291:) for Li Shaohong, to oversee the three financial agencies (which were responsible for taxation, treasury, and salt and iron monopolies). The move, however, did not appease Li Shaohong, and instead only created an additional layer of oversight for financial matters, which created more paperwork for the local governments. At that time, Guo himself was drawing resentment from many others due to his control on both military and political matters, and therefore tried to resign the chief of staff post and have it transferred to Li Shaohong, but Emperor Zhuangzong did not approve Guo's resignation.
326:, Emperor Zhuangzong instead sent Li Siyuan. When Li Siyuan got to Yedu, however, his own troops mutinied and forced him to join forces with the Yedu rebels. With his communication lines with Emperor Zhuangzong cut off, Li Siyuan decided to embrace the mutiny, and he advanced south toward Luoyang. Emperor Zhuangzong prepared to launch his own army from Luoyang to combat Li Siyuan, but as he was prepared to depart Luoyang, he was killed in a mutiny at Luoyang itself.
318:, and the deaths of Guo and Li Jilin caused many mutinies throughout the realm, with many generals suspected of being complicit in those mutinies. Li Siyuan was frequently rumored to be involved, but Li Shaohong, who was friendly with him, protected him, so Emperor Zhuangzong took no actions against him. Meanwhile, after Guo's death, Li Shaohong became chief of staff.
302:, who had flattered Li Shaohong. However, Guo opposed on the grounds that Li Shaoqin was wicked and had contributed to Later Liang's destruction, and also opposed Li Siyuan (on the grounds that Li Siyuan would be necessary to be available for defending against another potential Khitan incursion). Instead, Guo recommended putting Emperor Zhuangzong's oldest son
265:
Tianping for Wei
Prefecture and Liyang, with the two states formally setting their boundary at the Yellow River. Guo opposed, however, believing that this was the time to use Tianping as a launchpad to destroy Later Liang. Emperor Zhuangzong agreed with Guo, and shortly after launched a surprise attack from Tianping against the Later Liang capital
221:. However, the ambitious Guo Chongtao did not want to again effectively serve under Li Shaohong (who was more senior), and therefore instead recommended a senior holdover eunuch from Tang dynasty times, Zhang Juhan, to serve as chief of staff with himself. Instead, Li Shaohong was made the director of palace affairs (宣徽使,
321:
Soon, a mutiny at the major city of Yedu (鄴都, i.e., Tianxiong's capital) was causing
Emperor Zhuangzong much concern. Li Shaohong again recommended Li Shaoqin to command the army against the Yedu mutiny, and Emperor Zhuangzong initially agreed. However, after Li Shaoqin selected many officers from
264:
had rebelled against
Emperor Zhuangzong and submitted to Later Liang recently.) At that time, the Later Tang army's military supplies were low, and there were rumors of an impending major Khitan attack to the north. Li Shaohong advocated negotiating a peace accord with Later Liang — exchanging
353:, and Li Shaoying (李紹英), all tried to persuade Li Siyuan to take the throne. Li Siyuan initially declined, but eventually agreed, taking the throne as Emperor Mingzong. After Emperor Mingzong took the throne, Li Shaohong requested that his former surname of Ma be restored. He died in 932.
174:), Li Cunxu personally assumed the command of Lulong, but sent Li Shaohong to Lulong to oversee the circuit in Li Sizhao's place. (Shortly after Li Shaohong's departure for Lulong, Meng resigned from the position of chief of staff, leaving Li Shaohong's and Meng's deputy
313:
came to suspect that Guo was planning to rebel and take the Former Shu territory for himself; she therefore ordered Li Jiji to put Guo to death, and Li Jiji did in spring 926. Shortly after Guo's death, Emperor
Zhuangzong also executed another major general,
322:
the former Later Liang army ranks, Emperor
Zhuangzong came to suspect him, and cancelled his commission. With many officials recommending Li Siyuan, including Li Shaohong and the senior official
273:
committed suicide, ending Later Liang. Emperor
Zhuangzong, while praising Guo and Li Siyuan for their contributions in this victory, did not demote or punish Li Shaohong.
654:
215:(as Emperor Zhuangzong). Shortly after, he summoned Li Shaohong back from Lulong, apparently considering making him one of the two chiefs of staff (now renamed
228:
At that time, Later Tang was at a crucial juncture in
Emperor Zhuangzong's long-term war against Later Liang — while Emperor Zhuangzong's adoptive brother
166:, but soon thereafter, apparently believing that it was ill-advised to send Li Sizhao far away from his own Zhaoyi Circuit (昭義, headquartered in modern
244:
boundary. (Tianping was south of the Yellow River, but Later Liang had recently captured Later Tang's key garrisons Wei
Prefecture (衛州, in modern
287:
Shortly after, Guo, knowing that Li
Shaohong resented him, tried to placate Li Shaohong by establishing the post of monitor of finances (內勾使,
298:. He first requested Li Shaohong's opinion on the right commander for the army, and Li Shaohong recommended the former Later Liang general
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649:
460:
97:, did not have a biography for him at all, making only a brief condemning reference to him at the end of the biography of his colleague
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60:
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619:
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had recently launched a successful surprise attack against Later Liang's
Tianping Circuit (天平, headquartered in modern
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435:
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93:
77:
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serving as Li Siyuan's deputy and Li Shaohong as the monitor of the army. Shortly after, the Khitan army withdrew.
310:
88:
45:
309:
After Li Jiji and Guo conquered Former Shu shortly after, however, Emperor Zhuangzong's wife (Li Jiji's mother)
335:
334:
When Li Siyuan subsequently arrived at Luoyang, many senior officials, including Li Shaohong, Zhang Juhan, the
229:
37:
669:
306:
in command. Emperor Zhuangzong agreed, and also made Guo Li Jiji's deputy, in actual command of the army.
276:
In 924, when Khitan did attack You Prefecture again, Emperor Zhuangzong, who had by that point established
159:
664:
639:
294:
In 925, Emperor Zhuangzong wanted to launch a major attack to destroy Later Tang's southwestern neighbor
125:
64:
63:, who served Emperor Zhuangzong during his reign as emperor and, previously to that, as the Prince of
91:, other than giving his original family name of Ma. (The other official history of the period, the
198:, it was Li Shaohong who defended Lulong's capital You Prefecture (幽州) against the Khitan attack.
116:
The first historical reference to Ma was in 919, when he was then serving, alongside the officer
53:
87:— did not give details on Ma Shaohong's family origins, or how he became a eunuch serving under
183:
8:
644:
57:
21:
598:
412:
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as his capital, sent Li Siyuan north to defend against the Khitan attack, with
83:
633:
117:
463:, her epitaph referred her as the eldest daughter of Li Keyong and born by
323:
241:
195:
187:
179:
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158:) had been killed in battle on Li Cunxu's campaign against Jin's archrival
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26:
17:
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315:
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110:
98:
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212:
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invaded Jin to assist the Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern
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106:
459:
referred Meng Zhixiang's wife as daughter of Li Cunxu's younger uncle
349:, Fu Xi (符習), Huo (who was using the name Li Shaozhen at this point),
101:.) At some point during his service of Li Cunxu, he was bestowed the
299:
233:
163:
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the military governor of Lulong Circuit (盧龍, headquartered in modern
120:(the husband of Li Cunxu's elder sister), as a chief of staff (中門使,
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261:
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217:
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260:), north of the Yellow River, and Li Sizhao's son and successor
269:. Daliang was caught defenseless, and the Later Liang emperor
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240:), capturing it, the two states were largely stalemated on the
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143:
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had also been given), and thus became known as Li Shaohong.
253:
162:. In 919, Li Cunxu briefly replaced Zhou with his cousin
150:) Circuits. In 918, Li Cunxu's highly regarded general
211:
In 923, Li Cunxu declared himself the emperor of a new
75:
Traditional histories — including the official history
206:
329:
128:, in Li Cunxu's capacity as the military governor (
467:, thus she was the full eldest sister of Li Cunxu.
631:
44:) (died May 18, 932), known during the reign of
655:Jin (Later Tang precursor) government officials
142:) and Tianxiong (天雄, headquartered in modern
124:) for Li Cunxu, who was then the Prince of
550:
548:
178:as the new chief of staff.) In 921, when
531:
529:
512:
510:
508:
491:
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457:The Autumn and Spring of the Ten Kingdoms
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405:
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134:) of Hedong (河東, headquartered in modern
447:While many historical resources such as
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368:
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632:
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505:
486:
470:
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61:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
382:
363:
201:
660:Jin (Later Tang precursor) generals
13:
650:Jin (Later Tang precursor) eunuchs
67:(Later Tang's predecessor state).
56:official/general during the early
14:
681:
587:Old History of the Five Dynasties
571:Old History of the Five Dynasties
431:New History of the Five Dynasties
390:Old History of the Five Dynasties
373:Old History of the Five Dynasties
207:During Emperor Zhuangzong's reign
94:New History of the Five Dynasties
78:Old History of the Five Dynasties
330:After Emperor Zhuangzong's death
225:). He thereafter resented Guo.
46:Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang
564:
441:
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109:(which Li Cunxu's grandfather
41:
1:
449:New History of Five Dynasties
70:
252:) and Liyang (黎陽, in modern
7:
10:
686:
15:
52:(李紹宏), was a powerful
357:Notes and references
105:imperial surname of
670:Later Tang shumishi
465:Empress Dowager Cao
345:, and the generals
665:Later Tang eunuchs
640:9th-century births
81:and the chronicle
202:During Later Tang
677:
578:
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194:) rebels led by
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12:
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5:
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599:Zizhi Tongjian
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563:
555:Zizhi Tongjian
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536:Zizhi Tongjian
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517:Zizhi Tongjian
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496:Zizhi Tongjian
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477:Zizhi Tongjian
469:
453:Zizhi Tongjian
440:
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413:Zizhi Tongjian
399:
381:
361:
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331:
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84:Zizhi Tongjian
72:
69:
48:(Li Cunxu) as
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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184:Emperor Taizu
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180:Khitan Empire
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118:Meng Zhixiang
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324:Zhang Quanyi
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242:Yellow River
227:
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196:Zhang Chujin
188:Shijiazhuang
176:Guo Chongtao
129:
121:
115:
103:Tang dynasty
92:
82:
76:
74:
49:
33:
32:
25:
18:Chinese name
351:Li Shaoqian
347:Zhu Shouyin
311:Empress Liu
160:Later Liang
122:Zhongmenshi
111:Li Guochang
99:Zhang Juhan
50:Li Shaohong
34:Ma Shaohong
22:family name
645:932 deaths
634:Categories
336:chancellor
300:Li Shaoqin
296:Former Shu
282:Huo Yanwei
223:Xuanhuishi
213:Later Tang
152:Zhou Dewei
71:During Jin
461:Li Kerang
289:Neigoushi
230:Li Siyuan
164:Li Sizhao
602:, vols.
559:vol. 275
540:vol. 274
521:vol. 273
500:vol. 272
481:vol. 271
418:vol. 270
339:Doulu Ge
316:Li Jilin
271:Zhu Zhen
262:Li Jitao
238:Shandong
218:Shumishi
168:Changzhi
131:Jiedushi
89:Li Cunxu
16:In this
592:vol. 72
575:vol. 35
436:vol. 38
395:vol. 72
377:vol. 43
343:Wei Yue
304:Li Jiji
278:Luoyang
267:Daliang
156:Beijing
136:Taiyuan
58:Chinese
38:Chinese
246:Puyang
234:Tai'an
172:Shanxi
144:Handan
140:Shanxi
54:eunuch
40::
20:, the
258:Henan
250:Henan
192:Hebei
148:Hebei
455:and
341:and
254:Hebi
624:275
620:274
616:273
612:272
608:271
604:270
182:'s
126:Jin
65:Jin
42:馬紹宏
24:is
636::
622:,
618:,
614:,
610:,
606:,
590:,
573:,
557:,
547:^
538:,
528:^
519:,
507:^
498:,
488:^
479:,
451:,
434:,
416:,
402:^
393:,
375:,
365:^
256:,
248:,
236:,
190:,
170:,
146:,
138:,
107:Li
27:Ma
626:.
594:.
577:.
561:.
542:.
523:.
502:.
483:.
438:.
420:.
397:.
379:.
36:(
30:.
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