1256:. His mother, Karima, and his wet nurse, Salaf, are known to have aided him in his power struggle against his half-brothers, and are described as one of few women to have participated in political affairs. Several factors suggest this: given al-Qa'im's debilitating illness, it is unclear whether he was at all capable of proclaiming a successor; the first act of the new caliph was to confine his uncles and brothers to house arrest in the palace, under the supervision of Jawdhar; Jawdhar, in his memoirs, claims that Isma'il had been secretly nominated as father's heir already at the time of al-Qa'im's own accession in 934, with Jawdhar himself being the only one entrusted his secret; and al-Mansur himself was apparently obliged to compose a tract defending his succession, which points to the contested nature of his accession.
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but it is possible that his role has been embellished to further legitimize his position. The two armies remained entrenched around
Kairouan for the next two months, engaging in frequent clashes. Abu Yazid tried several times to take the city gates by assault, but al-Mansur had established smaller fortified camps to protect them. Abu Yazid tried to force the Fatimids to withdraw by sending his son to raid the environs of al-Mahdiya, where many of the Kutama had settled their families; but although al-Mansur sent some troops to shield them, he refused to move his main army.
1541:. Al-Mansur offered a pardon if they would hand over Abu Yazid, but they refused. At dawn on the next day, the besieged tried to break through to safety, but were once again defeated. Abu Yazid managed to escape, but fell in a ravine and was captured. Heavily wounded, he was interrogated by the caliph, before dying of his injuries after four days, on 19 August. His skin was salted and stuffed, to be paraded in public in every town the victorious caliph passed on his way back.
1553:), and his rebellion conceived as an apocalyptic event that had been foreseen by al-Mahdi, for which purpose he had constructed al-Mahdiyya, "as a refuge for the dynasty from the great enemy, and a citadel from which the whole world would then be conquered". The victory over the uprising was thus cast as a veritable resurrection of the dynasty. On the very day of Abu Yazid's death, al-Mansur declared himself as the imam and caliph, and publicly assumed his regnal title of
1595:, had been imprisoned by al-Qa'im in al-Mahdiya, but managed to escape to the Umayyad court. With their aid, he had sailed back to the Maghreb and taken over Tahert on behalf of Abd al-Rahman III. The Fatimid caliph set out from Msila on 7 September to recover the city, but when he arrived at Tahert on the 20th, he found Hamid gone: he and his followers had sailed back to Spain. In retaliation, the caliph dug out the bones of his relatives and had them and the
1334:
caliph's proclamation was read in the city, and on the same day the
Fatimid army, headed by the caliph himself, set up camp south of the city. The Fatimid prince was forced to lead by example to convince the unruly Kutama to fortify the camp with a ditch and wall, since the Berbers considered this a sign of cowardice and regarded digging as slaves' work. Only after al-Mansur himself took the spade and began digging were they persuaded to help.
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1748:) with which to exert influence on the tribes and rulers of the western Maghreb and promote an anti-Fatimid coalition among them. Learning of the arrival of fresh Byzantine troops in Italy, al-Hasal al-Kalbi sought reinforcements from Ifriqiya. Al-Mansur supervised the preparations at Tunis in person, putting the expeditionary force of 10,500 men under the command of the Slavic eunuch Faraj (or Farakh).
1490:, had once submitted to Caliph al-Qa'im. Ziri came forth and presented himself in person to the Fatimid ruler, and was richly rewarded. After giving the command to turn back east, al-Mansur fell heavily ill to a fever on 10 January 947, and remained bedridden for a fortnight. Following his recovery, he made for Msila. Abu Yazid had now settled in the ruined fortress of Azbih (the Byzantine-era
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surrendered the city to him without battle. Al-Kalbi imprisoned the leaders of the rebels, as did al-Mansur with the rebel delegation in
Ifriqiya. The swift restoration of Fatimid control over Sicily also appears to have brought a renewal of the truce with Byzantium for three years, and likely the payment of the arrears in tribute. Al-Hasan al-Kalbi would become the first of a
1691:. The rebels held Ibn Attaf to be too weak and passive against the Byzantines in southern Italy, allowing the latter to stop paying the agreed-upon tribute in exchange for the truce. This was a major grievance for the leading Sicilian Arab clans, who depended on the tribute in the absence of opportunities to gather plunder through raids.
1377:; he did not appoint a Kutama as governor, but a military officer of Slavic origin, Qudam al-Fata; he remitted all taxes for two years; and offered much of the captured booty as alms to the city poor. At the same time, al-Mansur ordered that the site of his camp south of the city be made into a new palace city, known officially as
1511:
fortress deserted, but as they turned back, the rear guard was suddenly attacked by Abu Yazid and his men. In the ensuing battle, the
Fatimid ruler again prevailed, and Abu Yazid, wounded, barely managed to escape. Along with his letter announcing his victory, al-Mansur sent 1,070 severed heads of rebels to Kairouan.
1771:, this enraged al-Mansur, who berated his commanders for their timidity. Obeying the caliph's orders, the next spring, the two Fatimid commanders again landed in Calabria. On 7 May, the Fatimids dealt a heavy defeat on the Byzantine army under Malakenos and Paschalis near Gerace, and proceeded to sack both it and
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To deal with the uprising, al-Mansur chose a man who had distinguished himself in the suppression of Abu Yazid's revolt, the governor of Tunis, al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Kalbi, who was appointed as the new governor of Sicily. When he arrived at al-Mansuriya in
January 948, he brought with him the Byzantine
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In the meantime, Abu Yazid's son Fadl was killed through treachery by the governor of Mdila. His severed head was dispatched to the caliph, who sent it together with the stuffed skin of his father to Sicily. The ship sank, but Abu Yazid's corpse was washed ashore at al-Mahdiya, where it was crucified
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to pursue the rebel, but Abu Yazid again fled to the Jabal Salat. When the
Fatimid troops pursued him there, he again fled to the desert, and this time al-Mansur was determined to follow him. After a grueling eleven-day march in the desert he was forced to turn back, only for the heavy winter to take
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on 9 December, but was defeated. Following the victory, delegations from the tribes and settlements of the region began arriving at Msila to declare their loyalty to al-Mansur, including Ibn Khazar's son, Ya'qub. Shortly after, Abu Yazid launched an attack on al-Mansur's army camp near Msila, but was
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shipped from
Ifriqiya over sea and carried over the mountains. The defenders tried repeatedly to break the siege with sallies, but were pushed back every time. In early June, the neighbouring fortresses of Shakir and Aqqar, also held by the rebels, surrendered, and on 14 August 947, the final attack
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and Banu Kamlan
Berbers remained steadfastly loyal to him. With increasing confidence, al-Mansur marched his army out to provoke a pitched battle, but Abu Yazid refused the challenge. Finally, on 13 August the Fatimids stormed the rebel camp, and Abu Yazid's troops broke and fled. The victory proved
1337:
This proved fortunate, as Abu Yazid attacked the camp on the morning of 5 June, and was only thrown back with great difficulty. According to an eyewitness account, al-Mansur played a leading role in repelling the attack, his ceremonial parasol conspicuously displayed and serving as a rallying point,
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Abu Yazid found
Kairouan in rebellion against him and the city gates closed, so that he established a camp two days' march from the city. In the meantime, al-Mansur had met with a delegation of Kairouan notables at Sousse, and issued a full amnesty in return for their renewed loyalty. On 28 May, the
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Al-Mansur spent most of his reign in recurring bouts of heavy illness, that at times led him to the brink of death. Nevertheless, he continued to be active in government, and, in marked contrast to his father, to show himself in public events and festivals, until the end of his life. The last such
1731:
In early
September 948, the Fatimid court moved to al-Mansuriya, which now became the official caliphal residence. The state mint, treasury, and clothing factories remained behind at al-Mahidya, under the supervision of Jawdhar. As the mosque of the new capital was unfinished, al-Mansur became the
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on 13 April for the first time as caliph, with extensive pomp. In his sermon in the mosque, al-Mansur publicly interpreted his victory over the 'False Messiah' as a sign of divine favour, remarking that God "wishes to renew and strengthen our dynasty". As a sign of his new confidence, al-Mansur at
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Abu Yazid's defeat was a watershed moment for the Fatimid dynasty. As the historian Michael Brett comments, "in life, Abu Yazid had brought the dynasty to the brink of destruction; in death he was a godsend", as it allowed the dynasty to relaunch itself following the failures of al-Qa'im's reign.
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Even in his victory dispatch to the capital, read out by the chamberlain Jawdhar, al-Mansur upheld the fiction of the still living al-Qa'im, describing himself merely as the "Sword of the Imam". The Fatimid ruler set about achieving a reconciliation with the citizens of Kairouan: he abstained from
1794:
Al-Mansur's life, first as impotent heir-apparent and then as a stoically suffering ruler, was exalted in later Isma'ili teachings as an exemplar and as a sacrifice that redeemed the faithful. At the same time, his tumultuous life and untimely death kindled popular imagination. As the historian
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with a fleet and an army, while unbeknownst to him, the rebels sent a delegation to petition a new governor from al-Mansur. Once al-Kalbi arrived in Sicily, he was informed of the delegation's mission, but marched on Palermo nonetheless. The rebels quickly lost support, and the leading notables
1567:
During the army's return to Msila, they were attacked by some Zenata who had refused to submit along with their leader Ibn Khazar. According to Heinz Halm, this was "the last uprising against Fatimid rule in the central Maghreb". Even Abu Yazid's most determined partisans, the Banu Kamlan, soon
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and locally as Sabra. Aside from thus immortalizing his victory, the prospect of the caliphal residence returning to the vicinity of Kairouan, the old capital of Ifriqiya, was another sign of caliphal favour to the Kairouanese. While at Kairouan, on 18 October al-Mansur received an envoy of the
1739:
The truce with Byzantium did not last long. In 949, the Byzantines and Umayyads exchanged embassies to their respective courts, and apparently agreed on an anti-Fatimid league: in the following summer, the Byzantines attacked Fatimid positions in southern Italy, while in 951 the Umayyad fleet
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and the coinage. This request signalled the final acceptance of Fatimid sovereignty by the Zenata. The adherence of the Zenata also meant that Abu Yazid was cut off from supplies. On 6 March, al-Mansur, accompanied by 4,000 of his own cavalry and 500 Sanhaja, set out for Azbih. They found the
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and laying waste to its environs, in which the Fatimid prince suitably distinguished himself, the army returned to yet another triumphal entry into al-Mansuriya on 28 March. Soon after, the court left the new capital, which was not yet completed, for al-Mahdiya, where al-Mansur celebrated
1519:
Abu Yazid fled once more to the Hodna Mountains, and al-Mansur pursued him there. The Fatimid troops pursued the rebel leader relentlessly over the narrow mountain paths. Abu Yazid's camp was captured and torched, but he managed to find refuge in the fortress of Kiyana (close to where
1603:
of the mosque, from which the Friday prayer had been read in the name of his Umayyad rival, burned. While at Tahert, al-Mansur again fell heavily ill and was close to death, even to the point of having his last will written up. After recovering, he led an expedition against the
1524:
was later built). Al-Mansur did not immediately attack him there, but first awaited further Kutama levies. He then set about methodically subduing the mountains, thus preventing Abu Yazid from finding refuge should he again manage to escape. Only following the end of
1307:
While the revolt of Abu Yazid lasted, al-Mansur and his government kept the death of his father secret. All public business and ceremonies were still conducted in al-Qa'im's name, and Isma'il acted ostensibly only as his designated heir. Indeed, the regnal name of
1775:. As a result, the Byzantines offered to renew the truce against the payment of a tribute. As a sign of his success, al-Hasan al-Kalbi erected a mosque in Reggio, and obliged the Byzantines to not allow any Muslim to use it and to seek refuge and asylum there.
1312:
was only publicly assumed after the final suppression of the uprising. Nevertheless, the new ruler quickly showed his ability. Already before his father's death, on 16 May, he sent by sea weapons and supplies to the besieged city of
1653:, with the rebels withdrawing before them without giving combat and retreating to their bases in the Aurès. The campaign was apparently chiefly designed to bolster the credentials of al-Mansur's designated heir, Ma'add (the future
1537:
on Kiyana was launched. Dressed in gold-embroidered red clothes, al-Mansur participated in the combat in person, atop his horse. After bitter fighting, around noon the fortress was breached, and the last defenders withdrew to a
1784:
occasion was on 19 February 953, when he led the ceremonies for the Eid al-Fitr, reciting in person the prayer at Kairouan. He died on 19 March, leaving his realm to his son Ma'ad, who became caliph as al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah (
1341:
While al-Mansur was slowly building up his numerically inferior forces with contingents from the remote provinces of the Fatimid empire, Abu Yazid's support began to dwindle, and his followers abandoned his camp. Only the
1638:
Leaving the court eunuch Masrur as governor in Tahert, he set out on the return journey east on 2 January 948. Eleven days later he entered his new capital, al-Mansuriya, in triumph, through the 'Gate of Victories'
1705:. His mission is unclear, but likely the Byzantines were anxious to renew the truce, which was being threatened by events in Sicily, where the new dominant faction might relaunch raids against them in the name of
1803:, the youthful victor over the terrible hordes of Abu Yazid still appears to have been popular with the inhabitants of Kairouan, and for the first time to have achieved something like loyalty towards his house".
1434:
Berbers, sent an envoy to declare his allegiance to al-Mansur. This in turn forced Abu Yazid to flee to the south and bypass the Zenata territories through the desert. Al-Mansur followed him until
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1645:). On 14 February, he left al-Mahdiya to confront Abu Yazid's son Fadl, who was still resisting the Fatimids in the Aurès Mountains. The caliphal army marched through
1292:, " had to face up to, immediately, the heaviest responsibilities without having served any apprenticeship as ruler". Al-Mansur would prove up to the task: both
1667:
this time released twenty members of the Aghlabid dynasty, who had been held prisoners since 909. They were given rich presents and allowed to leave for Egypt.
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Berbers, but as the latter retreated into the desert, it failed to achieve anything. The caliph also spent some time sightseeing, visiting the waterfalls at
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This visit appears to have awakened an interest in the Roman antiquities of Ifriqiya in al-Mansur: he is recorded to have visited the Roman remains at
1587:. The city had been conquered by the Fatimids already in 909, but was only tenuously held, under the semi-autonomous rule of the leaders of the Berber
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and publicly displayed. Abu Yazid's other sons, Yazid and Ayyub, tried to continue the resistance in the Aurès, but they too were soon after killed.
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Berber cavalry from the south and troops landed by sea from the north, broke the siege and forced Abu Yazid to withdraw his forces inland, towards
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1355:. An Umayyad fleet had been dispatched to assist him, but when its commander heard news of the Fatimid victory at Kairouan, he turned back.
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1386:. It is unknown what the envoy's business with the Caliph was, but it most likely concerned the renewal of a truce that was in effect in
1438:, but the local guides counseled against following the rebel leader, as the route was dangerous for an army. At Biskra, the governor of
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At the time of his accession, the Fatimid Caliphate was undergoing one of its most critical moments: a large-scale rebellion under the
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of al-Mansur Billah, and when he died on 17 May, al-Mansur became imam and caliph. Modern historians of the Fatimid period, such as
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without success, leaving after a payment of tribute, once the Byzantine relief army approached the town. The same was repeated at
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The Rise of the Fatimids: The World of the Mediterranean and the Middle East in the Fourth Century of the Hijra, Tenth Century CE
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According to the official version of events, on 12 April 946, al-Qa'im publicly proclaimed Isma'il as his heir, with the
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and then west, along the northern shore of Chott el Hodna. Abu Yazid confronted the Fatimid army at the town of
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For this purpose, Abu Yazid was immortalized in Fatimid historiography as nothing less than a 'False Messiah' (
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El-Azhari, Taef. Queens, Eunuchs and Concubines in Islamic History, 661–1257. Edinburgh University Press, 2019
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doubly fortuitous for al-Mansur. Seeking support against the Fatimids, Abu Yazid had made contact with the
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In the medieval Islamic world, the right of a ruler to have his name read in the Friday bidding prayer (
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remarks, "if al-Mansur comes off just as badly as the other Fatimids in the books of the intransigent
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Lev, Yaacov (1984). "The Fāṭimid Navy, Byzantium and the Mediterranean Sea, 909–1036 CE/297–427 AH".
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region. After parading him through the camp, al-Mansur had the youth skinned alive and stuffed.
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Al-Mansur now intended to head back east, but was thwarted when news arrived of the loss of
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Barred from following Abu Yazid, al-Mansur instead turned north, to the territory of the
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The future al-Mansur was born Isma'il, in early January 914, in the palace city of
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2828:. Islamic History and Civilization. Vol. 45. Leiden: Brill. pp. 69–77.
2820:(2003). "A Treatise on the Imamate of the Fatimid Caliph Al-Manṣūr Bi-Allāh". In
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Texts, Documents and Artefacts: Islamic Studies in Honour of D.S. Richards
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of the island, who would rule it as Fatimid viceroys until 1053.
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only Fatimid caliph to pray and hold the Friday prayer at the
1679:
On 25 April 947, a revolt led by the Banu al-Tabari family in
1675:
Revolt in Sicily and relations with Byzantium and the Umayyads
4082:
3924:
3878:
3841:
3701:
3529:
1745:
1707:
1650:
1466:
1419:
1411:
1371:
1297:
1253:
1237:
717:
695:
385:
380:
375:
313:
298:
253:
222:
155:
2351:
2082:
1304:
as well as his bravery and energetic leadership in battle.
1264:
2660:. The Medieval Mediterranean. Vol. 30. Leiden: BRILL.
1538:
1362:
395:
390:
2747:(Second ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1579:, visited by al-Mansur during his sojourn in Tahert in 947
1252:, with the participation of other figures from al-Qa'im's
2411:
2409:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1568:
submitted to Fatimid authority in exchange for a pardon.
1514:
863:
2557:
2212:
2070:
1767:. Although the Byzantines also withdrew their forces to
1627:. In the latter place, he had an inscription erected by
2569:
2504:
2438:
2363:
2322:
2310:
2224:
2200:
2171:
2159:
2130:
2099:
2097:
2046:
2019:
1995:
1917:
1865:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2494:
2492:
2479:
2477:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2036:
2034:
1983:
1950:
1900:
1474:
again beaten back. Al-Mansur sent his troops into the
1367:
over the city, instead choosing the old and respected
2790:
Byzantion: Revue internationale des études byzantines
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
2094:
1826:
1820:
1744:, giving the Umayyad court another base (along with
1640:
1596:
1554:
1546:
1499:
1360:
1351:
and recognized the suzerainty of the Umayyad caliph
1154:
1127:
2581:
2545:
2528:
2489:
2474:
2450:
2421:
2387:
2375:
2334:
2298:
2277:
2265:
2253:
2236:
2183:
2142:
2109:
2058:
2031:
2007:
1398:While al-Mansur remained at Kairouan, in the north
1288:itself. As a result, in the words of the historian
1132:; January 914 – 18 March 953), better known by his
16:
Fatimid ruler from 946 to 953 and 13th Ismaili Imam
2876:
2695:
2607:
2516:
1962:
1938:
1888:
2771:The Empire of the Mahdi: The Rise of the Fatimids
1166:'The Victor through God'), was the third
4218:
2767:Das Reich des Mahdi: Der Aufstieg der Fatimiden
3166:
3048:
1090:
3180:
2744:The Ismāʿı̄lı̄s: Their History and Doctrines
1563:Consolidation of Fatimid rule in the Maghreb
1225:, Karima, who had once belonged to the last
24:
2609:"Sikka 1. Legal and constitutional aspects"
1189:
3173:
3159:
3055:
3041:
2908:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
2878:"Abū Yazīd Mak̲h̲lad b. Kaydād al-Nukkārī"
2715:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
2631:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1097:
1083:
4247:Fatimid people of the Arab–Byzantine wars
3740:Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Baghdadi
2916:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 163–164.
2857:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
2723:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 434–435.
2693:
2639:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 591–592.
2076:
1882:
1422:. From there the Fatimid army marched to
1265:Suppression of the rebellion of Abu Yazid
42:of al-Mansur, minted at his new capital,
2850:
2816:
2602:
2468:
2415:
2165:
1722:
1570:
1390:, which suited both powers at the time.
2773:] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck.
2737:
1393:
4219:
1515:Siege of Kiyana and death of Abu Yazid
1328:
4173:Muhammad ibn Hani al-Andalusi al-Azdi
3154:
3036:
2871:
2674:
2653:
2259:
2247:
2218:
2103:
1944:
1923:
1751:In May 951, the Fatimids landed near
1631:, a general of the Byzantine emperor
1559:, 'The Victor with the Help of God'.
2761:
2587:
2575:
2563:
2551:
2539:
2510:
2498:
2483:
2456:
2444:
2432:
2400:
2381:
2369:
2357:
2345:
2328:
2316:
2304:
2292:
2271:
2230:
2206:
2194:
2177:
2153:
2136:
2124:
2088:
2064:
2052:
2040:
2025:
2013:
2001:
1989:
1977:
1956:
1911:
1894:
1657:), so after sacking the fortress of
1402:had gathered fresh Kutama forces at
3062:
2787:
2522:
1778:
1144:
1117:
982:ʿAbd al-Majīd al-Ḥāfiz li-Dīn Allāh
25:
13:
14:
4268:
4252:10th-century people from Ifriqiya
4202:
1825:) and mentioned on the coinage (
1683:deposed the Fatimid governor of
1284:and was threatening the capital
1066:
958:ʿAlī al-Ẓāhir li-iʿzāz Dīn Allāh
237:
33:
4000:al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi
1834:
1813:
1786:
1465:lake, he led his army north to
1216:
899:Muhammad ibn Ismāʿīl ash-Shākir
3990:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub
3985:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi
1929:
1212:Muhammad al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah
977:Manṣūr al-Āmir bi-Aḥkām’il-Lāh
968:Nizār al-Muṣṭafā li-Dīn’il-Lāh
1:
4142:Minbar of the Ibrahimi Mosque
3394:Hilalian invasion of Ifriqiya
3354:Qarmatian invasions (971–974)
3287:Conquest of Aghlabid Ifriqiya
2854:The Muslims of Medieval Italy
1859:
894:Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar al-Mubārak
4237:10th-century Fatimid caliphs
3955:Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Nasafi
3459:End of the Fatimid Caliphate
1806:
953:Manṣūr al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh
943:Maʿad al-Muʿizz li-Dīn Allāh
928:ʿAbd Allāh al-Mahdī bi'l-Lāh
7:
3945:Ali ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani
3454:Crusader invasions of Egypt
3229:al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah
1827:
1821:
1641:
1597:
1555:
1547:
1500:
1361:
1155:
1128:
963:Maʿad al-Mustanṣir bi'l-Lāh
10:
4273:
4123:Mashhad of Sayyida Ruqayya
3970:Ja'far ibn Mansur al-Yaman
3745:Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Tamimi
3520:Ali ibn Ahmad al-Jarjara'i
3019:17 May 946 – 18 March 953
2981:17 May 946 – 18 March 953
2596:
1718:series of Kalbid governors
1479:further toll on his army.
1359:re-appointing an Isma'ili
972:Aḥmad al-Mustāʿlī bi'l-Lāh
676:Hassan Ala Zikrihi's Salam
4200:
4163:Ali ibn Muhammad al-Iyadi
4155:
4047:
4040:
4013:
3923:
3866:
3829:
3820:
3783:
3721:
3618:
3535:Nasir al-Dawla ibn Hamdan
3483:
3474:
3381:Bedouin alliance uprising
3279:
3189:
3070:
3021:
3008:
3000:
2993:
2983:
2974:
2966:
2961:
2934:
2834:10.1163/9789047401797_007
1448:Ja'far ibn Ali ibn Hamdun
1400:al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Kalbi
1375:Muhammad ibn Abi'l-Manzur
706:Nasir al-Din Nasir Hunzai
197:
189:
179:
167:
139:
134:
130:
118:
110:
98:
94:
84:
74:
70:17 May 946 – 18 March 953
66:
51:
32:
21:
2360:, pp. 288, 289–290.
2091:, pp. 281, 294–295.
1734:Great Mosque of Kairouan
1727:Great Mosque of Kairouan
1259:
1190:Early life and accession
4257:Sons of Fatimid caliphs
4156:Literature and learning
4147:Shrine of Husayn's Head
4066:Great Mosque of Mahdiya
4005:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani
3980:Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani
3334:Conquest of Egypt (969)
2936:al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah
2851:Metcalfe, Alex (2009).
2675:Brett, Michael (2017).
2654:Brett, Michael (2001).
1556:al-Manṣūr bi-Naṣr Allāh
1486:Berbers, whose leader,
948:Nizār al-ʿAzīz biʾllāh,
601:ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani
4135:Al-Salih Tala'i Mosque
3867:Branches and offshoots
3580:Abbas ibn Abi al-Futuh
3525:Abu Muhammad al-Yazuri
3259:al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah
3244:al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah
3214:al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah
3025:al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah
2987:al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah
2694:Dachraoui, F. (1991).
2471:, pp. xv, 53, 70.
1728:
1655:al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah
1635:, translated for him.
1580:
125:al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah
114:18 March 953 (aged 39)
89:al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah
4113:Fatimid Great Palaces
3950:Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i
3765:Anushtakin al-Dizbari
3575:al-Adil ibn al-Sallar
3570:al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi
3399:Mustansirite Hardship
3338:Expansion into Syria
3309:2nd invasion of Egypt
3303:1st invasion of Egypt
3254:al-Zafir bi-Amr Allah
3249:al-Hafiz li-Din Allah
3224:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
3204:al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah
3004:al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah
2970:al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah
1848:, and especially the
1726:
1574:
986:Abu'l-Qāsim al-Tayyib
661:Queen Arwa al-Sulayhi
596:ibn Faraj ibn Ḥawshab
184:al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah
79:al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah
3565:Ridwan ibn Walakhshi
3464:Battle of the Blacks
3264:al-Adid li-Din Allah
2566:, pp. 299, 301.
1591:tribe. One of them,
1430:, the leader of the
1394:Pursuit of Abu Yazid
922:(ar-Raḍī ʿAbd Allāh)
782:Palace of Queen Arwa
616:Abu Tahir al-Jannabi
611:Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi
579:Nizari Ismaili state
4183:al-Azhar University
3545:al-Afdal Shahanshah
3376:Muffarij b. Daghfal
3328:Conquest of Morocco
3315:2nd Sicilian revolt
3297:1st Sicilian revolt
3234:al-Mustansir Billah
2697:"al-Manṣūr Bi'llāh"
2578:, pp. 298–299.
2513:, pp. 297–298.
2447:, pp. 295–296.
2372:, pp. 290–292.
2331:, pp. 287–288.
2319:, pp. 244–245.
2233:, pp. 285–286.
2221:, pp. 163–164.
2209:, pp. 284–285.
2180:, pp. 283–284.
2139:, pp. 282–283.
2055:, pp. 280–281.
2028:, pp. 279–280.
2004:, pp. 278–279.
1992:, pp. 277–278.
1959:, pp. 267–276.
1926:, pp. 59, 229.
1914:, pp. 276–277.
1329:Battle for Kairouan
681:Rashid ad-Din Sinan
606:ibn Mansur al-Yaman
4188:House of Knowledge
3555:Hasan ibn al-Hafiz
3239:al-Musta'li Billah
2891:Lévi-Provençal, E.
2822:Robinson, Chase F.
2677:The Fatimid Empire
1729:
1581:
1549:al-Masīḥ al-Dajjāl
1506:to be used in the
1296:(pro-Fatimid) and
1229:emir of Ifriqiya,
1129:Abū Ṭāhir ʾIsmāʿīl
1043:Mufaddal Saifuddin
914:(al-Taqī Muhammad)
838:House of Knowledge
728:Nizārī strongholds
459:Atba-i-Malak Bohra
159:: al-Mansur Billah
4214:
4213:
4196:
4195:
4168:al-Qadi al-Nu'man
4036:
4035:
4028:Baghdad Manifesto
3975:al-Qadi al-Nu'man
3960:Abu Hatim al-Razi
3816:
3815:
3655:Sharifs of Medina
3590:Ruzzik ibn Tala'i
3585:Tala'i ibn Ruzzik
3500:Ya'qub ibn Killis
3435:and accession of
3182:Fatimid Caliphate
3148:
3147:
3031:
3030:
3022:Succeeded by
2995:Shia Islam titles
2984:Succeeded by
2864:978-0-7486-2008-1
2843:978-90-04-12864-4
2818:Madelung, Wilferd
2780:978-3-406-35497-7
2754:978-0-521-61636-2
2730:978-90-04-08112-3
2686:978-0-7486-4076-8
2667:978-90-04-11741-9
2646:978-90-04-10422-8
1850:Zaghouan Aqueduct
1353:Abd al-Rahman III
1231:Ziyadat Allah III
1172:Fatimid Caliphate
1165:
1156:al-Manṣūr biʾllāh
1153:
1126:
1110:Abu Tahir Isma'il
1107:
1106:
1034:Haatim Zakiyuddin
998:Incumbent leaders
833:Baghdad Manifesto
787:Queen Arwa Mosque
554:Fatimid Caliphate
210:
209:
163:
162:
61:Fatimid Caliphate
4264:
4206:
4045:
4044:
3827:
3826:
3650:Sharifs of Mecca
3619:Vassal dynasties
3560:Bahram al-Armani
3481:
3480:
3427:Siege of Ascalon
3209:al-Mansur Billah
3175:
3168:
3161:
3152:
3151:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3034:
3033:
3001:Preceded by
2967:Preceded by
2957:
2950:
2932:
2931:
2925:
2880:
2868:
2847:
2813:
2784:
2758:
2734:
2699:
2690:
2671:
2650:
2622:Heinrichs, W. P.
2611:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2487:
2481:
2472:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2419:
2413:
2404:
2398:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2107:
2101:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1853:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1824:
1817:
1790:
1788:
1779:Death and legacy
1644:
1602:
1558:
1552:
1522:Beni Hammad Fort
1505:
1384:Byzantine Empire
1366:
1349:Spanish Umayyads
1302:Classical Arabic
1290:Farhat Dachraoui
1220:
1218:
1160:
1158:
1148:
1146:
1137:al-Mansur Billah
1131:
1121:
1119:
1118:أبو طاهر إسماعيل
1099:
1092:
1085:
1073:Islam portal
1071:
1070:
1069:
1052:Taher Fakhruddin
1017:Musta'li Ismaili
666:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa
574:Hamdanid dynasty
564:Sulayhid dynasty
241:
232:
226:
225:
212:
211:
132:
131:
37:
28:
27:
22:al-Mansur Billah
19:
18:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4217:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4192:
4151:
4128:Portable mihrab
4088:Al-Hakim Mosque
4032:
4015:
4009:
3928:and theologians
3927:
3919:
3862:
3812:
3779:
3729:
3717:
3614:
3487:
3476:
3470:
3275:
3199:al-Mahdi Billah
3185:
3179:
3149:
3144:
3066:
3064:Fatimid Caliphs
3061:
3027:
3018:
3006:
2989:
2980:
2972:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2941:Fatimid dynasty
2937:
2929:
2865:
2844:
2781:
2755:
2739:Daftary, Farhad
2731:
2702:Bosworth, C. E.
2687:
2668:
2647:
2614:Bosworth, C. E.
2604:Bosworth, C. E.
2599:
2594:
2586:
2582:
2574:
2570:
2562:
2558:
2550:
2546:
2538:
2529:
2521:
2517:
2509:
2505:
2497:
2490:
2482:
2475:
2467:
2463:
2455:
2451:
2443:
2439:
2431:
2422:
2414:
2407:
2399:
2388:
2380:
2376:
2368:
2364:
2356:
2352:
2344:
2335:
2327:
2323:
2315:
2311:
2303:
2299:
2291:
2278:
2270:
2266:
2258:
2254:
2246:
2237:
2229:
2225:
2217:
2213:
2205:
2201:
2193:
2184:
2176:
2172:
2164:
2160:
2152:
2143:
2135:
2131:
2123:
2110:
2102:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2075:
2071:
2063:
2059:
2051:
2047:
2039:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2012:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1976:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1922:
1918:
1910:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1881:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1839:
1835:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1785:
1781:
1677:
1610:Oued Tiguiguest
1593:Hamid ibn Yasal
1565:
1517:
1492:Zabi Iustiniana
1476:Hodna Mountains
1406:and recaptured
1396:
1331:
1267:
1262:
1223:slave concubine
1221:), and a local
1215:
1192:
1103:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1024:Dā'ī al-Mutlaqs
1005:Nizārī Ismā'īlī
999:
991:
990:
906:(al-Wāfī Ahmad)
889:Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq
859:
848:
847:
770:Qalaat al-Madiq
701:Dā'ī al-Mutlaqs
569:Zurayid dynasty
536:
480:Sulaymani Bohra
415:
401:
400:
366:
356:
355:
249:
228:
227:
216:
215:
153:
146:
103:
47:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4270:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4212:
4211:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4120:
4118:Juyushi Mosque
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4080:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4057:
4055:
4042:
4038:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4019:
4017:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3931:
3929:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3876:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3844:
3839:
3833:
3831:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3736:
3734:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3705:
3695:
3677:
3667:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3633:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3540:Badr al-Jamali
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3491:
3489:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3456:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:Struggle with
3355:
3345:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3318:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3219:al-Aziz Billah
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3195:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3178:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3155:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3060:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3037:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3020:
3007:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2982:
2977:Fatimid Caliph
2973:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2962:Regnal titles
2959:
2958:
2938:
2935:
2927:
2926:
2887:Kramers, J. H.
2883:Gibb, H. A. R.
2869:
2863:
2848:
2842:
2814:
2796:(1): 220–252.
2785:
2779:
2759:
2753:
2735:
2729:
2706:van Donzel, E.
2691:
2685:
2672:
2666:
2651:
2645:
2618:van Donzel, E.
2598:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2590:, p. 300.
2580:
2568:
2556:
2554:, p. 299.
2544:
2542:, p. 298.
2527:
2525:, p. 234.
2515:
2503:
2501:, p. 297.
2488:
2486:, p. 294.
2473:
2461:
2459:, p. 296.
2449:
2437:
2435:, p. 295.
2420:
2405:
2403:, p. 293.
2386:
2384:, p. 289.
2374:
2362:
2350:
2348:, p. 288.
2333:
2321:
2309:
2307:, p. 122.
2297:
2295:, p. 287.
2276:
2274:, p. 273.
2264:
2252:
2235:
2223:
2211:
2199:
2197:, p. 284.
2182:
2170:
2168:, p. 592.
2158:
2156:, p. 283.
2141:
2129:
2127:, p. 282.
2108:
2106:, p. 163.
2093:
2081:
2079:, p. 435.
2077:Dachraoui 1991
2069:
2067:, p. 281.
2057:
2045:
2043:, p. 280.
2030:
2018:
2016:, p. 279.
2006:
1994:
1982:
1980:, p. 278.
1961:
1949:
1937:
1928:
1916:
1899:
1897:, p. 277.
1887:
1885:, p. 434.
1883:Dachraoui 1991
1863:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1833:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1789: 953–975
1780:
1777:
1676:
1673:
1564:
1561:
1516:
1513:
1496:Lesser Kabylia
1488:Ziri ibn Manad
1463:Chott el Hodna
1395:
1392:
1388:southern Italy
1330:
1327:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1219: 934–946
1191:
1188:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1045:
1036:
1014:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
993:
992:
989:
988:
979:
974:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
917:
909:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
860:
854:
853:
850:
849:
846:
845:
840:
835:
826:
825:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
789:
784:
773:
772:
767:
766:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
725:
720:
709:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
671:Hasan-i Sabbah
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
582:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
535:
534:
533:
532:
527:
522:
517:
505:
504:
503:
494:
493:
492:
487:
482:
477:
476:
475:
468:
456:
454:Hebtiahs Bohra
451:
450:
449:
420:
418:Branches/sects
416:
407:
406:
403:
402:
399:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
367:
362:
361:
358:
357:
354:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
317:
316:
311:
306:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
234:
233:
208:
207:
199:
195:
194:
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
171:
165:
164:
161:
160:
137:
136:
128:
127:
122:
116:
115:
112:
108:
107:
100:
96:
95:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
49:
48:
38:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4269:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4242:City founders
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4209:
4205:
4199:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4039:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4012:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3935:Hamdan Qarmat
3933:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3884:Hamza ibn Ali
3882:
3881:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3809:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3776:
3775:Qadi al-Fadil
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3473:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3422:First Crusade
3420:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:Uprisings of
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:Rebellion of
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3292:Establishment
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3183:
3176:
3171:
3169:
3164:
3162:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3058:
3053:
3051:
3046:
3044:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3026:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2948:
2943:
2942:
2933:
2930:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2849:
2845:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2716:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2632:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2589:
2584:
2577:
2572:
2565:
2560:
2553:
2548:
2541:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2524:
2519:
2512:
2507:
2500:
2495:
2493:
2485:
2480:
2478:
2470:
2469:Metcalfe 2009
2465:
2458:
2453:
2446:
2441:
2434:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2418:, p. 53.
2417:
2416:Metcalfe 2009
2412:
2410:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2383:
2378:
2371:
2366:
2359:
2354:
2347:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2330:
2325:
2318:
2313:
2306:
2301:
2294:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2273:
2268:
2262:, p. 24.
2261:
2256:
2250:, p. 60.
2249:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2232:
2227:
2220:
2215:
2208:
2203:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2179:
2174:
2167:
2166:Bosworth 1997
2162:
2155:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2138:
2133:
2126:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2105:
2100:
2098:
2090:
2085:
2078:
2073:
2066:
2061:
2054:
2049:
2042:
2037:
2035:
2027:
2022:
2015:
2010:
2003:
1998:
1991:
1986:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1958:
1953:
1947:, p. 59.
1946:
1941:
1932:
1925:
1920:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1896:
1891:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1864:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1829:
1823:
1816:
1812:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1755:and attacked
1754:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1735:
1725:
1721:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1560:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1542:
1540:
1535:
1534:siege engines
1530:
1528:
1523:
1512:
1509:
1508:Friday prayer
1504:
1503:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1365:
1364:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1339:
1335:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1246:Michael Brett
1243:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1187:
1185:
1182:rebellion of
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1145:المنصور بالله
1142:
1138:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1115:
1111:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1064:
1063:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1039:Dawoodi Bohra
1037:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1002:
995:
994:
987:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
923:
918:
916:
915:
910:
908:
907:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
861:
858:
852:
851:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
830:
827:
823:
820:
818:
817:Jama'at Khana
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
794:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
779:
778:
777:
771:
768:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
715:
714:
713:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
651:Nasir Khusraw
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
591:Hamdan Qarmat
589:
588:
587:
586:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
546:
543:
542:
541:
540:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
512:
511:
510:
506:
502:
501:
500:
495:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
474:
473:
469:
467:
466:
462:
461:
460:
457:
455:
452:
448:
447:
443:
442:
441:
440:Dawoodi Bohra
438:
437:
436:
435:
434:
429:
428:
427:
426:
422:
421:
419:
414:
410:
405:
404:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
368:
365:
364:Seven Pillars
360:
359:
352:
349:
347:
346:Reincarnation
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
251:
245:
244:
240:
236:
235:
231:
224:
220:
214:
213:
206:
203:
200:
196:
192:
188:
185:
182:
178:
175:
172:
170:
166:
158:
157:
151:
150:
144:
143:
138:
133:
129:
126:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
106:
101:
97:
93:
90:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
58:
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
31:
26:المنصور بالله
20:
4178:al-Musabbihi
4098:Bab al-Futuh
4093:Aqmar Mosque
4053:architecture
4014:Anti-Fatimid
3925:Missionaries
3808:Fatimid navy
3791:Fatimid army
3515:Sitt al-Mulk
3477:and military
3342:Alexandretta
3268:
3208:
3191:Imam-Caliphs
3110:al-Mustansir
3084:
3009:
2975:
2956:19 March 953
2953:
2946:
2939:
2928:
2913:
2906:
2873:Stern, S. M.
2853:
2825:
2793:
2789:
2770:
2766:
2743:
2720:
2713:
2676:
2656:
2636:
2629:
2583:
2571:
2559:
2547:
2518:
2506:
2464:
2452:
2440:
2377:
2365:
2353:
2324:
2312:
2300:
2267:
2255:
2226:
2214:
2202:
2173:
2161:
2132:
2084:
2072:
2060:
2048:
2021:
2009:
1997:
1985:
1952:
1940:
1931:
1919:
1890:
1836:
1815:
1793:
1782:
1750:
1738:
1730:
1706:
1696:
1693:
1678:
1669:
1642:bāb al-futūḥ
1637:
1618:late antique
1582:
1566:
1543:
1531:
1518:
1481:
1460:
1397:
1379:al-Mansuriya
1357:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1309:
1306:
1280:had overrun
1268:
1235:
1193:
1136:
1109:
1108:
921:
913:
905:
904:ʿAbad Allāh
797:Constitution
775:
774:
711:
710:
686:Pir Sadardin
646:al-Naysaburi
631:al-Sijistani
584:
583:
538:
537:
507:
497:
496:
470:
463:
444:
431:
430:
423:
417:
154:
147:
140:
44:al-Mansuriya
4108:Bab Zuweila
4103:Bab al-Nasr
4071:Skifa Kahla
4023:Akhu Muhsin
3940:Ibn Hawshab
3847:Esotericism
3770:al-Basasiri
3488:and regents
3115:al-Musta'li
2949:January 914
2903:Pellat, Ch.
2895:Schacht, J.
2763:Halm, Heinz
2710:Pellat, Ch.
2626:Lecomte, G.
1664:Eid al-Fitr
1633:Justinian I
1575:One of the
1404:Constantine
1238:regnal name
1134:regnal name
1048:Qutbi Bohra
1030:Alavi Bohra
1012:Aga Khan IV
490:Qutbi Bohra
485:Alavi Bohra
446:Progressive
145:: Abu Tahir
102:January 914
75:Predecessor
46:, in 949/50
4232:953 deaths
4227:914 births
4221:Categories
3965:Abu Tammam
3874:Qarmatians
3822:Isma'ilism
3760:Manjutakin
3475:Government
3431:Regime of
3403:Revolt of
3387:Revolt of
2719:Volume VI:
2635:Volume IX:
2260:Brett 2017
2248:Brett 2017
2219:Stern 1960
2104:Stern 1960
1945:Brett 2017
1924:Brett 2017
1860:References
1797:Heinz Halm
1773:Petracucca
1612:, and the
1428:Ibn Khazar
1286:al-Mahdiya
1242:Heinz Halm
802:Delegation
758:Maymun-Diz
641:al-Shirazi
636:al-Kirmani
621:Qadi Numan
520:Qarmatians
409:Musta'lism
396:Pilgrimage
336:Numerology
230:Isma'ilism
205:Shia Islam
149:Given name
40:Gold dinar
4078:Mansuriya
3896:Assassins
3830:Doctrines
3727:governors
3723:Officials
3698:Banu Kanz
3684:Hamdanids
3680:Sulayhids
3670:Mirdasids
3664:Palestine
3660:Jarrahids
3640:Hammadids
3505:Ibn Ammar
3389:Abu Rakwa
3361:(974–978)
3330:(958–960)
3324:(943–947)
3322:Abu Yazid
3317:(937–941)
3311:(919–921)
3305:(914–915)
3299:(913–917)
3090:al-Mu'izz
3085:al-Mansur
2922:495469456
2912:Volume I:
2899:Lewis, B.
2802:0378-2506
2588:Halm 1991
2576:Halm 1991
2564:Halm 1991
2552:Halm 1991
2540:Halm 1991
2511:Halm 1991
2499:Halm 1991
2484:Halm 1991
2457:Halm 1991
2445:Halm 1991
2433:Halm 1991
2401:Halm 1991
2382:Halm 1991
2370:Halm 1991
2358:Halm 1991
2346:Halm 1991
2329:Halm 1991
2317:Halm 1991
2305:Halm 1991
2293:Halm 1991
2272:Halm 1991
2231:Halm 1991
2207:Halm 1991
2195:Halm 1991
2178:Halm 1991
2154:Halm 1991
2137:Halm 1991
2125:Halm 1991
2089:Halm 1991
2065:Halm 1991
2053:Halm 1991
2041:Halm 1991
2026:Halm 1991
2014:Halm 1991
2002:Halm 1991
1990:Halm 1991
1978:Halm 1991
1957:Halm 1991
1912:Halm 1991
1895:Halm 1991
1807:Footnotes
1740:captured
1698:strategos
1689:Ibn Attaf
1625:Oued Mina
1416:Cyrenaica
1310:al-Mansur
1278:Abu Yazid
1276:preacher
1271:Kharijite
1184:Abu Yazid
1180:Kharijite
1150:romanized
1123:romanized
938:al-Manṣūr
879:al-Sajjad
812:Holy Du'a
691:Aga Khans
626:al-Nasafi
547:state of
545:Qarmatian
525:Assassins
259:Batiniyya
152:: Isma'il
85:Successor
4016:movement
3995:Abdallah
3903:Musta'li
3784:Military
3732:generals
3688:Zurayids
3644:Ifriqiya
3550:Kutayfat
3510:Barjawan
3437:al-Hafiz
3433:Kutayfat
3410:Musta'li
3359:Alptakin
3135:al-Fa'iz
3130:al-Zafir
3125:al-Hafiz
3105:al-Zahir
3100:al-Hakim
3080:al-Qa'im
3075:al-Mahdi
3012:Isma'ili
2905:(eds.).
2875:(1960).
2810:44170866
2765:(1991).
2741:(2007).
2721:Mahk–Mid
2712:(eds.).
2628:(eds.).
2606:(1997).
2523:Lev 1984
1846:Carthage
1703:Calabria
1446:region,
1442:and the
1369:Malikite
1323:Kairouan
1294:Isma'ili
1282:Ifriqiya
1227:Aghlabid
1200:Kairouan
1176:Ifriqiya
933:al-Qāʾim
884:al-Baqir
738:Atashgah
530:Satpanth
515:Seveners
425:Musta'li
413:Nizarism
341:Theology
248:Concepts
219:a series
217:Part of
202:Isma'ili
198:Religion
4061:Mahdiya
4041:Culture
3908:Tayyibi
3837:Imamate
3801:Ghilman
3626:Kalbids
3610:Saladin
3605:Shirkuh
3600:Dirgham
3495:Jawdhar
3485:Viziers
3446:Tayyibi
3280:History
3270:Dynasty
3140:al-Adid
3120:al-Amir
3095:al-Aziz
2824:(ed.).
2637:San–Sze
2597:Sources
1842:Sitifis
1801:Malikis
1765:Messina
1761:Cassano
1753:Rhegion
1742:Tangier
1681:Palermo
1647:Sbeitla
1629:Solomon
1589:Miknasa
1527:Ramadan
1484:Sanhaja
1454:in the
1452:prophet
1344:Hawwara
1250:Jawdhar
1196:Raqqada
1170:of the
1164:
1152::
1125::
1021:Taiyabi
920:Ḥusayn
857:leaders
829:Abbasid
763:Rudkhan
748:Lambsar
743:Gerdkuh
733:Alamut
723:Anjudan
712:Centers
656:Pamiris
549:Bahrayn
433:Tayyibi
391:Fasting
386:Charity
371:Walayah
269:Imamate
174:Fatimid
169:Dynasty
105:Raqqada
59:of the
3913:Hafizi
3891:Nizari
3796:Kutama
3755:Bakjur
3750:Jawhar
3712:Multan
3686:, and
3674:Aleppo
3636:Zirids
3630:Sicily
3595:Shawar
3448:schism
3442:Hafizi
3416:schism
3414:Nizari
3370:Apamea
3365:Aleppo
3184:topics
2952:
2920:
2901:&
2861:
2840:
2808:
2800:
2777:
2751:
2727:
2708:&
2683:
2664:
2643:
2624:&
1822:khutba
1769:Apulia
1757:Gerace
1713:Mazara
1685:Sicily
1621:tumuli
1616:, the
1614:Jedars
1606:Luwata
1599:minbar
1585:Tahert
1577:Jedars
1502:khutba
1436:Biskra
1432:Zenata
1424:Bajaya
1372:jurist
1319:Kutama
1315:Sousse
1274:Berber
1208:caliph
1168:caliph
1141:Arabic
1114:Arabic
912:Ahmad
874:Husayn
855:Early
822:Qiyama
807:Ginans
792:Nizārī
753:Masyaf
696:Khojas
585:People
559:Multan
539:States
509:Nizari
499:Hafizi
381:Prayer
376:Purity
351:Titles
326:Taqiya
264:Ta'wil
193:Karima
190:Mother
180:Father
57:Caliph
4208:Media
4083:Cairo
3879:Druze
3856:Zahir
3852:Batin
3842:Hujja
3702:Nubia
3692:Yemen
3530:Rasad
3405:Nizar
3344:(971)
3010:13th
2954:Died:
2947:Born:
2881:. In
2806:JSTOR
2769:[
2700:. In
2612:. In
1828:sikka
1746:Ceuta
1708:jihad
1659:Midès
1651:Gafsa
1471:Magra
1467:Tubna
1456:Aurès
1440:Msila
1420:Sbiba
1412:Tunis
1298:Sunni
1260:Reign
1254:harem
1198:near
869:Hasan
843:Women
776:Other
718:Cairo
472:Vakil
465:Badar
314:Hujja
299:Daʿwa
279:Bātin
274:Ẓāhir
254:Quran
223:Islam
156:Laqab
142:Kunya
135:Names
120:Issue
67:Reign
4051:and
3854:and
3730:and
3708:Lodi
3638:and
3350:and
3015:Imam
2918:OCLC
2859:ISBN
2838:ISBN
2798:ISSN
2775:ISBN
2749:ISBN
2725:ISBN
2681:ISBN
2662:ISBN
2641:ISBN
1844:and
1539:keep
1410:and
1408:Béja
1363:qadi
1244:and
1204:imam
1162:lit.
1008:Imām
411:and
321:Satr
304:Dāʿī
294:ʿIlm
289:'Aql
111:Died
99:Born
53:Imam
4049:Art
3352:2nd
3348:1st
2914:A–B
2830:doi
1791:).
1736:.
1701:of
1649:to
1623:of
1444:Zab
1174:in
864:Ali
331:Pīr
309:Bāb
284:Nūr
221:on
4223::
3725:,
3682:,
2910:.
2897:;
2893:;
2889:;
2885:;
2836:.
2804:.
2794:54
2792:.
2717:.
2704:;
2633:.
2620:;
2616:;
2530:^
2491:^
2476:^
2423:^
2408:^
2389:^
2336:^
2279:^
2238:^
2185:^
2144:^
2111:^
2096:^
2033:^
1964:^
1902:^
1867:^
1787:r.
1687:,
1325:.
1217:r.
1210:,
1159:,
1147:,
1143::
1120:,
1116::
1050::
1041::
1032::
1026::
1010::
984:/
970:/
3714:)
3710:(
3704:)
3700:(
3694:)
3690:(
3676:)
3672:(
3666:)
3662:(
3646:)
3642:(
3632:)
3628:(
3444:–
3412:–
3174:e
3167:t
3160:v
3056:e
3049:t
3042:v
2924:.
2867:.
2846:.
2832::
2812:.
2783:.
2757:.
2733:.
2689:.
2670:.
2649:.
1852:.
1639:(
1214:(
1206:–
1139:(
1112:(
1098:e
1091:t
1084:v
1019:-
831:-
55:–
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