287:... there was a case of a boy of 13 or 14 years, whose mother, each night after he had gone to bed, would leave the home. Unable to discover where she would go, one night he followed her, and on seeing that she came to the house, and that calling and giving the name she entered it... he decided to call and give the same name as the others and enter. Having entered he had seen everything that happened, and when it came to the extinguishing of the lights, he did as the others; moved by curiosity he had cut a piece of the "basquine" (tight-fitting bodice) of the woman who he had touched, to see if he could come to know one day where he had been that night; the boy went home understanding nothing of what he had seen, but noticing that the basquine of his mother was missing the piece he had cut in the house of Cazalla, he understood that his mother was the woman he had known carnally. The next day he had confessed his guilt, and so the King's doctor came to be discovered, imprisoned and punished by the
212:
103:
379:
text survive, some from the plate when it was dismantled and others from the City
Council archives. Preserved texts attest the sign was replaced in 1776 due to deterioration. One text describes "a stone wall containing a sign manifesting his crime and his grief." A description thought to have been by an eyewitness, relates; "The first paragraph is written in a triangle and the second in a rectangle, so it is assumed that the plate had a semicircular shape at the top. Sangrador who wrote in Gothic script, says the sign was in a small hollow and closed by a wall."
330:, regent in his name) who had presided over the Auto-da-fé, saying: "I gave you good doctrine; I preached well to you but for myself I chose the worst, I thought that this corruption was a golden mitre; and because of my evil works, I deserve what I get. Merciful Lady, remember my nephews, the children of the accountant Hernando Ortiz." After crying out to the executioner, "Oh brother, I believe, I believe," he kissed the cross and died.
278:; He had planted a false and diabolical doctrine among the ignorant, and he summoned them to his house at dusk, a porter opened the door to each caller, who man or woman alike, on giving the name 'Cazuela', was admitted; being assembled he would give his lecture, and extinguishing the lights he would say: "Hallelujah, each with his own". And so each man would grab the woman that chance, or malice, placed next to him."
306:, who was among those who "reconciled" to the Roman Catholic faith. Upon discovering this on his way to the ceremonial cremation, he rebuked her harshly in passing. Herrezuelo's response to Agustín Cazalla was: "Doctor, I desire my soul now, not for a later time; and I never judged myself less than this judge." Hearing him speak in such manner a
378:
With the arrival of the
Liberal Regime in 1820 the house was rebuilt on its original site, and the street was renamed 'Doctor Cazalla street'. His reputation was re-evaluated as an opponent of the Inquisition. Although the tombstone has not been preserved and no drawings exist, several copies of the
297:
An anecdote collected in a moralizing sermon of the 17th or 18th century: Given the alternative that was offered (being burned alive), the sincerity of
Cazalla's retraction, although vehemently expressed, was considered questionable by a good many of the critical bibliographers, especially by Juan
243:
held in
Valladolid on 21 May 1559. Those who recanted, were granted the mercy of strangulation before burning. His siblings Francisco de Buiero, Beatriz and Pedro were also prosecuted and sentenced to the stake. Two more, Costanza de Buiero and Juan Buiero, were condemned to wear the
319:
ambition and malice that so corrupted him, he was intent on disturbing the peace and tranquility of the realm with such novelties, and he believed he would be worshiped by all as another
Lutheran in Saxony and that his disciples would continue the name of
345:
In
Valladolid, the site of his house and the column of infamy was preserved until 1776, when it was replaced (the original presumably had deteriorated) by a tombstone with a rectangle surmounted by a triangle, or semicircle, and the inscription:
256:
conventicles had taken place in her home, the house was razed to the ground. A marble 'column of infamy' erected in its place, bore an inscription prohibiting the rebuilding of the house, or removal of plaque under penalty of
298:
Antonio
Llorente, and those present, such as his confessor, Antonio de la Carrera and the chronicler Antonio de Illescas take it for granted. He urged his companions in torture and execution, to recant. All, except
371:
condemned to demolition and razing of this house of Pedro
Cazalla and Dona Leonor Vibero, his wife, as Lutheran heretics who met to conspire against our Sta. Fe ch. and Church of Rome in the year 1559 on 21
569:, Memorial histórico español : colección de documentos, opúsculos y antigüedades que publica la Real Academia de la Historia (in Spanish), vol. XI, Madrid: La Academia, 1859, p. 202
588:
249:
641:
399:
621:
383:, Cazalla's mother was erroneously named as his wife, due to a confusion of Pedro the father with Agustín the son of Pedro and Leonor.
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of the
Inquisition, the house was sown with salt, and a stone plaque erected as an example and lesson to others for centuries to come.
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626:
211:
651:
631:
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157:
184:
228:
410:
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In one of the various accounts of
Cazalla's last words he addresses Princess Juana of Austria (sister of
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136:' families - the nephew of Bishop Juan de Cazalla and the brother of María de Cazalla (of the group of
132:. The son of a royal accountant, Pedro de Cazalla, and Leonor de Vibero (or Vivero) - both were of '
574:
145:
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Calendar of State Papers Relating To English Affairs in the Archives of Venice, Vol. 7, 1558-1580
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in Italy. Despite the strict rules and secrecy practiced within the circle they were discovered.
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219:, in which fourteen Protestants were burned at the stake for their faith, on 21 May 1559
187:, accompanying him throughout Europe. On his return to Valladolid in 1552, he joined a
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232:
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and perpetual imprisonment (in all, they were ten brothers). The corpse of his mother
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161:
464:
Matías Sangrador, History of the Very Noble and Loyal City of Valladolid, t.I, p.392
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Scabrous details emerged excoriating Cazalla and the activities of the conventicle:
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364:
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75:
485:
Juan Ortega y Rubio transcription from document in the Municipal Archive
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and was also a renowned humanist and Erasmist. His classmate in Alcalá,
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122:
61:
46:
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silenced him by wounding him with his weapon. He was burned alive.
302:, recanted. Although he was known as "The Bachelor", he had a wife
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considered heretical. Among this group of religious elites was the
133:
114:
85:
57:
307:
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was disinterred and thrown into the fire and as the "heretical"
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423:
Bulletin de la Société de l'histoire du protestantisme français
339:
125:
223:
Cazalla was subjected to a carefully managed trial by the
583:(in Spanish), vol. 1, Valladolid: Hijos de Rodriguez
274:"A cleric named José Cazalia lives in a certain city of
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and especially as a precursor for Spanish Protestants.
577:, Juan Antolinez (1887), Ortega y Rubio, Juan (ed.),
594:
Historia de la muy noble y leal ciudad de Valladolid
443:
Anon. cited by Menéndez y Pelayo, op. cit., pg. 1337
160:, where his uncle Juan was the former chaplain to
603:
425:, Agence Centrale de la Société, 1863, pg. 25-27
235:. Upon a confession of heresy, the penalty was
215:Contemporary illustration of the auto-da-fé of
557:, vol. 4, New York: The Macmillan Company
546:, vol. 3, New York: The Macmillan Company
533:, vol. 2, New York: The Macmillan Company
520:, vol. 1, New York: The Macmillan Company
434:Cited by Menéndez y Pelayo, op. cit., pg. 1336
313:One account attributed Cazalla's "heresy" to:
121:tendencies, who was prosecuted for founding a
455:, Historia de Valladolid, book I, chapter 31
106:Auto-da-fé of Doctor Cazalla, in Valladolid.
338:Agustín Cazalla is considered a Protestant
642:People executed by the Spanish Inquisition
113:(1510-1559) was a Spanish clergyman, with
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573:
475:Book of Curiosities Related to Valladolid
597:(in Spanish), Valladolid: D. M. Aparicio
421:Collected by Dionisio Hidalgo, cited in
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101:
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604:
554:A history of the Inquisition of Spain
543:A history of the Inquisition of Spain
530:A history of the Inquisition of Spain
517:A history of the Inquisition of Spain
96:Pedro de Cazalla and Leonor de Vibero
550:
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231:, who communicated his findings to
183:and became chaplain to the Emperor
13:
622:16th-century Christian theologians
14:
678:
199:with whom he had been in contact
662:16th-century Spanish theologians
637:People executed by strangulation
657:University of Valladolid alumni
627:16th-century Protestant martyrs
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168:, was a founding member of the
158:University of Alcalá de Henares
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467:
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144:in 1525), he studied at the
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652:University of Alcalá alumni
632:16th-century Spanish clergy
551:Lea, Henry Charles (1907),
540:Lea, Henry Charles (1907),
527:Lea, Henry Charles (1907),
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152:(who was also tried by the
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647:People executed for heresy
473:Alcántara Lasanta, Pedro;
239:at a religious ceremonial
265:from the Spanish realms.
92:
81:
71:
53:
35:
27:
20:
514:, Henry Charles (1907),
496:Las Calles de Valladolid
453:Juan Antolínez de Burgos
400:Diputación de Valladolid
146:University of Valladolid
363:reigning in Spain, The
580:Historia de Valladolid
250:Doña Leonora de Buiero
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181:cathedral of Salamanca
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214:
105:
566:Miscelanea de Zapata
237:burning at the stake
207:Trial and conviction
355:presiding over the
154:Spanish Inquisition
54:Cause of death
304:Leonor de Cisneros
300:Antonio Herrezuelo
229:Fernando de Valdés
225:Inquisitor General
221:
150:Bartolomé Carranza
111:Agustín de Cazalla
108:
66:burnt at the stake
22:Agustín de Cazalla
591:, Matías (1854),
494:Revilla, Agapito
162:Cardinal Cisneros
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43:(aged 48–49)
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259:excommunication
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233:King Philip II
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201:Juan de Valdés
197:Carlos de Seso
175:Agustín was a
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82:Known for
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156:) and at the
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166:Diego Laínez
110:
109:
41:(1559-05-21)
15:
617:1559 deaths
612:1510 births
369:Inquisition
365:Holy Office
289:Holy Office
189:conventicle
142:Guadalajara
76:Reformation
39:21 May 1559
606:Categories
505:References
308:halberdier
263:banishment
241:auto-da-fé
217:Valladolid
193:corregidor
138:illuminati
130:Valladolid
123:Protestant
62:garrotting
47:Valladolid
667:Conversos
589:Sangrador
575:de Burgos
387:Citations
361:Philip II
328:Philip II
246:Sanbenito
195:of Toro,
185:Charles V
93:Parent(s)
334:Memorial
320:Cazalla.
254:Lutheran
134:converso
119:Erasmist
115:humanist
86:Lutheran
58:Executed
367:of the
353:Paul IV
276:Castile
179:in the
64:, then
340:martyr
88:martyr
177:canon
148:with
372:May.
359:and
261:and
126:sect
117:and
36:Died
31:1510
28:Born
512:Lea
140:in
128:in
72:Era
60:by
608::
227:,
172:.
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