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140:. The census was organised with great expectations from the government that it would confirm the superiority of the Soviet economic and social model, with Stalin publicly declaring in 1934 that the Soviet Union was gaining at least 3 million citizens per year. The census questions and procedure were prepared for several years by a commission of professional statisticians and demographers, but then significantly changed by Stalin and other members of the
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The results obtained from the census were at least 8 million people short of the expected outcome and immediately classified. The formal organizers were accused of "wrecking" and sent to camps, and the shortage was officially presented as caused by their negligence and acts of sabotage. The
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58-7: Wrecking was acts "with counter-revolutionary purposes" aimed against normal functioning of state and cooperative organisations, monetary and credit systems, such as giving deliberately wrong commands, counteracting their normal functioning, as well as acting in the interests of the former
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As applied in practice, "wrecking" and "sabotage" referred to any action which negatively affected the economy, including failing to meet unrealistic economic targets, allegedly causing poor morale among subordinates (e.g. by complaining about conditions of work), lack of effort, or other
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actual measurement error, as estimated by statisticians in the 1990s, did not exceed 1.5%, and the disappointing result was caused by the huge loss of life that occurred during
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296:[Census of 1937: Fact and Fiction (originally published as Population census of the USSR in 1937. History and materials / Express information)].
181:, accused of wrecking on the railroad transport. He "confessed" in providing consultations which had led to actual wrecking. Executed in May 1929. (See
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294:"Перепись населения 1937 года: вымыслы и правда (originally published as Перепись населения СССР 1937 года. История и материалы/Экспресс-информация)"
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incompetence. Thus, it referred to economic or industrial sabotage in the very broadest sense. The definition of sabotage was interpreted
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to better match their political goals – the collection phase of the census was shortened and the procedures simplified.
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58-14 (added in 1927): "Counter-revolutionary sabotage" was non-execution, or careless execution, of one's duties.
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and indirectly, so any form of non-compliance with Party directives could have been considered a 'sabotage'.
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58-9: Infliction of physical damage to state and cooperative property "with counter-revolutionary purposes".
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66:(58-7, 58–9, and 58-14 respectively), and the meaning of "wrecking" is closer to "undermining".
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46:, lit. "inflicting damage", "harming") was a crime specified in the criminal code of the
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involving charges of "wrecking" was that of official coordinators of the
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Distinctions among the three categories in the sub-articles:
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58:"; however, "wrecking", "diversionist acts", and "
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237:Cogs in the Wheel: The Formation of Soviet Man
27:striking at a "counter-revolutionary wrecker"
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326:Political repression in the Soviet Union
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62:sabotage" were distinct sub-articles of
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16:Crime of sabotage in the Soviet Union
185:for a detailed account of the case.)
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164:), and the mortality rates in the
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300:(in Russian) (3–5, part II): 6–63
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103:Show trials for wrecking cases
23:A 1930s Soviet poster showing
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64:Article 58 (RSFSR Penal Code)
54:. It is often translated as "
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262:Kravchenko, Victor (1988).
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336:Crime in the Soviet Union
292:Volkov, A G (1990).
154:Famine of 1932–1933
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233:Heller, Mikhail (1988).
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341:Law of the Soviet Union
190:Vladimir V. Tchernavin
116:Industrial Party Trial
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196:Nikolai Glebov-Avilov
128:Soviet census of 1937
60:counter-revolutionary
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122:Metro-Vickers Affair
241:. Alfred A. Knopf.
214:Socialist emulation
183:the ru-wiki article
331:Soviet phraseology
298:История статистики
138:1937 Soviet census
79:capitalist owners.
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202:Nikolay Urvantsev
142:Central Committee
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179:Nikolai von Meck
172:Individual cases
150:collectivization
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268:. Transaction.
265:I Chose Freedom
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98:Notable cases
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302:. Retrieved
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200:1938, 1940:
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48:Soviet Union
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134:show trials
132:One of the
320:Categories
52:Stalin era
162:Holodomor
208:See also
56:sabotage
32:Wrecking
158:Ukraine
50:in the
36:Russian
304:15 May
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194:1936:
188:1931:
177:1928:
152:, the
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114:1930:
108:1928:
220:Notes
166:Gulag
70:Types
306:2021
270:ISBN
243:ISBN
42:or
25:GPU
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