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534:(1890). Her novels and short stories were translated into many languages, including English, Russian, German, Swedish, Czech, Slovak, Hungarian, Ukrainian. Zapolska was criticized by conservatives for the more naturalist aspects of her works, such as perceived immorality, squalor, taboo subjects, etc. Notable Zapolska prose works include:
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nature led to conflicts with theatre principals. Following
Pawlikowski's departure, in 1900 she abandoned her contract. After that, Zapolska set up her own stage which was active time-by-time. In 1902 Zapolska ran a drama school in Kraków and the Gabriela Zapolska Independent Theatre was founded
288:, where she acted in an amateur theatre ran by the Philanthropy Society. In 1881 Zapolska became pregnant by an out-of-wedlock relationship and left her family. The same year she made her own short story debut by
196:
Polish drama. Her stage plays were translated into foreign languages, and performed at Polish and
European theatres, as well as adapted for radio and film. Zapolska herself acted on stage in over 200 plays in
362:
In 1904 she moved to Lwów and married a painter, Stanisław
Janowski. She became a patron of the travelling theatre named after her (Gabriela Zapolska Theatre) which during the years of 1907–1908 toured
284:. In 1876 she was forced by her family to marry a Polish lieutenant in the Tsarist guard, Konstanty Śnieżko-Błocki, but soon left him and divorced in 1888. During the years of 1879–1880 she lived in
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in Théâtre de l'Oeuvre. In Paris, Zapolska established contacts within the artistic milieu as well as with Polish socialist emigrants, which influenced her social views.
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678:. Her dramas were translated into other languages, played at the Polish and European stages, and adapted into radio and film. Notable Zapolska dramas include:
175:, theatre critic and stage actress. Zapolska wrote 41 plays, 23 novels, 177 short stories, 252 works of journalism, one film script, and over 1,500 letters.
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and didactic tone. She portrayed the lives of the poorest and most vulnerable people including proletarians, Jews, servants, prostitutes, etc.
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Characters in
Zapolska's works are mostly of ordinary type. She tends to skip psychological analysis as it was specific for the
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367:. She divorced her second husband in 1910. In the years of 1912–1913 Zapolska was a literary director of Teatr Premier. As a
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After coming back to her country, she settled in Kraków and acted in garden theatres, travelling troupes, and then in Kraków
391:. In 1915, after Lwów was captured by the Russian Army, she ran a small confectionery. Zapolska died on 17 December 1921 in
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Demaskatorska funkcja komizmu i satyry w dramatach
Gabrieli Zapolskiej (w kręgu "Moralności pani Dulskiej")
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Zapolska created acrimonious and embittered literary characters, such as those in her best-known works,
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writers. She also brought up controversial subjects, such as prostitution and venereal disease (
778:(1930) – by Boleslaw Newolin; the first Polish movie with sound recorded on a gramophone record
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Zapolska is best known for her dramas, socio-satirical comedies and tragicomedy works. Her
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later. Her experiences in Paris let her to produce two
Maeterlinck stage adaptations –
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192:– is considered the most famous internationally. It is regarded as a landmark of early
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in hopes of an artistic career. There, she played minor roles in boulevard theatres,
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984:. Vol. 6 (1st ed.). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. 1997. p. 984.
848:"Świat lustrzanych odbić. W 150. rocznicę urodzin Gabrieli Zapolskiej (1857-1921)"
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Zapolska received most recognition for her socio-satirical comedies. Among them,
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Gabriela
Zapolska, Józef Maskoff, Walery Tomicki, Maryja, Marya, Omega, Szczerba
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theatre, and assumed the pseudonym of
Gabriela Zapolska. She also acted in
1204:(in Polish). Warsaw: Centralna Poradnia Amatorskiego Ruchu Artystycznego.
1177:(in Polish). Warsaw: Centralna Poradnia Amatorskiego Ruchu Artystycznego.
1077:
Sztandar ze spódnicy: Zapolska i Nałkowska o kobiecym doświadczeniu ciała
296:). The following year, in 1882, she became a professional actress in the
259:. Her father, Wincenty Kazimierz Jan Korwin-Piotrowski, was a marshal of
1426:(in Polish) (1st ed.). Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne.
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Ciało, pożądanie, ubranie. O wczesnych powieściach
Gabrieli Zapolskiej
661:
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1346:(in German). Witterschlick: Dissertation, Freie Universität Berlin.
1035:(in Polish). Lublin: Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska.
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1443:(in Polish) (1st ed.). Kraków: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
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Przedsionek piekła: O powieściopisarstwie
Gabrieli Zapolskiej
854:(in Polish). Bicentennial Publishing Co., Inc. Archived from
312:
218:
185:
1133:(in Polish) (1st ed.). Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie.
522:
Gabriela Zapolska made her own short story debut in 1881 by
1456:
Zapolska, Gabriela; Virol, Lisbeth; Nevill, Arturo (2004).
1292:(in Polish). Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego.
392:
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Institute and in the Institute of Education and Science in
1344:
Studien zum novellistischen Schaffen von Gabriela Zapolska
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530:. She collected her early short stories in the volume of
308:. In October 1888 she reportedly made a suicide attempt.
1062:(in Polish). Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich.
1314:
1030:
266:. Her mother - Józefa Karska, a former ballet dancer.
1363:(in Polish). Wrocław: Wrocławska Drukarnia Naukowa.
740:Movies based on Zapolska novels or dramas include:
919:
1460:(in French). Montreuil-sous-Bois: Femme pressée.
1200:Jakubowski, Jan Zygmunt; Renikowa, Wanda (1965).
1173:Jakubowski, Jan Zygmunt; Renikowa, Wanda (1965).
1150:(in Polish). Słupsk: Wydawnictwo Uczelniane WSP.
1131:Gabriela Zapolska. Monografia bio-bibliograficzna
881:"Zapolska, Gabriela: The Morality of Mrs. Dulska"
1542:
1372:(in Polish). Warsaw: Państwowy Instytut Sztuki.
1106:(in Polish). Warsaw: Państwowy Instytut Sztuki.
1079:(in Polish). Warsaw: Oficyna Wydawnicza Errata.
419:, a French naturalist writer. Her output has a
1571:20th-century Polish dramatists and playwrights
342:directed by Tadeusz Pawlikowski. Her defiant,
1424:"Moralność pani Dulskiej" Gabrieli Zapolskiej
1319:(in Polish). Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie.
878:
1238:(in Polish). London: Polonia Book Fund Ltd.
1202:Teatr Zapolskiej. Wybór tekstów cz. II i III
920:Floryńska-Lalewicz, Halina (February 2004).
411:Gabriela Zapolska's works were dominated by
304:, and in travelling troupes throughout the
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1361:Działalność teatralna Gabrieli Zapolskiej
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1315:Peiper, Tadeusz; Fazan, Jarosław (2004).
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371:and theatre critic she collaborated with
153:Maria Gabriela Stefania Korwin-Piotrowska
104:Novelist, publicist, playwright, prosaist
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1399:(in Polish). Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna.
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1145:
1060:Gabriela Zapolska: Opowieść biograficzna
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228:
1631:Polish women dramatists and playwrights
1290:Fantazmaty. Grabiński – Prus – Zapolska
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1458:Madame Zapolska et la scène parisienne
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323:. She played in a stage adaptation of
243:Zapolska was born on 30 March 1857 in
1438:
1265:(in Polish). Kraków: Wydawnictwo FK.
1031:Aleksandrowicz-Ulrich, Alina (1953).
885:The University of Chicago Press Books
1441:Gabriela Zapolska: Życie i twórczość
1104:Gabrieli Zapolskiej "Listy" o sztuce
955:Virtual Library of Polish Literature
939:
1499:Works by or about Gabriela Zapolska
948:
869:
735:
670:was continued in two short stories—
406:
130:Konstanty Śnieżko-Błocki (divorced)
24:
1221:(in Polish). Warsaw: Renaissance.
1024:
846:Grossman, Elwira M. (2007-03-30).
713:Ich czworo. Tragedia ludzi głupich
451:Ich czworo. Tragedia ludzi głupich
25:
1682:
1656:20th-century pseudonymous writers
1651:19th-century pseudonymous writers
1641:19th-century Polish women writers
1636:20th-century Polish women writers
1483:
1515:
981:Nowa encyklopedia powszechna PWN
756:(1921) – by Władysław Lenczewski
645:O czym się nawet myśleć nie chce
436:O czym się nawet myśleć nie chce
255:, this territory was annexed by
142:
1317:Gabriela Zapolska jako aktorka
1219:Zapolska. Powieść biograficzna
784:(1939) – by Mieczysław Krawicz
13:
1:
1566:20th-century Polish novelists
1561:19th-century Polish novelists
794:, 1958) – by Jiří Krejčík; a
543:One Day in the Life of a Rose
294:One Day in the Life of a Rose
132:Stanisław Janowski (divorced)
1671:Writers from Austria-Hungary
1616:Burials at Lychakiv Cemetery
1370:Paryskimi śladami Zapolskiej
1368:Raszewski, Zbigniew (1956).
1359:Raszewski, Zbigniew (1951).
1342:Podeschwik, Manfred (1969).
1288:Kłosińska, Krystyna (2004).
1261:Kłosińska, Krystyna (1999).
1129:Czachowska, Jadwiga (1966).
1102:Czachowska, Jadwiga (1957).
924:. Culture.pl. Archived from
764:(1924) – by Edward Puchalski
514:Resources in other libraries
490:Resources in other libraries
7:
1514:(public domain audiobooks)
1008:(in Polish). Archived from
814:List of feminist literature
802:
706:The Morality of Mrs. Dulska
664:Polish drama. The story of
181:The Morality of Mrs. Dulska
10:
1687:
1606:Pseudonymous women writers
1508:Works by Gabriela Zapolska
1490:Works by Gabriela Zapolska
770:(1929) – by Juliusz Gardan
676:Śmierć Felicjana Dulskiego
629:Śmierć Felicjana Dulskiego
359:), both produced in 1902.
311:In 1889 Zapolska moved to
1075:Chałupnik, Agata (2004).
651:
509:Resources in your library
485:Resources in your library
141:
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1646:19th-century translators
1422:Taborski, Roman (1975).
1395:Rurawski, Józef (1981).
1146:Gubernat, Irena (1998).
1058:Bieniasz, Józef (1960).
633:Death of Felicjan Dulski
539:Jeden dzień z życia róży
524:Jeden dzień z życia róży
464:
340:Juliusz Słowacki Theatre
290:Jeden dzień z życia róży
276:Zapolska studied at the
1234:Karren, Tamara (1977).
1217:Kallas, Aniela (1931).
852:Przegląd Polski on-line
792:Moralność pani Dulskiej
775:Moralność pani Dulskiej
672:Pani Dulska przed sądem
667:Moralność pani Dulskiej
658:Moralność pani Dulskiej
617:Pani Dulska przed sądem
443:Moralność pani Dulskiej
224:
1591:Polish theatre critics
1586:Polish stage actresses
1576:Polish women novelists
1439:Weiss, Tomasz (1968).
879:Teresa Murjas (2007).
240:
155:(1857–1921), known as
1661:People from Pidhaitsi
1626:Women theatre critics
978:"Zapolska Gabriela".
768:Policmajster Tagiejew
747:(1918) – directed by
401:Lychakivskiy Cemetery
232:
1621:Polish women critics
830:Notes and references
498:By Gabriela Zapolska
399:) and buried at the
1611:Socialist feminists
1000:"Zapolska Gabriela"
951:"Gabriela ZAPOLSKA"
922:"Gabriela Zapolska"
788:Morálka paní Dulské
782:O czym się nie mówi
623:O czym się nie mówi
528:Przegląd Tygodniowy
333:Maurice Maeterlinck
253:Partition of Poland
1666:Polish positivists
1596:Polish translators
809:Feminism in Poland
693:Małka Szwarcenkopf
321:Théâtre de l'Œuvre
272:2017-03-20 at the
241:
1601:Writers from Lviv
1581:Polish publicists
1535:Gabriela Zapolska
1523:Gabriela Zapolska
1494:Project Gutenberg
1397:Gabriela Zapolska
1005:WIEM Encyklopedia
824:Polish literature
725:Panna Maliczewska
639:Kobieta bez skazy
586:Fin-de-sièclistka
532:Z dziejów boleści
476:Gabriela Zapolska
471:Library resources
459:Panna Maliczewska
385:Ilustracja Polska
169:naturalist writer
157:Gabriela Zapolska
150:
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117:Literary movement
31:Gabriela Zapolska
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1551:1857 births
1532:(in Polish)
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611:Córka Tuśki
599:Zaszumi las
568:Przedpiekle
395:(now Lviv,
278:Sacré Coeur
109:Nationality
1545:Categories
1016:2007-11-20
965:2007-11-20
932:2007-11-20
895:2007-11-26
862:2007-11-26
559:Cathy the
417:Émile Zola
413:naturalism
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165:playwright
121:Naturalism
101:Occupation
52:1858-03-30
1122:169846141
662:modernist
545:, 1881)
389:Wiek Nowy
353:L'Intruse
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270:Archived
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245:Podhajce
161:novelist
93:Pen name
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302:Poznań
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286:Warsaw
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203:Kraków
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798:movie
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465:Prose
331:) by
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219:Paris
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