al-Qa'im (Fatimid caliph)

1749:. The Fatimid army moved about, trying to deny the Zenata food and pasture, and pursuing Ibn Khazar. Al-Qa'im led cavalry troops in person trying to capture the elusive Zenata chieftain, but the latter managed to escape again and again, frequently in the nick of time. Conditions were hard: uninterrupted rainfall for over a month in December and January cut off communications with Mahdiya, where the court feared that the entire expedition was lost. On 29 January 928, the Fatimid army defeated the sedentary Matmata tribe in a large-scale battle and forced them to submit to Fatimid rule. In March al-Qa'im arrived before the last Zenata stronghold, Zabraqa. After a brief siege and bombardment with catapults, the fortified city was sacked. Al-Qa'im's victory dispatch prompted the circulation of a poem, where the al-Qa'im announces himself as the "Son of the Messenger of God" who is about to "roam throughout God's earth...to Egypt and Iraq, and afterwards I shall concern myself with Baghdad". 1345:. Abu Abdallah installed a Shi'a government in the name of the absent and as yet unnamed imam, and as soon as the new regime was stabilized, left with his army to bring Sa'id and his family to Ifriqiya. Learning of the approach of the Kutama army, the emir of Sijilmasa had Sa'id questioned and put under house arrest along with Abd al-Rahman, but otherwise they were treated well. Their servants on the other hand were thrown into prison, and regularly whipped. On 26 August 909, the Kutama army reached Sijilmasa, and demanded the release of their captive imam. After brief clashes with the Midrarid troops, Emir al-Yasa fled his city, which was occupied and plundered. Mounted on horseback and dressed in fine clothes, Abd al-Rahman and his father were presented to the army, amidst shouts and tears of religious exaltation. On the next day, 27 August, Sa'id was enthroned and acclaimed by the troops. 1539:, where they could find provisions. The Kutama initially plundered the area, but al-Qa'im restored order and imposed a regular tax regime on the inhabitants. At this point, al-Qa'im and Habasa, who had remained behind in command of the bulk of the Fatimid army at Giza, fell out when al-Qa'im ordered Habasa replaced. On 8 January 915, in a large-scale battle at Giza, the Fatimids were decisively defeated; Fatimid sources unanimously attribute this defeat to Habasa, who fled the battlefield, despite al-Qa'im's exhortations to stand firm. The pro-Fatimid accounts maintain that al-Qa'im launched three attacks on the enemy and caused many casualties, but these embellishments cannot hide the fact that the battle was a disaster: with his army collapsing, al-Qa'im retreated to Alexandria, which he entered on 23 January. 1753:

Khazar, who fled into the deep desert; al-Qa'im's men, with their supplies dwindling, could not follow him. Already in the next year, the Zenata chieftain returned to threaten the Fatimids in the Zab region. In addition, al-Qa'im's return was at least partly due to concerns about his position: his oldest son, al-Qasim, had informed him that in his absence, one of al-Qa'im's half-brothers, Abu Ali Ahmad, had been permitted to play a leading role in public ceremonies. The motivation for this unusual move—whether as a result of palace intrigues or due to a genuine concern that al-Qa'im might be dead—and whether al-Mahdi truly intended to promote Ahmad as an alternative successor, remains unknown. Al-Qa'im's return consolidated his position, but the affair left a lasting rift between him and his father.

216: 2211:). The transition of power went smoothly, but was irregular, as Isma'il was not the oldest son of al-Qa'im. The fate of the firstborn son, al-Qasim, is unclear—he reportedly had died in the meantime, and the pro-Fatimid sources are at pains to stress that Isma'il had been formally designated as heir by his father; Jawdhar insists in his memoirs that he was the trustee of Isma'il's undisclosed nomination as his father's heir already at the time of al-Qa'im's own accession in 934. Nevertheless, the fact that the new ruler had all his uncles and half-brothers arrested and held under the auspices of Jawdhar has led modern historians of the Fatimid period, such as 2176:

losses, and Abu Yazid was forced to retreat to Kairouan. There, Abu Yazid found the atmosphere hostile. Some locals contacted the Fatimids, offering to hand the city and the rebel leader over; an assassination plot was discovered and averted; and riots erupted over the forcible abduction of the locals' daughters and concubines by the Kharijite soldiery, justified according to Kharijite doctrine that treated Muslims of other creeds as unbelievers. Abu Yazid was forced to promise to stop the practice, and departed Kairouan; thereupon the locals forcibly released many women who had been abducted.

2172:

ships bringing in grain supplies from Sicily and Tripoli ran aground and were captured by the rebels, but Abu Yazid also faced problems. Most of his men were untrained peasants, who now returned to their fields, or out for plunder; the Kharijite leader could count firmly only on the Hawwara. As a result, the siege was not very effective, and Fatimid sallies sometimes found the enemy camp empty. Even during this period of danger, however, al-Qa'im refused to show himself in public, or to send one of his sons in his stead, despite the entreaties of his court.

1895: 2135:, opening the way to Kairouan. There, Khalil al-Tamimi resisted his officers' calls to march out and confront the rebel army, awaiting the arrival of the main Fatimid army under Maysur al-Fata, but the latter also hesitated to move decisively against the rebels. As a result, the disgruntled and unpaid soldiers of the local militia began deserting to the rebels, forcing Khalil to surrender on 14 October. Abu Yazid had him and the city's chief 1374:

questioning the claims of his master, and was joined by several of the most prominent Kutama chieftains who had led the Kutama campaign against the Aghlabids. Informed of their intentions, al-Mahdi struck first, and on 18 February 911, Abu Abdallah and Abu'l-Abbas Muhammad were assassinated by loyal Kutama soldiers in the caliph's own palace. They were soon followed by the other Kutama chieftains who had taken part in the conspiracy.

1628:), as well as recognition of the Fatimids as autonomous rulers of Ifriqiya in the style of the Aghlabids, if al-Qa'im submitted to the Abbasid caliph. Al-Qa'im rejected these overtures in a letter that reiterated the Fatimids' claims to universal dominion as the rightful heirs of Muhammad. A fragment of a long poem by al-Qa'im, exhorting the inhabitants of Fustat to emulate the Ifriqiyan example and follow the rightful Fatimid 1045: 5708: 2227:

Fatimids, led by their new ruler in person, and finally captured and executed in August 947. To avoid giving the rebels any advantage, Isma'il and his government hid the death of al-Qa'im, a task made easier by the reclusive life al-Qa'im had led. All public business and ceremonies were still conducted in al-Qa'im's name, and Isma'il acted ostensibly only as his heir-designate. Even the regnal name of

2255:

criticizes his passive defensive strategy and the splitting of his forces, which gave Abu Yazid the initiative and allowed him to defeat them piecemeal. For Michael Brett, al-Qa'im's reclusive rule " the initiative of the revolution at home and abroad at a time when the world around was changing", failed to rise to the aspirations to universal rule awoken by his name and title, and ended in disaster.

2023:

him an excellent opportunity: troops under the freedman Zaydan and Amir al-Majun were immediately sent to Barqa to join the rebels. Alexandria was easily captured in early March 936, but already at the end of the same month, the invasion army was defeated by al-Ikhshid's forces. The Fatimid forces were once again expelled from Alexandria, losing many who were taken prisoner, and withdrew to Barqa.

1804:

Hawwara Berbers, before his deception was discovered and he was executed by his own followers. Otherwise the transition into the new reign was smooth, with al-Qa'im taking up residence in the caliphal palace of Mahdiya, where he spent the remainder of his life. He abandoned public appearances during festivals, and became so reclusive a figure that his character is virtually unknown to posterity.

1593:, who kept him informed of the Abbasid garrison's state, he made no move to exploit the weakness of the Fustat garrison and storm Giza. It is possible that al-Madhara'i played a double game, trying to delay an attack until fresh Abbasid troops arrived. Al-Qa'im remained at Alexandria for the remainder of the year, as reinforcements continued to arrive from Ifriqiya. These included the 1683:. Although the latter was able to repel a Zenata attack on Tahert in 925, the defeat of a Fatimid relief army by Ibn Khazar encouraged other Berber tribes in the area to rise in revolt. This forced al-Mahdi to send al-Qa'im to deal with the revolt in person. The heir-apparent set out on 12 April 917, issuing a general call to arms, not only to the Kutama, but also to the Arab militia ( 1581:

on 5 April 919. His vanguard arrived before Alexandria on 9 July 919, while al-Qa'im with the main body of his army came in September/October. The Abbasid governor of the city fled, and Alexandria surrendered without battle. Having already acknowledged Fatimid sovereignty during the first invasion and hence now considered in revolt, the city was sacked by the Fatimid troops.

40: 1999:

devastated and depopulated. Khalil boasted of having killed one million people during his campaign, the cadastral registers were destroyed, thus making verification of the land tax impossible, many Sicilian Muslims were dispossessed and forcibly resettled, and many others fled to the Byzantine-controlled territories of southern Italy.

1354:

Imam rightly guided by God, the Commander of the Faithful". On the same occasion, Abd al-Rahman received a new name, Abu'l-Qasim Muhammad. Coupled with the new name of his father, this was the same name as the Islamic prophet Muhammad had borne: Abu'l-Qasim Muhammad ibn Abdallah. This was the name that had long been prophesied for the

1654:, cutting al-Qa'im and his men in the oasis from the rest of the country. Once the Abbasid forces began to advance into the oasis, on 8 July al-Qa'im ordered the retreat: all heavy equipment was left behind, while he and his men made their way through the desert to the coastal road to Barqa, an arduous march in which many perished. 1794:) successor of the imam-caliph, al-Qa'im did not face any opposition. Apart from the one occasion in 928, his numerous half-siblings by concubines—six sons and seven daughters—never played an important role, and al-Mahdi had deliberately kept them in the palace, not entrusting them with a gubernatorial or military command. 1254:. Sa'id had not been consulted beforehand, and the outbreak of these revolts put him in danger, as his identity and location were revealed to the Abbasid government. The Abbasids launched a manhunt against him, so Sa'id took Abd al-Rahman and a few other close members of his household and left Salamiyah for 1209:, the Islamic messiah. Sometime before 899, Sa'id began claiming that he was the actual hidden imam, descended from a line of hidden imams; and that Muhammad ibn Isma'il had been only a fiction and a cover name to mask their activities. These claims may even have begun before Sa'id assumed control of the 2226:

Regardless of its legality, Isma'il's succession was providential for the Fatimid state. He immediately went into the offensive against the rebels, and in short order relieved Sousse, recovered Kairouan, and defeated Abu Yazid' attempts to recapture it. Abu Yazid was pursued into the mountains by the

2183:

and al-Aribus followed suit. During the following months, heavy fighting between Abu Yazid's and the Fatimid forces occurred at Tunis, which was captured and recaptured by both sides, and left almost completely destroyed. A similar fate befell Béja and al-Aribus. The veteran Fatimid partisan, Ali ibn

2084:

In February 944, Abu Yazid's followers descended from the mountains, taking the Fatimids by surprise. Al-Qa'im mobilized the Kutama soldiers, but the small and highly mobile bands of Abu Yazid eluded them, and were always able to escape back to the safety of the Aurès. During the summer, cities began

2022:

Some commanders of the local garrison refused to accept this, however, and fled to Barqa, where they called upon al-Qa'im for assistance. Al-Qa'im may have been intending to invade Egypt either way, and it is likely that his father had made preparations for this purpose, but this development provided

1580:

Despite the failure of the first attempt, preparations began immediately for a second assault on Egypt, starting with the recapture of Cyrenaica. This was accomplished with the surrender of Barqa after an 18-month siege, in April 917. Al-Qa'im set out from Raqqada on his second campaign against Egypt

1258:

in Palestine. There the local governor, secretly an Isma'ili convert, hid them from the Abbasid pursuit. The Bedouin rebels, calling themselves 'Fatimids', seized control of much of Syria and established a Shi'a regime on behalf of their hidden master, but despite receiving several letters urging him

2250:

When he came to power, al-Qa'im was an experienced man: he had been entrusted with a share of public affairs fairly soon after his father's rise to the caliphate, and although his record as commander was mediocre, judging from the result of the Egyptian campaigns, al-Qa'im displayed some ability and

1990:

Fresh troops arrived from Ifriqiya in October. Their commander, Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Tamimi, was named governor of Sicily and quickly subdued Palermo. Agrigento was besieged next, from March 938, but Khalil had to abandon the siege at the onset of winter and return to Palermo. This failure encouraged

1803:

s that the death of al-Mahdi meant the end of any hope for the afterlife, the only challenge to the succession came from Tripolitania, where a certain Muhammad ibn Talut claimed to be a son of al-Mahdi and laid claim to the imamate and caliphate. He managed to rally a large following among the local

1752:

The army then returned to Tahert, where a strong garrison was installed. On 20 October al-Qa'im began his return to Ifriqiya; he and his army received a triumphal reception at Mahdiya on 1 November. The campaign was hailed as a great success in Fatimid propaganda, but was marred by the escape of Ibn

1608:

After the failure of his navy and the arrival of Abbasid reinforcements, and with the supply situation in Alexandria worsening, al-Qa'im decided to repeat the manoeuvre of 914: on 30 July he left Alexandria and, bypassing Giza, took over the fertile Fayyum Oasis, which could provide provisions and a

1584:

As in 914, the Abbasid governor concentrated the few local forces at Giza, to defend the Nile crossing, until Baghdad could send reinforcements: once again, Mu'nis al-Muzaffar was entrusted with the high command, departing for Egypt on 23 February 920. Although al-Qa'im corresponded with several key

1662:

In the periphery of Aghlabid Ifriqiya, the nascent Fatimid regime faced significant challenges from the native Berber tribes, especially those living in the more mountainous areas, where the Aghlabids and their caliphal predecessors had failed to establish firm control. The main Fatimid stronghold

1565:

Soon after, Habasa with thirty of his closest followers deserted al-Qa'im and made for Ifriqiya; alarmed by this, al-Qa'im evacuated Alexandria hastily and without battle, leaving much of his armament and equipment behind. The city was quickly reoccupied by the Abbasids. Al-Qa'im arrived at Raqqada

1440:

Berbers quickly came to resent the overbearing behaviour of the Kutama soldiery, as well as the heavy tax demands placed upon them. A first uprising and siege of Tripoli in 910–911 was followed by a general revolt of the Hawwara in summer 912. The Fatimid governor of Tripoli fled, and all Kutama in

1373:

The explanation by al-Mahdi that he was merely one in a series of imams rather than the messiah of the end times, and the reality of the new ruler as a man—a middle-aged merchant who loved the finer things in life—clashed with the doctrines that had been propagated by Abu Abdallah. The latter began

2154:

inhabitants of Kairouan, who greatly resented Fatimid rule, were initially supportive of Abu Yazid's takeover, but the unruly behaviour of his Berber followers and their rapacious behaviour quickly alienated them. Nevertheless, for the moment, they were prepared to tolerate Abu Yazid as the lesser

1353:

on 4 January 910. On the next day, Friday, 5 January 910, in the sermon of the Friday prayer, a manifesto hailing the return of the caliphate to its rightful possessors, the Family of Muhammad, was read, and the name and titles of the new ruler were formally announced: "Abdallah Abu Muhammad, the

2175:

The siege of al-Mahdiya was broken as a result of the defection of the Arab troops from al-Aribus, following a quarrel with the Kharijite Berbers. On 16 September, at the crucial point of a battle against a Fatimid sortie, the Arabs turned on their erstwhile allies. The rebel army suffered heavy

2171:

Abu Yazid arrived before the Fatimid capital on 9 January 945. The first attack on the city, on 20 January 945, reached the wall of the palace city, but was eventually pushed back. The city was placed under blockade, which lasted until 16 September 945. The Fatimid position was difficult, as the

2163:

Fleeing from the Kharijites' advance, desperate Kutama soldiers and Fatimid adherents had flocked to al-Mahdiya, but al-Qa'im, determined to conserve supplies for the upcoming siege, had refused to admit them into the walls. Instead, the Fatimid ruler ordered a new wall and ditch constructed to

2026:

The establishment of a strong ruler in Egypt in the person of al-Ikhshid checked Fatimid ambitions for some time to come, but more importantly, in the next years the Fatimid regime was shake to its very core by a large-scale revolt which nearly brought the dynasty to its end. It was not until a

1675:

Berber, which brought his tribe under the Fatimid banner. The efforts of the Miknasa to spread Isma'ilism in Ouarsenis, on the other hand, failed miserably, and their siding with the Fatimids led to another tribal group, the Zenata, to oppose the Fatimids under the leadership of Ibn Khazar and

2254:

The historian Farhat Dachraoui thus calls him "one of the less illustrious members of the dynasty", and points out that his "excessive taxation and religious persecution", in his attempt to consolidate his rule, actually ended up encouraging the Kharijite uprising of Abu Yazid. Dachraoui also

1998:

and the rebellious towns of the interior in 939–940, and on 20 November 940, Agrigento followed suit. The last rebel strongholds held out a little while longer, but by September 941 the island was pacified and Khalil returned to Ifriqiya. The island was once again under Fatimid control, but

2192:, who in turn promised to send support. As the year was late and the sailing season over, however, the Umayyad fleet was set to sail in the next year. Seizing the initiative once more, Abu Yazid marched to recover control of Sousse, beginning a siege of the city on 13 January 946. 1944:, and provided construction materials and artisans for the purpose. This cemented the close relation and loyalty of the Zirids to the Fatimids. The caliph also reinforced the authority of his march-warden at Msila, Ali ibn Hamdun al-Andalusi, over the Banu Kamlan Berbers. 1952:

In the north, a truce had been concluded with the Byzantines in 931/2 in exchange for the regular payment of tribute to Mahdiya, which was adhered to even after al-Qa'im's succession. As a result, the Fatimids set their sights north. In June 934 a Fatimid fleet under

2241:

He was married already at an early age, before his family left Salamiya. His wife, Umm Habiba, apparently was still a child when she accompanied him to the Maghreb. He also had six known concubines, of which one, Karima, became the mother of his successor al-Mansur.

1463:

Following this first success, on 11 July al-Qa'im left Raqqada at the head of another army and went east to assume command of the expedition. Al-Qai'm ordered Habasa to await his arrival at Barqa, but Habasa, driven by ambition, led his forces into Egypt, entering

1348:

The army remained at Sijilmasa for several weeks, during which delegations offering submission came from across the western Maghreb, before setting out for Ifriqiya on 12 October. Subduing some Berber tribes on its way, the army reached the Aghlabid palace city of

1886:, and thus challenging the Sunni Abbasids for the leadership of the entire Islamic world. Already in his inaugural proclamation, al-Qa'im's father had claimed a mandate to "conquer the world to East and West, in accordance with God's promise, from sinful rebels". 1227:

for the newly born Abd al-Rahman. These claims caused a schism in the Isma'ili movement in 899, between those who recognized Sa'id's claims to the imamate and those who rejected them and continued to await the return of Muhammad ibn Isma'il as the

2251:

resolve. Most of his reign was a period of peace for Ifriqiya, when scarcely any event is noted by the chroniclers; nevertheless, his legacy is dominated by the disastrous end of his reign, amidst the cataclysmic uprising of Abu Yazid.

1542:

Despite the setback, in his letters to his father, and the surviving sermons that he delivered in Alexandria, al-Qa'im appears not to have lost confidence in his ultimate success. At Alexandria, he held a number of Friday prayer sermons

1649:

The impasse was broken by the Abbasids in May/June 921: Thamal's fleet captured Alexandria, and then sailed down the Nile to support Mu'nis' attack on Fayyum. The Abbasid forces blockaded the sole connection of Fayym with the Nile at

1557:

from al-Qa'im, and raised the prospect of the capitulation of Fustat. It appears that al-Qa'im himself was not entirely convinced of the sincerity of such proposals, which became impossible when the Abbasid commander-in-chief

2187:

Seeking allies against the Fatimids, Abu Yazid sent some Kairouan notables as envoys to the Umayyads of Córdoba. After this first embassy was well received, Abu Yazid sent Ayyub to pledge allegiance to the Umayyad caliph

1317:, was arrested, and the Aghlabids learned about the identity and the appearance of the group's members. As a result, the group skirted the Aghlabid territory along its southern borders and made for the oasis town of 1847:) origin. He became the steward of al-Qa'im's palace at Mahdiya when the latter was still heir apparent, and after his master's accession was placed in charge of the private treasury and the clothing storehouses. 4332:(2015). "Prinzen, Prinzessinnen, Konkubinen und Eunuchen am fatimidischen Hof" [Princes, Princesses, Concubines and Eunuchs at the Fatimid Court]. In Pomerantz, Maurice A.; Shahin, Aram A. (eds.). 2143:

executed. Abu Yazid completed his triumph by destroying Maysur's army in a surprise night attack on 29/30 October: Maysur was killed, and his army disintegrated. Shortly after, Sousse was sacked as well.

1518:. The Egyptian forces pursued the Kutama into the night, but during the pursuit the inexperienced levies fell into an ambush, saving the Fatimid army from a complete rout. Some of the Egyptians (Christian 1441:

the city were slaughtered. Al-Qa'im was put in charge of a combined land and naval expedition, laying siege to Tripoli until it capitulated in June 913. Al-Qa'im left one of the principal Kutama generals,

1933:. Sandal conquered Nekor and killed its ruler in September 936, before joining Maysur at Fes. The city surrendered after a seven-month siege, and its governors deported to Mahdiya. Maysur installed the 1175:. Abd al-Rahman's mother was Sa'id's paternal cousin, the daughter of Abu Ali Muhammad, known as Abu'l-Shalaghlagh, who had fostered Sa'id when he became orphaned as a youth; her name is not recorded. 2104:) for its inhabitants; Fatimid officials and all adherents of Isma'ilism were explicitly excluded from it. Al-Qa'im mobilized four armies in response: one to defend the old Aghlabid palace city of 1832: 5468: 1762: 1905:

Al-Qa'im thus inherited from his father a large empire, but one whose conquest was incomplete and unconsolidated. The new caliph inherited a major crisis in the western Maghreb (modern

1786:

Al-Mahdi died at Mahdiya on 4 March 934, after a period of illness. Al-Qa'im kept his death secret for a hundred days, before announcing a period of public mourning. As the designated (

1940:

To help keep the unruly Zenata in check, at the same time, in 936, al-Qa'im gave permission to the Sanjaha leader, Ziri ibn Manad, for the construction of the fortified palace city of

1761:

As heir-apparent al-Qa'im is also mentioned as a frequent intermediary for making grievances known to his father, such as against the tyrannical behavior of the governor of Kairouan,

1414:('He who executes God's command'), and placed him in charge of the army sent to quell the revolt. On 21 June 912, the loyalist army decisively defeated the rebels near Mila. The anti- 1278:. Sa'id, Abd al-Rahman, and their small entourage stayed there until January 905, when the Abbasids invaded the country and overthrew the Tulunid regime. Sa'id decided to move to the 1495:

withdrew and allowed the passage of armies along the river, the Fatimid army set out for Fustat in two columns: Habasa ahead, with al-Qa'im following behind. The Abbasid governor,

2164:

cover the outer suburbs, behind which the refugees took shelter. The defence of the wall and its two gates was assumed by the Kutama and the loyal palace troops, composed of

2117: 2216: 2072:

in the 740s, as well as the native messianic traditions that had been the foundation of al-Mahdi's caliphate. Abu Yazid's followers, however, rejected the Fatimids'

1991:

further uprisings in the interior. The rebels successfully requested assistance from the Byzantines, and Khalil was forced to ask for reinforcements from Ifriqiya.

1314: 2219:, to suspect that Isma'il's unheralded rise to power was the result of a palace intrigue headed by Jawdhar, with the participation of other figures from al-Qa'im's 2049:

sect that had been predominant among the Ifriqiyan Berbers before the coming if the Fatimids. From 937 on, he began a clandestine agitation against the Fatimids at

2184:

Hamdun al-Andalusi, advanced from his stronghold of Msila against the Kharijites, but was defeated by Abu Yazid's son Ayyub and died of his wounds shortly after.

2179:

Discontent with Abu Yazid's rule spread across other parts of Ifriqiya: Sousse rose in revolt and, assisted by a Fatimid fleet, overthrew Kharijite rule. Tunis,

1711:, to contribute men to his expedition; to ensure the latter's loyalty, the families of their chiefs were sent as hostages to Mahdiya. It was not until July, at 4831: 2127:

These dispositions left the initiative to the rebels, who could attack the Fatimid commanders in isolation. Bushra was defeated and forced to withdraw to

1360:, and modern scholars suggest that the choice was a subtle ploy by the new caliph to shift the millennialist expectations of his followers onto his son. 5631: 1620:

For an entire year, both sides avoided open conflict, and engaged rather in a diplomatic and propaganda battle. Mu'nis offered promises of safe-conduct (

2064:

There he quickly won many followers to his cause, and was elected their leader. His movement tapped into both the anti-imperial traditions of the great

4676: 1975:

In Sicily, the local Arab and Berber settlers continued to resent the Kutama-dominated and tax-heavy Fatimid regime, and in April 937, the populace of

1668: 1442: 1389:

s were appointed, and a new holy book written. Starting from Ikjan, the original centre of Abu Abdallah's mission, the revolt spread to the cities of

1680: 1855:

Under al-Mahdi, the nascent Fatimid realm had expanded in three directions at once: against the Muslim "usurpers", the Abbasids in the east and the

1325:. Sa'id, Abd al-Rahman, and their small entourage settled in Sijilmasa, leading the comfortable life of wealthy merchants, for the next four years. 1922: 1918: 1377:

This did not quiet Kutama doubts, however: in April 912, a young boy, Kadu ibn Mu'arik al-Mawati, was proclaimed by some of the Kutama as the true

1937:, who had been persecuted by Ibn Abi'l-Afiya, as Fatimid vassals, and launched a pursuit of the renegade Miknasa chieftain, but without success. 1746: 1609:

base of operations. As before, he proceeded to tax the inhabitants, as if he were the rightful ruler of Egypt. Another Kutama force took over

4795: 2200:

According to the official Fatimid accounts, al-Qa'im died on 17 May 946, and was succeeded by his son Isma'il, who became the new caliph as

5243: 1808: 1420:

al-Mawati and the other rebel leaders were soon captured, and prominently featured in al-Qa'im's triumphal entry into Kairouan in autumn.

1215:: the family eunuch Ja'far reports in his memoirs that already Abu'l-Shalaghlagh had secretly claimed to a few senior agents the title of 5230: 5226: 1522:

and Muslims alike) corresponded with al-Qa'im, revealing the continued presence of an element of possible sympathizers and, according to

5235: 1551:), propagating the Isma'ili and Fatimid cause. For a while he also engaged in negotiations with some Egyptian defectors, who asked for 1436:, the easternmost city of the Aghlabid domain, had submitted to the Fatimids following the fall of the Aghlabid emirate, but the local 1566:

on 28 May 915. In his rear, Cyrenaica rose in revolt and overthrew Fatimid control; in Barqa, the entire Kutama garrison was killed.

4558: 1983:, sent an army of Kutama against the city under Abu Duqaq, but he was defeated, and the Agrigentans marched on the island's capital, 1590: 5498: 1835:, another former household slave from the days of Salamiya, headed the palace service. The main new figure of al-Qa'im's reign was 1719: 1499:, refused calls to surrender, and instead called for aid from Baghdad and mobilized his forces to defend the river crossing at the 778: 215: 4812: 4806: 4148:

The Rise of the Fatimids: The World of the Mediterranean and the Middle East in the Fourth Century of the Hijra, Tenth Century CE

2007:

In the east, at the time of al-Qa'im's accession the Abbasid Caliphate was entering its final decline after the murder of Caliph

1987:. Salim managed to beat them back, but in September, Palermo too rose in revolt, forcing Salim to lay siege to his own capital. 1708: 1575: 1458: 1445:, there, to prepare the further eastward expansion of the Fatimid empire. In January 914, Habasa led an army east, and captured 4669: 888: 4818: 2124:, and the main army under Maysur al-Fata, which was to encamp midway between al-Mahdiya and Kairouan, ready to assist either. 5740: 5676: 5503: 4384: 4360: 4341: 4319: 4293: 4269: 4175: 617: 317: 1617:. Not only did this increase the area under taxation for al-Qa'im, but it also ended the grain supply of Fustat from there. 1171:

in March or April 893, with the birth name Abd al-Rahman. Abd al-Rahman's father was Sa'id ibn al-Husayn, the future Caliph

5493: 5350: 240: 1597:, 80 ships strong under the eunuch Sulayman, but the Fatimid ships were decisively defeated by an Abbasid squadron under 1073: 4255: 4209: 1535:

Unable to cross the river to Fustat, al-Qa'im led a large part of his army around Takin's defences and into the fertile

1428:

Following the consolidation of Fatimid rule in Ifriqiya, al-Mahdi's first objective was Egypt, the gateway to Syria and

5711: 5463: 4879: 4855: 4800: 1730:) after himself, in the nearby plain, to cement Fatimid control over the area. One of the earliest Isma'ili partisans, 704: 4851: 4662: 5750: 677: 1646:, urging them to recognize the Fatimids' claims to sovereignty over the Islamic world. His requests were ignored. 5488: 4732: 4608: 4156: 934: 622: 1246:

After Sa'id's revelation that he was the hidden imam, some of his most fervent followers launched a series of

5645: 5473: 5023: 4897: 4868: 4551: 2016: 1980: 1979:, mostly non-Kutama Berbers, expelled their governor and rose in revolt. The Fatimid governor of the island, 1954: 1634:, also survives, via a copy sent to Baghdad. At the same time, the Fatimid commander sent appeals to the two 798: 652: 582: 1874:. This expansion was ideologically driven: the Fatimid caliphs were not only the secular rulers of a state ( 1718:

From there, the chamberlain Ja'far ibn Ubayd, a former household slave of al-Mahdi at Salamiya, subdued the

5458: 4790: 1397:, while a loyalist army sent against them was thrown back after many of the Kutama in its ranks defected. 1333:

In March 909, the Kutama under Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i finally defeated the last Aghlabid army, forcing Emir

1313:) under nominal Abbasid suzerainty. On the journey west one of the group's members, Abu Abdallah's brother 602: 20: 5448: 5340: 5073: 5008: 4957: 2271:

The separation of the two titles was an innovation: in Islamic eschatology until that time, the title of

2073: 1194: 577: 389: 245: 5650: 5626: 5483: 5248: 4988: 2109: 1731: 1692: 984: 953: 607: 340: 1471:

At Tripoli, the fortuitous presence of al-Qa'im and his men prevented an attack by a rebel fleet from

5666: 5638: 5406: 5038: 4913: 4837: 4762: 4717: 4702: 4638: 4593: 4578: 4514: 4394:

Lev, Yaacov (1984). "The Fāṭimid Navy, Byzantium and the Mediterranean Sea, 909–1036 CE/297–427 AH".

4242: 4192: 2028: 1400:

In response, in April/May 912, al-Mahdi officially proclaimed Abu'l-Qasim Muhammad as heir-apparent (

1172: 1140: 1136: 919: 880: 682: 422: 401: 385: 163: 79: 53: 2085:

surrendering to the rebels, and the first pitched battle between the Kharijites and the Kutama near

1507:

and Giza. The Fatimid army tried to capture the bridge on 15 December, but was beaten back: Takin's

5745: 5453: 5195: 4544: 4507: 4473: 1290: 962: 904: 870: 773: 5569: 5508: 4694: 4567: 4480: 4376:

The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century

1914: 1198: 1066: 914: 875: 612: 587: 57: 5211: 5083: 5028: 4908: 4845: 4747: 4623: 1635: 944: 535: 327: 312: 1479:

further north. Al-Qa'im arrived in Alexandria on 6 November 914, where he imposed the Fatimid

5616: 5411: 5268: 5078: 4949: 4902: 4884: 4727: 4603: 2096:), the gate to the core of Fatimid Ifriqiya, surrendered in exchange for a letter of safety ( 2042:

was a schoolteacher of mixed Zenata Berber and Black African descent, and an adherent of the

1957: 1559: 1297:

Berbers to the Isma'ili cause, and by 905 had achieved some victories against the autonomous

929: 833: 409: 1909:), where Fatimid rule had collapsed in 931/2 with the defection of the Fatimid viceroy, the 1859: 5671: 5556: 5478: 5416: 5394: 5093: 5088: 5068: 5003: 4967: 4945: 4917: 2274: 1446: 1394: 1191: 981: 758: 592: 555: 485: 475: 297: 2233:('the Victorious') was only publicly assumed after the final suppression of the uprising. 8: 5735: 5730: 5686: 5606: 5158: 5048: 4737: 4613: 993: 939: 657: 642: 5691: 5581: 5399: 5167: 5153: 5058: 4170:. The Edinburgh History of the Islamic Empires. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 2053:. Denounced and imprisoned, he was sprung from prison by his followers and fled to the 1727: 1059: 1019: 865: 819: 814: 501: 448: 441: 195: 4233: 4187: 2058: 5531: 5215: 5187: 4685: 4403: 4380: 4356: 4337: 4315: 4289: 4265: 4219: 4171: 4152: 2189: 2069: 1880:), but concurrently also Shi'a imams, at the head of the wide-ranging network of the 1334: 1251: 1125: 1010: 1000: 860: 809: 763: 550: 530: 124: 61: 39: 5253: 5183: 5173: 5143: 5063: 4962: 4930: 4873: 4712: 4588: 4528: 4490: 4424: 4131: 2201: 1926: 1867: 1598: 1496: 1298: 1028: 793: 540: 285: 135: 89: 1679:

Masala was killed by his rival in November 924, and was succeeded by his brother,

1263:

in November 903 by the Abbasid army, and their leader captured and interrogated.

5591: 4773: 4444: 4374: 4370: 4283: 4146: 1856: 1723: 1275: 1090: 746: 714: 637: 456: 153: 1734:, was tasked with completing its construction, and was made its first governor. 5621: 5043: 4742: 4722: 4618: 4598: 4279: 4250: 4238: 4204: 4200: 2165: 1871: 1735: 1667:, located some 300 kilometres (190 mi) to the west. Its Fatimid governor, 1508: 1500: 1433: 1260: 948: 924: 850: 739: 724: 647: 430: 2015:

was also felt in the provinces, especially Egypt, where the ambitious general

260: 5724: 5438: 5387: 5359: 5355: 5325: 5278: 5139: 5133: 4925: 4518: 4407: 4246: 4223: 4196: 2065: 2012: 1614: 1594: 1511: 1429: 1164: 1015: 896: 855: 845: 729: 709: 627: 567: 416: 322: 255: 250: 206: 181: 4428: 1773:

Isma'ili faithful in Ifriqiya, who claimed that al-Mahdi was God incarnate.

1178:

Sa'id, like Abu'l-Shalaghlagh before him, was the leader of the clandestine

5681: 5601: 5596: 5311: 5294: 5018: 4654: 2099: 1930: 1789: 1623: 1536: 1504: 1282:, in the western fringes of the Muslim world, where one of his agents, the 1049: 788: 662: 435: 307: 270: 1715:, that the Kutama joined the army and the expedition was fully assembled. 1432:, the old heartlands of the Islamic world and seat of his Abbasid rivals. 632: 5611: 5574: 5552: 5526: 5443: 5273: 2008: 1610: 1492: 1403: 1390: 1259:

to join them, Sa'id remained in hiding at Ramla. The rebels were finally

1179: 1133: 1098: 1024: 1006: 988: 768: 572: 466: 461: 2158: 1894: 5377: 5263: 4498: 4334:

The Heritage of Arabo-Islamic Learning. Studies Presented to Wadad Kadi

4329: 4303: 4136: 4119: 2212: 1766: 1523: 1465: 1235: 734: 597: 496: 44: 2155:

evil, in their fight against al-Qa'im, the 'Imam of the Unbelievers'.

1825:) was headed by Abu'l-Hasan Muhammad, a descendant of prominent early 5201: 5163: 4892: 4825: 2046: 2039: 2027:

generation after al-Qa'im's death, in 969, that the Fatimids finally

1976: 1318: 1168: 521: 235: 5191: 5147: 5053: 5013: 4940: 4936: 4862: 4757: 4752: 4633: 4628: 2113: 1969: 1934: 1842: 1338: 1302: 1129: 958: 667: 545: 506: 105: 4536: 2373: 1712: 5304: 5129: 5113: 5108: 5103: 4998: 4767: 4643: 2105: 2093: 2079: 2054: 1984: 1965: 1910: 1906: 1836: 1739: 1700: 1696: 1672: 1651: 1586: 1546: 1515: 1437: 1350: 1342: 1322: 1310: 1306: 1285: 1279: 1247: 997: 805: 719: 699: 525: 491: 347: 280: 265: 148: 3797: 3795: 2180: 2121: 1781: 1190:('invitation, calling'), ostensibly propagating the return of a 5707: 5564: 5299: 5258: 5177: 5098: 2148: 2132: 2086: 2050: 1995: 1917:, to the Umayyad camp. Al-Qa'im entrusted two Slavic officers, 1816: 1770: 1704: 1699:, from where he obliged the subdued Berber tribes, such as the 1664: 1643: 1602: 1472: 1294: 1267: 1121: 783: 302: 117: 4415:

Lev, Yaacov (1988). "The Fāṭimids and Egypt 301–358/914–969".

2279:('He Who Arises'), was another sobriquet used to refer to the 5586: 5428: 5382: 5345: 5205: 5033: 3792: 2220: 2151: 2128: 2043: 1961: 1941: 1899: 1863: 1812: 1639: 1519: 1480: 1271: 1255: 1204: 1185: 694: 672: 362: 357: 352: 290: 275: 230: 199: 4086: 4084: 4082: 3753: 3075: 2795: 1972:, before returning in triumph to al-Mahdiya in August 935. 1726:. Al-Qa'im founded a new city, named al-Muhammadiya (modern 4379:(Fourth ed.). Abingdon, Oxon and New York: Routledge. 4151:. The Medieval Mediterranean. Vol. 30. Leiden: BRILL. 3991: 3989: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3397: 2138: 1686: 1486: 1476: 372: 367: 4288:(Second ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3490: 3488: 3449: 3290: 3288: 2544: 2397: 4079: 4001: 3935: 3911: 3437: 2426: 2424: 2112:

to secure the former capital and major city of Ifriqiya,

840: 4336:(in German). Leiden and Boston: Brill. pp. 91–110. 4040: 4028: 3986: 3947: 3899: 3875: 3846: 3834: 3807: 3765: 3667: 3619: 3559: 3394: 3191: 3031: 2592: 2361: 2011:

in 932. The chaos in the Abbasid metropolitan region of

1742:, also offered his submission to al-Qa'im at this time. 4018: 4016: 3964: 3962: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3824: 3822: 3782: 3780: 3741: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3696: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3643: 3631: 3588: 3500: 3485: 3336: 3324: 3312: 3285: 3258: 3246: 3215: 3162: 3138: 3114: 3102: 2950: 2938: 2914: 2902: 2744: 2732: 2720: 2696: 2652: 2628: 2616: 2604: 2580: 2556: 1947: 1807:

Al-Qa'im largely kept his father's ministers in place.

1745:

In September, al-Qa'im entered the Zenata lands in the

1328: 4069: 4067: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3517: 3515: 3461: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3353: 3351: 3275: 3273: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3092: 3090: 3065: 3063: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2836: 2834: 2761: 2759: 2686: 2684: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2640: 2496: 2484: 2460: 2421: 1657: 3549: 3547: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3015: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2532: 2520: 2508: 2472: 2448: 2436: 2409: 2159:

Siege of al-Mahdiya and the Fatimid counter-offensive

1097:; March/April 893 – 17 May 946), better known by his 4096: 4052: 4013: 3974: 3959: 3923: 3887: 3858: 3819: 3777: 3729: 3708: 3679: 3655: 2981: 2385: 2349: 2325: 2313: 2303: 2301: 2280: 2272: 2228: 2136: 2097: 1881: 1875: 1840: 1826: 1820: 1798: 1787: 1684: 1629: 1621: 1552: 1544: 1527: 1484: 1415: 1409: 1401: 1384: 1378: 1365: 1355: 1283: 1229: 1222: 1216: 1210: 1202: 1183: 29: 4064: 3600: 3571: 3527: 3512: 3473: 3425: 3375: 3363: 3348: 3300: 3270: 3227: 3203: 3174: 3150: 3087: 3060: 3043: 2993: 2962: 2926: 2885: 2873: 2831: 2819: 2771: 2756: 2708: 2681: 2664: 2568: 4232: 4186: 3544: 3126: 3012: 2846: 2807: 2783: 2337: 1337:into exile and capturing the capital of Ifriqiya, 1266:This once again forced Sa'id to abandon Ramla for 4312:The Empire of the Mahdi: The Rise of the Fatimids 2298: 2076:, and insisted on the election of their leader. 1925:, with reconquering the area: Sandal against the 1850: 5722: 4124:Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée 1363: 4308:Das Reich des Mahdi: Der Aufstieg der Fatimiden 2080:Start of the uprising and the fall of Kairouan 1234:. The latter are generally known by the term " 4670: 4552: 4120:"Les Idrissides entre Fatimides et Omeyyades" 1782:Succession and the chief figures of the reign 1067: 4684: 4353:The Fatimids. 1. The Rise of a Muslim Empire 4285:The Ismāʿı̄lı̄s: Their History and Doctrines 1797:Apart from the lamentations of some veteran 1765:, or bringing to the caliph's attention the 1613:in spring 921 up to the Coptic bishopric of 1115: 1105: 4264:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 1242–1244. 4117: 3494: 1569: 4677: 4663: 4559: 4545: 4256:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition 4210:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition 2002: 1738:, the leader of another Berber tribe, the 1452: 1423: 1074: 1060: 38: 5244:Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Baghdadi 4230: 4218:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 458–460. 4184: 4135: 4090: 3801: 3443: 3419: 1811:served as head secretary and head of the 1809:Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Baghdadi 1514:inflicted heavy casualties on the Kutama 1341:, and the nearby Aghlabid palace city of 1893: 1585:figures in Fustat, including the former 4369: 4314:] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck. 4278: 3649: 3637: 3467: 3455: 2646: 2550: 2466: 2430: 2403: 2379: 2195: 5723: 2034: 1866:against the main Christian enemy, the 1691:), which assembled at al-Aribus under 1591:Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ali al-Madhara'i 1241: 5677:Muhammad ibn Hani al-Andalusi al-Azdi 4658: 4540: 4165: 4144: 4102: 4022: 4007: 3759: 3747: 3735: 3723: 3702: 3661: 2987: 2675: 2574: 2490: 2343: 1526:, possibly the presence of a Fatimid 1483:, a Kutama governor, and an Isma'ili 16:Second Fatimid caliph from 934 to 946 4355:. London and New York: I.B. Tauris. 4350: 4328: 4302: 4073: 4058: 4046: 4034: 3995: 3980: 3968: 3953: 3941: 3929: 3917: 3905: 3893: 3881: 3869: 3852: 3840: 3828: 3813: 3786: 3771: 3690: 3673: 3625: 3613: 3594: 3582: 3565: 3538: 3521: 3506: 3479: 3431: 3388: 3369: 3357: 3342: 3330: 3318: 3306: 3294: 3279: 3264: 3252: 3240: 3221: 3209: 3197: 3185: 3168: 3156: 3144: 3120: 3108: 3096: 3081: 3069: 3054: 3037: 3006: 2975: 2956: 2944: 2932: 2920: 2908: 2896: 2879: 2840: 2825: 2801: 2777: 2765: 2750: 2738: 2726: 2714: 2702: 2690: 2658: 2634: 2622: 2610: 2598: 2586: 2562: 2538: 2526: 2514: 2502: 2478: 2454: 2442: 2415: 2391: 2367: 2355: 2331: 2319: 2307: 2092:On 7 August 944, al-Aribus (ancient 1948:Sicily and the central Mediterranean 1329:Heir-apparent and military commander 1163:The future al-Qa'im was born in the 1132:from 934 to 946. He was the twelfth 1087:Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh 4566: 4414: 4393: 3553: 3132: 3025: 2867: 2813: 2789: 1756: 1658:Campaign against the Zenata Berbers 1576:Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921) 1491:(judge). In early December, as the 1459:Fatimid invasion of Egypt (914–915) 1116: 1106: 1094: 959:ʿAbd al-Majīd al-Ḥāfiz li-Dīn Allāh 13: 14: 5762: 1831:s on both sides. The chamberlain 5706: 1862:in the west; while pursuing the 1562:arrived at Fustat in April 915. 1043: 935:ʿAlī al-Ẓāhir li-iʿzāz Dīn Allāh 214: 5504:al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi 4118:Benchekroun, Chafik T. (2016). 2206: 1769:tendencies of some of the more 1274:, then ruled by the autonomous 1250:uprisings in Syria against the 1145: 876:Muhammad ibn Ismāʿīl ash-Shākir 5494:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub 5489:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi 2265: 2074:claims to a hereditary imamate 1964:. It then raided the coast of 1889: 1870:, in the north, in Sicily and 1851:Stabilizing the Fatimid empire 954:Manṣūr al-Āmir bi-Aḥkām’il-Lāh 945:Nizār al-Muṣṭafā li-Dīn’il-Lāh 30: 1: 5646:Minbar of the Ibrahimi Mosque 4898:Hilalian invasion of Ifriqiya 4858:Qarmatian invasions (971–974) 4791:Conquest of Aghlabid Ifriqiya 2292: 2245: 2017:Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid 1981:Salim ibn Asad ibn Abi Rashid 1839:, a palace eunuch of Slavic ( 1449:, the capital of Cyrenaica. 1153: 871:Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar al-Mubārak 173:Daughter of Abu'l-Shalaghlagh 5741:10th-century Fatimid caliphs 5459:Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Nasafi 4963:End of the Fatimid Caliphate 2382:, pp. 116–117, 120–122. 2258: 1663:outside Ifriqiya proper was 1408:), gave him the regnal name 1221:for Sa'id, and the title of 1095:أبو القاسم محمد ابن عبد الله 930:Manṣūr al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh 920:Maʿad al-Muʿizz li-Dīn Allāh 905:ʿAbd Allāh al-Mahdī bi'l-Lāh 7: 5449:Ali ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani 4958:Crusader invasions of Egypt 4733:al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah 2281: 2273: 2229: 2137: 2098: 1882: 1876: 1841: 1827: 1821: 1799: 1788: 1685: 1676:repeatedly attack Tahert. 1630: 1622: 1553: 1545: 1528: 1485: 1475:, that had recently sacked 1416: 1410: 1402: 1385: 1379: 1366: 1356: 1284: 1230: 1223: 1217: 1211: 1203: 1184: 940:Maʿad al-Mustanṣir bi'l-Lāh 10: 5767: 5627:Mashhad of Sayyida Ruqayya 5474:Ja'far ibn Mansur al-Yaman 5249:Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Tamimi 5024:Ali ibn Ahmad al-Jarjara'i 4111: 2110:Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Tamimi 2089:ended in a Fatimid rout. 1955:Ya'qub ibn Ishaq al-Tamimi 1929:, while Maysur marched on 1732:Ali ibn Hamdun al-Andalusi 1693:Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Tamimi 1573: 1456: 949:Aḥmad al-Mustāʿlī bi'l-Lāh 653:Hassan Ala Zikrihi's Salam 18: 5704: 5667:Ali ibn Muhammad al-Iyadi 5659: 5551: 5544: 5517: 5427: 5370: 5333: 5324: 5287: 5225: 5122: 5039:Nasir al-Dawla ibn Hamdan 4987: 4978: 4885:Bedouin alliance uprising 4783: 4693: 4574: 4525: 4523:4 March 934 – 17 May 946 4512: 4504: 4497: 4487: 4485:4 March 934 – 17 May 946 4478: 4470: 4465: 4438: 2236: 1695:. Al-Qa'im then moved to 1173:Abd Allah al-Mahdi Billah 1158: 1141:Abd Allah al-Mahdi Billah 683:Nasir al-Din Nasir Hunzai 177: 169: 159: 147: 123: 111: 99: 95: 85: 75: 67: 52: 37: 28: 4508:Abdallah al-Mahdi Billah 4474:Abdallah al-Mahdi Billah 3084:, pp. 184–185, 190. 2804:, pp. 161–162, 182. 2019:eventually took power. 1776: 1570:Second invasion of Egypt 1364:Suppression of the anti- 1182:missionary network, the 1139:, succeeding his father 71:4 March 934 – 17 May 946 5751:Sons of Fatimid caliphs 5660:Literature and learning 5651:Shrine of Husayn's Head 5570:Great Mosque of Mahdiya 5509:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani 5484:Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani 4838:Conquest of Egypt (969) 4429:10.1163/157005888X00332 4351:Jiwa, Shainool (2018). 4234:"al-Mahdī ʿUbayd Allāh" 4166:Brett, Michael (2017). 4145:Brett, Michael (2001). 2116:, one under the eunuch 2003:Third invasion of Egypt 1819:. The public treasury ( 1453:First invasion of Egypt 1424:Campaigns against Egypt 1321:in what is now eastern 925:Nizār al-ʿAzīz biʾllāh, 578:ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani 5639:Al-Salih Tala'i Mosque 5371:Branches and offshoots 5084:Abbas ibn Abi al-Futuh 5029:Abu Muhammad al-Yazuri 4763:al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah 4748:al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah 4718:al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah 4231:Dachraoui, F. (1986). 4185:Dachraoui, F. (1978). 3762:, pp. 50, 51, 57. 1902: 5617:Fatimid Great Palaces 5454:Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i 5269:Anushtakin al-Dizbari 5079:al-Adil ibn al-Sallar 5074:al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi 4903:Mustansirite Hardship 4842:Expansion into Syria 4813:2nd invasion of Egypt 4807:1st invasion of Egypt 4758:al-Zafir bi-Amr Allah 4753:al-Hafiz li-Din Allah 4728:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah 4708:al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah 2370:, pp. 64–66, 68. 2031:in conquering Egypt. 1898:View of the ruins of 1897: 1411:al-qa'im bi-amr Allah 1291:Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i 1112:al-Qāʾim bi-Amr Allāh 963:Abu'l-Qāsim al-Tayyib 638:Queen Arwa al-Sulayhi 573:ibn Faraj ibn Ḥawshab 31:al-Qāʾim bi-Amr Allāh 5069:Ridwan ibn Walakhshi 4968:Battle of the Blacks 4768:al-Adid li-Din Allah 3944:, pp. 272, 274. 3920:, pp. 273, 276. 3568:, pp. 215, 254. 3200:, pp. 238, 241. 3040:, pp. 184, 189. 2601:, pp. 122, 124. 2196:Death and succession 1915:Musa ibn Abi'l-Afiya 1815:, in effect a quasi- 1636:holy cities of Islam 1315:Abu'l-Abbas Muhammad 1293:, had converted the 1199:Muhammad ibn Isma'il 899:(ar-Raḍī ʿAbd Allāh) 759:Palace of Queen Arwa 593:Abu Tahir al-Jannabi 588:Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi 556:Nizari Ismaili state 140:several unknown sons 115:17 May 946 (aged 53) 19:For other uses, see 5687:al-Azhar University 5049:al-Afdal Shahanshah 4880:Muffarij b. Daghfal 4832:Conquest of Morocco 4819:2nd Sicilian revolt 4801:1st Sicilian revolt 4738:al-Mustansir Billah 4049:, pp. 277–278. 4037:, pp. 278–286. 4010:, pp. 59, 229. 3998:, pp. 276–277. 3956:, pp. 274–275. 3908:, pp. 273–274. 3884:, pp. 272–273. 3855:, pp. 269–272. 3843:, pp. 271–272. 3816:, pp. 268–269. 3804:, pp. 459–460. 3774:, pp. 267–268. 3676:, pp. 265–266. 3628:, pp. 253–254. 3597:, pp. 254–255. 3509:, pp. 251–252. 3458:, pp. 137–138. 3345:, pp. 222–224. 3333:, pp. 220–221. 3321:, pp. 247–248. 3297:, pp. 243–244. 3267:, pp. 242–243. 3255:, pp. 252–253. 3224:, pp. 241–242. 3171:, pp. 237–240. 3147:, pp. 192–193. 3123:, pp. 191–192. 3111:, pp. 190–191. 2959:, pp. 186–187. 2947:, pp. 185–186. 2923:, pp. 184–185. 2911:, pp. 183–184. 2753:, pp. 159–160. 2741:, pp. 154–156. 2729:, pp. 148–154. 2705:, pp. 144–145. 2661:, pp. 138–139. 2637:, pp. 134–139. 2625:, pp. 125–132. 2613:, pp. 124–125. 2589:, pp. 115–117. 2565:, pp. 111–114. 2553:, pp. 125–126. 2406:, pp. 122–123. 2035:Revolt of Abu Yazid 1242:Flight to Sijilmasa 658:Rashid ad-Din Sinan 583:ibn Mansur al-Yaman 5692:House of Knowledge 5059:Hasan ibn al-Hafiz 4743:al-Musta'li Billah 4168:The Fatimid Empire 4137:10.4000/remmm.9412 2505:, pp. 99–105. 1903: 1860:Emirate of Córdoba 1560:Mu'nis al-Muzaffar 1120:), was the second 1020:Mufaddal Saifuddin 891:(al-Taqī Muhammad) 815:House of Knowledge 705:Nizārī strongholds 436:Atba-i-Malak Bohra 5718: 5717: 5700: 5699: 5672:al-Qadi al-Nu'man 5540: 5539: 5532:Baghdad Manifesto 5479:al-Qadi al-Nu'man 5464:Abu Hatim al-Razi 5320: 5319: 5159:Sharifs of Medina 5094:Ruzzik ibn Tala'i 5089:Tala'i ibn Ruzzik 5004:Ya'qub ibn Killis 4939:and accession of 4686:Fatimid Caliphate 4652: 4651: 4535: 4534: 4526:Succeeded by 4499:Shia Islam titles 4488:Succeeded by 4386:978-0-367-36690-2 4362:978-1-78453-935-1 4343:978-90-04-30590-8 4321:978-3-406-35497-7 4295:978-0-521-61636-2 4271:978-90-04-07819-2 4177:978-0-7486-4076-8 3750:, pp. 51–52. 3705:, pp. 57–58. 2541:, pp. 91–92. 2529:, pp. 90–91. 2517:, pp. 89–90. 2493:, pp. 29–33. 2481:, pp. 88–89. 2457:, pp. 86–87. 2445:, pp. 83–86. 2418:, pp. 76–82. 2394:, pp. 68–76. 2358:, pp. 28–30. 2334:, pp. 61–62. 2322:, pp. 61–63. 2190:Abd al-Rahman III 2070:Umayyad Caliphate 1913:Berber chieftain 1763:Abu Sa'id al-Dayf 1335:Ziyadat Allah III 1252:Abbasid Caliphate 1084: 1083: 1011:Haatim Zakiyuddin 975:Incumbent leaders 810:Baghdad Manifesto 764:Queen Arwa Mosque 531:Fatimid Caliphate 187: 186: 62:Fatimid Caliphate 5758: 5710: 5549: 5548: 5331: 5330: 5154:Sharifs of Mecca 5123:Vassal dynasties 5064:Bahram al-Armani 4985: 4984: 4931:Siege of Ascalon 4713:al-Mansur Billah 4679: 4672: 4665: 4656: 4655: 4561: 4554: 4547: 4538: 4537: 4529:al-Mansur Billah 4505:Preceded by 4491:al-Mansur Billah 4471:Preceded by 4461: 4454: 4436: 4435: 4432: 4411: 4390: 4366: 4347: 4325: 4299: 4275: 4236: 4227: 4190: 4181: 4162: 4141: 4139: 4106: 4100: 4094: 4088: 4077: 4071: 4062: 4056: 4050: 4044: 4038: 4032: 4026: 4020: 4011: 4005: 3999: 3993: 3984: 3978: 3972: 3966: 3957: 3951: 3945: 3939: 3933: 3927: 3921: 3915: 3909: 3903: 3897: 3891: 3885: 3879: 3873: 3867: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3832: 3826: 3817: 3811: 3805: 3799: 3790: 3784: 3775: 3769: 3763: 3757: 3751: 3745: 3739: 3733: 3727: 3721: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3688: 3677: 3671: 3665: 3659: 3653: 3647: 3641: 3635: 3629: 3623: 3617: 3611: 3598: 3592: 3586: 3580: 3569: 3563: 3557: 3551: 3542: 3536: 3525: 3519: 3510: 3504: 3498: 3495:Benchekroun 2016 3492: 3483: 3477: 3471: 3465: 3459: 3453: 3447: 3441: 3435: 3429: 3423: 3417: 3392: 3386: 3373: 3367: 3361: 3355: 3346: 3340: 3334: 3328: 3322: 3316: 3310: 3304: 3298: 3292: 3283: 3277: 3268: 3262: 3256: 3250: 3244: 3238: 3225: 3219: 3213: 3207: 3201: 3195: 3189: 3183: 3172: 3166: 3160: 3154: 3148: 3142: 3136: 3130: 3124: 3118: 3112: 3106: 3100: 3094: 3085: 3079: 3073: 3067: 3058: 3052: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3010: 3004: 2991: 2985: 2979: 2973: 2960: 2954: 2948: 2942: 2936: 2930: 2924: 2918: 2912: 2906: 2900: 2894: 2883: 2877: 2871: 2865: 2844: 2838: 2829: 2823: 2817: 2811: 2805: 2799: 2793: 2787: 2781: 2775: 2769: 2763: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2718: 2712: 2706: 2700: 2694: 2688: 2679: 2673: 2662: 2656: 2650: 2644: 2638: 2632: 2626: 2620: 2614: 2608: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2584: 2578: 2572: 2566: 2560: 2554: 2548: 2542: 2536: 2530: 2524: 2518: 2512: 2506: 2500: 2494: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2470: 2464: 2458: 2452: 2446: 2440: 2434: 2428: 2419: 2413: 2407: 2401: 2395: 2389: 2383: 2377: 2371: 2365: 2359: 2353: 2347: 2341: 2335: 2329: 2323: 2317: 2311: 2305: 2286: 2284: 2278: 2269: 2232: 2210: 2208: 2202:al-Mansur Billah 2142: 2103: 1927:Emirate of Nekor 1885: 1879: 1868:Byzantine Empire 1846: 1830: 1824: 1802: 1793: 1757:Other activities 1690: 1669:Masala ibn Habus 1633: 1627: 1599:Thamal al-Dulafi 1556: 1550: 1531: 1497:Takin al-Khazari 1490: 1443:Habasa ibn Yusuf 1419: 1413: 1407: 1388: 1382: 1369: 1359: 1299:Aghlabid dynasty 1289: 1233: 1226: 1220: 1214: 1208: 1189: 1149: 1147: 1119: 1118: 1117:القائم بأمر الله 1109: 1108: 1096: 1076: 1069: 1062: 1050:Islam portal 1048: 1047: 1046: 1029:Taher Fakhruddin 994:Musta'li Ismaili 643:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa 551:Hamdanid dynasty 541:Sulayhid dynasty 218: 209: 203: 202: 189: 188: 90:al-Mansur Billah 42: 33: 32: 26: 25: 5766: 5765: 5761: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5756: 5755: 5746:Syrian Ismailis 5721: 5720: 5719: 5714: 5696: 5655: 5632:Portable mihrab 5592:Al-Hakim Mosque 5536: 5519: 5513: 5432:and theologians 5431: 5423: 5366: 5316: 5283: 5233: 5221: 5118: 4991: 4980: 4974: 4779: 4703:al-Mahdi Billah 4689: 4683: 4653: 4648: 4570: 4568:Fatimid Caliphs 4565: 4531: 4522: 4510: 4493: 4484: 4476: 4455: 4453:March/April 893 4449: 4448: 4445:Fatimid dynasty 4441: 4387: 4363: 4344: 4322: 4296: 4280:Daftary, Farhad 4272: 4239:Bosworth, C. E. 4205:Bosworth, C. E. 4178: 4159: 4114: 4109: 4101: 4097: 4089: 4080: 4072: 4065: 4057: 4053: 4045: 4041: 4033: 4029: 4021: 4014: 4006: 4002: 3994: 3987: 3979: 3975: 3967: 3960: 3952: 3948: 3940: 3936: 3928: 3924: 3916: 3912: 3904: 3900: 3892: 3888: 3880: 3876: 3868: 3859: 3851: 3847: 3839: 3835: 3827: 3820: 3812: 3808: 3800: 3793: 3785: 3778: 3770: 3766: 3758: 3754: 3746: 3742: 3734: 3730: 3722: 3709: 3701: 3697: 3689: 3680: 3672: 3668: 3660: 3656: 3648: 3644: 3636: 3632: 3624: 3620: 3612: 3601: 3593: 3589: 3581: 3572: 3564: 3560: 3552: 3545: 3537: 3528: 3520: 3513: 3505: 3501: 3493: 3486: 3478: 3474: 3466: 3462: 3454: 3450: 3446:, p. 1243. 3442: 3438: 3430: 3426: 3418: 3395: 3387: 3376: 3368: 3364: 3356: 3349: 3341: 3337: 3329: 3325: 3317: 3313: 3305: 3301: 3293: 3286: 3278: 3271: 3263: 3259: 3251: 3247: 3239: 3228: 3220: 3216: 3208: 3204: 3196: 3192: 3184: 3175: 3167: 3163: 3155: 3151: 3143: 3139: 3131: 3127: 3119: 3115: 3107: 3103: 3095: 3088: 3080: 3076: 3068: 3061: 3053: 3044: 3036: 3032: 3024: 3013: 3005: 2994: 2986: 2982: 2974: 2963: 2955: 2951: 2943: 2939: 2931: 2927: 2919: 2915: 2907: 2903: 2895: 2886: 2878: 2874: 2866: 2847: 2839: 2832: 2824: 2820: 2812: 2808: 2800: 2796: 2788: 2784: 2776: 2772: 2764: 2757: 2749: 2745: 2737: 2733: 2725: 2721: 2713: 2709: 2701: 2697: 2689: 2682: 2674: 2665: 2657: 2653: 2645: 2641: 2633: 2629: 2621: 2617: 2609: 2605: 2597: 2593: 2585: 2581: 2573: 2569: 2561: 2557: 2549: 2545: 2537: 2533: 2525: 2521: 2513: 2509: 2501: 2497: 2489: 2485: 2477: 2473: 2465: 2461: 2453: 2449: 2441: 2437: 2429: 2422: 2414: 2410: 2402: 2398: 2390: 2386: 2378: 2374: 2366: 2362: 2354: 2350: 2342: 2338: 2330: 2326: 2318: 2314: 2306: 2299: 2295: 2290: 2289: 2270: 2266: 2261: 2248: 2239: 2205: 2198: 2161: 2120:to the area of 2082: 2059:Aurès Mountains 2037: 2005: 1950: 1892: 1853: 1784: 1779: 1759: 1724:Hodna Mountains 1660: 1601:on 12 March at 1578: 1572: 1461: 1455: 1426: 1371: 1331: 1276:Tulunid dynasty 1244: 1161: 1156: 1144: 1126:Fatimid dynasty 1080: 1044: 1042: 1037: 1036: 1035: 1001:Dā'ī al-Mutlaqs 982:Nizārī Ismā'īlī 976: 968: 967: 883:(al-Wāfī Ahmad) 866:Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq 836: 825: 824: 747:Qalaat al-Madiq 678:Dā'ī al-Mutlaqs 546:Zurayid dynasty 513: 457:Sulaymani Bohra 392: 378: 377: 343: 333: 332: 226: 205: 204: 193: 192: 164:al-Mahdi Billah 143: 116: 104: 103:March/April 893 80:al-Mahdi Billah 48: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5764: 5754: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5716: 5715: 5705: 5702: 5701: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5663: 5661: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5642: 5641: 5636: 5635: 5634: 5624: 5622:Juyushi Mosque 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5584: 5579: 5578: 5577: 5572: 5561: 5559: 5546: 5542: 5541: 5538: 5537: 5535: 5534: 5529: 5523: 5521: 5515: 5514: 5512: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5435: 5433: 5425: 5424: 5422: 5421: 5420: 5419: 5414: 5404: 5403: 5402: 5392: 5391: 5390: 5380: 5374: 5372: 5368: 5367: 5365: 5364: 5363: 5362: 5348: 5343: 5337: 5335: 5328: 5322: 5321: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5314: 5309: 5308: 5307: 5302: 5291: 5289: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5240: 5238: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5219: 5209: 5199: 5181: 5171: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5137: 5126: 5124: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5044:Badr al-Jamali 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4995: 4993: 4982: 4976: 4975: 4973: 4972: 4971: 4970: 4960: 4955: 4954: 4953: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4922: 4921: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4889: 4888: 4887: 4882: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861:Struggle with 4859: 4849: 4840: 4835: 4829: 4822: 4816: 4810: 4804: 4798: 4793: 4787: 4785: 4781: 4780: 4778: 4777: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4723:al-Aziz Billah 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4699: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4682: 4681: 4674: 4667: 4659: 4650: 4649: 4647: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4575: 4572: 4571: 4564: 4563: 4556: 4549: 4541: 4533: 4532: 4527: 4524: 4511: 4506: 4502: 4501: 4495: 4494: 4489: 4486: 4481:Fatimid Caliph 4477: 4472: 4468: 4467: 4466:Regnal titles 4463: 4462: 4442: 4439: 4434: 4433: 4423:(2): 186–196. 4412: 4391: 4385: 4367: 4361: 4348: 4342: 4326: 4320: 4300: 4294: 4276: 4270: 4243:van Donzel, E. 4228: 4193:van Donzel, E. 4182: 4176: 4163: 4157: 4142: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4107: 4095: 4093:, p. 458. 4091:Dachraoui 1978 4078: 4063: 4061:, p. 278. 4051: 4039: 4027: 4012: 4000: 3985: 3983:, p. 280. 3973: 3971:, p. 275. 3958: 3946: 3934: 3932:, p. 274. 3922: 3910: 3898: 3896:, p. 273. 3886: 3874: 3872:, p. 272. 3857: 3845: 3833: 3831:, p. 269. 3818: 3806: 3802:Dachraoui 1978 3791: 3789:, p. 268. 3776: 3764: 3752: 3740: 3728: 3707: 3695: 3693:, p. 267. 3678: 3666: 3654: 3652:, p. 318. 3642: 3640:, p. 317. 3630: 3618: 3616:, p. 255. 3599: 3587: 3585:, p. 254. 3570: 3558: 3556:, p. 232. 3543: 3541:, p. 253. 3526: 3524:, p. 252. 3511: 3499: 3484: 3482:, p. 138. 3472: 3470:, p. 316. 3460: 3448: 3444:Dachraoui 1986 3436: 3434:, p. 249. 3424: 3422:, p. 459. 3420:Dachraoui 1978 3393: 3391:, p. 248. 3374: 3372:, p. 247. 3362: 3360:, p. 246. 3347: 3335: 3323: 3311: 3309:, p. 244. 3299: 3284: 3282:, p. 243. 3269: 3257: 3245: 3243:, p. 242. 3226: 3214: 3212:, p. 241. 3202: 3190: 3188:, p. 238. 3173: 3161: 3159:, p. 193. 3149: 3137: 3135:, p. 191. 3125: 3113: 3101: 3099:, p. 190. 3086: 3074: 3072:, p. 191. 3059: 3057:, p. 189. 3042: 3030: 3028:, p. 190. 3011: 3009:, p. 188. 2992: 2990:, p. 141. 2980: 2978:, p. 187. 2961: 2949: 2937: 2935:, p. 185. 2925: 2913: 2901: 2899:, p. 184. 2884: 2882:, p. 166. 2872: 2870:, p. 188. 2845: 2843:, p. 183. 2830: 2828:, p. 182. 2818: 2816:, p. 187. 2806: 2794: 2792:, p. 192. 2782: 2780:, p. 161. 2770: 2768:, p. 160. 2755: 2743: 2731: 2719: 2717:, p. 145. 2707: 2695: 2693:, p. 144. 2680: 2663: 2651: 2649:, p. 128. 2639: 2627: 2615: 2603: 2591: 2579: 2567: 2555: 2543: 2531: 2519: 2507: 2495: 2483: 2471: 2469:, p. 125. 2459: 2447: 2435: 2433:, p. 123. 2420: 2408: 2396: 2384: 2372: 2360: 2348: 2336: 2324: 2312: 2296: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2287: 2263: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2247: 2244: 2238: 2235: 2209: 946–953 2197: 2194: 2166:slave soldiers 2160: 2157: 2081: 2078: 2057:tribes of the 2036: 2033: 2004: 2001: 1994:Khalil retook 1949: 1946: 1923:Maysur al-Fata 1919:Sandal al-Fata 1891: 1888: 1872:southern Italy 1852: 1849: 1833:Ja'far ibn Ali 1813:postal service 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1758: 1755: 1736:Ziri ibn Manad 1659: 1656: 1574:Main article: 1571: 1568: 1501:pontoon bridge 1481:call to prayer 1468:on 27 August. 1457:Main article: 1454: 1451: 1425: 1422: 1370: 1362: 1330: 1327: 1243: 1240: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1148: 909–934 1082: 1081: 1079: 1078: 1071: 1064: 1056: 1053: 1052: 1039: 1038: 1034: 1033: 1032: 1031: 1022: 1013: 991: 978: 977: 974: 973: 970: 969: 966: 965: 956: 951: 942: 937: 932: 927: 922: 917: 912: 907: 902: 894: 886: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 837: 831: 830: 827: 826: 823: 822: 817: 812: 803: 802: 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 766: 761: 750: 749: 744: 743: 742: 737: 732: 727: 722: 717: 712: 702: 697: 686: 685: 680: 675: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 648:Hasan-i Sabbah 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 595: 590: 585: 580: 575: 570: 559: 558: 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 528: 512: 511: 510: 509: 504: 499: 494: 482: 481: 480: 471: 470: 469: 464: 459: 454: 453: 452: 445: 433: 431:Hebtiahs Bohra 428: 427: 426: 397: 395:Branches/sects 393: 384: 383: 380: 379: 376: 375: 370: 365: 360: 355: 350: 344: 339: 338: 335: 334: 331: 330: 325: 320: 315: 310: 305: 300: 295: 294: 293: 288: 283: 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 233: 227: 224: 223: 220: 219: 211: 210: 185: 184: 179: 175: 174: 171: 167: 166: 161: 157: 156: 151: 145: 144: 142: 141: 138: 133: 129: 127: 121: 120: 113: 109: 108: 101: 97: 96: 93: 92: 87: 83: 82: 77: 73: 72: 69: 65: 64: 50: 49: 43: 35: 34: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5763: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5728: 5726: 5713: 5709: 5703: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5658: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5640: 5637: 5633: 5630: 5629: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5589: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5567: 5566: 5563: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5547: 5543: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5524: 5522: 5516: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5439:Hamdan Qarmat 5437: 5436: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5409: 5408: 5405: 5401: 5398: 5397: 5396: 5393: 5389: 5388:Hamza ibn Ali 5386: 5385: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5375: 5373: 5369: 5361: 5357: 5354: 5353: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5338: 5336: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5323: 5313: 5310: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5297: 5296: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5286: 5280: 5279:Qadi al-Fadil 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5217: 5213: 5210: 5207: 5203: 5200: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5182: 5179: 5175: 5172: 5169: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5138: 5135: 5131: 5128: 5127: 5125: 5121: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4983: 4977: 4969: 4966: 4965: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4951: 4947: 4944: 4943: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4926:First Crusade 4924: 4919: 4915: 4912: 4911: 4910: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878:Uprisings of 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4864: 4860: 4857: 4853: 4850: 4847: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4833: 4830: 4827: 4824:Rebellion of 4823: 4820: 4817: 4814: 4811: 4808: 4805: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4796:Establishment 4794: 4792: 4789: 4788: 4786: 4782: 4776: 4775: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4696: 4692: 4687: 4680: 4675: 4673: 4668: 4666: 4661: 4660: 4657: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4576: 4573: 4569: 4562: 4557: 4555: 4550: 4548: 4543: 4542: 4539: 4530: 4521: 4520: 4516: 4509: 4503: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4483: 4482: 4475: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4452: 4447: 4446: 4437: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4392: 4388: 4382: 4378: 4377: 4372: 4371:Kennedy, Hugh 4368: 4364: 4358: 4354: 4349: 4345: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4291: 4287: 4286: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4257: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4235: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4211: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4189: 4183: 4179: 4173: 4169: 4164: 4160: 4154: 4150: 4149: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4129: 4126:(in French). 4125: 4121: 4116: 4115: 4105:, p. 55. 4104: 4099: 4092: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4076:, p. 99. 4075: 4070: 4068: 4060: 4055: 4048: 4043: 4036: 4031: 4025:, p. 59. 4024: 4019: 4017: 4009: 4004: 3997: 3992: 3990: 3982: 3977: 3970: 3965: 3963: 3955: 3950: 3943: 3938: 3931: 3926: 3919: 3914: 3907: 3902: 3895: 3890: 3883: 3878: 3871: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3854: 3849: 3842: 3837: 3830: 3825: 3823: 3815: 3810: 3803: 3798: 3796: 3788: 3783: 3781: 3773: 3768: 3761: 3756: 3749: 3744: 3738:, p. 51. 3737: 3732: 3726:, p. 58. 3725: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3704: 3699: 3692: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3675: 3670: 3664:, p. 57. 3663: 3658: 3651: 3646: 3639: 3634: 3627: 3622: 3615: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3596: 3591: 3584: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3567: 3562: 3555: 3550: 3548: 3540: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3523: 3518: 3516: 3508: 3503: 3496: 3491: 3489: 3481: 3476: 3469: 3464: 3457: 3452: 3445: 3440: 3433: 3428: 3421: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3390: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3371: 3366: 3359: 3354: 3352: 3344: 3339: 3332: 3327: 3320: 3315: 3308: 3303: 3296: 3291: 3289: 3281: 3276: 3274: 3266: 3261: 3254: 3249: 3242: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3223: 3218: 3211: 3206: 3199: 3194: 3187: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3170: 3165: 3158: 3153: 3146: 3141: 3134: 3129: 3122: 3117: 3110: 3105: 3098: 3093: 3091: 3083: 3078: 3071: 3066: 3064: 3056: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3039: 3034: 3027: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3008: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2989: 2984: 2977: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2958: 2953: 2946: 2941: 2934: 2929: 2922: 2917: 2910: 2905: 2898: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2881: 2876: 2869: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2842: 2837: 2835: 2827: 2822: 2815: 2810: 2803: 2798: 2791: 2786: 2779: 2774: 2767: 2762: 2760: 2752: 2747: 2740: 2735: 2728: 2723: 2716: 2711: 2704: 2699: 2692: 2687: 2685: 2678:, p. 35. 2677: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2660: 2655: 2648: 2643: 2636: 2631: 2624: 2619: 2612: 2607: 2600: 2595: 2588: 2583: 2577:, p. 34. 2576: 2571: 2564: 2559: 2552: 2547: 2540: 2535: 2528: 2523: 2516: 2511: 2504: 2499: 2492: 2487: 2480: 2475: 2468: 2463: 2456: 2451: 2444: 2439: 2432: 2427: 2425: 2417: 2412: 2405: 2400: 2393: 2388: 2381: 2376: 2369: 2364: 2357: 2352: 2346:, p. 18. 2345: 2340: 2333: 2328: 2321: 2316: 2310:, p. 63. 2309: 2304: 2302: 2297: 2283: 2277: 2276: 2268: 2264: 2256: 2252: 2243: 2234: 2231: 2224: 2222: 2218: 2217:Michael Brett 2214: 2203: 2193: 2191: 2185: 2182: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2167: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2145: 2141: 2140: 2134: 2130: 2125: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2102: 2101: 2095: 2090: 2088: 2077: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2066:Berber Revolt 2062: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2045: 2041: 2032: 2030: 2024: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2000: 1997: 1992: 1988: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1956: 1945: 1943: 1938: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1901: 1896: 1887: 1884: 1878: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1858: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1838: 1834: 1829: 1823: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1805: 1801: 1795: 1792: 1791: 1774: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1754: 1750: 1748: 1747:Zab Mountains 1743: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1722:tribe in the 1721: 1716: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1689: 1688: 1682: 1677: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1655: 1653: 1647: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1626: 1625: 1618: 1616: 1615:al-Ushmuniyya 1612: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1595:Fatimid fleet 1592: 1588: 1582: 1577: 1567: 1563: 1561: 1555: 1549: 1548: 1540: 1538: 1533: 1530: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1512:horse-archers 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1488: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1469: 1467: 1460: 1450: 1448: 1444: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1421: 1418: 1412: 1406: 1405: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1387: 1381: 1375: 1368: 1361: 1358: 1352: 1346: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1287: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1264: 1262: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1239: 1237: 1232: 1225: 1219: 1213: 1207: 1206: 1200: 1196: 1193: 1188: 1187: 1181: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1151: 1142: 1138: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1113: 1103: 1100: 1092: 1088: 1077: 1072: 1070: 1065: 1063: 1058: 1057: 1055: 1054: 1051: 1041: 1040: 1030: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1016:Dawoodi Bohra 1014: 1012: 1008: 1005: 1004: 1002: 999: 995: 992: 990: 986: 983: 980: 979: 972: 971: 964: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 913: 911: 908: 906: 903: 901: 900: 895: 893: 892: 887: 885: 884: 879: 877: 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 838: 835: 829: 828: 821: 818: 816: 813: 811: 807: 804: 800: 797: 795: 794:Jama'at Khana 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 771: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 756: 755: 754: 748: 745: 741: 738: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 716: 713: 711: 708: 707: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 692: 691: 690: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 629: 628:Nasir Khusraw 626: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 568:Hamdan Qarmat 566: 565: 564: 563: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 523: 520: 519: 518: 517: 508: 505: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 489: 488: 487: 483: 479: 478: 477: 472: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 451: 450: 446: 444: 443: 439: 438: 437: 434: 432: 429: 425: 424: 420: 419: 418: 417:Dawoodi Bohra 415: 414: 413: 412: 411: 406: 405: 404: 403: 399: 398: 396: 391: 387: 382: 381: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 345: 342: 341:Seven Pillars 337: 336: 329: 326: 324: 323:Reincarnation 321: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 292: 289: 287: 284: 282: 279: 278: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 232: 229: 228: 222: 221: 217: 213: 212: 208: 201: 197: 191: 190: 183: 180: 176: 172: 168: 165: 162: 158: 155: 152: 150: 146: 139: 137: 134: 131: 130: 128: 126: 122: 119: 114: 110: 107: 102: 98: 94: 91: 88: 84: 81: 78: 74: 70: 66: 63: 59: 55: 51: 46: 41: 36: 27: 22: 5682:al-Musabbihi 5602:Bab al-Futuh 5597:Aqmar Mosque 5557:architecture 5518:Anti-Fatimid 5429:Missionaries 5312:Fatimid navy 5295:Fatimid army 5019:Sitt al-Mulk 4981:and military 4846:Alexandretta 4772: 4707: 4695:Imam-Caliphs 4614:al-Mustansir 4583: 4513: 4479: 4457: 4450: 4443: 4420: 4416: 4399: 4395: 4375: 4352: 4333: 4311: 4307: 4284: 4261: 4254: 4215: 4208: 4167: 4147: 4127: 4123: 4098: 4054: 4042: 4030: 4003: 3976: 3949: 3937: 3925: 3913: 3901: 3889: 3877: 3848: 3836: 3809: 3767: 3755: 3743: 3731: 3698: 3669: 3657: 3650:Kennedy 2023 3645: 3638:Kennedy 2023 3633: 3621: 3590: 3561: 3502: 3475: 3468:Kennedy 2023 3463: 3456:Daftary 2007 3451: 3439: 3427: 3365: 3338: 3326: 3314: 3302: 3260: 3248: 3217: 3205: 3193: 3164: 3152: 3140: 3128: 3116: 3104: 3077: 3033: 2983: 2952: 2940: 2928: 2916: 2904: 2875: 2821: 2809: 2797: 2785: 2773: 2746: 2734: 2722: 2710: 2698: 2654: 2647:Daftary 2007 2642: 2630: 2618: 2606: 2594: 2582: 2570: 2558: 2551:Daftary 2007 2546: 2534: 2522: 2510: 2498: 2486: 2474: 2467:Daftary 2007 2462: 2450: 2438: 2431:Daftary 2007 2411: 2404:Daftary 2007 2399: 2387: 2380:Daftary 2007 2375: 2363: 2351: 2339: 2327: 2315: 2267: 2253: 2249: 2240: 2225: 2199: 2186: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2162: 2146: 2126: 2108:, one under 2091: 2083: 2068:against the 2063: 2038: 2025: 2021: 2006: 1993: 1989: 1974: 1960:the city of 1951: 1939: 1904: 1854: 1806: 1796: 1785: 1760: 1751: 1744: 1717: 1678: 1661: 1648: 1619: 1607: 1583: 1579: 1564: 1541: 1537:Fayyum Oasis 1534: 1505:Rawda Island 1470: 1462: 1427: 1399: 1376: 1372: 1347: 1332: 1309:and eastern 1265: 1245: 1177: 1162: 1128:, ruling in 1111: 1101: 1086: 1085: 909: 898: 890: 882: 881:ʿAbad Allāh 774:Constitution 752: 751: 688: 687: 663:Pir Sadardin 623:al-Naysaburi 608:al-Sijistani 561: 560: 515: 514: 484: 474: 473: 447: 440: 421: 408: 407: 400: 394: 5612:Bab Zuweila 5607:Bab al-Nasr 5575:Skifa Kahla 5527:Akhu Muhsin 5444:Ibn Hawshab 5351:Esotericism 5274:al-Basasiri 4992:and regents 4619:al-Musta'li 4402:: 220–252. 4330:Halm, Heinz 4304:Halm, Heinz 4251:Pellat, Ch. 4201:Pellat, Ch. 2147:The mostly 2009:al-Muqtadir 1890:The Maghreb 1822:bayt al-mal 1611:Upper Egypt 1532:in Fustat. 1493:Nile floods 1404:wali al-ahd 1395:Constantine 1301:that ruled 1099:regnal name 1025:Qutbi Bohra 1007:Alavi Bohra 989:Aga Khan IV 467:Qutbi Bohra 462:Alavi Bohra 423:Progressive 76:Predecessor 47:of al-Qa'im 5736:946 deaths 5731:893 births 5725:Categories 5469:Abu Tammam 5378:Qarmatians 5326:Isma'ilism 5264:Manjutakin 4979:Government 4935:Regime of 4907:Revolt of 4891:Revolt of 4519:Isma'ilism 4460:17 May 946 4214:Volume IV: 4188:"al-Ḳāʾim" 4158:9004117415 4103:Brett 2017 4023:Brett 2017 4008:Brett 2017 3760:Brett 2017 3748:Brett 2017 3736:Brett 2017 3724:Brett 2017 3703:Brett 2017 3662:Brett 2017 2988:Brett 2001 2676:Brett 2017 2575:Brett 2017 2491:Brett 2017 2344:Brett 2017 2293:References 2246:Assessment 2213:Heinz Halm 1767:antinomian 1524:Heinz Halm 1466:Alexandria 1236:Qarmatians 1154:Early life 779:Delegation 735:Maymun-Diz 618:al-Shirazi 613:al-Kirmani 598:Qadi Numan 497:Qarmatians 386:Musta'lism 373:Pilgrimage 313:Numerology 207:Isma'ilism 182:Isma'ilism 45:Gold dinar 5582:Mansuriya 5400:Assassins 5334:Doctrines 5231:governors 5227:Officials 5202:Banu Kanz 5188:Hamdanids 5184:Sulayhids 5174:Mirdasids 5168:Palestine 5164:Jarrahids 5144:Hammadids 5009:Ibn Ammar 4893:Abu Rakwa 4865:(974–978) 4834:(958–960) 4828:(943–947) 4826:Abu Yazid 4821:(937–941) 4815:(919–921) 4809:(914–915) 4803:(913–917) 4594:al-Mu'izz 4589:al-Mansur 4408:0378-2506 4396:Byzantion 4260:Volume V: 4247:Lewis, B. 4224:758278456 4197:Lewis, B. 4130:: 29–50. 4074:Halm 2015 4059:Halm 1991 4047:Halm 1991 4035:Halm 1991 3996:Halm 1991 3981:Halm 1991 3969:Halm 1991 3954:Halm 1991 3942:Halm 1991 3930:Halm 1991 3918:Halm 1991 3906:Halm 1991 3894:Halm 1991 3882:Halm 1991 3870:Halm 1991 3853:Halm 1991 3841:Halm 1991 3829:Halm 1991 3814:Halm 1991 3787:Halm 1991 3772:Halm 1991 3691:Halm 1991 3674:Halm 1991 3626:Halm 1991 3614:Halm 1991 3595:Halm 1991 3583:Halm 1991 3566:Halm 1991 3539:Halm 1991 3522:Halm 1991 3507:Halm 1991 3480:Halm 1991 3432:Halm 1991 3389:Halm 1991 3370:Halm 1991 3358:Halm 1991 3343:Halm 1991 3331:Halm 1991 3319:Halm 1991 3307:Halm 1991 3295:Halm 1991 3280:Halm 1991 3265:Halm 1991 3253:Halm 1991 3241:Halm 1991 3222:Halm 1991 3210:Halm 1991 3198:Halm 1991 3186:Halm 1991 3169:Halm 1991 3157:Halm 1991 3145:Halm 1991 3121:Halm 1991 3109:Halm 1991 3097:Halm 1991 3082:Halm 1991 3070:Halm 1991 3055:Halm 1991 3038:Halm 1991 3007:Halm 1991 2976:Halm 1991 2957:Halm 1991 2945:Halm 1991 2933:Halm 1991 2921:Halm 1991 2909:Halm 1991 2897:Halm 1991 2880:Halm 1991 2841:Halm 1991 2826:Halm 1991 2802:Halm 1991 2778:Halm 1991 2766:Halm 1991 2751:Halm 1991 2739:Halm 1991 2727:Halm 1991 2715:Halm 1991 2703:Halm 1991 2691:Halm 1991 2659:Halm 1991 2635:Halm 1991 2623:Halm 1991 2611:Halm 1991 2599:Halm 1991 2587:Halm 1991 2563:Halm 1991 2539:Halm 1991 2527:Halm 1991 2515:Halm 1991 2503:Halm 1991 2479:Halm 1991 2455:Halm 1991 2443:Halm 1991 2416:Halm 1991 2392:Halm 1991 2368:Halm 1991 2356:Halm 1991 2332:Halm 1991 2320:Halm 1991 2308:Halm 1991 2259:Footnotes 2230:al-Mansur 2131:and then 2047:Kharijite 2040:Abu Yazid 2029:succeeded 1977:Agrigento 1771:extremist 1319:Sijilmasa 1201:, as the 1169:Salamiyah 915:al-Manṣūr 856:al-Sajjad 789:Holy Du'a 668:Aga Khans 603:al-Nasafi 524:state of 522:Qarmatian 502:Assassins 236:Batiniyya 86:Successor 5520:movement 5499:Abdallah 5407:Musta'li 5288:Military 5236:generals 5192:Zurayids 5148:Ifriqiya 5054:Kutayfat 5014:Barjawan 4941:al-Hafiz 4937:Kutayfat 4914:Musta'li 4863:Alptakin 4639:al-Fa'iz 4634:al-Zafir 4629:al-Hafiz 4609:al-Zahir 4604:al-Hakim 4584:al-Qa'im 4579:al-Mahdi 4440:al-Qa'im 4373:(2023). 4306:(1991). 4282:(2007). 4262:Khe–Mahi 4253:(eds.). 4216:Iran–Kha 4207:(eds.). 3554:Lev 1984 3133:Lev 1988 3026:Lev 1988 2868:Lev 1988 2814:Lev 1988 2790:Lev 1988 2114:Kairouan 1970:Sardinia 1935:Idrisids 1864:holy war 1843:Saqaliba 1671:, was a 1589:vizier, 1339:Kairouan 1305:(modern 1303:Ifriqiya 1261:defeated 1180:Isma'ili 1167:town of 1134:Isma'ili 1130:Ifriqiya 1102:al-Qāʾim 910:al-Qāʾim 861:al-Baqir 715:Atashgah 507:Satpanth 492:Seveners 402:Musta'li 390:Nizarism 318:Theology 225:Concepts 196:a series 194:Part of 178:Religion 132:al-Qasim 106:Salamiya 21:al-Qa'im 5565:Mahdiya 5545:Culture 5412:Tayyibi 5341:Imamate 5305:Ghilman 5130:Kalbids 5114:Saladin 5109:Shirkuh 5104:Dirgham 4999:Jawdhar 4989:Viziers 4950:Tayyibi 4784:History 4774:Dynasty 4644:al-Adid 4624:al-Amir 4599:al-Aziz 4417:Arabica 4112:Sources 2106:Raqqada 2094:Laribus 2055:Hawwara 1985:Palermo 1966:Corsica 1911:Miknasa 1907:Morocco 1857:Umayyad 1837:Jawdhar 1740:Sanhaja 1701:Hawwara 1697:Baghaya 1673:Miknasa 1652:Illahun 1587:Tulunid 1547:khutbah 1516:lancers 1438:Hawwara 1434:Tripoli 1351:Raqqada 1343:Raqqada 1323:Morocco 1311:Algeria 1307:Tunisia 1280:Maghreb 1248:Bedouin 1124:of the 998:Taiyabi 897:Ḥusayn 834:leaders 806:Abbasid 740:Rudkhan 725:Lambsar 720:Gerdkuh 710:Alamut 700:Anjudan 689:Centers 633:Pamiris 526:Bahrayn 410:Tayyibi 368:Fasting 363:Charity 348:Walayah 246:Imamate 154:Fatimid 136:Isma'il 118:Mahdiya 60:of the 5417:Hafizi 5395:Nizari 5300:Kutama 5259:Bakjur 5254:Jawhar 5216:Multan 5190:, and 5178:Aleppo 5140:Zirids 5134:Sicily 5099:Shawar 4952:schism 4946:Hafizi 4920:schism 4918:Nizari 4874:Apamea 4869:Aleppo 4688:topics 4456: 4406: 4383: 4359: 4340: 4318: 4292: 4268: 4249:& 4222: 4203:& 4174: 4155: 2237:Family 2149:Maliki 2133:Sousse 2118:Bushra 2087:Dougga 2051:Tozeur 1996:Mazara 1958:sacked 1817:vizier 1720:Kiyana 1707:, and 1705:Sadina 1665:Tahert 1644:Medina 1603:Abukir 1509:Turkic 1473:Sicily 1383:, new 1295:Kutama 1268:Fustat 1192:hidden 1165:Syrian 1159:Origin 1122:caliph 1107:القائم 1091:Arabic 889:Ahmad 851:Husayn 832:Early 799:Qiyama 784:Ginans 769:Nizārī 730:Masyaf 673:Khojas 562:People 536:Multan 516:States 486:Nizari 476:Hafizi 358:Prayer 353:Purity 328:Titles 303:Taqiya 241:Ta'wil 170:Mother 160:Father 58:Caliph 5712:Media 5587:Cairo 5383:Druze 5360:Zahir 5356:Batin 5346:Hujja 5206:Nubia 5196:Yemen 5034:Rasad 4909:Nizar 4848:(971) 4458:Died: 4451:Born: 4310:[ 4237:. In 4191:. In 2282:mahdi 2275:qa'im 2221:harem 2152:Sunni 2129:Tunis 2044:Ibadi 1962:Genoa 1942:Achir 1900:Achir 1883:da'wa 1877:dawla 1777:Reign 1728:Msila 1713:Sétif 1709:Ajisa 1681:Yasal 1640:Mecca 1631:da'wa 1520:Copts 1447:Barqa 1417:mahdi 1380:mahdi 1367:mahdi 1357:mahdi 1272:Egypt 1256:Ramla 1231:mahdi 1224:qa'im 1218:mahdi 1212:da'wa 1205:mahdi 1186:da'wa 1110:) or 846:Hasan 820:Women 753:Other 695:Cairo 449:Vakil 442:Badar 291:Hujja 276:Daʿwa 256:Bātin 251:Ẓāhir 231:Quran 200:Islam 149:House 125:Issue 68:Reign 5555:and 5358:and 5234:and 5212:Lodi 5142:and 4854:and 4515:Imam 4404:ISSN 4381:ISBN 4357:ISBN 4338:ISBN 4316:ISBN 4290:ISBN 4266:ISBN 4220:OCLC 4172:ISBN 4153:ISBN 2215:and 2181:Béja 2139:qadi 2122:Béja 2100:aman 2013:Iraq 1968:and 1921:and 1828:da'i 1800:da'i 1790:nass 1687:jund 1642:and 1624:aman 1554:aman 1529:da'i 1487:qadi 1477:Sfax 1430:Iraq 1393:and 1391:Mila 1386:da'i 1286:da'i 1195:imam 1137:Imam 985:Imām 388:and 298:Satr 281:Dāʿī 271:ʿIlm 266:'Aql 112:Died 100:Born 54:Imam 5553:Art 4856:2nd 4852:1st 4517:of 4425:doi 4132:doi 4128:139 2168:. 1931:Fes 1605:. 1503:to 1270:in 1238:". 1150:). 841:Ali 308:Pīr 286:Bāb 261:Nūr 198:on 5727:: 5229:, 5186:, 4421:35 4419:. 4400:54 4398:. 4258:. 4245:; 4241:; 4212:. 4199:; 4195:; 4122:. 4081:^ 4066:^ 4015:^ 3988:^ 3961:^ 3860:^ 3821:^ 3794:^ 3779:^ 3710:^ 3681:^ 3602:^ 3573:^ 3546:^ 3529:^ 3514:^ 3487:^ 3396:^ 3377:^ 3350:^ 3287:^ 3272:^ 3229:^ 3176:^ 3089:^ 3062:^ 3045:^ 3014:^ 2995:^ 2964:^ 2887:^ 2848:^ 2833:^ 2758:^ 2683:^ 2666:^ 2423:^ 2300:^ 2223:. 2207:r. 2061:. 1703:, 1638:, 1197:, 1146:r. 1093:: 1027:: 1018:: 1009:: 1003:: 987:: 961:/ 947:/ 5218:) 5214:( 5208:) 5204:( 5198:) 5194:( 5180:) 5176:( 5170:) 5166:( 5150:) 5146:( 5136:) 5132:( 4948:– 4916:– 4678:e 4671:t 4664:v 4560:e 4553:t 4546:v 4431:. 4427:: 4410:. 4389:. 4365:. 4346:. 4324:. 4298:. 4274:. 4226:. 4180:. 4161:. 4140:. 4134:: 3497:. 2285:. 2204:( 1543:( 1143:( 1114:( 1104:( 1089:( 1075:e 1068:t 1061:v 996:- 808:- 56:– 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index