521:. For example, the ancient tombs of Motoshi Inawa in the city of Asahi, Kyoto Prefecture, and the ancient tombs of Tomikaga in the city of Okayama, among others, the largest one is the Tokutoma ancient tomb. The total length of the mound is about 280 meters, which is more than three times larger than the largest mound tomb of about 80 meters in the later period of the Yayoi period, and its area and capacity are far greater than the latter. Although the mound tombs with a front and back circular shape were already scattered throughout Japan during the Yayoi period, the early forms of the Zenpokoenfun were mostly vertical cave-style stone chambers with bamboo-shaped wooden coffins, which were different from the mound tombs during the Yayoi period. Moreover, early Zenpokoenfun had common features, such as a lower and wider front part compared to the back circular part, and the combination and position of
443:. Kondo Yoshiro proposed that Zenpokoenfun originated from the Yoshiyama Tomb, with the front part being the protruding part of the four corner protruding tomb mound. Afterwards, Zenpokoenfun spread throughout Japan, forming the order of Zenpokoenfun. The Yoshiyama Burial Culture Center stated that Zenpokoenfun originated from the Yoshiyama Tomb, and pointed out that Kofun at that time were surrounded by Zhou trenches, leaving only one connection between land and Kofun, known as the land bridge, and that earthenware for ceremonies was found near it, and the land bridge gradually expanded to form Zenpokoenfun, which is currently a powerful statement. On May 12, 2016, the Nara Institute of Culture and Finance discovered a circular tomb at the Seta Ruins in
198:, Piaozhong, and Erzi Tombs. Chezun refers to the front and back circular parts of Kofun, which are named after cars. Yaozi Tomb is named after the fact that when viewed from the side, it looks like half of the lying Yaozi, Chajiu Tomb is named after the two or three layers of the back circle that look like a teacup and is also known as the teacup tomb and the cup-shaped tomb. The cup-shaped tomb, refers to the shape of the front and back circular tombs, which is like half of a gourd buried in the soil. Erzi Tomb, also known as the Erzi Tomb and Gemini Tomb, refers to the front and back circular tombs with similar heights between the front and back parts. Most of the front and rear circular tombs referred to as this are concentrated in the
841:
848:
866:
761:, and scallop-shaped ancient tombs also have the characteristics of early Kofun. Therefore, some opinions believe that scallop-shaped ancient tombs are similar to the front and back circular tombs in a broad sense. During the same period as the Baolai Mountain Kofun, the front part of the ancient tomb led by the Zuojilingshan Kofun was shorter. Afterward, the middle stage ancient tombs of Zenpokoenfun were mostly built on flat or vast terraces. The front part was wider, comparable to the diameter of the back circular part, and could be used for entry and exit. They were also used as burial chambers, with an increase in height. The middle details were built, and multiple
753:). The earliest front part was in a curved shape, while the later front part was all in a straight line, representing ancient tombs such as the chopsticks tomb. Afterward, the height of the front part decreases, while the middle part becomes smaller, shaped like a hand mirror, hence it is also known as a handle mirror shape, representing the ancient tomb of Sakurai Chasusan. The front part of the Baolai Mountain Kofun is as high as the Sakurai Chasusan Kofun, and the middle part is larger without a circular trench. The tomb chamber is shaped like a clay coffin or a vertical cave stone chamber. These early Kofun are mostly located at the protruding parts of hills,
766:
The final form of the tomb in the front and back images is the late ancient tomb, which can be found in both hills and flat areas. The front part is higher and wider than the diameter of the circular part, while the interior is mostly a horizontal cave-style stone chamber. This type of ancient tomb, led by the Tushi Yuling Kofun, combines the characteristics of the Yutian
Yumiaoshan Kofun and the Daisen Kofun and is on average longer than the Yutian Yumiaoshan Kofun type. The scale of the mounds of ancient tombs in the later period generally decreased in the Gyeonggi area, while the practice of constructing large Zenpokoenfun is still maintained in other places.
307:, some people had already named the front part the declaration field, reflecting the function of the altar. Yukio Kobayashi also believes that the front part is closer to the altar. On the other hand, in support of this statement, Saiichi Goto also mentioned that due to the lack of ritual objects such as earthenware and Sakurai in the front section, this viewpoint cannot be confirmed. At the same time, Takahashi Kenji believed that the front part also had accompanying burial situations and should not be regarded as an altar. He also advocated that the front part and the circular part, like the sanctuary between the main hall of a
146:
273:
678:. Regarding the reasons for the multiple transfers of these large Zenpokoenfun, based on research on the "Kushiji" and "Nihonshu Ji", the Japanese academic community has proposed views such as the theory of dynasty alternation and the theory of equestrian tribes conquering dynasties to explain. On the other hand, Hirose Kazuo proposed that the structures of the Sasaki, Koji, Shizuki, and Makino ancient tomb groups were similar, and from the late 4th century to the second half of the 5th century, the heads of the four ancient tomb groups jointly played a role in the
400:
Hanoi cited the concept of "using crushed stones to cover each body thinly" in the "Longsha
Chronicles" written by Shiji, and referred to it as the "human-shaped crushed stone tomb", pointing out that it was similar to the Zenpokoenfun. He also mentioned that they are the result of the maximization based on their prototype, which is a creative product of ancient people. Fujisawa, on the other hand, pointed out that Zenpokoenfun originated from the Dahuting Han Tomb. In the early stage, most of them were vertical cave-style stone chambers, which were influenced by
424:
465:
combining them. In addition, Mihara Moji also inherited
William Gowland's statement that Zenpokoenfun was formed by combining circular and square graves. Saito Tadao and Hamada Genshin proposed the idea that the front and rear circular graves were naturally formed based on the terrain of the hills. Hamada later withdrew this claim, and Masaki Yabo also believed that both this and Neil Gordon Menruo's claims lacked persuasiveness. He also said that the claims of Seino and Mihara were difficult to verify, but only inherited the theory of the time.
650:
787:
626:
269:
Koushu people also proposed the idea of imitating the family house, believing that the tomb as the post-death residence was a common concept in different cultures, and compared the Xuan room to the main part, reproducing the appearance of the pre-life residence through envy and vice rooms. Maomu Yabo thinks that is inappropriate to suggest that
Zenpokoenfun was based on the imitation of objects, and Tsumatsu Mingjiu also believes that there are many similar objects to Zenpokoenfun, which is just a theory.
799:
20:
775:
455:
638:
244:
830:
822:
161:
730:
economic and military aspects. From the end of the 6th century to the beginning of the 7th century, large square and circular tombs replaced the front and became the mainstream. In the middle of the 7th century, they evolved into octagonal tombs. Regarding the reason for the cessation of construction of
Zenpokoenfun, Taiichiro Shiraishi believes that it is related to the reforms of Crown
605:. In the end, the alliance of the Dog Slave Kingdom and the alliance of the Evil Horse Kingdom merged into one, forming the Japanese monarchy. Then, the leaders of East and West Japan were distinguished by the Zenpokoenfun and the front and rear tombs. From the end of the 4th century to the 5th century, large Zenpokoenfun resembling Kofun in Mount Taida began to appear in present-day
538:. On the other hand, Yoshiro Kondo also mentioned that most of the Zenpokoenfun built on flat land were well organized, and the mounds were also built layer by layer after consolidation. Considering the slope and arrangement of the mounds, circular mounds were constructed. In addition, bronze mirrors from mainland China and the "
223:). Zenpokoenfun are considered as palace carriages, and the rear circular parts are compared to car covers, while the front part is a shaft. In addition, Toshihara Yoichi, the director researcher of the Nara Prefectural Tsuwara Archaeology Institute, believes that the circular part is the part where the
682:. After death, they deified as the guardian deity of the Yamato royal power and also proposed that the construction of the large Zenpokoenfun had a deterrent effect on various regions. At the same time, in the second half of the 5th century, no large-scale Zenpokoenfun were constructed in areas such as
765:
shaped Zhou Hao tombs were also built on the periphery. These types of
Zenpokoenfun are not only numerous but also large in scale, representing the ancient tombs of Yutian Yumiaoshan. Subsequently, a longer front and rear circular tomb appeared, indicating that the ancient tomb was the Daisen Kofun.
268:
above it and a straight line below it, which was also different from the shape of the front and back circular tombs. Moreover, since the shield was flat, it could not explain the reason for the arch of the back circular part. Hamada later withdrew this statement on his own. In addition, the original
464:
In addition, there is a theory of combining two tombs. In 1906, Kenji Kiyono proposed that
Zenpokoenfun were developed separately from the main tomb and the accompanying tomb, and ultimately merged into one. Neil Gordon Monroe believed that Japanese people like triangles and created Zenpokoenfun by
399:
alone on a square and circular mixed altar built naturally according to the hilly terrain, offering sacrifices to the heavens and ancestors. It was pointed out that after the envoy returned to Japan, the front circular tomb suddenly appeared in the middle of the 3rd century. In addition, Yoshihiro
525:
were the same. Inside the coffin were jade and mirrors, while outside the coffin were a large number of triangular edge divine beast mirrors, iron weapons, agricultural and fishing tools, and so on. Regarding this, Taiichiro
Shiraishi believed that at that time, various forces in Kino, led by the
729:
during the same period. Ueno alone had 97, while in Kanto there were 216. As both Kino and
Oizhang decreased, Only the Kanto region continued to construct large Zenpokoenfun throughout the 6th century, indicating that the Yamato monarchy at that time relied heavily on the Eastern Kingdom in both
284:. William Gowland believed as early as 1897 that the front part was an altar, because the tomb chambers of Zenpokoenfun were all in the back circular part, while the front part was not, and fragments of ritual objects were occasionally unearthed on the surface of the front part.
921:, far surpassing Ueno in second place and Yoshibe in third place. At the same time, there are only 35 rear circular tombs located over 200 meters ahead, of which 32 are located in the city. The three exceptions are Zaoshan Kofun located in Jibei,
738:, as well as the establishment of the national manufacturing system, while the final Zenpokoenfun are believed to be Asama Mountain Kofun, and Rongmachi claims that tKofun were built in the first half of the 7th century.
432:
346:
and the gods and earth are only worshipped together. Therefore, the construction of the
Zenpokoenfun not only demonstrated authority both inside and outside but also made up for the lack of sacrificial functions of the
451:. It was pointed out that the Zenpokoenfun evolved from this tomb into a tombstone after winding towards the tombstone. Hiroshi Ishino believes that this circular tomb can be one of the origins of the Zenpokoenfun.
416:. At the same time, Mihara Moji and Suzuki both believed that the front and rear circular tombs were related to the Noin-Ula burial site. And it is advocated that Zenpokoenfun are derived from the Tianyuan place of
746:
Zenpokoenfun is divided into the front part, the back circular part, and the middle part. Du Chubi Lv Zhi believes that the front part originated from the protruding part of the tomb mound during the Yai Sheng era
263:
theory. Both were criticized by Sen Haoyi, who believed that the wide-mouthed earthenware had a far different shape from the early Zenpokoenfun. In fact, the shield unearthed from the early Kofun had a weak
1161:
Double tombs, also known as double round tombs or ladle-shaped tombs, as the name suggests, are ancient tombs formed by the combination of two round tombs, which are an uncommon form of ancient tombs in
542:" from the same period indicate that there was an exchange between the two countries at that time. Therefore, it is speculated that the early appearance of the Zenpokoenfun may have been influenced by
251:
There are multiple theories regarding the origin of Zenpokoenfun. Firstly, the term "imitation of objects" was used. In addition to the "palace chariot" term, which was no longer adopted during the
589:" mentioned that the Four Generals and Japanese Takezun and others had merged East Japan into the territory of the Japanese monarchy through multiple expeditions, he believed that it was actually
227:, and the front part is the part where the ox cart pulls. Yoichi Tsuwara, the director of the Tsuwara Burial Cultural Center in Nara Prefectural, sees the palace cart as a bronze chariot or a
546:
technology from mainland China, and the political and ideological influence is reflected in the joint construction of the Zenpokoenfun by various alliance members as proof of the alliance.
194:
At first, Zenpokoenfun did not have a specific name, but were named after objects that were around the people during that era. Therefore, they were also known as Chezun, Yaozi, Chajiu,
888:
709:
In the 6th century, the horizontal cave-style stone chamber of the Kinai system began to be popularized in Zenpokoenfun. At the same time, they began to appear in areas such as
303:
believes that the front part is the place where the coin bearer is used to declare his destiny above it, and Hamada Farming also mentioned this, pointing out that during the
872:
897:
According to Hirose Kazuo, there are a total of about 5200 Zenpokoenfun (including front and rear graves) in Japan, distributed in various parts of Japan outside
674:. The center of gravity of the Great King's Tomb shifted again in the 5th century to the ancient city tomb group and the hundred-tongued bird tomb group in the
355:
around the mounds as altars. Yukio Yamato also mentioned that during the 66th year of the Regency of Empress Jingū's reign (266 AD), when he sent envoys to pay
702:
at that time regarded himself as the king of the world, and his authority was reflected in the fact that only he continued to build large Zenpokoenfun in the
694:
gradually decreased. According to the inscriptions on Ji Ji, the iron sword unearthed from the Inawa Mountain Kofun, and the large sword unearthed from the
534:
formed an alliance, and obtained iron and various cultural relics from Korea by defeating forces such as Nukoku and the Ito Kingdoms, which controlled the
944:
and Okinawa. 306 graves are more than 100 meters long, and 36 graves are more than 200 meters long, while the prefecture with the most burial mounds is
439:
The fourth is related to the period of the Yai Sheng era, where Jin Guanshu believed that the Zenpokoenfun was originally a sacrificial site during the
206:
1299:
295:
and Rokuji Morimoto also agree with this statement and believe that the central details of the house-shaped disc wheel unearthed are reminiscent of
300:
840:
550:
474:
285:
259:
pot, with the back circular part being the pot and the front part being the wide spout. In addition, there is Hamada Farming who proposed the
315:. The most powerful statement to date is that the front section was referred to as the altar in a book written by Akira Chongmatsu in 1978.
334:
reign (239). As a result, it was necessary to build a tomb that met his identity, with the surrounding area coming from the circular mound
1715:
56:
when viewed from above. Therefore, they are also called keyhole-shaped mounds in English, and in Korean, they are called long drum tombs (
1270:
311:
and the birdhouse, should display this deep structure to bring a sense of solemnity. Therefore, the front part should be regarded as a
318:
The third theory is about the origin of the mainland. In 1926, Rokuji Morimoto proposed that Zenpokoenfun were modeled after tombs in
1800:
2045:
956:. At the same time, it is the northernmost front circular tomb in Japan, and the southernmost is the ancient tomb of Higashima in
577:
were mainly composed of front and rear tombs, which gradually became Zenpokoenfun two to three generations later. Regarding this,
367:
of the same year, he went to the front and back circular two layer altar built at Weisu Mountain (now Yusugu Dui, Yibin District,
2126:
338:
and the square mound dedicated to the earth. At the same time, Emperor Wu of Wei was also dedicated to the circular mound, while
213:(1808), which recorded: "Just like a palace carriage, the front and rear circular tombs are three stories high and surrounded by
2011:
1601:
1426:
1377:
1348:
1241:
128:. In addition, Korean archaeologist Jiang Renqiu believes that the Songhe Dong No. 1 Tomb (Wuyishan Mountain Kofun) located in
1984:
1210:
1928:
1558:
1531:
351:, such as circular mounds, square mounds, ancestral temples, etc. Later, it evolved into the creation and construction of
1574:
2229:
1626:
2110:
2085:
1957:
1901:
1877:
1850:
1755:
1674:
1507:
1483:
1032:
557:. Among them, tomb 5 is the earliest Kofun in Eastern Japan's history, indicating a possible connection between the
1134:
Yuan refers to two straight logs used to drive livestock in front of the car, one on the left and one on the right.
129:
1974:
666:
and the Ryuben Kofun, gradually shifted to the Daisen Kofun in the north. The large Zenpokoenfun of Dawa was the
408:
Han Tomb, and Tsuyoshi Shimamatsu criticized his claim, pointing out that they were closer to the double tombs in
2180:
662:
After the mid-4th century, the Dawa Tombs, originally centered around the Yamato Kofun in the southeast of the
597:
that formed an alliance in East Japan mainly consisting of rear graves in the past and that after the death of
1771:
957:
112:
with a total length of 525 meters. In addition to Japan, there are also the front and rear circular tombs in
1081:
1044:
877:
2155:
1307:
922:
431:
926:
549:
At the same time, there are also tombs 5, 4, and 3 of the Kamen Mun in the front of the Houyuan Tomb in
933:
360:
1143:
I think it's hard to imagine using palace chariots at the time, so this statement is not credible.
290:
601:, they lost the battle with the Yamatai Kingdom or negotiated peace under the leadership of the
2219:
1723:
667:
1076:
2234:
2214:
1278:
961:
725:. Among them, Ueno had a particularly large number of Zenpokoenfun, compared to only 39 in
703:
610:
413:
339:
145:
1808:
8:
985:
335:
2053:
964:. In addition, the only countries in the old system that did not have Zenpokoenfun were
1056:
993:
918:
902:
695:
614:
510:
502:
255:, Masahiko Shimada and Daiichi Harada believed that they had imitated the wide-mouthed
151:
2134:
726:
699:
2106:
2081:
2021:
1980:
1953:
1924:
1897:
1873:
1846:
1751:
1670:
1605:
1554:
1527:
1503:
1479:
941:
649:
543:
380:
272:
108:
as the center. Among them, the largest front and rear circular tomb in Japan are the
1434:
1385:
1356:
1249:
731:
687:
514:
949:
945:
937:
910:
758:
606:
494:
423:
352:
296:
185:
177:
1220:
574:
331:
92:. Generally, large Kofun are front and rear circular tombs, widely distributed in
1051:
953:
906:
855:
786:
710:
679:
625:
602:
562:
558:
554:
531:
490:
486:
458:
448:
444:
364:
348:
205:
The term "Zenpokoenfun" can be found in the "Annals of the Mountains" written by
718:
691:
570:
566:
199:
105:
2224:
1116:
Palace carriage refers to the vehicle used by the emperor and the royal family.
965:
914:
722:
714:
506:
395:. At the time of the Western Jin Dynasty, the suburban worship was held by the
392:
319:
121:
1580:
2208:
1068:
1027:
1020:
973:
735:
683:
578:
482:
478:
308:
181:
117:
77:
594:
1634:
1063:
969:
440:
265:
224:
67:
53:
1039:
1015:
905:. There are 302 graves over 100 meters long, of which 140 are located in
798:
675:
586:
522:
454:
342:
was dedicated to the square mound. The situation of Zenpokoenfun is that
256:
125:
113:
72:
774:
473:
After the mid-19th century, large-scale Zenpokoenfun began to appear in
19:
1990:
762:
671:
663:
637:
590:
535:
304:
172:
Collection of the Qin Shi Huang Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum (
109:
2188:
243:
936:
is 4764, which is distributed in all parts of Japan except Hokkaido,
405:
384:
252:
232:
1460:
1411:
1333:
1195:
898:
829:
539:
195:
46:, Kōen-bu). The part connecting the two is called the middle part (
1779:
66:, and it is also a form of the Kofun that appeared earlier in the
527:
498:
396:
388:
368:
356:
327:
97:
821:
598:
582:
518:
417:
323:
260:
228:
101:
93:
63:
2159:
721:, which were considered as bases for the establishment of the
1152:
The altar sign refers to the place where sacrifices are held.
754:
409:
401:
376:
372:
343:
312:
281:
210:
173:
31:
1455:
1406:
1328:
1190:
609:. Large Zenpokoenfun have also been built in places such as
948:, with a total of 693. The least distributed prefecture is
214:
160:
655:
Daisen Kofun in the Hundred Tongue Bird Ancient Tomb Group
561:
and the Yamatai Kingdom at that time. In the 4th century,
404:. Higuchi Takahiko believed that they originated from the
1215:
235:, Zenpokoenfun continued to be used as an academic term.
932:
On the other hand, the number given by the database of
280:
Secondly, there is the theory of the front part of the
30:
is an architectural model of Japanese ancient tombs (
810:
3D computer graphics of Kofun from different periods
513:. At the same time, there were also Zenpokoenfun in
420:, built on the basis of Han tombs such as Dahuting.
16:
Style of Ancient Japanese tomb resembling a keyhole
1125:Car cover refers to the umbrella cover on the car.
116:, as well as the front and rear circular tombs in
2206:
1006:
1502:(JapanKnowledge ed.). 吉川弘文館. 1988-09-01.
1478:(JapanKnowledge ed.). 吉川弘文館. 1988-09-01.
1089:
1000:
892:The northernmost and southernmost Zenpokoenfun
748:
218:
85:
47:
41:
35:
383:worshipping his father, Emperor Wen of Jin (
57:
330:by Emperor Ming of Wei in the 39th year of
1545:
1543:
34:), which consists of a square front part (
1579:(根岸武香|根岸武香|冑山文庫 ed.). Archived from
825:Distribution of tombs in the Kofun Period
132:Ancient Tomb Group, is the Zenpokoenfun.
62:, Janggobun) due to their resemblance to
2100:
828:
820:
453:
430:
422:
412:and, if they were closer, more like the
271:
242:
18:
1540:
1211:"What are these keyhole-shaped mounds?"
847:
690:, and the scale of the Zenpokoenfun in
2207:
1972:
1553:(JapanKnowledge ed.). 平凡社. 2014.
1526:(JapanKnowledge ed.). 平凡社. 2007.
387:), grandfather, Emperor Gaozu of Jin (
40:, Zenpō-bu) and a circular back part (
2072:
2070:
2040:
2038:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1915:
1913:
1864:
1862:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1742:
1740:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1602:"前方後円墳はなぜ「円」が「後ろ」？ 意外なあるモノの形が影響していた！"
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
792:Mid-Kofun period (Nakatsuyama Kofun)
322:. Nishijima Tsuyoshi advocated that
276:The stone chamber of Ishibutai Kofun
865:
13:
2067:
2035:
1937:
1910:
1859:
1822:
1737:
1683:
1648:
804:Late Kofun period (Danpusan Kofun)
780:Early Kofun period (Gosashi Kofun)
489:, the Kofun of Tsui Otsuzuyama in
14:
2246:
2080:(8 ed.). 吉川弘文館. 1987-10-01.
1174:
497:, the Kofun of Ujima Tezuyama in
427:Circular groove tomb at Seta Ruin
52:, Kubire-bu), which looks like a
2158:. 27 August 2019. Archived from
864:
846:
839:
797:
785:
773:
648:
636:
624:
505:, and the Kofun of Ishibutai in
159:
144:
130:Goseong County, South Gyeongsang
2173:
2148:
2119:
2094:
2004:
1966:
1886:
1793:
1772:"「鍵の穴」のような形の古墳は、なぜそのような形になったの？"
1764:
1708:
1619:
1594:
1567:
1516:
1492:
1468:
1448:
1419:
1168:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1128:
1119:
1110:
816:
581:pointed out that although the "
1843:古墳とヤマト政権 : 古代国家はいかに形成されたか
1399:
1370:
1341:
1321:
1292:
1263:
1234:
1203:
124:Ancient Tomb Group located in
1:
1099:
379:) to observe the ceremony of
1807:. 2016-05-12. Archived from
1778:. 2020-06-24. Archived from
1722:. 2017-04-20. Archived from
1604:. 2019-05-14. Archived from
1306:. 2003-09-17. Archived from
1277:. 2018-04-12. Archived from
1219:. 2019-10-03. Archived from
833:Distribution of Zenpokoenfun
741:
717:, Uji Province, and even in
481:include Kofun of Tokuchi in
135:
7:
1702:古墳と古代宗教 : 古代思想からみた古墳の形
1007:
979:
923:Tsukuriyama Kofun (Okayama)
10:
2251:
1801:"前方後円墳のルーツ発見か 奈良で弥生末期の円形墓"
631:Zuoji Dun Liegu Tomb Group
553:during the same period as
468:
2230:Cultural history of Japan
2101:熊野正也; 堀越正行 (2003-07-10).
1329:"前方後円墳型積石塚(つみいしづか)(北朝鮮の)"
1090:
1001:
952:, with only one, namely,
749:
238:
231:. Starting from the late
219:
86:
58:
48:
42:
36:
2012:
1975:
1104:
1008:yokoana-shiki sekishitsu
927:Tsukuriyama Kofun (Sōja)
643:Gushi Ancient Tomb Group
617:, and Chiba Prefecture.
1627:"文化財のお土産 誰が名付けた「前方後円」墳"
1271:"さらに４０ｍ大きかった…国内最大の大山古墳"
934:Nara Women's University
435:Makimuku Ishizuka Kofun
247:Candao of Yunda Society
209:in the 5th year of the
120:Ancient Tomb Group and
1896:. 吉川弘文館]. 2002-08-01.
1433:. 1996. Archived from
1384:. 1996. Archived from
1355:. 2012. Archived from
1248:. 1996. Archived from
834:
826:
668:Furuichi Kofun Cluster
461:
436:
428:
277:
248:
220:必象宮車。而使前方後圓。為壇三成。且環以溝。
24:
1952:. 吉川弘文館. 1995-08-20.
1669:. 雄山閣出版. 1994-03-04.
917:, Sezu Province, and
832:
824:
457:
434:
426:
275:
246:
166:Qin bronze chariot #1
90:, lit. circular type)
22:
1923:. 岩波書店. 2010-08-20.
1872:. 岩波書店. 2000-11-16.
1845:. 文藝春秋. 1999-04-20.
1750:. 青木書店. 1995-01-25.
1524:世界大百科事典 (日本)|世界大百科事典
1427:"고성송학동고분군(固城松鶴洞古墳群)"
1378:"자성송암리고분군(慈城松巖里古墳群)"
962:Kagoshima Prefecture
889:class=notpageimage|
704:Japanese archipelago
611:Yamanashi Prefecture
414:Noin-Ula burial site
340:Empress Dowager Bian
686:, Upper Maoye, and
336:sacrifice to Heaven
1704:. 學生社. 1978-05-15.
1476:國史大辭典 (昭和時代)|國史大辭典
958:Kimotsuki District
919:Yamashiro Province
835:
827:
696:Eta Funayama Kofun
615:Ibaraki Prefecture
511:Fukuoka Prefecture
503:Okayama Prefecture
462:
437:
429:
278:
249:
152:Qin bronze chariot
25:
1986:978-4-7877-1539-5
1976:最後の前方後円墳・龍角寺浅間山古墳
1300:"韓国全羅道地方の前方後円墳調査"
1064:Square-type kofun
929:located in Ueno.
544:civil engineering
530:Kingdom, and the
381:Emperor Wu of Jin
2242:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2187:. Archived from
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2133:. Archived from
2123:
2117:
2116:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2074:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2052:. Archived from
2042:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2020:. Archived from
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1989:. Archived from
1970:
1964:
1963:
1946:
1935:
1934:
1930:978-400-431264-2
1917:
1908:
1907:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1866:
1857:
1856:
1839:
1820:
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1797:
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1744:
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1731:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1681:
1680:
1663:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1633:. Archived from
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1560:978-458203-400-4
1547:
1538:
1537:
1533:978-458203-400-4
1520:
1514:
1513:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1472:
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1452:
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1417:
1416:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1349:"운평리고분군(雲坪里古墳群)"
1345:
1339:
1338:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1296:
1290:
1289:
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1123:
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1085:
1072:
1060:
1048:
1036:
1024:
1012:
1010:
1004:
1003:
997:
950:Iwate Prefecture
946:Chiba Prefecture
911:Kawachi Province
881:
868:
867:
858:
850:
849:
843:
801:
789:
777:
752:
751:
652:
640:
628:
607:Gunma Prefecture
495:Kyoto Prefecture
353:Jongmyo (shrine)
294:
222:
221:
186:Lintong District
178:Shaanxi Province
163:
148:
91:
89:
88:
81:
61:
60:
51:
50:
45:
44:
39:
38:
2250:
2249:
2245:
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2240:
2239:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2194:
2192:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2165:
2163:
2156:"塚崎51号墳（花牟礼古墳）"
2154:
2153:
2149:
2140:
2138:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2113:
2099:
2095:
2088:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2059:
2057:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2027:
2025:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1996:
1994:
1987:
1977:
1973:白井 久美子 (2016).
1971:
1967:
1960:
1948:
1947:
1938:
1931:
1919:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1880:
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1376:
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1371:
1362:
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1342:
1327:
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1322:
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1311:
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1240:
1239:
1235:
1226:
1224:
1209:
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1204:
1189:
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1175:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1087:
1079:
1066:
1054:
1052:Octagonal Kofun
1042:
1030:
1018:
998:
991:
982:
954:Tsunozuka Kofun
907:Yamato Province
895:
894:
893:
891:
885:
884:
883:
882:
875:
869:
861:
860:
859:
856:Tsunozuka Kofun
854:
851:
819:
814:
813:
812:
811:
807:
806:
805:
802:
794:
793:
790:
782:
781:
778:
744:
727:Kōzuke Province
711:Settsu Province
700:Emperor Yūryaku
680:Yamato Kingship
660:
659:
658:
657:
656:
653:
645:
644:
641:
633:
632:
629:
603:Yamato Kingship
593:located in the
563:Hokuriku region
559:Kazusa Province
555:Ishibutai Kofun
532:Seto Inland Sea
487:Nara Prefecture
471:
459:Hashihaka Kofun
449:Nara Prefecture
365:winter solstice
359:to the Western
349:Yamato Kingship
326:was crowned as
297:ancestral halls
288:
241:
207:Pusheng Junping
192:
191:
190:
189:
169:
168:
167:
164:
156:
155:
149:
138:
83:
75:
70:along with the
17:
12:
11:
5:
2248:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2202:
2201:
2172:
2147:
2118:
2111:
2093:
2086:
2066:
2034:
2013:浅間山古墳（各観光施設紹介）
2003:
1985:
1965:
1958:
1936:
1929:
1909:
1902:
1885:
1878:
1858:
1851:
1821:
1792:
1763:
1756:
1736:
1707:
1682:
1675:
1647:
1618:
1593:
1566:
1559:
1539:
1532:
1515:
1508:
1491:
1484:
1467:
1464:(in Japanese).
1447:
1418:
1415:(in Japanese).
1398:
1369:
1340:
1337:(in Japanese).
1320:
1291:
1262:
1242:"전방후원분(前方後圓墳)"
1233:
1202:
1199:(in Japanese).
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1154:
1145:
1136:
1127:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1077:Zenpō-kōhō-fun
1073:
1061:
1049:
1037:
1028:Hotategai-gata
1025:
1013:
986:Corridor-type
981:
978:
966:Awaji Province
915:Izumi Province
901:, Tohoku, and
887:
886:
871:
870:
863:
862:
853:
852:
845:
844:
838:
837:
836:
818:
815:
809:
808:
803:
796:
795:
791:
784:
783:
779:
772:
771:
770:
769:
768:
757:, or edges of
743:
740:
732:Prince Shōtoku
723:Emperor Keitai
715:Owari Province
688:Hyūga Province
654:
647:
646:
642:
635:
634:
630:
623:
622:
621:
620:
619:
515:Chūgoku region
477:. Examples of
470:
467:
393:Wufang Shangdi
320:mainland China
301:Kita Sadakichi
240:
237:
171:
170:
165:
158:
157:
150:
143:
142:
141:
140:
139:
137:
134:
122:Chasong County
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2247:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2220:Ancient Japan
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2191:on 2020-11-01
2190:
2186:
2182:
2181:"前方後円墳データベース"
2176:
2162:on 2020-10-29
2161:
2157:
2151:
2137:on 2020-10-29
2136:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2114:
2112:4-490-10627-0
2108:
2104:
2097:
2089:
2087:4-642-00508-0
2083:
2079:
2073:
2071:
2056:on 2016-09-02
2055:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2024:on 2021-05-24
2023:
2019:
2015:
2007:
1993:on 2020-08-10
1992:
1988:
1982:
1978:
1969:
1961:
1959:4-642-02147-7
1955:
1951:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1932:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1914:
1905:
1903:4-642-07785-5
1899:
1895:
1889:
1881:
1879:4-006-00033-2
1875:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1854:
1852:4-16660-036-2
1848:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1811:on 2020-11-08
1810:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1782:on 2020-10-19
1781:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1759:
1757:4-250-95000-X
1753:
1749:
1743:
1741:
1726:on 2021-05-24
1725:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1703:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1678:
1676:4-63901-214-4
1672:
1668:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1637:on 2020-10-20
1636:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1608:on 2020-10-23
1607:
1603:
1597:
1583:on 2020-02-14
1582:
1578:
1577:
1570:
1562:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1544:
1535:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1511:
1509:4-642-00509-9
1505:
1501:
1495:
1487:
1485:4-642-00509-9
1481:
1477:
1471:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1451:
1437:on 2020-10-16
1436:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1402:
1388:on 2021-05-13
1387:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1359:on 2020-10-18
1358:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1324:
1310:on 2016-03-06
1309:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1281:on 2018-04-12
1280:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1252:on 2021-09-06
1251:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1223:on 2020-11-16
1222:
1218:
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1198:
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1186:
1184:
1182:
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1113:
1109:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1070:
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1046:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1009:
995:
990:
989:
984:
983:
977:
975:
974:Sado Province
971:
967:
963:
959:
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951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
930:
928:
924:
920:
916:
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904:
900:
890:
879:
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857:
842:
831:
823:
800:
788:
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767:
764:
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756:
739:
737:
736:Soga no Umako
733:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
684:Kibi Province
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
651:
639:
627:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
579:Yamato Takeru
576:
575:Tōhoku region
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
551:Eastern Japan
547:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
479:Kansai region
476:
475:Western Japan
466:
460:
456:
452:
450:
446:
442:
433:
425:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
363:, during the
362:
358:
354:
350:
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:Empress Jingū
329:
325:
321:
316:
314:
310:
309:Shinto shrine
306:
302:
298:
292:
287:
286:Umehara Sueji
283:
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147:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
118:Chosan County
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
82:
79:
74:
69:
65:
55:
33:
29:
21:
2235:Kofun period
2215:Zenpokoenfun
2193:. Retrieved
2189:the original
2184:
2175:
2164:. Retrieved
2160:the original
2150:
2139:. Retrieved
2135:the original
2130:
2121:
2102:
2096:
2077:
2058:. Retrieved
2054:the original
2049:
2026:. Retrieved
2022:the original
2017:
2006:
1995:. Retrieved
1991:the original
1968:
1949:
1920:
1893:
1888:
1869:
1842:
1813:. Retrieved
1809:the original
1804:
1795:
1784:. Retrieved
1780:the original
1775:
1766:
1747:
1728:. Retrieved
1724:the original
1719:
1716:"洛阳:伊阙龙门大禹威"
1710:
1701:
1666:
1639:. Retrieved
1635:the original
1630:
1621:
1610:. Retrieved
1606:the original
1596:
1585:. Retrieved
1581:the original
1575:
1569:
1550:
1523:
1518:
1499:
1494:
1475:
1470:
1459:
1450:
1439:. Retrieved
1435:the original
1430:
1421:
1410:
1407:"前方後円墳(韓国の)"
1401:
1390:. Retrieved
1386:the original
1381:
1372:
1361:. Retrieved
1357:the original
1352:
1343:
1332:
1323:
1312:. Retrieved
1308:the original
1303:
1294:
1283:. Retrieved
1279:the original
1274:
1265:
1254:. Retrieved
1250:the original
1245:
1236:
1225:. Retrieved
1221:the original
1214:
1205:
1194:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1112:
1075:
987:
970:Izu Province
931:
896:
817:Distribution
745:
719:Kantō region
708:
692:Gokishichidō
661:
571:Tōkai region
567:Kantō region
548:
472:
463:
441:Yayoi period
438:
317:
279:
266:circular arc
250:
225:bullock cart
204:
200:Kantō region
193:
106:Gokishichidō
71:
68:Kofun period
28:Zenpokoenfun
27:
26:
1748:前方後円墳と弥生墳丘墓
1080: [
1067: [
1055: [
1043: [
1040:Joenkahofun
1031: [
1019: [
992: [
876: [
763:horse hoofs
676:Osaka Plain
587:Nihon Shoki
361:Jin Dynasty
289: [
257:earthenware
126:North Korea
114:South Korea
76: [
23:Zenpokoefun
2209:Categories
2195:2020-10-26
2166:2020-10-26
2141:2020-10-26
2060:2020-10-26
2028:2020-10-22
1997:2020-10-22
1894:東国の古墳と大和政権
1815:2020-10-16
1786:2020-10-16
1730:2020-10-15
1641:2020-10-15
1612:2020-10-14
1587:2020-10-14
1441:2020-10-13
1392:2020-10-13
1363:2020-10-13
1314:2020-10-13
1285:2020-10-13
1256:2020-10-13
1227:2020-10-13
1169:References
1100:References
672:Mozu Tombs
664:Nara Basin
595:Nōbi Plain
591:Kununokuni
536:Genkai Sea
523:grave gods
305:Edo period
182:Xi'an City
110:Mozu Tombs
2046:"前方後円墳解説"
1776:栃木縣埋藏文化中心
1667:古墳時代寿陵の研究
742:Structure
445:Kashihara
406:Mawangdui
385:Sima Zhao
253:Meiji era
233:Meiji era
136:Etymology
2103:考古学を知る事典
2050:前方後圓墳研究會
1921:前方後円墳の世界
1870:古墳の語る古代史
1461:Kotobank
1431:韓國學中央研究院
1412:Kotobank
1382:韓國學中央研究院
1353:韓國學中央研究院
1334:Kotobank
1246:韓國學中央研究院
1196:Kotobank
980:See also
899:Hokkaido
540:Wajinden
491:Kizugawa
196:Calabash
2185:奈良女子大學]
1631:文化遺產的世界
1551:世界大百科事典
1191:"前方後円墳"
903:Okinawa
585:" and "
528:Yamatai
499:Okayama
483:Sakurai
469:History
397:emperor
391:), and
389:Sima Yi
369:Luoyang
357:tribute
328:Cao Rui
98:Shikoku
54:keyhole
2127:"角塚古墳"
2109:
2084:
1983:
1956:
1927:
1900:
1876:
1849:
1754:
1673:
1557:
1530:
1506:
1482:
1162:Japan.
972:, and
942:Aomori
925:, and
759:tables
755:ridges
599:Himiko
583:Kojiki
519:Kyushu
418:Taoism
324:Himiko
261:shield
239:Origin
229:hearse
102:Kyushu
100:, and
94:Honshu
64:Janggu
2225:Tombs
2078:国史大辞典
1500:國史大辭典
1304:國學院大學
1105:Notes
1091:前方後方墳
1084:]
1071:]
1059:]
1047:]
1035:]
1023:]
1016:Empun
1002:横穴式石室
996:]
988:kofun
938:Akita
880:]
873:花牟禮古墳
750:張り出し部
507:Kanda
410:Silla
402:Korea
377:China
373:Henan
344:Okimi
313:Torii
293:]
282:altar
211:Bunka
174:China
104:with
80:]
73:enpun
32:Kofun
2131:[奧州市
2107:ISBN
2082:ISBN
1981:ISBN
1954:ISBN
1925:ISBN
1898:ISBN
1874:ISBN
1847:ISBN
1805:朝日新聞
1752:ISBN
1671:ISBN
1555:ISBN
1528:ISBN
1504:ISBN
1480:ISBN
1456:"車塚"
1275:讀賣新聞
734:and
670:and
573:and
517:and
215:Moat
49:くびれ部
1720:紹興市
1576:山陵志
1216:BBC
217:" (
59:장고분
43:後円部
37:前方部
2211::
2183:.
2129:.
2105:.
2069:^
2048:.
2037:^
2018:榮町
2016:.
1979:.
1950:古墳
1939:^
1912:^
1861:^
1824:^
1803:.
1774:.
1739:^
1718:.
1685:^
1650:^
1629:.
1542:^
1458:.
1429:.
1409:.
1380:.
1351:.
1331:.
1302:.
1273:.
1244:.
1213:.
1193:.
1176:^
1082:ja
1069:ja
1057:ja
1045:ja
1033:ja
1021:ja
1005:,
994:ja
976:.
968:,
960:,
940:,
913:,
909:,
878:ja
713:,
706:.
698:,
613:,
569:,
565:,
509:,
501:,
493:,
485:,
447:,
375:,
371:,
299:.
291:ja
202:.
184:,
180:,
176:,
154:#2
96:,
87:円墳
78:ja
2198:.
2169:.
2144:.
2115:.
2090:.
2063:.
2031:.
2000:.
1962:.
1933:.
1906:.
1882:.
1855:.
1818:.
1789:.
1760:.
1733:.
1679:.
1644:.
1615:.
1590:.
1563:.
1536:.
1512:.
1488:.
1444:.
1395:.
1366:.
1317:.
1288:.
1259:.
1230:.
1094:)
1088:(
1011:)
999:(
747:(
188:)
84:(
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