588:. Ramey Incised and Powell Plain are two varieties that emerged during the Stirling Phase, and are considered two of the most important local varieties. A distinctive trait of this period is the shell temper. The cores of the sherds are typically a range of greys to buffs and creams. Some have slips of liquid clay and pigment with common colors being red, grey, and black and the surfaces polished to a high sheen. Although their attributes are nearly identical, there are major differences. While the Powell Plain has an unadorned surface, Ramey Incised are burnished and decorated with a series of incised motifs decorating the upper shoulders of the jar most often interpreted as having underworld or water connections. The incised decoration is added when the clay is still wet by tracing a design with a blunt-ended tool. The specific shapes and incised motifs are used to place the artifacts securely into the local chronology. Most have been found in association with high status items fashioned from exotic materials and associated with specialized structures such as mortuaries and temples, and were almost certainly vessels used exclusively by the elites and for ritual purposes. As the influence of the Cahokian religion, lifestyle and trade network expanded outward from its
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fired, any water left in the clay will tend to quickly turn to steam and explode the vessel wall in a spawl. It takes care and time to dry these vessels before they can be fired safely. Moreover, as even a well-tempered vessel dries, shrinkage rates vary around the contours of the form and will create strains that will crack an air-drying vessel if the drying is not slowed and controlled. A high shrinkage rate probably meant much effort lost to broken pots in both the drying and firing stages for inexperienced potters and ineffective technologies. Woodland potters attempted to remedy the high shrinkage by using large amounts (up to 33%) of coarse sand and/or grog temper in their efforts to render the clay usable for vessel construction. Moreover, their vessel shapes were necessarily confined to either a flat or conical-bottomed vessel. A thick-walled construction was required in order for the vessel to stand, in an unfired state, without collapsing during the air-drying process in preparation for firing. Non-backswamp clays used in many parts of the world could use grog and/or sand and create a round-bottomed vessel, favored by the cook, but not so with the "gumbo" clays of the
Mississippi Valley.
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polychrome pottery has representational motifs painted with red, white, and black pigments. The red and white are applied as slips of colored clay, while the black was made from carbon and applied with a negative or resist technique. Similar in manufacture to the engraved ceramics, the painted pottery has thin walls, was tempered with finely ground mussel shell and was given a polished exterior. This style comes in two major shapes, a bottle with a spherical body and a narrow curving neck and a terraced rectangular bowl that is a
Moundville specialty. The rectangular bowl is a vertical-sided, flat-bottomed, rectangular vessel with an eccentric rim, specifically with one side lower than the other three so as to display the containers contents. The designs painted on the rectangular vessels are similar to motifs found on other locally produced wares and include the oblong emblem with an embedded cross-in-circle motif(thought to be a graphic representation of a scalp stretched on a hoop), the hand, the skull, the ogee, concentric circles, rayed concentric circles, rayed semicircles, and rayed spirals.
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208:) has the effect of neutralizing the ionic charge of the clay particles. During the course of replicative pottery experiments, as the shell was added to the clay in the presence of water, distinct and immediate changes took place in the feel of the clay. With the valence neutral, the clay-temper combination produces a very satisfactory pottery clay. This modification of backswamp clay – particles now clumping instead of constantly slipping – into a well-behaved modeling clay would have been immediately noticed by the experienced prehistoric potter.
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to establish such insights. Combined with other evidence, the study of pottery artifacts is helpful in the development of theories on organisation, economic conditions and cultural development. Although the vast majority of
Mississippian pottery was produced for daily utilitarian uses, the finer varieties seem to have been made specifically for trade or for ritual use. The study of this pottery has allowed inferences to be drawn about the daily life, religion, social relationships, and trade with other groups.
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236:. Implements such as sticks, reeds, or bone fragments, were dragged through wet clay to incise it, or they were scratched into the surface of the dried but as yet unfired pieces to engrave. Sharpened reeds or fingernails were also used to punch small marks. Ornate designs and motifs are common decorative elements, which archaeologists use to track the spread of influences from one culture onto another culture. Many of the designs have symbolic meanings, usually associated with aspects of the
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temper – some instances being so finely ground as to look untempered. Extravagant fine serving wares and grave goods were also produced, with some examples exhibiting handles shaped like animal heads and tails, or in the shapes of animal or human forms. Women were probably the makers of pottery, as they were in most other Native
American cultures. Archaeologists found 11 polishing pebbles and a mushroom-shaped pottery anvil in the grave of a woman at the
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plate-like particles of backswamp clay are so small that they are influenced by the ionic charges at their edges. The collective ionic charge acts to cause the clay plates to repel each other and thus slip and slide against each other. The shell particles, also plate-like, were produced by the
Mississippian potter by collecting then burning freshwater mussel shells, which were originally most likely a byproduct of harvesting the meat for food.
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stronger vessel. Thinner coils to make thinner walled vessel were a natural consequence. As the potter was probably also the cook, she was now able to construct a more effective cooking pot. Thinner walls allowed heat to transfer to the food more effectively. A round vessel bottom allows easy stirring of the contents, a more even dissipation of the cooking heat and also permits a more even dispersion of the shock of impacts reducing breakage.
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improved set of technologies for horticulture, hunting and crafting. The bow and arrow, improved corn domestication and shell-tempered pottery wares were major technical advances which, along with widespread trade, contributed to the formation of the advanced chiefdom societies populating the
Eastern United States. These interacting chiefdoms were observed by the earliest of European contacts during the mid-16th century.
184:(primarily silica) and a high proportion of organic content. This is caused by the slow settling or deposition of the alluvial materials after floods. The clay particles tend to measure just a few micrometres in size and in plate-like form. Large amounts of water can be tightly held in the interspace between the clay particles. Add to this the organic ooze, and one has what is known colloquially as "gumbo" clay.
1196:. An actual mining company was formed (the Pocola Mining Company) to loot the Spiro site, and over a couple of years time many of the more delicate contents were destroyed as the looters dynamited the mortuary mound to gain entrance to its interior. They dynamited the Great Mortuary of Spiro in 1934, and this destruction spurred preservationists to pass laws protecting American archaeological sites.
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test-tiles could be produced for examination. Test tiles gave information about the shrinkage rates of various clay/temper combinations to the 'green' state and yielded further information upon firing. Simple, round-bottom cooking jars were built using coil construction and the
Mississippian pottery tool set, including a pottery anvil, wooden paddle, mussel shell scrapers and polishing stones.
584:, produced some of the finest and most widely spread ceramics. Pottery from the Cahokia site was especially fine, exhibiting smooth surfaces, very thin walls, and distinctive tempering, slips and coloring. Archaeologists have recorded how these qualities changed and evolved through time, and most examples can be pinpointed very accurately within the phases of the sites
852:- These compositions combine a checklist of motifs that include the skull, human hand, the forearm bone, trophy scalps stretched on a hoop, and the head of a raptor. Depictions of skulls show what are arguably scalp marks at the back of the head. Occasionally is included in the mix of motifs. These motifs are theorized to represent the
846:, the radial T-bar, or a dimple with a number of geometric ribbon-like bands extending outward. It is believed that the designs have cosmological connections to the four quarters or quadrants of the universe. Sometimes other motifs such as three conjoined fingers radiate out from the central symbols at the semi-cardinal points.
725:, a distinctive pottery tradition emerged, unmistakable because of its designs, materials and fine execution. These early pots were often grog tempered, although sometimes finely ground bone was used. Two main forms emerged that would become Caddoan pottery standards for the next 1000 years, a long slender necked bottle and a
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As
Europeans began to settle in the lush river valleys of the Midwest and Southeast, they discovered the abandoned village sites and monumental architecture left behind by the former Mississippian culture inhabitants of the region. Many were leveled for fields or dug into by treasure hunters. In some
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pottery spans most of the 14th and the first half of the 15th century CE In this time period there were more than likely only a few potters working in this style at any one time and in some cases archaeologists have found signature features that suggest a specific potter made multiple known examples.
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The coming of
Europeans and the attendant population loss, forced moves, and changing economy saw the end of the Caddo pottery tradition in the 18th century, and by the end of the 19th century only vestiges of the tradition survived. The last of the original tradition of Caddo pottery was made in the
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pottery is a locally produced ware with a distinctive engraving tradition. It is found in the graves of commoners and the elite alike, as well as being found in domestic settings. The other variety consists of painted vessels, many of which were not produced locally. Unlike the engraved pottery, the
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The research discovered that there were very good reasons for using shell tempering for
Mississippi Valley clays. The nature of clays formed by such a large meandering river system are distinctive. The huge annually flooded backswamp areas create a clay that is composed of very minute clay particles
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study of the pottery has provided one of the best insights into the culture. Because pottery is durable and often survives long after artifacts made from less durable materials have decayed past recognition, ceramics and stone tools are often the only objects that survive in great enough quantities
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form of bottles and bowls. Caddo pottery is considered to be some of the finest Mississippian pottery because of its thinness, symmetry, and very smooth finish, with some of its best examples being bottle forms with extensive geometric engravings. Pieces are often dark brown and black with a glossy
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being grown in the valley, and thus sustaining larger and healthier populations in evidence in the archeological record. Around 800 CE, shell-tempered pottery spread widely and rapidly from the middle Mississippi River valley to become an integral part of the expanding Mississippian culture and its
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The x-ray diffraction of a sample from an unfired lump of pottery clay excavated at the Zebree (3MS20) site confirmed that the shell was burned before being added to the raw clay. Burning the shells eliminates the organic binder and the cooled, burnt shells are easily crushed into a shell temper of
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is a diagnostic criterion in the identification of Mississippian cultures and their ceramic artifacts, excavated site strata, and archeological site surveys in general. The record indicates that around 800 CE, early populations of Mississippian peoples produced shell-tempered pottery in the Central
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at an archaeological dig in Cross County, Arkansas found the first reported example. Approximately 200 whole and fragmentary head pots are in private and public collections. Each is unique and it is thought because of the shapes of their eyes and half opened mouths that they are representations of
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Most pottery found at Mississippian sites is of the variety known as "Mississippian Bell Plain." It is buff colored, contains large fragments of ground mussel shell as a tempering agent, and is not as smooth and polished as finer varieties. Higher quality ceramics feature a finer ground shell as a
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paste. Shell tempering is one of the hallmarks of Mississippian cultural practices. Analysis of local differences in materials, techniques, forms, and designs is a primary means for archaeologists to learn about the lifeways, religious practices, trade, and interaction among Mississippian peoples.
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Hooded bottles or vessels were globular containers, resembling gourds, with a rounded base and a smaller "head." One side of the head was shaped like an animal or human face, while the other side was a black, hollow opening. They were slipped on their exterior surface. A theory is that these were
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Such clay has a high "shrink-swell" ratio depending upon the amount of water present. As it dries from a saturated to a dry state, it shrinks greatly – as seen in the cracked clay deposits of drying flooded areas – and this characteristic presents a serious problem to the potter. As the vessel is
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pottery. Woodland vessels tend to have thicker walls, flat or conical bases and a large amount of either coarse sand or grog used as temper. Mississippian vessels generally have thinner vessel walls, obvious white flecks of shell temper, and round-bottomed pottery forms. For decades archeologists
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became a cottage industry, as the value of the pots increased in demand on the art and antiquities markets. Many states as well as the US federal government now have laws prohibiting the looting of such sites, although the high prices these objects command on the black market has seen these laws
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was initially used as a pottery temper before shell became the popular choice. Rounded bowls and spherical jars are the most common forms, sometimes with embellished rims and handles. Salt pans, platters, bottles, and effigies have also been unearthed. Cord-marked, coarse-tempered wares were for
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Both amateur collectors as well as professional archeologists have long known that shell-tempered pottery is characteristic of the middle and lower Mississippi Valley. "Grave diggers" and amateur collectors have plundered many Mississippian mounds for the fine funerary effigies and other vessels
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Used to process salt, salt pans were large, ovular, shallow clay pans that could hold from 10 to 26 liters. A heavy slip made them more waterproof. They were most likely formed from a mold, possibly a basket. They were lined with grass or textiles to keep from sticking to each other or the mold
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Adding as little as 10–15% shell temper created an excellent pottery paste that was lighter, stronger and more able to withstand the drying process, and the clay's originally high plasticity was subdued. The calcium carbonate of the freshwater mussels also acts as a binding agent and created a
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Another and perhaps even more immediate challenge to the potter using the available backswamp clay is its extreme stickiness, which is called plasticity in ceramic terminology. All but the coarsest of clays are somewhat plastic and malleable in the presence of water; however, the minute, clay
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and the central Mississippi Valleys. This pottery was long thought to have been imported from these other areas as trade items, and modern chemical analysis has shown that much of it is. The same analysis has also proved that some of the pottery was made locally in the Moundville polity. The
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Some Mississippian culture pottery was decorated with textile imprints on them. Vegetal cordage or netting was impressed sometimes over the entire external surface of a vessel. Some archaeologists theorize that the textiles used for the imprints were older fabrics that were past their use as
821:- This theme involves a pair of woodpecker like birds with sinuous necks and crests tied in multiple knots around a central medallion or knot. It has a broad banded tail projecting below the center emblem. A variation of the theme features only the central medallion knot and projecting tail.
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A member of the team, Michael G. Million, also conducted replicative experiments, perhaps the first person to do so with the exact clays, tempers and tools used by prehistoric Mississippian potters. Pastes were created using a variety of temper-to-clay percentages so that vessels as well as
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and related state legislation, which made it clearer that such activities were illegal. The illegal digging of such objects destroys much of their archaeological value, as it removes its association from its surroundings. The situation in which an article is found, its level of burial, its
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Mississippian culture pottery was made from locally available clay sources, which often gives archaeologists clues as to where a specific example originated. The clay was tempered with an additive to keep it from shrinking and cracking in the drying and firing process, usually with ground
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produced red, orange, and brown slips. Vegetal pigments included roots, barks, and berries. A technique of "negative painting" involved painting the background and allowing the natural buff or grey of the clay to create the positive image. Beeswax or bear grease was sometimes used as a
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in Western North Carolina used sand as a tempering agent. Rim lugs and handles are absent, and vessel surfaces are either plain or decorated the "Complicated Stamped" style. The stamping paddles, made of wood or pottery, were impressed into unfired clay. Many stamps were salvaged from
794:. They are usually thin-walled bottles and bowls, tempered with finely ground mussel shell, and polished to a glossy black surface. About 150 whole and restored examples of this style are known. Although most have been found as grave goods, some show the marks of domestic use. The
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In the early 1970s, archeologists working in Northeast Arkansas for the Arkansas Archeological Survey began research into causes of Mississippi Valley potters' relatively sudden shift to shell temper. The team conducted research at the AAS Station Lab at
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origins, examples of its high status pottery went with it. Numerous examples have been found of local imitations of the exotic wares, albeit usually with less technical skill. Examples of Cahokian made or inspired wares have been found as far away as
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for liquids, figurative sculpture, and uniquely Mississippian forms such as head pots or hooded vessels. Funeral urns were either crafted specifically to hold human remains or were large utilitarian jars fitted with elaborately decorated lids.
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Chapter 20, The Cache River Archeological Project: An Experiment in Contract Archeology. Assembled by Michael B. Schiffer and John H. House. Arkansas Archeological Survey, Publications in Archeology, Research Series No. 8, 1975, pages
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surroundings and even its original condition are valuable in determining the history of many sites, all of which are lost when an object is removed in secret, unrecorded in its provenance, and lost to the antiquities black market.
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fine plate-like particles, some nearly powder. The hinges of the shells are discarded. Using burned shells is logical as unburned mussel shells are hard and very durable. In terms of soil technology, the addition of shell (
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of enemies or of their own honored dead. The pots often have painted surfaces, engraved lines representing tattooing and in some cases holes representing ear and nose piercing. Several fine examples are on display at the
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Archaeologists have also dated the ceramics and found that the most expertly made pieces were done in the 14th century. These earlier pieces also show more influences from outside thematic sources, specifically early
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used to store seed grain, and unfired clay plugs, such as Kersey Clay Objects, sealed the opening. Another theory is that the bottles were used for liquids. Owls and opossums are often featured on hooded vessels.
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shell engravings from the Central Mississippi Valley. As the 15th century progressed, less competency is shown by the potters, which may indicate that less importance was attached to this particular artform.
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is some of the finest known in North America. It is usually found in the areas of Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas and Oklahoma. About 1200 CE as the Caddoan culture emerged from local woodland cultures such as
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Griffin, James B., Prehistoric Cultures of the Central Mississippi Valley. In Archeology of Eastern United States, edited by James B. Griffin, pp. 226–238. University of Chicago Press, 1952, Chicago.
103:. Some decoration of the clay was done at this stage by incising, defenstrating, adding shapes, or stamping designs into the wet clay. After the piece had dried completely, it was fired in a wood fire.
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The potters used slab-built construction and the "coiling" method, which involved working the clay into a long string which was wound round to form a shape and then modeled to form smooth walls. The
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within mounds and surrounding village areas. Early professional surveys in the valley noted the preponderance of shell-tempered wares in large village sites throughout the valley alluvial plains.
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to define the image, and it would melt away in the firing process. Sometimes paint was worked into incised lines. Hematite could be heated to increase its spectrum from warm red to deep violet.
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Moore, Clarence B., Some Aboriginal Sites on Mississippi River, Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1911, Vol. XIV, Part III, pp. 365–476. Philadelphia.
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Head pots are jars shaped like human heads, typical male, and the figures commonly appear to be deceased. They are typically 3–8 inches tall, with smaller vessels found in the
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The benefits of shell-tempered pottery vessels to the Mississippian household were much more efficient utility containers for cooking, particularly the increasing amounts of
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Ceramic pipes often featured animal effigies. L-shaped elbow pipes were the most common form. A hollow reed or sourwood stem would be inserted into the pipe for smoking.
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Million, Michael G. (1975). "Chapter 20-Research Design for the Aboriginal Ceramic Industries of the Cache River Basin". In Michael B. Schiffer; John H. House (eds.).
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1207:, in part due to the controversy over Slack Farm). Prosecution on this charge was difficult in the late 1980s, in part because this predated the passage of the
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In 1987 ten looters paid $ 10,000 to dig at the Slack Farm property. After two months complaints by local people led to the arrest of the perpetrators for the
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Most slipped surface ceramics are the shell-tempered light red Monks Mound Red type, with black and brown ceramics with grog and grit temper still occurring.
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798:, while similar to engraved pottery from the Tennessee Valley, the Mississippi Valley, and the Gulf Coast, reflects a distinctive local interpretation of
443:. They are considered to be the pinnacle of the Mississippian culture ceramics and are some of the rarest and most unusual clay vessels in North America.
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435:. The polychrome pots feature red, cream, and black slip on buff clay. Most were made between 1200 and 1500 CE in the Central Mississippi Valley area of
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The most ubiquitous form of Mississippian pottery is the "standard Mississippi jar," or a globular jar with a recurved rim and subtle should. In the
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with a serrated crest, and Forked Eye Surround Motif. But, unlike raptor images from other localities(such as the Dancing birdman copper plates or
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made from a mixture of sifted fine clay or paint and buffed to a high finish. The first Europeans to encounter Caddoan pottery were members of the
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1056:. Throughout the southeast, samples of negative pottery can be found, featuring circles, crosses, and rings of dark slip on lighter backgrounds.
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negative-painted pottery only seems to have been used by the elites at the Moundville site itself, and have not been found outside of the site.
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A variety of bichrome and polychrome vessels have also been found at Moundville. Stylistically they closely resemble pottery found along the
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in the American Midwest and Southeast. It is often characterized by the adoption and use of riverine (or more rarely marine) shell-
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Mississippian ceramics took many forms, from earplugs, beads, smoking pipes, discs, to cooking pots, serving dishes, bottles or
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That country is populous and abundant. Pottery is made there of clay, little differing from that of Estremoz or Montemor.
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Effigy pots were a mainstay of many Mississippian peoples, although they come in many different varieties. Some come in
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have examined, sorted, described and stored Woodland sherds from those of Mississippian vessels with relative ease.
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shapes and others in the shape of mythological creatures associated with the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex.
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Shepard, Anna O., Ceramics for the Archaeologist, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1956, Publication 609.
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Nodena- An Account of 90 years of Archaeological Investigation in Southeast Mississippi County, Arkansas
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2017:"Grave robbers and academics:Fascinating book recounts the struggle for rich cache of Indian artifacts"
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1469:. Research Series No. 8. Arkansas Archeological Survey, Publications in Archeology. pp. 217–222.
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Expedition in 1541, who described it as matching even the finest potters of their European homeland.
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Pottery has been used to define phase sequences for Southern Appalachian Mississippian cultures.
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828:- Similar to other falcon and eagle motifs of the S.E.C.C., this variation depicts a hooked beak
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Chronologies based on pottery have been essential for dating Mississippian cultures. Along with
842:- This theme usually has a central symbol such as the cross-and-circle, concentric circles, the
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Powell Plain and Ramey-Incised appear for the first time, tempering is predominantly shell
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1707:"Messages, Meanings and Motfis: An Analysis of Ramey Incised Ceramics at the Aztalan Site"
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Bust showing how inhabitants of the Parkin site may have looked, based on an effigy pot
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regions differed dramatically from surrounding traditions; potters there used crushed
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3038:
2998:
2913:
2708:
2670:
2615:
2398:
2361:
2213:
2179:
2164:
2144:
2108:
1903:
1756:
1731:
1507:
1347:
1314:
758:
392:
253:
205:
144:
96:
1402:
Griffin, James B. (1952). "Prehistoric Cultures of the Central Mississippi Valley".
610:
4992:
4829:
4781:
4731:
4671:
4586:
4511:
4501:
4476:
4431:
4278:
4228:
4209:
4199:
4150:
4145:
3813:
3808:
3796:
3740:
3730:
3557:
3361:
3279:
3214:
2923:
2770:
2743:
2713:
2516:
2506:
2238:
1951:"Indians of Arkansas:The Mississippi Period-Southeastern Chiefdoms A.D. 900 – 1541"
1233:
948:
735:
602:
538:
481:
473:
152:
39:
1031:
cooking, and serving wares were fine-tempered and highly polished. Pottery of the
4885:
4839:
4591:
4536:
4526:
4386:
4165:
4095:
4090:
4070:
4037:
3920:
3861:
3818:
3801:
3786:
3547:
3517:
3249:
3013:
2978:
2968:
2928:
2650:
2597:
2557:
2481:
2443:
2316:
1189:
1049:
944:
731:
589:
465:
408:
290:
123:
52:
620:
4967:
4952:
4942:
4581:
4411:
4366:
4263:
4175:
4130:
3960:
3893:
3888:
3856:
3823:
3605:
3472:
3319:
3043:
2893:
2868:
2858:
2373:
2228:
1176:
1162:
1141:
1040:
811:
513:
Head pot from Arkansas on display at the National Museum of the American Indian
4844:
3976:
2123:
Research Design for the Aboriginal Ceramic Industries of the Cache River Basin
1417:
Fowler, Melvin L.; Hall, Robert L. (1972). "Archeological Phases at Cahokia".
58:
5063:
4824:
4819:
4711:
4661:
4656:
4641:
4631:
4626:
4376:
4253:
4065:
4042:
3903:
3723:
3652:
3610:
3567:
3527:
3502:
3356:
3289:
3284:
3254:
3103:
3078:
2988:
2938:
2853:
2790:
2723:
2476:
2423:
2331:
2141:
Early Art of the Southeastern Indians: Feathered Serpents and Winged Beings.
1859:
1728:
Winterville-Late Prehistoric Culture Contact In the Lower Mississippi Valley
1541:"A Comparative Study of the Swennes Woven Nettle Bag and Weaving Techniques"
92:
tempering (use of crushed-up potsherds) persisted into Mississippian times.
5027:
4982:
4932:
4922:
4902:
4870:
4771:
4726:
4706:
4491:
4471:
4436:
4351:
4336:
4155:
4027:
3950:
3750:
3713:
3582:
3482:
3433:
3336:
3294:
3068:
3033:
2898:
2873:
2800:
2785:
2775:
2763:
2675:
2660:
2577:
2532:
2276:
1467:
The Cache River Archeological Project: An Experiment in Contract Archeology
1277:"Museum of Native American Artifacts-MISSISSIPPIAN PERIOD 900 AD – 1450 AD"
1181:
1154:
1068:
Moundville vessel with frog designs, decorated rim, and rim lugs, photo by
1044:
931:
829:
76:
1799:
4880:
4761:
4741:
4606:
4466:
4456:
4341:
4085:
3851:
3703:
3647:
3595:
3309:
3166:
2953:
2863:
2807:
2758:
2537:
2428:
2403:
2356:
2341:
2105:
Sun Circles and Human Hands: the Southeastern Indians – Art and Industry.
1387:
Moore, Clarence B. (1911). "Some Aboriginal Sites on Mississippi River".
1200:
927:
606:
456:
399:, broken potsherds were rounded off and reused as discoidal game pieces.
116:
108:
89:
1500:
Sun Circles and Human Hands: the Southeastern Indians – Art and Industry
4917:
4814:
4686:
4601:
4426:
3600:
3552:
3522:
3462:
3269:
3028:
2838:
2780:
2738:
2728:
2582:
2461:
1180:
ignored. Two of the most widely publicized sites to be looted were the
952:
585:
452:
412:
349:
4516:
305:
for black were used to paint the pottery, with red and white spirals,
135:
4691:
4521:
3672:
3662:
3642:
3537:
3346:
3234:
3126:
2903:
2587:
2501:
2229:
Caddo Pottery-All the books I've read and what I've learned from them
2196:
1498:
Fundaburk, Emma Lila (2001) . Mary Douglass Fundaburk Foreman (ed.).
1027:
598:
233:
580:
Cahokia, Pre-Columbian North Americas largest civic center north of
4890:
4854:
4804:
4666:
4451:
3898:
3866:
3083:
3008:
2351:
2346:
843:
726:
440:
436:
306:
302:
298:
1730:. Mississippi Department of Archives and History. pp. 69–92.
4897:
4381:
4258:
4180:
3873:
3687:
3667:
3121:
3018:
2336:
2071:"Mississippi History Now:Archaeology and Prehistoric Mississippi"
1158:
1131:
Potsherd with a stamped design, Notla Mound, North Carolina, NMAI
396:
315:
229:
157:
1850:
761:(Caddo) single-handedly revived her tribe's ceramic traditions.
172:
involving macroscopic, microscopic, petrographic thin-sections,
4243:
3454:
3324:
2973:
2878:
1204:
802:. Five major themes have been identified as part of the style.
294:
85:
2273:
2103:
Fundaburk, Emma Lila and Mary Douglass Fundaburk Foreman, ed.
4987:
3657:
3403:
2933:
2795:
1753:
Sunwatch: Fort Ancient development in the Mississippian world
1203:
of "desecrating a venerable object" (a charge which is now a
836:), this theme does not combine human features with the avian.
769:
There are two major varieties of pottery associated with the
621:
Phases from Cahokia and markers for pottery changes over time
455:
of sorts, although it is unclear if they are meant to be the
375:
garments. Corncobs were also used to create texture on pots.
364:
Red and white painted beaker from the Parkin site in Arkansas
310:
216:
1851:
Steponaitis, Vincas P.; Knight, Vernon J. Jr. (2003-08-08).
4947:
624:
614:
384:
156:
Mississippi Valley at sites, such as the Fairmont Phase at
122:
Mississippian pottery is easily distinguished from earlier
43:
1993:"Stiff fines for site looting handed down in Burke County"
1389:
Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
2178:
Volume 14. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2004.
2136:, Arkansas Archeological Survey, Research Report 4, 1975.
1406:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 226–238.
1338:
525:
Bird effigy serving dish from the Nodena site in Arkansas
2100:. Illinois State Museum, Papers in Anthropology 1, 1972.
790:
pottery found at the Moundville site is categorized as
757:
late 19th century in Oklahoma. Beginning in the 1990s,
2107:
Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2001 (1957).
1210:
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
16:
Ceramics of the Mississippian culture (800 to 1600 CE)
1898:(1 ed.). University of Tennessee Press. p.
1892:
Sullivan, Lynne P.; Prezzano, Susan C. (2001-12-12).
75:
A diorama of a Mississippian culture potter from the
1484:. Vol. 609. Carnegie Institution of Washington.
968:
Oblong emblem with an embedded cross-in-circle motif
160:
and the Early Mississippian strata excavated at the
2174:
William C. Sturtevant and Raymond D. Fogelson, eds.
352:
painted beakers from the Moundville site in Alabama
268:
Engraved vessel from the Moundville site in Alabama
1443:, Research Report 4, Arkansas Archeological Survey
1346:. Arkansas Archaeological Survey Research Series.
223:
1853:"Moundville Art in Historical and Social Context"
1249:Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas
1016:Rectangular, vertical-sided, flat-bottomed vessel
88:shells. In some locations the older tradition of
5061:
2224:Mississippian pottery from Arkansas and Missouri
2197:Weinstein, Richard A.; Dumas, Ashley A. (2008).
1891:
1004:Polychrome vessel and ceremonial axes and blades
938:
709:Caddoan Mississippian pottery on display at the
280:Engraved beaker from the Parkin site in Arkansas
4006:
2163:Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1990.
1774:
1772:
1672:
1670:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1021:
773:site and the surrounding areas of Alabama. The
537:Hooded bottle from Arkansas, collection of the
2176:Handbook of North American Indians: Southeast.
2050:"Sites:Slack Family Farm: Uniontown, Kentucky"
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1800:"Narratives of a career of a FIDALGO OF ELVAS"
1368:"Encyclopedia of Alabama-Mississippian Period"
1334:
1332:
1330:
1224:Ceramics of indigenous peoples of the Americas
164:(3MS20) at Big Lake in northeastern Arkansas.
3992:
2259:
2134:Report on excavations at the Zebree site 1969
1441:Report on excavations at the Zebree site 1969
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
856:, the journey of the dead into the afterlife.
730:finish achieved by the application of a fine
369:
228:Many Mississippian ceramics are decorated by
1769:
1667:
1598:
1493:
1491:
1434:
1432:
711:Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History
679:Limestone tempering has all but disappeared
62:A human head effigy pot from the Nodena site
2143:Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2004.
2062:
1827:
1755:. University of Alabama Press. p. 46.
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1360:
1327:
1169:
562:
66:
3999:
3985:
2266:
2252:
1700:
1698:
1534:
1532:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1416:
1395:
1260:
252:Ceramic beaker from Cahokia with engraved
4507:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
1497:
1488:
1429:
1895:Archaeology of the Appalachian highlands
1640:
1380:
1140:
704:
571:
422:
186:
134:
70:
57:
2096:Fowler, Melvin L. and Robert L. Hall.,
1695:
1591:
1589:
1561:
1559:
1529:
1479:
1464:
1447:
1401:
446:In 1880 an expedition sponsored by the
191:A potter smooths the inside of a vessel
5062:
1633:
1631:
1391:. XIV Part III. Philadelphia: 365–476.
1307:
576:Diorama at Cahokia of a potter at work
462:National Museum of the American Indian
3980:
2247:
2014:
1973:. Arkansas Archeological Survey. 2007
1725:
1438:
1386:
792:Moundville Engraved, variety Hemphill
764:
285:
1750:
1704:
1586:
1556:
1043:and grit as tempers. Peoples of the
4978:Norse colonization of North America
1990:
1655:"RiverWeb:AmBot:PreHist:Technology"
1628:
1404:Archeology of Eastern United States
567:
13:
2282:Mississippian and related cultures
2068:
700:
130:
14:
5101:
2190:
1538:
1295:Sturtevant and Fogelson, 538, 540
1149:, showing trade with other groups
1136:
781:
495:
47:The value of this pottery on the
2275:
2076:. Mississippi Historical Society
1615:Encyclopedia of Arkansas History
1124:
1108:
1092:
1077:
1061:
1009:
997:
985:
973:
961:
910:
898:
886:
874:
862:
530:
518:
506:
357:
342:
323:
273:
261:
245:
176:and x-ray diffraction analyses.
4998:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
3916:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
2098:Archeological Phases at Cahokia
2042:
2033:
2008:
1984:
1963:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1916:
1885:
1876:
1812:
1792:
1744:
1719:
1577:
1568:
1520:
1473:
478:Parkin Archeological State Park
238:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
224:Incised and engraved decoration
2298:Timeline of Mississippi valley
1482:Ceramics for the Archaeologist
1410:
1298:
1289:
905:Center symbols and bands theme
402:
1:
3498:Grand Village of the Illinois
2090:
2015:Furry, William (2007-11-07).
1780:"The Caddo Pottery Tradition"
939:Moundville polychrome pottery
718:Caddoan Mississippian culture
20:Mississippian culture pottery
4963:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
4913:Eastern Agricultural Complex
3275:Grand Village of the Natchez
2160:The Mississippian Emergence.
1940:Sturtevant and Fogelson, 276
1931:Sturtevant and Fogelson, 277
1922:Sturtevant and Fogelson, 275
1882:Sturtevant and Fogelson, 274
1819:"Reviving a Lost Tradition."
1583:Sturtevant and Fogelson, 584
1574:Sturtevant and Fogelson, 540
1565:Sturtevant and Fogelson, 556
1244:Mississippian stone statuary
1229:Fort Ancient culture pottery
1022:Southern Appalachian pottery
553:
418:
99:was not used by pre-contact
51:market has led to extensive
7:
4347:Bandelier National Monument
4221:List of Mississippian sites
4008:Pre-Columbian North America
2293:List of Mississippian sites
1751:Cook, Robert Allen (2007).
1504:University of Alabama Press
1217:
1145:Non-local pottery found at
10:
5106:
4767:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
4372:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
4081:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
1726:Brain, Jeffrey P. (1989).
1239:Plaquemine culture pottery
1175:areas exploitation of the
992:Polychrome stripped vessel
980:Polychrome stripped vessel
370:Textile impressed ceramics
30:(800 to 1600 CE) found as
5036:
5008:Three Sisters agriculture
4863:
4795:
4327:
4056:
4014:
3943:
3832:
3764:
3696:
3635:
3628:
3581:
3453:
3442:
3372:
3223:
3180:
3112:
2820:
2694:
2606:
2525:
2452:
2315:
2306:
2288:
1678:"Artifacts-Ramey pottery"
1480:Shepard, Anna O. (1956).
1340:Dan Morse (archaeologist)
1186:Le Flore County, Oklahoma
683:
670:
657:
644:
470:Hampson Museum State Park
170:Arkansas State University
4547:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
4106:Buttermilk Creek complex
3210:Naval Live Oaks Cemetery
2206:Southeastern Archaeology
1824:(retrieved 20 July 2010)
1425:. Illinois State Museum.
1254:
1170:Looting and modern value
840:Center symbols and bands
750:Gentleman of Elvas, 1557
716:Pottery produced by the
563:Notable local traditions
545:
451:deceased individuals, a
378:
293:using such materials as
67:Materials and techniques
5075:Native American pottery
4747:Town Creek Indian Mound
4717:Sierra de San Francisco
4572:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
3840:Ballgame (Southeastern)
3736:Long-nosed god maskette
3616:SunWatch Indian Village
3563:Roche-a-Cri Petroglyphs
3424:Ka-Do-Ha Indian Village
1971:"UA-WRI -Carden Bottom"
301:for red, and sometimes
5085:Native American relics
4402:Coso Rock Art District
4289:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
4192:List of Hopewell sites
3591:Alligator Effigy Mound
3205:Hickory Ridge Cemetery
3157:Leon-Jefferson culture
2553:Caborn-Welborn culture
1439:Morse, Dan F. (1975),
1419:Papers in Anthropology
1194:Union County, Kentucky
1150:
754:
713:
577:
490:Fayetteville, Arkansas
486:University of Arkansas
428:
336:Cross County, Arkansas
192:
148:
80:
63:
5080:Pre-Columbian pottery
5070:Mississippian culture
4810:Arlington Springs Man
4652:Portsmouth Earthworks
2320:and Upper Mississippi
2121:Million, Michael G.,
1822:Texas Beyond History.
1144:
1115:Moundville bowl with
740:
708:
575:
433:Arkansas River Valley
426:
190:
138:
74:
61:
28:Mississippian culture
5018:Transoceanic contact
4908:Container Revolution
4482:Gila Cliff Dwellings
4447:Etowah Indian Mounds
3879:Earth/fertility cult
3583:Fort Ancient culture
2467:Dogtooth Bend Mounds
2453:Lower Ohio River and
2439:Steed-Kisker culture
1506:. pp. 170–171.
1315:"THE MISSISSIPPIANS"
869:Winged Serpent theme
36:archaeological sites
4938:Green Corn Ceremony
4752:Turkey River Mounds
4542:Lake Jackson Mounds
4362:Blue Spring Shelter
3884:Green Corn Ceremony
3444:Upper Mississippian
3394:Blue Spring Shelter
3114:Fort Walton culture
2568:Hovey Lake District
2212:(2). Archived from
1086:Fort Walton Culture
334:effigy bottle from
147:, endemic to the US
141:Quadrula intermedia
49:illegal antiquities
5023:Underwater panther
4697:Rosenstock Village
4567:Marmes Rockshelter
4552:L'Anse aux Meadows
3966:de Soto Expedition
3931:Underwater panther
3777:Central Algonquian
3488:Fisher Mound Group
3132:Apalachee Province
3099:Waddells Mill Pond
1705:Mollerud, Katy J.
1151:
881:Crested bird theme
765:Moundville pottery
714:
685:Sand Prairie Phase
578:
429:
332:Underwater panther
286:Painted decoration
193:
149:
81:
64:
5057:
5056:
5049:Pre-Columbian era
4850:Spirit Cave mummy
4647:Plum Bayou Mounds
4557:Lynch Quarry Site
4076:Ancient Beringian
3974:
3973:
3939:
3938:
3624:
3623:
3240:Atchafalaya Basin
3182:Pensacola culture
3147:Fort Walton Mound
3039:Punk Rock Shelter
2999:Mouse Creek phase
2822:South Appalachian
2816:
2815:
2695:Central and Lower
2636:Castalian Springs
2626:Brentwood Library
2526:Middle Ohio River
2379:Emerald Acropolis
2169:978-0-8173-5452-7
2113:978-0-8173-1077-6
1909:978-1-57233-142-6
1762:978-0-8173-5458-9
1513:978-0-8173-1077-6
1084:Pottery from the
759:Jereldine Redcorn
696:
695:
393:Pensacola culture
206:calcium carbonate
174:atomic absorption
145:freshwater mussel
24:ceramic tradition
5097:
4993:Projectile point
4830:Leanderthal Lady
4757:Upward Sun River
4732:Stallings Island
4722:Shell ring sites
4672:Recapture Canyon
4587:Moorehead Circle
4432:El Fin del Mundo
4417:Cueva de la Olla
4223:
4210:Maritime Archaic
4194:
4024:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3978:
3977:
3741:Mill Creek chert
3731:Duck River cache
3633:
3632:
3451:
3450:
3215:Pensacola people
3009:Muscogee (Creek)
2849:Bell Field Mound
2563:Hovey Lake-Klein
2517:Wickliffe Mounds
2492:Rowlandton Mound
2409:Lunsford-Pulcher
2313:
2312:
2280:
2279:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2245:
2244:
2220:
2218:
2203:
2157:Smith, Bruce D.
2139:Power, Susan C.
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2022:. Illinois Times
2021:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1864:
1858:. Archived from
1857:
1848:
1825:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1776:
1767:
1766:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1680:. Archived from
1674:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1651:
1638:
1635:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1607:
1596:
1593:
1584:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1536:
1527:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1462:
1445:
1444:
1436:
1427:
1426:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1336:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1273:
1234:Hopewell pottery
1128:
1112:
1096:
1081:
1065:
1013:
1001:
989:
977:
965:
917:Trophy theme cup
914:
902:
890:
878:
866:
834:shell engravings
752:
736:Hernando de Soto
625:
603:Winterville site
568:Cahokian pottery
539:Gilcrease Museum
534:
522:
510:
482:Parkin, Arkansas
474:Wilson, Arkansas
361:
346:
327:
277:
265:
249:
101:Native Americans
53:looting of sites
5105:
5104:
5100:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5060:
5059:
5058:
5053:
5044:Genetic history
5032:
4886:Ceremonial pipe
4859:
4840:Minnesota Woman
4797:
4791:
4612:Ocmulgee Mounds
4592:Morrison Mounds
4537:Kolomoki Mounds
4527:Kimball Village
4387:Candelaria Cave
4329:
4323:
4304:Suwannee Valley
4239:Old Cordilleran
4219:
4190:
4058:
4052:
4018:
4010:
4005:
3975:
3970:
3956:Clarksdale bell
3935:
3921:Stone box grave
3862:Ceremonial pipe
3828:
3787:Mobilian Jargon
3760:
3692:
3620:
3577:
3445:
3438:
3375:
3368:
3226:
3219:
3176:
3108:
3054:Rucker's Bottom
2844:Beaverdam Creek
2824:
2812:
2696:
2690:
2651:Hiwassee Island
2608:
2602:
2593:Welborn Village
2521:
2482:Millstone Bluff
2455:Confluence area
2454:
2448:
2444:Sugarloaf Mound
2384:Emmons Cemetery
2319:
2317:American Bottom
2308:
2302:
2284:
2274:
2272:
2216:
2201:
2193:
2132:Morse, Dan F.,
2093:
2088:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2069:Morgan, David.
2067:
2063:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2009:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1989:
1985:
1976:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1855:
1849:
1828:
1817:
1813:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1749:
1745:
1738:
1724:
1720:
1711:
1709:
1703:
1696:
1687:
1685:
1676:
1675:
1668:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1641:
1636:
1629:
1620:
1618:
1609:
1608:
1599:
1594:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1557:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1537:
1530:
1526:Sturtevant, 538
1525:
1521:
1514:
1496:
1489:
1478:
1474:
1463:
1448:
1437:
1430:
1415:
1411:
1400:
1396:
1385:
1381:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1261:
1257:
1220:
1190:Slack Farm site
1177:platform mounds
1172:
1155:anthropologists
1139:
1132:
1129:
1120:
1113:
1104:
1097:
1088:
1082:
1073:
1066:
1050:Nacoochee Mound
1024:
1017:
1014:
1005:
1002:
993:
990:
981:
978:
969:
966:
941:
918:
915:
906:
903:
894:
891:
882:
879:
870:
867:
800:S.E.C.C. themes
784:
767:
753:
748:
703:
701:Caddoan pottery
689:1275 – 1350 CE
676:1200 – 1275 CE
672:Moorehead Phase
663:1100 – 1200 CE
650:1050 - 1100 CE
623:
590:American Bottom
570:
565:
559:before firing.
556:
548:
541:
535:
526:
523:
514:
511:
498:
466:Washington D.C.
421:
409:anthropomorphic
405:
381:
372:
365:
362:
353:
347:
338:
328:
288:
281:
278:
269:
266:
257:
250:
226:
143:, a species of
133:
131:Shell tempering
124:Woodland period
69:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5103:
5093:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4968:Mound Builders
4965:
4960:
4955:
4953:Medicine wheel
4950:
4945:
4943:Horned Serpent
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4801:
4799:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4682:Roberts Island
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4617:Old Stone Fort
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4582:Moaning Cavern
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4532:Kincaid Mounds
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4412:Cuarenta Casas
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4367:Bluefish Caves
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4333:
4331:
4328:Archaeological
4325:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4126:Caloosahatchee
4123:
4118:
4113:
4111:Caborn-Welborn
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4062:
4060:
4057:Archaeological
4054:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4004:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3981:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3963:
3961:Mound Builders
3958:
3953:
3948:
3947:Related topics
3944:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3909:Village bundle
3901:
3896:
3894:Platform mound
3891:
3889:Horned Serpent
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3836:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3756:Stone statuary
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3639:
3637:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3606:Leo Petroglyph
3603:
3598:
3593:
3587:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3543:Moccasin Bluff
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3493:Gentleman Farm
3490:
3485:
3480:
3478:Carcajou Point
3475:
3470:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3448:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3409:Caddoan Mounds
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3380:
3378:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3231:
3229:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3195:Dauphin Island
3192:
3186:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2869:Bussell Island
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2830:
2828:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2621:Beasley Mounds
2618:
2612:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2472:Kincaid Mounds
2469:
2464:
2458:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2389:Horseshoe Lake
2386:
2381:
2376:
2374:Dickson Mounds
2371:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2334:
2329:
2323:
2321:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2271:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2219:on 2012-04-25.
2192:
2191:External links
2189:
2188:
2187:
2172:
2155:
2152:
2137:
2130:
2127:
2119:
2116:
2101:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2061:
2041:
2032:
2007:
1991:Gresham, Tom.
1983:
1962:
1942:
1933:
1924:
1915:
1908:
1884:
1875:
1826:
1811:
1791:
1768:
1761:
1743:
1736:
1718:
1694:
1666:
1639:
1627:
1597:
1585:
1576:
1567:
1555:
1528:
1519:
1512:
1502:. Tuscaloosa:
1487:
1472:
1446:
1428:
1409:
1394:
1379:
1359:
1352:
1326:
1306:
1297:
1288:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1219:
1216:
1171:
1168:
1163:archaeologists
1138:
1137:In archaeology
1135:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1123:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1089:
1083:
1076:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1041:quartz crystal
1023:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1008:
1006:
1003:
996:
994:
991:
984:
982:
979:
972:
970:
967:
960:
940:
937:
923:Hemphill style
920:
919:
916:
909:
907:
904:
897:
895:
892:
885:
883:
880:
873:
871:
868:
861:
858:
857:
847:
837:
822:
815:
812:Horned Serpent
808:winged serpent
796:Hemphill style
788:Hemphill style
783:
782:Hemphill style
780:
775:Hemphill style
766:
763:
746:
723:Fourche Maline
702:
699:
694:
693:
690:
687:
681:
680:
677:
674:
668:
667:
664:
661:
659:Stirling Phase
655:
654:
651:
648:
642:
641:
636:
631:
622:
619:
569:
566:
564:
561:
555:
552:
547:
544:
543:
542:
536:
529:
527:
524:
517:
515:
512:
505:
497:
496:Hooded bottles
494:
448:Peabody Museum
420:
417:
404:
401:
380:
377:
371:
368:
367:
366:
363:
356:
354:
348:
341:
339:
329:
322:
287:
284:
283:
282:
279:
272:
270:
267:
260:
258:
251:
244:
225:
222:
132:
129:
97:potter's wheel
68:
65:
42:agents in the
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5102:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5035:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4928:Falcon dancer
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4864:Miscellaneous
4862:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4835:Melbourne Man
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4825:La Brea Woman
4823:
4821:
4820:Kennewick Man
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4794:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4712:Serpent Mound
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4662:Pueblo Bonito
4660:
4658:
4657:Poverty Point
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4642:Pinson Mounds
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4632:Painted Bluff
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4512:Horr's Island
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4442:Effigy Mounds
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4407:Crystal River
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4326:
4320:
4319:Weeden Island
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4284:Safety Harbor
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4274:Poverty Point
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4254:Paleo-Indians
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4215:Mississippian
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4193:
4189:
4188:
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4129:
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4119:
4117:
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4109:
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4079:
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4026:
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4017:
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4013:
4009:
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3997:
3995:
3990:
3988:
3983:
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3979:
3967:
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3929:
3927:
3924:
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3910:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3904:Sacred bundle
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
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3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
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3807:
3803:
3800:
3799:
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3780:
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3769:
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3763:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3724:Wulfing cache
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3709:Copper plates
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3683:Three Sisters
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3653:Little barley
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3611:Serpent Mound
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3573:Summer Island
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
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3526:
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3509:
3506:
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3501:
3499:
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3489:
3486:
3484:
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3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
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3461:
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3452:
3449:
3447:
3441:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3376:Mississippian
3371:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3227:Mississippian
3222:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3142:Corbin–Tucker
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3049:Roods Landing
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2989:Moccasin Bend
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2919:Hoojah Branch
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2826:Mississippian
2823:
2819:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2749:Menard-Hodges
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2686:Swallow Bluff
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2607:Tennessee and
2605:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2477:Marshall Site
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2451:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
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2390:
2387:
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2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2309:Mississippian
2305:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2269:
2264:
2262:
2257:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2234:Pottery Heist
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2200:
2195:
2194:
2185:
2184:0-16-072300-0
2181:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2149:0-8203-2501-5
2146:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2072:
2065:
2051:
2045:
2036:
2018:
2011:
1994:
1987:
1972:
1966:
1952:
1946:
1937:
1928:
1919:
1911:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1888:
1879:
1865:on 2010-06-14
1861:
1854:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1823:
1820:
1815:
1801:
1795:
1781:
1775:
1773:
1764:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1739:
1737:0-938896-58-X
1733:
1729:
1722:
1708:
1701:
1699:
1684:on 2010-06-03
1683:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1656:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1616:
1612:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1592:
1590:
1580:
1571:
1562:
1560:
1542:
1535:
1533:
1523:
1515:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1494:
1492:
1483:
1476:
1468:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1442:
1435:
1433:
1424:
1420:
1413:
1405:
1398:
1390:
1383:
1369:
1363:
1355:
1353:1-56349-057-9
1349:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1316:
1310:
1301:
1292:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1259:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1148:
1143:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1099:Human effigy
1095:
1090:
1087:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1012:
1007:
1000:
995:
988:
983:
976:
971:
964:
959:
958:
957:
954:
950:
946:
936:
933:
929:
924:
913:
908:
901:
896:
889:
884:
877:
872:
865:
860:
859:
855:
854:Path of Souls
851:
848:
845:
841:
838:
835:
831:
827:
823:
820:
816:
813:
809:
805:
804:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
779:
776:
772:
762:
760:
751:
745:
744:
739:
737:
733:
728:
724:
719:
712:
707:
698:
691:
688:
686:
682:
678:
675:
673:
669:
665:
662:
660:
656:
652:
649:
647:
646:Lohmann Phase
643:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
626:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
591:
587:
583:
574:
560:
551:
540:
533:
528:
521:
516:
509:
504:
503:
502:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
458:
454:
449:
444:
442:
438:
434:
425:
416:
414:
411:shapes, some
410:
400:
398:
394:
389:
386:
376:
360:
355:
351:
345:
340:
337:
333:
326:
321:
320:
319:
317:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
276:
271:
264:
259:
255:
248:
243:
242:
241:
239:
235:
231:
221:
218:
213:
209:
207:
201:
197:
189:
185:
181:
177:
175:
171:
165:
163:
159:
154:
146:
142:
137:
128:
125:
120:
118:
112:
110:
104:
102:
98:
93:
91:
87:
78:
73:
60:
56:
54:
50:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
5028:Water glyphs
4983:Oasisamerica
4973:N.A.G.P.R.A.
4933:Folsom point
4923:Effigy mound
4903:Clovis point
4871:Aridoamerica
4772:Wickiup Hill
4727:Spiro Mounds
4707:Salmon Ruins
4702:Russell Cave
4497:Helen Blazes
4492:Grimes Point
4472:Fort Juelson
4462:Fort Ancient
4437:El Vallecito
4397:Chaco Canyon
4337:Angel Mounds
4299:Steed-Kisker
4249:Paleo-Arctic
4171:Glacial Kame
4156:Fort Ancient
4048:Post-Classic
4019:
3951:Chevron bead
3857:Burial mound
3751:Shell gorget
3745:
3719:Spiro plates
3714:Rogan plates
3533:Knoll Spring
3508:Hartley Fort
3468:Beattie Park
3352:Transylvania
3190:Bottle Creek
3152:Lake Jackson
3034:Pisgah phase
2964:Little Egypt
2914:Garden Creek
2899:Dallas phase
2786:Tipton phase
2764:Nodena phase
2661:Mound Bottom
2646:Fewkes Group
2631:Brick Church
2533:Angel Mounds
2399:Kuhn Station
2394:John Chapman
2214:the original
2209:
2205:
2175:
2159:
2140:
2133:
2122:
2104:
2097:
2078:. Retrieved
2064:
2053:. Retrieved
2044:
2035:
2024:. Retrieved
2010:
1999:. Retrieved
1986:
1975:. Retrieved
1965:
1954:. Retrieved
1945:
1936:
1927:
1918:
1894:
1887:
1878:
1867:. Retrieved
1860:the original
1821:
1814:
1803:. Retrieved
1794:
1783:. Retrieved
1752:
1746:
1727:
1721:
1710:. Retrieved
1686:. Retrieved
1682:the original
1658:. Retrieved
1619:. Retrieved
1614:
1579:
1570:
1547:. Retrieved
1539:Karol, Amy.
1522:
1499:
1481:
1475:
1466:
1440:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1403:
1397:
1388:
1382:
1371:. Retrieved
1362:
1343:
1318:. Retrieved
1309:
1300:
1291:
1280:. Retrieved
1208:
1198:
1182:Spiro Mounds
1173:
1152:
1117:Trophy theme
1116:
1045:Pisgah phase
1025:
951:, the lower
942:
932:Braden style
922:
921:
893:Raptor theme
853:
850:Trophy theme
849:
839:
830:bird of prey
825:
819:crested bird
818:
807:
795:
791:
787:
785:
774:
768:
755:
749:
742:
741:
715:
697:
638:
633:
628:
611:Fort Ancient
579:
557:
549:
499:
457:trophy heads
445:
430:
406:
390:
382:
373:
289:
227:
214:
210:
202:
198:
194:
182:
178:
166:
150:
121:
113:
105:
94:
82:
77:Angel Mounds
19:
18:
5013:Thunderbird
4881:Black drink
4845:Peñon woman
4782:Winterville
4762:Velda Mound
4742:Taos Pueblo
4637:Parkin Park
4622:Orwell site
4607:Nodena site
4502:Holly Bluff
4477:Four Mounds
4467:Fort Center
4392:Casa Grande
4342:Anzick site
4234:Monongahela
4161:Fort Walton
4136:Coles Creek
4101:Belle Glade
4086:Anishinaabe
3926:Thunderbird
3852:Black drink
3704:Emmons mask
3648:Chenopodium
3636:Agriculture
3558:Plum Island
3513:Hotel Plaza
3362:Winterville
3342:Scott Place
3280:Holly Bluff
3200:Fort Walton
2954:Lamar phase
2808:Walls phase
2704:Belle Meade
2697:Mississippi
2641:Dunbar Cave
2543:Annis Mound
2538:Angel phase
2512:Ware Mounds
2507:Twin Mounds
2357:Ramey state
2342:Monks Mound
1611:"Head pots"
1201:misdemeanor
1103:in Georgia
1070:C. B. Moore
928:Walls phase
607:Mississippi
484:and in the
403:Effigy pots
297:for white,
162:Zebree Site
117:grave goods
109:Nodena site
79:site museum
5064:Categories
4958:Metallurgy
4918:Eden point
4815:Buhl Woman
4687:Rock Eagle
4677:River Styx
4602:Mummy Cave
4597:Moundville
4577:Mesa Verde
4562:Marksville
4309:Tchefuncte
4269:Plaquemine
4205:Las Palmas
4121:Calf Creek
4116:Cades Pond
3663:Marshelder
3548:Oak Forest
3518:Hoxie Farm
3332:Pocahontas
3225:Plaquemine
3162:Letchworth
3094:Town Creek
3029:Park Mound
2994:Moundville
2979:Mandeville
2969:Long Swamp
2929:Jere Shine
2781:Quigualtam
2729:Chucalissa
2616:Backusburg
2609:Cumberland
2598:Yankeetown
2583:Slack Farm
2558:Ellerbusch
2462:Adams site
2369:Cloverdale
2091:References
2080:2010-07-19
2055:2010-07-19
2026:2010-07-19
2001:2010-07-19
1977:2010-07-19
1956:2010-07-19
1869:2010-08-22
1805:2010-07-19
1785:2010-07-21
1712:2010-07-19
1688:2010-07-19
1660:2010-07-19
1621:2010-07-19
1549:2010-07-21
1373:2010-07-19
1320:2010-07-19
1304:Power, 194
1282:2010-07-18
1159:historians
1147:Moundville
1119:engravings
1037:Blue Ridge
953:Ohio River
949:Cumberland
771:Moundville
586:chronology
488:Museum in
453:death mask
413:zoomorphic
350:Polychrome
115:placed as
5090:Figurines
5003:Stickball
4692:Rock Hawk
4522:Key Marco
4314:Troyville
4294:St. Johns
4279:Red Ocher
4038:Formative
3792:Muskogean
3765:Languages
3678:Sunflower
3538:Mero site
3473:Blood Run
3127:Apalachee
3074:Summerour
3014:Nacoochee
2771:Owl Creek
2666:Riverview
2656:Link Farm
2548:Bone Bank
2502:Turk Site
2497:Towosahgy
2362:Woodhenge
2074:(article)
2020:(article)
1996:(article)
1637:Smith, 56
1595:Power 145
1028:Limestone
945:Tennessee
930:and late
727:carinated
613:sites in
599:Wisconsin
554:Salt pans
419:Head pots
254:woodhenge
234:engraving
153:tempering
40:tempering
32:artifacts
4891:Chanunpa
4876:Ballgame
4855:Vero man
4805:Anzick-1
4777:Windover
4737:SunWatch
4667:Rassawek
4487:Glenwood
4377:Brewster
4229:Mogollon
4200:La Jolla
4186:Hopewell
4146:Deptford
4059:cultures
3899:Red Horn
3867:Chanunpa
3845:Northern
3833:Religion
3814:Timucuan
3782:Cherokee
3568:Schwerdt
3528:Juntunen
3503:Griesmer
3446:cultures
3399:Bluffton
3285:Jaketown
3250:Fitzhugh
3104:Wilbanks
3084:Tomotley
3059:Savannah
3024:Ocmulgee
3004:Mulberry
2939:Joe Bell
2859:Biltmore
2854:Bessemer
2719:Campbell
2681:Old Town
2487:Orr-Herl
2424:Orendorf
2419:Mitchell
2352:Mound 72
2347:Mound 34
2332:Big Eddy
2126:217–222.
2039:Power, 1
1342:(1973).
1218:See also
1188:and the
1184:site in
1101:Ocmulgee
1033:Piedmont
844:swastika
747:—
441:Missouri
437:Arkansas
330:Painted
303:graphite
299:hematite
230:incising
5040:Related
4898:Chunkey
4798:remains
4787:Wupatki
4627:Paquime
4517:Huápoca
4382:Cahokia
4352:Bastian
4259:Patayan
4181:Hohokam
4166:Fremont
4141:ComondĂş
4096:Baytown
4091:Avonlea
4071:Alachua
4043:Classic
4033:Archaic
4021:Periods
3874:Chunkey
3819:Tunican
3797:Natchez
3772:Caddoan
3746:Pottery
3697:Artwork
3688:Tobacco
3668:Pumpkin
3629:Culture
3483:Fifield
3414:Gahagan
3389:Belcher
3374:Caddoan
3357:Venable
3320:Natchez
3305:Mazique
3260:Fosters
3255:Flowery
3245:Emerald
3122:Anhaica
3079:Taskigi
3044:Rembert
3019:Nikwasi
2984:McMahan
2959:Liddell
2834:Adamson
2744:Janet's
2734:Denmark
2709:Boone's
2671:Sellars
2578:Prather
2337:Cahokia
2327:Aztalan
2239:Pottery
1054:Georgia
639:Markers
595:Aztalan
397:Florida
307:fylfots
158:Cahokia
26:of the
22:is the
4457:Folsom
4422:Cutler
4357:Benson
4244:Oneota
4176:Glades
4151:Folsom
4131:Clovis
4028:Lithic
3809:Siouan
3802:Taensa
3673:Squash
3596:Clover
3455:Oneota
3429:Keller
3419:Hughes
3384:Battle
3325:Taensa
3310:Medora
3300:Mangum
3295:Julice
3290:Jordan
3137:Cayson
3069:Sixtoe
3064:Shiloh
2974:Mabila
2909:Etowah
2889:Citico
2879:Chiaha
2874:Chauga
2791:Tunica
2776:Parkin
2759:Nodena
2754:Murphy
2724:Carson
2573:Murphy
2429:Sleeth
2414:McCune
2404:Larson
2307:Middle
2182:
2167:
2147:
2111:
1906:
1759:
1734:
1510:
1350:
1205:felony
1072:, 1905
826:raptor
629:Phases
609:. and
601:, the
582:Mexico
476:, the
468:, the
316:resist
295:galena
151:Shell
86:mussel
4988:Piasa
4796:Human
4427:Eaker
4330:sites
4264:Plano
4066:Adena
3824:Yuchi
3658:Maize
3643:Beans
3601:Dodge
3553:Palos
3523:Huber
3463:Anker
3434:Spiro
3404:Caddo
3337:Routh
3270:Glass
3265:Ghost
3167:Velda
3089:Toqua
2949:Lamar
2934:Joara
2924:Irene
2894:Coosa
2884:Chota
2864:Blair
2839:Avery
2801:Yazoo
2796:Koroa
2739:Eaker
2676:Obion
2434:Starr
2217:(PDF)
2202:(PDF)
1863:(PDF)
1856:(PDF)
1617:. n.d
1544:(PDF)
1255:Notes
634:Dates
546:Pipes
385:ollas
379:Forms
311:ochre
291:Slips
256:motif
217:maize
4948:Kiva
3347:Sims
3315:Mott
3235:Anna
2944:King
2904:Dyar
2714:Boyd
2588:Tolu
2180:ISBN
2165:ISBN
2145:ISBN
2109:ISBN
1904:ISBN
1757:ISBN
1732:ISBN
1508:ISBN
1348:ISBN
1157:and
1035:and
824:The
817:The
806:The
786:The
732:slip
615:Ohio
439:and
90:grog
44:clay
4452:Eva
3172:Yon
1900:203
1192:in
1052:in
605:in
597:in
480:in
472:in
464:in
395:of
232:or
34:in
5066::
2210:27
2208:.
2204:.
1902:.
1829:^
1771:^
1697:^
1669:^
1642:^
1630:^
1613:.
1600:^
1588:^
1558:^
1531:^
1490:^
1449:^
1431:^
1421:.
1329:^
1262:^
1161:,
947:,
617:.
492:.
240:.
139:A
111:.
55:.
4000:e
3993:t
3986:v
2267:e
2260:t
2253:v
2186:.
2171:.
2151:.
2115:.
2083:.
2058:.
2029:.
2004:.
1980:.
1959:.
1912:.
1872:.
1808:.
1788:.
1765:.
1740:.
1715:.
1691:.
1663:.
1624:.
1552:.
1516:.
1423:1
1376:.
1356:.
1323:.
1285:.
814:.
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