1766:
1704:
moved into volcanic caves during
November. Due to the shipping losses, the Japanese stopped sending any further surface vessels to the town from February. The Japanese air units stationed at Rabaul made their last attempt to intercept an Allied raid on the area on 19 February. Following this, the air raids which continued to the end of the war were contested only by anti-aircraft gunfire. As a result of its prolonged bombardment, the town ceased to be a base from which the Japanese could contest the Allied advance. However, it remained very well defended by a garrison of around 98,000 men and hundreds of artillery and anti-aircraft guns. Extensive fortifications were constructed around the Gazelle Peninsula, where rugged terrain would have also favoured the defenders. On 14 March 1944 the Imperial General Headquarters directed the Eighth Area Army to "hold the area around Rabaul for as long as possible" to divert Allied forces away from other regions.
1639:. A heavy aerial bombardment was directed against Cape Gloucester's garrison in the weeks before the landing which destroyed many of the fixed defences and affected the soldiers' morale. The strikes continued on 26 December prior to the assault, resulting in heavy smoke which partially obscured the beaches. The American landing was successful, with counter-attacks by Japanese forces on 26 December being defeated. The next day the 1st Marine Regiment advanced west, towards the airfields. A Japanese blocking position was reduced that afternoon, but the American advance was halted while reinforcements were landed. It resumed on 29 December, with the airfields being captured. During the first two weeks of January 1944 the Marines advanced south from their beachhead to locate and defeat the Japanese force they believed was in the area. This led to some heavy fighting, with the Japanese
1753:
defensive posture, remaining largely inside the fortifications that had been established around Rabaul. In fact
Japanese combat strength was approximately 69,000 men, including 53,000 army troops and 16,000 sailors, and while they were mainly located in the Gazelle Peninsula in the north around Rabaul, there were watching-stations established as far forward as Awul. Due to the garrison's increasing isolation many were involved in growing rice and gardening. With American enclaves at Talasea–Cape Hoskins, Arawe and Cape Gloucester, the two sides were geographically separated and observing a tacit truce. Allied bombing had heavily reduced Japanese air and naval forces to the extent that there were only two operational aircraft left, and the only vessels that remained were 150 barges that could move small amounts of supplies or troops around the coast.
1721:
45:
1874:, which formed part of the 4th Infantry Brigade, on 6 September 1945, at which time over 8,000 former prisoners of war were liberated from Japanese camps on the island. Australian losses during the fighting on New Britain between October 1944 and the end of the war were limited, amounting to 53 killed and 140 wounded. A further 21 died from non-battle injuries or illnesses. Losses amongst the US 1st Marine Division amounted to 310 killed and 1,083 wounded. In addition, casualties for all Allied units during the fighting around Arawe came to 118 killed and 352 wounded, with four missing. Total Japanese losses in New Britain and the other islands in the Bismarck Archipelago are estimated at around 30,000 dead, mostly from disease and starvation.
1817:
1567:
240:
1361:
1712:
the AIB were subsequently successful in pushing back
Japanese outposts to Ulamona on the north coast, and to Kamandran in the south. In mid-1944, the headquarters of the Eighth Area Army re-assessed Allied intentions on New Britain. While up to this time it had been believed that the Allies were planning a major assault on Rabaul, the advance of Allied forces towards the Philippines was interpreted to mean that this was no longer likely. Instead, the Japanese judged that the Allies would advance slowly across New Britain towards the town and attack it only if their campaign towards Japan became bogged down or concluded, or if the size of Australian forces on the island was increased.
1591:. Further confusion resulted in a delay in bringing the second wave in, while the final three waves got mixed up and landed at the same time. Nevertheless, the US cavalrymen quickly secured a beachhead and by the afternoon they had secured the Amalut Plantation and established a strong defensive position across the base of the Arawe Peninsula. In the days that followed Japanese reinforcements arrived and they subsequently launched a counterattack, but the Americans also brought in reinforcements, including tanks, and the counterattack was repelled. In the aftermath, the Japanese withdrew further inland towards a nearby airfield and the fighting around Arawe petered out.
1808:, along which to contain the larger Japanese force, which remained largely static around the Rabaul fortress, with only about 1,600 troops deployed in the forward areas. This saw a series of amphibious landings, river crossings and small-scale actions. The 36th Infantry Battalion began expanding their foothold around Cape Hoskins in early December pushing forward towards Bialla via barge, where two companies established a forward base from where they began patrolling east. After establishing that the Japanese had withdrawn behind the Pandi River, a new base was established around Ea Ea, with the troops again being moved forward by barge. The
1515:
1216:
1683:
1878:
1583:
the
Japanese. The ships carrying the invasion force arrived off the Arawe Peninsula, near Cape Merkus, around 03:00 on 15 December. Two small advanced elements set off almost immediately under the cover of darkness with orders to destroy a radio transmitter on Pilelo Island to the south-east and to sever the track leading towards the peninsula around Umtingalu village. The subsidiary landing around Umtingalu met with heavy resistance and was subsequently repulsed, while the landing on Pilelo proved more successful with the cavalrymen quickly overwhelming a small Japanese force before securing their objective.
1839:'s assault across the Wulwut River on 5 March. The position around Mount Sugi, which stretched across a number of ridges to the west of the Wulwut, was strongly defended with mortars, machine guns and pillboxes, and heavy rain also frustrated Australian attempts to reduce the Japanese stronghold. Fierce fighting followed, culminating with the 14th/32nd's attack on Bacon Hill on 18 March. Following the capture of Waitavalo–Tol area in March and April, the Australians exploited towards Jammer Bay and sent patrols to link up their northern and southern drives. They also brought in reinforcements, first from the
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195:
184:
173:
103:
1898:, the Australian official historian, wrote that it was inadequately resourced, particularly in terms of air and sea power, with the latter delaying the concentration of the 5th Division until very late in the campaign. Regardless, Long writes that the Australian force, which was relatively inexperienced and matched against a Japanese force of around five divisions, achieved a remarkable result in the circumstances. Lachlan Grant also reaches a similar conclusion, highlighting the limited casualties that were sustained in the campaign in comparison to those in other locations such as
154:
128:
228:
217:
114:
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142:
1265:. More aircraft could also be accommodated in unprotected parking areas. Aircraft based at these facilities operated against Allied forces in New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. The town was also developed into a major port, with extensive dock and ship repair facilities. Large stockpiles of supplies were stored in warehouses and open air dumps in and around Rabaul. Few other Japanese facilities were constructed on New Britain, though a forward airfield was developed at
1832:, which was moved by barge via Sampun. On 15 February, Kamandran was captured following a brief fight during which a patrol from the 1st New Guinea Infantry Battalion carried out a successful ambush. At this point, Japanese resistance on the southern coast began to grow and in the final phase of the advance, the Australians began advancing on foot around Henry Reid Bay, to secure the Waitavalo–Tol area, which was held by a Japanese force around battalion strength.
1250:
punished, with several being killed. While the
European women and children had been evacuated to Australia prior to the war, Asian people had not been assisted to leave. The Chinese-ethnic community feared that it would be massacred by Japanese forces, as had happened elsewhere in the Pacific, but this did not occur. However, men were forced to work as labourers and some women were raped and, in several cases forced to become "
1277:(AIB) personnel, which comprised both Australian and New Guinean troops, were landed on New Britain. The AIB units sought to gather intelligence, re-assert Australian sovereignty and rescue downed Allied airmen. The Japanese attempted to hunt down the Allied coastwatchers and AIB patrols, and committed atrocities against civilians who assisted them. The AIB also trained and equipped New Guineans to serve as
1535:
Accordingly, reinforcements were dispatched to strategic locations in the area in an attempt to slow the Allied advance. Strong forces were retained at Rabaul, however, as it was believed that the Allies would attempt to capture the town. At the time, Japanese positions in western New
Britain were limited to airfields at Cape Gloucester on the island's western tip and several small
1757:
would carry out a limited offensive, consisting largely of patrol actions, with the goal of advancing beyond the western tip of the island where the US garrison had remained. To achieve this, the
Australian commanders decided to establish two bases: one around Jacquinot Bay on the southern coast, with a supporting base on the north coast around Cape Hoskins.
1325:. These forces lacked naval and air support, and were increasingly isolated and eventually cut-off from resupply due to Allied interdiction efforts, which meant that the garrison was largely left to its own devices. Indeed, direct communications between Rabaul and Japan were severed in February 1943 and not reestablished until after the war.
1847:, as the offensive part of their campaign effectively came to an end. In the months that followed, the Australians mounted a series of patrols aimed at maintaining the line around the neck of the Gazelle Peninsula to prevent any attempt by the Japanese to break out from Rabaul. This lasted until the end of the war in August 1945. The
1321:(2,729); the 14th Regiment (2,444); the 34th Regiment (1,879) and the 35th Regiment (1,967). Together, these formations amounted to a force equivalent to four divisions. Naval troops provided the equivalent of another division. By the end of the war, these Japanese forces were restricted to Rabaul and the surrounding
1493:, opposed this operation as he believed that it would take too long to develop airfields at Cape Gloucester given the rapid pace of the Allied advances in the New Guinea region, and existing airfields were adequate to support the attacks on Rabaul and planned landings at other locations. However, Lieutenant General
1352:. This was due partly to a miscalculation of the size of the Japanese forces holding the island, as well as broader Allied strategy, which dictated a limited operation for New Britain, focused initially upon seizing and defending suitable locations for airbases, and then containment of the larger Japanese force.
1548:. The 17th Division was selected to provide troops for this purpose; the main body of this unit arrived in Rabaul from China on 4 and 5 October, having suffered around 1,400 casualties due to submarine and air attacks while en route to New Britain. The commander of the 17th Division, Lieutenant General
1919:
The defensive tactics of the
Japanese commander, Imamura, were likely a factor in ensuring the successful containment by the much smaller Australian force. According to Japanese historian Kengoro Tanaka, Imamura had been under orders to preserve his strength until mutual action could be achieved with
1667:
In mid-January, Sakai requested permission to withdraw his command from western New
Britain, and this was granted by Imamura on the 21st of the month. The Japanese forces subsequently sought to disengage from the Americans, and move towards the Talasea area. Marine patrols pursued the Japanese, and a
1501:
through which it was planned to send convoys carrying Allied forces to locations in western New Guinea. However, the planned landing at
Gasmata was cancelled in November due to concerns over the Japanese reinforcing the region and its proximity to the airfields at Rabaul, as well as the terrain being
1187:
of tall trees. The coastal plains which ring most of the island were covered in dense jungle. Most of the beaches on New Britain were backed by forested swamps, and a large number of rivers and streams ran from the mountains to the sea. All of these characteristics greatly complicated the movement of
1885:
In the aftermath of the campaign, there are mixed opinions among historians as to whether the US landings around Arawe, and even around Cape Gloucester were necessary. While according to Henry Shaw and Douglas Kane, authors of the Marine Corps official history, the landing around Arawe arguably made
1586:
Meanwhile, after a deal of confusion while the troops embarked in their landing craft, the main assault began after 06:25, supported by a heavy naval and aerial bombardment. Opposition ashore was limited as there were very few Japanese in the vicinity, although the first wave experienced machine-gun
1539:
which provided small boats travelling between Rabaul and New Guinea with shelter from Allied aerial attacks. As New Britain lay well to the east of the "Absolute National Defence Zone" which had been adopted by the Japanese military on 15 September, the overall goal for the forces there was to delay
1711:
arrived to relieve the Marines and cavalrymen that had landed in December 1943. After this, a period of relative inactivity followed as the US and Japanese forces occupied opposite ends of the island, while guerilla actions were fought in the centre by Australian-led forces of the AIB. Patrols from
1582:
where they carried out training prior to embarking on 13 December 1943. In the weeks prior to the operation, Allied aircraft had carried out heavy attacks across New Britain, but the area around the landing beaches was purposefully left alone until the day prior to the landing in order not to alert
1526:
patrols which were landed in New Britain between September and December, as well as from aerial photography. The US 1st Marine Division was the main formation selected for the Cape Gloucester landing; combined with artillery, transport, construction and logistics units this force was designated the
1451:
scheduled for 1 November, as well as landings in western New Britain planned for December. The first raid took place on 12 October, and involved 349 aircraft. Further attacks were made whenever weather conditions were suitable during October and early November. On 5 November, two United States Navy
1703:
The Allied air attacks on Rabaul were further intensified following the completion of airfields on Bougainville during January 1944. All of the town was destroyed, along with a large number of aircraft and ships. The Japanese Army lost relatively little equipment though, as its stockpiles had been
1690:
In the months following the operations to secure Arawe and Cape Gloucester, there was only limited fighting on New Britain as Japanese forces largely chose to avoid combat during this period and continued their withdrawal towards Rabaul. US forces secured Rooke Island in February 1944, but by then
1890:
argues that the landing at Arawe was of "small value" pointing out that it was never developed into a naval base and that potentially the resources and manpower could have been employed elsewhere. US Army historian John Miller also concluded that the operations to secure Arawe and Cape Gloucester
1543:
During October the commander of the Eighth Area Army, Imamura, judged that the Allies next move would probably be an invasion of western New Britain. In response, he decided to dispatch further units to the area to reinforce its garrison, which was based around the under-strength 65th Brigade and
1803:
Due to limited shipping resources, the transfer of the 5th Division was delayed significantly and was not completed until April 1945. Nevertheless, in December, the Australian advance began with the goal of moving along the northern and southern coasts towards the Gazelle Peninsula to capture a
1756:
Ramsay's force was ordered to carry out a containment operation designed to isolate the Japanese garrison on the Gazelle Peninsula. In doing so, Ramsay was ordered to keep the pressure on the Japanese while avoiding committing large-scale forces. Nevertheless, it was decided that the Australians
1752:
Allied intelligence at the time had underestimated Japanese strength on the island, believing it to be held by around 38,000 men. While this was incorrect by a factor of two, Allied assessments of Japanese intentions were more accurate, with planners believing that Imamura's force would adopt a
1155:
The operations on New Britain are considered by historians to have been a success for the Allied forces. However, some have questioned the necessity of the campaign. In addition, Australian historians have been critical of the limited air and naval support allocated to support operations on the
1699:
landing on the Willaumez Peninsula, on the western side of a narrow isthmus near the Volupai Plantation. Following the initial landing, the Marines advanced east towards the emergency landing strip at Talasea on the opposite coast. A small group of Japanese defenders held up the US troops and
1249:
The Japanese authorities adopted the Australian system of administering the island through village chiefs, and many villages shifted their loyalties to the Japanese to survive or to gain an advantage against other groups. The few chiefs who refused to cooperate with the Japanese were severely
1924:
concurs with this assessment, arguing that any offensive would have lacked strategic purpose without sufficient naval and air support, which at the time was unavailable to the Japanese. Gregory Blake has written that the extremely rugged terrain made a large Japanese offensive impossible.
1534:
assessed the strategic situation in the Southwest Pacific in late September 1943, and concluded that the Allies would attempt to break through the northern Solomon Islands and Bismarck Archipelago in the coming months en route to Japan's inner perimeter in the western and central Pacific.
1527:
Backhander Task Force. The force selected for Arawe was built around the 112th Cavalry Regiment, which had been dismounted and was serving as infantry. The cavalry regiment was augmented with artillery and engineer units, with the overall force being designated the Director Task Force.
1789:. In the weeks that followed, large amounts of stores and equipment were landed, along with support personnel and labourers to begin construction on facilities including roads, an airstrip, dock facilities, and a general hospital. This work would last until May 1945. Two squadrons of
1618:
was selected for the attack. For the landing, two beaches were chosen to the east of the airfields at Cape Gloucester, which was the main goal of the operation. A subsidiary landing site was also chosen on the opposite side of the cape to the west of the airfields. Troops from the
1396:
on the north coast of New Guinea. Once these operations were complete, forces from both commands would land on New Britain and capture Rabaul. This plan proved premature, however, as MacArthur lacked the forces needed to execute his elements of it. The Japanese offensive towards
1151:
behind which they contained the numerically superior Japanese forces for the remainder of the war. The Japanese regarded the New Britain Campaign as a delaying action, and kept their forces concentrated around Rabaul in expectation of a ground assault which never came.
1231:
in the central Pacific, and to capture the town so that it could be used to support potential further Japanese offensives in the region. While hundreds of Australian soldiers and airmen managed to escape and were evacuated between February and May, around 900 became
1510:
and hopefully divert Japanese attention away from the main landing at Cape Gloucester. After taking into account the availability of shipping and air cover, the landing at Arawe was scheduled for 15 December and that at Cape Gloucester for the 26th of that month.
1447:, the main American air unit assigned to the South West Pacific Area, began a campaign against Rabaul in October 1943. The goal of the attacks was to prevent the Japanese from using Rabaul as an air or naval base and to provide support for the planned
1812:
arrived to reinforce them in January 1945. After this, the Australians on the north coast pushed their line towards Open Bay, establishing an outpost around Baia and patrolling the Mavelo Plantation, during which several minor skirmishes were fought.
1613:
The landing at Cape Gloucester took place on 26 December 1943, following the diversionary action around Arawe, and a series of practice landings around Cape Sudest a few days earlier. The 1st Marine Division, under the command of Major General
1269:
on the island's south coast. Both the Japanese and Australians maintained small parties of coastwatchers at other locations on New Britain; the Australians were civilians who had volunteered to remain on the island following the invasion.
1906:
judged that "in many respects Australian operations on New Britain had been a classic containment campaign", but contrasted the insufficient air and naval support for them with the excesses of both which had been allocated to the
1659:
was cleared by Australian and US forces. In response, the Japanese high command at Rabaul ordered their forces that were withdrawing from the Huon Peninsula to bypass Saidor, and they subsequently began withdrawing towards
1737:, with responsibility for New Britain passing to the Australians in line with the Australian government's desire to use their own troops to recapture the Australian territory the Japanese had taken earlier in the war. The
1915:
also regarded the Australian operations as successful, but was critical of both the decision to deploy the 5th Division against a much more powerful Japanese force and the limited support provided for the campaign.
1640:
1428:. While the initial plans for Operation Cartwheel directed MacArthur to capture Rabaul, in June 1943 the Joint Chiefs of Staff decided that this was unnecessary as the Japanese base there could be neutralized by
1646:
With the successful landing, the Allies effectively gained control of the sea lanes of communication to the Bismarck Sea, having secured lodgements on either side of the Vitiaz Strait, after earlier capturing
1180:. The interior of New Britain is rugged, with a range of volcanic mountains over 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) high running for most of its length. The island's coast is indented by a large number of bays.
6981:
1460:
ceased using Rabaul as a fleet base. The campaign against Rabaul was intensified from November when air units operating from airfields on recently captured islands in the Solomons joined the attacks.
6986:
1891:"were probably not essential to the reduction of Rabaul or the approach to the Philippines", while there were some benefits to the offensive in western New Britain and comparatively few casualties.
1236:
and were treated harshly. The 500 European civilians captured by the Japanese were interned. On 1 July 1942, 849 POWs and 208 civilian men who had been captured on New Britain were killed when the
1851:
conducted a patrol which penetrated close to Rabaul, and judged that the terrain was so rough it would not be possible for large Japanese units to move over it to attack the Australian forces.
1314:
1261:, but these operations were generally unsuccessful. By mid-1943, a network of four airfields had been constructed at Rabaul which could accommodate 265 fighters and 166 bombers in protective
1176:. It is approximately 595 kilometres (370 mi) long, and its width varies from around 30 kilometres (19 mi) to 100 kilometres (62 mi); this makes it the largest island in the
1522:
Alamo Force was responsible for developing plans for Operation Dexterity, with work on this having commenced in August 1943. Intelligence to inform these plans was sourced from Marine and
1203:, located on the north-east coast of New Britain, was the main settlement on the island and the largest in the Bismarcks. The town had served as the capital of the Australian-administered
7006:
1281:, which led to a successful low-intensity campaign against the Japanese garrison. However, it also sparked tribal warfare with the guerrillas attacking villages they believed to have
1424:
region of the mainland and land in western New Britain. The South Pacific Area was to continue its advance through the Solomon Islands towards Rabaul, culminating with a landing on
3350:
1552:
was appointed the new commander of the Japanese forces in western New Britain, but the division's battalions were spread across this region, southern New Britain and Bougainville.
1828:
Meanwhile, on the southern coast, the main advance towards Wide Bay had begun in late December. This involved establishing a forward base around Milim in mid-February 1945 by the
1416:
The Allies re-cast their plans in early 1943. Following a major conference, on 28 March the Joint Chiefs of Staff issued a new plan for reducing Rabaul, which was designated
5484:
5229:
4830:
6842:
4846:
3428:
1127:
Initial fighting on New Britain took place around the western end of the island in December 1943 and January 1944, with US forces landing and securing bases around
5173:
4769:
4741:
3885:
1318:
1965:. Citing figures of the Relief Bureau of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, March 1964. 30,500 Japanese troops are listed as dying in the Bismarck Archipelago.
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5493:
5180:
4307:
1011:
5796:
5159:
4461:
4086:
4802:
4748:
3934:
1765:
7011:
6976:
5266:
4755:
4371:
926:
1223:
Japanese forces captured New Britain in January 1942 as part of efforts to secure Rabaul, quickly overwhelming the small Australian garrison during the
3781:
1962:
1497:, the commander of Alamo Force, and MacArthur's naval commanders believed that it was necessary to invade New Britain to gain control of the strategic
5152:
4592:
4468:
598:
306:
1695:. Conceived as a follow-up operation to cut off the withdrawing Japanese, the operation involved a regimental combat team formed primarily from the
4445:
3825:
1912:
388:
1835:
After this, a series of engagements took place over a six-week period to reduce the main Japanese position around Mount Sugi, commencing with the
4882:
4194:
1549:
1310:
1257:
Following the invasion, the Japanese established a large base at Rabaul. The facilities located near the town were attacked by Allied air units
4701:
4003:
982:
6714:
3336:. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 1 – Army. Vol. VII (1st ed.). Canberra: Australian War Memorial. pp. 241–270.
1116:. The campaign was initiated by the Allies in late 1943 as part of a major offensive which aimed to neutralise the important Japanese base at
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5440:
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Shindo, Hiroyuki (2016). "Holding on to the Finish: The Japanese Army in the South and South West Pacific 1944–45". In Dean, Peter J. (ed.).
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1651:. In January 1944, the Allies sought to press their advantage further, launching another Dexterity operation on the New Guinea coast with a
5593:
5449:
5433:
5405:
4646:
3853:
1587:
fire that was quickly dealt with. Japanese aircraft from Rabaul sortied over the landing beach, but were chased away by US fighters flying
6357:
5417:
5329:
5273:
5236:
4511:
3254:. Bullard, Steven and Akemi, Inoue (translators). Canberra: Australia–Japan Research Project, Australian War Memorial. pp. 138–152.
994:
5322:
4047:
843:
693:
6835:
5456:
3839:
3797:
2254:
2122:
2090:
2026:
1781:
was landed at Cape Hoskins to begin taking over from the US garrison. Early the next month, the remaining elements of the Australian
1700:
prevented them from advancing quickly enough to cut off the withdrawal of the main Japanese force falling back from Cape Gloucester.
987:
6684:
4489:
4263:
4026:
3892:
3703:
1920:
the Imperial Japanese Navy and had as such, chosen to deploy only a small portion of his troops forward of the fortress of Rabaul.
882:
807:
734:
1368:
From mid-1942 Allied plans for the Pacific had a strong focus on capturing or neutralising Rabaul. In July 1942 the US military's
5572:
5369:
5021:
4399:
3899:
3811:
3747:
3382:
5775:
5287:
4130:
3668:
1797:
1432:
and aerial bombardment. MacArthur initially opposed this change in plans, but it was endorsed by the British and United States
1349:
1345:
1337:
1306:
504:
6378:
6283:
5803:
5549:
5424:
4503:
4477:
4334:
4040:
3957:
3637:
3593:
3514:
3495:
3476:
3457:
3436:
3259:
3233:
3214:
3195:
3173:
3154:
3135:
741:
654:
620:
591:
299:
6611:
6011:
5897:
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4100:
1816:
1734:
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the island's garrison had already been withdrawn. The following month, a further landing was undertaken at Talasea, on the
1636:
1293:
By 1943, there were more than 100,000 Japanese military and civilian personnel on New Britain and a smaller nearby island,
1242:
was torpedoed by an American submarine en route to Japan. Most of the remaining European internees were transported to the
897:
855:
688:
381:
44:
1473:
On 22 September 1943 MacArthur's General Headquarters issued orders for the invasion of New Britain, which was designated
1420:. Under this plan, MacArthur's forces were to establish airfields on two islands off the coast of New Guinea, capture the
6526:
5983:
5315:
5301:
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1848:
1696:
1632:
1620:
1341:
999:
664:
1227:. This invasion was undertaken to both prevent Allied forces from using Rabaul to attack the important Japanese base at
6735:
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1934:
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1518:
Movements of Japanese forces in western New Britain during late 1943 and early 1944 and locations of Allied landings
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6039:
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5111:
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4063:
584:
292:
4617:
1707:
In April 1944, once Arawe and Cape Gloucester had been secured, the US 40th Infantry Division under Major General
1413:, also disrupted the Allied plans but left them in control of the territory needed to mount their own offensives.
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4270:
4139:
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1829:
1821:
1805:
1148:
909:
374:
355:
4787:
4355:
6798:
6770:
6648:
6441:
5671:
5122:
5048:
4837:
4208:
3927:
3832:
3717:
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Mortensen, Bernhardt L. (1950). "Rabaul and Cape Gloucester". In Craven, Wesley Frank; Cate, James Lea (eds.).
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region of western New Britain and at Gasmata to secure all of New Britain west of the line between Gasmata and
1147:
the following month, before beginning a limited offensive to secure a defensive line across the island between
836:
826:
1796:
fighter bombers were later flown in to support Allied operations on the island, and US landing craft from the
1643:
attempting to defend positions located on high ground. The Marines eventually secured the area on 16 January.
6858:
6791:
6742:
6673:
6498:
5997:
5948:
5712:
5705:
5308:
5069:
4853:
3906:
1531:
1026:
751:
6932:
6828:
6203:
6157:
5076:
4904:
4889:
4816:
4795:
4613:
4291:
4077:
4070:
4054:
3765:
3724:
3696:
1199:
The island's population in 1940 was estimated as over 101,000 New Guineans and 4,674 Europeans and Asians.
1066:
776:
681:
632:
424:
1328:
In contrast, United States, Australian and New Guinean forces, assisted by local civilians, were always a
6895:
6219:
6164:
5782:
5754:
5607:
5222:
5201:
4715:
4378:
4284:
3774:
1790:
931:
565:
444:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6693:
6182:
6101:
6046:
5934:
5890:
5540:
5166:
5090:
4985:
4862:
4734:
4727:
4687:
4660:
4392:
4325:
3920:
3731:
3661:
3275:. Washington, DC: Historical Division, Division of Public Information, Headquarters U.S. Marine Corps.
1836:
1778:
1274:
1139:, after which little fighting took place between the ground forces on the island. In October 1944, the
1021:
850:
821:
705:
543:
480:
3224:
Grant, Lachlan (2016). "Campaigns in Aitape–Wewak and New Britain, 1944–45". In Dean, Peter J. (ed.).
6595:
6512:
6297:
6150:
6122:
5955:
5860:
5650:
5083:
4150:
3804:
1899:
1668:
large number of small engagements were fought in the centre of the island and along its north coast.
1608:
1298:
1132:
921:
492:
335:
4348:
3605:
Operations of the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces in the Papua New Guinea Theater During World War II
3555:
3452:. The Army Air Forces in World War II. Vol. IV. Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History.
3410:
3300:
6334:
6311:
5556:
5357:
5350:
5007:
4667:
4639:
4632:
4019:
1840:
1786:
1738:
1478:
1433:
1364:
Allied and Japanese operations associated with Operation Cartwheel between June 1943 and April 1944
1258:
1144:
1140:
1086:
867:
727:
538:
461:
350:
340:
4364:
4341:
6756:
6700:
6570:
6430:
6108:
5761:
5657:
5563:
5131:
4992:
4962:
4926:
4911:
4783:
4675:
4653:
4599:
4585:
4567:
4231:
4012:
3740:
3689:
1844:
1782:
1733:
In October 1944, the decision was made to transfer the US 40th Infantry Division to fight in the
1656:
1540:
any Allied advances to buy time to improve the defences of more strategically important regions.
1437:
1410:
1224:
1204:
1052:
872:
514:
449:
429:
419:
146:
141:
133:
74:
6448:
6341:
6136:
6087:
5990:
5883:
5853:
5636:
5524:
5250:
5041:
4625:
4606:
4576:
4123:
4093:
3270:
1908:
1545:
1457:
1333:
1183:
The island has a tropical climate. At the time of World War II the mountains were covered by a
1124:, and was conducted in two phases between December 1943 and the end of the war in August 1945.
1109:
916:
627:
3376:
1332:-level command or smaller; the US "Director" Task Force which secured Arawe was effectively a
6939:
6662:
6505:
6401:
6371:
6327:
6196:
6060:
6025:
6018:
5941:
5839:
5280:
5257:
5104:
4708:
4245:
3985:
3971:
3654:
3630:
Target Rabaul: The Allied Siege of Japan's Most Infamous Stronghold, March 1943 – August 1945
3183:
1903:
1648:
1448:
1402:
1369:
1071:
831:
674:
434:
4543:
6763:
6618:
6269:
6226:
6189:
6115:
5925:
5904:
4823:
4300:
3978:
3418:
1887:
1294:
1177:
1016:
1004:
698:
560:
8:
6881:
6655:
6533:
6489:
6004:
5138:
4897:
4424:
4254:
4238:
4187:
1692:
1615:
1574:
For the Arawe operation, the Director Task Force, under the command of Brigadier General
1474:
1425:
1417:
1406:
1329:
887:
761:
497:
439:
398:
199:
6874:
6707:
6632:
6586:
6556:
6464:
6304:
5962:
5846:
5740:
5691:
5629:
5385:
5336:
5145:
4762:
4417:
4215:
3543:
3398:
3288:
1793:
1373:
1238:
1189:
1045:
1038:
977:
967:
941:
793:
715:
454:
1800:
provided support until the Australian Landing Craft Company arrived in February 1945.
6865:
6749:
6639:
6579:
6540:
6473:
6455:
6421:
6364:
6318:
6262:
6080:
5818:
5810:
5747:
5600:
5194:
4719:
4180:
4159:
3869:
3633:
3608:
3589:
3572:
3531:
3525:
3510:
3491:
3472:
3453:
3432:
3386:
3356:
3337:
3313:
3276:
3255:
3229:
3210:
3191:
3169:
3150:
3131:
1677:
1652:
1588:
1579:
1575:
1385:
1322:
1278:
1219:
The disposition of Japanese forces on New Britain and nearby islands in November 1943
1136:
1078:
1031:
936:
781:
766:
710:
548:
345:
188:
177:
3447:
6784:
6777:
6721:
6385:
6143:
6129:
6032:
5969:
5920:
5733:
5586:
5533:
5343:
5294:
5208:
4431:
4408:
3941:
1881:
Australian soldiers posing with captured Japanese tanks at Rabaul in September 1945
1855:
1854:
A series of command changes had occurred around this time. In April, Major General
1661:
1282:
1233:
972:
800:
786:
756:
669:
649:
553:
509:
232:
3950:
3530:. Vol. II. Historical Branch, G-3 Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps.
3329:
6807:
6519:
6434:
6392:
6290:
6233:
6094:
5876:
5867:
5396:
4971:
4947:
4201:
3422:
1561:
1481:(which at the time was typically designated 'Alamo Force') to land forces in the
1444:
1302:
1243:
1128:
1113:
902:
877:
746:
330:
244:
158:
153:
6919:
3564:
1724:
Australian operations in central New Britain between October 1944 and March 1945
1514:
6814:
6350:
6276:
4314:
4173:
1859:
1494:
1421:
1215:
960:
814:
722:
644:
485:
1360:
6955:
6625:
4536:
4385:
4224:
3576:
3535:
3360:
1921:
1628:
1566:
1498:
1490:
1251:
475:
205:
194:
183:
172:
107:
102:
3390:
3280:
3205:
Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin; Bou, Jean (2008).
2255:"Strategy and Command in Australia's New Guinea Campaigns (Symposium paper)"
6924:
6728:
5014:
4919:
4550:
3913:
3677:
3612:
3341:
3317:
2250:
1877:
1599:
1523:
1398:
1372:
ordered a two-pronged offensive against Rabaul. The forces assigned to the
1228:
1105:
951:
946:
860:
36:
3228:. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press. pp. 213–231.
1207:
since Australian forces had captured the region from Germany during 1914.
6563:
6549:
6211:
4873:
4694:
4679:
4033:
1742:
1502:
judged too swampy. Instead, on 21 November it was decided to capture the
1377:
1169:
1121:
637:
608:
221:
70:
32:
3588:. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press. pp. 51–76.
3469:
War by Stealth: Australians and the Allied Intelligence Bureau 1942–1945
3166:
The Unnecessary War: Island Campaigns of the South-West Pacific, 1944–45
3128:
Jungle Cavalry: Australian Independent Companies and Commandos 1941-1945
5911:
5664:
5643:
4529:
3862:
3790:
3325:
2082:
1895:
1708:
1193:
1184:
1173:
284:
210:
366:
6174:
5579:
5376:
5187:
4978:
4933:
3565:"Japanese Air Operations Over New Guinea During the Second World War"
1682:
1262:
1060:
227:
216:
118:
113:
4454:
1937:: a documentary/propaganda film produced by the US military in 1944.
1603:
US Marines landing at Cape Gloucester, New Britain, 26 December 1943
1506:
area on the south-west coast of New Britain to establish a base for
4438:
4166:
1429:
1393:
6982:
Battles and operations of World War II involving the United States
1489:
on the north coast. MacArthur's air commander, Lieutenant General
49:
US Army soldiers returning from a patrol near Arawe, December 1943
6987:
Battles and operations of World War II involving Papua New Guinea
3147:
Hell's Battlefield: The Australians in New Guinea in World War II
1624:
1536:
1507:
1486:
1266:
16:
World War II campaign between Allied and Imperial Japanese forces
1188:
military units on New Britain. The number of sites suitable for
5055:
3646:
3355:(PhD thesis) (online ed.). University of New South Wales.
2216:
1749:
in May 1944 following operations to secure the Huon Peninsula.
1746:
1200:
1117:
3252:
From a Hostile Shore: Australia and Japan at War in New Guinea
2245:
2243:
2194:
2192:
1135:. This was followed by a further landing in March 1944 around
576:
5243:
3055:
2780:
2660:
2285:
1503:
3449:
The Pacific: Guadalcanal to Saipan, August 1942 to July 1944
2539:
2537:
2165:
1745:, was chosen for this operation, having concentrated around
1544:
designated Matsuda Force after its commander, Major General
1376:
were directed to capture the Solomon Islands, starting with
2877:
2875:
2768:
2648:
2624:
2549:
2459:
2435:
2399:
2240:
2189:
2116:
2114:
2112:
1963:"Australia-Japan Research Project: Dispositions and deaths"
1894:
In summarising the Australian involvement in the campaign,
1401:, which was defeated after months of heavy fighting in the
7007:
Battles and operations of World War II involving Australia
2819:
1886:
the landing at Cape Gloucester easier, US naval historian
1172:
is a crescent-shaped island north east of the mainland of
3607:. Tokyo, Japan: Japan Papua New Guinea Goodwill Society.
3429:
History of United States Naval Operations in World War II
3091:
3043:
2744:
2720:
2696:
2672:
2636:
2561:
2534:
2522:
2372:
2360:
2348:
2336:
2297:
2273:
2204:
1389:
2995:
2872:
2600:
2578:
2576:
2512:
2510:
2483:
2389:
2387:
2326:
2324:
2228:
2141:
2109:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1728:
3488:
World War II Pacific Island Guide: A Geo-military Study
3471:. Carlton South, Victoria: Melbourne University Press.
3019:
2973:
2971:
2956:
2946:
2944:
2929:
2917:
2892:
2890:
2807:
2797:
2795:
2756:
2612:
2588:
2177:
2091:"Why the Japanese were in New Guinea (Symposium paper)"
2070:
1773:
on a transport ship near Jacquinot Bay in November 1944
4308:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
3031:
2907:
2905:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2831:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
3103:
3079:
3007:
2684:
2573:
2507:
2423:
2384:
2321:
2309:
1997:
1980:
1968:
3245:"Chapter 7: Japanese force in post-surrender Rabaul"
3209:(2nd ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
3190:(2nd ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
3067:
2968:
2941:
2887:
2792:
2732:
2708:
2495:
2471:
2447:
2411:
1156:
island between October 1944 and the end of the war.
3207:
The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History
3168:. South Melbourne: Macmillan Company of Australia.
3149:. Crow's Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin.
2983:
2902:
2855:
2843:
2045:
1858:took over command from Ramsay, while Major General
2153:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
1463:
3130:. Warwick, United Kingdom: Helion & Company.
6953:
1297:. These were centred on the headquarters of the
3431:. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press.
2009:
3507:World War II US Cavalry Units. Pacific Theater
1627:. Escorted by US and Australian warships from
1309:(11,429 personnel at the end of the war); the
1196:which lay off most of the island's coastline.
3662:
1143:took over from the US troops and undertook a
592:
382:
300:
3204:
2774:
2198:
1380:. Simultaneously, the units assigned to the
124:
1686:US Marines advance towards Talasea airstrip
1456:and its harbour. Following this attack the
7012:United States Marine Corps in World War II
6977:South West Pacific theatre of World War II
3669:
3655:
3268:
2726:
2666:
2642:
599:
585:
389:
375:
307:
293:
3586:Australia 1944–45: Victory in the Pacific
3524:Shaw, Henry I.; Kane, Douglas T. (1963).
3445:
3226:Australia 1944–45: Victory in the Pacific
2291:
2171:
2147:
1355:
3523:
3269:Hough, Frank O.; Crown, John A. (1952).
3163:
3097:
3025:
2654:
2630:
2618:
2594:
2555:
2465:
2441:
2405:
1876:
1815:
1764:
1719:
1715:
1681:
1598:
1565:
1513:
1359:
1246:where they died due to poor conditions.
1214:
314:
3504:
3485:
3417:
3383:Office of the Chief of Military History
3348:
3330:"Chapter 10: Operations on New Britain"
3144:
3037:
2837:
2825:
2234:
2003:
1991:
1974:
1631:, en route they were reinforced by the
396:
6954:
5523:
5501:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
3627:
3602:
3583:
3569:Journal of the Australian War Memorial
3562:
3466:
3374:
3312:. Melbourne: Grayflower Publications.
3242:
3182:
3109:
3085:
3049:
3013:
2750:
2714:
2702:
2690:
2678:
2582:
2567:
2543:
2528:
2516:
2429:
2417:
2393:
2378:
2366:
2354:
2342:
2330:
2315:
2303:
2279:
2222:
2210:
2159:
1798:594th Engineer Boat and Shore Regiment
1760:
1210:
6379:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
5804:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
5450:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
5406:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
4504:Rape during the occupation of Germany
3650:
3307:
3223:
3125:
3073:
3001:
2977:
2950:
2896:
2881:
2801:
2786:
2738:
2606:
2501:
2489:
2477:
2453:
2076:
2064:
1957:
1955:
1729:Transfer to Australian responsibility
580:
370:
288:
5494:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
4519:Rape during the liberation of France
3324:
3061:
2989:
2962:
2935:
2923:
2911:
2866:
2849:
2813:
2762:
2183:
2123:"New Britain, 1944–45 (Longer text)"
278:(mostly from disease and starvation)
3352:Australian Army Logistics 1943–1945
2120:
2024:
1824:coming ashore at Open Bay, May 1945
1570:US Army soldiers land at Arawe
1348:, which in turn handed over to the
13:
5720:German invasion of the Netherlands
3993:Weather events during World War II
3621:
3378:Cartwheel: The Reduction of Rabaul
2249:
1952:
1806:line between Wide Bay and Open Bay
1594:
1288:
14:
7023:
6358:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
3632:. Minneapolis, MN: Zenith Press.
3490:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
1935:Attack! The Battle of New Britain
1862:assumed control in early August.
1810:1st New Guinea Infantry Battalion
1771:1st New Guinea Infantry Battalion
1468:
61:15 December 1943 – 21 August 1945
6918:
3676:
2259:Australia-Japan Research Project
2127:Australia-Japan Research Project
2095:Australia-Japan Research Project
2088:
2031:Australia-Japan Research Project
238:
226:
215:
204:
193:
182:
171:
152:
140:
126:
112:
101:
43:
3385:, U.S. Department of the Army.
3118:
1464:Invasion of western New Britain
1340:. It was later followed by the
1301:, under the command of General
606:
6605:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
4301:Territorial changes of Germany
4209:Indonesian National Revolution
3424:Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier
1:
5998:Japanese invasion of Thailand
5949:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
5713:German invasion of Luxembourg
4087:Mediterranean and Middle East
1941:
1741:, commanded by Major General
1532:Imperial General Headquarters
1344:before it handed over to the
1273:During 1943 small parties of
1159:
5905:Invasion of the Soviet Union
5594:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
4905:Independent State of Croatia
3188:An Atlas of Australia's Wars
2027:"Rabaul, 1942 (Longer text)"
1946:
1872:29th/46th Infantry Battalion
1865:
1830:14th/32nd Infantry Battalion
1822:37th/52nd Infantry Battalion
1192:was also constrained by the
1164:
1053:Manchuria and Northern Korea
7:
6896:End of World War II in Asia
6736:Western invasion of Germany
6243:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
6220:Second Battle of El Alamein
5783:Hundred Regiments Offensive
5755:Battle of the Mediterranean
5608:Italian invasion of Albania
3775:Air warfare of World War II
3505:Rottman, Gordon L. (2009).
3486:Rottman, Gordon L. (2002).
3272:The Campaign on New Britain
1928:
1791:Royal New Zealand Air Force
1777:In early October 1944, the
851:Dutch East Indies (1941–42)
808:Strategic bombing (1944–45)
10:
7028:
6822:Naval bombardment of Japan
6183:First Battle of El Alamein
6102:Battle of Christmas Island
6047:Japanese invasion of Burma
5811:Italian invasion of Greece
5727:German invasion of Belgium
5699:German invasion of Denmark
5672:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
5541:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
3798:Comparative military ranks
3310:South West Pacific 1941–45
1870:Rabaul was secured by the
1675:
1671:
1606:
1559:
1275:Allied Intelligence Bureau
1000:Volcano and Ryukyu Islands
6911:
6743:Bratislava–Brno offensive
6683:
6674:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
6411:
6298:Allied invasion of Sicily
6252:
6151:Aleutian Islands campaign
6123:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
6070:
6061:Greek famine of 1941–1944
5956:Second Battle of Changsha
5861:German invasion of Greece
5829:
5706:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
5681:
5619:
5514:
5395:
5121:
5031:
4872:
4575:
4566:
4324:
4149:
4041:North and Central Pacific
4002:
3764:
3757:
3684:
3563:Shindo, Hiroyuki (2001).
3375:Miller, John Jr. (1959).
3349:Mallett, Ross A. (2007).
3064:, pp. 250 & 269.
2261:. Australian War Memorial
2225:, pp. 138 & 146.
2129:. Australian War Memorial
2097:. Australian War Memorial
2033:. Australian War Memorial
1961:Australian War Memorial.
1609:Battle of Cape Gloucester
616:
408:
326:
263:
250:
164:
93:
53:
42:
30:
25:
7002:1945 in Papua New Guinea
6997:1944 in Papua New Guinea
6992:1943 in Papua New Guinea
6335:Allied invasion of Italy
6312:Solomon Islands campaign
6054:Third Battle of Changsha
5651:First Battle of Changsha
5557:Second Sino-Japanese War
4490:German military brothels
4356:United States war crimes
3603:Tanaka, Kengoro (1980).
3164:Charlton, Peter (1983).
3145:Bradley, Philip (2012).
2789:, pp. 395, 410–411.
1555:
1477:. These directed the US
1434:Combined Chiefs of Staff
1145:landing at Jacquinot Bay
1114:Imperial Japanese forces
1108:campaign fought between
1087:Second Sino-Japanese War
927:Estevan Point Lighthouse
682:Indian Ocean (1941–1945)
633:Marshalls–Gilberts raids
539:Neutralisation of Rabaul
505:Markham-Ramu-Finisterres
341:Neutralisation of Rabaul
6757:Second Guangxi campaign
6612:Philippines (1944–1945)
6109:Battle of the Coral Sea
6012:Fall of the Philippines
5658:Battle of South Guangxi
5564:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
4963:Italian Social Republic
3308:Keogh, Eustace (1965).
3243:Hiromi, Tanaka (2004).
3126:Blake, Gregory (2019).
1849:2/2nd Commando Squadron
1837:19th Infantry Battalion
1779:36th Infantry Battalion
1739:Australian 5th Division
1641:141st Infantry Regiment
1635:and artillery from the
1452:aircraft carriers also
1449:landing on Bougainville
1384:, commanded by General
1382:South West Pacific Area
1350:Australian 5th Division
1205:Territory of New Guinea
1141:Australian 5th Division
689:Japanese merchant raids
75:Territory of New Guinea
6342:Armistice of Cassibile
6137:Battle of Dutch Harbor
6088:Battle of the Java Sea
5991:Attack on Pearl Harbor
5891:Syria–Lebanon campaign
5884:Battle of South Shanxi
5854:Invasion of Yugoslavia
5637:Battle of the Atlantic
5251:Korean Liberation Army
4957:(until September 1943)
4914:(until September 1944)
4892:(until September 1944)
3628:Gamble, Bruce (2013).
2727:Hough & Crown 1952
2667:Hough & Crown 1952
2643:Hough & Crown 1952
1882:
1825:
1774:
1725:
1687:
1604:
1571:
1519:
1458:Imperial Japanese Navy
1365:
1356:Preliminary operations
1346:40th Infantry Division
1338:112th Cavalry Regiment
1334:regimental combat team
1220:
988:Hiroshima and Nagasaki
832:Burma and India (1944)
655:Gilberts and Marshalls
165:Commanders and leaders
6506:Second Battle of Guam
6402:Bengal famine of 1943
6372:Second Battle of Kiev
6328:Battle of the Dnieper
6197:Kokoda Track campaign
6026:Battle of Wake Island
5898:East African campaign
5840:Battle of South Henan
5485:atrocities by Germans
5258:Korean Volunteer Army
4232:Occupation of Germany
3986:Music in World War II
3467:Powell, Alan (1996).
3419:Morison, Samuel Eliot
1880:
1841:13th Infantry Brigade
1819:
1768:
1723:
1716:Australian operations
1685:
1602:
1569:
1517:
1403:Kokoda Track campaign
1370:Joint Chiefs of Staff
1363:
1218:
1149:Wide Bay and Open Bay
898:Philippines (1944–45)
856:Philippines (1941–42)
264:Casualties and losses
6792:Surrender of Germany
6270:Battle of West Hubei
6227:Guadalcanal campaign
6190:Battle of Stalingrad
6116:Battle of Madagascar
4883:Albania protectorate
4670:(formerly Swaziland)
4379:Wehrmacht war crimes
4195:Expulsion of Germans
3979:Art and World War II
3877:British contribution
3826:Governments in exile
3026:Shaw & Kane 1963
2655:Shaw & Kane 1963
2631:Shaw & Kane 1963
2619:Shaw & Kane 1963
2595:Shaw & Kane 1963
2556:Shaw & Kane 1963
2466:Shaw & Kane 1963
2442:Shaw & Kane 1963
2406:Shaw & Kane 1963
2294:, pp. 316, 318.
1888:Samuel Eliot Morison
1783:6th Infantry Brigade
1178:Bismarck Archipelago
1102:New Britain campaign
699:Homfreyganj massacre
561:Bombing of Hollandia
400:New Guinea campaign
318:New Britain campaign
26:New Britain campaign
6882:Potsdam Declaration
6771:Italy (Spring 1945)
6534:Liberation of Paris
5984:Siege of Sevastopol
4995:(until August 1944)
4898:Wang Jingwei regime
4720:from September 1943
4680:from September 1944
4618:from September 1944
4478:Romanian war crimes
4469:Persecution of Jews
4455:Croatian war crimes
4425:Japanese war crimes
4239:Occupation of Japan
4188:First Indochina War
3900:Military production
3812:Declarations of war
3527:Isolation of Rabaul
3334:The Final Campaigns
3052:, pp. 294–295.
3004:, pp. 226–227.
2965:, pp. 260–261.
2938:, pp. 256–257.
2926:, pp. 255–256.
2884:, pp. 225–226.
2828:, pp. 288–289.
2816:, pp. 249–250.
2765:, pp. 266–267.
2753:, pp. 239–245.
2705:, pp. 311–312.
2681:, pp. 309–310.
2669:, pp. 152–171.
2657:, pp. 411–427.
2633:, pp. 399–408.
2609:, pp. 340–341.
2570:, pp. 290–294.
2558:, pp. 443–444.
2546:, pp. 290–292.
2531:, pp. 277–279.
2492:, pp. 339–340.
2468:, pp. 338–339.
2444:, pp. 326–327.
2408:, pp. 324–325.
2381:, pp. 278–279.
2369:, pp. 276–277.
2357:, pp. 274–275.
2345:, pp. 273–274.
2306:, pp. 230–232.
2282:, pp. 224–225.
2213:, pp. 127–130.
2186:, pp. 268–270.
2174:, pp. 312–313.
2079:, pp. 100–111.
1761:Central New Britain
1693:Willaumez Peninsula
1616:William H. Rupertus
1475:Operation Dexterity
1426:Bougainville Island
1418:Operation Cartwheel
1411:Battle of Buna–Gona
1407:Battle of Milne Bay
1342:1st Marine Division
1285:with the Japanese.
1211:Japanese occupation
1190:amphibious landings
200:William H. Rupertus
6875:Surrender of Japan
6708:Battle of Iwo Jima
6557:Belgrade offensive
5963:Siege of Leningrad
5847:Battle of Shanggao
5776:British Somaliland
5741:Dunkirk evacuation
5692:Norwegian campaign
5630:Invasion of Poland
5457:Japanese prisoners
4418:Italian war crimes
4349:British war crimes
4264:Soviet occupations
4048:South-West Pacific
3935:Allied cooperation
3893:Military equipment
3509:. Oxford: Osprey.
3381:. Washington, DC:
1902:. Retired General
1883:
1826:
1775:
1769:Soldiers from the
1726:
1688:
1605:
1589:combat air patrols
1578:, concentrated on
1572:
1520:
1443:The United States
1374:South Pacific Area
1366:
1311:38th Division
1307:17th Division
1221:
1046:Japanese surrender
1012:Naval bombardments
942:Fire balloon bombs
665:Volcano and Ryukyu
660:Marianas and Palau
566:Western New Guinea
6972:Conflicts in 1945
6967:Conflicts in 1944
6962:Conflicts in 1943
6949:
6948:
6907:
6906:
6750:Battle of Okinawa
6649:Burma (1944–1945)
6483:Mariana and Palau
6263:Tunisian campaign
6081:Fall of Singapore
6005:Fall of Hong Kong
5748:Battle of Britain
5601:Operation Himmler
5510:
5509:
5174:Dutch East Indies
4810:Southern Rhodesia
4562:
4561:
4462:Genocide of Serbs
4365:German war crimes
4342:Soviet war crimes
4335:Allied war crimes
4181:Division of Korea
4160:Chinese Civil War
3958:Strategic bombing
3870:Manhattan Project
3639:978-0-7603-4407-1
3595:978-1-107-08346-2
3516:978-1-84603-451-0
3497:978-0-313-31395-0
3478:978-0-522-84691-1
3459:978-0-912799-03-2
3438:978-0-252-06997-0
3261:978-0-975-19040-1
3235:978-1-107-08346-2
3216:978-0-19-551784-2
3197:978-0-19-555914-9
3175:978-0-333-35628-9
3156:978-1-74237-270-9
3137:978-1-911628-82-8
3100:, pp. 97–98.
2775:Dennis et al 2008
2237:, pp. 21–22.
2199:Dennis et al 2008
1678:Battle of Talasea
1653:landing at Saidor
1580:Goodenough Island
1576:Julian Cunningham
1454:attacked the town
1438:Quebec Conference
1388:, were to secure
1386:Douglas MacArthur
1323:Gazelle Peninsula
1319:65th Brigade
1315:39th Brigade
1120:, the capital of
1095:
1094:
937:Lookout Air Raids
844:Southwest Pacific
574:
573:
525:Bombing of Rabaul
445:Goodenough Island
364:
363:
356:Wide Bay–Open Bay
283:
282:
279:
189:Julian Cunningham
178:Douglas MacArthur
89:
88:
7019:
6942:
6935:
6928:
6925:World portal
6923:
6922:
6898:
6891:
6884:
6877:
6868:
6861:
6854:
6845:
6838:
6831:
6824:
6817:
6810:
6801:
6794:
6787:
6785:Prague offensive
6780:
6778:Battle of Berlin
6773:
6766:
6759:
6752:
6745:
6738:
6731:
6724:
6722:Vienna offensive
6717:
6710:
6703:
6701:Battle of Manila
6696:
6676:
6667:
6658:
6651:
6642:
6635:
6628:
6621:
6614:
6607:
6600:
6591:
6582:
6575:
6566:
6559:
6552:
6545:
6536:
6529:
6522:
6515:
6508:
6501:
6494:
6485:
6478:
6469:
6460:
6451:
6444:
6442:Korsun–Cherkassy
6437:
6426:
6404:
6395:
6388:
6381:
6374:
6367:
6360:
6353:
6344:
6337:
6330:
6323:
6314:
6307:
6300:
6293:
6286:
6284:Bombing of Gorky
6279:
6272:
6265:
6245:
6238:
6229:
6222:
6215:
6206:
6199:
6192:
6185:
6178:
6167:
6160:
6153:
6146:
6144:Battle of Midway
6139:
6132:
6130:Battle of Gazala
6125:
6118:
6111:
6104:
6097:
6090:
6083:
6063:
6056:
6049:
6042:
6040:Battle of Borneo
6035:
6033:Malayan campaign
6028:
6021:
6014:
6007:
6000:
5993:
5986:
5979:
5977:Bombing of Gorky
5972:
5970:Battle of Moscow
5965:
5958:
5951:
5944:
5937:
5930:
5914:
5907:
5900:
5893:
5886:
5879:
5870:
5863:
5856:
5849:
5842:
5822:
5813:
5806:
5799:
5792:
5785:
5778:
5771:
5764:
5757:
5750:
5743:
5736:
5734:Battle of France
5729:
5722:
5715:
5708:
5701:
5694:
5674:
5667:
5660:
5653:
5646:
5639:
5632:
5610:
5603:
5596:
5589:
5587:Munich Agreement
5582:
5575:
5566:
5559:
5552:
5543:
5536:
5521:
5520:
5503:
5496:
5487:
5480:
5473:
5472:Soviet prisoners
5466:
5459:
5452:
5443:
5436:
5427:
5420:
5413:
5412:German prisoners
5408:
5388:
5379:
5372:
5365:
5360:
5353:
5346:
5339:
5332:
5325:
5318:
5311:
5304:
5297:
5290:
5283:
5276:
5269:
5260:
5253:
5246:
5239:
5232:
5225:
5218:
5211:
5204:
5197:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5169:
5162:
5155:
5148:
5141:
5134:
5114:
5107:
5100:
5093:
5086:
5079:
5072:
5065:
5058:
5051:
5044:
5024:
5017:
5010:
5003:
4996:
4988:
4981:
4974:
4965:
4958:
4950:
4943:
4941:French Indochina
4936:
4929:
4922:
4915:
4907:
4900:
4893:
4885:
4865:
4856:
4849:
4840:
4833:
4826:
4819:
4812:
4805:
4798:
4791:
4788:from August 1944
4779:
4772:
4765:
4758:
4751:
4744:
4737:
4730:
4723:
4711:
4704:
4697:
4690:
4683:
4671:
4663:
4656:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4609:
4602:
4595:
4588:
4573:
4572:
4553:
4546:
4539:
4532:
4525:
4514:
4499:
4492:
4485:
4480:
4471:
4464:
4457:
4448:
4441:
4434:
4432:Nanjing Massacre
4427:
4420:
4411:
4409:Nuremberg trials
4402:
4395:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4358:
4351:
4344:
4337:
4317:
4310:
4303:
4294:
4287:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4259:
4250:
4241:
4234:
4227:
4220:
4211:
4204:
4197:
4190:
4183:
4176:
4169:
4162:
4142:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4089:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4057:
4050:
4043:
4036:
4029:
4022:
4015:
4013:Asia and Pacific
3995:
3988:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3944:
3942:Mulberry harbour
3937:
3930:
3923:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3784:
3777:
3762:
3761:
3750:
3743:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3616:
3599:
3580:
3559:
3553:
3549:
3547:
3539:
3520:
3501:
3482:
3463:
3442:
3414:
3408:
3404:
3402:
3394:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3345:
3321:
3304:
3298:
3294:
3292:
3284:
3265:
3249:
3239:
3220:
3201:
3179:
3160:
3141:
3113:
3107:
3101:
3095:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2939:
2933:
2927:
2921:
2915:
2909:
2900:
2894:
2885:
2879:
2870:
2864:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2247:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2118:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2022:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1959:
1856:Horace Robertson
1787:at Jacquinot Bay
1299:Eighth Area Army
1234:prisoners of war
1225:Battle of Rabaul
1067:Manchuria (1945)
922:Aleutian Islands
772:Indochina (1945)
742:Indochina (1940)
728:2nd Indian Ocean
711:1st Indian Ocean
706:Christmas Island
611:
601:
594:
587:
578:
577:
493:2nd Lae-Salamaua
425:1st Lae-Salamaua
420:Battle of Rabaul
403:
401:
391:
384:
377:
368:
367:
321:
319:
309:
302:
295:
286:
285:
277:
243:
242:
241:
233:Horace Robertson
231:
230:
220:
219:
209:
208:
198:
197:
187:
186:
176:
175:
157:
156:
145:
144:
136:
132:
130:
129:
117:
116:
106:
105:
55:
54:
47:
23:
22:
7027:
7026:
7022:
7021:
7020:
7018:
7017:
7016:
6952:
6951:
6950:
6945:
6938:
6931:
6917:
6915:
6903:
6894:
6887:
6880:
6873:
6864:
6857:
6850:
6841:
6836:Atomic bombings
6834:
6827:
6820:
6813:
6806:
6797:
6790:
6783:
6776:
6769:
6762:
6755:
6748:
6741:
6734:
6727:
6720:
6713:
6706:
6699:
6692:
6679:
6672:
6661:
6654:
6647:
6638:
6631:
6624:
6617:
6610:
6603:
6594:
6585:
6578:
6569:
6562:
6555:
6548:
6539:
6532:
6527:Eastern Romania
6525:
6520:Warsaw Uprising
6518:
6513:Tannenberg Line
6511:
6504:
6499:Western Ukraine
6497:
6488:
6481:
6472:
6463:
6454:
6447:
6440:
6429:
6420:
6407:
6400:
6391:
6384:
6377:
6370:
6363:
6356:
6349:
6340:
6333:
6326:
6317:
6310:
6303:
6296:
6291:Battle of Kursk
6289:
6282:
6275:
6268:
6261:
6248:
6241:
6232:
6225:
6218:
6209:
6202:
6195:
6188:
6181:
6172:
6163:
6156:
6149:
6142:
6135:
6128:
6121:
6114:
6107:
6100:
6095:St Nazaire Raid
6093:
6086:
6079:
6066:
6059:
6052:
6045:
6038:
6031:
6024:
6017:
6010:
6003:
5996:
5989:
5982:
5975:
5968:
5961:
5954:
5947:
5940:
5933:
5919:
5910:
5903:
5896:
5889:
5882:
5877:Anglo-Iraqi War
5875:
5868:Battle of Crete
5866:
5859:
5852:
5845:
5838:
5825:
5816:
5809:
5802:
5797:Eastern Romania
5795:
5788:
5781:
5774:
5767:
5760:
5753:
5746:
5739:
5732:
5725:
5718:
5711:
5704:
5697:
5690:
5677:
5670:
5663:
5656:
5649:
5642:
5635:
5628:
5615:
5606:
5599:
5592:
5585:
5578:
5571:
5562:
5555:
5548:
5539:
5532:
5506:
5499:
5492:
5483:
5476:
5471:
5462:
5455:
5448:
5439:
5432:
5423:
5416:
5411:
5404:
5391:
5384:
5375:
5368:
5363:
5358:Western Ukraine
5356:
5349:
5342:
5335:
5328:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5302:Northeast China
5300:
5293:
5286:
5279:
5272:
5265:
5256:
5249:
5242:
5235:
5228:
5221:
5214:
5207:
5200:
5193:
5186:
5179:
5172:
5165:
5158:
5151:
5144:
5137:
5130:
5117:
5110:
5103:
5096:
5089:
5082:
5075:
5068:
5061:
5054:
5047:
5040:
5027:
5020:
5013:
5006:
5001:Slovak Republic
4999:
4991:
4984:
4977:
4972:Empire of Japan
4970:
4961:
4953:
4946:
4939:
4932:
4925:
4918:
4910:
4903:
4896:
4888:
4881:
4868:
4861:
4852:
4845:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4808:
4801:
4794:
4782:
4775:
4768:
4761:
4754:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4714:
4707:
4700:
4693:
4686:
4674:
4666:
4659:
4652:
4645:
4638:
4631:
4624:
4612:
4605:
4598:
4591:
4584:
4558:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4528:
4517:
4502:
4495:
4488:
4484:Sexual violence
4483:
4476:
4467:
4460:
4453:
4444:
4437:
4430:
4423:
4416:
4407:
4398:
4391:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4363:
4354:
4347:
4340:
4333:
4320:
4313:
4306:
4299:
4290:
4283:
4276:
4269:
4262:
4253:
4244:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4214:
4207:
4202:Greek Civil War
4200:
4193:
4186:
4179:
4172:
4165:
4158:
4145:
4138:
4129:
4122:
4115:
4106:
4099:
4092:
4085:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4027:South-East Asia
4025:
4018:
4011:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3940:
3933:
3926:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3886:Military awards
3884:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3796:
3789:
3780:
3773:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3711:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3680:
3675:
3640:
3624:
3622:Further reading
3619:
3596:
3551:
3550:
3541:
3540:
3517:
3498:
3479:
3460:
3439:
3406:
3405:
3396:
3395:
3365:
3363:
3296:
3295:
3286:
3285:
3262:
3247:
3236:
3217:
3198:
3176:
3157:
3138:
3121:
3116:
3108:
3104:
3096:
3092:
3084:
3080:
3072:
3068:
3060:
3056:
3048:
3044:
3036:
3032:
3024:
3020:
3012:
3008:
3000:
2996:
2988:
2984:
2976:
2969:
2961:
2957:
2949:
2942:
2934:
2930:
2922:
2918:
2910:
2903:
2895:
2888:
2880:
2873:
2865:
2856:
2848:
2844:
2836:
2832:
2824:
2820:
2812:
2808:
2800:
2793:
2785:
2781:
2773:
2769:
2761:
2757:
2749:
2745:
2737:
2733:
2725:
2721:
2713:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2689:
2685:
2677:
2673:
2665:
2661:
2653:
2649:
2641:
2637:
2629:
2625:
2621:, pp. 398.
2617:
2613:
2605:
2601:
2597:, pp. 389.
2593:
2589:
2581:
2574:
2566:
2562:
2554:
2550:
2542:
2535:
2527:
2523:
2515:
2508:
2500:
2496:
2488:
2484:
2476:
2472:
2464:
2460:
2452:
2448:
2440:
2436:
2428:
2424:
2416:
2412:
2404:
2400:
2392:
2385:
2377:
2373:
2365:
2361:
2353:
2349:
2341:
2337:
2329:
2322:
2314:
2310:
2302:
2298:
2290:
2286:
2278:
2274:
2264:
2262:
2248:
2241:
2233:
2229:
2221:
2217:
2209:
2205:
2197:
2190:
2182:
2178:
2170:
2166:
2158:
2154:
2146:
2142:
2132:
2130:
2121:Moremon, John.
2119:
2110:
2100:
2098:
2087:
2083:
2075:
2071:
2063:
2046:
2036:
2034:
2025:Moremon, John.
2023:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1990:
1981:
1973:
1969:
1960:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1931:
1909:Borneo Campaign
1868:
1763:
1731:
1718:
1680:
1674:
1611:
1597:
1595:Cape Gloucester
1564:
1562:Battle of Arawe
1558:
1483:Cape Gloucester
1471:
1466:
1445:Fifth Air Force
1358:
1303:Hitoshi Imamura
1291:
1289:Opposing forces
1259:from early 1942
1244:Solomon Islands
1239:Montevideo Maru
1213:
1167:
1162:
1133:Cape Gloucester
1098:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1083:
995:Mariana Islands
868:Solomon Islands
837:Burma (1944–45)
827:Burma (1942–43)
822:Burma (1941–42)
815:Burma and India
747:Franco-Thai War
694:Andaman Islands
621:Central Pacific
612:
607:
605:
575:
570:
404:
399:
397:
395:
365:
360:
336:Cape Gloucester
322:
317:
315:
313:
276:~30,000 killed
272:
270:
245:Hitoshi Imamura
239:
237:
225:
224:
214:
213:
203:
202:
192:
191:
181:
180:
170:
151:
139:
127:
125:
111:
110:
100:
77:
48:
33:Pacific Theater
17:
12:
11:
5:
7025:
7015:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6947:
6946:
6944:
6943:
6936:
6929:
6912:
6909:
6908:
6905:
6904:
6902:
6901:
6900:
6899:
6892:
6885:
6871:
6870:
6869:
6855:
6852:South Sakhalin
6848:
6847:
6846:
6832:
6825:
6818:
6811:
6804:
6803:
6802:
6788:
6781:
6774:
6767:
6760:
6753:
6746:
6739:
6732:
6725:
6718:
6711:
6704:
6697:
6689:
6687:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6670:
6669:
6668:
6652:
6645:
6644:
6643:
6629:
6622:
6615:
6608:
6601:
6592:
6583:
6576:
6567:
6560:
6553:
6546:
6537:
6530:
6523:
6516:
6509:
6502:
6495:
6486:
6479:
6470:
6461:
6452:
6445:
6438:
6427:
6417:
6415:
6409:
6408:
6406:
6405:
6398:
6397:
6396:
6389:
6375:
6368:
6361:
6354:
6347:
6346:
6345:
6331:
6324:
6315:
6308:
6301:
6294:
6287:
6280:
6277:Battle of Attu
6273:
6266:
6258:
6256:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6246:
6239:
6230:
6223:
6216:
6207:
6200:
6193:
6186:
6179:
6170:
6169:
6168:
6161:
6147:
6140:
6133:
6126:
6119:
6112:
6105:
6098:
6091:
6084:
6076:
6074:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6064:
6057:
6050:
6043:
6036:
6029:
6022:
6019:Battle of Guam
6015:
6008:
6001:
5994:
5987:
5980:
5973:
5966:
5959:
5952:
5945:
5942:Battle of Kiev
5938:
5931:
5917:
5916:
5915:
5901:
5894:
5887:
5880:
5873:
5872:
5871:
5857:
5850:
5843:
5835:
5833:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5823:
5814:
5807:
5800:
5793:
5786:
5779:
5772:
5765:
5758:
5751:
5744:
5737:
5730:
5723:
5716:
5709:
5702:
5695:
5687:
5685:
5679:
5678:
5676:
5675:
5668:
5661:
5654:
5647:
5640:
5633:
5625:
5623:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5613:
5612:
5611:
5604:
5597:
5590:
5583:
5569:
5568:
5567:
5560:
5546:
5545:
5544:
5529:
5527:
5518:
5512:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5497:
5490:
5489:
5488:
5481:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5453:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5441:United Kingdom
5437:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5409:
5401:
5399:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5382:
5381:
5380:
5373:
5361:
5354:
5347:
5340:
5333:
5326:
5319:
5312:
5305:
5298:
5291:
5284:
5277:
5270:
5263:
5262:
5261:
5254:
5240:
5233:
5226:
5219:
5212:
5205:
5198:
5191:
5184:
5177:
5170:
5163:
5156:
5149:
5142:
5135:
5127:
5125:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5115:
5108:
5101:
5094:
5087:
5080:
5073:
5066:
5059:
5052:
5045:
5037:
5035:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5018:
5011:
5004:
4997:
4989:
4982:
4975:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4908:
4901:
4894:
4886:
4878:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4843:
4842:
4841:
4838:British Empire
4831:United Kingdom
4827:
4820:
4813:
4806:
4799:
4792:
4780:
4773:
4766:
4759:
4752:
4745:
4738:
4731:
4724:
4712:
4705:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4672:
4664:
4657:
4650:
4647:Czechoslovakia
4643:
4636:
4629:
4622:
4610:
4603:
4596:
4589:
4581:
4579:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4547:
4544:Rape of Manila
4540:
4533:
4526:
4515:
4500:
4493:
4481:
4474:
4473:
4472:
4465:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4421:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4405:
4404:
4403:
4396:
4382:
4375:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4352:
4345:
4330:
4328:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4315:United Nations
4311:
4304:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4288:
4281:
4274:
4260:
4251:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4174:Decolonization
4170:
4163:
4155:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4120:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4074:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4051:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4023:
4008:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3989:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3961:
3954:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3938:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3866:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3850:
3847:United Kingdom
3843:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3770:
3768:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3693:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3674:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3651:
3645:
3644:
3638:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3600:
3594:
3581:
3560:
3521:
3515:
3502:
3496:
3483:
3477:
3464:
3458:
3443:
3437:
3415:
3372:
3346:
3322:
3305:
3266:
3260:
3240:
3234:
3221:
3215:
3202:
3196:
3180:
3174:
3161:
3155:
3142:
3136:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3112:, p. 127.
3102:
3090:
3088:, p. 276.
3078:
3076:, p. 226.
3066:
3054:
3042:
3040:, p. 377.
3030:
3028:, p. 343.
3018:
3016:, p. 295.
3006:
2994:
2992:, p. 265.
2982:
2980:, p. 253.
2967:
2955:
2953:, p. 412.
2940:
2928:
2916:
2914:, p. 253.
2901:
2899:, p. 411.
2886:
2871:
2869:, p. 270.
2854:
2852:, p. 250.
2842:
2840:, p. 408.
2830:
2818:
2806:
2804:, p. 410.
2791:
2779:
2777:, p. 387.
2767:
2755:
2743:
2741:, p. 408.
2731:
2729:, p. 183.
2719:
2707:
2695:
2693:, p. 311.
2683:
2671:
2659:
2647:
2645:, p. 152.
2635:
2623:
2611:
2599:
2587:
2585:, p. 294.
2572:
2560:
2548:
2533:
2521:
2519:, p. 289.
2506:
2504:, p. 340.
2494:
2482:
2480:, p. 339.
2470:
2458:
2456:, p. 338.
2446:
2434:
2432:, p. 280.
2422:
2410:
2398:
2396:, p. 277.
2383:
2371:
2359:
2347:
2335:
2333:, p. 270.
2320:
2318:, p. 253.
2308:
2296:
2292:Mortensen 1950
2284:
2272:
2239:
2227:
2215:
2203:
2201:, p. 390.
2188:
2176:
2172:Mortensen 1950
2164:
2152:
2150:, p. 312.
2148:Mortensen 1950
2140:
2108:
2081:
2069:
2067:, p. 225.
2044:
2008:
2006:, p. 188.
1996:
1994:, p. 185.
1979:
1977:, p. 184.
1967:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1930:
1927:
1913:Peter Charlton
1867:
1864:
1860:Kenneth Eather
1762:
1759:
1730:
1727:
1717:
1714:
1676:Main article:
1673:
1670:
1657:Huon Peninsula
1623:embarked from
1607:Main article:
1596:
1593:
1560:Main article:
1557:
1554:
1495:Walter Krueger
1470:
1469:Opposing plans
1467:
1465:
1462:
1422:Huon Peninsula
1357:
1354:
1313:(13,108); the
1290:
1287:
1212:
1209:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1093:
1092:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1064:
1056:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1024:
1022:South Sakhalin
1019:
1014:
1009:
1002:
997:
992:
991:
990:
985:
980:
975:
964:
963:
957:
956:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
913:
912:
906:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
858:
853:
847:
846:
840:
839:
834:
829:
824:
818:
817:
811:
810:
805:
798:
791:
784:
779:
777:Malacca Strait
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
738:
737:
735:Southeast Asia
731:
730:
725:
720:
719:
718:
708:
703:
702:
701:
691:
685:
684:
678:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
645:Doolittle Raid
642:
635:
630:
624:
623:
617:
614:
613:
604:
603:
596:
589:
581:
572:
571:
569:
568:
563:
558:
551:
546:
541:
535:
534:
532:
528:
527:
522:
517:
515:Huon Peninsula
512:
507:
502:
495:
490:
483:
478:
472:
471:
469:
465:
464:
459:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
416:
415:
413:
409:
406:
405:
394:
393:
386:
379:
371:
362:
361:
359:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
327:
324:
323:
312:
311:
304:
297:
289:
281:
280:
274:
266:
265:
261:
260:
257:
253:
252:
248:
247:
235:
167:
166:
162:
161:
149:
138:
137:
96:
95:
91:
90:
87:
86:
85:Allied victory
83:
79:
78:
69:
67:
63:
62:
59:
51:
50:
40:
39:
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7024:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6959:
6957:
6941:
6937:
6934:
6930:
6927:
6926:
6921:
6914:
6913:
6910:
6897:
6893:
6890:
6886:
6883:
6879:
6878:
6876:
6872:
6867:
6863:
6862:
6860:
6859:Kuril Islands
6856:
6853:
6849:
6844:
6840:
6839:
6837:
6833:
6830:
6826:
6823:
6819:
6816:
6812:
6809:
6805:
6800:
6796:
6795:
6793:
6789:
6786:
6782:
6779:
6775:
6772:
6768:
6765:
6761:
6758:
6754:
6751:
6747:
6744:
6740:
6737:
6733:
6730:
6726:
6723:
6719:
6716:
6712:
6709:
6705:
6702:
6698:
6695:
6691:
6690:
6688:
6686:
6682:
6675:
6671:
6666:
6665:
6660:
6659:
6657:
6653:
6650:
6646:
6641:
6637:
6636:
6634:
6630:
6627:
6626:Syrmian Front
6623:
6620:
6616:
6613:
6609:
6606:
6602:
6599:
6598:
6593:
6590:
6589:
6584:
6581:
6577:
6574:
6573:
6572:Market Garden
6568:
6565:
6561:
6558:
6554:
6551:
6547:
6544:
6543:
6538:
6535:
6531:
6528:
6524:
6521:
6517:
6514:
6510:
6507:
6503:
6500:
6496:
6493:
6492:
6487:
6484:
6480:
6477:
6476:
6471:
6468:
6467:
6462:
6459:
6458:
6453:
6450:
6446:
6443:
6439:
6436:
6432:
6431:Monte Cassino
6428:
6425:
6424:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6414:
6410:
6403:
6399:
6394:
6390:
6387:
6383:
6382:
6380:
6376:
6373:
6369:
6366:
6362:
6359:
6355:
6352:
6348:
6343:
6339:
6338:
6336:
6332:
6329:
6325:
6322:
6321:
6316:
6313:
6309:
6306:
6302:
6299:
6295:
6292:
6288:
6285:
6281:
6278:
6274:
6271:
6267:
6264:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6255:
6251:
6244:
6240:
6237:
6236:
6231:
6228:
6224:
6221:
6217:
6214:
6213:
6208:
6205:
6201:
6198:
6194:
6191:
6187:
6184:
6180:
6177:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6162:
6159:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6148:
6145:
6141:
6138:
6134:
6131:
6127:
6124:
6120:
6117:
6113:
6110:
6106:
6103:
6099:
6096:
6092:
6089:
6085:
6082:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6073:
6069:
6062:
6058:
6055:
6051:
6048:
6044:
6041:
6037:
6034:
6030:
6027:
6023:
6020:
6016:
6013:
6009:
6006:
6002:
5999:
5995:
5992:
5988:
5985:
5981:
5978:
5974:
5971:
5967:
5964:
5960:
5957:
5953:
5950:
5946:
5943:
5939:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5927:
5922:
5918:
5913:
5909:
5908:
5906:
5902:
5899:
5895:
5892:
5888:
5885:
5881:
5878:
5874:
5869:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5858:
5855:
5851:
5848:
5844:
5841:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5832:
5828:
5821:
5820:
5815:
5812:
5808:
5805:
5801:
5798:
5794:
5791:
5790:Baltic states
5787:
5784:
5780:
5777:
5773:
5770:
5766:
5763:
5759:
5756:
5752:
5749:
5745:
5742:
5738:
5735:
5731:
5728:
5724:
5721:
5717:
5714:
5710:
5707:
5703:
5700:
5696:
5693:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5684:
5680:
5673:
5669:
5666:
5662:
5659:
5655:
5652:
5648:
5645:
5641:
5638:
5634:
5631:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5622:
5618:
5609:
5605:
5602:
5598:
5595:
5591:
5588:
5584:
5581:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5570:
5565:
5561:
5558:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5547:
5542:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5526:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5502:
5498:
5495:
5491:
5486:
5482:
5479:
5475:
5474:
5470:
5465:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5454:
5451:
5447:
5442:
5438:
5435:
5434:United States
5431:
5426:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5415:
5414:
5410:
5407:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5398:
5394:
5387:
5383:
5378:
5374:
5371:
5370:Quốc dân Đảng
5367:
5366:
5362:
5359:
5355:
5352:
5348:
5345:
5341:
5338:
5334:
5331:
5327:
5324:
5320:
5317:
5313:
5310:
5306:
5303:
5299:
5296:
5292:
5289:
5285:
5282:
5278:
5275:
5271:
5268:
5264:
5259:
5255:
5252:
5248:
5247:
5245:
5241:
5238:
5234:
5231:
5227:
5224:
5220:
5217:
5213:
5210:
5206:
5203:
5199:
5196:
5192:
5189:
5185:
5182:
5178:
5175:
5171:
5168:
5164:
5161:
5157:
5154:
5150:
5147:
5143:
5140:
5136:
5133:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5120:
5113:
5109:
5106:
5102:
5099:
5095:
5092:
5088:
5085:
5081:
5078:
5074:
5071:
5070:Liechtenstein
5067:
5064:
5060:
5057:
5053:
5050:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5034:
5030:
5023:
5022:Collaboration
5019:
5016:
5012:
5009:
5005:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4976:
4973:
4969:
4964:
4960:
4959:
4956:
4952:
4949:
4945:
4942:
4938:
4935:
4931:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4906:
4902:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4884:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4875:
4871:
4864:
4860:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:United States
4844:
4839:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4828:
4825:
4821:
4818:
4814:
4811:
4807:
4804:
4800:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4778:
4774:
4771:
4767:
4764:
4760:
4757:
4753:
4750:
4746:
4743:
4739:
4736:
4732:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4710:
4706:
4703:
4699:
4696:
4692:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4662:
4658:
4655:
4651:
4648:
4644:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4630:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4608:
4604:
4601:
4597:
4594:
4590:
4587:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4552:
4548:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4537:Comfort women
4534:
4531:
4527:
4524:
4521: /
4520:
4516:
4513:
4510: /
4509:
4506: /
4505:
4501:
4498:
4497:Camp brothels
4494:
4491:
4487:
4486:
4482:
4479:
4475:
4470:
4466:
4463:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4452:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4436:
4433:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4422:
4419:
4415:
4410:
4406:
4401:
4397:
4394:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4386:The Holocaust
4383:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4372:forced labour
4369:
4368:
4366:
4362:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4346:
4343:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4298:
4293:
4289:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4226:
4225:Marshall Plan
4222:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4199:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4178:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4161:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4141:
4137:
4132:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4118:
4114:
4109:
4105:
4102:
4098:
4095:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4079:
4078:Eastern Front
4075:
4072:
4071:Western Front
4068:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4056:
4052:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4031:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4005:
4001:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3969:
3966:
3965:Puppet states
3962:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3918:
3915:
3911:
3908:
3907:Naval history
3904:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3883:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3855:
3854:United States
3851:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3823:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3809:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3795:
3792:
3788:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3760:
3756:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3705:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3672:
3667:
3665:
3660:
3658:
3653:
3652:
3649:
3641:
3635:
3631:
3626:
3625:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3601:
3597:
3591:
3587:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3561:
3557:
3545:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3522:
3518:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3499:
3493:
3489:
3484:
3480:
3474:
3470:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3444:
3440:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3400:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3373:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3306:
3302:
3290:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3253:
3246:
3241:
3237:
3231:
3227:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3199:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3167:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3129:
3124:
3123:
3111:
3106:
3099:
3098:Charlton 1983
3094:
3087:
3082:
3075:
3070:
3063:
3058:
3051:
3046:
3039:
3034:
3027:
3022:
3015:
3010:
3003:
2998:
2991:
2986:
2979:
2974:
2972:
2964:
2959:
2952:
2947:
2945:
2937:
2932:
2925:
2920:
2913:
2908:
2906:
2898:
2893:
2891:
2883:
2878:
2876:
2868:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2851:
2846:
2839:
2834:
2827:
2822:
2815:
2810:
2803:
2798:
2796:
2788:
2783:
2776:
2771:
2764:
2759:
2752:
2747:
2740:
2735:
2728:
2723:
2717:, p. 59.
2716:
2711:
2704:
2699:
2692:
2687:
2680:
2675:
2668:
2663:
2656:
2651:
2644:
2639:
2632:
2627:
2620:
2615:
2608:
2603:
2596:
2591:
2584:
2579:
2577:
2569:
2564:
2557:
2552:
2545:
2540:
2538:
2530:
2525:
2518:
2513:
2511:
2503:
2498:
2491:
2486:
2479:
2474:
2467:
2462:
2455:
2450:
2443:
2438:
2431:
2426:
2420:, p. 52.
2419:
2414:
2407:
2402:
2395:
2390:
2388:
2380:
2375:
2368:
2363:
2356:
2351:
2344:
2339:
2332:
2327:
2325:
2317:
2312:
2305:
2300:
2293:
2288:
2281:
2276:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2251:Horner, David
2246:
2244:
2236:
2231:
2224:
2219:
2212:
2207:
2200:
2195:
2193:
2185:
2180:
2173:
2168:
2161:
2156:
2149:
2144:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2096:
2092:
2089:Frei, Henry.
2085:
2078:
2073:
2066:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2032:
2028:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2005:
2000:
1993:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1976:
1971:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1951:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1922:Eustace Keogh
1917:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1889:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1843:and then the
1842:
1838:
1833:
1831:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1772:
1767:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1722:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1679:
1669:
1665:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1629:Task Force 74
1626:
1622:
1617:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1568:
1563:
1553:
1551:
1550:Yasushi Sakai
1547:
1541:
1538:
1533:
1530:The Japanese
1528:
1525:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1499:Vitiaz Strait
1496:
1492:
1491:George Kenney
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1336:based on the
1335:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1317:(5,073); the
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1252:comfort women
1247:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1217:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1027:Kuril Islands
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
970:
969:
966:
965:
962:
959:
958:
955:
954:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
914:
911:
910:North America
908:
907:
904:
903:Borneo (1945)
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
863:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
848:
845:
842:
841:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
819:
816:
813:
812:
809:
806:
804:
803:
799:
797:
796:
792:
790:
789:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
739:
736:
733:
732:
729:
726:
724:
723:Bay of Bengal
721:
717:
714:
713:
712:
709:
707:
704:
700:
697:
696:
695:
692:
690:
687:
686:
683:
680:
679:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
640:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
625:
622:
619:
618:
615:
610:
602:
597:
595:
590:
588:
583:
582:
579:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
556:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
536:
533:
530:
529:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
500:
496:
494:
491:
489:
488:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
473:
470:
467:
466:
463:
460:
458:
457:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
417:
414:
411:
410:
407:
402:
392:
387:
385:
380:
378:
373:
372:
369:
357:
354:
352:
351:Jacquinot Bay
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
328:
325:
320:
310:
305:
303:
298:
296:
291:
290:
287:
275:
271:1,575 wounded
268:
267:
262:
258:
255:
254:
249:
246:
236:
234:
229:
223:
218:
212:
207:
201:
196:
190:
185:
179:
174:
169:
168:
163:
160:
155:
150:
148:
143:
135:
123:
122:
121:
120:
115:
109:
108:United States
104:
98:
97:
92:
84:
81:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:
64:
60:
57:
56:
52:
46:
41:
38:
34:
29:
24:
19:
6933:Bibliography
6916:
6729:Project Hula
6694:Vistula–Oder
6663:
6596:
6587:
6571:
6541:
6490:
6474:
6465:
6456:
6422:
6319:
6234:
6210:
6173:
5924:
5817:
5762:North Africa
5464:Soviet Union
5418:Soviet Union
5344:Soviet Union
5112:Vatican City
5015:Vichy France
4920:German Reich
4817:Soviet Union
4803:South Africa
4796:Sierra Leone
4749:Newfoundland
4568:Participants
4551:Marocchinate
4255:
4246:
4216:
4094:North Africa
4055:Indian Ocean
3914:Nazi plunder
3805:Cryptography
3678:World War II
3629:
3604:
3585:
3568:
3526:
3506:
3487:
3468:
3448:
3423:
3377:
3364:. Retrieved
3351:
3333:
3309:
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3225:
3206:
3187:
3184:Coates, John
3165:
3146:
3127:
3119:Bibliography
3105:
3093:
3081:
3069:
3057:
3045:
3038:Morison 2001
3033:
3021:
3009:
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2985:
2958:
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2838:Bradley 2012
2833:
2826:Mallett 2007
2821:
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2287:
2275:
2263:. Retrieved
2258:
2235:Rottman 2009
2230:
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2179:
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2155:
2143:
2131:. Retrieved
2126:
2099:. Retrieved
2094:
2084:
2072:
2035:. Retrieved
2030:
2004:Rottman 2002
1999:
1992:Rottman 2002
1975:Rottman 2002
1970:
1918:
1900:Aitape–Wewak
1893:
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1732:
1706:
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1666:
1645:
1637:11th Marines
1612:
1585:
1573:
1546:Iwao Matsuda
1542:
1537:way stations
1529:
1521:
1472:
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1415:
1399:Port Moresby
1367:
1327:
1292:
1283:collaborated
1272:
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1106:World War II
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947:Project Hula
932:Fort Stevens
892:
861:
801:
794:
787:
675:Ocean Island
638:
628:Pearl Harbor
554:
519:
498:
486:
481:Bismarck Sea
455:
435:Kokoda Track
316:
99:
94:Belligerents
37:World War II
31:Part of the
18:
6664:Bodenplatte
6550:Gothic Line
5769:West Africa
5316:Philippines
5295:Netherlands
5160:Czech lands
5098:Switzerland
5042:Afghanistan
4986:Philippines
4854:Puerto Rico
4770:Philippines
4756:New Zealand
4742:Netherlands
4695:Free France
4446:Prosecution
4247:Osoaviakhim
4117:West Africa
4101:East Africa
3748:Conferences
3552:|work=
3407:|work=
3326:Long, Gavin
3297:|work=
3110:Tanaka 1980
3086:Coates 2006
3050:Miller 1959
3014:Miller 1959
2751:Powell 1996
2715:Shindo 2016
2703:Miller 1959
2691:Miller 1959
2679:Miller 1959
2583:Miller 1959
2568:Miller 1959
2544:Miller 1959
2529:Miller 1959
2517:Miller 1959
2430:Miller 1959
2418:Shindo 2016
2394:Miller 1959
2379:Miller 1959
2367:Miller 1959
2355:Miller 1959
2343:Miller 1959
2331:Miller 1959
2316:Miller 1959
2304:Miller 1959
2280:Miller 1959
2223:Hiromi 2004
2211:Tanaka 1980
2160:Shindo 2001
1904:John Coates
1743:Alan Ramsay
1735:Philippines
1697:5th Marines
1649:Finschhafen
1633:1st Marines
1621:7th Marines
1524:Alamo Scout
1440:in August.
1436:during the
1378:Guadalcanal
1295:New Ireland
1194:coral reefs
1170:New Britain
1122:New Britain
1072:Mutanchiang
893:New Britain
609:Pacific War
544:Admiralties
520:New Britain
222:Alan Ramsay
147:New Zealand
71:New Britain
6956:Categories
6764:West Hunan
6597:Pointblank
5926:Silver Fox
5912:Summer War
5665:Winter War
5644:Phoney War
5425:Azerbaijan
5386:Yugoslavia
5281:Luxembourg
5123:Resistance
4863:Yugoslavia
4728:Luxembourg
4530:Sook Ching
4326:War crimes
3928:Technology
3921:Opposition
3863:Lend-Lease
3840:Australian
3833:Home front
3791:Blitzkrieg
3741:Casualties
3732:Commanders
3704:Operations
3074:Grant 2016
3002:Grant 2016
2978:Blake 2019
2951:Keogh 1965
2897:Keogh 1965
2882:Grant 2016
2802:Keogh 1965
2787:Keogh 1965
2739:Keogh 1965
2607:Keogh 1965
2502:Keogh 1965
2490:Keogh 1965
2478:Keogh 1965
2454:Keogh 1965
2077:Keogh 1965
2065:Grant 2016
1942:References
1896:Gavin Long
1709:Rapp Brush
1479:Sixth Army
1279:guerrillas
1263:revetments
1185:rainforest
1174:New Guinea
1160:Background
1017:Sagami Bay
1006:Starvation
888:New Guinea
510:Wewak Raid
269:502 killed
211:Rapp Brush
134:New Guinea
6829:Manchuria
6715:Indochina
6491:Bagration
5935:Lithuania
5580:Anschluss
5377:Viet Minh
5274:Lithuania
5216:Hong Kong
4979:Manchukuo
4934:Azad Hind
4593:Australia
4393:Aftermath
4256:Paperclip
4151:Aftermath
3951:Total war
3819:Diplomacy
3782:In Europe
3577:1327-0141
3554:ignored (
3544:cite book
3536:482891390
3421:(2001) .
3409:ignored (
3399:cite book
3361:271462761
3299:ignored (
3289:cite book
3062:Long 1963
2990:Long 1963
2963:Long 1963
2936:Long 1963
2924:Long 1963
2912:Long 1963
2867:Long 1963
2850:Long 1963
2814:Long 1963
2763:Long 1963
2184:Long 1963
1947:Citations
1866:Aftermath
1165:Geography
1061:Kantokuen
968:Air raids
883:Australia
873:Coral Sea
767:Singapore
762:Hong Kong
555:Take Ichi
499:Chronicle
450:Buna–Gona
440:Milne Bay
430:Coral Sea
273:4 missing
119:Australia
6940:Category
6889:document
6799:document
6656:Ardennes
6640:Budapest
6588:Crossbow
6466:Overlord
6305:Smolensk
5516:Timeline
5351:Slovakia
5337:Thailand
5188:Ethiopia
5153:Bulgaria
5077:Portugal
5008:Thailand
4890:Bulgaria
4668:Eswatini
4661:Ethiopia
4614:Bulgaria
4439:Unit 731
4400:Response
4217:Keelhaul
4167:Cold War
4140:Americas
4131:timeline
4124:Atlantic
4004:Theaters
3391:63151382
3366:29 March
3328:(1963).
3281:63151382
3186:(2006).
2265:24 April
2133:23 April
2101:23 April
2037:22 April
1929:See also
1508:PT boats
1430:blockade
1394:Salamaua
1330:division
1079:Chongjin
1040:Downfall
978:Yokosuka
795:Tiderace
752:Thailand
456:Lilliput
251:Strength
66:Location
6866:Shumshu
6633:Hungary
6580:Estonia
6564:Lapland
6542:Dragoon
6475:Neptune
6457:Ichi-Go
6423:Tempest
6365:Changde
6320:Cottage
6212:Jubilee
5921:Finland
5819:Compass
5525:Prelude
5478:Finland
5364:Vietnam
5330:Romania
5202:Germany
5181:Estonia
5167:Denmark
5146:Belgium
5139:Austria
5132:Albania
5063:Ireland
5049:Andorra
5033:Neutral
4993:Romania
4927:Hungary
4912:Finland
4784:Romania
4676:Finland
4654:Denmark
4600:Belgium
4586:Algeria
4292:Romania
4278:Hungary
4034:Pacific
3758:General
3712:Leaders
3697:Battles
3690:Outline
3613:9206229
3342:1297619
3318:7185705
1794:Corsair
1785:landed
1672:Talasea
1655:as the
1625:Oro Bay
1487:Talasea
1267:Gasmata
1137:Talasea
1032:Shumshu
917:Ellwood
782:Vietnam
531:1944–45
462:Merauke
346:Talasea
259:100,000
6843:Debate
6815:Taipei
6808:Borneo
6386:Tarawa
5573:Europe
5534:Africa
5323:Poland
5309:Norway
5288:Malaya
5267:Latvia
5209:Greece
5195:France
5091:Sweden
5056:Bhutan
4777:Poland
4763:Norway
4735:Mexico
4702:Greece
4688:France
4626:Canada
4607:Brazil
4577:Allies
4523:Serbia
4512:Poland
4285:Poland
4271:Baltic
4064:Europe
3766:Topics
3718:Allied
3636:
3611:
3592:
3575:
3571:(34).
3534:
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3494:
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3456:
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3172:
3153:
3134:
1747:Madang
1662:Madang
1305:: the
1201:Rabaul
1118:Rabaul
1110:Allied
1104:was a
802:Zipper
788:Jurist
757:Malaya
716:Ceylon
650:Midway
549:Emirau
256:20,000
131:
82:Result
6619:Leyte
6449:Narva
6435:Anzio
6393:Makin
6351:Burma
6235:Torch
6204:Rzhev
6158:Kiska
5244:Korea
5230:Japan
5223:Italy
5105:Tibet
5084:Spain
4955:Italy
4716:Italy
4709:India
4633:China
4508:Japan
4108:Italy
4020:China
3972:Women
3248:(PDF)
1556:Arawe
1504:Arawe
1129:Arawe
973:Tokyo
961:Japan
878:Timor
331:Arawe
159:Japan
6685:1945
6413:1944
6254:1943
6175:Blue
6165:Attu
6072:1942
5831:1941
5683:1940
5621:1939
5550:Asia
5397:POWs
5237:Jews
4948:Iraq
4874:Axis
4824:Tuva
4640:Cuba
3725:Axis
3634:ISBN
3609:OCLC
3590:ISBN
3573:ISSN
3556:help
3532:OCLC
3511:ISBN
3492:ISBN
3473:ISBN
3454:ISBN
3433:ISBN
3411:help
3387:OCLC
3368:2016
3357:OCLC
3338:OCLC
3314:OCLC
3301:help
3277:OCLC
3256:ISBN
3230:ISBN
3211:ISBN
3192:ISBN
3170:ISBN
3151:ISBN
3132:ISBN
2267:2017
2135:2017
2103:2017
2039:2017
1820:The
1409:and
1392:and
1229:Truk
1131:and
1112:and
1100:The
983:Kure
670:Truk
487:I-Go
468:1943
412:1942
58:Date
1845:4th
1390:Lae
1254:".
476:Wau
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