37:
461:
295:
401:, including Ray, were to remain under Buyid rule, while the Samanids would receive an annual sum of 200,000 dinars as tribute. At the same time, some dissatisfied authorities within the Samanid realm accused Bakr ibn Malik al-Farghani of conspiring with the Buyids. Abd al-Malik had him summoned to Bukhara in December 956, under the pretence that he would award him a robe of honour, but instead had the
425:
treasury, but this seemingly caused discontent. In 959, Abd al-Malik had him dismissed and appointed Abu Mansur Yusuf ibn Ishaq in his stead. The following year, Abd al-Malik replaced Abu al-Hasan Simjur with Abu Mansur
Muhammad as the governor of Khurasan. Abd al-Malik was possibly attempting to reduce the power of the military commanders.
285:
considers the report by
Narshakhi unconvincing, and possibly a misinterpretation. It argues that chronicles make no mention of a 10-year-old Abd al-Malik being aided by a regent to supervise the Samanid realm. Nonetheless, it still states that "until further documentation comes to light, nothing more
338:
From his father Abd al-Malik inherited a tumultuous kingdom; on the news of Nuh's death, many military commanders in different parts of the realm rebelled. Abd al-Malik only succeeded in ascending the throne with the support of the leading military commanders. From the start of his reign, the
424:
Abu al-Hasan Simjur was subsequently given the governorship of
Khurasan, while Abu Ja'far Utbi was made vizier. Abu Ja'far's term as vizier turned out to be short-lived, due to Abd al-Malik's lack of experience, and the influence of the military commanders. He tried to replenish the depleted
501:
The
Samanid kingdom was in a dire state after Abd al-Malik's death. According to Narshakhi; "When they buried him, the army grew restless and rebelled; everyone coveted the kingdom, and troubles raised their head." Regardless, the modern historian
377:
in 945 had diminished the political authority of the caliphs, but maintained them as spiritual heads of the
Islamic world. Chaghani was also given command of an army by Rukn al-Dawla, which he used to capture the capital of Khurasan,
494:, who threw the administration into a state of chaos. Alptigin attempted to appoint Abd al-Malik's son as amir, but another group, led by a Turkic slave-commander named Fa'iq Khassa, managed to put Abd al-Malik's brother
506:
states that "Mansur's reign may be regarded as the last one in which the fabric of the empire held firm, such that its prosperity excited favourable comment from outsiders." Meanwhile, Alptigin fled to
309:
Since the reign of Nuh I, several difficulties had appeared in the
Samanid realm: financial shortcomings, dissatisfaction in the army, and the emergence of powerful neighbouring kingdoms such as the
339:
commanders and courtiers were the ones with actual authority. Abd al-Malik appointed Abu Mansur
Muhammad ibn Uzayr as his vizier, while Bakr ibn Malik al-Farghani retained his office as governor of
452:, Alptigin and Bal'ami worked in close cooperation; he adds that "Bal'ami never did anything without the knowledge of Alptigin and on his recommendation."
275:, Abd al-Malik ascended the throne at the age of 10, which would mean that he was born in 944/5. However, according to another contemporary historian,
1276:
442:, promoted to the role of vizier. The new vizier, however, was not as competent as his father. He was impressionable and incompetent allowing the
820:
1050:
36:
945:
922:
849:
809:
773:
1281:
410:
kill him. He then had his vizier, Muhammad ibn Uzayr, imprisoned and executed. Both were accused of being followers of the
731:
795:
749:
898:
1286:
460:
1222:
1261:
1043:
933:
439:
434:
were rapidly gaining increasing power. Alptigin gained the governorship of
Khurasan for himself, and had
1296:
890:
530:(d. 1358) portrayed him as a fair and virtuous individual. During his reign, Abd al-Malik was known as
313:. Internal strife, lack of capable viziers, and the increasing authority of the Turkic slave-soldiers (
833:
782:
726:
503:
390:
in 955. After
Chaghani's death, Abd al-Malik sent two armies to attack the Buyid cities of Ray and
1036:
914:
The
Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century
354:, who had lost the governorship of Khurasan at the end of Nuh's reign, fled to the domain of the
281:
279:, Abd al-Malik was born in 936, which would have made him 19 at the time of his accession. The
448:
to further cement their grip over the realm. According to the 11th-century Iranian historian
382:. However, he was soon expelled from the province by Bakr ibn Malik al-Farghani, and died of
1291:
397:
However, the two powers soon made peace. Under the terms of the peace treaty, the towns in
8:
1266:
1230:
1206:
1028:
876:
234:. Established in 819, they initially occupied the governorship of Transoxiana under the
982:
786:
435:
860:
1271:
1174:
1109:
962:
918:
894:
845:
805:
759:
516:
276:
235:
790:
257:(Friday sermons) and on their coins. Abd al-Malik was the eldest son of the Samanid
1126:
950:
351:
340:
154:
536:("The Divinely Assisted"), and after his death he seemingly became referred to as
912:
908:
884:
880:
864:
837:
527:
219:
526:(d. 991) deemed him as an exceptional figure amidst the Samanid monarchs, while
1101:
1093:
1085:
1060:
954:
778:
744:
740:
327:
regiment had been formed by the amirs as a counterbalance to the local Iranian
181:
166:
886:
The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs
1255:
1142:
966:
763:
736:
359:
239:
192:) increasing in power. He died after falling from his horse during a game of
1150:
1077:
369:). There he was entrusted with the governorship of Khurasan by the Abbasid
294:
303:
227:
142:
842:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume VIII/6: Eršād al-zerāʿa–Eʿteżād-al-Salṭana
523:
512:
418:
411:
335:(gentry), who were opposed to the centralising policy of the dynasty.
41:
1214:
844:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 636–637.
387:
272:
480:
being effectively in control by the time he died in November 961 at
1190:
1020:
1010:
495:
407:
379:
347:
299:
231:
223:
201:
86:
58:
45:
1158:
594:
584:
582:
580:
578:
576:
574:
481:
449:
415:
391:
383:
374:
316:
197:
187:
122:
117:
110:
572:
570:
568:
566:
564:
562:
560:
558:
556:
554:
373:
through the mediation of the Buyids, who since their capture of
1198:
1134:
508:
370:
330:
310:
252:
1166:
999:
551:
398:
355:
261:
170:
132:
76:
606:
249:). However, they continued to mention the Abbasids in their
1122:
1006:
488:. His palace in Khurasan was raided soon afterwards by the
485:
258:
193:
162:
54:
1058:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
618:
654:
642:
522:
Not much is known about the personality of Abd al-Malik.
464:
Map of the Samanid emirate at the death of Abd al-Malik I
683:
630:
468:
Abd al-Malik was not able to stop the expansion of the
673:
671:
669:
180:). His reign was marked by internal strife, with the
704:
944:
942:
772:
730:
666:
588:
511:on the edge of the Samanid realm, where his slave
210:led by the Turkic slave-commander, Fa'iq Khassa.
169:from 954 to 961. He was the son and successor of
1253:
484:, after falling from his horse during a game of
834:"Esmāʿīl, b. Aḥmad b. Asad Sāmānī, Abū Ebrāhīm"
1044:
943:Zarrinkoub, Ruzbeh; Negahban, Farzin (2008).
770:
612:
600:
328:
26:
771:Bosworth, C.E. & Crowe, Yolande (1995).
537:
531:
489:
475:
469:
443:
429:
402:
322:
314:
250:
205:
204:, who was put on the throne by a faction of
185:
321:) had also weakened the Samanid realm. The
271:). According to the contemporary historian
1051:
1037:
935:The Political History of the Sāmānid State
796:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
750:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
35:
980:
931:
818:
698:
660:
1277:10th-century monarchs in the Middle East
858:
831:
725:
710:
636:
624:
459:
293:
907:
648:
1254:
987:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 1
825:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 2
455:
238:, but became independent in 900 under
1244:indicates usurpers or rival claimants
1032:
286:definite can be said on the matter".
917:(Second ed.). Harlow: Longman.
875:
869:Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition
677:
16:Amir of the Samanids from 954 to 961
938:(PhD thesis). University of Oxford.
161:; 936 or 944/5 – November 961) was
158:
27:
13:
974:
871:. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation.
200:. He was succeeded by his brother
14:
1308:
218:Abd al-Malik was a member of the
364:
266:
244:
175:
821:"ʿAbd-al-Malek b. Nūḥ b. Naṣr"
589:Zarrinkoub & Negahban 2008
1:
959:Encyclopaedia Islamica Online
545:
226:family which ruled mainly in
213:
44:of Abd al-Malik I, minted at
108:November 961 (aged 17 or 25)
68:August 954 – 23 November 961
7:
1282:10th-century Iranian people
879:(1975). "The Sāmānids". In
515:eventually established the
10:
1313:
891:Cambridge University Press
719:
474:' powers resulting in the
1242:
1121:
1071:Regional rulers (819–857)
1070:
1017:
1004:
996:
981:Bosworth, C. E. (1982a).
932:Treadwell, W. L. (1991).
819:Bosworth, C. E. (1982b).
613:Bosworth & Crowe 1995
601:Bosworth & Crowe 1995
138:
128:
116:
104:
96:
92:
82:
72:
64:
53:
34:
23:
859:Bosworth, C. E. (2002).
832:Bosworth, C. E. (1998).
542:("The Divinely Aided").
504:Clifford Edmund Bosworth
289:
1287:Medieval child monarchs
804:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
758:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
1234:(pretender, 1000–1004)
538:
532:
490:
476:
470:
465:
444:
430:
403:
346:At the same time, the
329:
323:
315:
306:
282:Encyclopaedia Islamica
251:
206:
186:
603:, pp. 1025–1027.
463:
440:Abu'l-Fadl al-Bal'ami
297:
893:. pp. 136–161.
1262:10th-century births
1207:Abd al-Aziz ibn Nuh
983:"Abbasid Caliphate"
651:, pp. 214–216.
627:, pp. 636–637.
456:Death and aftermath
466:
307:
1297:Arab slave owners
1249:
1248:
1235:
1227:
1219:
1211:
1203:
1195:
1187:
1179:
1175:Ibrahim ibn Ahmad
1171:
1163:
1155:
1147:
1139:
1114:
1110:Ibrahim ibn Ilyas
1106:
1098:
1090:
1082:
1065:
1027:
1026:
1018:Succeeded by
989:. pp. 89–95.
951:Madelung, Wilferd
946:"ʿAbd al-Malik I"
924:978-0-582-40525-7
851:978-1-56859-055-4
811:978-90-04-09834-3
663:, pp. 89–95.
517:Ghaznavid dynasty
277:Hamza al-Isfahani
236:Abbasid Caliphate
148:
147:
1304:
1233:
1231:Isma'il Muntasir
1225:
1217:
1209:
1201:
1193:
1185:
1177:
1169:
1161:
1153:
1145:
1137:
1112:
1104:
1096:
1088:
1080:
1063:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1030:
1029:
997:Preceded by
994:
993:
990:
970:
961:. Brill Online.
948:
939:
928:
904:
881:Frye, Richard N.
872:
865:Yarshater, Ehsan
855:
838:Yarshater, Ehsan
828:
815:
787:Heinrichs, W. P.
776:
767:
734:
714:
708:
702:
696:
681:
675:
664:
658:
652:
646:
640:
634:
628:
622:
616:
610:
604:
598:
592:
586:
541:
535:
498:on the throne.
493:
479:
473:
447:
433:
428:Regardless, the
406:
368:
366:
352:Abu Ali Chaghani
334:
326:
320:
270:
268:
256:
248:
246:
209:
191:
184:slave-soldiers (
179:
177:
160:
39:
30:
29:
21:
20:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1238:
1223:Abd al-Malik II
1117:
1066:
1057:
1023:
1014:
1002:
977:
975:Further reading
955:Daftary, Farhad
925:
901:
861:"Manṣur b. Nūḥ"
852:
812:
779:Bosworth, C. E.
722:
717:
709:
705:
697:
684:
676:
667:
659:
655:
647:
643:
639:, p. 1082.
635:
631:
623:
619:
615:, p. 1026.
611:
607:
599:
595:
587:
552:
548:
458:
436:Abu Ali Bal'ami
363:
292:
265:
243:
220:Samanid dynasty
216:
174:
109:
49:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1310:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1228:
1220:
1212:
1204:
1196:
1188:
1183:Abd al-Malik I
1180:
1172:
1164:
1156:
1148:
1140:
1131:
1129:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1107:
1102:Ilyas ibn Asad
1099:
1094:Ahmad ibn Asad
1091:
1086:Yahya ibn Asad
1083:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1061:Samanid Empire
1059:Rulers of the
1056:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1033:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1015:954–961
1003:
998:
992:
991:
976:
973:
972:
971:
940:
929:
923:
905:
899:
873:
856:
850:
829:
827:. p. 128.
816:
810:
783:van Donzel, E.
768:
727:Bosworth, C.E.
721:
718:
716:
715:
703:
701:, p. 128.
699:Bosworth 1982b
682:
680:, p. 152.
665:
661:Bosworth 1982b
653:
641:
629:
617:
605:
593:
549:
547:
544:
457:
454:
414:, a branch of
367: 949–983
291:
288:
269: 943–954
247: 829–907
215:
212:
178: 943–954
167:Samanid Empire
151:Abd al-Malik I
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
120:
114:
113:
106:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
51:
50:
40:
32:
31:
24:Abd al-Malik I
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1309:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1241:
1232:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1200:
1197:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1181:
1176:
1173:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1157:
1152:
1149:
1144:
1143:Ismail Samani
1141:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1111:
1108:
1103:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1001:
995:
988:
984:
979:
978:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
947:
941:
937:
936:
930:
926:
920:
916:
915:
910:
909:Kennedy, Hugh
906:
902:
900:0-521-20093-8
896:
892:
889:. Cambridge:
888:
887:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
857:
853:
847:
843:
839:
835:
830:
826:
822:
817:
813:
807:
803:
799:
797:
792:
788:
784:
780:
775:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
751:
746:
742:
738:
733:
728:
724:
723:
712:
711:Bosworth 2002
707:
700:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
679:
674:
672:
670:
662:
657:
650:
645:
638:
637:Bosworth 1965
633:
626:
625:Bosworth 1998
621:
614:
609:
602:
597:
590:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
569:
567:
565:
563:
561:
559:
557:
555:
550:
543:
540:
534:
529:
525:
520:
518:
514:
510:
505:
499:
497:
492:
487:
483:
478:
472:
462:
453:
451:
446:
441:
437:
432:
426:
422:
420:
417:
413:
409:
405:
400:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
372:
361:
360:Adud al-Dawla
357:
353:
349:
344:
342:
336:
333:
332:
325:
319:
318:
312:
305:
301:
296:
287:
284:
283:
278:
274:
263:
260:
255:
254:
241:
240:Ismail Samani
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
211:
208:
203:
199:
195:
190:
189:
183:
172:
168:
164:
156:
152:
144:
141:
137:
134:
131:
127:
124:
121:
119:
115:
112:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
88:
85:
81:
78:
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
22:
19:
1182:
1151:Ahmad Samani
1078:Nuh ibn Asad
1005:
986:
958:
934:
913:
885:
868:
841:
824:
801:
800:Volume VIII:
794:
755:
748:
706:
656:
649:Kennedy 2004
644:
632:
620:
608:
596:
528:Shabankara'i
521:
500:
467:
427:
423:
396:
345:
337:
308:
280:
217:
150:
149:
100:936 or 944/5
18:
1292:Polo deaths
877:Frye, R. N.
791:Lecomte, G.
745:Schacht, J.
741:Pellat, Ch.
539:al-Mu'ayyad
533:al-Muwaffaq
304:Transoxiana
228:Transoxania
143:Sunni Islam
73:Predecessor
1267:961 deaths
1256:Categories
1226:(999–1004)
774:"Sāmānids"
754:Volume II:
732:"G̲h̲ulām"
546:References
524:Al-Maqdisi
513:Sabuktigin
419:Shia Islam
412:Qarmatians
214:Background
42:Gold dinar
1218:(997–999)
1215:Mansur II
1202:(976–997)
1194:(961–976)
1186:(954–961)
1170:(943–954)
1162:(914–943)
1154:(907–914)
1146:(892–907)
1138:(864–892)
1113:(856–867)
1105:(819–856)
1097:(819–864)
1089:(819–855)
1081:(819–841)
1064:(819–999)
967:1875-9831
764:495469475
737:Lewis, B.
678:Frye 1975
438:, son of
273:Narshakhi
83:Successor
1272:Samanids
1191:Mansur I
1127:Khorasan
1021:Mansur I
1011:Samanids
957:(eds.).
911:(2004).
793:(eds.).
747:(eds.).
729:(1965).
496:Mansur I
408:Alptigin
380:Nishapur
348:Muhtajid
341:Khurasan
300:Khurasan
232:Khurasan
202:Mansur I
159:عبدالملک
139:Religion
87:Mansur I
59:Samanids
48:in 955/6
46:Nishapur
28:عبدالملک
1159:Nasr II
1009:of the
883:(ed.).
867:(ed.).
840:(ed.).
802:Ned–Sam
720:Sources
491:ghulams
482:Bukhara
477:ghulams
471:ghulams
450:Gardizi
445:ghulams
431:ghulams
416:Ismaili
392:Isfahan
384:cholera
375:Baghdad
371:caliphs
350:prince
298:Map of
224:Persian
207:ghulams
198:Bukhara
165:of the
155:Persian
123:Samanid
111:Bukhara
57:of the
1199:Nuh II
1135:Nasr I
965:
921:
897:
848:
808:
789:&
762:
743:&
509:Ghazni
404:ghulam
358:ruler
331:dehqan
324:ghulam
317:ghulam
311:Buyids
253:khutba
188:ghulam
182:Turkic
129:Father
1210:(992)
1178:(947)
1167:Nuh I
1123:Amirs
1000:Nuh I
949:. In
863:. In
836:. In
777:. In
735:. In
399:Jibal
356:Buyid
290:Reign
262:Nuh I
171:Nuh I
133:Nuh I
118:House
77:Nuh I
65:Reign
1007:Amir
963:ISSN
919:ISBN
895:ISBN
846:ISBN
806:ISBN
760:OCLC
486:polo
302:and
259:amir
230:and
222:, a
194:polo
163:amir
105:Died
97:Born
55:Amir
1125:of
756:C–G
421:.
388:Ray
386:at
196:at
1258::
985:.
953:;
823:.
785:;
781:;
752:.
739:;
685:^
668:^
553:^
519:.
394:.
365:r.
343:.
267:r.
245:r.
176:r.
157::
1052:e
1045:t
1038:v
969:.
927:.
903:.
854:.
814:.
798:.
766:.
713:.
591:.
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