494:. A number of views suspected of heresy were found in the book, and the Grand Inquisitor Valdés brought an action against the author. Besides this work on the catechism, Carranza's manuscripts, expressions he had employed in sermons, and letters found in his possession, including one from Juan Valdés, the heretic, were taken as evidence against him. Melchior Cano, the famous theologian, and Dominicus de Soto, both members of the same order as the archbishop, drew numerous propositions from the commentary which were open to ecclesiastical censure. A Brief of Paul IV, dated 7 January 1559, had granted the Grand Inquisitor of Spain the power, for the space of two years, to investigate the conduct of all Spanish bishops; this measure was intended to counteract the threatening danger of the spread of Protestant doctrine. With the permission, therefore, of King Philip II (26 June 1558) the grand inquisitor had the archbishop arrested at Torrelaguna, 22 August 1558, and brought a prisoner to Valladolid.
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Carranza in regard to his commentary. Nevertheless, the
Spanish process pursued its tedious course. In 1564, when the Inquisition had closed its investigation, the king expressed the wish to Pius IV that the matter be decided in Spain by judges appointed by the pope. The pope agreed to this and named (13 July 1565) four judges who were to pronounce judgment in Spain. These judges were: Cardinal Ugo Buoncompagni, Ippolito Aldobrandini, Fel. Peretti, O. S. F., and J. B. Castagna, Archbishop of Rossano; all four became popes later. However, after their arrival in Spain in November, 1565, they were not permitted to proceed independently of the officials of the Inquisition, and the process, therefore, reached no final settlement. At last, in 1567, owing to the peremptory order of Pius V, the suit was brought before the Curia, the official documents were sent to Rome, and Carranza, who had been in prison eight years, was taken to Rome, where he arrived 28 May 1567.
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him, in order to give support to the queen in her efforts to bring back the country to the
Catholic Faith. Carranza remained until 1557 in England, where he was actively engaged, in connexion with Cardinal Pole, as visitator and preacher. He sought to prevent the sale of Protestant books, preached frequently against what he considered as "the false doctrines", and made an inspection of the University of Oxford, from which, by his efforts, a number of professors were expelled. After Charles V had abdicated the throne and was succeeded, in Spain, by Philip, Carranza returned, in 1557, to the Continent, and went to Flanders, where the new king had his principal residence at that time. In Flanders the zealous Dominican also busied himself with efforts to check the introduction and spread of Protestant writings and to maintain the Catholic Faith.
27:
369:, as imperial theologians, to the council, and by June, 1545, Carranza was in Trent. During the first period of the council (1545–47) he took an active part in the discussions of the theologians in the congregations, expressed opinions concerning the various matters appointed for discussion, the sacraments in general, Baptism, the Eucharist, and the Sacrifice of the Mass, and preached at Divine service, 14 March, before the assembled council. He also showed great zeal in the conferences concerning the reform of church discipline.
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Carranza yielded and was preconized by Pope Paul IV, 16 December 1557, as
Archbishop of Toledo and, therefore, Primate of Spain. Carranza received episcopal consecration at Brussels, in 1558, from Cardinal Granvella, then Bishop of Arras. Equipped with important political instructions the new archbishop left Flanders in June and reached the court at Valladolid in August. Soon after this he went to Yuste to visit Charles V, who was dying; he remained with the emperor until the latter's death.
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near the church of Santa Maria sopra
Minerva, there to perform certain religious exercises as penance. Carranza died, however, in the same year, and was buried in the choir of the church just mentioned. Before this he had, on 23 April, visited the seven great churches and had celebrated Mass on the following day in the
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Carranza's sorrowful fate was brought about, largely, by the intense desire to keep all
Protestant influences out of Spain. At the same time it cannot be denied that expressions which he used and propositions which he occasionally set forth would of themselves give rise to the suggestion of heretical
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Carranza was not found guilty of actual heresy, but he was condemned to abjure sixteen
Lutheran propositions of which he had made himself suspected, was forbidden to enter on the government of his diocese for another five years, and was ordered during this period to live in the monastery of his order
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After his return to Spain, in 1549, he was made prior of the monastery at
Palencia, and in 1550 provincial. In 1551, when Pope Julius III reopened the Council at Trent, Carranza went once more to that city to take part in the deliberations. The council was again interrupted in 1552, and Carranza went
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Previous to receiving the last sacraments he touchingly declared that he had been all his life a true adherent of the
Catholic Faith, that he had never voluntarily understood and held the condemned propositions in a heretical sense, and that he submitted entirely to the judgment pronounced upon him.
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He continued his philosophical and theological studies at
Salamanca; in 1528 he was made master of the liberal arts, and in 1534 lector of theology, at the College of St. Gregory, Valladolid. On account of some doctrinal opinions he was said to hold, an accusation was about this time brought against
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As almoner of Prince Philip, Carranza came in contact with the prince, and often preached before him and his court. When, in 1554, Philip was betrothed to Queen Mary of
England, and was preparing to go to that country for the marriage, he sent Carranza and other members of Spanish orders ahead of
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Carranza also had a share in drawing up the eleven articles proposed by the Spaniards, which treated the duty of episcopal residence and other questions of discipline relating to the office of a bishop. When the council was transferred to Bologna he did not go to that city, but remained in Trent.
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Pope Pius IV made repeated requests to Philip II in the matter, and was urged several times in 1562 and 1563 by the members of the Council of Trent, to bring the case of the Archbishop of Toledo before his court. The Congregation of the Index also gave at the council a favourable testimony for
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The See of Toledo falling vacant by the death of the Cardinal Archbishop Siliceo, 31 May 1557, the king decided upon Carranza as successor to the position. In vain did Carranza exert himself to win the favour of the king for another candidate. Philip II persisted in his choice, so that at last
487:. A report arose in time that Carranza had led Charles into heretical views, so that the emperor had not died in the true Catholic Faith. This rumour was pure invention, but it gave a new ground for the process before the Inquisition which had already begun against him.
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The papal chambers in the Castle of Sant'Angelo were appointed to be his residence during the trial. Once more the case lasted a long time, being nine years before the Curia. It was not until the reign of Gregory XIII that a final decision was reached, 14 April 1576.
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him, but nothing further came of it. Carranza's reputation as a learned theologian increased rapidly, and he was appointed censor by the Inquisition and was commissioned to prepare opinions and sermons. He was also sent by his order on various important missions.
568:, Salamanca, Universidad Pontificia, Centro de Estudios Orientales y Ecuménicos Juan XXIII, 1979) concluded that while Carranza may have been unconscious of his "errors", there is no doubt that he was influenced by the doctrine of the Lutheran
226:, Navarre. The ensuing institutional takeover brought about deep changes to church structures of Navarre, such as a redesign of ecclesiastic boundaries and an attempt to prevent European influences from entering Navarre and Spain altogether.
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In 1548 Charles asked him to accompany Prince Philip to Flanders as confessor, but Carranza declined the position; in 1549 he again refused the appointment of Bishop of the Canary Islands.
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It was only for about a year that Carranza was able to devote himself to his diocese, where he bestowed especial attention upon the care of the poor. In 1558, in Antwerp he published,
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placed a laudatory inscription on his tomb in the church of Santa Maria and gave permission for the placing over his grave of a monument bearing an inscription in his honour.
506:(although, in 1563 it had received the approval of the Commission of the Council of Trent). He had evidently lost favour with Philip, by whose order he was arrested at
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offered him the See of Cuzco in Peru, but Carranza declined the appointment and continued performing his duties as lector of theology at Valladolid. He acted as
195:. He was first denounced in 1530, and imprisoned during 1558–1576. The final judgement found no proof of heresy but secluded him to the Dominican cloister of
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579:. This work, a stout folio, treated the doctrines of Christian faith and morals under four heads: faith, commandments, sacraments, and good works.
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516:. The process dragged on. Carranza appealed to Rome, was taken there in December 1566, and confined for ten years in the castle of
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Thus in 1539 he represented his province at the general chapter of the Dominicans at Rome. After his return, in 1540, the Emperor
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774:"...in 1539 he was invited to Rome, to receive the Order's own, highly prestigious, degree of Master of Theology...,"
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Controversia de necessarii residentii personali episcoporum et aliorum inferiorum ecclesiæ pastorum Tridenti explicata
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He received his early education at Alcalá and in 1520 entered the Dominican convent of Benalaque near Guadalajara.
447:. He became Mary's confessor, and laboured earnestly for the re-establishment of the old religion, especially in
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rivalled him in learning; students from all parts of Spain flocked to hear him. In 1530 he was denounced to the
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back to Spain, where, besides his duties in his order, he also took part in the labours of the Inquisition.
396:), and therefore could not be delegated to a vicar. On this question, Carranza wrote and issued a treatise,
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483:; then raised a curious controversy as to whether Charles, in his last moments, had been influenced by
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In the warm discussions as to the duty of episcopal residence, he insisted on the imperative duty of
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281:, but the process failed; he was made professor of philosophy and regent in theology (1533 to 1539).
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Further, there is his controversial treatise concerning episcopal residence mentioned above, and an
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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on 27 February 1558. He was at the deathbed of Charles V (on 21 September) and gave him
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He had borne the imprisonment of nearly seventeen years with patience and resignation
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619:(Venice, 1546), which has often been re-published and enlarged by later editors. The
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He was universally venerated at Rome. The Spanish people honoured him as a saint;
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in 1559 and imprisoned for nearly eight years, and the book was placed on the
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The same year he was again denounced to the Inquisition on the grounds of his
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727:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 399–400.
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Venice, 1547 – it may be found in Le Plat, "Monum. Trident.", III, 522–584
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In 1539, as representative to the chapter-general of his order he visited
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J. P. Kirsch, "Bartolomé Carranza," Catholic Encyclopedia (1917 ed.)
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16th-century Navarrese priest persecuted in the Spanish Inquisition
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Le Plat, "Monum. Trident.", I, 52–62, gives the text of the sermon
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At a later date the Congregation of the Index also condemned his
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he was teacher of theology beginning in 1527. No Spaniard save
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Carranza belonged to a noble family which had its estates at
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191:. He spent much of his later life imprisoned on charges of
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was opened, Charles V sent Carranza and another Dominican,
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as limiting the papal power and leaning to the opinions of
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662:. An edition of the latter was issued in Antwerp in 1555.
520:. He was defended in the proceedings by Navarrese fellows
314:. While he mixed with the liberal circle associated with
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Summa Conciliorum et Pontificum a Petro usque Paulum III
341:) for the Inquisition. In 1540 he was nominated to the
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475:; he accepted with reluctance, and was consecrated at
163:(1503 – 2 May 1576, sometimes called
524:, archbishop of Valencia (close friend of his) and
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187:. He is notable for having been persecuted by the
880:. Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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237:, his uncle, was professor, entering in 1520 the
915:16th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Spain
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925:16th-century Spanish Roman Catholic theologians
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222:As a young man, he bore witness to the Spanish
631:Quanta sit auctoritas traditionum in ecclesiâ
566:Melanchton y Carranza: préstamos y afinidades
308:Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas
292:; here he was made Master of Theology at the
645:Quanta Romani Pontificis et Sedis apostolicæ
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34:This article includes a list of general
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761:Dict encyclopédique de la théol. cath.
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337:) of books (including versions of the
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553:. He was succeeded in his see by the
492:Commentary on the Christian Catechism
443:on the occasion of the marriage with
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467:In 1557 Philip appointed him to the
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540:Trial in Rome (1567–1576) and death
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551:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
408:, caused much remark. He was made
386:De necessaria residentia personali
241:, and then, from 1521 to 1525, at
40:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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874:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
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459:Archbishop of Toledo (1557–1559)
318:, he had also the confidence of
199:where he died seven days later.
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870:Kirsch, Johann Peter (1908). "
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357:Council of Trent (1545–1552)
224:conquest of his home country
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591:According to J. P. Kirsch:
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753:(English abridgment, 1826)
751:Hist. Inquisition in Spain
404:sermon to the Council, on
920:16th-century male writers
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304:Santa Maria sopra Minerva
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233:from 1515 to 1520, where
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498:Imprisonment (1559–1567)
306:, the progenitor of the
203:Early life and education
138:University of Valladolid
732:P. Salazar de Miranda,
724:Encyclopædia Britannica
613:, Carranza published a
55:more precise citations.
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638:Quanta Sacræ Scripturæ
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388:, which he treated as
930:Archbishops of Toledo
877:Catholic Encyclopedia
741:Bartholomäus Carranza
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439:in 1554 with his son
353:, but declined both.
169:de Carranza y Miranda
813:Accessed 22 May 2014
526:Martin de Azpilcueta
522:Francisco de Navarra
435:Charles sent him to
185:Archbishop of Toledo
152:university professor
715:Carranza, Bartolomé
431:England (1554–1557)
380:to reside in their
261:Teacher (1527–1540)
189:Spanish Inquisition
910:Spanish Dominicans
872:Bartolomé Carranza
652:Quanta Conciliorum
570:Philip Melanchthon
555:inquisitor general
410:provincial general
361:In 1545, when the
302:at the Convent of
213:Kingdom of Navarre
161:Bartolomé Carranza
87:Bartolomé Carranza
759:in I. Goschler's
711:Gordon, Alexander
604:Pope Gregory XIII
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905:1576 deaths
900:1503 births
850:Gordon 1911
508:Torrelaguna
485:Lutheranism
394:ius divinum
351:Cuzco, Peru
275:Inquisition
154:, dominican
119:May 2, 1576
53:introducing
894:Categories
666:References
611:Commentary
577:Commentary
518:St. Angelo
504:Commentary
267:Valladolid
247:Valladolid
181:theologian
165:de Miranda
61:April 2014
36:references
713:(1911). "
597:opinions.
530:Barasoain
382:benefices
327:Charles V
312:Angelicum
243:Salamanca
173:Navarrese
803:cite web
477:Brussels
171:) was a
868::
721:(ed.).
708::
528:, from
437:England
414:Castile
400:. His
374:bishops
349:and of
345:of the
298:of the
279:Erasmus
245:and at
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793:22 May
763:(1858)
757:Hefele
743:(1870)
736:(1788)
717:". In
702:
587:Legacy
473:Toledo
449:Oxford
441:Philip
402:Lenten
378:clergy
331:censor
256:Career
231:Alcalá
193:heresy
38:, but
787:(PDF)
780:(PDF)
622:Summa
513:Index
339:Bible
809:link
795:2014
734:Vida
445:Mary
376:and
343:sees
290:Rome
183:and
127:Rome
116:Died
105:1503
102:Born
471:of
265:At
219:.
167:or
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801:{{
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