305:
139:
266:
27:
125:
798:
291:
647:
became the official border of their spheres of influence. In 1277 the archbishops managed to defeat a large confederation of
Westphalian and Lower Rhenish opponents, but further action in 1288 forced the archbishops to abandon intentions on much of the greater territory of Westphalia. The purchase
687:
became the administrative capital of
Westphalia. Economically the loss of Soest had weakened the duchy. Especially as the surroundings of the town were very fertile and the grain was needed for the mountainous regions in the South. Peace with Marck was made in 1445 which witnessed territorial
619:, archbishop of Cologne from 1220, began a campaign to force the nobility in Westphalia into submission and to extract from them the stewardship of the various scattered church lands. Engelbert managed to connect the lands of the duchy by annexing the territory from
596:) followed. The former counts of Werl created a new county known as Werl-Arnsberg, and managed to keep their smaller and smaller territory independent of the Archbishops until they finally sold in 1368. After the rebellious Saxon duke
708:, the city of Soest remained part of the Duchy of Cleves. Starting from 1463, the league of knights and cities in Westphalia began a long and bitter struggle against the archbishops. During the reign of Archbishop
327:
855:
720:(1577–1583) the Reformation returned and he was forced to attend to Westphalia in 1582 where several knights and cities had adopted the new doctrine. The newly elected Archbishop
697:
652:
905:
671:. The financial burden placed upon the knights and cities of the Duchy of Westphalia led them into union in 1437. Cologne made peace with Cleves in 1441: this led
138:
660:
895:
890:
885:
56:
808:
850:
870:
584:. The other counties of the region could not resist the encroachment of the mighty Archbishopric, and soon after the counties of
900:
549:
865:
910:
663:
witnessed the last attempts by
Cologne to gain rulership in Westphalia by attempting to break the powerful positions of
573:
78:
49:
605:
601:
441:
in the northeast; both ecclesiastical principalities also had emerged from the former Duchy of Saxony, while the
298:
229:
124:
860:
725:
717:
363:
438:
845:
747:. In 1794 the archbishops relocated to Westphalia after the French had annexed the territories west of the
581:
430:
648:
and annexation of Werl-Arnsberg in 1368 united the territories of the north and south of the
Sauerland.
716:
arrived in
Westphalia. Eventually the Reformation was suppressed, but during the reign of Archbishop
608:
with these territories and the southwest of the former Duchy of Saxony as the 'Duchy of
Westphalia'.
39:
635:
in 1222. Further controversy of its expansion eventually leads to
Engelbert's death at the hands of
411:
43:
35:
740:. The Duchy of Westphalia was again confirmed as integral territory of the archbishopric in 1590.
636:
569:
472:
The
Westphalian duchy formed the largest part of the Cologne electorate. Apart from the fertile
784:
359:
60:
813:
768:
533:
442:
164:
640:
783:
in exchange for important lands west of the Rhine, and the Duchy was incorporated into the
756:
752:
744:
675:, the richest town of Westphalia, to refuse recognising Colognian supremacy in 1444 in the
616:
419:
379:
367:
8:
880:
481:
576:
in 1102 had occupied and seized half of the territory held by the
Westphalian counts of
488:
and densely forested areas, with some significant metal deposits and brine springs. The
465:
in the west remained an obstacle to a land connection with the
Cologne territory on the
395:
875:
776:
454:
828:
721:
477:
450:
355:
339:
173:
709:
553:
529:
446:
391:
771:
was created although it did not include the Duchy and had its capital in Hesse at
473:
733:
680:
383:
351:
331:
284:
271:
196:
106:
672:
656:
597:
462:
415:
169:
839:
802:
593:
485:
458:
434:
387:
144:
342:, which existed from 1102 to 1803. It was located in the greater region of
728:
managed to regain the duchy for the archbishopric at the beginning of the
748:
729:
713:
644:
537:
466:
206:
743:
Like most other territories of Germany, Westphalia suffered during the
705:
676:
541:
525:
423:
407:
347:
343:
691:
632:
628:
545:
589:
801: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
684:
577:
186:
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780:
732:
in 1583, and Protestantism survived only on the border region of
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557:
497:
489:
772:
664:
624:
521:
509:
505:
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399:
737:
668:
403:
378:
The duchy roughly comprised the territory of the present-day
585:
548:
estates around Soest, where the archbishops extended their
493:
655:
began a hopeless campaign to maintain Colognian rights in
679:, that lasted until 1449. Soest had become a part of the
659:, and in 1392 was forced to abandon them. His successor,
346:, originally one of the three main regions in the German
143:
The Duchy of Westphalia and other western German states
856:
Former states and territories of North Rhine-Westphalia
453:
in the southeast were part of the former stem duchy of
563:
639:in 1225. In 1260 by an agreement with the Dukes of
692:Westphalia until the end of the Empire (1445–1806)
520:Formerly part of the Saxon stem duchy along with
837:
552:territory. Numerous monastery foundations, like
48:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
906:1803 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire
762:
755:of 1803 the Duchy of Westphalia became part of
544:. First parishes were established east of the
896:1180s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
891:States and territories disestablished in 1803
98:
429:The duchy bordered on the territory of the
886:States and territories established in 1180
806:
504:was part of an important trade route from
137:
16:State of the Holy Roman Empire (1102–1803)
79:Learn how and when to remove this message
695:
611:
390:, as well as the adjacent areas of the
838:
829:Map of the Duchy of Westphalia in 1789
560:, stabilized the ecclesiastical rule.
484:, the ducal lands primarily comprised
604:presented the Archbishop of Cologne,
817:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
700:Arms of Westphalia (adopted in 1532)
536:at the behest of the Frankish ruler
20:
779:awarded the Duchy of Westphalia to
13:
807:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
338:) was a historic territory in the
14:
922:
822:
564:Creation of the duchy (1102–1180)
406:), from 1507 also the exclave of
851:Duchies of the Holy Roman Empire
796:
492:section connecting the towns of
303:
289:
264:
123:
25:
871:Early modern history of Germany
627:, and secured the south of the
299:Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt
718:Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg
600:was defeated in 1180, Emperor
437:river in the north and on the
364:archbishop-electors of Cologne
1:
901:1180 establishments in Europe
688:concessions from both sides.
528:, the Westphalian lands were
439:Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn
145:
763:After the Empire (1806–1815)
724:(1583–1612) and his brother
373:
362:. The duchy was held by the
7:
866:Medieval history of Germany
10:
927:
911:Former countries in Europe
790:
540:upon his conquests in the
515:
410:(a former property of the
683:. Thereafter the town of
431:prince-bishops of Münster
243:
239:
226:
216:
212:
202:
192:
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136:
120:
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93:
653:Frederick von Saarwerden
580:, supporters of Emperor
480:hill range, part of the
412:Imperial Abbey of Corvey
34:This article includes a
637:Frederick I of Isenberg
570:Investiture Controversy
63:more precise citations.
785:Province of Westphalia
701:
592:and Volmarstein (near
574:Frederick I of Cologne
360:North Rhine-Westphalia
354:and today part of the
335:
99:
861:Electorate of Cologne
814:Catholic Encyclopedia
769:Kingdom of Westphalia
699:
612:Expansion (1180–1445)
443:Landgraviate of Hesse
165:Electorate of Cologne
726:Ferdinand of Bavaria
661:Dietrich II of Moers
602:Frederick Barbarossa
461:and the Westphalian
420:Duchy of Cleves-Mark
846:Duchy of Westphalia
606:Philip of Heinsberg
534:Cologne archbishops
482:Westphalian Lowland
336:Herzogtum Westfalen
323:Duchy of Westphalia
218:• Established
100:Herzogtum Westfalen
95:Duchy of Westphalia
777:Congress of Vienna
702:
558:Anno II of Cologne
445:, the counties of
228:• Annexed by
36:list of references
745:Thirty Years' War
722:Ernest of Bavaria
712:(1515–1546), the
617:Engelbert of Berg
340:Holy Roman Empire
319:
318:
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314:
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310:
277:
276:
174:Holy Roman Empire
89:
88:
81:
918:
818:
800:
799:
710:Herman V of Wied
554:Grafschaft Abbey
418:was lost to the
396:Märkischer Kreis
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681:Duchy of Cleves
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163:Subordinate to
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568:In the fierce
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457:. The Rhenish
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530:Christianized
527:
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491:
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476:north of the
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474:Hellweg Börde
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459:Duchy of Berg
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388:Hochsauerland
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767:In 1807 the
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650:
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322:
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254:Succeeded by
253:
248:
130:Coat of arms
75:
66:
55:Please help
47:
18:
749:Rhine River
730:Cologne War
714:Reformation
651:Archbishop
645:Weser River
556:in 1072 by
538:Charlemagne
486:mountainous
467:Lower Rhine
433:beyond the
249:Preceded by
207:Middle Ages
149: 1645
61:introducing
881:Westphalia
840:Categories
809:Westphalia
706:Soest Feud
704:After the
677:Soest Feud
542:Saxon Wars
526:Eastphalia
424:Soest Feud
422:after the
408:Volkmarsen
366:until its
348:stem duchy
344:Westphalia
193:Government
69:April 2013
876:Sauerland
751:. In the
641:Brunswick
633:Attendorn
629:Sauerland
550:episcopal
455:Franconia
426:in 1449.
380:districts
374:Geography
370:in 1803.
328:‹See Tfd›
116:1102–1803
685:Arnsberg
582:Henry IV
578:Arnsberg
187:Arnsberg
805::
791:Sources
781:Prussia
734:Waldeck
621:Hellweg
546:Rhenish
532:by the
516:History
498:Erwitte
490:Hellweg
469:river.
451:Waldeck
183:Capital
172:of the
57:improve
773:Kassel
665:Cleves
625:Diemel
594:Wetter
590:Rüthen
522:Angria
510:Goslar
506:Aachen
502:Geseke
447:Nassau
400:Menden
352:Saxony
332:German
157:Status
107:German
103:
738:Hesse
673:Soest
669:Marck
657:Marck
435:Lippe
416:Soest
404:Balve
392:Soest
356:state
170:State
42:, or
736:and
667:and
643:the
586:Werl
524:and
500:and
494:Werl
478:Haar
449:and
402:and
386:and
384:Olpe
321:The
235:1803
222:1102
811:".
631:at
623:to
508:to
382:of
358:of
350:of
842::
759:.
588:,
512:.
496:,
334::
146:c.
46:,
38:,
398:(
325:(
109:)
105:(
82:)
76:(
71:)
67:(
53:.
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