Lu Xun - Knowledge

1720:. At first Lu was skeptical that his writing could serve any social purpose. He told Qian: "Imagine an iron house without windows, absolutely indestructible, with many people fast asleep inside who will soon die of suffocation. But you know since they will die in their sleep, they will not feel the pain of death. Now if you cry aloud to wake a few of the lighter sleepers, making those unfortunate few suffer the agony of irrevocable death, do you think you are doing them a good turn?" Qian replied, "But if a few awake, you can't say that there is no hope of destroying the iron house." Shortly afterwards, in 1918 Lu wrote the first short story published in his name, "Diary of a Madman", for the April 2, 1918 magazine issue. 1292: 6440: 2079:, he quoted Lu out of context to tell his audience to be "a willing ox" like Lu Xun was, but told writers and artists who believed in freedom of expression that, because CCP areas were already liberated, they did not need to be like Lu Xun. After the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, CCP literary theorists portrayed his work as orthodox examples of communist literature, yet every one of Lu's close disciples from the 1930s was purged. Mao admitted that, had Lu survived until the 1950s, he would "either have gone silent or gone to prison". 2225: 2018: 6452: 1609: 2059: 1751:

separate house. Neither Lu nor Zuoren ever publicly explained the reason for their disagreement, but Zuoren's wife later accused Lu of making sexual advances towards her. Some writers have speculated that their relationship may have worsened as a result of issues related to money, that Lu walked in on Zuoren's wife bathing, or that Lu had an inappropriate "relationship" with Zuoren's wife in Japan that Zuoren later discovered. After the falling out with Zuoren, Lu became depressed.

2010: 383: 1534:, but remained there for less than two years. He generally found his studies at the school tedious and difficult, partially due to his imperfect Japanese. While studying in Sendai he befriended one of his professors, Fujino Genkurō, who helped him prepare class notes. Because of their friendship Lu was accused by his classmates of receiving special assistance from Fujino. Lu later recalled his mentor affectionately in the essay "Mr Fujino", published in 2083: 2002: 1542: 1651:, Lu gained a position at the national Ministry of Education. He was hired in Nanjing, but then moved with the ministry to Beijing, where he lived from 1912 to 1926. At first, his work consisted almost completely of copying books, but he was later appointed Section Head of the Social Education Division, and eventually to the position of Assistant Secretary. Two of his major accomplishments in office were the renovation and expansion of the 6464: 1926: 4726: 4745: 72: 6476: 1990: 6488: 1904: 2251:. His disillusionment with politics led him to conclude in 1927 that "revolutionary literature" alone could not bring about radical change. Rather, "revolutionary men" needed to lead a revolution using force. In the end, he experienced profound disappointment with the new Nationalist government, which he viewed as ineffective and even harmful to China. 1895:, despite a poor English translation and annotations that were nearly double the size of the text. Lu rejected the possibility of accepting the nomination. Later, he renounced writing fiction or poetry in response to China's deteriorating political situation and his own poor emotional state, and restricted himself to writing argumentative essays. 1571:

expressions revealed all too clearly that spiritually they were calloused and numb. According to the caption, the Chinese whose hands were bound had been spying on the Japanese military for the Russians. He was about to be decapitated as a 'public example.' The other Chinese gathered around him had come to enjoy the spectacle.

1600:, but the book sold only 41 copies of the 1,500 copies that were printed. The publication failed for many reasons: it was only sold in Tokyo, which did not have a large Chinese population, and in a single silk shop in Shanghai. Additionally, Lu wrote in Literary Chinese, which was very difficult for ordinary people to read. 1949:, but shortly after he moved to Shanghai other leftist writers accused him of being "an evil feudal remnant", the "best spokesman of the bourgeoisie", and "a counterrevolutionary split personality". The League continued in various forms until 1936, when the constant disputes among its members led the CCP to dissolve it. 2120:. As a left-wing writer, Lu played an important role in the development of modern Chinese literature. His books were and remain highly influential and popular today, both in China and internationally. Lu Xun's works appear in high school textbooks in both China and Japan. He is known to Japanese by the name Rojin ( 2029:

From June to August, he was again sick, and his weight dropped to only 83 pounds (38 kg). He recovered somewhat, and wrote two essays in the fall reflecting on mortality. These included "Death", and "This Too Is Life". A month before his death, he wrote: "Hold the funeral quickly... do not stage

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After moving to Shanghai, Lu rejected all regular teaching positions (though he sometimes gave guest lectures at different campuses), and for the first time was able to make a living solely as a professional writer, with a monthly income of roughly 500 yuan. He was also appointed by the government as

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Lu spent these years in traditional Chinese literary pursuits: collecting old books, researching pre-modern Chinese fiction, reconstructing ancient tombstone inscriptions, and compiling the history of his native town, Shaoxing. He explained to an old friend that his activities were not "scholarship",

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In 1902, Lu Xun left for Japan on a Qing government scholarship to pursue an education in foreign medicine. After arriving in Japan he attended the Kobun Institute, a preparatory language school for Chinese students attending Japanese universities. After encouragement from a classmate, he cut off his

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In 1911 he returned to Japan to retrieve his brother, Zuoren, so that Zuoren could help with the family finances. Zuoren wanted to remain in Japan to study French, but Lu wrote that "French... does not fill stomachs". He encouraged another one of his brothers, Jianren, to become a botanist. He began

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In June 1906, Lu's mother heard a rumor that he had married a Japanese girl and had a child with her, and feigned illness as a pretext to ask Lu to return home, where she would then force him to take part in an arranged marriage she had agreed to several years before. The girl, Zhu An, had little in

2314:—a book by Jon Eugene von Kowallis (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1996) – includes a complete introduction to Lu Xun's poetry in the classical style, with Chinese characters, literal and verse translations, and a biographical introduction which summarizes his life in relation to his poetry. 2242:

Lu Xun felt that the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 had been a failure. In 1925 he opined, "I feel the so-called Republic of China has ceased to exist. I feel that, before the revolution, I was a slave, but shortly after the revolution, I have been cheated by slaves and have become their slave." He even

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Lu Xun is typically regarded by Mao Zedong as the most influential Chinese writer who was associated with the May Fourth Movement. He produced harsh criticism of social problems in China, particularly in his analysis of the "Chinese national character". He was sometimes called a "champion of common

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Lu Xun was a versatile writer. He wrote using both traditional Chinese conventions and 19th century European literary forms. His style has been described in equally broad terms, conveying both "sympathetic engagement" and "ironic detachment" at different moments. Particularly in his early novellas,

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At 3:30 am on the morning of 18 October 1936, the author woke having great difficulty breathing. Dr. Sudo, his physician, was summoned, and Lu Xun was given injections to relieve the pain. His wife was with him throughout that night. Lu Xun died at 5:11 am the next morning, 19 October. Lu's remains

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Lu was a heavy smoker, which may have contributed to the deterioration of his health throughout his last year. By 1936 he had developed chronic tuberculosis, and in March of that year he was stricken with bronchial asthma and a fever. The treatment for this involved draining 300 grams of fluid

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in Japan, but later dropped out. He became interested in studying literature but was eventually forced to return to China because of his family's lack of funds. After returning to China, Lu worked for several years teaching at local secondary schools and colleges before finally finding an office at

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in 1898, but then abandoned pursuing a traditional Confucian education or career. He intended to study at a prestigious school, the "Seeking Affirmation Academy", in Hangzhou, but was forced by his family's poverty to instead study at the "Jiangnan Naval Academy", a tuition-free military school in

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During the Cultural Revolution, the CCP both hailed Lu Xun as one of the fathers of communism in China, yet ironically suppressed the very intellectual culture and style of writing that he represented. Some of his essays and writings are now part of the primary school and middle school compulsory

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In January 1931, the Kuomintang passed new, stricter censorship laws, allowing for writers producing literature deemed "endangering the public" or "disturbing public order" to be imprisoned for life or executed. Later that month he went into hiding. In early February, less than a month later, the

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In 1929, he visited his mother, and reported that she was pleased at the news of Guangping's pregnancy. Xu Guangping gave birth to a son named Haiying on 27 September. She was in labor with the baby for 27 hours. The child's name meant simply "Shanghai infant". His parents chose the name thinking

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At the time, I hadn't seen any of my fellow Chinese in a long time, but one day some of them showed up in a slide. One, with his hands tied behind him, was in the middle of the picture; the others were gathered around him. Physically, they were as strong and healthy as anyone could ask, but their

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After the affair, Zhou Boyi was stripped of his position in the government and forbidden to ever again write the civil service examinations. The Zhou family only prevented Lu's grandfather from being executed through regular, expensive bribes to authorities, until he was finally released in 1901.

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In 1919, Lu moved his family from Shaoxing to a large compound in Beijing, where he lived with his mother, his two brothers, and their Japanese wives. This living arrangement lasted until 1923, when Lu had a falling out with his brother, Zuoren, after which Lu moved with his wife and mother to a

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In March 1906, Lu Xun abruptly and secretly terminated his pursuit of the degree and left college. At the time he told no one. After arriving in Tokyo he made sure that the Chinese embassy would not cancel his scholarship and registered at the local German Institute, but was not required to take

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His essays are often very incisive in his societal commentary, and in his stories his mastery of the vernacular language and tone make some of his literary works (like "The True Story of Ah Q") hard to convey through translation. In them, he frequently treads a fine line between criticizing the

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Lu intended to study in Germany in 1909, but did not have sufficient funds, and was forced to return home. Between 1909 and 1911 he held a number of brief teaching positions at local colleges and secondary schools that he felt were unsatisfying, partly to support his brother Zuoren's studies in

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After the family's attempt at bribery was discovered, Zhou Boyi engaged in heavy drinking and opium use and his health declined. Local Chinese doctors attempted to cure him through a series of expensive quack prescriptions, including monogamous crickets, sugar cane that had survived frost three

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Lu Xun's importance to modern Chinese literature lies in the fact that he contributed significantly to nearly every modern literary medium during his lifetime. He wrote in a clear lucid style, which was to influence many generations, in stories, prose poems and essays. Lu Xun's two short story

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used in the classroom also featured news items. One news slide showed a public execution of a Chinese prisoner being executed by the Japanese military for being an alleged Russian spy. The on-lookers shown in the slide were mainly Chinese, and Lu was shocked by what he viewed as their complete

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Party leaders depicted him as "drawing the blueprint of the communist future" and Mao Zedong defined him as the "chief commander of China's Cultural Revolution," although Lu did not join the party. During the 1920s and 1930s Lu Xun and his contemporaries often met informally for free-wheeling

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print in China. After encountering new printmaking techniques in Japan, Lu embraced the art form, envisioning it as a medium to promote social change and "an alternative socialist road to art." Through writings, lectures, and woodcut print publications, Lu Xun was instrumental in inspiring a

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literature takes. Gloria Davies compares Lu Xun to Nietzsche, saying that both were "trapped in the construction of a modernity which is fundamentally problematic". According to Leonardo Vittorio Arena, Lu Xun cultivated an ambiguous standpoint towards Nietzsche, a mixture of attraction and

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Finally, Lu Xun's satirical and ironic writing style itself was discouraged, ridiculed, then as often as possible destroyed. In 1942, Mao wrote that "the style of the essay should not simply be like Lu Xun's. we can shout at the top of our voices and have no need for veiled and round-about

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In the 20 years after the 1911 revolution there was a flowering of literary activity with dozens of journals. The goal was to reform the Chinese language to make universal education possible. Lu Xun was an active participant. His greatest works, such as "Diary of a Madman" and

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By the time Lu Xun was born, the Zhou family had been prosperous for centuries, and had become wealthy through landowning, pawnbroking, and by having several family members promoted to government positions. His paternal grandfather, Zhou Fuqing, was appointed to the Imperial

1427:, his mother wept, he was instructed to change his name to avoid disgracing his family, and some of his relatives began to look down on him. Lu attended the Jiangnan Naval Academy for half a year, and left after it became clear that he would be assigned to work in an 1588:. Lu Xun married her, but they never had a romantic relationship. Despite that fact, Lu took care of her material needs for the rest of his life. Several days after the ceremony Lu sailed back to Japan with his younger brother, Zuoren, and left behind his new wife. 1442:

and Railways", and graduated from that school in 1902. The school was Lu's first exposure to foreign literature, philosophy, history, and science, and he studied English and German intensively. Some of the influential authors that he read during that period include

1858:. His first act in his position was to hire Xu as his personal assistant, as well as Xu Shoushang, one of his old classmates from Japan, as a lecturer. While in Guangzhou, he edited numerous poems and books for publication, and served as a guest lecturer at 1494:

in his free time. He had an ambiguous attitude towards Chinese revolutionary politics during the period, and it is not clear whether he joined any of the revolutionary parties that were popular among Chinese expatriates in Japan at that time, such as the

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After the publication of "Diary of a Madman", the story was praised for its anti-traditionalism, its synthesis of Chinese and foreign conventions and ideas, and its skillful narration, and Lu became recognized as one of the leading writers of the

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exam). In 1893 Zhou Boyi was discovered attempting to bribe an examination official. Lu Xun's grandfather was implicated, and was arrested and sentenced to beheading for his son's crime. The sentence was later commuted, and he was imprisoned in

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After leaving the school, Lu sat for the lowest level of the civil service exams, and finished 137th of 500. He intended to sit for the next-highest level, but became upset when one of his younger brothers died, and abandoned his plans.

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Because of his leftist political involvement and the role his works played in the subsequent history of the People's Republic of China, Lu Xun's works were banned in Taiwan until the late 1980s. He was among the early supporters of the

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After returning to Japan he took informal classes in literature and history, published several essays in student-run journals, and in 1907 he briefly took Russian lessons. He attempted to found a literary journal with his brother,

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in which Part One included seven of Lu Xun's stories and a short biography based on Snow's talks with Lu Xun. However, there was not a complete translation of the fiction until the four-volume set of his writings, which included

1596:, but before its first publication its other writers and its financial backers all abandoned the project, and it failed. In 1909 Lu and his brother published their translations of Western fiction, including Edgar Allan Poe, as 1359:, in which he studied poetry, history, and philosophy—subjects which, he later reflected, were neither useful nor interesting to him. Instead, he enjoyed folk stories and opera, including the mythological narratives of the 2091:

intellectual discussions, but after the founding of the People's Republic in 1949 the Party sought more control over intellectual life in China, and this type of intellectual independence was suppressed, often violently.

2160:), are often acclaimed as classics of modern Chinese literature. Lu Xun's translations were important at a time when foreign literature was seldom read, and his literary criticisms remain acute and persuasively argued. 1807:

In 1925, Lu began what may have been his first meaningful romantic relationship, with one of his students at the Beijing Women's College, Xu Guangping. In March 1926 there was a mass student protest against the warlord

1538:. The essay has since become one of his most widely renowned works, and is read in the Chinese middle school curriculum. Fujino later reciprocated Lu's respect in an obituary written for Lu after his death in 1937. 1877:

in April 1927, he attempted to secure the release of several students through the university, but failed. His failure to save his students led him to resign from his position at the university, and he left for the

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as "the greatest writer Asia produced in the 20th century." Shortly after Lu Xun's death, Mao Zedong called him "the saint of modern China", but used his legacy selectively to promote his own political goals. In

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any memorial services. Forget about me, and care about your own life – you're a fool if you don't." Regarding his son, he wrote: "On no account let him become a good-for-nothing writer or artist."

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but "a substitute for 'wine and women'". In his personal letters he expressed disappointment about his own failure, China's political situation, and his family's continuing impoverishment.

1346:). Because formal education was not considered socially appropriate for girls, she had not received any education, but she still taught herself how to read and write. The surname Lu ( 1835:, but was disappointed by the petty disagreements and unfriendliness of the university's faculty. During the short time he lived in Xiamen, Lu wrote his last collection of fiction, 2171:

The work of Lu Xun has also received attention outside China. In 1986, Fredric Jameson cited "Diary of a Madman" as the "supreme example" of the "national allegory" form that all

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After the execution of the "24 Longhua Martyrs" (in addition to other students, friends, and associates), Lu's political views became distinctly anti-Kuomintang. In 1933 Lu met

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politics, made contact with local CCP members, and became involved in literary disputes with other leftist writers in the city. In 1930 Lu became one of the co-founders of the

1986:. The CCP requested that he write a novel about the communist revolution set in rural China, but he declined, citing his lack of background and understanding of the subject. 2099:, who has translated Lu Xun's writing, speculated that "perhaps also it was an attempt to discourage the youth of today from Lu Xun's inconveniently fault-finding habits." 1266:

in 1919, Lu's writing began to exert a substantial influence on Chinese literature and popular culture. Like many of the movement's leaders, Lu was a leftist. After the

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times, ink, and the skin from a drum. Despite these expensive treatments, Zhou Boyi died of an asthma attack in 1896, at the age of 35. He might have suffered from

1766:. He was able to work part-time because he only worked at the Education Ministry three days a week for three hours a day. In 1923 he lost his front teeth in a 1342:

Zhou's mother was a member of the same landed gentry class as Lu Xun's father, from a slightly smaller town in the countryside (Anqiaotou, Zhejiang; a part of

6563: 1677:, lectured on fine arts, wrote and self-published a book on the history of Shaoxing, and edited and self-published a collection of folk stories from the 1507:, were published while he was attending this school, and he published his first Chinese translations of famous and influential foreign novels, including 6663: 6573: 6528: 2581: 1267: 1372:, the route to wealth and social success in imperial China, but was unsuccessful in writing the more competitive provincial-level examinations (the 1636:, but he was so disappointed with it that he threw it away. Zuoren saved it, and had it successfully published two years later under his own name. 1223:, he was a short story writer, editor, translator, literary critic, essayist, poet, and designer. In the 1930s, he became the titular head of the 2221:

and satire (as can be seen in "The True Story of Ah Q") and yet could also write impressively direct prose ("My Old Home", "A Little Incident").

1762:, and Beijing Women's College, where he taught traditional fiction and literary theory. His lecture notes were later collected and published as 4410: 3929: 1912: 1183: 3017:"What Happens After Nora Walks Out?" Based on a talk given at the Beijing Women's Normal College, 26 December 1923. In Ding Ling and Lu Hsun, 1778:, and established the "Weiming Society" in order to support young writers and encourage the translation of foreign literature into Chinese. 6568: 6558: 4953: 1960:. Snow asked Lu whether there were any Ah Q's left in China. Lu responded, "It's worse now. Now it's Ah Q's who are running the country." 1503:, but was simultaneously disgusted with the behaviour of some Chinese who were living in Japan. His earliest surviving essays, written in 1459:. His later social philosophy may have been influenced by several novels about social conflict that he read during the period, including 6653: 6553: 6523: 1474:

He did very well at the school with relatively little effort, and occasionally experienced racism directed at him from resident Manchu

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By the time Lu was born, his family's prosperity had already been declining. His father, Zhou Boyi, had been successful at passing the

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expressions, which are hard for the people to understand." In 2007, some of his bleaker works were removed from school textbooks.

1431:, below deck, which he considered degrading. He later wrote that he was dissatisfied with the quality of teaching at the academy. 6648: 6583: 6533: 2677: 1953:

Kuomintang executed twenty-four local writers (including five who belonged to the League) whom they had arrested under this law.

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a "specially appointed writer" by the national Ministry of Higher Education, which secured him an additional 300 yuan per month.

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Lu Xun was also a leader of the Woodcut Movement in China (1930–1950) and widely recognized as a pioneer of the rise of the

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Despite the unfavorable political climate, Lu Xun contributed regularly to a variety of periodicals in the 1930s, including

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in Beijing, the establishment of the Natural History Museum, and the establishment of the Library of Popular Literature.

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Lu wrote about characters who were weak, indecisive, frustrated, and largely the victims of oppressive Chinese culture.

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being an admirer of Lu's writing throughout his life. Though he was sympathetic to socialist ideas, Lu never joined the

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Lee, Leo Ou-Fan (July 1976). "Literature on the Eve of Revolution: Reflections on Lu Xun's Leftist Years, 1927–1936".

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Although he had renounced writing fiction years before, in 1934 he published his last collection of short stories,

1727:. It is widely known in China as a metaphor for the traditional Chinese cultural values and norms that Lu opposed. 2437: 6297: 5572: 5568: 5398: 5069: 4825: 4619: 2862: 1648: 1562:, the first collection of his short stories, Lu explained how viewing this scene influenced him to quit studying 1057: 783: 1703:

in 1915, Lu was briefly forced to participate in rituals honoring Confucius, which he ridiculed in his diaries.

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Lu Xun (right) sat in the front, and Xu Guangping sat behind him, their son (Zhou Haiying) in Lu Xun's arms.

6673: 6643: 5095: 2509: 1246:, Zhejiang; the family's financial resources declined over the course of his youth. Lu aspired to take the 1695:, a work which, because traditional scholars had not valued fiction, had little precedent in China. After 6366: 4939: 4858: 4840: 2284: 1946: 1632:

to drink heavily, a habit he continued for the rest of his life. In 1911 he wrote his first short story,

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in September 1927. By the time he left Guangzhou, he was one of the most famous intellectuals in China.

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Davies, Gloria (July 1992). "Chinese Literary Studies and Post-Structuralist Positions: What Next?".

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Lu Xun's works became known to English readers as early as 1926 with the publication in Shanghai of

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Jameson, Fredric (Autumn 1986). "Third-World Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism".

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dynasties. He collected and self-published an authoritative book on the work of an ancient poet,

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Between 1912 and 1917 he was a member of an ineffectual censorship committee, informally studied

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Translingual Practice: Literature, National Culture, and Translated Modernity: China 1900–1937

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that he could change it himself later, but he never did so. Haiying was Lu Xun's only child.

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follies of his characters and sympathizing with those very follies. Lu Xun was a master of

1732: 1467: 1323:). In 1898, before he went to the Jiangnan Naval Academy, he took the given name "Shuren" ( 937: 753: 249: 4667: 8: 6361: 5543: 5376: 5351: 5232: 5028: 4320: 3257: 1500: 1263: 837: 254: 31: 4509:

Lu Xun: The Real story of Ah-Q and Other Tales of China, The Complete Fiction of Lu Xun.

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Love-letters and Privacy in Modern China: The Intimate Lives of Lu Xun and Xu Guangping

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Jin, Ha (2017). "Zhou Yucai writes ʽʽA Madman's Diaryʻʻ under the Pen Name Lu Xin". In

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New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1937. Reprinted: Westport, CT: Hyperion Press, 1973.

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Lu completed volumes of translations, notably from Russian. He particularly admired

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in Beijing, the highest position possible for aspiring civil servants at that time.

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Lu Xun was lured back briefly to take the first-level district examination in 1898.

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The Politics of Cultural Capital: China's Quest for a Nobel Prize in Literature

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The Real Story of Ah-Q and Other Tales of China: The Complete Fiction of Lu Xun

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As a consequence of Lu's decision to attend a military school specializing in

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The remains of Lu Xun in Shanghai on October 19, 1936. Photograph by Sha Fei.

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chosen upon the initial publishing of his story "Diary of a Madman" in 1918.

1312: 1155: 1130: 225: 3963:"Gan Zhenglun | Lu Xun and Uchiyama at the Woodblock-Printing Class | China" 2176:

repulsion, the latter because of Nietzsche's excesses in style and content.

2058: 1553:(1904–1905) broke out. Part of the war was fought on disputed Chinese land. 6444: 6405: 6314: 6285: 6163: 6132: 6127: 6112: 6107: 6037: 5947: 5922: 5896: 5826: 5786: 5781: 5773: 5763: 5723: 5693: 5688: 5672: 5667: 5594: 5576: 5558: 5553: 5507: 5142: 5104: 4991: 4986: 3242: 2203:

chose the second half of his pen name to reflect his admiration for Lu Xun.

2187: 2096: 1908: 1817: 1809: 1771: 1682: 1678: 1663: 1644: 1585: 1456: 1444: 1135: 658: 567: 447: 358: 205: 190: 42: 4698: 4580: 6376: 6137: 6097: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6017: 5962: 5927: 5917: 5901: 5886: 5816: 5811: 5801: 5733: 5533: 5502: 5469: 5409: 5285: 5280: 5252: 3608:

China and the Internet: Using New Media for Development and Social Change

3282: 2293: 2172: 2009: 1925: 1854:, where he was hired as the head of the Chinese literature department at 1712:, a radical populist literary magazine that had recently been founded by 1696: 1659: 1508: 1496: 1482:

nationalism. After graduating Lu Xun planned to become a foreign doctor.

1479: 1428: 1150: 1050: 803: 185: 4075:(28). Contemporary China Center, Australian National University: 67–86. 3534: 3510: 1804:). The language is fresh and direct. The subjects are country peasants. 1739:

between 1917 and 1921. These stories were collected and re-published in

6117: 6087: 6062: 6047: 6012: 5982: 5952: 5937: 5866: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5649: 5634: 5624: 5604: 5484: 5474: 5361: 5336: 5197: 5192: 5147: 5117: 4569: 4561: 4088: 2112: 2044: 1983: 1964: 1957: 1863: 1713: 1706:

In 1917, an old friend of Lu's, Qian Xuantong, invited Lu to write for

1271: 1145: 1095: 894: 494: 382: 6177: 4682: 4248: 4177: 4053: 3906: 3825: 3799: 3760:(Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2015), pp. 132, 148-149. 2082: 1754:

In 1920, Lu began to lecture part-time at several colleges, including

6327: 6102: 6027: 6002: 5987: 5957: 5932: 5861: 5806: 5718: 5708: 5698: 5683: 5644: 5609: 5584: 5429: 5331: 5242: 5222: 5177: 5132: 5122: 4931: 4804: 3526: 3455:

Revolutionary Becomings: Documentary Media in Twentieth-Century China

2389: 2321:

published a book of his essays translated by Eileen J. Cheng, titled

2275: 2258:

are not exterminated, there can be no doubt that China will perish."

2243:

recommended that his readers heed the critique of Chinese culture in

2137: 2001: 1851: 1708: 1577: 1541: 1369: 1343: 1115: 1100: 904: 899: 889: 866: 702: 515: 328: 4080: 3988: 3095:

Anthology of Tang and Song Tales: The Tang Song Chuanqi Ji of Lu Xun

2116:. His own first story's title, "Diary of a Madman", was inspired by 1365:

and the ghost stories told to him by a servant when he was a child.

6215: 6191: 6032: 5997: 5967: 5871: 5841: 5821: 5796: 5791: 5743: 5614: 5548: 5454: 5414: 5316: 5296: 5237: 5202: 5112: 4739: 4735: 4169: 4045: 3817: 1862:. Through his students, he established connections within both the 1821: 1767: 1478:. The racism he experienced may have influenced his later sense of 1380: 1328: 1300: 1243: 1228: 723: 536: 113: 96: 6463: 4750: 4714:, a long essay by Lu Xun on the difficulties of Chinese characters 1812:'s collaboration with the Japanese. The protests degenerated into 5992: 5977: 5836: 5703: 5619: 5599: 5489: 5479: 5464: 5449: 5434: 5424: 5371: 5356: 5267: 5212: 5182: 5157: 5152: 5127: 5064: 5056: 2304:

published a complete translation by Julia Lovell of his fiction,

2164: 1994: 1979: 1942: 1717: 1686: 1491: 1490:

that Han Chinese were obliged to wear at the time, and practiced

1461: 1417: 1140: 1125: 1110: 1105: 860: 574: 220: 195: 3885:

Goldman, Merle (September 1982). "The Political Use of Lu Xun".

1716:, which also inspired a great number of younger writers such as 1411:

Lu Xun half-heartedly participated in the first, district-level

1398: 6371: 6279: 5881: 5831: 5654: 5639: 5538: 5523: 5439: 5341: 5321: 5311: 5257: 5207: 5043: 5018: 4497:. United States of America: University of Hawai'i Press. 2006. 4451:. United States of America: University of Hawai'i Press. 1996. 3060: 2989: 2949: 2919: 2874: 2825: 2792: 2768: 2744: 2720: 2665: 2641: 2617: 2593: 2569: 2545: 2521: 2497: 2473: 2449: 2425: 2401: 2377: 2341: 2200: 1825: 1795: 1531: 1527: 1452: 1392: 1090: 200: 165: 4593:

The Chinese Prose Poem: A Study of Lu Xun's Wild Grass (Yecao)

3105:, 1932, a collection of essays about his youth, translated as 1989: 1831:

After arriving in Xiamen, later in 1926, Lu began teaching at

6334: 5972: 5758: 5518: 5217: 5172: 5162: 5137: 4277:

The Chinese Computer: a Global History of the Information Age

2218: 1723:

Lu recounted the conversation in his short story collection,

1438:

Lu Xun transferred to another government-funded school, the "

1374: 1348: 596: 582: 210: 1207:; 25 September 1881 – 19 October 1936), born 6267: 5262: 5187: 2840:, also translated as "Sadness", or "Regrets for the Past" ( 1971:, and corresponded with writers in Japan as well as China. 1843:. He also published a collection of prose poetry, entitled 3758:

The Age of Irreverence: A New History of Laughter in China

6157: 4528:. Ed. McDougall, Bonnie S. Oxford University Press. 2002. 2168:

generation in China towards the black-and-white woodcut.

1770:

accident, and in 1924 he developed the first symptoms of

728: 714: 555: 541: 527: 4130:

Art in Turmoil: The Chinese Cultural Revolution, 1966–76

2312:

The Lyrical Lu Xun: a Study of his Classical-style Verse

2047:

later made the calligraphic inscription above his tomb.

1584:

common with Lu, was illiterate, and had been subject to

506: 6221: 4164:(4). National Council of Teachers of English: 406–417. 2300:(Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1990). In 2009, 3637: 1982:

congratulating them on the recent completion of their

1824:

took over Beijing, Lu left northern China and fled to

6428: 4154:

Hesford, Walter (April 1992). "Overt Appropriation".

4133:. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. p. 62. 4007:"Lu Xun's Legacy: Printmaking in Modern China | SOAS" 1786:, exemplify this style of "peasant dirt literature" ( 1545:

An execution scene, possibly viewed by Lu Xun in 1905

691: 677: 663: 482: 466: 452: 4587:. 51. January–February 2004. Retrieved 23 July 2014. 3989:"Lu Xun (1881-1936) and the Modern Woodcut Movement" 238:

Critique of traditional Confucian values and thought

4385:

Lu Xun's Revolution: Writing in a Time of Violence.

3045:(1925), based on lectures from 1920, translated as 2560:, also translated as "The Double Fifth Festival" ( 6500: 4535:Berkeley: University of California Press. 1976. 4465:Berkeley: University of California Press. 1985. 3849:"TALKS AT THE YENAN FORUM ON LITERATURE AND ART" 2296:. Another full selection was William A. Lyell's 4387:Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2013. 3365:Modern Chinese Literature in the May Fourth Era 1993:Lu Xun 11 days before his death. Photograph by 1978:. In 1935, he sent a telegram to CCP forces in 1549:While Lu Xun was attending medical school, the 4699:A Brief Biography of Lu Xun with Many Pictures 4478:Voices from the Iron House: A Study of Lu Xun. 3585: 3583: 3362:Lee, Leo Ou-fan (1977). Goldman, Merle (ed.). 2735:, also translated as "In the Drinking House" ( 2127: 2121: 1268:proclamation of the People's Republic of China 4947: 4766: 4480:Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 1987. 4200:One and All: The Logic of Chinese Sovereignty 3806:Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 3228: 3221: 3214: 3207: 3200: 3193: 3186: 3179: 3172: 3165: 3158: 3151: 3144: 3137: 3130: 3123: 3116: 3100: 3084: 3054: 3040: 3011:"What Is Required to Be a Father Today", 1919 2887: 2687: 2335: 1259:the Republic of China Ministry of Education. 1177: 633: 619: 422: 408: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3021:. The Feminist Press (2007), pp. 84–93. 2070:Lu Xun has been described by Nobel laureate 6564:Academic staff of Beijing Normal University 4550:Hong Kong: Chinese University Press. 2002. 4332: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4187: 3987:Corban, Caroline; Art, Bowdoin Journal of. 3950:一九四九年國民黨逃亡到台灣,展開積極的反共政策,從此出現了以後長達四十年的反魯迅傳統。 3580: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3281: 2279:Living China, Modern Chinese Short Stories, 1254:". Upon graduation, Lu studied medicine at 4954: 4940: 4773: 4759: 4711:An Outsider's Chats about Written Language 3938:] (in Chinese). 聯合文學出版社. p. 318. 3502: 2050:He was survived by his son, Zhou Haiying. 1184: 1170: 4581:"David Pollard, The True Story of Lu Xun" 4268: 4069:The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 3777: 3775: 3732: 3573: 3571: 3403: 3368:. Harvard University Press. p. 169. 1295:Childhood residence of Lu Xun in Shaoxing 27:Chinese novelist and essayist (1881–1936) 6664:Writers about activism and social change 6574:Academic staff of Sun Yat-sen University 6529:20th-century Chinese short story writers 4333:Wasserstrom, Jeffrey (7 December 2009). 4274: 4184: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3339: 2223: 2081: 2057: 2016: 2008: 2000: 1988: 1924: 1902: 1647:and was followed by the founding of the 1607: 1540: 1397: 1290: 30:For the Three Kingdoms-era general, see 4235:(3). Sage Publications, Inc.: 277–326. 4197: 4153: 4147: 4031: 4025: 3884: 3878: 3511:"Edgar Allan Poe in Contemporary China" 2180:A major literature prize in China, the 14: 6501: 4961: 4428:A New Literary History of Modern China 4378:Nietzsche in China in the XXth Century 4113:Nietzsche in China in the XXth Century 4066: 4060: 3865: 3772: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3568: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 1520:Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas 1355:Lu's early education was based on the 1319:), which he later changed to "Yucai" ( 557: 484: 4935: 4754: 4109: 4103: 3986: 3694: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3439: 3400:Denton "WESTERN EDUCATION: 1898–1902" 3396: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3332: 3330: 3328: 4126: 4040:(15). Duke University Press: 65–88. 3927: 3711:Denton "MOVE TO THE LEFT: 1927–1936" 3452: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3089:,1927–28, editor of an anthology of 3069:), 1927, prose poems, translated as 2207: 2039:were interred in a mausoleum within 1941:He began to study and identify with 1850:In January 1927, he and Xu moved to 1639:In February 1912, shortly after the 950:Simplification of Chinese characters 6569:Academic staff of Xiamen University 6559:Academic staff of Peking University 4895:What happens after Nora leaves home 4780: 4704:Reference Archive: Lu Xun (Lu Hsun) 4420: 4355:"What Happens after Nora Walks Out" 4226: 4220: 3658: 3643: 3605: 3548: 3508: 3361: 2298:Diary of a Madman and Other Stories 2013:Lu's casket being transferred, 1956 811:Eastward spread of Western learning 24: 4877:A Brief History of Chinese Fiction 4507:Lovell, Julia. "Introduction". In 4323:, UC Irvine, Department of History 3592: 3385: 3325: 3048:A Brief History of Chinese Fiction 3027:"Thoughts Before the Mirror", 1925 2816:, also translated as "The Loner" ( 1885:In 1927 Lu was considered for the 1764:A Brief History of Chinese Fiction 1692:A Brief History of Chinese Fiction 1526:In 1904, Lu began studying at the 1370:county-level imperial examinations 799:Constitutional Protection Movement 34:. For the crater on Mercury, see 25: 6700: 6654:Short story writers from Zhejiang 6554:20th-century pseudonymous writers 6524:20th-century Chinese male writers 4613: 4511:England: Penguin Classics. 2009. 4110:Arena, Leonardo Vittorio (2012). 3804:) (1996). "Interpreting Lu Xun". 3417: 3111:Morning Blossoms Gathered at Dusk 2536:, also translated as "Hometown" ( 2026:in the lungs through a puncture. 1880:Shanghai International Settlement 1238:Lu Xun was born into a family of 969:Translation of foreign literature 955:Romanization of Chinese languages 6599:Chinese male short story writers 6544:20th-century Chinese translators 6486: 6474: 6462: 6450: 6438: 4743: 4417:. 91. (September 1982). 424–445. 4413:"Lu Xun's Last Days and after". 3034: 2328: 1774:. In 1925 he founded a journal, 1576:classes there. He began to read 1352:) was the same as his mother's. 381: 70: 6549:20th-century Chinese historians 4347: 4326: 4314: 4297: 4120: 3999: 3980: 3955: 3921: 3859: 3841: 3832: 3793: 3784: 3763: 3750: 3741: 3723: 3714: 3685: 3676: 3649: 3628: 3493: 3484: 3475: 3030:"On Deferring Fair Play" (1925) 2261: 1898: 1603: 960:Writing with vernacular Chinese 729: 715: 597: 583: 556: 542: 528: 507: 6649:20th-century Chinese essayists 6584:Scholars of Chinese literature 6534:20th-century Chinese novelists 3967:The Metropolitan Museum of Art 3866:Lovell, Julia (12 June 2010). 3355: 3316: 3307: 3293:]. Hebei Education Press. 3275: 3065: 2994: 2985: 2954: 2945: 2924: 2879: 2870: 2853: 2830: 2821: 2797: 2773: 2764: 2749: 2725: 2688: 2670: 2646: 2637: 2622: 2613: 2598: 2574: 2565: 2550: 2541: 2526: 2517: 2502: 2493: 2478: 2454: 2430: 2421: 2406: 2382: 2346: 2336: 2118:Gogol's story of the same name 1800: 1791: 1668:Twelve Symbols national emblem 1324: 1320: 1316: 1308: 972:Sorting out national heritages 692: 678: 664: 634: 620: 483: 467: 453: 423: 409: 13: 1: 3263: 3107:Dawn Blossoms Plucked at Dusk 2229: 1841:Dawn Blossoms Plucked at Dusk 1536:Dawn Blossoms Plucked at Dusk 1362:Classic of Mountains and Seas 1286: 6614:Chinese government officials 6609:Chinese expatriates in Japan 4658:Resources in other libraries 4639:Resources in other libraries 4533:Lu Hsün's Vision of Reality. 4275:Mullaney, Thomas S. (2024). 3673:Denton "MAY FOURTH: 1917–26" 3509:Hao, Ruijuan (Winter 2009). 3268: 3229: 3222: 3215: 3208: 3201: 3194: 3187: 3180: 3173: 3166: 3159: 3152: 3145: 3138: 3131: 3124: 3117: 3101: 3085: 3055: 3041: 3014:"Knowledge Is a Crime", 1919 3008:"My Views on Chastity", 1918 2888: 1530:Medical Academy in northern 1406: 1281: 1242:and government officials in 162:School of Mines and Railways 7: 6689:Chinese satirical novelists 6634:Hangzhou High School alumni 4859:Selected Stories of Lu Hsun 4742:(public domain audiobooks) 3236: 2356:Cheering from the Sidelines 2285:Selected Stories of Lu Hsun 2228:Chinese peasant in Tianjin 2188:Asteroid (233547) 2007 JR27 2021:Lu's tomb in Shanghai, 2010 1947:League of Left-Wing Writers 1225:League of Left-Wing Writers 1032:League of Left-Wing Writers 823:Boxer Indemnity Scholarship 10: 6705: 6539:20th-century Chinese poets 5084:Hundred Schools of Thought 4673:at web.bureau.tohoku.ac.jp 4668:Special Issue about Lu Xun 4566:Chinese Writers on Writing 4376:Arena, Leonardo Vittorio. 4369: 4241:10.1177/009770047600200302 3515:The Edgar Allan Poe Review 3109:(Yang and Yang, 1976) and 2971: 2110:and made a translation of 1558:apathy. In his preface to 1514:From the Earth to the Moon 965:National Language Movement 40: 29: 6344: 6150: 5910: 5772: 5663: 5567: 5498: 5385: 5276: 5103: 5094: 4969: 4904: 4886: 4868: 4850: 4789: 4653:Resources in your library 4634:Resources in your library 4548:The True Story of Lu Xun. 4522:Lu Xun and Xu Guangping. 4204:Stanford University Press 3899:10.1017/S0305741000000655 3459:Columbia University Press 3248:Lu Xun Literary Institute 3002: 2964:Opposing Aggression, 1934 2915: 2845: 2788: 2740: 2716: 2661: 2589: 2469: 2445: 2397: 2373: 2247:by the missionary writer 2128: 2122: 2053: 1887:Nobel Prize in Literature 1760:Beijing Normal University 1653:National Library of China 1612:1918 printed edition of " 1413:civil service examination 1347: 1204: 999:Doubting Antiquity School 933:East-west cultural debate 784:Coronation of Yuan Shikai 744: 740: 722: 708: 701: 685: 671: 657: 650: 645: 641: 627: 613: 608: 590: 573: 566: 549: 535: 521: 514: 500: 493: 476: 460: 446: 439: 434: 430: 416: 402: 397: 393: 389: 380: 375: 367: 354: 346: 313: 292:Beijing Normal University 276: 268: 242: 234: 178: 152: 131: 120: 103: 81: 69: 62: 6659:Tohoku University alumni 6594:Chinese magazine editors 6589:Chinese magazine writers 6579:Chinese literary critics 4841:The New Year's Sacrifice 4727:Works by or about Lu Xun 4691:Selected works by Lu Xun 4574:Trinity University Press 3612:Rutgers University Press 3286: 3097:(World Scientific, 2020) 2967:Resurrect the Dead, 1935 2709:The New Year's Sacrifice 2558:The Dragon Boat Festival 2323:Jottings under Lamplight 2319:Harvard University Press 2086:Lu Xun Museum in Beijing 2033: 1969:The Analects Fortnightly 615:Traditional Chinese 404:Traditional Chinese 6679:Chinese language reform 6629:Educators from Shaoxing 6624:Critics of Confucianism 6604:Chinese Marxist writers 5079:Nine Schools of Thought 4407:Retrieved 24 July 2014. 3928:Chen, Fangming (1994). 3802:University of Melbourne 3436:Denton "JAPAN: 1902–09" 3073:(Yang and Yang, 2003); 2931:Curbing the Flood, 1935 2807:Public Exhibition, 1925 2804:The Eternal Flame, 1924 2698:Wondering Where to Turn 2630:The Comedy of the Ducks 2606:The Rabbits and the Cat 2245:Chinese Characteristics 1868:Chinese Communist Party 1276:Chinese Communist Party 789:National Protection War 629:Simplified Chinese 418:Simplified Chinese 296:Beijing Women's College 6382:State consequentialism 4913:The True Story of Ah Q 4833:The True Story of Ah Q 4463:Lu Xun and His Legacy. 4405:, MCLC Resource Center 4198:Laikwan, Pang (2024). 4127:King, Richard (2010). 3993:Bowdoin Journal of Art 3936:The Quest for Paradigm 3838:Lovell 2009 xxi–xxxiii 2978:The True Story of Ah Q 2961:Leaving the Pass, 1935 2908:The Flight to the Moon 2892:(1935), translated as 2692:, 1926, translated as 2350:),1923, translated as 2268:The True Story of Ah Q 2235: 2087: 2067: 2022: 2014: 2006: 1998: 1930: 1922: 1892:The True Story of Ah Q 1889:, for the short story 1856:Sun Yat-sen University 1620: 1573: 1546: 1403: 1296: 336:The True Story of Ah Q 305:Sun Yat-sen University 159:Jiangnan Naval Academy 6669:Writers from Shaoxing 5399:Northern and Southern 4399:Denton, Kirk (2002), 3610:. New Brunswick, NJ: 3253:Lu Xun Literary Prize 3051:(Yang and Yang, 1959) 3019:The Power of Weakness 2934:Gathering Vetch, 1935 2254:Lu contended that "f 2227: 2182:Lu Xun Literary Prize 2103:curriculum in China. 2085: 2061: 2020: 2012: 2004: 1992: 1928: 1906: 1699:declared himself the 1618:Beijing Lu Xun Museum 1616:", collection of the 1611: 1568: 1544: 1401: 1294: 1248:imperial examinations 1027:Crescent Moon Society 818:Scientific Revolution 283:Ministry of Education 6619:Chinese Esperantists 4790:Stories and novellas 4590:Kaldis, Nicholas A. 4359:MCLC Resource Center 3868:"China's conscience" 3077:(Turner, 2019); and 3024:"My Moustache", 1924 2904:Mending Heaven, 1935 2896:(Yang and Yang) and 2190:was named after him. 1733:New Culture Movement 1233:republican-era China 938:Total Westernization 754:New Culture Movement 250:New Culture Movement 6674:Burials in Shanghai 6644:Poets from Zhejiang 5029:School of Diplomacy 4706:at www.marxists.org 4677:Lu Xun bibliography 4423:Wang, David Der-wei 4415:The China Quarterly 4321:Jeffrey Wasserstrom 3887:The China Quarterly 3646:, pp. 254–259. 3565:Denton "HOME AGAIN" 3453:Qian, Ying (2024). 3336:Denton "Early Life" 3258:Lu Xun Native Place 2838:Regret for the Past 2510:A Storm in a Teacup 2196:is named after him. 2194:A crater on Mercury 2184:is named after him. 2140:movement in China. 1501:anti-Chinese racism 1402:Lu Xun in his youth 1299:Lu Xun was born in 1264:May Fourth Movement 1058:The Critical Review 838:May Fourth Movement 255:May Fourth Movement 168:Medical Academy at 116:, Republic of China 32:Lu Xun (Eastern Wu) 4963:Chinese philosophy 4679:at u.osu.edu/mclc/ 4585:China Perspectives 4546:Pollard, David E. 4531:Lyell, William A. 4448:The Lyrical Lu Xun 4361:. 19 October 2017. 3747:Lovell 2009 xxviii 3606:Shi, Song (2023). 2938:Forging the Swords 2898:Old Stories Retold 2256:Chinese characters 2236: 2088: 2068: 2062:Bust of Lu Xun in 2023: 2015: 2007: 1999: 1967:'s humor magazine 1931: 1923: 1666:, he designed the 1621: 1551:Russo-Japanese War 1547: 1404: 1357:Confucian classics 1297: 1213:Chinese literature 1044:Major publications 993:Schools of thought 833:Russian Revolution 813: 794:Manchu Restoration 775: 216:literary criticism 6684:Chinese satirists 6639:Modernist writers 6426: 6425: 6274:Mandate of Heaven 6146: 6145: 4929: 4928: 4826:Storm in a Teacup 4819:The Story of Hair 4798:Diary of a Madman 4722:Project Gutenberg 4620:Library resources 4517:978-0-140-45548-9 4476:Lee, Leo Ou-Fan. 4461:Lee, Leo Ou-Fan. 4438:978-0-674-97887-4 4279:. Cambridge, MA: 4013:. 20 January 2022 3945:978-957-522-076-1 3756:Christopher Rea, 3577:Lovell 2009 xviii 3375:978-0-674-57911-8 3300:978-7-5434-4391-4 2810:Old Mr. Gao, 1925 2774:Xìngfú de Jiātíng 2696:(Yang and Yang), 2486:The Story of Hair 2366:Diary of a Madman 2354:(Yang and Yang), 2334:Nostalgia (1913) 2208:Style and thought 1875:Shanghai massacre 1833:Xiamen University 1756:Peking University 1649:Republic of China 1641:Xinhai Revolution 1614:Diary of a Madman 1598:Tales from Abroad 1499:. He experienced 1468:Uncle Tom's Cabin 1425:Western education 1256:Tohoku University 1252:foreign education 1194: 1193: 981:Education reforms 976:Feminist movement 875:Anti-Confucianism 869: 828:French Revolution 809: 779:Second Revolution 770: 748: 747: 736: 735: 710:Yale Romanization 652:Standard Mandarin 604: 603: 523:Yale Romanization 441:Standard Mandarin 322:Diary of a Madman 300:Xiamen University 287:Peking University 269:Years active 243:Literary movement 170:Tohoku University 94:25 September 1881 16:(Redirected from 6696: 6491: 6490: 6489: 6479: 6478: 6477: 6467: 6466: 6455: 6454: 6453: 6443: 6442: 6441: 6434: 6303:Self-cultivation 6208:Neo-Confucianism 5943:Chung-ying Cheng 5101: 5100: 5002:New Confucianism 4997:Neo-Confucianism 4956: 4949: 4942: 4933: 4932: 4920:Wolf Cub Village 4775: 4768: 4761: 4752: 4751: 4747: 4746: 4731:Internet Archive 4695: 4687: 4672: 4579:Veg, Sebastian. 4442: 4406: 4402:Lu Xun Biography 4363: 4362: 4351: 4345: 4344: 4335:"China's Orwell" 4330: 4324: 4318: 4312: 4301: 4295: 4294: 4272: 4266: 4265:(Stanford 1995). 4260: 4224: 4218: 4217: 4202:. Stanford, CA: 4195: 4182: 4181: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4124: 4118: 4117: 4107: 4101: 4100: 4064: 4058: 4057: 4029: 4023: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4003: 3997: 3996: 3984: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3959: 3953: 3952: 3925: 3919: 3918: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3863: 3857: 3856: 3853:www.marxists.org 3845: 3839: 3836: 3830: 3829: 3797: 3791: 3788: 3782: 3779: 3770: 3767: 3761: 3754: 3748: 3745: 3739: 3736: 3730: 3727: 3721: 3718: 3712: 3709: 3692: 3691:Lovell 2009 xxvi 3689: 3683: 3680: 3674: 3671: 3656: 3653: 3647: 3641: 3635: 3632: 3626: 3625: 3603: 3590: 3587: 3578: 3575: 3566: 3563: 3546: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3527:10.2307/41506373 3506: 3500: 3497: 3491: 3488: 3482: 3479: 3473: 3472: 3457:. New York, NY: 3450: 3437: 3434: 3415: 3412: 3401: 3398: 3383: 3382: 3359: 3353: 3350: 3337: 3334: 3323: 3320: 3314: 3311: 3305: 3304: 3279: 3232: 3231: 3225: 3224: 3218: 3217: 3211: 3210: 3204: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3190: 3189: 3183: 3182: 3176: 3175: 3169: 3168: 3162: 3161: 3155: 3154: 3148: 3147: 3141: 3140: 3134: 3133: 3127: 3126: 3120: 3119: 3104: 3103: 3093:, translated as 3088: 3087: 3067: 3058: 3057: 3044: 3043: 2996: 2987: 2956: 2947: 2926: 2917: 2894:Old Tales Retold 2891: 2890: 2881: 2872: 2855: 2847: 2832: 2823: 2799: 2790: 2775: 2766: 2751: 2750:Zài Jiǔlóu shàng 2742: 2733:In the Wine Shop 2727: 2718: 2691: 2690: 2672: 2663: 2648: 2639: 2624: 2615: 2600: 2591: 2576: 2567: 2552: 2543: 2528: 2519: 2504: 2495: 2480: 2471: 2456: 2447: 2432: 2423: 2408: 2399: 2384: 2375: 2348: 2339: 2338: 2302:Penguin Classics 2272:George Kin Leung 2270:, translated by 2234: 2231: 2131: 2130: 2125: 2124: 1976:Old Tales Retold 1921: 1837:Old Tales Retold 1802: 1793: 1701:Emperor of China 1564:Western medicine 1505:Literary Chinese 1449:John Stuart Mill 1351: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1310: 1221:Literary Chinese 1206: 1186: 1179: 1172: 1065:A Madman's Diary 1019:New Confucianism 1014:Creation Society 880:Social Darwinism 865: 750: 749: 732: 731: 718: 717: 697: 696: 695: 681: 680: 667: 666: 643: 642: 637: 636: 623: 622: 600: 599: 586: 585: 562: 561: 560: 545: 544: 531: 530: 510: 509: 489: 488: 487: 472: 471: 470: 456: 455: 432: 431: 426: 425: 412: 411: 385: 363: 110: 93: 91: 74: 60: 59: 36:Lu Hsun (crater) 21: 6704: 6703: 6699: 6698: 6697: 6695: 6694: 6693: 6499: 6498: 6497: 6487: 6485: 6475: 6473: 6461: 6451: 6449: 6439: 6437: 6429: 6427: 6422: 6340: 6241:Three teachings 6142: 6093:Tsang Lap Chuen 5906: 5768: 5677: 5659: 5575: 5571: 5563: 5512: 5494: 5403: 5397: 5381: 5290: 5272: 5090: 5088: 5034:School of Names 4977:Agriculturalism 4965: 4960: 4930: 4925: 4900: 4882: 4864: 4846: 4785: 4779: 4744: 4736:Works by Lu Xun 4718:Works by Xun Lu 4693: 4685: 4670: 4664: 4663: 4662: 4644: 4643: 4628: 4627: 4623: 4616: 4611: 4491:Lovell, Julia. 4445:Kowallis, Jon. 4439: 4398: 4383:Davies, Goria. 4372: 4367: 4366: 4353: 4352: 4348: 4331: 4327: 4319: 4315: 4302: 4298: 4291: 4273: 4269: 4225: 4221: 4214: 4196: 4185: 4157:College English 4152: 4148: 4141: 4125: 4121: 4108: 4104: 4081:10.2307/2950055 4065: 4061: 4030: 4026: 4016: 4014: 4005: 4004: 4000: 3985: 3981: 3971: 3969: 3961: 3960: 3956: 3946: 3926: 3922: 3883: 3879: 3864: 3860: 3847: 3846: 3842: 3837: 3833: 3798: 3794: 3789: 3785: 3780: 3773: 3769:Lovell 2009 xxx 3768: 3764: 3755: 3751: 3746: 3742: 3737: 3733: 3728: 3724: 3719: 3715: 3710: 3695: 3690: 3686: 3682:Lovell 2009 xxv 3681: 3677: 3672: 3659: 3655:Lovell 2009 xxi 3654: 3650: 3642: 3638: 3633: 3629: 3622: 3604: 3593: 3588: 3581: 3576: 3569: 3564: 3549: 3539: 3537: 3507: 3503: 3498: 3494: 3489: 3485: 3480: 3476: 3469: 3451: 3440: 3435: 3418: 3414:Lovell 2009 xvi 3413: 3404: 3399: 3386: 3376: 3360: 3356: 3351: 3340: 3335: 3326: 3321: 3317: 3312: 3308: 3301: 3288: 3280: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3239: 3037: 3005: 2974: 2814:The Misanthrope 2582:The White Light 2331: 2264: 2232: 2210: 2056: 2036: 1915: 1911:and their son, 1901: 1860:Whampoa Academy 1675:Buddhist sutras 1606: 1440:School of Mines 1409: 1289: 1284: 1190: 1161: 1160: 1086: 1078: 1077: 1045: 1037: 1036: 1023:Research Clique 994: 986: 985: 945:Democratization 923: 915: 914: 851: 843: 842: 773:1911 Revolution 768: 760: 693: 673:Gwoyeu Romatzyh 468: 361: 342: 309: 264: 230: 174: 153:Alma mater 140:literary critic 112: 108: 107:19 October 1936 95: 89: 87: 86: 77: 65: 56: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6702: 6692: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6496: 6495: 6483: 6471: 6459: 6447: 6424: 6423: 6421: 6420: 6419: 6418: 6411:Metaphilosophy 6408: 6403: 6398: 6391: 6386: 6385: 6384: 6379: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6348: 6346: 6342: 6341: 6339: 6338: 6331: 6324: 6317: 6312: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6288: 6283: 6276: 6271: 6264: 6257: 6250: 6243: 6238: 6231: 6224: 6219: 6212: 6211: 6210: 6205: 6195: 6188: 6181: 6174: 6167: 6160: 6154: 6152: 6148: 6147: 6144: 6143: 6141: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6023:Lee Shui-chuen 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5914: 5912: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5892:Zhang Xuecheng 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5778: 5776: 5770: 5769: 5767: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5680: 5678: 5676: 5675: 5670: 5664: 5661: 5660: 5658: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5630:Wang Chongyang 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5581: 5579: 5569:Five Dynasties 5565: 5564: 5562: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5515: 5513: 5511: 5510: 5505: 5499: 5496: 5495: 5493: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5401: 5392: 5390:Three Kingdoms 5386: 5383: 5382: 5380: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5293: 5291: 5289: 5288: 5283: 5277: 5274: 5273: 5271: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5109: 5107: 5098: 5092: 5091: 5087: 5086: 5081: 5075: 5073: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5061: 5060: 5053: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5005: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4984: 4979: 4973: 4971: 4967: 4966: 4959: 4958: 4951: 4944: 4936: 4927: 4926: 4924: 4923: 4916: 4908: 4906: 4902: 4901: 4899: 4898: 4890: 4888: 4884: 4883: 4881: 4880: 4872: 4870: 4866: 4865: 4863: 4862: 4854: 4852: 4848: 4847: 4845: 4844: 4837: 4829: 4822: 4815: 4808: 4801: 4793: 4791: 4787: 4786: 4778: 4777: 4770: 4763: 4755: 4749: 4748: 4733: 4724: 4715: 4707: 4701: 4696: 4688: 4683:Lu Xun webpage 4680: 4674: 4661: 4660: 4655: 4649: 4645: 4642: 4641: 4636: 4630: 4629: 4618: 4617: 4615: 4614:External links 4612: 4610: 4609: 4588: 4577: 4559: 4544: 4529: 4520: 4505: 4489: 4474: 4459: 4443: 4437: 4418: 4411:Jenner, W.J.F. 4408: 4396: 4381: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4365: 4364: 4346: 4325: 4313: 4296: 4289: 4283:. p. 87. 4267: 4219: 4212: 4183: 4170:10.2307/377832 4146: 4140:978-9888028641 4139: 4119: 4102: 4059: 4046:10.2307/466493 4024: 4011:www.soas.ac.uk 3998: 3979: 3954: 3944: 3920: 3877: 3858: 3840: 3831: 3818:10.2307/495630 3800:Jon Kowallis ( 3792: 3783: 3771: 3762: 3749: 3740: 3738:Lu & Xu 64 3731: 3729:Lovell 2006 84 3722: 3713: 3693: 3684: 3675: 3657: 3648: 3636: 3634:Lovell 2009 xx 3627: 3620: 3591: 3579: 3567: 3547: 3521:(3): 117–122. 3501: 3499:Kowallis 20–23 3492: 3483: 3474: 3467: 3438: 3416: 3402: 3384: 3374: 3354: 3352:Lovell 2009 xv 3338: 3324: 3322:Kowallis 11–12 3315: 3306: 3299: 3291:Lu Xun's youth 3273: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3261: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3238: 3235: 3234: 3233: 3226: 3219: 3212: 3205: 3198: 3191: 3184: 3177: 3170: 3163: 3156: 3149: 3142: 3135: 3128: 3121: 3114: 3098: 3082: 3052: 3036: 3033: 3032: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3022: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3004: 3001: 3000: 2999: 2995:Ā Q Zhèngzhuàn 2973: 2970: 2969: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2905: 2885: 2884: 2860: 2859:Brothers, 1925 2857: 2835: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2778: 2757:A Happy Family 2754: 2730: 2685: 2684: 2675: 2651: 2627: 2603: 2579: 2555: 2531: 2507: 2503:Tóufà de gùshì 2483: 2479:Yījiàn Xiǎoshì 2459: 2435: 2411: 2387: 2363: 2330: 2327: 2288:translated by 2263: 2260: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2204: 2197: 2191: 2185: 2055: 2052: 2035: 2032: 1900: 1897: 1801:xiāngtǔ wénxué 1658:Together with 1643:overthrew the 1605: 1602: 1555:Lantern slides 1408: 1405: 1337:Hanlin Academy 1315:was "Yushan" ( 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1262:Following the 1209:Zhou Zhangshou 1192: 1191: 1189: 1188: 1181: 1174: 1166: 1163: 1162: 1159: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1087: 1085:Notable people 1084: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1076: 1075: 1068: 1061: 1054: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1004:Xueheng School 1001: 995: 992: 991: 988: 987: 984: 983: 978: 973: 970: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 942: 941: 940: 935: 928:Westernization 924: 921: 920: 917: 916: 913: 912: 907: 902: 897: 892: 887: 882: 877: 872: 871: 870: 858: 852: 849: 848: 845: 844: 841: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 807: 806: 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 769: 766: 765: 762: 761: 757: 756: 746: 745: 742: 741: 738: 737: 734: 733: 730:Zau1 Syu6 Jan4 726: 720: 719: 712: 706: 705: 703:Yue: Cantonese 699: 698: 689: 683: 682: 675: 669: 668: 661: 655: 654: 648: 647: 646:Transcriptions 639: 638: 631: 625: 624: 617: 611: 610: 606: 605: 602: 601: 594: 588: 587: 580: 571: 570: 564: 563: 553: 547: 546: 539: 533: 532: 525: 519: 518: 516:Yue: Cantonese 512: 511: 504: 498: 497: 491: 490: 480: 474: 473: 464: 458: 457: 450: 444: 443: 437: 436: 435:Transcriptions 428: 427: 420: 414: 413: 406: 400: 399: 395: 394: 391: 390: 387: 386: 378: 377: 373: 372: 369: 365: 364: 356: 352: 351: 348: 344: 343: 341: 340: 332: 325: 317: 315: 311: 310: 308: 307: 302: 297: 294: 289: 284: 280: 278: 274: 273: 270: 266: 265: 263: 262: 260:Social realism 257: 252: 246: 244: 240: 239: 236: 232: 231: 229: 228: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 193: 188: 182: 180: 176: 175: 173: 172: 163: 160: 156: 154: 150: 149: 148: 147: 144: 141: 138: 133: 129: 128: 125:Tomb of Lu Xun 122: 118: 117: 111:(aged 55) 105: 101: 100: 85:Zhou Zhangshou 83: 79: 78: 75: 67: 66: 63: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6701: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6506: 6504: 6494: 6484: 6482: 6472: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6458: 6448: 6446: 6436: 6435: 6432: 6417: 6414: 6413: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6396: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6374: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6343: 6337: 6336: 6332: 6330: 6329: 6325: 6323: 6322: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6310: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6293: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6281: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6269: 6265: 6263: 6262: 6258: 6256: 6255: 6251: 6249: 6248: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6236: 6232: 6230: 6229: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6200: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6193: 6189: 6187: 6186: 6182: 6180: 6179: 6175: 6173: 6172: 6168: 6166: 6165: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6155: 6153: 6149: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6123:Zhang Dongsun 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6043:Liang Shuming 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5909: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5775: 5771: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5749:Wang Yangming 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5681: 5679: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5665: 5662: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5516: 5514: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5500: 5497: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5400: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5387: 5384: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 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2139: 2133: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2109: 2108:Nikolai Gogol 2104: 2100: 2098: 2092: 2084: 2080: 2078: 2073: 2065: 2060: 2051: 2048: 2046: 2043:in Shanghai. 2042: 2031: 2027: 2019: 2011: 2003: 1996: 1991: 1987: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1972: 1970: 1966: 1961: 1959: 1954: 1950: 1948: 1944: 1939: 1935: 1927: 1919: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1896: 1894: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1848: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1829: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1805: 1803: 1797: 1789: 1785: 1779: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1752: 1748: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1728: 1726: 1721: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1710: 1704: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1693: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1637: 1635: 1629: 1625: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1601: 1599: 1595: 1589: 1587: 1581: 1579: 1572: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1552: 1543: 1539: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1524: 1522: 1521: 1516: 1515: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1493: 1489: 1483: 1481: 1477: 1472: 1470: 1469: 1464: 1463: 1458: 1454: 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Writing in 1214: 1210: 1202: 1198: 1187: 1182: 1180: 1175: 1173: 1168: 1167: 1165: 1164: 1157: 1156:Qian Xuantong 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1131:Qian Xuantong 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1082: 1081: 1074: 1073: 1069: 1067: 1066: 1062: 1060: 1059: 1055: 1053: 1052: 1048: 1047: 1041: 1040: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 996: 990: 989: 982: 979: 977: 974: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 939: 936: 934: 931: 930: 929: 926: 925: 919: 918: 911: 908: 906: 903: 901: 898: 896: 893: 891: 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 876: 873: 868: 864: 863: 862: 859: 857: 854: 853: 847: 846: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 821: 819: 816: 815: 814: 812: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 776: 774: 771:Aftermath of 764: 763: 759: 758: 755: 752: 751: 743: 739: 727: 725: 721: 716:Jāu Syuh Yàhn 713: 711: 707: 704: 700: 690: 688: 684: 676: 674: 670: 662: 660: 656: 653: 649: 644: 640: 632: 630: 626: 618: 616: 612: 607: 595: 593: 589: 581: 579: 576: 572: 569: 565: 559: 554: 552: 548: 540: 538: 534: 526: 524: 520: 517: 513: 505: 503: 499: 496: 492: 486: 481: 479: 475: 465: 463: 459: 451: 449: 445: 442: 438: 433: 429: 421: 419: 415: 407: 405: 401: 396: 392: 388: 384: 379: 374: 370: 366: 360: 357: 353: 349: 345: 338: 337: 333: 330: 326: 323: 319: 318: 316: 314:Notable works 312: 306: 303: 301: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 282: 281: 279: 275: 271: 267: 261: 258: 256: 253: 251: 248: 247: 245: 241: 237: 233: 227: 226:autobiography 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 183: 181: 177: 171: 167: 164: 161: 158: 157: 155: 151: 146:civil servant 145: 142: 139: 136: 135: 134: 130: 126: 123: 121:Resting place 119: 115: 106: 102: 98: 84: 80: 73: 68: 61: 58: 54: 53: 48: 44: 37: 33: 19: 6406:Epistemology 6393: 6333: 6326: 6319: 6315:Yin and yang 6307: 6298:Human nature 6290: 6286:Filial piety 6278: 6266: 6259: 6252: 6245: 6233: 6226: 6214: 6203:Confucianism 6197: 6190: 6183: 6176: 6169: 6162: 6133:Zhou Guoping 6128:Zhang Shenfu 6113:Yin Haiguang 6108:Yang Changji 6057: 6053:Liu Xiaofeng 6038:Liang Qichao 5923:Carsun Chang 5911:20th century 5897:Zhuang Cunyu 5827:Hong Liangji 5787:Chen Menglei 5782:Chen Hongmou 5764:Zhan Ruoshui 5724:Liu Zongzhou 5694:Hong Zicheng 5689:Huang Zongxi 5595:Fan Zhongyan 5573:Ten Kingdoms 5559:Linji Yixuan 5554:Liu Zongyuan 5143:Gongsun Long 5105:Eastern Zhou 5096:Philosophers 5074: 5070:Mixed School 5055: 5048: 4992:Han learning 4987:Confucianism 4918: 4911: 4875: 4857: 4831: 4782: 4710: 4694:(in Chinese) 4686:(in Chinese) 4646: 4624: 4592: 4584: 4565: 4547: 4532: 4524: 4508: 4493: 4477: 4462: 4447: 4427: 4414: 4401: 4384: 4377: 4358: 4349: 4338: 4328: 4316: 4299: 4276: 4270: 4262: 4232: 4229:Modern China 4228: 4222: 4199: 4161: 4155: 4149: 4129: 4122: 4114: 4111: 4105: 4072: 4068: 4062: 4037: 4033: 4027: 4015:. 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H. Huxley 1437: 1433: 1422: 1410: 1389: 1385: 1373: 1367: 1360: 1354: 1341: 1333: 1298: 1261: 1237: 1208: 1196: 1195: 1136:Shen Congwen 1120: 1071: 1063: 1056: 1049: 910:New humanism 808: 694:Chou Shu-jen 659:Hanyu Pinyin 568:Southern Min 502:Romanization 448:Hanyu Pinyin 398:Chinese name 359:Xu Guangping 334: 206:prose poetry 109:(1936-10-19) 57: 50: 43:Chinese name 6519:1936 deaths 6514:1881 births 6377:Role ethics 6362:Metaphysics 6138:Zhou Zuoren 6098:Xiong Shili 6083:Tang Chun-i 6078:Sun Yat-sen 6073:Qiu Renzong 6068:Mou Zongsan 6018:Kang Youwei 5963:Feng Youlan 5928:P. C. Chang 5918:Cai Yuanpei 5902:Zeng Guofan 5887:Yu Zhengxie 5817:Gong Zizhen 5812:Feng Guifen 5802:Fang Lanfen 5734:Qian Dehong 5534:Zhang Zhihe 5470:Xiahou Xuan 5410:Bao Jingyan 5253:Zhuang Zhou 4905:Adaptations 4869:Non-fiction 4851:Collections 4562:Sze, Arthur 4034:Social Text 3812:: 153–164. 3589:Kowallis 26 3481:Kowallis 22 3313:Kowallis 10 3283:Zhou Zuoren 2678:Preface to 2534:My Old Home 2462:An Incident 2294:Gladys Yang 2239:humanity". 2233: 1909 2199:The artist 2173:Third World 2041:Lu Xun Park 1916: [ 1697:Yuan Shikai 1660:Qian Daosun 1509:Jules Verne 1497:Tongmenghui 1480:Han Chinese 1429:engine room 1151:Kang Youwei 1051:La Jeunesse 804:Warlord Era 679:Jou Shuhren 665:Zhōu Shùrén 362:(1927–1936) 186:Short story 47:family name 18:Zhou Shuren 6503:Categories 6457:Literature 6416:Legitimacy 6118:Yu Dunkang 6088:Tang Yijie 6063:Mao Zedong 6048:Lin Yutang 6013:Jin Yuelin 6008:Jiang Qing 5983:He Guanghu 5953:Chu Anping 5938:Chen Duxiu 5867:Wang Fuzhi 5857:Tan Sitong 5852:Pan Pingge 5847:Liu Yiming 5729:Luo Rufang 5650:Zhou Dunyi 5635:Wang Chuyi 5625:Wang Anshi 5605:Lu Jiuyuan 5485:Yan Zhitui 5475:Xie Daoyun 5377:Yang Xiong 5362:Wang Chong 5337:Kong Anguo 5198:Shen Buhai 5193:Shang Yang 5148:Guan Zhong 5118:Chunyu Kun 5039:Naturalism 4570:Arthur Sze 4556:9629960605 4541:0520029402 4486:0253362636 4471:0520051580 4309:088355092X 4017:17 January 3972:17 January 3720:Kowallis 3 3540:22 January 3264:References 3079:Wild Grass 3071:Wild Grass 2900:(Lovell): 2704:(Lovell): 2702:Hesitation 2647:Yā de Xǐjù 2113:Dead Souls 2045:Mao Zedong 1984:Long March 1965:Lin Yutang 1958:Edgar Snow 1873:After the 1864:Kuomintang 1845:Wild Grass 1814:a massacre 1776:Wilderness 1714:Chen Duxiu 1287:Early life 1272:Mao Zedong 1217:vernacular 1146:Zhu Ziqing 1096:Chen Duxiu 1009:Communists 895:Liberalism 850:Ideologies 767:Background 687:Wade–Giles 609:Birth name 543:Lou5 Seon3 462:Wade–Giles 132:Occupation 127:, Shanghai 99:, Zhejiang 90:1881-09-25 76:Lu in 1930 6493:Biography 6395:Shan shui 6328:Zhengming 6103:Xu Fuguan 6028:Li Shicen 6003:Ray Huang 5988:Hu Qiaomu 5958:Fang Keli 5948:Ch'ien Mu 5933:Chen Daqi 5862:Tang Zhen 5807:Fang Quan 5719:Liu Bowen 5709:Lai Zhide 5699:Jiao Hong 5684:Chen Jiru 5645:Zhang Zai 5610:Shao Yong 5585:Cheng Hao 5529:Wang Tong 5430:Guo Xiang 5352:Liu Xiang 5332:Jing Fang 5243:Yuan Xian 5223:Ximen Bao 5178:Lie Yukou 5133:Duanmu Ci 5123:Confucius 5009:Huang–Lao 4836:(1921-22) 4805:Kong Yiji 4781:Works by 4647:By Lu Xun 4257:220736707 4097:155250111 3915:154642676 3285:(2002). 3269:Citations 2694:Wandering 2623:Tù hé Māo 2575:Duānwǔjié 2407:Kǒng Yǐjǐ 2390:Kong Yiji 2362:(Lovell): 2317:In 2017, 2276:Nym Wales 2158:Wandering 2154:Panghuang 2138:Esperanto 2066:, Hungary 1852:Guangzhou 1737:New Youth 1709:New Youth 1670:in 1912. 1634:Nostalgia 1578:Nietzsche 1476:bannermen 1407:Education 1383:instead. 1344:Tongxiang 1282:Biography 1240:landlords 1116:Li Dazhao 1101:Guo Moruo 1072:The Tiger 905:Communism 900:Socialism 890:Modernism 885:Anarchism 867:Scientism 856:Democracy 529:Lóuh Seun 376:Signature 329:Kong Yiji 277:Employers 272:1902–1936 6389:Ink wash 6367:Politics 6357:Theology 6216:Ming yun 6192:Jing zuo 6151:Concepts 6033:Li Zehou 5998:Hua Gang 5968:Gan Yang 5877:Yan Yuan 5872:Wei Yuan 5842:Lin Zexu 5822:Gu Yanwu 5797:Fang Bao 5792:Dai Zhen 5754:Wu Cheng 5744:Wang Gen 5615:Shen Kuo 5590:Cheng Yi 5549:Liu Yuxi 5455:Sengzhao 5415:Fan Zhen 5317:Huan Tan 5297:Ban Zhao 5248:Zhang Yi 5238:Yang Zhu 5203:Shen Dao 5113:Bu Shang 5014:Legalism 4982:Buddhism 4887:Speeches 4843:" (1924) 4828:" (1920) 4821:" (1920) 4814:" (1919) 4812:Medicine 4807:" (1919) 4800:" (1918) 4740:LibriVox 4600:. 2014. 4116:. ebook. 3872:Guardian 3644:Jin 2017 3535:41506373 3237:See also 2955:Zhù Jiàn 2854:Shāngshì 2831:Gūdú Zhě 2599:Báiguāng 2455:Míngtiān 2438:Tomorrow 2414:Medicine 2064:Kiskőrös 1822:Wu Peifu 1768:rickshaw 1594:New Life 1381:Hangzhou 1329:pen name 1301:Shaoxing 1244:Shaoxing 1229:Shanghai 922:Practice 724:Jyutping 537:Jyutping 368:Children 331:" (1919) 324:" (1918) 235:Subjects 143:lecturer 114:Shanghai 97:Shaoxing 41:In this 6481:History 6431:Portals 6401:Society 6178:Jian'ai 5993:Hu Shih 5978:Gu Zhun 5837:Ma Qixi 5739:Wang Ji 5704:Jiao Yu 5620:Su Song 5600:Hu Hong 5490:Zhi Dun 5480:Xun Can 5465:Wang Bi 5460:Wang Su 5450:Ji Kang 5445:Huiyuan 5435:Fu Xuan 5425:Ge Hong 5372:Xun Yue 5367:Wang Fu 5357:Ma Rong 5327:Jia Kui 5268:Zou Yan 5228:Xu Xing 5213:Sun Tzu 5183:Mencius 5158:Hui Shi 5153:Han Fei 5128:Deng Xi 5065:Yangism 5057:Xuanxue 5024:Marxism 4970:Schools 4729:at the 4576:. 2010. 4425:(ed.). 4380:. 2012. 4370:Sources 4089:2950055 3287:魯迅的青年時代 3230:集外集拾遺補編 3209:且介亭雑文末編 3202:且介亭雑文二集 3091:chuanqi 2998:), 1921 2982:Chinese 2972:Novella 2958:), 1926 2942:Chinese 2928:), 1926 2925:Bēn Yuè 2912:Chinese 2883:), 1925 2867:Chinese 2863:Divorce 2856:), 1925 2850:Chinese 2842:Chinese 2834:), 1925 2818:Chinese 2801:), 1924 2785:Chinese 2777:), 1924 2761:Chinese 2753:), 1924 2737:Chinese 2729:), 1924 2713:Chinese 2674:), 1922 2658:Chinese 2650:), 1922 2634:Chinese 2626:), 1922 2610:Chinese 2602:), 1922 2586:Chinese 2578:), 1922 2562:Chinese 2554:), 1921 2551:Gùxiāng 2538:Chinese 2530:), 1920 2514:Chinese 2506:), 1920 2490:Chinese 2482:), 1920 2466:Chinese 2458:), 1920 2442:Chinese 2434:), 1919 2418:Chinese 2410:), 1918 2394:Chinese 2386:), 1918 2370:Chinese 2165:woodcut 1995:Sha Fei 1980:Shaanxi 1943:Marxist 1870:(CCP). 1788:Chinese 1718:Mao Dun 1687:Ji Kang 1624:Japan. 1492:jujutsu 1462:Ivanhoe 1418:Nanjing 1311:). 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