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some of the pack ice off the west coast also comes from the sea off
Labrador via the Strait of Belle Isle, most of it originates in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Beginning in January the pack ice begins to advance south, borne by the Labrador Current until (usually) in April the rate of melting overtakes the rate of advance and the ice retreats northward. The leading edge of the pack ice is known as "The Front" and is important to the annual
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only found three populations of Long's Braya, and 14 or 15 populations of
Fernald's brayas. Researchers have focused on how various types of disturbances affect the long-term viability of these populations. The Province of Newfoundland and Labrador, with many partners, is studying the rare plant flora of the island of Newfoundland and in 2002 announced a recovery plan for the braya species.
536:, which is 125 kilometers (78 mi) long and from 60 kilometers (37 mi) 60 km to 15 kilometers (9 mi) wide. In addition to the island of Newfoundland, the province is made up of 12 larger islands with a total area of 2,505 square kilometers (967 sq mi) and 7,170 smaller islands with a total area of 3,598 square kilometers (1389 sq mi).
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1308:, lower visibility, more clouds, less sunshine, and higher winds than a continental climate. Some of these effects can be seen in the graphs. Labrador's climate differs from that of the island not only because it is further north, but also because the interior does not see the moderating effects of the ocean.
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or "pack ice". While icebergs are composed of fresh water, pack ice is frozen sea water. The severity of ice varies considerably, depending on the strength and direction of the wind and air temperature. Most of the pack ice off
Newfoundland's northern and eastern shores originates off Labrador. While
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the interior of
Labrador. The detailed information and information for 73 communities in the province is available from a government website. The data used in making the graphs is the average taken over thirty years. Error bars on the temperature graph indicate the range of daytime highs and night
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Newfoundland is roughly triangular, with each side being approximately 400 kilometers (250 mi), and having an area of 108,860 square kilometers (41,700 sq mi). Newfoundland and its associated small islands have a total area of 111,390 square kilometers (43,008 sq mi).
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family. They are only found on a narrow strip of land extending approximately 150 kilometers (93 miles) on the extreme western portion of the Great
Northern Peninsula, a limestones barrens habitat. The braya population is low due to habitat loss from gravel quarrying. Researchers have
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Approximately 40,000 medium to large sized icebergs annually calve from
Greenland glaciers, and depending on wind, and air and water temperature, between 400 and 800 of these go as far south as 48° north latitude (St. John's). Icebergs are most commonly seen in the waters off Newfoundland in the
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Surface water temperatures on the
Atlantic side reaches a summer average of 12°C (54°F) inshore and 9°C (49°F) offshore to winter lows of -1°C (30°F) inshore and 2°C (36°F) offshore. Sea temperatures on the west coast are warmer than Atlantic side by 1 to 3 °C (2 to 5 °F). The sea keeps winter
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spring and early summer. Despite their size, the icebergs of
Newfoundland move an average of 17 kilometers (10 miles) a day. The average mass of icebergs in the Grand Banks area is between one and two hundred thousand tonnes. These icebergs represent a significant threat to
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the island of
Newfoundland was completely covered by glaciers and swept clean of life. Only those species which were able to recolonize the island after the glaciers retreated about 18,000 years ago are considered "native". Similarly, only freshwater-fish capable of surviving
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plates. Approximately 500 million years ago movement of these plates forced parts of the oceanic crust beneath the
Iapetus Ocean up and over the eastern margin of the North American plate. Sections of oceanic crust which overlie continental crust are known as
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which contributed 15% of the provinces GDP in 2006. Total production from the Hibernia field from 1997 to 2006 was 733 million barrels with an estimated value of $ 36 billion. Remaining reserves are estimated at almost 2 billion barrels as of
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scattered across Newfoundland and Labrador. The area of freshwater in Newfoundland and Labrador is 31,340 square kilometers (12,101 sq mi), covering 7.7% of the total surface of area of the province and accounting for 3.5% of the freshwater area of
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The marine waters around the province are considered boreal, or sub-Arctic, in nature. A great deal of the coastline is rock-strewn, allowing an extensive variety of plant and animal life to thrive. The leading plants of the shoreline are the large brown
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time lows. Snowfall is the total amount which fell during the month, not the amount accumulated on the ground. This distinction is particularly important for St. John's where a heavy snowfall can be followed by rain so that no snow remains on the ground.
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is the dominant carnivore of the tundra, but is an occasional visitor to coastal Newfoundland, especially in the spring. Many birds migrate to Labrador in spring to lay their eggs and raise their young before returning south for the winter, including the
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The north-south extent of the province (46°36'N to 60°22'N), prevalent westerly winds, cold ocean currents and local factors such as mountains and coastline combine to create the various climates of the province. Northern Labrador is classified as a
811:. Northern Labrador is part of the tundra, while southern Labrador is part of the taiga. Newfoundland is not typical of either biome, as it lacks much of the plant and animal life that are characteristic to these biomes. During the last
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in North America. It is a half an hour later than Atlantic Time, one and a half hours later than Central Canada and 4 ½ hours later than the west coast of the country. Labrador operates on Atlantic Time, except for the coast between
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1872:, (capacity of 420,000 tonnes (462,000 tons) per year). The value of newsprint exports varies greatly from year to year, depending on the global market price. Lumber is produced by numerous mills in Newfoundland.
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was, and is, the most populous part of the island, and as such had the best developed system of early roads and trails. Transportation between communities on other parts of the coast, especially the south coast between
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Freezing rain is common in Newfoundland where it is known as "silver thaw". Freezing drizzle or freezing rain occurs on average of 150 hours each winter, most commonly in March. One such storm struck St. John's on
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temperatures slightly higher and summer temperatures a little lower on the coast than at places inland. The maritime climate produces more variable weather, ample precipitation in a variety of forms, greater
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Southern Labrador is mostly taiga. It is characterized by low winter temperatures, a longer growing season, and more precipitation than the tundra. Soils are typically lacking important nutrients such as
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1406:'s 343 centimeters (135 in)), wettest (1514 millimeters (59.6 in), next to Halifax's 1491 millimeters (58.7 in)), windiest (24.3 km/h (15 mph) average speed, next to
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Newfoundland receives less than 1600 hours of sunshine per year, much lower than the Canadian average of 1925 hours. Summer months average 187 hours of sun while the December average is 60 hours.
621:) which rises to about 600 meters (2,000 ft.) above sea level. This part of the island was once part of the eastern margin of continental North America. The island's highest points, the
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One of the storms was the "Independence Hurricane" that struck eastern Newfoundland on September 9, 1775. About 4000 sailors, mostly from the British Isles, were reported to have been drowned.
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in the early 20th century marked the beginning of the settlement of the interior of the island. Despite these developments the majority of the population is still found along the coast.
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has 206 days of fog per year. Fog in Newfoundland is frequently accompanied by strong onshore winds; while usually winds disperse fog, here the fog is too widespread for this to occur.
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capsized and sank on the Grand Banks, 300 kilometers (180 mi) east of St. John's. The entire 84-man crew perished, making it the worst Canadian marine disaster in decades.
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1060:), which does not allow water to drain easily through the soil, so it collects in shallow pools. Trees and shrubs are stunted since their roots cannot grow into the permafrost. Low
578:), is mostly folded sedimentary rocks with some intrusions of igneous rock and was part of southwestern Europe or Northern Africa about 250 million years ago. The oldest rocks are
529:. Labradorâs area (including associated small islands) is 294,330 square kilometers (113,641 sq mi). Together, Newfoundland and Labrador make up 4.06% of Canadaâs area.
1969:
Human inhabitation in Newfoundland and Labrador can be traced back over 9000 years to the people of the Maritime Archaic Tradition. They were gradually displaced by people of the
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are a very recent addition to the fauna of Newfoundland. How coyotes got onto the island is still debated by wildlife officials, but it is probable that they crossed the ice from
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meet on the Grand Banks, making the area not only one of the richest fishing grounds in the world, but also one of the foggiest areas. The Grand Banks are an area of significant
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Newfoundland and Labrador has the strongest winds of any of the provinces, with most places having average annual wind speeds over 20 kilometers per hour (12 mph).
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of ocean can build up very large waves. The frequency and severity of storms is greatest between November and March, although they may occur at any time of the year.
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in 2007 and prospecting for new ore bodies continues. Mining accounted for 3.5% of the provincial GDP in 2006. The province produces 55% of Canadaâs total iron ore.
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The fauna of Labrador is typical of that of similar areas of North America while the island of Newfoundland has considerably fewer mammals and no native amphibians.
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industry remains an important part of the provincial economy, employing 26,000 and contributing over $ 440 million to the GDP. The combined harvest of fish such as
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Many rare herbaceous plants and insects occur on the island. The west coast of the island supports over 200 plant species. Rare species such as Longâs Braya (
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and lasted three days. Ice almost 15 centimeters (5.9 in) thick disrupted electrical power to 200,000 people on the Avalon Peninsula for days.
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Newfoundland is also known for its fog which occurs most often in the spring and early summer because of the contrast between sea and air temperatures.
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resulted from glacial erosion. The lack of good soil on most parts of the island is a result of the scouring effect of glaciers during the most recent
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swam to the island. Labrador has 42 native mammals, Newfoundland is home only to 14, with no snakes, raccoons, skunks or porcupines. Large herds of
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and along the shore of the island was the primary reason for these settlements. The rugged shoreline provided many small, but isolated, harbors (
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1827:, accounted for 195,000 tonnes (215,000 tons) with a value of $ 316 million in the same year. The value of products from the
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because it is one of the best places in the world to see the effects of plate tectonics and one of the few places where rocks formed at the
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653:), which jut 100 meters (300 ft.) or more above the generally flat terrain are the remnants of a former higher landscape level.
554:. Major bays, peninsulas, river systems and mountain ranges are typically oriented southwest to northeast, parallel to the Appalachians.
497:. About half of the province's economy is based on its abundant natural resources, notably petroleum, minerals, forestry and the fishery.
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761:. The interior is averages about 450 meters (1500 ft.) above sea level and is cut by large, east-flowing rivers, such as the
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produced a total of $ 2.5 billion worth of ore in 2006. A new mine at Duck Pond (30 kilometers (18 mi) south of the now-closed mine at
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connects the Gulf of St. Lawrence with the Labrador Sea and is the narrowest channel separating Newfoundland from mainland Canada. The
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The province has been divided into six climate types, but in broader terms Newfoundland is considered to be a cool summer subtype of a
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followed a similar pattern, with the interior being settled only in the latter part of the 20th century with the development of the
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2402:. Economics and Statistics Branch, Department of Finance, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Office of the Queens Printer
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can be found in the barren interior regions of the island. Two animals formerly resident in Newfoundland have been declared
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645:, has been heavily eroded by water and ice. Steep, solitary rock knobs, called "tolts" in Newfoundland (elsewhere known as
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are part of Labrador, the rest belongs to Quebec. Labradorâs extreme northern tip, at 60°22'N, shares a short border with
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1948:, which had a population of 180,631 in 2005). St John's is located at the extreme eastern edge of the island on the
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have been left scattered across much of the landscape. The long narrow lakes of the west coast, notably those in
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in North America and the most ancient deep-water marine fossils in the world are found preserved in layers of
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1335:. Such storms passing to the south of the island bring strong northeasterly winds sweeping in off the open
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Monthly average temperatures, rainfall and snowfall for four communities are shown in the attached graphs.
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has a reputation of being an outstanding example of tectonics at work, and as such has been designated a
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2927:. Wildlife Division, Department of Environment and Conservation, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador
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1414:'s 1,818 hours). St. John's has one of the mildest winters in Canada (third mildest city next to
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which helped shape these tolts left other evidence around Newfoundland. Large blocks of stone called
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One of the most noteworthy aspects of Newfoundland geology is a result of the constant movement of
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Maps, statistics and descriptive text from Natural Resources Canada (Federal Government of Canada)
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During the first half of each year the waters off Newfoundland may become covered with floes of
2322:. Salmonier Nature Park, Department of the Environment, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador
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Many plants and animals have been introduced to Newfoundland, either by chance or deliberately.
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on the island. The oldest known European contact was made over a thousand years ago when the
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was 150,000 tonnes (165,000 tons) valued at about $ 130 million in 2006.
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coast. Once detached from the glaciers, icebergs are transported southward through the
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is a new industry for the province, which in 2006 produced over 10,000 tonnes of
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20.7 km/h (12.9 mph)), and cloudiest (1,497 hours of sunshine, next to
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Weather systems affecting Newfoundland usually originate from the west, over mainland
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are usually found in the spring, giving birth to their young on coastal ice floes.
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is a good example of gently sloping Ordovician sedimentary rock. The plateau in the
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The tundra is a sub-Arctic zone with long, cold winters and short, warm summers.
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Of all the major Canadian cities, St. John's is the foggiest (124 days, next to
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while most of Newfoundland would be considered to be a cool summer subtype of a
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1970:
1649:(GDP) of Newfoundland and Labrador was approximately fourteen billion dollars.
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669:. Newfoundland's nickname, "The Rock", is partially a result of the ice ages.
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Newfoundland and Labrador had a population of 516,000 (2005 estimate) and a
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accounted for over $ 8 billion and resource-based activities such as
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and are responsible for the worst of Newfoundland's weather. High winds
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are located within this mountain range. To the east is a depression or
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on Newfoundland's west coast are the northeasternmost extension of the
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3314:"The Economy 2003 - Newfoundland and Labrador Forestry and Agrifoods"
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is low. Soil a meter below ground and deeper is permanently frozen (
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and its tributaries. The northern coast is largely mountainous. The
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about 30 kilometers (20 miles) wide, which is occupied by
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Labrador is an irregular shape: the western part of its border with
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A large part of the island of Newfoundland is an extension of the
3293:"Geological survey: Dimension stone in Newfoundland and Labrador"
2292:"Report on the State of Conservation of Gros Morne National Park"
2047:) settlement in Newfoundland was confined to the coast. The rich
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433:. The province also includes over seven thousand small islands.
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3180:"Forecasting of the Iceberg Population on the Grand Banks (pdf)"
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3064:"Environment Canada Climate data for Newfoundland and Labrador"
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Newfoundland extends between latitudes 46°36'N and 51°38'N.
2900:"National Recovery Plan for Long's Braya and Fernald's Braya"
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The island of Newfoundland is separated from Labrador by the
3379:"Museum Notes - Palaeoeskimo in Newfoundland & Labrador"
3295:. Natural Resources, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador
3185:. Ocean Sciences Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography
2028:(the remains of several whaling stations have been found at
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122), snowiest (359 centimeters (141 in), next to
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of 1.27 per km² (3.1 per sq mi). The provincial capital is
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969:. The deeper waters are home to a variety of fish, such as
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to this revision, which may differ significantly from the
2709:"Localities of the Vendian: Mistaken Point, Newfoundland"
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Agriculture in Newfoundland in limited to areas south of
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Exploitation of natural resources is a major part of the
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803:. Newfoundland and Labrador are divided into two biomes:
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The rest of the island is composed of a great variety of
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averages 250 meters (800 ft.) above sea level.
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comprising much of northeastern North America. Colliding
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and the hazard is aggravated by dense fog in this area.
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is subdivided into distinct geographical regions called
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plates have shaped much of the geology of Newfoundland.
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separates the province into two geographical divisions,
2902:. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador press release
1892:. Elsewhere the soil is mostly unsuitable for farming.
2344:"Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage Web Site: Climate"
1279:
Newfoundland and Labrador average monthly temperatures
3443:
Demographics and other information from Stats Canada
1327:
characterized by inward spiraling winds that rotate
1315:, or from the southwest, from the east coast of the
893:
Rats and mice were unintentionally introduced while
3127:"Marine Casualty Report for the Ocean Ranger (pdf)"
1248:climate, southern Labrador is considered to have a
785:was created in 2005 to preserve part of this area.
2032:) began exploration and exploitation of the area.
1297:Newfoundland and Labrador average monthly snowfall
1289:Newfoundland and Labrador average monthly rainfall
1205:thrive in the many rivers, streams, and wetlands.
1165:are also present. The most common animals are the
2711:. University of California Museum of Paleontology
2505:. Natural Resources Canada (Government of Canada)
2270:. Natural Resources Canada (Government of Canada)
1993:. Five hundred years later, European explorers (
913:were introduced onto the island in the 1860s and
671:
556:
478:climate, southern Labrador is considered to be a
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1965:List of communities in Newfoundland and Labrador
1125:. The Labrador tundra is also permanent home to
3357:"Museum Notes - The Maritime Archaic Tradition"
2947:"Amphibians at the Fluvarium (Toads and Frogs)"
2529:"Newfoundland and Labrador: Land and Resources"
1217:inhabit the forests of southern Labrador while
777:dominate this area with the highest peak being
2619:"Gros Morne National Park: The Story in Stone"
1478:The west coast of Newfoundland borders on the
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732:, where rocks containing probably the oldest
521:. Lands drained by rivers that flow into the
1469:Category:Rivers of Newfoundland and Labrador
1339:. These storms are sometimes referred to as
3159:"Icebergs of Newfoundland and Labrador FAQ"
2503:"Atlas of Canada:Land and Freshwater Areas"
2424:"About Newfoundland and Labrador:Land Area"
2157:in Newfoundland. One aboriginal group, the
1779:. Exploration for new reserves is ongoing.
1465:Category:Lakes of Newfoundland and Labrador
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2492:
2217:"Landscape (of Newfoundland and Labrador)"
2161:became extinct in the early 19th century.
1782:
1645:of Newfoundland and Labrador. In 2005 the
137:
3316:. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador
2755:"Torngat Mountains National Park Reserve"
2597:. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador
2573:. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador
2481:. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador
2426:. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador
2059:) from which to conduct the fishery. The
1676:
1048:) is the dominant carnivore in the tundra
905:in the 1980s. Newfoundland has no native
3036:
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2418:
2416:
1558:
1550:
1292:
1284:
1274:
1035:
746:Labrador is the easternmost part of the
436:Labrador is the easternmost part of the
133:
47:
3100:
2922:"Coyotes in Insular Newfoundland (pdf)"
2816:"Labrador Duck: the Mystery Extinction"
2608:
2516:
2262:
2260:
2258:
1924:are harvested commercially and used in
1104:, Labrador's most northerly point. The
1005:. Whales seen off Newfoundland include
783:Torngat Mountains National Park Reserve
65:
14:
3716:Geography of Newfoundland and Labrador
3708:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3098:
3096:
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3092:
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3088:
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2993:"Mammals of Newfoundland and Labrador"
2965:
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2789:
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2783:
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2779:
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2689:. United Nations Environment Programme
2394:
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2390:
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2314:
2312:
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1912:are grown for local consumption. Wild
1571:come from about 100 iceberg-producing
925:, such as Bladder, Forked and Knotted
781:at 1652 meters (5,420 ft.).
66:Revision as of 12:43, 24 July 2008 by
3451:
3249:. Memorial University of Newfoundland
3031:
2973:. Memorial University of Newfoundland
2797:. Memorial University of Newfoundland
2795:"Newfoundland and Labrador Biosphere"
2643:. Memorial University of Newfoundland
2592:"Role of the Geological Survey (pdf)"
2552:. Memorial University of Newfoundland
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2413:
2400:"Economic Research and Analysis 2007"
2338:
2336:
2219:. Memorial University of Newfoundland
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
613:origin. Along the west coast lie the
570:The eastern part of the island, (the
500:
44:
25:
3428:Welcome to Newfoundland and Labrador
3177:
2706:
2687:"Protected Areas and World Heritage"
2571:"Glacial features: Glacial erratics"
2448:
2255:
2186:Islands of Newfoundland and Labrador
1637:All currency is in Canadian dollars.
1631:
1615:Newfoundland is located in a unique
1451:and ponds, and short, swift flowing
689:which resulted from glacial erosion.
541:Islands of Newfoundland and Labrador
281:, 1652 meters (5,420 ft.)
17:
3238:
3156:
3143:
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2960:
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2700:
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2632:
2550:"Tolts (rocky knobs) or inselbergs"
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878:
728:Another notable geology site is at
119:
88:
3376:
2944:
2879:"Species at risk: Fernald's braya"
2464:
2437:
2333:
2197:
2030:Red Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador
1935:
609:rocks of sedimentary, igneous and
138:
120:
3727:
3416:
3204:"Seals and Sealing in Canada:FAQ"
3040:
2919:
2837:"Species at Risk Public Registry"
1628:, which is on Newfoundland time.
1517:off Newfoundland is known as the
1447:are responsible for the numerous
1267:the west coast of the island and
869:are small perennial herbs of the
84:(Continued cleanup for GA status)
52:. The present address (URL) is a
49:(Continued cleanup for GA status)
3687:
3675:
3674:
3423:Newfoundland General Information
3354:
3244:
2990:
2638:
2214:
1673:) accounted for the remainder.
1607:off Newfoundland's north coast.
1482:while all other coasts face the
832:, a flightless seabird, and the
673:
558:
3392:
3381:. "The Rooms" Provincial museum
3370:
3359:. "The Rooms" Provincial museum
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2858:"Species at risk: Long's braya"
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2542:
2035:Early European (primarily from
1486:. Labrador's coast borders the
849:List of mammals of Newfoundland
417:is the easternmost province in
2268:"Atlas of Canada: Sea islands"
1875:
1849:worth over $ 50 million.
1430:
1425:
993:, and marine mammals, such as
13:
1:
3206:. Fisheries and Oceans Canada
3106:"The Climate of Newfoundland"
2191:
1665:and forest-based industries (
1610:
1345:sweeping over a large surface
590:rocks occur along the coast.
320:31,153 km² (12,021
3227:. Filing Services Canada Inc
3045:. Virtual Museum of Labrador
2818:. Cornell Lab of Ornithilogy
2005:and others), fishermen from
1502:separates Newfoundland from
1263:the interior of the island,
1141:. The taiga is dominated by
788:
313:Largest inland body of water
248:17,542 km (10,900
143:Map of Canada (geopolitical)
7:
3132:. United States Coast Guard
2164:
1852:
1394:St. John's weather extremes
1259:represents the east coast,
883:tag is missing the closing
750:and is composed of ancient
24:of this page, as edited by
10:
3732:
1962:
1583:by the Labrador Current.
1462:
1353:During a violent storm on
1232:
1096:. Occasional sightings of
846:
725:of the Earth can be seen.
545:
538:
489:The provincial capital is
307:856 km (532 mi)
3669:
3598:
3572:
3564:Newfoundland and Labrador
3511:
3490:
3480:provinces and territories
3433:Newfoundland and Labrador
3400:"Population distribution"
3016:Histrionicus histrionicus
2971:"Climate Characteristics"
2127:and the military base at
1239:humid continental climate
715:Mohorovicic Discontinuity
484:humid continental climate
440:, a vast area of ancient
414:Newfoundland and Labrador
126:Newfoundland and Labrador
2451:"Newfoundland Geography"
1831:was $ 55 million.
1473:
1325:low atmospheric pressure
917:almost a century later.
897:escaped from fur farms.
704:Gros Morne National Park
687:Gros Morne National Park
663:Gros Morne National Park
450:Gros Morne National Park
2531:. Canadian Encyclopedia
1952:. The other cities are
1783:Fishing and aquaculture
1681:Mines in Labrador, the
1567:, approximately 90% of
1153:, though the deciduous
929:, and Winged and Sugar
857:) and Fernaldâs Braya (
238:31,240 km² (7.7%)
3402:. Newfoundland Outport
2881:. Government of Canada
2860:. Government of Canada
2839:. Government of Canada
2641:"Geological landscape"
2479:"Location and Climate"
2453:. Marianopolis College
2074:provincial road system
1677:Minerals and petroleum
1647:gross domestic product
1555:
1323:consist of an area of
1300:
1290:
1282:
1229:nest on steep cliffs.
1049:
836:, a subspecies of the
690:
567:
184:Geographic coordinates
144:
3585:Northwest Territories
1766:was 110 million
1705:), started producing
1559:Icebergs and pack ice
1554:
1296:
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1074:Barren-ground Caribou
1039:
677:
562:
462:Appalachian Mountains
142:
3559:Prince Edward Island
3157:Bruneau, Stephen E.
3108:. Environment Canada
3066:. Environment Canada
2137:peoples include the
2078:Newfoundland Railway
1981:in Labrador and the
1900:, known locally as "
1496:Strait of Belle Isle
1480:Gulf of St. Lawrence
1337:North Atlantic Ocean
1100:have been made near
939:Tortoiseshell Limpet
615:Long Range Mountains
582:. Small remnants of
559:File:Bell island.jpg
534:Strait of Belle Isle
458:Long Range Mountains
423:Strait of Belle Isle
3498:Geography of Canada
3247:"Mineral Resources"
3043:"Birds of Labrador"
3020:. Texas Waterfowler
2945:Thomas, Llewellyn.
2181:Geography of Canada
1989:briefly settled in
1973:and finally by the
1548:all located there.
1361:, the drilling rig
1333:northern hemisphere
1187:Short-tailed Weasel
1171:American Black Bear
775:Kiglapait Mountains
711:World Heritage Site
454:World Heritage Site
318:Smallwood Reservoir
203: /
130:
95:â Previous revision
45:12:43, 24 July 2008
3337:. Rodrigues Winery
3335:"Rodriques Winery"
3269:Unknown parameter
3178:Peterson, Ingrid.
2731:Unknown parameter
2663:Unknown parameter
2449:BĂŠlanger, Claude.
2365:Unknown parameter
2239:Unknown parameter
2076:. The now-defunct
1991:L'Anse aux Meadows
1942:population density
1651:Service industries
1643:economic geography
1556:
1504:Cape Breton Island
1301:
1291:
1283:
1223:Rough-legged Hawks
1050:
903:Cape Breton Island
865:to Newfoundland.
771:Kaumajet Mountains
691:
679:Western Brook Pond
568:
552:Appalachian system
519:Labrador Peninsula
501:Physical geography
145:
122:
3703:
3702:
3694:Canada portal
3637:Effects on floods
3609:Regions of Canada
3478:Geography of the
3014:"Harlequin Duck (
1999:Gaspar Corte-Real
1918:partridge berries
1632:Natural resources
1515:continental shelf
1443:deeply scored by
1329:counter clockwise
1250:subarctic climate
1227:Peregrine Falcons
1215:Blackpoll Warbler
943:Common Periwinkle
834:Newfoundland Wolf
767:Torngat Mountains
759:metamorphic rocks
706:was designated a
674:File:114 1406.JPG
480:subarctic climate
410:
409:
372:Natural resources
207:51.000°N 57.000°W
149:
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3503:Centre of Canada
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2070:Port aux Basques
2061:Avalon Peninsula
1950:Avalon Peninsula
1533:production with
1523:Labrador Current
1490:, a part of the
1207:Willow Ptarmigan
1159:Trembling Aspen
892:
886:
882:
822:Woodland Caribou
675:
659:glacial erratics
600:Avalon Peninsula
572:Avalon Peninsula
560:
495:Avalon Peninsula
442:metamorphic rock
399:, fish, timber,
236:405,720 km²
218:
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107:Newer revision â
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59:current revision
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3377:Renouf, M.A.P.
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3355:Tuck, James A.
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2125:Churchill Falls
2051:fishery on the
2003:Jacques Cartier
1967:
1938:
1936:Human geography
1878:
1860:is produced by
1855:
1847:steelhead trout
1839:Atlantic salmon
1785:
1727:dimension stone
1679:
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1622:L'Anse au Clair
1613:
1591:and off-shore,
1561:
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1396:
1321:Cyclonic storms
1235:
1145:trees, notably
1046:Ursus maritimus
884:
880:
851:
791:
763:Churchill River
748:Canadian Shield
576:Burin Peninsula
548:
543:
515:drainage divide
503:
438:Canadian Shield
305:Churchill River
237:
235:
230:
228:
212:51.000; -57.000
211:
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99:Latest revision
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3653:National Parks
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3417:External links
3415:
3413:
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3391:
3369:
3347:
3326:
3305:
3284:
3245:Bell, Trevor.
3237:
3225:"Buchans mine"
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3076:
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3041:Jones, Ian L.
3030:
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2757:. Parks Canada
2746:
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2639:Bell, Trevor.
2631:
2621:. Parks Canada
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2332:
2320:"Land Mammals"
2304:
2294:. Parks Canada
2280:
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2215:Bell, Trevor.
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2178:
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2123:generation at
2107:Settlement of
1971:Dorset Culture
1937:
1934:
1877:
1874:
1854:
1851:
1784:
1781:
1743:from offshore
1741:Oil production
1693:, and the new
1678:
1675:
1659:oil production
1633:
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1565:North Atlantic
1560:
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1492:Atlantic Ocean
1484:Atlantic Ocean
1475:
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1429:
1427:
1424:
1395:
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1234:
1231:
1123:American Pipit
1119:Common Redpoll
1115:Harlequin Duck
879:Cite error: A
790:
787:
779:Mount Caubvick
730:Mistaken Point
721:and the upper
596:Conception Bay
547:
544:
523:Atlantic Ocean
502:
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429:and island of
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239:
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231: - Water
229: - Total
220:
219:
187:
179:
178:
173:
165:
164:
159:
151:
150:
147:
146:
124:
123:
68:
54:permanent link
27:
16:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3728:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3696:
3695:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3618:
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3613:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3549:New Brunswick
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
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3493:
3489:
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3481:
3473:
3468:
3466:
3461:
3459:
3454:
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3450:
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3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3401:
3395:
3380:
3373:
3358:
3351:
3336:
3330:
3315:
3309:
3294:
3288:
3280:
3275:|author=
3263:
3248:
3241:
3226:
3220:
3205:
3199:
3181:
3174:
3160:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3128:
3122:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3065:
3059:
3044:
3037:
3035:
3019:
3017:
3009:
2994:
2987:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2948:
2941:
2923:
2920:Blake, John.
2916:
2901:
2895:
2880:
2874:
2859:
2853:
2838:
2832:
2817:
2811:
2796:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2756:
2750:
2742:
2737:|author=
2725:
2710:
2703:
2688:
2682:
2674:
2669:|author=
2657:
2642:
2635:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2593:
2587:
2572:
2566:
2551:
2545:
2530:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2480:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2452:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2401:
2395:
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2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2376:
2359:
2345:
2339:
2337:
2321:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2293:
2287:
2285:
2269:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2250:
2245:|author=
2233:
2218:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2196:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2121:hydroelectric
2118:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1890:Codroy Valley
1887:
1883:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1745:oil platforms
1742:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1691:Labrador City
1688:
1684:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1593:oil platforms
1590:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1553:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1525:and the warm
1524:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1412:Charlottetown
1409:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1317:United States
1314:
1309:
1307:
1299:
1295:
1287:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1219:Golden Eagles
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1191:American Mink
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1054:Precipitation
1047:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
918:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
890:
875:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
850:
845:
843:
842:Labrador Duck
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
797:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
753:
749:
744:
742:
738:
735:
731:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
709:
705:
701:
696:
688:
684:
680:
676:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
643:Iapetus Ocean
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
565:
561:
555:
553:
542:
537:
535:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
507:
498:
496:
492:
487:
485:
481:
477:
474:
468:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
415:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
375:
373:
370:
369:
366:
362:
358:
355:
352:
351:
347:
346:
343:
339:
336:
333:
332:
328:
327:
323:
319:
316:
314:
311:
310:
306:
303:
301:
300:Longest river
298:
297:
293:
290:
288:
285:
284:
280:
277:
275:
274:Highest point
272:
271:
268:
264:
261:
259:
256:
255:
251:
247:
245:
242:
241:
233:
227:
226:
222:
221:
216:
188:
186:
185:
181:
180:
177:
174:
172:
171:
167:
166:
163:
162:North America
160:
158:
157:
153:
152:
141:
136:
132:
127:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
80:
76:
71:
69:Silverchemist
64:
63:
60:
55:
39:
35:
30:
28:Silverchemist
23:
3685:
3673:
3658:
3651:
3644:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3599:
3563:
3529:Saskatchewan
3404:. Retrieved
3394:
3383:. Retrieved
3372:
3361:. Retrieved
3350:
3339:. Retrieved
3329:
3318:. Retrieved
3308:
3297:. Retrieved
3287:
3277:suggested) (
3251:. Retrieved
3240:
3229:. Retrieved
3219:
3208:. Retrieved
3198:
3187:. Retrieved
3173:
3162:. Retrieved
3134:. Retrieved
3121:
3110:. Retrieved
3068:. Retrieved
3058:
3047:. Retrieved
3022:. Retrieved
3015:
3008:
2997:. Retrieved
2986:
2975:. Retrieved
2951:. Retrieved
2949:. Pippy Park
2940:
2929:. Retrieved
2915:
2904:. Retrieved
2894:
2883:. Retrieved
2873:
2862:. Retrieved
2852:
2841:. Retrieved
2831:
2820:. Retrieved
2810:
2799:. Retrieved
2759:. Retrieved
2749:
2739:suggested) (
2713:. Retrieved
2702:
2691:. Retrieved
2681:
2671:suggested) (
2645:. Retrieved
2634:
2623:. Retrieved
2599:. Retrieved
2586:
2575:. Retrieved
2565:
2554:. Retrieved
2544:
2533:. Retrieved
2507:. Retrieved
2483:. Retrieved
2455:. Retrieved
2428:. Retrieved
2404:. Retrieved
2373:suggested) (
2347:. Retrieved
2324:. Retrieved
2296:. Retrieved
2272:. Retrieved
2247:suggested) (
2221:. Retrieved
2171:Newfoundland
2133:
2106:
2034:
1968:
1958:Corner Brook
1939:
1879:
1870:Corner Brook
1856:
1833:
1786:
1739:
1699:Voisey's Bay
1680:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1626:Norman's Bay
1614:
1597:
1585:
1581:Davis Strait
1562:
1512:
1500:Cabot Strait
1488:Labrador Sea
1477:
1434:
1397:
1385:
1382:
1370:
1367:
1363:Ocean Ranger
1352:
1349:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1280:
1265:Corner Brook
1254:
1236:
1211:Common Raven
1203:River Otters
1163:Mountain Ash
1151:Black Spruce
1131:
1111:Common Eider
1102:Cape Chidley
1051:
1045:
1031:Hooded Seals
1007:Pilot Whales
971:Atlantic Cod
951:sea anemones
947:Blue Mussels
919:
885:</ref>
876:
871:brassicaceae
859:B. fernaldii
858:
855:Braya longii
854:
852:
794:
792:
745:
741:volcanic ash
727:
717:between the
692:
604:
569:
549:
531:
508:
504:
488:
469:
466:
435:
431:Newfoundland
412:
411:
371:
348:
329:
312:
299:
287:Lowest point
286:
273:
258:Land borders
257:
243:
223:
182:
168:
154:
125:
22:old revision
19:
18:
3573:Territories
3554:Nova Scotia
2102:Grand Falls
2066:Fortune Bay
2053:Grand Banks
1954:Mount Pearl
1914:blueberries
1888:and in the
1876:Agriculture
1866:Grand Falls
1862:paper mills
1835:Aquaculture
1773:December 31
1764:Grand Banks
1671:paper mills
1527:Gulf Stream
1521:. The cold
1519:Grand Banks
1508:Nova Scotia
1431:Fresh water
1426:Hydrography
1404:Quebec City
1355:February 15
1341:Nor'easters
1183:Pine Marten
1175:Canada Lynx
1155:White Birch
1086:Arctic Hare
1078:Arctic Wolf
965:, and rock
959:sea urchins
881:<ref>
752:Precambrian
623:Lewis Hills
611:metamorphic
592:Bell Island
580:Precambrian
564:Bell Island
322:sq. mi
210: /
20:This is an
3406:2007-10-26
3385:2008-06-17
3363:2008-06-17
3341:2007-10-26
3320:2008-06-17
3299:2008-06-17
3253:2008-06-17
3231:2006-06-17
3210:2008-06-17
3189:2008-06-17
3164:2008-06-17
3136:2008-06-17
3112:2008-06-17
3070:2007-07-30
3049:2008-07-22
3024:2008-07-22
2999:2007-07-24
2977:2008-06-17
2953:2008-06-17
2931:2008-06-17
2906:2008-06-17
2885:2008-06-17
2864:2008-06-17
2843:2008-06-17
2822:2008-07-23
2801:2008-06-17
2761:2008-06-17
2715:2008-06-17
2693:2008-06-17
2647:2008-06-17
2625:2008-06-17
2601:2008-07-18
2577:2008-07-18
2556:2008-06-17
2535:2008-06-17
2509:2008-06-16
2485:2008-06-16
2457:2008-06-16
2430:2008-06-16
2406:2008-06-17
2349:2008-06-16
2326:2008-06-17
2298:2008-06-16
2274:2008-06-16
2223:2008-06-16
2192:References
2135:Aboriginal
2098:paper mill
1995:John Cabot
1963:See also:
1946:St. John's
1922:bakeapples
1882:St. John's
1815:, such as
1760:oil fields
1757:Terra Nova
1753:White Rose
1725:producing
1611:Time zones
1546:oil fields
1543:Terra Nova
1539:White Rose
1463:See also:
1257:St. John's
1147:Balsam Fir
1143:coniferous
1139:phosphorus
1106:Polar Bear
1082:Arctic Fox
1058:permafrost
1042:Polar Bear
1019:Fin Whales
1015:Sei Whales
907:amphibians
847:See also:
700:ophiolites
651:monadnocks
647:inselbergs
639:Grand Lake
627:Gros Morne
588:Ordovician
539:See also:
491:St. John's
405:hydropower
234:Ranked 7th
3660:Volcanoes
3646:Mountains
3512:Provinces
3273:ignored (
2735:ignored (
2667:ignored (
2369:ignored (
2243:ignored (
2129:Goose Bay
2115:mines at
1898:rutabagas
1886:Deer Lake
1858:Newsprint
1829:seal hunt
1813:Shellfish
1617:time zone
1605:seal hunt
1577:Greenland
1531:petroleum
1420:Vancouver
1400:Halifax's
1127:Ptarmigan
1098:Musk Oxen
1023:Humpbacks
999:porpoises
955:sea slugs
935:barnacles
889:help page
887:(see the
838:Gray Wolf
830:Great Auk
796:biosphere
789:Biosphere
635:Deer Lake
607:Paleozoic
401:petroleum
361:subarctic
357:mountains
338:Temperate
244:Coastline
156:Continent
3710:Category
3680:Category
3600:See also
3534:Manitoba
3491:National
3262:cite web
2724:cite web
2656:cite web
2358:cite web
2232:cite web
2176:Labrador
2165:See also
2159:Beothuks
2153:and the
2151:Labrador
2113:iron ore
2109:Labrador
2096:and the
2092:mine at
2057:outports
2011:Portugal
1983:Beothuks
1932:making.
1894:Potatoes
1853:Forestry
1809:mackerel
1749:Hibernia
1729:such as
1723:Quarries
1697:mine in
1685:mine at
1683:iron ore
1667:sawmills
1589:shipping
1573:glaciers
1569:icebergs
1535:Hibernia
1445:glaciers
1435:Shallow
1416:Victoria
1408:Regina's
1388:Argentia
1374:April 11
1306:humidity
1199:Muskrats
1135:nitrogen
1090:lemmings
995:dolphins
975:sculpins
963:starfish
923:seaweeds
818:seawater
734:metazoan
695:tectonic
655:Glaciers
584:Cambrian
517:for the
446:tectonic
427:Labrador
79:contribs
38:contribs
3616:Islands
3590:Nunavut
3539:Ontario
3524:Alberta
2155:Mi'kmaq
2094:Buchans
2041:Ireland
2037:England
2026:whalers
2007:England
1987:Vikings
1910:cabbage
1906:carrots
1902:turnips
1884:, near
1843:mussels
1805:herring
1801:halibut
1797:haddock
1789:fishing
1768:barrels
1762:on the
1735:granite
1703:Buchans
1663:fishery
1600:sea ice
1575:on the
1563:In the
1441:bedrock
1331:in the
1233:Climate
1195:Beavers
1179:Red Fox
1066:lichens
987:Haddock
983:Halibut
979:Cunners
899:Coyotes
863:endemic
861:), are
826:extinct
813:ice age
755:igneous
737:fossils
685:within
667:ice age
546:Geology
527:Nunavut
513:is the
350:Terrain
331:Climate
267:Nunavut
198:57°00â˛W
195:51°00â˛N
170:Country
3623:Rivers
3544:Quebec
3484:Canada
2117:Wabush
2090:copper
2045:France
2023:Basque
2015:France
1821:shrimp
1715:silver
1707:copper
1695:nickel
1687:Wabush
1655:mining
1494:. The
1458:Canada
1453:rivers
1313:Canada
1269:Wabush
1261:Gander
1246:tundra
1213:, and
1201:, and
1189:, and
1092:, and
1070:mosses
1062:shrubs
1011:Minkes
1003:whales
1001:, and
991:sharks
927:Wracks
909:, but
867:Brayas
840:. The
828:: the
805:tundra
801:biomes
723:mantle
708:UNESCO
631:graben
511:Quebec
476:tundra
456:. The
421:. The
419:Canada
397:silver
389:copper
381:nickel
365:arctic
342:arctic
294:, 0 m
263:Quebec
176:Canada
3630:Lakes
3580:Yukon
3183:(PDF)
3130:(PDF)
2925:(PDF)
2595:(PDF)
2147:MĂŠtis
2143:Inuit
2019:Spain
1979:Inuit
1825:clams
1731:slate
1474:Ocean
1449:lakes
1243:polar
1167:Moose
1094:voles
967:crabs
931:Kelps
915:toads
911:frogs
809:taiga
719:crust
683:fjord
681:is a
625:and
619:horst
473:polar
379:ore,
3279:help
2741:help
2673:help
2375:help
2249:help
2145:and
2139:Innu
2088:and
2086:zinc
2082:lead
2068:and
2043:and
2021:and
2017:and
1977:and
1975:Innu
1956:and
1930:wine
1928:and
1926:jams
1920:and
1908:and
1845:and
1823:and
1817:crab
1807:and
1787:The
1777:2006
1755:and
1733:and
1719:gold
1717:and
1711:zinc
1669:and
1624:and
1541:and
1513:The
1467:and
1439:and
1437:soil
1418:and
1378:1984
1359:1982
1225:and
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