311:), the army started constructing a fortified camp, but the Xiongnu attacked them. After driving off the Xiongnu with crossbows, they secured their camp and advanced on the enemy city with a shield and spear formation in front and crossbowmen behind. The crossbowmen rained down on the defenders manning the walls until they fled, then the spearmen drained the moat and started stacking firewood against the palisade. A Kangju relief force made several attacks on the Han position at night, delaying the assault and allowing the defenders to repair their walls. When the Han army attacked, the city fell with ease and Zhizhi Chanyu was killed and decapitated. Zhizhi's head was then brought to
50:
223:
In 56 BCE Hutuwusi, elder brother of
Huhanye, revolted, called himself Zhizhi Chanyu, and drove Huhanye out of the royal domain. As Zhizhi grew more powerful, Huhanye moved south and submitted to the Chinese (53 BCE). Huhanye then used Chinese support to strengthen himself against his elder brother.
306:
against the
Xiongnu and their Kangju allies. They reached Wusun territory and then advanced on Kangju. A Kangju raiding party attacked them and took their wagons, but a counterattack drove off their forces, and the Han army was able to recover their supply train. Upon reaching Kangju (around modern
228:
favored
Huhanye. Growing weaker, in 49 BCE Zhizhi began moving west in the hope of reconstituting his empire. In the same year, Yilimu, a brother of Woyuanqudi, declared himself chanyu and was killed by Zhizhi. He successfully fought the
264:
and led his entire tribe westward. They suffered greatly from cold and only 3,000 people reached Kangju (it is not clear if this was the whole population or counts only fighting men).
322:
During the battle, an infantry unit on the Kangju side used a formation described as having the appearance of fish scales, which has caused speculation that they were Greek
256:. The Han court returned his hostage son. For unknown reasons, Zhizhi murdered the envoy who accompanied his son. He made a marriage alliance with the rulers of
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275:. Later he quarreled with the Kangju, killed several hundred of them and forced the Kangju people to build him a fortress on the Dulaishui River (possibly the
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375:
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406:
177:
17:
539:. Language and Linguistics Monograph Series (53). Taipei, Taiwan: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica.
367:
Ancient
Mysteries: Discover the latest intriguiging, Scientifically sound explanations to Age-old puzzles
559:
Yap, Joseph P, (2019). The
Western Regions, Xiongnu and Han, from the Shiji, Hanshu and Hou Hanshu.
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began to fear that Zhizhi was planning to build a large empire and launched a preemptive attack.
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398:
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Studies in
Chinese and Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Dialect, Phonology, Transcription and Text
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316:
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216:. In 58 BCE, Huhanye, a younger son of Xulüquanqu, revolted and made himself chanyu.
287:. It is not clear why Zhizhi would want a fortress since the great advantage of the
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Zhizhi tried to offer tribute to the
Chinese and sent his son as hostage, but the
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131:
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195:
530:"Phonological Notes on Hàn Period Transcriptions of Foreign Names and Words"
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486:"Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times"
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168:, who held the north and west in contention with his younger brother
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who held the south. His original name in
Chinese transcription was
49:
521:
A Biographical
Dictionary of the Qin, Former Han, and Xin Periods
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488:, vol. 1, Sankt Petersburg, 1851, reprint Moscow-Leningrad, 1950
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In 44 BCE he was reported to be on the north slope of the
212:, died in 60 BCE, power was seized by a distant relative,
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was their mobile cavalry. The
Chinese commander of the
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from the Kingdom of Dayuan. Evidence is inconclusive.
245:(these last two are on the southern edge of Siberia).
442:
430:
415:
571:
547:, Science, Moscow, 1968, p. 31 (In Russian)
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466:. AuthorHouse, Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.A.
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302:and Gan Yanshou led a force of 40,000 into
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461:Wars With The Xiongnu, A Translation from
48:
237:and made his capital in the lands of the
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448:
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14:
572:
518:
509:
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397:. Rutgers University Press. pp.
384:
364:James, Peter; Thorpe, Nick (2007).
55:Domain and influence of the Xiongnu
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512:Military Culture in Imperial China
496:, The University of Michigan Press
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283:). He also extracted tribute from
25:
596:
553:Imperial Chinese Military History
164:at the time of the first Xiongnu
494:The Rise of the Chinese Empire 1
370:. Random House. pp. 375–6.
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220:committed suicide soon after.
190:
181:
152:; died 36 BCE), also known as
126:
13:
1:
503:Ancient China and Its Enemies
341:
545:"Materials on Sünnu history"
505:, Cambridge University Press
7:
551:Whiting, Marvin C. (2002),
329:
10:
601:
514:, Harvard University Press
528:Schuessler, Axel (2014).
510:Cosmo, Nicola di (2009),
501:Cosmo, Nicola Di (2002),
394:The Empire of the Steppes
117:
97:
85:
77:
69:
61:
47:
37:
32:
492:Chang, Chun-shu (2007),
298:In 36 BCE, Han generals
233:, gained control of the
205:When Hutuwusi's father,
519:Loewe, Michael (2000),
459:Yap, Joseph P. (2009).
391:Grousset, Rene (1970).
354:Schuessler 2014, p. 277
241:who may have been the
267:In alliance with the
555:, Writers Club Press
198:of the East (of the
317:Emperor Yuan of Han
194:), i.e. one of the
65:c. 55–36 BCE
474:, Chapters 10–12.
472:978-1-4490-0604-4
377:978-0-307-41460-1
315:and presented to
271:he plundered the
110:Zhizhi or Chi-Chi
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73:Several claimants
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16:(Redirected from
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479:Further reading
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293:Western Regions
243:Yenisei Kirghiz
191:Luándī Hūtúwúsī
174:Luandi Hutuwusi
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565:978-1792829154
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463:Zizhi tongjian
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196:Worthy Princes
162:Xiongnu Empire
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18:Zhizhi Chanyu
580:36 BC deaths
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281:Talas River
226:Han dynasty
144:(58 BCE): *
142:Old Chinese
92:Modu Chanyu
70:Predecessor
574:Categories
425:Loewe 2000
342:References
252:in modern
207:Xulüquanqu
132:Wade–Giles
102:Xulüquanqu
300:Chen Tang
277:Ili River
250:Tian Shan
218:Woyanqudi
214:Woyanqudi
166:civil war
137:Chih-chih
78:Successor
330:See also
324:Hoplites
313:Chang'an
254:Xinjiang
235:Dingling
156:, was a
146:tśit-kie
33:Hutuwusi
585:Chanyus
523:, Brill
289:Xiongnu
279:or the
239:Jiankun
202:clan).
178:Chinese
170:Huhanye
160:of the
154:Jzh-jzh
140:, from
114:Chinese
87:Dynasty
39:Zhizhi
563:
470:
405:
374:
304:battle
285:Dayuan
269:Kangju
258:Kangju
210:Chanyu
200:Luandi
188::
186:pinyin
182:攣鞮呼屠吾斯
180::
158:chanyu
150:tit-ke
148:< *
134::
127:Zhìzhī
124::
122:pinyin
116::
98:Father
41:Chanyu
533:(PDF)
399:37–38
336:Huyan
309:Taraz
273:Wusun
260:near
231:Wusun
62:Reign
561:ISBN
468:ISBN
403:ISBN
372:ISBN
81:None
576::
535:.
417:^
401:.
319:.
184:;
130:;
120:;
118:郅支
411:.
380:.
176:(
112:(
20:)
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