523:
591:
344:
41:
335:
544:
353:
482:
422:
59:
2290:
552:: 122 cm (4 ft) tall, weighing 22–37 kg (48.5–82 lb), the adult has deep black dorsal feathers, covering: the head, chin, throat, back, dorsal part of the flippers and tail. The underparts of the wings and belly are white, becoming pale yellow in the upper breast, and ear patches are bright yellow. The upper mandible is black and the lower mandible can be pink, orange or lilac. Males and females are similar in size and coloration.
1802:
879:
165:
490:: 90 cm (3 ft) tall, weighing 11 to 16 kg (24 to 35 lb), The upper parts are steel blue-grey, darkening to black on the head, the belly is white fading to orange on the upper breast with bright orange ear patches. The black bill is long and slender. The lower mandible bears a striking pink or orange-coloured mandibular plate
325:
to be basal to all other living penguins, that is, the genus split off from a branch which led to all other species. DNA evidence suggests this split occurred around 40 million years ago. This had been foreshadowed by an attempt to classify penguins by their behavior, which also predicted the genus'
540:
Circumpolar distribution in the
Antarctic between the 66° and 77° S. It almost always breeds on stable pack ice near the coast and wander up to 18 km (11 mi) offshore.
662:
365:, where over 30 colonies of king penguin reside. An important cause for reproductive failure in some penguin species is mistiming between parents for incubation relief.
854:
361:
The egg of a king penguin (10 cm, c. 300 g) and that of an emperor penguin (11.1–12.7 cm, 345–515 g). At right a king penguin pair is changing the egg guard at
1620:
2146:
1689:
1293:
2473:
1908:
1761:
1696:
1446:
1353:
2570:
2229:
2177:
2000:
1973:
1963:
1894:
1413:
1393:
1343:
1189:
2024:
1917:
1843:
1599:
2565:
1990:
1864:
2434:
2460:
2041:
672:
646:
619:
2465:
846:
522:
1167:
912:
2522:
1182:
2478:
883:
2382:
2369:
1175:
1140:
1135:
612:
Checklist of the Birds of New
Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica
2387:
58:
2527:
2488:
783:
Jouventin P (1982). "Visual and vocal signals in penguins, their evolution and adaptive characters".
1036:
736:"Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling"
567:
429:
188:
177:
154:
805:
2514:
2309:
2289:
905:
362:
40:
636:
2509:
2347:
1130:
505:
391:
137:
2501:
2555:
2550:
2408:
2356:
530:
463:
199:
8:
1197:
1093:
294:
209:
1801:
590:
1590:
1244:
1058:
760:
735:
716:
53:
2560:
2496:
2395:
1931:
1819:
1675:
1536:
1120:
1068:
1004:
898:
765:
711:
694:
642:
615:
2361:
999:
720:
543:
2400:
2374:
1606:
1556:
1155:
1150:
1063:
935:
755:
747:
706:
475:
471:
421:
1651:
1516:
1110:
1098:
1073:
978:
931:
481:
318:
285:
2260:
2243:
2120:
1878:
1661:
1636:
1125:
1048:
1030:
1009:
667:
2544:
2332:
1710:
1576:
1456:
1145:
252:
343:
2219:
2100:
2075:
2031:
1940:
1887:
1728:
1682:
1668:
1526:
1424:
1383:
973:
769:
751:
264:
146:
831:
2447:
2341:
2274:
2236:
2212:
2198:
2160:
2089:
2052:
2007:
1951:
1853:
1717:
1703:
1629:
1436:
1373:
1333:
1283:
692:
352:
2439:
2250:
2205:
2129:
2109:
2014:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1566:
1546:
1363:
1238:
1084:
989:
467:
302:
2421:
2191:
2082:
1751:
1476:
1207:
1020:
334:
70:
2452:
2303:
844:
2426:
2326:
2267:
2184:
2153:
2068:
2061:
1980:
1744:
1496:
1323:
1313:
1226:
695:"The phylogeny of the living and fossil Sphenisciformes (penguins)"
310:
90:
30:
2413:
2167:
2136:
1506:
1403:
1259:
1199:
953:
921:
832:"Zoological Nomenclature Resource: Ciconiiformes (Version 9.004)"
240:
236:
120:
110:
1486:
1466:
1303:
1220:
1203:
878:
306:
80:
164:
945:
227:
1232:
890:
614:(Fourth ed.). Wellington: Te PaPa Press. p. 330.
100:
733:
693:
Ksepka, D. T. B.; Sara
Giannini; Norberto P. (2006).
2256:
2225:
2173:
2142:
2037:
2020:
1996:
1986:
1969:
1959:
1928:
1905:
1875:
1860:
1849:
1839:
1757:
1647:
1617:
1587:
1572:
1562:
1552:
1542:
1532:
1522:
1512:
1502:
1492:
1482:
1472:
1462:
1452:
1442:
1432:
1409:
1399:
1389:
1379:
1369:
1359:
1349:
1339:
1329:
1319:
1309:
1299:
1289:
1279:
734:Baker AJ, Pereira SL, Haddrath OP, Edge KA (2006).
641:. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. p. 283.
466:between 45° and 55° S at the northern reaches of
255:elements, "ἀ-πτηνο-δύτης" (without-wings-diver).
2542:
812:. SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment, Inc. 2020
938:: Spheniscidae · subfamily: Spheniscinae)
1183:
906:
243:collectively known as "the great penguins".
782:
1190:
1176:
913:
899:
845:University of Michigan Museum of Zoology.
609:
478:and other temperate islands of the region.
163:
39:
759:
710:
251:The name "Aptenodytes" is a composite of
634:
589:
824:
628:
2543:
2308:
2307:
1818:
1817:
1257:
1171:
894:
857:from the original on 23 December 2007
800:
798:
413:IUCN status and estimated population
2489:80a18cde-61ee-488e-8eab-f1b86e2f49e4
2571:Taxa named by John Frederick Miller
1258:
449:Aptenodytes patagonicus patagonicus
376:Two monotypic species are extant:
274:Aptenodytes patagonicus patagonicus
13:
838:
795:
14:
2582:
2566:Extant Pliocene first appearances
872:
2288:
1800:
877:
712:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2006.00116.x
542:
521:
480:
420:
351:
342:
333:
57:
834:. www.zoonomen.net. 2008-07-05.
663:"British Museum - King penguin"
404:Scientific name and subspecies
776:
727:
686:
655:
603:
1:
585:
454:Aptenodytes patagonicus halli
279:Aptenodytes patagonicus halli
1039:(or northern little penguin)
920:
671:. 2008-08-05. Archived from
246:
7:
1141:Northern rockhopper penguin
1136:Southern rockhopper penguin
317:Combined morphological and
258:
10:
2587:
371:
48:Emperor penguins swimming
2316:
2286:
2119:
2099:
2051:
1950:
1927:
1904:
1874:
1830:
1826:
1813:
1798:
1727:
1646:
1616:
1586:
1423:
1270:
1266:
1253:
1215:
1108:
1082:
1046:
1018:
987:
961:
943:
934:: Sphenisciformes ·
928:
518:
417:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
171:
162:
152:
145:
54:Scientific classification
52:
47:
38:
23:
1210:and their extinct allies
1033:(or little blue penguin)
806:"Penguins: Reproduction"
638:The Great Penguin Rescue
1037:White-flippered penguin
993:(brush-tailed penguins)
635:DeNapoli, Dyan (2010).
595:Aptenodytes patagonicus
430:Aptenodytes patagonicus
309:bones of Early or Late
269:Aptenodytes patagonicus
189:Aptenodytes patagonicus
155:Aptenodytes patagonicus
752:10.1098/rspb.2005.3260
598:
2510:Paleobiology Database
1131:Erect-crested penguin
888:at Wikimedia Commons
593:
321:have shown the genus
849:Aptenodytes forsteri
531:Aptenodytes forsteri
464:subantarctic islands
363:South Georgia Island
290:Aptenodytes forsteri
235:contains two extant
200:Aptenodytes forsteri
1591:Palaeospheniscinae
1094:Yellow-eyed penguin
610:Gill, B.J. (2010).
397:
305:species known from
299:Aptenodytes ridgeni
210:Aptenodytes ridgeni
1245:Austrodyptornithes
1114:(crested penguins)
1059:Magellanic penguin
599:
597:, the king penguin
382:
2538:
2537:
2497:Open Tree of Life
2310:Taxon identifiers
2301:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2284:
2283:
1932:Tytthostonychidae
1820:Procellariiformes
1809:
1808:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1676:Archaeospheniscus
1537:Palaeoapterodytes
1165:
1164:
1121:Fiordland penguin
1069:Galapagos penguin
1052:(banded penguins)
1024:(little penguins)
1005:Chinstrap penguin
882:Media related to
675:on August 5, 2008
648:978-1-4391-4817-4
621:978-1-877385-59-9
580:
579:
537:
436:
410:Size and ecology
395:
224:
223:
141:
2578:
2531:
2530:
2518:
2517:
2505:
2504:
2492:
2491:
2482:
2481:
2469:
2468:
2456:
2455:
2443:
2442:
2430:
2429:
2417:
2416:
2404:
2403:
2391:
2390:
2378:
2377:
2365:
2364:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2305:
2304:
2292:
2258:
2227:
2175:
2144:
2039:
2022:
1998:
1988:
1971:
1961:
1930:
1907:
1877:
1862:
1851:
1841:
1828:
1827:
1815:
1814:
1804:
1759:
1649:
1621:Paraptenodytinae
1619:
1607:Palaeospheniscus
1589:
1584:
1583:
1574:
1564:
1557:Pseudaptenodytes
1554:
1544:
1534:
1524:
1514:
1504:
1494:
1484:
1474:
1464:
1454:
1444:
1434:
1411:
1401:
1391:
1381:
1371:
1361:
1351:
1341:
1331:
1321:
1311:
1301:
1291:
1281:
1268:
1267:
1255:
1254:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1169:
1168:
1151:Macaroni penguin
1064:Humboldt penguin
967:(great penguins)
915:
908:
901:
892:
891:
881:
866:
865:
863:
862:
842:
836:
835:
828:
822:
821:
819:
817:
802:
793:
792:
780:
774:
773:
763:
731:
725:
724:
714:
690:
684:
683:
681:
680:
659:
653:
652:
632:
626:
625:
607:
571:
546:
535:
525:
519:Emperor penguin
509:
484:
476:Falkland Islands
472:Tierra del Fuego
435:Miller, JF, 1778
434:
424:
398:
390:
381:
355:
346:
337:
295:Ridgen's penguin
219:breeding grounds
218:
207:
197:
186:
175:
167:
136:
62:
61:
43:
29:Temporal range:
21:
20:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2526:
2521:
2513:
2508:
2500:
2495:
2487:
2485:
2477:
2472:
2464:
2459:
2451:
2446:
2438:
2433:
2425:
2420:
2412:
2407:
2399:
2394:
2386:
2381:
2373:
2368:
2360:
2355:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2312:
2302:
2293:
2280:
2115:
2095:
2047:
1946:
1923:
1900:
1870:
1822:
1805:
1788:
1723:
1652:Palaeeudyptinae
1642:
1612:
1582:
1517:Marambiornopsis
1419:
1262:
1260:Sphenisciformes
1249:
1211:
1196:
1166:
1161:
1156:Chatham penguin
1104:
1099:Waitaha penguin
1078:
1074:African penguin
1042:
1014:
1000:Adélie penguin
983:
979:Emperor penguin
957:
939:
924:
919:
875:
870:
869:
860:
858:
843:
839:
830:
829:
825:
815:
813:
804:
803:
796:
781:
777:
746:(1582): 11–17.
732:
728:
691:
687:
678:
676:
661:
660:
656:
649:
633:
629:
622:
608:
604:
588:
582:
575:
569:
560:
559:
554:
553:
541:
534:
513:
507:
498:
497:
492:
491:
479:
459:
458:
445:
444:
438:
437:
433:
379:
374:
369:
368:
367:
366:
358:
357:
356:
348:
347:
339:
338:
286:Emperor penguin
261:
249:
220:
216:
214:
205:
203:
195:
193:
184:
182:
173:
158:
135:
111:Sphenisciformes
56:
34:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2584:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2519:
2506:
2493:
2483:
2470:
2457:
2444:
2431:
2418:
2405:
2392:
2379:
2366:
2353:
2338:
2322:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2261:Pterodromoides
2254:
2247:
2244:Pseudobulweria
2240:
2233:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2140:
2133:
2125:
2123:
2121:Procellariidae
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2105:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2057:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2035:
2028:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1994:
1984:
1977:
1967:
1956:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1936:
1934:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1913:
1911:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1891:
1883:
1881:
1879:Diomedeoididae
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1858:
1847:
1836:
1834:
1832:incertae sedis
1824:
1823:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1733:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1662:Anthropodyptes
1657:
1655:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1637:Paraptenodytes
1633:
1625:
1623:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1603:
1595:
1593:
1581:
1580:
1570:
1560:
1550:
1540:
1530:
1520:
1510:
1500:
1490:
1480:
1470:
1460:
1450:
1440:
1429:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1407:
1397:
1387:
1377:
1367:
1357:
1347:
1337:
1327:
1317:
1307:
1297:
1287:
1276:
1274:
1272:incertae sedis
1264:
1263:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1195:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1172:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1126:Snares penguin
1123:
1117:
1115:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1088:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1055:
1053:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1034:
1031:Little penguin
1027:
1025:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1010:Gentoo penguin
1007:
1002:
996:
994:
985:
984:
982:
981:
976:
970:
968:
959:
958:
951:
949:
941:
940:
929:
926:
925:
918:
917:
910:
903:
895:
874:
873:External links
871:
868:
867:
837:
823:
794:
775:
726:
705:(5): 412–441.
685:
668:British Museum
654:
647:
627:
620:
601:
600:
587:
584:
578:
577:
570: NT
565:
547:
538:
527:
516:
515:
508: LC
503:
485:
462:Breeds on the
460:
457:
456:
451:
443:Two subspecies
442:
441:
440:
439:
426:
415:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
396:– two species
373:
370:
360:
359:
350:
349:
341:
340:
332:
331:
330:
329:
328:
326:basal nature.
319:molecular data
315:
314:
292:
283:
282:
281:
276:
260:
257:
248:
245:
222:
221:
215:
204:
194:
183:
178:Aptenodytes p.
172:
169:
168:
160:
159:
150:
149:
143:
142:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
50:
49:
45:
44:
36:
35:
28:
16:Genus of birds
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2583:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2291:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2155:
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2027:
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2019:
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2012:
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2009:
2005:
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2002:
1995:
1993:
1992:
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1982:
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1968:
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1735:
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1715:
1713:
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1711:Palaeeudyptes
1708:
1706:
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1608:
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1602:
1601:
1597:
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1585:
1579:
1578:
1577:Tereingaornis
1571:
1569:
1568:
1561:
1559:
1558:
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1479:
1478:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1457:Duntroonornis
1451:
1449:
1448:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1415:
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1388:
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1186:
1181:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1146:Royal penguin
1144:
1142:
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1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
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1119:
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762:
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740:Proc Biol Sci
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526:
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511:
510:
504:
501:
495:
489:
486:
483:
477:
473:
470:, as well as
469:
465:
461:
455:
452:
450:
447:
446:
432:
431:
427:
425:
423:
418:King penguin
416:
399:
393:
388:
387:
380:
377:
364:
354:
345:
336:
327:
324:
320:
312:
308:
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293:
291:
287:
284:
280:
277:
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271:
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266:
263:
262:
256:
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253:Ancient Greek
244:
242:
238:
234:
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212:
211:
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192:
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181:
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166:
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92:
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85:
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79:
76:
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72:
69:
66:
65:
60:
55:
51:
46:
42:
37:
32:
26:
22:
19:
2317:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2220:Pelecanoides
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2147:Argyrodyptes
2145:
2135:
2128:
2108:
2101:Hydrobatidae
2088:
2081:
2076:Nesofregetta
2074:
2067:
2060:
2040:
2032:Thalassarche
2030:
2023:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1989:
1979:
1972:
1962:
1941:Tytthostonyx
1939:
1916:
1893:
1888:Diomedeoides
1886:
1863:
1852:
1842:
1831:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1750:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1729:Spheniscinae
1716:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1690:Marambiornis
1688:
1683:Delphinornis
1681:
1674:
1669:Anthropornis
1667:
1660:
1635:
1628:
1605:
1598:
1575:
1565:
1555:
1545:
1535:
1527:Marplesornis
1525:
1515:
1505:
1495:
1485:
1475:
1465:
1455:
1445:
1435:
1425:Spheniscidae
1412:
1402:
1392:
1384:Sequiwaimanu
1382:
1372:
1362:
1352:
1342:
1332:
1322:
1312:
1302:
1294:Aprosdokitos
1292:
1282:
1271:
1237:Infraclass:
1109:
1083:
1047:
1019:
988:
974:King penguin
963:
962:
952:
944:
884:
876:
859:. Retrieved
848:
840:
826:
814:. Retrieved
810:seaworld.org
809:
788:
784:
778:
743:
739:
729:
702:
698:
688:
677:. Retrieved
673:the original
666:
657:
637:
630:
611:
605:
594:
581:
574:
568:
561:
555:
549:
529:
520:
512:
506:
499:
493:
487:
453:
448:
428:
419:
401:Common name
385:
384:
378:
375:
322:
316:
298:
289:
278:
273:
268:
265:King penguin
250:
231:
230:
225:
208:
198:
187:
176:
153:
147:Type species
131:
130:
121:Spheniscidae
24:
18:
2556:Bird genera
2551:Aptenodytes
2448:iNaturalist
2375:Aptenodytes
2362:Aptenodytes
2348:Aptenodytes
2342:Wikispecies
2318:Aptenodytes
2275:Thalassoica
2237:Procellaria
2199:Macronectes
2161:Calonectris
2090:Pelagodroma
2053:Oceanitidae
2008:Phoebastria
1952:Diomedeidae
1909:Marinavidae
1854:Lonchodytes
1762:Madrynornis
1738:Aptenodytes
1718:Platydyptes
1704:Pachydyptes
1697:Mesetaornis
1630:Arthrodytes
1437:Crossvallia
1374:Petradyptes
1354:Orthopteryx
1334:Muriwaimanu
1284:Arthrodytes
1208:albatrosses
964:Aptenodytes
885:Aptenodytes
816:29 December
386:Aptenodytes
323:Aptenodytes
232:Aptenodytes
180:patagonicus
132:Aptenodytes
25:Aptenodytes
2545:Categories
2251:Pterodroma
2230:Primodroma
2206:Pachyptila
2178:Eopuffinus
2130:Aphrodroma
2110:Hydrobates
2015:Phoebetria
2001:Notoleptos
1974:Diomedavus
1964:Aldiomedes
1895:Rupelornis
1783:Spheniscus
1776:Pygoscelis
1769:Megadyptes
1567:Tasidyptes
1547:Perudyptes
1414:Wimanornis
1394:Tonniornis
1364:Pakudyptes
1344:Nucleornis
1239:Neognathae
1198:Genera of
1085:Megadyptes
1049:Spheniscus
990:Pygoscelis
861:2008-01-01
785:Adv. Ethol
699:Cladistics
679:2020-09-24
586:References
536:Gray, 1844
468:Antarctica
392:Miller, JF
138:Miller, JF
2213:Pagodroma
2192:Halobaena
2083:Oceanites
2025:Plotornis
1918:Marinavis
1844:Kievornis
1752:Eudyptula
1600:Eretiscus
1477:Icadyptes
1219:Kingdom:
1158:(extinct)
1101:(extinct)
1021:Eudyptula
247:Etymology
77:Kingdom:
71:Eukaryota
33:to recent
2561:Penguins
2414:45512072
2327:Wikidata
2268:Puffinus
2185:Fulmarus
2154:Bulweria
2069:Garrodia
2062:Fregetta
1991:Murunkus
1981:Diomedea
1865:Makahala
1745:Eudyptes
1497:Inkayacu
1324:Kupoupou
1314:Kumimanu
1227:Chordata
1225:Phylum:
1221:Animalia
1200:penguins
1111:Eudyptes
922:Penguins
855:Archived
791:: 1–149.
770:16519228
721:85673628
311:Pliocene
301:) is an
259:Taxonomy
241:penguins
213:(fossil)
117:Family:
91:Chordata
87:Phylum:
81:Animalia
67:Domain:
31:Pliocene
2440:2481659
2333:Q652976
2168:Daption
2137:Ardenna
1507:Kairuku
1404:Waimanu
1243:Clade:
1231:Class:
1204:petrels
954:Species
761:1560011
556:Habitat
494:Habitat
372:Species
303:extinct
237:species
127:Genus:
107:Order:
97:Class:
2528:206442
2502:494369
2486:NZOR:
2466:174448
2427:1APTNG
1487:Inguza
1467:Korora
1304:Kaiika
1206:, and
936:family
768:
758:
719:
645:
618:
474:, the
407:Range
394:, 1778
383:Genus
307:fossil
217:
206:
196:
185:
174:
140:, 1778
2523:WoRMS
2515:39713
2401:62D22
2388:52295
2042:Tydea
946:Genus
932:order
717:S2CID
228:genus
191:halli
2479:9232
2474:NCBI
2461:ITIS
2453:3819
2435:GBIF
2422:EPPO
2383:BOLD
1447:Dege
1233:Aves
818:2020
766:PMID
643:ISBN
616:ISBN
562:Diet
550:Size
500:Diet
488:Size
313:age.
226:The
101:Aves
2409:EoL
2396:CoL
2370:AFD
2357:ADW
756:PMC
748:doi
744:273
707:doi
239:of
2547::
2525::
2512::
2499::
2476::
2463::
2450::
2437::
2424::
2411::
2398::
2385::
2372::
2359::
2344::
2329::
1202:,
853:.
808:.
797:^
789:24
787:.
764:.
754:.
742:.
738:.
715:.
703:22
701:.
697:.
665:.
564::
558::
502::
496::
389:–
288:,
267:,
2257:†
2226:†
2174:†
2143:†
2038:†
2021:†
1997:†
1987:†
1970:†
1960:†
1929:†
1906:†
1876:†
1861:†
1857:?
1850:†
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1654:"
1650:"
1648:†
1618:†
1588:†
1573:†
1563:†
1553:†
1543:†
1533:†
1523:†
1513:†
1503:†
1493:†
1483:†
1473:†
1463:†
1453:†
1443:†
1433:†
1410:†
1400:†
1390:†
1380:†
1370:†
1360:†
1350:†
1340:†
1330:†
1320:†
1310:†
1300:†
1290:†
1280:†
1191:e
1184:t
1177:v
930:(
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907:t
900:v
864:.
851:"
847:"
820:.
772:.
750::
723:.
709::
682:.
651:.
624:.
297:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
