480:, was invaded by the Russian Empire in the seventeenth century, and came to accept Buddhism in the eighteenth century at the same time they were recognizing themselves as Mongol; to which extent Buryat shamanism mixed with Buddhism is a matter of contention among scholars. A nineteenth-century division between black and white shamanism, where black shamanism called on evil deities to bring people misfortune while white shamanism invoked good deities for happiness and prosperity, had completely changed by the twentieth century. Today, black shamanism invokes traditional shamanic deities, whereas white shamanism invokes Buddhist deities and recites Buddhist incantations but wears black shamanist accoutrements. White shamans worship
451:
The term "yellow shamanism" was first introduced in 1992 by
Sendenjav Dulam and its use then adopted by Otgony Pürev, who considers it to be the Buddhism-influenced successor of an unbroken practice that goes back to Genghis Khan—that earlier practice was "black shamanism" and was practiced by the
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Opponents argue that Pürev's argument relies too much on the evidence of one single monk from one province, and that it is more likely that yellow shamanism developed as a result of the tension between the
Buddhism of the Qing dynasty, for which conversion to Buddhism was in part a colonializing
437:, Buddhism became the dominant religion of the entire area and shamanism began incorporating Buddhist elements. Violent resistance in the eighteenth century by the hunting tribes of Northern Mongolia against the (Buddhist) ruling group, the Khalk Mongols, led to the foundation of
460:, where he found evidence of yellow practices in the recitations and prayers of a shaman born in the province in 1926; he argues that yellow shamanism has by now ceased to exist anywhere.
379:, whose members wear yellow hats during services. The term also serves to distinguish it from a form of shamanism not influenced by Buddhism (according to its adherents), called "
425:, became annexed into Buddhist practice as well. Mongolia itself was at a political and developmental standstill until the sixteenth century, when after the conversion of
448:, all varieties of shamanism were repressed; after 1991, when the era of Soviet influence was over, religion (including Buddhism and shamanism) made a comeback.
391:
While the applicability of the term "yellow" (or any other term) is still somewhat disputed, scholars consider the variety of shamanism practiced by the
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in defiance of the
Buddhism introduced to the area by the Khalka. According to Pürev, the center of yellow shamanism was the Dayan Deerh monastery in
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tactic. In agreement with Pürev's argument, though, yellow shamanism is also considered to not have survived Soviet and
Communist rule.
664:
632:
320:
395:, the largest population group of Mongolia, to be yellow shamanism; others refer to the shamanism practiced by the
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Shimamura, Ippei (2004). "Yellow
Shamans (Mongolia)". In Walter, Mariko Namba; Neumann Fridman, Eva Jane (eds.).
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371:. "Yellow" indicates Buddhism in Mongolia, since most Buddhists there belong to what is called the
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Hesse, Klaus (1987). "On the
History of Mongolian Shamanism in Anthropological Perspective".
411:(thirteenth-fourteenth century) and was briefly established as a state religion. The cult of
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Mongolian Music, Dance, & Oral
Narrative: Performing Diverse Identities
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Shamanism: An
Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture
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Form of shamanism practiced in
Mongolia and Siberia
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616:(4th ed.). Большая российская энциклопедия.
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472:The territory of the
700:Buddhism in Mongolia
695:Religious syncretism
503:Shamanism in Siberia
685:Mongolian shamanism
423:Mongolian shamanism
194:Manzan Gurme Toodei
32:Mongolian shamanism
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476:, who live around
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239:Zasa Mergen Baatar
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482:Sagaan Ubgen
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435:Qing dynasty
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413:Genghis Khan
409:Yuan dynasty
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233:Genghis Khan
214:Sagaan Ubgen
159:Arshi Tengri
154:Altan Telgey
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508:Dayan Deerh
478:Lake Baikal
229:Sülde Tngri
184:Esege Malan
174:Dayan Deerh
92:Tsagaan Sar
679:Categories
574:Hesse 1987
519:References
427:Altan Khan
189:Etugen Eke
164:Atai Ulaan
110:Wind horse
705:Shamanism
652:Shamanism
640:13 August
614:Мифология
593:Anthropos
562:Pegg 2001
524:Citations
353:shamanism
345:Mongolian
169:Bai-Ülgen
605:40463470
492:See also
468:Buryatia
403:Mongolia
369:Buddhism
357:Mongolia
267:Tengrism
262:Buddhism
199:Od iyesi
99:Mirror (
72:Features
24:a series
22:Part of
584:Sources
474:Buryats
454:Darkhad
397:Buryats
361:Siberia
349:Шар бөө
295:Shenism
663:
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363:which
300:Shinto
137:Tenger
601:JSTOR
498:Gelug
418:tngri
367:from
204:Odqan
147:Ongon
142:Tngri
117:Serge
40:Types
661:ISBN
642:2012
629:ISBN
484:and
359:and
101:Toli
383:".
375:of
257:Bon
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26:on
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343:(
329:e
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