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565:. To weaken the secular nobility, who threatened his power, Otto endowed Bruno and his successors in the bishop's seat with the prerogatives of secular princes. This was the beginning of the electoral state of Cologne. It was formed from the temporal possessions of the archbishopric and included in the end a strip of territory along the left Bank of the
641:
on the North Sea, and LĂĽbeck on the Baltic. The economic structures of medieval and early modern
Cologne were based on the city's major harbor, its location as a transport hub and its entrepreneurial merchants who built ties with merchants in other Hanseatic cities.
511:(one of the three component titular kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire, the other two being Germany and Burgundy) and, as such, ranked second among all ecclesiastical and secular princes of the Empire, after the archbishop-elector of Mainz, and before that of Trier.
633:. It was a business alliance of trading cities and their guilds that dominated trade along the coast of Northern Europe and flourished from the 1200 to 1500 and continued with lesser importance after that. The chief cities were Cologne on the Rhine River,
93:
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was recognized after 1475, thus removing it from even the nominal secular authority of the elector. Cologne and Bonn were occupied by France in 1794. The right bank territories of the electorate were secularized in 1803 during the
538:, the area over which the archbishop exercised spiritual authority, which was larger. Even larger was the Ecclesiastical Province of Cologne, which included suffragan dioceses such as Liège and Münster (see map below).
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in 1582, attempted to secularize the archbishopric. His marriage the following
February, and his refusal to relinquish the territory resulted in the election of a competing archbishop and prince-elector,
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in
November–December 1583 ended with the destruction of Godesberg Castle and the slaughter of most of its inhabitants. After several more sieges, von Waldburg gave up his claim to the see and retired to
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622:. Political tensions arose from issues of taxation, public spending, regulation of business, and market supervision, as well as the limits of corporate autonomy.
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600:(1288), the archbishop was captured by soldiers of the city and was forced to grant the city near-complete autonomy. Eventually, the archbishop moved to
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that followed, the pope funded
Italian and Spanish mercenaries and the Catholic Bavarians also sent an army to support Ernst, while the Protestant
17:
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supported von
Waldburg. The war ruined most of the Electoral economy, and many villages and towns were besieged and destroyed. The
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557:, and has been a bishop's see since Roman times. In 953, the archbishops of Cologne first gained noteworthy secular power, when
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788:. Cologne was, however, reestablished as the seat of a Catholic archbishop in 1824, and is an archdiocese to the present day.
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supervised the reintroduction of
Catholicism in the Electorate. From 1583 to 1761, the archbishopric was effectively a
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of the
Bavarian branch of the House of Wittelsbach. As the archbishop in this period usually also held the
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Map of the Lower Rhine around 1560 with the
Electorate of Cologne highlighted in red, including the
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By the end of the 12th century, the
Archbishop of Cologne was one of the seven electors of the
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of 1803 secularized the rest of the archbishopric, giving the Duchy of
Westphalia to the
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After 1795, the electorate's territories on the left bank of the Rhine were occupied by
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Long-distance trade in the Baltic grew, as the major trading towns came together in the
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to escape jurisdiction conflicts with the city government. In 1475, Cologne became a
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The Growth of the Medieval City: From Late Antiquity to the Early Fourteenth Century
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was the residence the Elector, and consequently the capital of the Electorate.
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499:. There were only two other ecclesiastical prince-electors in the Empire: the
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The Electorate of Cologne (red) and neighboring states in the mid-18th century
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as well, technically from 1238 and permanently from 1263 until 1803. In the
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Economic and Social History of Europe in the Later Middle Ages (1300–1530)
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that existed from the 10th to the early 19th century. It consisted of the
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against the Jews was in 1349, when they were used as scapegoats for the
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518:. Conflicts with the citizens of Cologne caused the elector to move to
495:—of the archbishop of Cologne, and was ruled by him in his capacity as
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with his wife. Ernst became archbishop–the first major success of the
707:), he was one of the most important princes of northwestern Germany.
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During the 16th century, two Archbishops of Cologne converted to
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and were formally annexed in 1801. Cologne was part of the
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592:. Besides being prince-elector, he was Arch-chancellor of
1793:
Former states and territories of Rhineland-Palatinate
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Family, Commerce, and Religion in London and Cologne
810:
27:
Ecclesiastical principality in the Holy Roman Empire
1778:Roman Catholic dioceses in the Holy Roman Empire
1754:
850:(1997) pp 69–72, 133–42, 202–20, 244–45, 300–307
653:, resigned the archbishopric on converting, but
1768:1803 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire
534:The electorate should not be confused with the
1494:
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608:, independent from the archbishop. The first
507:. The archbishop-elector of Cologne was also
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549:was the ancient Roman city of
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18:Archbishop-electors of Cologne
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773:Reichsdeputationshauptschluss
524:Free Imperial City of Cologne
211:• Bishopric established
616:, and therefore burnt in an
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284:Electoral Rhenish Circle
254:Arch-chancellor of Italy
1512:(1609–1635) within the
1470:Unencircled territories
835:Liber Chronicarum Mundi
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818:"History of Cologne"
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529:German mediatization
493:temporal possessions
297:German mediatization
149:Prince-Archbishopric
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1421:Circles est. 1500:
1300:(1512–1806) of the
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742:Augustusburg Palace
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598:Battle of Worringen
575:Duchy of Westphalia
553:in the province of
505:Electorate of Trier
501:Electorate of Mainz
225:• Elevated to
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100:Duchy of Westphalia
1783:953 establishments
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909:Media related to
863:(1931) pp. 146–79
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1052:
1038:
1024:
1014:
1008:
1005:
1004:
999:
987:
973:
968:
966:
961:
959:
954:
953:
950:
946:
943:
939:51.000; 6.833
914:
912:
907:
899:
888:
875:
869:
862:
856:
849:
843:
837:
836:
830:
823:
819:
813:
809:
799:
789:
787:
783:
779:
775:
774:
769:
765:
761:
757:
756:
751:
743:
737:
732:
729:
722:
717:
716:
715:
713:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
660:
656:
652:
649:. The first,
648:
647:Protestantism
643:
640:
636:
632:
628:
623:
621:
620:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
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548:
539:
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532:
530:
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512:
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478:
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451:
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411:
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285:
279:
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268:
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258:
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245:
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235:
231:
228:
227:archbishopric
222:
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166:
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144:
137:
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128:
127:
125:
121:
118:
117:
112:
109:
105:
101:
95:
90:
84:
78:
66:
58:
53:
47:
40:
31:
19:
1690:
1459:
1324:
1160:
1122:
1064:
1055:(until 1803)
1050:
1041:(until 1803)
1027:(until 1803)
1012:
915:
903:
873:
868:
860:
855:
847:
842:
833:
829:
821:
812:
771:
763:
754:
747:
709:
644:
624:
617:
587:
559:Bishop Bruno
545:
533:
513:
466:
449:
447:
321:Succeeded by
320:
315:
114:
83:Coat of arms
1456:Upper Saxon
1310:Electorates
1244:(1803–1806)
1230:(1803–1806)
1216:(1803–1806)
1213:WĂĽrttemberg
1202:(1805–1806)
1188:(1803–1805)
1175:(1803–1806)
1112:Brandenburg
937: /
764:département
755:département
676:Netherlands
672:Cologne War
668:Wittelsbach
614:Black Death
380:Wied-Runkel
316:Preceded by
242:archbishop
200:Middle Ages
138:(1597–1794)
1757:Categories
1569:Bishoprics
1452:Burgundian
1439:Franconian
1391:Gelnhausen
1349:Palatinate
1171:Regensburg
1086:Palatinate
685:Strasbourg
619:auto-da-fé
573:, and the
479:), was an
146:Government
132:(953–1288)
1631:StraĂźburg
1601:Eichstätt
1591:Constance
1541:Ellwangen
1013:Spiritual
659:Calvinism
489:Hochstift
472:‹See Tfd›
455:‹See Tfd›
1651:WĂĽrzburg
1581:Augsburg
1529:Abbacies
1448:Austrian
1423:Bavarian
1406:Rheineck
1199:WĂĽrzburg
1185:Salzburg
986:Electors
569:east of
503:and the
475:German:
55:953–1803
1722:Bavaria
1710:Duchies
1691:Cologne
1660:Bamberg
1551:Kempten
1427:Swabian
1386:Koblenz
1325:Cologne
1147:Hanover
1133:Bavaria
1075:Bohemia
1065:Secular
1051:Cologne
784:to the
693:Jesuits
635:Hamburg
547:Cologne
542:History
516:Cologne
483:of the
477:Kurköln
295:•
267:Cologne
265:•
252:•
240:Bruno I
238:•
130:Cologne
123:Capital
1621:Speyer
1611:Passau
1519:
1151:(1692)
1137:(1623)
1101:Saxony
1089:
925:6°50′E
922:51°0′N
770:. The
750:France
639:Bremen
631:LĂĽbeck
610:pogrom
571:JĂĽlich
522:. The
459:German
159:
107:Status
46:German
42:
1701:Trier
1681:Mainz
1641:Worms
1361:Trier
1337:Mainz
1241:Hesse
1227:Baden
1037:Trier
1023:Mainz
804:Notes
594:Italy
567:Rhine
491:—the
269:made
1653:and
780:and
760:Roer
728:Bonn
712:Bonn
637:and
602:Bonn
583:Mark
581:and
579:Berg
520:Bonn
448:The
302:1803
289:1512
276:1288
259:1031
136:Bonn
70:Flag
766:of
758:of
246:953
232:953
1759::
1465:·
1458:,
1454:,
1450:,
1441:,
1437:,
1433:,
1429:,
1425:,
820:.
585:.
531:.
461::
1502:e
1495:t
1488:v
1283:e
1276:t
1269:v
971:e
964:t
957:v
800:.
469:(
452:(
48:)
44:(
20:)
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