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Zapatista uprising

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focused on building solidarity, strength, and educating each other on topics such as climate change, mass incarceration, gender-based violence, labor movements, and indigenous rights. The gathering is an example of an international popular grassroots education and solidarity inspired and coordinated by the Zapatistas. These networks and displays of international solidarity and mutual aid between activists are sometimes referred to as “International Zapatismo”. The movement represents a fight for justice, autonomy, and freedom from State, political, and economic oppression. The Zapatistas have become a global symbol of indigenous sovereignty.
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Zapatistas and Mexican government in 1996 but not passed until 2001, the Indigenous Rights Bill of 2001 made great promises to meet many of the Zapatistas' demands to improve indigenous autonomy and rights. However, last-minute changes to the bill watered down the promises, and some indigenous leaders saw it as another mitigation technique used by the government to stop indigenous protests and offer no long-term systemic change. Many within the EZLN and supporters of the Zapatistas compared it to the San Andres Accords for not fulfilling the demands of the indigenous peoples.
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became a resource for on-the-ground reports from those in Chiapas to document what was happening. At the time, internet access, telephone access, and electricity were inaccessible to the poor, rural Zapatista communities. Therefore, all of the spread of cyber-based information came from international solidarity networks. Reports from EZLN were handwritten and distributed to reporters.
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Prior to the Zapatista Uprising, indigenous Chiapans usually employed legal means of protest, such as demonstrations and marches. Typically, protests were met with little to no bureaucratic response. Petitions were also used to urge the Mexican government to regrant access to seized indigenous lands.
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organizations as well as small armed groups began to form in Chiapas in the 1970s. In efforts to suppress Indigenous resistance in the region, farm and land owners created paramilitary forces sponsored by the Mexican government designed to violently retaliate against potential Indigenous defiance. At
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in 2011, and the protests in 2014 after the disappearance of 43 students from a rural teacher's college in Mexico. The Zapatista Movement, empathetic and active in fighting for women's rights, posited dismantling the patriarchy as a primary goal, which has become increasingly more important in their
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The Zapatista Uprising has been credited for long-term changes in Mexico, including the state's increasing democratization, as a result of the strengthening of Mexican civil society. After the uprising, civilians continued to mobilize for further inclusion and expansion of human rights, democracy,
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in mobilization efforts. In March 2018, the Zapatistas coordinated an inaugural international gathering in the autonomous region of Caracol of Morelia in Chiapas called “International Gathering of Women Who Struggle.” Women from over 50 countries attended the gathering. Over three days, the women
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During the uprising, the State used mass media outlets such as radio and television to suppress news concerning the Zapatistas. In response, supporters of the Zapatistas employed the internet to circulate information not only on a local level but to international news organizations. The internet
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in the state of Chiapas. Five caracoles, or organizing regions, were established in 2003, and seven new caracoles were established in 2019. The municipalities focused on implementing popular democratic infrastructure, collective control of the land, health care, education, and the promotion of
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However, the Mexican Government failed to fully meet the call for indigenous sovereignty and the demands of the Zapatistas. From 1994 to 2003, members and supporters of the movement continued to march in protests, block roads, seize land, and organize strikes. Originally negotiated between the
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was designated the government representative for peace relations between the Mexican state and the Zapatistas. On 21 February 1994, members of the EZLN, Manuel Camacho, and intermediary bishop Samuel Ruiz met in San CristĂłbal de las Casas to discuss peace agreements. However, the EZLN rejected
445:(Spanish for "Subcommander") as the ideological leader of the movement and also made plans to declare war on the state of Mexico. Marcos was unique in his leadership because unlike most of the uprising's participants, his ethnicity was 513:, rebels were met by police forces who retaliated violently against Zapatista occupation. The Mexican army also responded to the attacks and by the end of that week all rebels had been driven out of occupied towns and into the 67:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge. 557:
The Zapatista Movement has extended beyond the uprising in 1994 as both an international solidarity movement and a source of lessons and inspiration for grassroots social movements across the world, including the U.S.
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healthcare, and education in Mexico. The militarization of Chiapas increased by over 200% from 1994 to 1999, likely in an effort of the state to suppress indigenous resistance, such as the Zapatista uprising.
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government propositions on 12 June. Peace discussions were also further interrupted by the Mexican army's invasion of the land that Zapatistas had occupied in February 1995. The
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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Even when successful, the state met these petitions with administrative delays and were reluctant to take power away from rural elites.
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where some fighting would continue for five more days. A ceasefire was finally called by the Mexican government on 12 January 1994.
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the same time, many Indigenous individuals formed small armed militant groups in response to persecution, one of which became the
378:(NAFTA). The rebels occupied cities and towns in Chiapas, releasing prisoners and destroying land records. After battles with the 405:
in 1968, the Mexican government continued to suppress instances of political mobilization and social organization as part of the
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Inclán, María de la Luz (2009). "Repressive Threats, Procedural Concessions, and the Zapatista Cycle of Protests, 1994—2003".
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and enabled the large-scale transfer of rural, indigenous community land to transfer to multinational food corporations.
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philosophy as time goes on. The Zapatistas have inspired movements seeking to dismantle the patriarchy through their
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Revista Europea de Estudios Latinoamericanos y del Caribe / European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies
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Collins, Stephen D. (December 2010). "Indigenous rights and internal wars: The Chiapas conflict at 15 years".
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This article is about the 1994 revolt in Chiapas, Mexico. For the overarching conflict in Chiapas, see
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van der Haar, Gemma (2004). "The Zapatista Uprising and the Struggle for Indigenous Autonomy".
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peace agreement was finally signed by the Zapatistas and Mexican government in February 1996.
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individuals attacked civic centers such as city halls in many towns in Chiapas including
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Subcommander Marcos, Ya Basta ! 10 Years of the Zapatista Uprising. AK Press 2004
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The revolt gathered international attention, and 100,000 people protested in
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
600:. Ciudad de MĂ©xico: Instituto TecnolĂłgico AutĂłnomo de MĂ©xico, pp. 49. 1412: 841:"Democratization in Mexico: The Zapatista Uprising and Civil Society" 631:
Zapatistas: The Chiapas Revolt and What It Means For Radical Politics
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Raúl Benítez Manaut & Rafael Fernández de Castro (2001).
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declared war on the Mexican state on 1 January 1994, the day
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Reporter photographing a rebel shortly after the uprising.
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Zapatistas granted rights to self-government and autonomy
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became Mexico's president in 1988 and drove changes to
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Wars involving the indigenous peoples of North America
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México-Centroamérica: desafios a inicios del siglo XXI
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In the year before the rebellion, the EZLN designated
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Despite the threat of government persecution, various
370:(EZLN) coordinated a 12-day uprising in the state of 60: 995:Hackbarth, Kurt; Mooers, Colin (9 September 2019). 729: 717: 1454: 668: 666: 393:against the government's repression in Chiapas. 994: 199:Insurgency contained but unable to be destroyed 958:"Mexico Congress Approves Altered Rights Bill" 85:accompanying your translation by providing an 51:Click for important translation instructions. 38:expand this article with text translated from 1183: 908: 906: 897: 839:Gilbreth, Chris; Otero, Gerardo (July 2001). 838: 663: 302: 1200:Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) 1101: 195:Ceasefire between Mexican Military and EZLN 386:, a ceasefire was brokered on 12 January. 1190: 1176: 903: 374:, in protest against the enactment of the 309: 295: 150: 1215:Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities 551:Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities 432:that ended the redistribution of land to 207:Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities 97:{{Translated|es|Levantamiento zapatista}} 1258:Sixth Declaration of the Lacandon Jungle 955: 628: 524: 353:2006 civil unrest in San Salvador Atenco 16:1994 Uprising in Mexico by the Zaptistas 1054: 768: 672: 1455: 997:"The Zapatista Revolution Is Not Over" 912: 804: 802: 800: 430:Article 27 of the Mexican Constitution 1513:Zapatista Army of National Liberation 1171: 1137: 976:from the original on 18 November 2018 735: 723: 705:from the original on 17 February 2023 416:Zapatista Army of National Liberation 368:Zapatista Army of National Liberation 290: 1030:National Geographic Society Newsroom 764: 762: 760: 624: 622: 620: 618: 616: 614: 316: 20: 797: 376:North American Free Trade Agreement 13: 1154:from the original on 2 August 2024 956:Thompson, Ginger (30 April 2001). 457:was to go into effect, to protest 14: 1524: 1055:Andrews, Abigail (January 2011). 757: 611: 1144:Columbia Human Rights Law Review 879:from the original on 12 May 2023 679:Journal of International Affairs 565:revolutionary inclusion of women 266:30,000–40,000 (government claim) 248: 227: 25: 1130: 1095: 1048: 1036:from the original on 7 May 2023 1018: 988: 949: 820:from the original on 7 May 2023 915:Journal of Conflict Resolution 832: 741: 590: 95:You may also add the template 1: 1473:January 1994 events in Mexico 1220:Zapatista coffee cooperatives 583: 396: 170:(1 week and 4 days) 783:10.1016/j.soscij.2010.05.006 469:On the day of the uprising, 127:Liberation Army of the South 7: 1061:Latin American Perspectives 845:Latin American Perspectives 571: 10: 1529: 857:10.1177/0094582X0102800402 771:The Social Science Journal 673:Cleaver, Harry M. (1998). 629:Mentinis, Mihalis (2006). 507:San CristĂłbal de las Casas 487:San CristĂłbal de las Casas 268:60,000-70,000 (EZLN claim) 120: 59:Machine translation, like 1421: 1356: 1320: 1276: 1228: 1207: 898:Gilbreth & Otero 2001 464: 426:Carlos Salinas de Gortari 328: 280: 275: 260: 219: 160: 149: 141: 136: 40:the corresponding article 1073:10.1177/0094582X10384217 927:10.1177/0022002709341173 1478:20th-century rebellions 449:instead of indigenous. 366:On 1 January 1994, the 137:1994 Zapatista uprising 106:For more guidance, see 1304:The Uncomfortable Dead 1297:Our Word Is Our Weapon 1285:A Place Called Chiapas 1503:Wars involving Mexico 1138:Kelly, James (1994). 549:The EZLN established 529:After the ceasefire, 525:Aftermath and support 276:Casualties and losses 108:Knowledge:Translation 79:copyright attribution 1498:Separatism in Mexico 1493:Rebellions in Mexico 1348:Subcomandante Marcos 639:10.2307/j.ctt18fsbch 443:Subcomandante Marcos 241:Mexican Armed Forces 1343:Subcomandante Elisa 461:'s implementation. 403:Tlatelolco massacre 1263:The Other Campaign 1246:San AndrĂ©s Accords 1241:Zapatista uprising 962:The New York Times 536:San AndrĂ©s Accords 348:The Other Campaign 333:Zapatista uprising 87:interlanguage link 1468:Conflicts in 1994 1450: 1449: 1401:Women in the EZLN 1338:Comandanta Ramona 1333:Comandanta Esther 1032:. 21 March 2018. 606:978-968-6729-02-3 578:Mexican Dirty War 361: 360: 285: 284: 215: 214: 168:1–12 January 1994 119: 118: 52: 48: 1520: 1442: 1441:Socialism portal 1435: 1428: 1427:Anarchism portal 1312:Radio Insurgente 1268:Journey for Life 1236:Chiapas conflict 1201: 1192: 1185: 1178: 1169: 1168: 1163: 1161: 1159: 1124: 1123: 1099: 1093: 1092: 1052: 1046: 1045: 1043: 1041: 1022: 1016: 1015: 1013: 1011: 992: 986: 985: 983: 981: 953: 947: 946: 910: 901: 895: 889: 888: 886: 884: 836: 830: 829: 827: 825: 806: 795: 794: 766: 755: 745: 739: 733: 727: 721: 715: 714: 712: 710: 670: 661: 660: 626: 609: 594: 554:women's rights. 505:. While raiding 323: 321: 320:Chiapas conflict 311: 304: 297: 288: 287: 253: 252: 251: 233: 231: 230: 162: 161: 154: 144:Chiapas conflict 134: 133: 123:Chiapas conflict 98: 92: 65:Google Translate 50: 46: 29: 28: 21: 1528: 1527: 1523: 1522: 1521: 1519: 1518: 1517: 1483:Peasant revolts 1453: 1452: 1451: 1446: 1440: 1433: 1426: 1417: 1386:Lacandon Jungle 1369:Emiliano Zapata 1352: 1328:Major Ana MarĂ­a 1316: 1272: 1251:Acteal massacre 1224: 1203: 1199: 1196: 1166: 1157: 1155: 1133: 1128: 1127: 1100: 1096: 1053: 1049: 1039: 1037: 1024: 1023: 1019: 1009: 1007: 993: 989: 979: 977: 954: 950: 911: 904: 896: 892: 882: 880: 837: 833: 823: 821: 808: 807: 798: 767: 758: 746: 742: 734: 730: 722: 718: 708: 706: 671: 664: 649: 633:. Pluto Press. 627: 612: 595: 591: 586: 574: 560:Occupy Movement 527: 515:Lacandon Jungle 467: 399: 372:Chiapas, Mexico 364: 363: 362: 357: 343:Acteal massacre 324: 319: 317: 315: 267: 249: 247: 228: 226: 186: 169: 155: 130: 115: 114: 113: 96: 90: 53: 30: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1526: 1516: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1463:1994 in Mexico 1448: 1447: 1445: 1444: 1437: 1430: 1422: 1419: 1418: 1416: 1415: 1410: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1375:EstaciĂłn Libre 1371: 1366: 1360: 1358: 1357:Related topics 1354: 1353: 1351: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1317: 1315: 1314: 1309: 1308: 1307: 1300: 1288: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1273: 1271: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1254: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1225: 1223: 1222: 1217: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1204: 1195: 1194: 1187: 1180: 1172: 1165: 1164: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1125: 1106:(76): 99–108. 1094: 1067:(1): 138–152. 1047: 1017: 987: 948: 921:(5): 794–819. 902: 890: 831: 796: 777:(4): 773–788. 756: 740: 738:, p. 544. 728: 726:, p. 556. 716: 685:(2): 621–640. 662: 647: 610: 588: 587: 585: 582: 581: 580: 573: 570: 531:Manuel Camacho 526: 523: 495:Las Margaritas 466: 463: 401:Following the 398: 395: 359: 358: 356: 355: 350: 345: 340: 335: 329: 326: 325: 314: 313: 306: 299: 291: 283: 282: 278: 277: 273: 272: 269: 263: 262: 258: 257: 245: 244: 243: 222: 221: 217: 216: 213: 212: 211: 210: 203: 200: 192: 188: 187: 178: 176: 172: 171: 166: 158: 157: 147: 146: 139: 138: 132: 131: 117: 116: 112: 111: 104: 93: 71: 68: 57: 54: 47:(October 2018) 35: 34: 33: 31: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1525: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1458: 1443: 1438: 1436: 1434:Mexico portal 1431: 1429: 1424: 1423: 1420: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1408: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1381:John Holloway 1379: 1377: 1376: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1313: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1301: 1299: 1298: 1294: 1293: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1286: 1282: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1212: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1193: 1188: 1186: 1181: 1179: 1174: 1173: 1170: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1136: 1135: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1098: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1051: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1021: 1006: 1002: 998: 991: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 952: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 909: 907: 900:, p. 10. 899: 894: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 835: 819: 815: 811: 805: 803: 801: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 765: 763: 761: 754: 753:9781904859130 750: 744: 737: 732: 725: 720: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 669: 667: 658: 654: 650: 648:9780745324869 644: 640: 636: 632: 625: 623: 621: 619: 617: 615: 607: 603: 599: 593: 589: 579: 576: 575: 569: 566: 561: 555: 552: 547: 543: 539: 537: 532: 522: 518: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 462: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 439: 437: 436: 431: 427: 423: 419: 417: 412: 408: 404: 394: 392: 387: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 336: 334: 331: 330: 327: 322: 312: 307: 305: 300: 298: 293: 292: 289: 279: 274: 270: 265: 264: 259: 256: 246: 242: 239: 238: 237: 236: 224: 223: 218: 208: 204: 201: 198: 197: 196: 193: 190: 189: 185: 181: 177: 174: 173: 167: 164: 163: 159: 153: 148: 145: 140: 135: 128: 124: 109: 105: 102: 94: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 69: 66: 62: 58: 56: 55: 49: 43: 41: 36:You can help 32: 23: 22: 19: 1405: 1396:Neozapatismo 1373: 1302: 1295: 1291:Bibliography 1283: 1240: 1156:. 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Index

the corresponding article
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Knowledge:Translation
Chiapas conflict
Liberation Army of the South
Chiapas conflict

Chiapas
Mexico
Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities
Mexico
Mexican Armed Forces
EZLN
v
t
e
Chiapas conflict
Zapatista uprising
1995 Crisis
Acteal massacre
The Other Campaign
2006 civil unrest in San Salvador Atenco
Zapatista Army of National Liberation
Chiapas, Mexico
North American Free Trade Agreement

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