430:
99:
745:
118:
1041:, many pictures of the illegible papyrus are taken using different filters, finely tuned to capture certain wavelengths of light. Thus, researchers can find the optimum spectral portion for distinguishing ink from paper in order to display otherwise completely illegible papyri. The amount of text potentially to be deciphered by this technique is huge. A selection of the images obtained during the project and more information on the latest discoveries has been provided on the project's website.
956:, began to excavate it. "My first impressions on examining the site were not very favourable," wrote Grenfell. "The rubbish mounds were nothing but rubbish mounds." However, they very soon realized what they had found. The unique combination of climate and circumstance had left at Oxyrhynchus an unequalled archive of the ancient world. "The flow of papyri soon became a torrent," Grenfell recalled. "Merely turning up the soil with one's boot would frequently disclose a layer."
184:
997:
125:
621:
1665:
959:
The classical author who has most benefited from the finds at
Oxyrhynchus is the Athenian playwright Menander (342–291 BC), whose comedies were very popular in Hellenistic times and whose works are frequently found in papyrus fragments. Menander's plays found in fragments at Oxyrhynchus include
1072:
In
February 2023, 16 individual tombs and 6 funerary complex from the Persian, Roman and Coptic periods and 2 deposited frogs were discovered by the Egyptian-Spanish archaeological mission. Majority of the bodies preserved with decorated shrouds were revealed alongside the pottery vessels and lamps.
826:
mentioned it in the compromise plans that it was a city that had great fame and its flat was about 1000 acres and the golden curtains were working and the length of the curtains was 30 cubits and its territory included 120 villages other than the plantations and the hamlets. The northern is
Kandous,
1081:
The
Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities expressed their interest in a project to restore the tombs of the Al-Bahnasa, an ancient city, in which many papyri dating back to the Greco-Roman era were found, as well as a number of tombs for the companions of Muhammad. In 2021, Egypt's head of Islamic,
1025:
Since the days of
Grenfell and Hunt, the focus of attention at Oxyrhynchus has shifted. Modern archaeologists are interested in learning about the social, economic, and political life of the ancient world. This shift in emphasis had made Oxyrhynchus, if anything, even more important, for the very
2007:
702:
from Egypt, with papyrological evidence of a festival commemorating this victory still observed in
Oxyrhynchus eighty years later. Jewish communities in the region did not re-emerge until the third century. A papyrus dated 291 CE documents the presence of an active
98:
1026:
ordinariness of most of its preserved documents makes them most valuable for modern scholars of social history. Many works on
Egyptian and Roman social and economic history and on the history of Christianity rely heavily on documents from Oxyrhynchus.
940:, came under effective British rule, and British archaeologists began the systematic exploration of the country. Because Oxyrhynchus was not considered an Ancient Egyptian site of any importance, it was neglected until 1896, when two young excavators,
827:
the western is the mountain, the tribal is Touma, and the eastern is the sea. Each gate had three towers, and there were forty ribats, palaces, and many mosques, and at its western end there is a famous place known as the Dome of Seven
Maidens.
2011:
1197:
886:
Today, there are many structures in Al-Bahnasa erected in honor of various Muslim conquerors who are regarded as heroes by the locals. For example, the mosque of Hasan al-Salah was built in honor of a man (the great-grandson of
1666:""البهنسا" البقيع الثانى بالمنيا.. هنا يرقد أبطال غزوة بدر.. دفن بأرضها نحو 5000 صحابى.. وبها مقام سيدى على التكرورى.. السياحة ترصد ميزانية لأعمال ترميم وصيانة آثارها وأبرزها قباب الصحابة وسط مدافن البسطاء (صور)"
1591:
794:
buried in it. The large number of fallen Muslim soldiers buried in this city was due to major battles against the Roman army and their fortifications in this area. Various early
Islamic chroniclers, such as
910:
and now venerated for their effort in the conquest of the city. As the town of al-Bahnasa now contained thousands of historical structures in memoir of the conquests, including the 5,000 graves of
1065:
In May 2020, an
Egyptian-Catalan archaeological mission headed by Esther Pons and Maite Mascort revealed a unique cemetery consisting of one room built with glazed limestone dating back to the
1158:
An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary: with an index of English words, king list and geological list with indexes, list of hieroglyphic characters, coptic and semitic alphabets, etc. Vol II=
2033:
866:
The Muslims army settled in the town for three years as their base after the conquest, while launching occasional raids on the black and the coasts. Al-Qa`qa` bin Amr, Hashem,
429:
1794:
768:
to negotiate with the garrison commander of the city named Batlus, however, as the negotiation ended badly, the Rashidun forces then sent their troops to attack Bahnasa.
1058:. Part of this poem was first published in 1922 from an Oxyrhynchus papyrus, no. 1787 (fragment 1). Most of the rest of the poem has now been found on a papyrus kept at
2083:
1332:
2486:
1904:
895:. Other examples include the tomb of Sidi Fath al-Bab, the mosque of Sidi Ali al-Jamam,and a large cemetery in which many people that participated in the
1691:
899:
are buried. There are also many domes in Bahnasa which are attributed to soldiers such as Muhammad bin Uqbah bin Amer Al-Juhani and Ubadah bin Al-Samit.
1692:"Egypt's head of Islamic, Coptic, Jewish antiquities sector follows up on progress of project of restoring archeological village of Al-Bahnasa in Minya"
1452:[An archaeological researcher reveals the secret of the residence of 10 thousand companions and the battle of Khalid ibn al-Walid in Bahnasa].
874:
Al-Fihri, the future conqueror of Maghreb, and went with two thousand of Persians convert who now fight under the caliphate, and raided the border of
1967:
1085:
In March 2020, archeological researchers from the Antiquities Inspection of Al-Bahnasa District located archaeological evidence of the encampment of
807:, reported that the Muslim armies under Khalid ibn al-Walid entered Bahnasa in 639, besieging the town for months before they can subdue the 50,000
2409:
2173:
1829:
830:
Among the most notable tombs were allegedly belong to the Muslim martyrs were the tombs of the children of Aqil bin Ali bin Abi Talib (brother of
1991:
2294:
2476:
2059:
2109:
748:
Map showing the path of the Islamic armies and their conquest of Egypt and Nubia during the reign of the second Caliph Omar Ibn Al-Khattab.
744:
698:
of 115–117 CE, fighting spread to the nome of Oxyrhynchus. This uprising ultimately led to the near-total expulsion and annihilation of
2506:
2037:
1373:
Kerkeslager, Allen; Setzer, Claudia; Trebilco, Paul; Goodblatt, David (2006). "The Diaspora From 66 to c. 235 CE". In T. Katz (ed.).
397:. Since the late 19th century, the area around Oxyrhynchus has been excavated almost continually, yielding an enormous collection of
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in 641, the canal system on which the town depended fell into disrepair, and Oxyrhynchus was abandoned. Today the town of
2455:
The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. XVI, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell, Arthur S. Hunt and Idris Bell
2266:
1415:
1069:(so-called the El-Sawi era). Archaeologists also uncovered bronze coins, clay seals, Roman tombstones and small crosses.
922:' of Egypt", which became the point of interest for many foreign tourists particularly from the Muslim majority country.
735:
1290:
1093:. The excavators said the Muslim armies' encampments were located in the current location of the village of Beni Hilal,
902:
There was also a particular mosque called Dome of Seven Maidens, which allegedly was built to honor seven Oxyrhynchus
2326:
2206:
1561:
273:
718:, three Greek papyri from Oxyrhynchus include references to large sums of gold that were to be sent to the emperor.
117:
1915:
1852:
1162:
953:
2437:
The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. XIII, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt
822:
or "town of martyrs" in honor to one of the Muslim commander that participated in the conquest of Oxyrynchus.
771:
At that point, the town's name was changed to Al-Bahnasa. The town subsequently contained a cemetery of 5,000
2491:
2443:
The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. XIV, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt
2431:
The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. XII, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt
2368:
The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. III, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt
2367:
2148:"In Photos: 22 Persian, Roman and Coptic tombs discovered in Upper Egypt's Minya - Greco-Roman - Antiquities"
1645:[The city of martyrs is outside the account of the governor of Minya]. Shada al-'Arab. Shada al-'Arab
1066:
2449:
The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. XV, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt
2425:
The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. XI, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt
2386:
The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. VI, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt
2374:
The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. IV, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt
2362:
The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. II, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt
2201:(in Arabic). Egyptian General Authority for Cultural Palaces; Department of History at the Faculty of Arts.
1008:
Since the 1930s, work on the papyri has continued. For many years it was under the supervision of Professor
2419:
The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. X, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt
2410:
The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. X, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt
2380:
The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. V, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt
2356:
The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. I, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt
1485:
1379:. The Cambridge History of Judaism. Vol. 4 (Steven ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 67.
2481:
2347:
1132:
986:. The works found at Oxyrhynchus have greatly raised Menander's status among classicists and scholars of
1339:, The Cambridge History of Judaism, vol. 4, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 53–92,
993:
There is an on-line table of contents briefly listing the type of contents of each papyrus or fragment.
675:. Saints Sirenos, Philoxenos and Ioustos were venerated and had shrines dedicated to them in the city.
2340:
Futuh al-Bahnasa al Gharra, 'the conquest of Bahnasa, the blessed', by Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Mu'izz
1331:
Kerkeslager, Allen; Setzer, Claudia; Trebilco, Paul; Goodblatt, David (2006), Katz, Steven T. (ed.),
1046:
911:
791:
772:
325:
1551:
1416:"The city of Bahnasa .. Why is the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities interested in restoring it?"
1030:
779:
1156:
1963:
1245:
24:
1988:
1276:
641:
314:
1223:
896:
727:
406:
371:
104:
81:
891:) who participated in the conquest of Al-Bahnasa. It is the only mosque in Egypt that has two
1790:
941:
294:
196:
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1856:
1106:
1038:
1034:
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1001:
945:
731:
543:
482:
1776:
Quoted in A.M. Luijendijk, "Sacred Scriptures as Trash: Biblical Papyri from Oxyrhynchus"
1210:
Document Location: The Egyptian Museum, Cairo, Egypt. Material: Paper. Image: Unavailable.
1037:
technology has been extremely successful in recovering previously illegible writing. With
8:
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Another Oxyrhynchus papyrus, dated 75–125 AD. It describes one of the oldest diagrams of
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761:
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633:
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308:
217:
20:
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2084:"Unique cemetery dating back to el-Sawi era discovered in Egypt amid coronavirus crisis"
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1940:
1059:
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931:
753:
656:
2398:
The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. VIII, edited with translations and notes by Arthur S. Hunt
1181:
2461:
The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. XVI, edited with translations and notes by Arthur S. Hunt
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The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. VII, edited with translations and notes by Arthur S. Hunt
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1348:
1306:
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Before it was renamed as "al-Bahnasa", Oxyrynchus were renamed as "Al-Qays town", by
668:
402:
390:
201:
2404:
The Oxyrhynchus papyri vol. IX, edited with translations and notes by Arthur S. Hunt
1817:
2314:
1449:
1380:
1340:
1298:
1183:
Dictionnaire des Noms Géographiques Contenus dans les Textes Hiéroglyphiques Vol .2
1121:
1111:
1009:
708:
688:
664:
232:
1384:
1344:
1302:
1082:
Coptic, Jewish antiquities sector followed up on the progress of the restoration.
850:), and Hassan al-Salih ibn Zayn al-Abidin bin al-Hussein (great-grandson of Ali).
2286:
2227:
1995:
1882:
1824:
1717:
1617:
1271:
853:
847:
843:
695:
588:
414:
362:
333:
66:
51:
2147:
1634:
1513:
1374:
1090:
1055:
937:
808:
715:
283:
103:
Al-Bahnasa Martyr district, a cemetery of 5,000 prominent early Muslims during
2318:
2470:
1543:
987:
907:
871:
757:
594:
583:
161:
148:
2306:
2276:
684:
659:, Oxyrhynchus was a prosperous regional capital, the third-largest city in
609:
382:
2412:
Cornell University Library Historical Monographs Collection. Reprinted by
1622:(digitized Austrian National Library ed.). Maṭbaʿat al-Wahabīya. 1873
1337:
The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 4: The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period
683:
Oxyrhynchus remained a prominent, though gradually declining, town in the
2188:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
919:
860:
era historian, also writing the history of Bahnasa conquest in his book,
812:
787:
606:
572:
568:
2413:
2267:
Report on the recent Egyptian-Spanish archaeological mission to the site
1450:"باحث أثري يكشف سر إقامة 10 آلاف صحابي ومعركة خالد بن الوليد في البهنسا"
2256:
1756:""البهنسا".. طقوس فرضتها شمس "البقيع الثاني" ورمال ارتوت بدماء الصحابة"
915:
819:
765:
711:, indicating the renewed presence of Jewish communities in the region.
707:
in Oxyrhynchus and identifies one of its officials as originating from
598:
19:
This article is about the Egyptian city. For the genus of legumes, see
1434:
918:
martyrs of the battle of Bahnasa, the town are regarded by locals as "
2223:
1755:
1642:
1619:"Haḏā Kitāb" Qiṣṣat al-Bahnasā wa-mā fihā min al-ʿaǧā'ib wa-l-ġarā'ib
1587:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
875:
846:, Muhammad ibn Abi Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Bakr al-Siddiq (grandson of
796:
704:
672:
299:
208:
2110:"Egypt makes major archaeological discovery amid coronavirus crisis"
1582:
1580:
1050:
published the text and translation of a newly reconstructed poem by
978:
835:
775:
636:
in 332 BC, the city was reestablished as a Hellenistic town called
320:
1897:
1685:
1683:
1468:
1372:
1330:
620:
1577:
786:
occupies part of the ancient site. The Arabs called the city as "
398:
2262:
PBS NOVA scienceNOW feature on papyrus imaging (streaming video)
2299:
1793:(1898). "Oxyrhynchus and Its Papyri". In Griffith, F.L. (ed.).
1680:
1076:
1051:
996:
949:
892:
857:
778:
who had participated in the conquest of Oxyrhynchus. After the
602:
601:
of the Nile worshipped there as the fish that ate the penis of
576:
410:
213:
2251:
2134:"Group Of Persian, Roman and Coptic Tombs Discovered In Egypt"
2252:
Official website of the Archaeological Mission in Oxyrhynchus
903:
660:
629:
579:
418:
386:
287:
189:
73:
2300:
Joint Egyptian/Spanish archaeological mission in Oxyrhynchus
1709:
1612:
1610:
1531:
1289:
Zeev, Miriam Pucci Ben (2006-06-22), Katz, Steven T. (ed.),
1089:
and 10,000 soldiers under him, including 70 veterans of the
2187:
Abdel Aziz Munir, Amr (2012). Abdel Aziz Munir, Amr (ed.).
1859:. Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia
699:
564:
262:
256:
1486:"Bahnasa; Objek Wisata yang Menyimpan Jejak Sejarah Islam"
1297:(1 ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 95–98,
235:
2272:
Oxford University Classics Department Oxyrhynchus Project
2222:
1607:
888:
831:
253:
244:
906:
girls who defected and helped the Muslim armies under '
756:, the town of Oxyrhinchus was invaded and conquered by
726:
Further information on Muslim conquest of Bahnasa:
1507:
1505:
1503:
274:
265:
259:
241:
238:
1657:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
376:
350:
250:
1500:
838:), Ziyad bin Abi Sufyan bin Abdul Muttalib (son of
247:
1154:
936:In 1882, Egypt, while still nominally part of the
790:of Egypt", as the city was known for having 5,000
655:'town of the sharp-snouted fish'). In the
1401:
2468:
2186:
2174:The Oxyrhynchus Logia and the Apocryphal Gospels
1537:
563:Oxyrhynchus lies west of the main course of the
2307:"Epilogue. The Demise of Christian Oxyrhynchus"
1857:"One of the oldest extant diagrams from Euclid"
1291:"The uprisings in the Jewish Diaspora, 116–117"
433:The medjed or oxyrhynchus worshipped as a deity
2414:Cornell University Library Digital Collections
2346:
2313:(Biblical Studies). Brill. pp. 295–300.
1553:Epilogue. The Demise of Christian Oxyrhynchus
421:(for example, the medieval P. Oxy. VI 1006).
385:located about 160 km south-southwest of
1799:. Egypt Exploration Fund. pp. 1–12, (7)
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1663:
1272:"EGYPT iv. Relations in the Sasanian period"
1175:
1173:
1077:Archaeological structures of Muslim conquest
925:
714:From 619 to 629, during the brief period of
58:
43:
2487:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Egypt
1961:
1881:. Egypt Exploration Society. Archived from
1753:
1640:
586:times, there was a city on the site called
2304:
2195:The Story of Bahnasa.. A Story of a Battle
1851:
1447:
1150:
1148:
764:. At first, the Rashidun sent emissary of
2023:see the third pair of images on this page
1842:A listing of what each fragment contains.
1734:
1170:
803:, and Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Mu"izz in
2282:Article on new discoveries in the papyri
1789:
1282:
1179:
995:
862:Al Duhur fi madaa al 'Ayaam wa al shuhur
743:
619:
428:
2232:(in Arabic). the University of Michigan
2107:
1549:
1218:
1216:
1145:
437:
2469:
1643:"مدينة الشهداء خارج حساب محافظ المنيا"
1586:
1514:"For love of the Prophet's companions"
1483:
319:
2477:Populated places in Minya Governorate
1448:Omar, Samir; Muslim, Mahmoud (2020).
1200:. Oxyrhynchus Online Project Metadata
2277:Oxyrhynchus and the Gospel of Thomas
1288:
1267:
1265:
1213:
1830:"Oxyrhynchus Online Image Database"
1715:
1511:
1333:"The Diaspora from 66 to c. 235 ce"
1198:"Oxyrhynchus Online Image Database"
366:
124:
44:
13:
2167:
1689:
14:
2518:
2295:University of Michigan Collection
2245:
1970:from the original on 28 June 2007
1366:
1262:
773:companions of the Islamic prophet
624:Location of Oxyrhynchus in Egypt.
605:. It was the capital of the 19th
357:), also known by its modern name
2507:Former populated places in Egypt
1796:Archaeological Report: 1896-1897
1295:The Cambridge History of Judaism
736:Military conquests of Umar's era
667:, it became famous for its many
615:
231:
182:
123:
116:
97:
2140:
2126:
2101:
2076:
2052:
2026:
2000:
1982:
1955:
1933:
1871:
1845:
1811:
1783:
1770:
1641:Al Shinnawy, Mohammed (2019).
1484:Harits, Deffa Cahyana (2019).
1376:The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period
1324:
1246:"Results | The Cult of Saints"
1238:
1190:
1054:, together with discussion by
1016:. Eighty large volumes of the
571:, a branch that terminates in
1:
2502:Archaeological sites in Egypt
2108:Mahmoud, Rasha (2020-05-26).
1912:The Egypt Exploration Society
1754:Abu Al-Saud, Mahmoud (2020).
1664:Abdul Ghafur, Hassan (2020).
1385:10.1017/CHOL9780521772488.004
1345:10.1017/chol9780521772488.004
1303:10.1017/chol9780521772488.005
1139:
881:
413:manuscripts, and more recent
16:City in Ptolemaic/Roman Egypt
2305:H. Blumell, Lincoln (2012).
1962:Martin West (24 June 2005).
1550:Blumell, Lincoln H. (2012).
678:
351:
300:
7:
2229:F̣utūh al-Bahnasā al-Gharāʻ
1994:September 29, 2006, at the
1818:Search by table of contents
1593:F̣utūh al-Bahnasā al-Gharāʻ
1556:. Brill. pp. 295–300.
1456:. El-Wattan News. El-Wattan
1155:E. A. Wallis Budge (1920).
1133:The Trackers of Oxyrhynchus
1100:
954:The Queen's College, Oxford
721:
393:. It is also an important
377:
10:
2523:
929:
725:
645:
505:
445:
424:
409:. They also include a few
337:
288:
74:
59:
18:
2319:10.1163/9789004180987_008
2224:Muḥammad ibn ʻUmar Wāqidī
2176:. (2007). Gardners Books.
2049:Image of papyrus fragment
2034:"P.Köln Inv. Nr. 21351_2"
1989:Discussion by Martin West
1879:"Publications: Full List"
1588:Waqidi, Muhammad ibn Umar
1047:Times Literary Supplement
926:Archaeological excavation
912:companions of the prophet
844:Aban ibn Uthman bin Affan
321:[okˈsyr̥r̥yŋkʰos]
207:
195:
177:
142:
111:
96:
35:
2370:at the Internet Archive.
1832:. Imaging Papyri Project
1180:Gauthier, Henri (1925).
1031:Brigham Young University
780:Muslim conquest of Egypt
760:under the leadership of
2463:at the Internet Archive
2457:at the Internet Archive
2451:at the Internet Archive
2445:at the Internet Archive
2439:at the Internet Archive
2433:at the Internet Archive
2427:at the Internet Archive
2421:at the Internet Archive
2406:at the Internet Archive
2400:at the Internet Archive
2394:at the Internet Archive
2388:at the Internet Archive
2382:at the Internet Archive
2376:at the Internet Archive
2364:at the Internet Archive
2358:at the Internet Archive
2190:قصة البهنسا: حكاية غزوة
1941:"Multispectral imaging"
1722:. ktab INC. p. 215
1224:"Where is Oxyrhynchus?"
805:The Conquest of Bahnasa
329:
25:Freshwater elephantfish
1758:. al Madain. al Madain
1716:Ali, Mohammed (2015).
1044:On June 21, 2005, the
1039:multi-spectral imaging
1035:multi-spectral imaging
1005:
897:Arab conquest of Egypt
749:
628:After the conquest of
625:
434:
401:texts dating from the
105:Early Muslim conquests
1538:Abdel Aziz Munir 2012
1250:csla.history.ox.ac.uk
1029:A joint project with
1022:have been published.
999:
942:Bernard Pyne Grenfell
747:
623:
432:
312: "sharp-nosed",
30:Place in Minya, Egypt
2492:Roman sites in Egypt
1943:. Oxyrhynchos online
1778:Vigiliae Christianae
1719:أقاليم مصر الفرعونية
1277:Encyclopædia Iranica
1226:. Oxyrhynchus Online
1107:Hellanicus of Lesbos
946:Arthur Surridge Hunt
815:garrison defenders.
732:Dhiraar ibn al-Azwar
438:Ancient Egyptian era
23:. For the fish, see
2311:Lettered Christians
1964:"A New Sappho Poem"
1127:Villa of the Papyri
1117:Oxyrhynchus Gospels
1097:, west of Bahnasa.
1087:Khalid ibn al-Walid
868:Abu Ayyub al-Ansari
840:Abu Sufyan ibn Harb
762:Khalid ibn al-Walid
740:Zubayr ibn al-Awwam
634:Alexander the Great
395:archaeological site
158: /
21:Oxyrhynchus (plant)
2482:Oxyrhynchus papyri
2348:Oxyrhynchus papyri
2257:Oxyrhynchus Online
2064:dailynewsegypt.com
1885:on 28 January 2008
1823:2009-06-02 at the
1668:. al-Yaum al-Sab'a
1060:Cologne University
1019:Oxyrhynchus Papyri
1006:
932:Oxyrhynchus Papyri
754:Rashidun Caliphate
752:During the era of
750:
663:. After Egypt was
657:Hellenistic period
626:
593:, named after the
435:
2182:978-1-4304-5596-7
1791:Grenfell, Bernard
1394:978-0-521-77248-8
1354:978-0-521-77248-8
1312:978-1-139-05513-0
1002:Euclid's Elements
824:Ali Pasha Mubarak
801:F̣utūh al-Bahnasā
654:
638:Oxyrrhynchoupolis
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560:
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403:Ptolemaic Kingdom
391:Minya Governorate
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162:28.531°N 30.647°E
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2010:. Archived from
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1966:. Times Online.
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1122:Oxyrhynchus hymn
1112:Heracles Papyrus
728:'Amr ibn al-'Aas
649:
647:
646:Ὀξυρρύγχου Πόλις
584:ancient Egyptian
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724:
696:Diaspora Revolt
681:
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597:, a species of
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1091:Battle of Badr
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1056:Martin L. West
938:Ottoman Empire
930:Main article:
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2136:. 2023-02-26.
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1186:. p. 83.
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143:Coordinates:
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82:Ancient Greek
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42:
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26:
22:
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2332:. Retrieved
2310:
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2234:. Retrieved
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2152:Ahram Online
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2117:. Retrieved
2113:
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2092:. Retrieved
2090:. 2020-05-28
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2067:. Retrieved
2063:
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2042:. Retrieved
2038:the original
2028:
2016:. Retrieved
2012:the original
2002:
1984:
1972:. Retrieved
1957:
1945:. Retrieved
1935:
1923:. Retrieved
1916:the original
1911:
1899:
1887:. Retrieved
1883:the original
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1861:. Retrieved
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1801:. Retrieved
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1521:. Retrieved
1518:Ahram online
1517:
1490:. Retrieved
1458:. Retrieved
1453:
1424:. Retrieved
1419:
1375:
1368:
1358:, retrieved
1336:
1326:
1316:, retrieved
1294:
1284:
1275:
1253:. Retrieved
1249:
1240:
1228:. Retrieved
1202:. Retrieved
1192:
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1084:
1080:
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1067:26th Dynasty
1064:
1045:
1043:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1007:
992:
983:
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974:Karchedonios
973:
970:Epitrepontes
969:
966:Dis Exapaton
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599:elephantfish
587:
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383:Middle Egypt
358:
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302:Oxýrrhynkhos
301:
226:
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2236:11 February
2199:(paperback)
2060:"StackPath"
1762:15 November
1726:15 November
1701:15 November
1696:Egypt Today
1672:29 December
1649:15 November
1626:15 November
1599:15 November
1569:15 November
1523:15 November
1492:15 November
1488:. KMA mesir
1460:15 November
1426:15 November
1163:John Murray
694:During the
673:monasteries
642:Koinē Greek
573:Lake Moeris
569:Bahr Yussef
544:hieroglyphs
483:hieroglyphs
407:Roman Egypt
315:Koinē Greek
227:Oxyrhynchus
197:Governorate
165: /
131:Oxyrhynchus
37:Oxyrhynchus
2497:Papyrology
2471:Categories
2334:17 January
2214:27 January
2157:2023-03-03
2119:2020-09-09
2114:Al-Monitor
2094:2020-09-09
2069:2020-09-09
2044:2006-03-23
2018:2006-03-23
1803:October 1,
1360:2024-09-16
1318:2024-09-08
1255:2024-01-05
1140:References
962:Misoumenos
882:Modern era
784:el Bahnasa
766:Al-Mughira
378:el-Bahnasa
359:Al-Bahnasa
289:Ὀξύῤῥυγχος
153:30°38′49″E
150:28°31′52″N
91:Al-Bahnasa
75:Ὀξυρρυγχος
2289:on Sunday
848:Abu Bakar
834:, fourth
809:Byzantine
797:Al-Waqidi
709:Palestine
705:synagogue
691:periods.
689:Byzantine
679:Roman era
372:romanized
295:translit.
209:Time zone
2226:(1934).
2088:Zee News
1992:Archived
1968:Archived
1925:2 August
1889:30 March
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