7260:
7272:
1288:
5496:. Anti-government protests were held in several districts of Aleppo on 12 August 2011, including the city's Sakhour district. At least two protesters were shot dead by security forces during a demonstration in Sakhour with tens of thousands of attendees. Regular large protests started in Aleppo in May 2012. During this period, government-organized rallies in support of Assad also occurred. However, Aleppo remained relatively undisturbed and largely supportive of the government during the 16-month-long conflict until 22 July 2012, when rebel fighters from the neighboring villages converged and penetrated into the city, to which the government responded with heavy-handed, indiscriminate bombardments. On 16 February 2012, the
6125:
west Aleppo and announced the Army's siege of rebel-held east Aleppo had been broken. However, the new rebel supply line was still under Army artillery fire and being hit by air-strikes, making both sides essentially under siege. Since the rebel offensive started, at least 130 civilians had been killed, most by rebel shelling of government-held districts. 500 fighters on both sides also died, mostly rebels. However, on 4 September, the Syrian Armed forces recaptured the
Technical College, Armament college and artillery college, thus imposing the siege on Aleppo once again. Later that week they recaptured the Ramouseh district and reversed almost all rebel gains made since 30 July. The Syrian Government forces then
1258:
490:
5881:
6144:
7000:
6713:
5943:
6805:
torture. Human rights activists, lawyers and journalists have been subjected to kidnappings. In 2015, Amnesty
International warned that "non-state armed groups have engaged in abductions and hostage-taking, as well as the arbitrary detention, torture, and other mistreatment of prisoners in Aleppo". According to a 2016 Amnesty International report, some of the rebel groups in the city engaged in summary executions, in some cases in public, on the basis of "quasi-judicial institutions". The victims were captured soldiers, government officials, rival group members, as well as civilians. Russian General Staff Lieutenant General
1659:
1331:
1185:
406:
6015:
1577:
6335:
6668:, as well as a SARC warehouse and health clinic in Urum al-Kubra, a rebel-held town 12 km west of Aleppo. 20 civilians and one SARC staff member were killed, while food and medical aid, intended to reach Aleppo, was destroyed. Some witnesses on the ground at the time of the attack said they had heard helicopters during the attack. The United States accused Russian or Syrian government warplanes of perpetrating the attack, while Russia rejected the accusation. The UN said it was not in a position to determine how the attacked unfolded. The UN Operational Satellite Applications Programme (
5698:
5760:
1538:
1343:
1031:
7360:
1633:
1216:
944:
503:
1701:
5375:. A stalemate that had been in place for four years finally ended in July 2016, when Syrian government troops closed the rebels' last supply line into Aleppo with the support of Russian airstrikes. In response, rebel forces launched unsuccessful counteroffensives in September and October that failed to break the siege; in November, government forces embarked on a decisive campaign that resulted in the recapture of all of Aleppo by December 2016. The Syrian government victory was widely seen as a turning point in Syria's civil war.
1783:
6672:) said it believed the convoy was attack by airstrikes. United Nations investigators later concluded that the Syrian government was responsible for the attack in a "meticulously planned and ruthlessly carried out" air strike. The investigators stated in a report that the Syrian Air Force used barrel bombs and rockets to attack the convoy and that, after the initial attack, Syrian government jets strafed the survivors. According to the investigators, since these actions were carried out deliberately they constituted a war crime.
1093:
1061:
6023:
5713:
71:
1307:
991:
852:
766:
6969:
1071:
1050:
1614:
464:
6725:
6121:
resistance and asked them to lay down arms and surrender. The rebels rejected, vowing they will fight until the last opposition soul remains. However, within days, the rebels launched a large-scale counterattack south of Aleppo, in an attempt to both open a new supply line into rebel-held parts of the city and cut-off the government-held side. The whole campaign, including both the Army's offensive and subsequent rebel counter-offensive, was seen by both sides as possibly deciding the fate of the entire war.
384:
395:
1607:
894:
373:
5687:, an army base northeast of the city. Later, rebels attacked the air base at Minakh, 30 km (19 mi) northwest of Aleppo, with arms and tanks captured at the Anadan checkpoint. Opposition forces continued to gain territory in the city, controlling most of eastern and southwestern Aleppo, including Salaheddine and parts of Hamdaniyeh. They continued to target security centers and police stations as clashes erupted near the Air Force intelligence headquarters in Aleppo's northwestern district
5613:, the tribe joined the fight against the rebels. Initially, the Christian community tried to avoid taking sides in the conflict. However, many Christians supported the Army and some formed militias aligned with the government following the capture of their quarters by the Syrian Army. Many Christian Armenians also supported the Syrian Army. Some of Aleppo's Armenians claimed Turkey supported the FSA to attack Armenians and Arab Christians. In 2012, one Armenian militia had around 150 fighters.
6988:
431:
1589:
1683:
526:
1526:
1496:
1486:
1450:
1438:
1426:
1319:
420:
5509:
704:
332:
1550:
5587:
477:
20677:
1361:
1109:
6217:, effectively blocking ground reinforcements for the Syrian Army. Before the end of 2012, the Syrian Army in Aleppo was receiving sporadic supplies and ammunition replenishment by air or via backroads. The fall of Base 46, a large complex that reinforced and supplied government troops, was seen by experts as "a tactical turning point that may lead to a strategic shift" in the battle for Aleppo. In a November 2012, intelligence report, American publisher
739:
6140:, aimed at finishing rebel-held Aleppo once and for all, during which they captured the Hanano district, Sakhour district, Jabal Badro district, Bustan al-Basha district, Hellok district, Sheikh Kheder district, Sheikh Fares district Haydariyah district, Ayn al-Tal industrial district and reportedly the research housing south of Jabal Badro. They also captured the Ard' Al Hamra district, reportedly cutting rebel-held territory in Aleppo by 40–45%.
7050:
6822:
1414:
1397:
1380:
1146:
6253:, proved to be unreliable in combat. Effectively cutting off access was more difficult in Aleppo because rebels controlled more terrain there than in other cities. Rebels also have a strong presence in the countryside and around the border crossings with Turkey. In April 2014 government commanders inside the city were saying that contrary to implementing such a strategy, "the best can do in Aleppo is just secure ... positions".
5725:
1081:
998:
65:
285:
7041:, said on the occasion of the 67th Anniversary of the Syrian Arab Army in August 2012, "the army is engaged in a crucial and heroic battle ... on which the destiny of the nation and its people rests ..." After gaining nearly complete control of eastern Aleppo, Assad referred to this success as an "important point in history of Syria". He also called upon remaining rebel factions to surrender in exchange for amnesty.
1670:
1135:
662:
639:
624:
560:
545:
1239:
359:
716:
683:
575:
297:
609:
594:
313:
1790:
5901:
971:
958:
931:
515:
446:
1463:
1162:
345:
780:
7157:, the head of Iran's Supreme National Security Council, met with Assad in Damascus. Jalili said Iran would help Assad to confront "attempts at blatant foreign interference" in Syria's internal affairs, saying, "Iran will not allow the axis of resistance, of which it considers Syria to be an essential part, to be broken in any way". During the Tehran sermon on 16 December 2016, Ayatollah
6859:...the ongoing devastation inflicted on the country's stunning archaeological sites—bullet holes lodged in walls of its ancient Roman cities, the debris of Byzantine churches, early mosques and crusader fortresses—rob Syria of its best chance for a post-conflict economic boom based on tourism, which, until the conflict started 18 months ago, contributed 12% to the national income.
12021:
5597:, which by 2013 joined the Syrian Civil War in support for President al-Assad, was also designated as a terrorist group by various organizations. The government retained some support in Aleppo; in 2012 a rebel commander said, "around 70% of Aleppo city is with the regime". During the course of the battle, Assad lost support from Aleppo's wealthy class. In 2012,
6810:
found the bodies of 21 executed civilians in rebel prisons, citing the head of Aleppo's forensic unit. The
Russian defence ministry also claimed the execution of dozens of people by the rebels, some showing signs of torture. The pro-opposition activist group the SOHR confirmed bodies had been found in the streets but could not verify how they were killed.
5632:(YPG) stayed out of Arab areas and insisted the FSA stay out of the Kurdish area. They did not initially fight the Syrian Army unless attacked. The Kurdish areas in Aleppo mainly came under PYD control. At various points in the conflict, the Kurds joined the opposition against pro-government forces. However, the YPG-controlled neighborhood of
5730:
5726:
5727:
5935:(Jdeideh) District, which included tunnel bombs and the shelling of buildings where soldiers were stationed. The rebels claimed to have killed 76 troops in these operations. Sahat Al Hatab square and the buildings around it were left devastated as a result of this operation. Numerous monuments, including churches, a mosque, the
5609:. They divided their forces into groups of 40 soldiers each. These were armed mostly with automatic rifles and anti-tank rockets and artillery, tanks and helicopters were only used for support. In August 2012, the army deployed its elite units. Eventually, after rebel forces executed Zeino al-Berri, tribal leader of the
6271:, the United Nations and Arab League Envoy to Syria, proposed a pause in fighting, but opinions about implementation were divided. The European Union warned that "cases of forced surrender imposed by the Assad regime through starvation sieges were labelled fallaciously as local cease-fires in the past." The
5729:
6380:(SNHR), a pro-opposition non-governmental organization, reported that the Russian bombardments killed at least 1,640 civilians in the Aleppo area: 1,178 civilians died between 30 September 2015 and 1 August 2016, while additional 462 civilians were killed from 19 September 2016 until 30 November 2016.
7222:
through this war will be a 'black chapter' in the history of international relations. It took 4,000 years to build Aleppo, hundreds of generations, yet one generation managed to tear it down in four years. Aleppo, for three thousand years, gave to the world civilization and world civilization was not
7020:
The coverage of the siege of Aleppo in the
Western media emphasised the suffering of civilians and often contained graphic pictures of injured and dying children. As there were almost no international journalists there, the reporting was outsourced to local activists linked to the rebels who held the
6760:
stated that their use was "totally unacceptable" and constituted indiscriminate attacks as they were very difficult to aim correctly, frequently killing and maiming civilians in government-held areas. According to Zeid, their inaccuracy means they had no military purpose so he concluded their use was
6120:
By late July, Syrian government forces had managed to sever the last rebel supply line coming from the north, and completely surrounded Aleppo. Both the 4.000 rebels as well as tens of thousands of civilians were trapped in the rebel held part of Aleppo. The Syrian Army asked the rebels to stop their
5976:
In mid-October, ISIL captured four rebel-held villages northeast of Aleppo, while the Army seized the Syria-Turkey Free Trade Zone, the al-Ahdath juvenile prison and cement plant. Meanwhile, the SAA and
Hezbollah launched an offensive south of Aleppo, reporting they had captured 408 square kilometres
5566:
By
December, rebel fighters were commonly looting for supplies; they switched their loyalties to groups that had more to share. This new approach led to the killing of at least one rebel commander following a dispute; fighters retreating with their loot caused the loss of a frontline position and the
14122:
Aleppo has been reduced to symbolic importance ... The government is no longer able to reinforce its positions in Aleppo. As such, it cannot prevent its fall should the
Islamist opposition or the Islamic State launch a major offensive against it ... It would also increase the incentive for
6586:
Syrian and
Russian forces have been deliberately attacking health facilities... But what is truly egregious is that wiping out hospitals appears to have become part of their military strategy.. a strategy that has destroyed scores of medical facilities and killed hundreds of doctors and nurses since
6248:
to rebuild the economy and provide jobs. By
October 2014, the army had seized Sheikh Najjar, reinforced Aleppo Central Prison and captured Handaraat, almost besieging rebel-held Aleppo. Tensions peaked in early April 2014, when a Syrian Republican Guard officer allegedly killed a Hezbollah commander
5972:
against the government-held western half of the city. During five days of fighting, the rebels seized the
Scientific Research Center on Aleppo's western outskirts, which was being used as a military barracks. Two rebel attacks on the Jamiyat al-Zahra area were repelled. Government forces launched an
5964:
In preparation for a new offensive, the rebels heavily shelled government-held parts of Aleppo, leaving 43 civilians dead and 190 wounded on 15 June. On 17 June, rebel forces captured the western neighborhood of Rashideen from Syrian government forces. Throughout 19 and 20 June, a new round of rebel
5888:
In early January, the rebels recaptured the Majbal (sawmills) area of al-Brej and captured the southern entrance of the stone quarries known as al-Misat, forcing government troops to retreat to the north. Rebels also seized the Manasher al-Brej area. They tried to advance and take control of al-Brej
5382:". The battle was marked by widespread violence against civilians, repeated targeting of hospitals and schools (mostly by pro-government air forces and to a lesser extent by the rebels), and indiscriminate aerial strikes and shelling against civilian areas. It was also marked by the inability of the
7304:
said that "the cries for help of the people caught up in the fighting for the beleaguered city of Aleppo are a harrowing reminder to the world". He also urged: "There must be an end to the killing and dying in Aleppo." Protests were also held in London, Sarajevo, Istanbul, Jerusalem, Gaza City, and
7141:
Armenia began sending humanitarian aid to Aleppo in mid-October 2012. The aid was distributed by Red Crescent, the Armenian National Prelacy in Aleppo, the Aleppo Emergency unit, the Embassy of Armenia to Syria, and the Consulate General of Armenia in Aleppo. The Governor of the Aleppo Governorate,
7089:
report from "Aleppo after the Fall" described the public experience in formerly rebel controlled East Aleppo as "a chaotic wasteland full of feuding militias—some of them radical Islamists—who hoarded food and weapons while the people starved" and quoted local sources as "no one is 100 percent with
6817:
in the city for tens of thousands of people were deliberately cut by the Jabhat al-Nusra group for several days in May 2014. Jaysh al-Islam also reportedly prohibited civilians from receiving food and supplies in one neighbourhood they controlled in December 2016. The rebel groups also hoarded food
6124:
After a week of heavy fighting, rebels both inside and outside Aleppo advanced into the Ramouseh neighborhood, linked up and captured it, while also seizing the Al-Ramousah Military Academy. With these advances, the rebels managed to cut the government's supply line into the government-held part of
5892:
In mid-February, the Syrian Arab Army and its allies launched a major offensive in the northern Aleppo countryside, with the aim of cutting the last rebel supply routes into the city, and relieving the rebel siege of the Shi'a-majority towns Zahra'a and Nubl to the northwest of Aleppo. They quickly
5806:
fighters launched the operation. Over a one-week period, government forces advanced in the city and the countryside, pushing back the rebels. However, according to an opposition activist, on 14 June the situation started reversing after rebels halted an armored reinforcement column from Aleppo that
6686:
In January 2017, the Syrian Network for Human Rights (SNHR) and the Violations Documentation Center (VDC) submitted evidence of alleged war crimes committed by militias backed by Russia and Iran to the United Nations Commission of Inquiry on Syria. According to the head of the SNHR, "sometimes the
6350:
assessed the death toll. According to its records, between 19 July 2012 and 15 December 2016 there were 22,633 adult male deaths (73%), 2,849 adult female deaths (9.2%), 3,773 child male deaths (12.2%) and 1,775 child female deaths (5.7%). 23,604 or 76% of all fatalities were civilians, while only
5570:
Islamic extremists and foreign fighters, many of whom were experienced and came from the ongoing insurgency in neighboring Iraq, joined the battle. Jihadists reportedly came from across the Muslim world. Jacques Bérès, a French surgeon who treated wounded fighters, reported a significant number of
7239:
delivered a statement on 17 December 2016, calling for an immediate end to the war in Syria: "With the situation in Aleppo, Syria's war has reached an historic low... Aleppo has become a metaphor for the disastrous situation that Syria is in today, with half the population having been forced from
7172:
The Russian Foreign Ministry issued an official statement condemning the bombing that occurred on 9 September 2012, in which more than 30 people were killed. The ministry stated, "We firmly condemn the terrorist acts which claim the lives of innocent people", on 11 September. The Foreign Ministry
6636:
by the Syrian government on opposition-held areas in Aleppo were reported on 10 August and 6 September 2016. After these attacks, the victims reported they were suffering from a shortage of breath, coughing, reddened skin and eyes, and excessive tearing, and sought medical treatment in hospitals.
6617:
Amnesty International issued a detailed report about Aleppo in 2015. It warned about the Syrian government use of imprecise explosive weapons on densely populated civilian areas, illustrating it with the example that eight barrel bomb attacks between January 2014 to March 2015 killed at least 188
5855:
envoy in November; under the proposal humanitarian aid would be delivered to Aleppo following the cessation of hostilities. President Assad said the ceasefire plan was "worth studying", and according to the UN envoy the Syrian government was "seriously studying" the proposal. The FSA rejected the
7121:
appealed to the Security Council to stop the bombardment of eastern Aleppo, describing residents "scrabbling with their bare hands in the street above to reach under concrete rubble trying to reach their young child screaming unseen in the dust and dirt below their feet". The Russian ambassador,
7104:
criticized the Syrian government, Russia and Iran, in a speech at the briefing, stating "to the Assad regime, Russia, and Iran—three Member States behind the conquest of and carnage in Aleppo—you bear responsibility for these atrocities." Comparing the situation in Aleppo to the mass killings in
6809:
claimed that the Syrian government discovered several prisons in East Aleppo on 15 December 2016 used by the opposition to detain, torture and in some cases murder their opponents, including civilians that refused to fight. At the conclusion of the battle, Syrian state media claimed the Army had
6784:
neighborhood. In mid-June 2016 Russia accused the rebels of causing the death of over 40 civilians in the month. A spokesman for the US-supported SDF also accused the rebels of causing 1,000 civilian deaths and injuries, through shelling of Sheikh Maqsood. There were allegations that the Army of
6240:
was almost surrounded by rebel forces. Later, the Syrian Army regained control of the strategic town Tel Sheigeb, allowing them to approach the airport. In November 2013, the Syrian Army retook the town of al-Safira. This opened a road for the government to support the besieged Kuweires Military
6154:
By 13 December 2016, only 5% of the original territory of the city remained in rebel hands. A ceasefire was announced and the fighting stopped in order to allow the evacuation of civilians and rebels. The buses were prepared for the evacuation. However, the deal fell apart the next day, when the
5636:
came under a siege by both Syrian government forces and the rebels. In September 2015, the rebels accused the YPG of having a deal with the government, while the YPG accused the rebels of shelling the neighborhood. Between November and December 2015, the conflict between the rebels and US-backed
7198:
The United States stated it feared "a new massacre" in Aleppo by the Syrian government; "This is the concern: that we will see a massacre in Aleppo and that's what the regime appears to be lining up for". The United States condemned "in the strongest possible terms" the government SCUD missile
6158:
The deal was revived on 15 December with first convoy of evacuees leaving. The evacuation was however suspended on the next day. Another deal was reached on 18 December and evacuation resumed later in the day. The evacuation again stalled on 20 December, but resumed on the following day. On 22
7287:
Rallies and demonstrations intended to show solidarity with Aleppo's besieged civilians, as well as protests against the Syrian government and its Iranian and Russian allies, were held in several cities across the world, organized by numerous groups. In Paris, the Eiffel Tower went dark on 14
6804:
in areas they controlled, imposing torture or other ill-treatment as punishment. The al-Nusra Front maintained a prison at the "fetid, trash-strewn basement" of the Aleppo Eye Hospital where the group was headquartered. At this prison, some people were held for years and subjected to repeated
5896:
On 9 March, opposition forces launched an assault on Handarat, north of Aleppo, after reportedly noticing confusion in the ranks of Syrian government troops after the February fighting. Opposition sources said the rebels had captured 40–50% of the village, or possibly even 75%, while the Army
6116:
On 25 June, the Syrian Army and allied forces began their long-awaited North-west Aleppo offensive. The ultimate goal of the offensive was to cut off the Castello highway, which would cut off the last supply route for rebels inside the city, thus fully encircling remaining opposition forces.
5846:
Government forces, having lifted the siege of Aleppo in October 2013, continued their offensive in 2014. This culminated in the capture of the Sheikh Najjar industrial district north of Aleppo and the lifting of the siege of Aleppo Central Prison on 22 May 2014, which contained a garrison of
5906:
5902:
5897:
remained in control of the northern portion of Handarat. In contrast, a Syrian Army source stated they still controlled 80% of Handarat. On 18 March, after almost 10 days of fighting, the Syrian Army had fully expelled the rebels from Handarat, and re-established control of the village.
5790:
and threatened to shoot down commercial aircraft, alleging that the government was using them to transport loyalist troops and military supplies. After multiple attacks on Aleppo International Airport, all flights were suspended on 1 January 2013. The following month, the rebels seized
6286:) to expand its attacks in central Syria after it failed to block the Raqqa highway that branches out to the Syrian army's main supply route to Aleppo along the Khanasir-Athriya road. IS's aim would potentially be to establish the necessary conditions to attack Idlib and al-Nusra. The
7180:
urged international action, saying it was not possible "to remain a spectator" to the government offensive on Aleppo. Reuters reported that Turkey had set up a base with allies Saudi Arabia and Qatar to direct military and communications aid to the Free Syrian Army from the city of
5903:
9422:
6314:
Turkey had sponsored rebel forces in Aleppo to a degree that eastern Aleppo was called "a Turkish card guarded by jihadis." However, Turkish policy changed in August 2016, moving thousands of rebel fighters away from the area west of Aleppo to counter the secular federalist
6957:". It noted, however, that the destruction was mostly concentrated in the rebel-held part of the city: about 70 to 80 percent of the destruction was in the east. UN satellite images determined more than 33,500 damaged residential buildings in the city, most of them multi-
5394:, but this was rejected by the Syrian government. Hundreds of thousands of residents were displaced by the fighting and efforts to provide aid to civilians or facilitate evacuation were routinely disrupted by continued combat and mistrust between the opposing sides.
5893:
captured several villages, but bad weather conditions and an inability to call up reinforcements stalled the government offensive. A few days later, the rebels launched a counter-offensive, retaking two of four positions they had lost to Syrian government forces.
14232:
6386:(ICRC) has described the fighting as one of the most devastating conflicts in modern times. It appealed: "The human cost of the fighting in Aleppo is simply too high. We urge all parties to stop the destruction and indiscriminate attacks, and stop the killing".
7079:
by Aleppo's Christian community for the first time in four years. According to Syrian TV, the Christmas celebration, however, was disrupted with a bomb that exploded at the event. The celebration, however, resumed several minutes after the bomb was detonated.
6487:
issued a statement reporting that the Syrian and Russian military campaign killed more than 440 civilians, including more than 90 children, between September and October 2016. It also deplored that airstrikes often appeared to be "recklessly indiscriminate".
6260:
resulted in threats to several main government supply lines. This cast doubt on government forces' ambitions to control the road from Hama to Aleppo and the Damascus-Aleppo international road, and has been seen as a personal defeat for Syrian Arab Army Col.
20766:
6509:
reported that family members of many of the victims testified that they were last seen in a government-controlled area or after they set out to cross into the area through two checkpoints, one manned by opposition forces and the other by government forces.
5905:
15573:
20796:
10401:
5922:
renewed their assault on the Air Force Intelligence building, utilizing a tunnel bomb followed by an assault. Much of the Air Force Intelligence building was reportedly damaged as a result of the tunnel bomb. Between 27–29 April, the FSA and
6305:
stated in June 2015, "All our strategic planning now is to keep the way open to Aleppo to allow our forces to defend it". Media outlets have noted that powerful online campaigns are being conducted in a war of information regarding Aleppo.
20806:
7057:
A series of victory celebrations were held in Aleppo following the government forces' victory, attended by government supporters, including Aleppo's Christian community which has increasingly sided with the government. Large-scale outdoor
7137:
also said that "there is absolutely no justification whatsoever for the indiscriminate and savage brutality against civilians shown by the regime and by its Russian and Iranian allies over the past few weeks, or indeed over the past five
9426:
7259:
6389:
The ICRC also said that hundreds of civilians perished through the "indiscriminate shelling of residential areas across Aleppo". Several infectious diseases broke out in Aleppo and other areas in Syria during the civil war, including
6777:, wrote that both the uses of barrel bombs and hell cannons is inaccurate and so randomly destructive that their use is illegal, and thus constitutes either the direct or indiscriminate targeting of civilians and civilian objects.
4296:
14078:
6297:, a possible offensive on Homs by both al-Nusra Front and IS working independently might force the government to move critical forces away from Aleppo to defend key supply routes. There were additional opposition gains during the
2362:
8277:
6613:
denied using "indiscriminate weapons" like barrel bombs in the rebel held territories. Assad said, "I know about the army. They use bullets, missiles and bombs. I haven't heard of the army using barrels, or maybe cooking pots."
5484:
has written that "The city has long been multi-cultural, a complex mix of Kurds, Iranians, Turkmen, Armenians and Circassians overlaid on an Arab base in which multi-denominational churches and mosques still share the space."
6905:
5678:
In late July and early August 2012, the FSA continued its offensive in Aleppo, with both sides suffering a high level of casualties. Rebel commanders said their main aim was to capture the city center. On 30 July, the rebels
5436:
in modern warfare and one of the bloodiest battles of the Syrian Civil War, leaving over 31,000 people dead, almost a tenth of the estimated overall war casualties at that time. Fighting also caused severe destruction to the
2922:
6912:
found, using satellite images, that 22 out of the 210 examined key structures had been completely destroyed. 48 others had sustained severe damage, 33 moderate damage and 32 possible damage. The destroyed sites included the
6740:
A UN envoy warned that rebels may have been committing war crimes due to their indiscriminate rocket warfare targeting civilians in Aleppo, while trying to lift the siege in October and November 2016. The Aleppo rebels used
5559:. A resident of Aleppo reportedly accused the rebels of using civilian homes for shelter. On 19 November 2012, the rebel fighters—particularly the al-Tawhid Brigade and the al-Nusra Front—initially rejected the newly formed
7149:
said, "With the build-up of heavy weapons around Aleppo, Assad is preparing to carry out a fresh slaughter of his own people". Italy and the UN peacekeeping chief also accused the Syrian government of preparing to massacre
6829:
During the December 2016 evacuation, Jabhat Fateh al-Sham rebels burnt buses meant to evacuate sick and elderly civilians from two rebel-besieged Shiite villages in Idlib province, concurrently with the Aleppo evacuations.
3410:
6591:-controlled areas around Aleppo became a primary target for the Russian and Syrian government forces. This eliminated a vital lifeline for the civilians living in those embattled areas, leaving them no choice but to flee.
3970:
10805:
5728:
20771:
11960:
5889:
Hill, with which they could seize the military supply road running between Aleppo Central Prison and the Handarat and al-Mallah areas. At the end of January, the rebels took control over some positions in al-Brej Hill.
2179:
9642:
20756:
7062:
celebrations were held publicly for the first time in years, with a Christmas tree lighting ceremony in the Al-Aziziyah neighborhood. Participants waved Syrian and Russian flags and held portraits of Syrian President
5641:(SDF) in the rest of Aleppo province escalated. Truce attempts largely failed to stop the fighting. The situation escalated in February 2016, when the SDF followed up on advances by the Syrian Armed Forces, backed by
2740:
14105:
3205:
2085:
7099:
In October and December 2016, the UN held a "Security Council Emergency Briefing on Syria" to discuss the situation in Aleppo. However, no agreement was reached. The United States Ambassador to the United Nations,
20761:
4846:
14233:"Numbers of civilian deaths per airstrike in 2023 Gaza far higher than previous Israeli bombings, but half that of Russian/Syrian attacks in Mosul and Aleppo. Under-reporting of the dead or less lethal tactics?"
10015:
4191:
15865:
20726:
16268:
8046:
16112:
9305:
6904:, expressed her "grave concern about possible damage to precious sites" and requested the combatants to "ensure the protection of the outstanding cultural legacy that Syria hosts on its soil". She cited the
4289:
9339:
7271:
11613:
5571:
foreign fighters, most of whom had Islamist goals and were not directly interested in Bashar al-Assad. They included Libyans, Chechens, and Frenchmen. Bérès contrasted the situation in Aleppo with that in
2355:
7880:
20801:
12670:
12639:
15581:
14884:
7637:
6703:
6159:
December, the evacuation was completed while the Syrian Army declared it had taken complete control of the city. Red Cross later confirmed that the evacuation of all civilians and rebels was complete.
2915:
12800:
20457:
11477:
11395:
11267:
10409:
6427:
The violations and abuses suffered by people across the country, including the siege and bombardment of eastern Aleppo, are not simply tragedies; they also constitute crimes of historic proportions.
3403:
6373:(SOHR) gave a similar number: it registered that 1,612 days of fighting for Aleppo left 21,452 civilians dead. Among them were 5,261 children under the age of 18 and 2,777 women over the age of 18.
20791:
11929:
11334:
4282:
3963:
1768:
The YPG was neutral at the start of the battle in 2012, semi-allied with the rebels 2012–2014, neutral 2015–2016, and semi-allied with the Syrian Army during the final offensive in late 2016 (see
20776:
12831:
3757:
2348:
2172:
5904:
19293:
15736:
8248:
7517:
4703:
4611:
2733:
15547:
8299:
7090:
the regime, but mostly these people are unified by their resistance to the opposition" and people having experienced "a rebellion that is corrupt, brutal and compromised by foreign sponsors".
6687:
Russians exceed the regime in some kinds of violations" and he noted the similarities between the kinds of war crimes and violations committed by Russian forces and those of the Assad regime.
5500:
issued a resolution with a vote of 137 in favour, 12 against, and 17 abstentions, and called on Syria "to immediately put an end to all human rights violations and attacks against civilians."
12609:
7726:
3198:
2908:
2078:
5579:, where foreign forces were not common. Some FSA brigades cooperated with Mujahideen fighters. By 2016, the rebel factions still included internationally recognized terrorist groups such as
20781:
12462:"Five years of conflict: the state of cultural heritage in the Ancient City of Aleppo; A comprehensive multi-temporal satellite imagery-based damage analysis for the Ancient City of Aleppo"
12125:
6322:
6171:
had agreed to hand over the eastern districts of the city of Aleppo to the Syrian government. According to Syrian state television, this decision was made to reinforce positions around the
4839:
3396:
12326:
12234:
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estimated that nearly 100,000 children were living under siege in Aleppo. The 2016 offensive cut off the city from food supplies, and last time eastern Aleppo was reached with significant
6275:, which was gaining ground in Deraa province south of Damascus, warned that a freeze in fighting in Aleppo could hamper their advance, as pro-Assad forces could be redirected from Aleppo.
14136:
14082:
7133:
said that Russia and Iran were responsible "for crimes committed against the Syrian population" by the Assad government and that these should not go unpunished. The US secretary of State
6256:
The attempted encirclement involved the SAA's attacks on Bustan Al-Pasha, Khalidiyyeh, the farms of Mazra'a Halabi, Al-Amariyya and Bustan Al-Qaseer. The rebels' strategic victory at the
6201:
in the Idlib and Aleppo countryside. On the 17th of February, they had regained control of the last rebel-held suburbs in Aleppo city, gaining full control for the first time since 2012.
5824:
reported that the rebels had regrouped to fight the Syrian army. Fifteen rebels were killed and the army recaptured the base. The following month, the army partially besieged the city in
4184:
3956:
19359:
16914:
9679:
8268:
19567:
18042:
11231:
10180:
8093:
6580:, barrel bomb attacks peaked between April and July 2014, with an average of 107 attacks per month, and decreased to an average of around 17 per month from September 2014 to March 2015.
5691:. Rebels over-ran several police stations and posts in the central and southern districts of Bab al-Nerab, Al-Miersa and Salhain, seizing a significant quantity of arms and ammunition.
2165:
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16442:
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civilians—while only one rebel was recorded among the fatalities. It concluded that the government forces in Aleppo deliberately targeted civilians and civilian objects, implemented "
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14748:
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9262:
7173:
also called on foreign powers to pressure the armed opposition to stop launching "terrorist attacks". The Russian Consulate General in Aleppo suspended operations on 16 January 2013.
5448:. An estimated 33,500 buildings have been either damaged or destroyed. It is considered one of the worst urban battles fought in the 21st century, due to its length and destruction.
19351:
13621:
4695:
3191:
2071:
13929:
19670:
13421:
7199:
strikes on Aleppo in late February 2013, saying they were "the latest of the Syrian regime's ruthlessness and its lack of compassion for the Syrian people it claims to represent".
6532:
in the battle. The Syrian Observatory of Human Rights stated that the Syrian army dropped 7,000 barrel bombs in the first five months of 2015, claiming the lives of 3,000 people.
5417:
to target rescue workers responding to previous strikes, summary executions of civilians and captured soldiers by both sides, indiscriminate shelling and use of highly inaccurate
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12295:
7844:
17174:
10813:
6676:
4177:
11968:
11168:
9633:
8596:
8332:
7253:
On 20 December 2016, the United Nations Security Council approved "adequate, neutral UN monitoring and direct observation on evacuations from the eastern districts" in Aleppo.
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18408:
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in Aleppo. They accused government forces of being the ones who executed the men since the bodies came down the river from the direction of government-held areas of the city.
1979:
1964:
1949:
1934:
1889:
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1430:
16888:
14852:
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and digital forensic research to reveal both the Syrian government's atrocities and those of its supporters in the final months of the siege of Aleppo. In March 2017, the UN
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By the end of 2015, only 80 doctors were left in eastern, rebel-held part of Aleppo, or only one for 7,000 residents, while only one bakery was left to serve 120,000 people.
20624:
19408:
14109:
12861:
6961:. The costs of reconstruction were estimated at between $ 35–40 billion. Al-Hakam Shaar and Robert Templer proposed that the deliberate destruction of Aleppo was a form of "
6683:
killed at least 82 civilians, including 11 women and 13 children, in the Bustan al-Qasr, al-Ferdous, al-Kallaseh, and al-Saleheen neighbourhoods on 12 and 13 December 2016.
4665:
20751:
20746:
20741:
20736:
20731:
18795:
13062:"Factions incur regime, the Russians, the Iranians and the Lebanese Hezbollah the biggest spiritual and military loss since 2013 • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights"
7944:
4000:
3750:
16385:
16181:
8158:
19071:
18246:
18062:
17699:
13275:
6198:
6090:
By 2016, it was estimated that the population of rebel-held Eastern Aleppo had been reduced to 300,000, while 1.5 million were living in government-held Western Aleppo.
4604:
4395:
4320:
2219:
1919:
1909:
15856:
15711:
13257:
12701:
8181:
20437:
17459:
16813:
16074:
12178:
10991:
9880:
8127:
7701:"After more than 1600 days and the death of about 21500 civilians… Bashar al-Assad's regime forces regain control of Aleppo city with the support of its loyal parties"
7142:
Mohammad Wahid Aqqad, said, "the Syrian people highly appreciate this humanitarian gesture of the Armenian people, underlining the strong Syrian-Armenian cooperation".
7026:
11069:
9313:
8043:
7169:, said that he cannot applaud at what happened in Aleppo, concluding it is "nothing but a two nights' joy and Tehran will be worrying for the next 30 years about it."
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18216:
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17591:
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4222:
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1969:
1954:
1939:
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1894:
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1864:
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14212:
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11717:
11643:
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18349:
18242:
18058:
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11604:
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6136:
in late October, which failed, with government forces retaking areas in the south-west that they had lost to the rebel's late July offensive. The Syrian Army then
4575:
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1914:
1904:
1899:
203:
13347:
12921:
12378:
11739:
8826:
6999:
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17859:
7192:
6926:
6914:
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were also used both by the Russian aviation and the Syrian government. Russia was directly accused of war crimes several times for its part in the battle at the
6447:
report, government forces have been responsible for the majority of violations in the conflict in Syria. Ravina Shamdasani, a spokesperson for the Office of the
4042:
3743:
3612:
2550:
13561:
11447:
9936:
6873:
reported that around 700 to 1000 shops were destroyed by the fire, which had been caused by firing and shelling. The following month, there were reports of the
19233:
18984:
18857:
18623:
18404:
17724:
17595:
13169:
12678:
12647:
7888:
5089:
4597:
4532:
1974:
1959:
1944:
1929:
1884:
1869:
1833:
14892:
13872:
11991:
7641:
7214:, as we have seen in Syria in recent months. It has to stop!". He also called the bombardment and destruction of the city a "dark chapter" in modern history:
19692:
18725:
18645:
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11258:
9957:
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5841:
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5642:
5135:
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3827:
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317:
12808:
11399:
8964:
7324:
Syrian government cuts the northern rebel supply route from Turkey in February 2016, and the last road into the rebel-held part of Aleppo city in July 2016.
6724:
6483:
in the rebel-held areas of the city. By the end of November 2016, no functional hospitals were left, and over 20,000 people were displaced by the fighting.
6194:
to help repel a Turkish assault. As a result, he said the pro-Syrian government forces had regained control of the districts previously controlled by them.
19026:
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18578:
16756:
12204:
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4336:
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2422:
17026:
16315:
15348:
11937:
11342:
10836:
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18889:
18825:
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17888:
17864:
17331:
17295:
17270:
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15258:
12069:
4971:
4090:
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plan; its military commander Zaher al-Saket said they had "learned not to trust the Assad regime because they are cunning and only want to buy time".
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3642:
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1418:
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15551:
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December 2016, as a symbol of solidarity, and thousands protested in Paris' Stravinsky Square against Russia's role in the destruction of the city.
7185:. Reuters also quoted a Doha-based source, which stated that Turkey, Qatar and Saudi Arabia were providing rebel fighters with weapons and training.
18919:
18181:
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17357:
17280:
12129:
8937:
8425:
5610:
5531:
At the beginning of the Battle of Aleppo, rebels reportedly had between 6,000 and 7,000 fighters in 18 battalions. The largest rebel group was the
4122:
2879:
2766:
2750:
2376:
10369:
10122:
7330:
On 12 December 2016, Syrian government forces had gained control of 98% of the formerly rebel-held east, and rebels were reportedly "near defeat".
20547:
20462:
20432:
19046:
18949:
18879:
18800:
18720:
18476:
17827:
17822:
17383:
15192:
13142:
12330:
12242:
11365:
10558:
8571:
4947:
4937:
4932:
4363:
4313:
4234:
4155:
4079:
3822:
3443:
2530:
2496:
13080:
9670:
9130:
7969:
19791:
19159:
19061:
18563:
18211:
17352:
17149:
16918:
11042:
10729:
10171:
7161:
praised the "Aleppo triumph" as a "defeat of the infidels". In contrast, Iranian reformist and former director of Western Asian affairs in the
6842:, "at least 23 civilians were killed by YPG shelling and sniper attacks" in opposition-held areas in the city between February and April 2016.
6665:
6287:
5977:(158 square miles) of territory in one month. By late December, reporting that they were in control of 3/4 of the southern Aleppo countryside.
5003:
4384:
3632:
3032:
2982:
2189:
17160:
16038:
11235:
10344:
9286:
8907:
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18598:
18568:
18511:
17958:
17515:
17290:
17260:
16446:
16012:
12550:
12435:
12151:
11507:
11118:
8022:
7566:
6137:
6126:
6009:
6001:
5697:
5422:
5283:
5273:
5037:
4895:
3670:
3637:
3517:
2626:
2225:
2053:
2030:
2016:
1769:
17056:
13797:
12527:
9270:
8531:
6825:
JFS rebels burnt buses meant to evacuate sick and elderly civilians from two rebel-besieged villages concurrently to the Aleppo evacuations.
6221:
described the strategic position of government forces in Aleppo as "dire", and said the Free Syrian Army had them "essentially surrounded".
5683:, a town north of Aleppo, gaining a direct route between the city and the Turkish border—an important rebel supply base. They also captured
20452:
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19634:
19622:
19617:
19600:
18909:
18665:
18354:
18032:
17893:
17741:
17607:
17439:
17409:
17326:
15188:
15092:
14752:
14341:
14315:
10075:
6941:
had been destroyed, was confirmed. According to official estimates, 1500 out of the 1600 shops in the souqs had been damaged or destroyed.
6742:
6480:
6420:
6383:
6249:
during an argument over the opposition advance in al-Rashadin, and other pro-government militia groups sent as reinforcements, such as the
6244:
In February 2014, it was reported that the army planned to encircle Aleppo and impose blockades and truces. It would also try to recapture
6133:
6005:
5871:
5799:
5601:
reported that 48 elite businessmen who were the primary financiers for the government switched sides. For the first time, the government's
5418:
5278:
5266:
5222:
5179:
4878:
4564:
4108:
3726:
3657:
3539:
3264:
3231:
3215:
2545:
2470:
2314:
2095:
1243:
17:
16237:
15493:
13933:
10457:
10101:
9910:
8695:
IRGC 'Basij' commander General Jabbar Drisawi was killed on the Handarat front north of Aleppo city five months later on October 16, 2014.
6972:
Satellite photographs taken before (2010) and after (late 2014) the destruction of the Old City of Aleppo near the Citadel, including the
20525:
20442:
19806:
19778:
19612:
19587:
19208:
18364:
18080:
17414:
17404:
17388:
15446:
12264:
9108:
7437:
6789:) group may have used chemical weapons in Sheikh Maqsood on 7 and 8 April 2016, based on reports of eight treated patients. In May 2016,
4912:
4873:
4856:
4511:
3275:
2783:
16560:
13036:"Factions meet the fighters of the besieged eastern neighborhoods of Aleppo and shelling and violent raids on the outskirts of the city"
9791:
7852:
19892:
19796:
19169:
18730:
18491:
18416:
17202:
16142:
14953:
14906:
12303:
11091:
10221:
6560:
wrote about the government dropping barrel bombs in July in the neighbourhood of al-Bab causing the death of 35 and injuring 50 others.
5082:
4998:
4986:
3832:
3583:
3478:
3302:
3107:
1826:
12486:
12352:
Danti, Michael D.; Cheikhmous Ali; Tate Paulette; Kathryn Franklin; Allison Cuneo; LeeAnn Barnes Gordon; David Elitzer (12 May 2015).
12095:
10484:
19801:
19179:
18548:
18431:
18149:
17684:
17003:
15143:
13723:
13606:
13439:
12047:
11769:
11172:
11154:
8340:
5993:
5234:
5032:
5020:
5015:
4501:
4444:
3607:
3328:
2855:
2263:
1196:
15529:
15511:
14978:
14052:
11906:
9070:
7799:
7206:, Special Advisor to the UN Special Envoy for Syria, stated in November 2016: "I have not seen a place where there has been so much
20706:
20537:
19687:
18904:
18894:
18660:
18339:
16892:
14859:
14553:
11194:
11140:
10243:
7817:
7615:
7117:, she addressed the Syrian, Russian and Iranian governments, asking them "are you truly incapable of shame?" UN humanitarian chief
6765:
reported in December 2014 that between July and December 2014 the rebels killed 204 civilians using hell cannons. Professor of Law
6347:
6228:, further isolating government forces in Aleppo and leaving only one route into Aleppo. By late January 2013 Deputy Prime Minister
5025:
4954:
4907:
4101:
4095:
4054:
3716:
3153:
3147:
2252:
13011:
12869:
12582:
7747:
1782:
20701:
19786:
19307:
19249:
19195:
19141:
18914:
18274:
18092:
17704:
17434:
16056:
14311:
12504:
10431:
10000:
9828:
9650:
6479:
before the Syrian re-capture was the beginning of July in 2016. The Syrian government, aided by Russian army, used war planes to
5261:
4966:
4708:
4569:
4115:
4073:
3534:
3027:
2811:
2230:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
16653:
15630:
14601:
14029:
12948:
11839:
6346:
in modern warfare, which left at least 31,273 people dead, almost a tenth of the overall Syrian war casualties at the time. The
4922:
20644:
20572:
19675:
19447:
19427:
19223:
18959:
18344:
17756:
17429:
16389:
16189:
14775:
14726:
14653:
12353:
9569:
9451:
8781:
7592:
6155:
Syrian Government resumed their intense bombing of eastern Aleppo, with both sides blaming the other for the resumed fighting.
4650:
4521:
4229:
4217:
4201:
3647:
3448:
3169:
3078:
2555:
2324:
2037:
16212:"The Governor of Aleppo and al-Baath Arab Socialist Party expressed their gratitude to the Armenians for the humanitarian aid"
6987:
20487:
19369:
19341:
19110:
19011:
18770:
18695:
18635:
18369:
18279:
18226:
17652:
15888:
15233:
10266:
10069:
8189:
7053:
Several days after the Syrian government's victory, Christmas was celebrated in Aleppo in public for the first time in years.
6889:
caused damage to the main gate and the prayer hall. The attack continued in the mosque till it was repelled by the army. The
6754:
6448:
6432:
5652:
carried out their very first attacks in Syria. The Russian bombing campaign included strikes against rebel forces in Aleppo.
5426:
5256:
5244:
5075:
4981:
4635:
4538:
4471:
4304:
3891:
3792:
3681:
3529:
3473:
3281:
3117:
2997:
2138:
1819:
16933:
16817:
14123:
Alawite fighters and officers to abandon locations such as Aleppo and southern Syria and retreat to defend their home towns.
13745:
13588:
13539:
12709:
12182:
9888:
9613:
7457:
Even though the Al-Tawhid Brigade mostly disintegrated in 2014, remnants of the group remained active in Aleppo until 2016.)
20786:
19697:
19437:
19302:
19154:
18785:
18506:
18501:
17419:
17275:
15157:
11791:
10319:
6706:
documented violations including chemical attacks and civilian executions perpetrated between 21 July and 22 December 2016.
6283:
6062:
5936:
5802:", an attempt to recapture territory in and around the city. Between 7 and 14 June, army troops, government militiamen and
5378:
The large-scale devastation of the battle and its importance led combatants to name it the "mother of battles" or "Syria's
5198:
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4680:
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3122:
3002:
2849:
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1206:
142:
10575:
8505:
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Five people, including three children, died as a result. A UN report found that the Syrian government used the prohibited
20654:
19849:
19041:
18558:
18384:
17662:
16337:
15979:
14260:
13845:
9011:
7704:
6762:
6370:
6272:
6093:
In early February 2016, Syrian government forces and their allies broke a three-year rebel siege of two Shi'ite towns of
5875:
4781:
4553:
4357:
3922:
3627:
3622:
3493:
3255:
2287:
19712:
17078:
15047:
12354:"ASOR Cultural Heritage Initiatives (CHI): Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria and Iraq, Weekly Report 40"
9982:
9809:
9694:
8858:
8800:
6497:
Between 29 January and 14 March 2013, opposition activists reported about 230 bodies were found on the banks and in the
6362:
Including both civilians and combatants combined, the casualties are between 35,000 to 45,000. According to a report by
6290:
in central Syria led some volunteers defending the Homs-Aleppo highway to consider deserting to defend their hometowns.
20567:
20557:
20422:
20401:
20381:
20366:
19748:
19422:
19322:
18964:
18017:
17849:
17637:
17475:
17316:
14079:"Jabhat al-Nusra and Islamic State's attempts at cutting Damascus-Homs highway would threaten Assad's control of Syria"
12925:
10200:"TORTURE WAS MY PUNISHMENT' ABDUCTIONS, TORTURE AND SUMMARY KILLINGS UNDER ARMED GROUP RULE IN ALEPPO AND IDLEB, SYRIA"
8833:
8682:
7407:
7327:
Syrian government siege of rebel-held parts of Aleppo from Summer into Fall 2016, two rebel counteroffensives repelled.
6954:
5401:
during the battle, including the use of chemical weapons by both Syrian government forces and rebel forces, the use of
4670:
4239:
2703:
2501:
2133:
2023:
867:
17170:
15214:
12386:
9176:
8759:
8452:
6366:, there were an average 22.9 civilians deaths per casualty-causing airstrike in Aleppo, the highest in modern times.
6182:
SOHR and a witness later said that Syrian government forces had entered the areas controlled by the Kurdish fighters.
20711:
20582:
20532:
20406:
20371:
19831:
19388:
19282:
18815:
18805:
18603:
18466:
18254:
18221:
17844:
17424:
17285:
17124:
16839:
16167:
16093:"'Is there literally nothing that can shame you?': US ambassador Power attacks Russia, Assad over 'crimes' in Aleppo"
13565:
11451:
10972:
10779:
10627:
9523:
8150:
7318:
Syrian government supply lines cut between October 2012 and October 2013, before being re-established from the south.
7236:
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4776:
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4018:
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3237:
3007:
2992:
1674:
1646:
1347:
1262:
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13495:
13173:
12985:
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13880:
13061:
12409:
11999:
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8070:
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7228:
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6641:
in Aleppo, causing "hundreds of civilian casualties". Human Rights Watch also condemned the Russian army for using
5712:
5539:, largely composed of army defectors. Most of the rebels came from the Aleppo countryside and from towns including
4738:
4640:
4481:
4138:
3458:
3379:
3056:
2257:
1855:
1663:
31:
16561:"Statement on Aleppo by UN High Commissioner for Refugees: Syria's conflict must be ended, now, and without delay"
15298:
14704:
11961:"6 citizens killed in al- Bab, and members on both the Islamic battalions and regime forces die in Aleppo clashes"
10890:
8119:
6780:
There have been reports that rebels have on multiple occasions indiscriminately shelled the predominantly Kurdish
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reported 14 deaths allegedly caused by the bombs in the Kallasa and Qasila neighbourhood of the city in June 2015.
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The situation in Aleppo on 20 August 2016, when both the rebels and Syrian government forces besieged each other
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95:
The situation in Aleppo on 20 August 2016, when both the rebels and Syrian Government forces besieged each other
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13196:"'It is past time for you to act' to end carnage in Aleppo, UN chief tells emergency Security Council session"
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7970:"Progress of the Brigades and the Islamic victory in Aleppo and killed the commander of the Republican Guard"
6359:(9,438 deaths), warplane bombardment (11,233 deaths), chemical and toxic gas attacks (46 deaths) and others.
6179:. This came days after pro-Syrian government fighters agreed to bolster the Kurdish forces in the northwest.
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6521:(ICC) to investigate war crimes in the Syrian Civil War, but the resolution was vetoed by Russia and China.
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14727:"Syria's 'Circle of hell': Barrel bombs in Aleppo bring terror and bloodshed forcing civilians underground"
14106:"Syrian opposition success in Idlib province likely to threaten Aleppo, Latakia, and Assad's hold on power"
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started an offensive against the rebel-held Base 80, launching "the heaviest barrage in more than a year".
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244:
83:
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15596:
Deprival of food, water, shelter and medical care – a method of war in Syria, and a crime against humanity
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From mid-to-late 2014, the Syrian government captures the eastern and northeastern approaches to the city.
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7,406 or 24% were military deaths. Causes of death were explosions (910 deaths), shelling (6,384 deaths),
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failure of an attack on a Kurdish neighborhood. The looting cost the rebel fighters much popular support.
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wrote that a government victory would cut the rebels' route between the city and al-Bab. Two days later,
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519:
17171:"Aleppo aerial campaign deliberately targeted hospitals and humanitarian convoy amounting to war crimes"
15842:
15000:
13465:
9855:
8479:
8429:
6471:". During that phase of the offensive, about 250,000 civilians were left in the city. In November 2016,
6143:
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13903:
11552:"Syria: Fighting In Aleppo Continues Between Assad Forces And Rebels Near Supply Road, Historic Mosque"
10702:
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in late March 2015, which helped expand the influence of the al-Nusra Front, forced the Islamic State (
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said all supply routes to Aleppo had been cut off by opposition forces, comparing the situation to the
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79:
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13662:
11478:"Ambushes and air strikes as Syrian regime fight rebels street-by-street to gain possession of Aleppo"
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16075:"'Are you incapable of shame?': Samantha Power criticises Syria, Iran and Russia over Aleppo – video"
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2274:
15512:"Russian military report mass graves of civilians in Syria's Aleppo - Middle East - DW - 26.12.2016"
13517:
10756:
9937:"Civilians in east Aleppo say they're being shot at by rebels to stop them leaving during the truce"
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363:
156:
132:
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17689:
17116:
12702:"Hezbollah, Syrian Army control 3/4 of southern Aleppo after completing phase 2 of the offensive"
8637:
7386:
7106:
6399:
6147:
5383:
4407:
4160:
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3721:
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2506:
2247:
1687:
1593:
530:
480:
14438:"Zeid tells Council siege and bombardment of Aleppo "constitute crimes of historic proportions""
11396:"Syrian rebels seize strategic checkpoint between Aleppo and Turkey, according to rebel officer"
7177:
5939:
complex, the wool souk and al-Hatab Square were heavily damaged or destroyed by the explosions.
5832:, killing more than a thousand people, according to the Free Syrian Army's Abu Firas Al-Halabi.
4687:
20811:
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19257:
19218:
18869:
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18319:
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18007:
17970:
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16241:
15838:
15789:"UNESCO Director-General deplores destruction of ancient Aleppo markets, a World Heritage site"
15287:
Aleppo demands ‘bold action,’ including limiting use of Security Council veto – UN rights chief
11930:"Al- Jabha al- Islameyyi and Jaysho al- Muhajereen wal al- Anasar seize Manasher al- Brej area"
10172:"Aleppo horror: dozens of civilians killed in Russian and Syrian strikes and rebel bombardment"
9914:
9172:
7593:"Syrian Baath militia commander goes rags-to-riches – Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East"
7344:
7158:
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2643:
2613:
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2464:
2400:
2235:
1406:
770:
253:
20767:
Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
14580:"Syria: Amid 'chilling' situation in Aleppo, 16,000 flee intense fighting, UN aid chief warns"
14510:"Syria: UN envoy urges action to avert mass hunger in eastern Aleppo ahead of 'killer' winter"
12272:
18899:
18379:
17570:
17545:
17444:
14414:
13218:"Syrian Government 'palpably failing' to ensure safety of its people – UN human rights chief"
9197:
7336:
City divided between a government-held west and rebel-held east, with two northern districts
7076:
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6601:
6533:
6444:
5617:
5406:
4084:
3297:
3164:
2307:
1651:
1335:
1113:
259:
In December 2016, pro-government forces gained control of all of the formerly rebel-held east
243:
City divided between a government-held west and rebel-held east, with two northern districts
15965:
11095:
6326:). This reduced the forces available to try to lift the siege of Aleppo, ensuring its fall.
6109:
were recaptured by government forces. On 5 February, the government captured the village of
5759:
2930:
20502:
20141:
19902:
19728:
19702:
19228:
18760:
18573:
18324:
18289:
18122:
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17953:
17642:
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17265:
16731:
16517:"UN invited to monitor and assist fresh evacuation efforts under way in war-ravaged Aleppo"
16363:
15918:"Assad supporters celebrate victory over Aleppo as last rebels are evacuated from the city"
14137:"Syrian civil war: Can Assad's regime survive the onslaught from Isis and Jabhat al-Nusra?"
11687:
11213:
10199:
8053:
7881:"Two Brigades of Kata'eb Hezbollah Arrive in Aleppo Amid the Presence of General Suleimani"
6619:
6545:
The Syrian government was accused of using the barrel bombs many times. Some of them were:
6443:
Aleppo suffered catastrophic damage during the four-year siege and battle. According to an
6334:
6129:
to capture eastern Aleppo on 22 September, taking 15–20% of the rebel-held part of Aleppo.
6014:
5997:
5672:
5379:
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3101:
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2821:
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2143:
1442:
1401:
1292:
613:
289:
7492:"Syrian Army goes all in on Aleppo as more reinforcements pour into the city – Map update"
7333:
Syrian government and allies' victory reported on 12 December and declared on 13 December.
6653:
by the ambassadors of the United Kingdom, the United States and France, due to its use of
6573:
of Turkey wrote that the bombs launched by the government forces in July killed 15 people.
5042:
8:
20321:
20276:
20241:
19753:
19557:
19336:
19001:
18837:
18191:
18171:
17992:
17975:
17876:
17778:
17555:
16594:
15026:"War crimes committed by all parties in battle for Aleppo – UN-mandated inquiry on Syria"
14485:"With 500,000 children living under siege in Syria, UNICEF calls for humanitarian access"
14463:"UN rights office concerned at continuing hostilities in both western and eastern Aleppo"
12671:"Syrian Army and Hezbollah Capture 408 Square Kilometers of Territory in Southern Aleppo"
8878:"Syria rebel leader says his men are ready to take on Assad's forces in fight for Aleppo"
7242:
7166:
7114:
6977:
6945:
6918:
6793:'s regional director suggested that the attacks on Sheikh Maqsood constitute war crimes.
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1637:
1035:
549:
15131:
14680:"Russia, China block Security Council referral of Syria to International Criminal Court"
14004:
13977:
12801:"Syrian Army captures Mayir and Kafr Naya in new northern Aleppo offensive - Map update"
12564:
11017:"Assad's Aleppo backers abandon him, some shift support, cash to rebels in risky gamble"
10514:
9727:
9212:
8094:"The people who live on Aleppo's fiercest frontline have fled. Only the fighters remain"
7821:
7265:
A pro-Syrian Revolution and anti-Assad and anti-Putin protest in Paris, 14 December 2016
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14797:
14654:"Syria: the story behind one of the most shocking images of the war | World news"
14213:"Civilian death rate in Israeli airstrikes higher than in past conflicts, study finds"
14186:
13373:
13098:
11281:
10945:
9506:
9040:
7638:"Infographic: 'Fatah Halab' Military Operations Room – Coalition of 31 Rebel factions"
7396:
6566:
alleged the government dropped the bombs in May, leading to the death of 72 civilians.
6209:
Rebel forces expanded into the countryside south of Aleppo to control sections of the
3132:
2890:
20807:
Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the Popular Mobilization Forces
20619:
20326:
20281:
19882:
19877:
19653:
19562:
19518:
18874:
18075:
17788:
17347:
17120:
16013:"Christmas In Aleppo: Photos, Video Show Christians Celebrate Assad Victory In Syria"
15950:
15315:
Mark A. Summers, "Barrel bombs and hell canons [sic] fuel conflict in Aleppo"
15062:
14396:
12461:
10065:
9941:
9702:
7297:
7247:
7219:
6890:
6588:
6542:
reported that videos have emerged online showing the Syrian army using barrel bombs.
6352:
5649:
5616:
At the beginning of the battle, Aleppo's Kurds formed armed groups, most notably the
5532:
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5332:
4766:
4068:
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2777:
2416:
2240:
1700:
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1454:
1311:
801:
424:
12986:"Analysis: Why The Battle For Aleppo Could Change The Direction Of The War In Syria"
12436:"The Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016): Destruction of the Ghazala House (Beit Ghazaleh)"
9455:
8832:(Report). The Washington Institute for Near East Studies. p. 45. Archived from
5795:; and during the battle, the mosque's museum caught fire and its ceiling collapsed.
20797:
Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the People's Protection Units
20296:
20286:
20266:
20256:
20161:
20151:
20146:
20084:
20043:
20028:
19733:
19383:
19267:
18593:
18516:
18102:
17926:
17881:
17832:
17815:
17810:
17657:
17622:
17250:
17211:
16238:"Red Cross to pull some staff out of Syria as world powers fear Aleppo 'slaughter'"
16097:
15998:"Between ISIS and Assad, Mideast Christians Celebrate Christmas Under War's Shadow"
15997:
14386:
14376:
12832:"Syrian Army, Hezbollah capture the strategic village of Rityan in northern Aleppo"
10292:"'Crimes of historic proportions' being committed in Aleppo, UN rights chief warns"
9093:
7412:
7110:
7072:
6949:
wrote that the scale of devastation of Aleppo "evoked comparisons with cities like
6695:
6476:
6262:
6101:, cutting off a main insurgent route to nearby Turkey. On 4 February, the towns of
6072:
6032:
6022:
5736:
5703:
5680:
5602:
5536:
5457:
5410:
5372:
5336:
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2791:
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2534:
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2148:
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1092:
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912:
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720:
688:
667:
494:
468:
388:
152:
112:
87:
70:
56:
15070:"Most Syrians killed in unlawful conventional attacks, UN human rights panel says"
14286:"UN has to Ensure the Safety and Fate of IDPs from Aleppo's Eastern Neighborhoods"
13276:"Aleppo: 3,000 to leave destroyed Syrian city after evacuations stalled for a day"
12640:"Jabha Shamiya commander blames 'complete lack of coordination' for Aleppo losses"
11209:
10320:"The Destruction of Aleppo: The Impact of the Syrian War on a World Heritage City"
9958:"Syria: UN considers role in Russia's 'deeply flawed' humanitarian corridors plan"
7126:, dismissed his speech, saying: "If I wanted to be preached at, I'd go to church".
6968:
6492:
6402:. Food prices also grew astronomically during the war. A kilogram (two pounds) of
5628:(PYD), were formed later in 2013. The PYD had poor relations with both sides. Its
20311:
20216:
20191:
20114:
20104:
20099:
20089:
20038:
20033:
19605:
18700:
18521:
18087:
17854:
17677:
17550:
17454:
17110:
14381:
13258:"Aleppo evacuation resumes after Syrian rebels, pro-government forces reach deal"
9177:"Kurdish Rebels in Northwest Syria: Interview with Harakat Salah al-Din al-Kurdi"
8390:
8050:
7432:
7359:
7301:
7064:
7038:
6958:
6882:
6867:, a major souq (market) in Aleppo, was affected by a fire in September 2012. The
6851:
6750:
6730:
Doctors and medical staff treating injured rebel fighters and civilians in Aleppo
6633:
6610:
5928:
5911:
5489:
5476:
5304:
3799:
2806:
2692:
2484:
2279:
1693:
1542:
1149:
1070:
598:
579:
564:
377:
17112:
The Syrian Jihad: Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State and the Evolution of an Insurgency
16539:"'Aleppo now synonym for hell,' Ban warns in final press conference as UN chief"
16443:"'World must speak out to avert a massacre in Aleppo,' says UK foreign minister"
16338:"Russia Condemns Terrorist Acts in Aleppo, Calls for Immediate Halt of Violence"
15767:"Director-General of UNESCO appeals for protection of Syria's cultural heritage"
14261:"2704 Civilians, including 746 Children, have been killed by the Russian Forces"
13329:
13311:
13293:
12351:
11795:
11195:"Syria Daily, Dec 4: Free Syrian Army & Kurds Sign Truce in Aleppo Province"
10992:"Bashar al-Assad Lost The Support of Aleppo's Wealthy When the Shelling Started"
10222:"Iran brutalizing Aleppo, executing 'most atrocious war crimes' of 21st century"
10055:
Czuperski, Maks; Itani, Faysal; Nimmo, Ben; Higgins, Eliot; Beals, Emma (2017).
9131:"Abu Ahmad al-Maghrebi (Ibrahim Bencheqroun), un vétéran du Jihad mort en Syrie"
8269:"British convert to Islam vows to fight to the death on Syrian rebel front line"
7675:
6505:
was able to identify at least 147 victims, all male and aged between 11 and 64.
20542:
20251:
20221:
20171:
20156:
20136:
20124:
20109:
20094:
20018:
19331:
18112:
17997:
17871:
17773:
17617:
16185:
15609:"Syria: UN human rights chief denounces hardship wrought on Aleppo's residents"
15111:"UN officials condemn attacks against aid convoy and warehouse in rural Aleppo"
13124:
7306:
7282:
7207:
7123:
7101:
7068:
7021:
city. This was significantly different from the news coverage of the sieges of
6864:
6814:
6786:
6781:
6638:
6570:
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6343:
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5924:
5919:
5852:
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2293:
2108:
1618:
1559:
1554:
1530:
1084:
643:
628:
263:
122:
19979:
16341:
16143:"UN chief calls security council's failure on Aleppo 'our generation's shame'"
10291:
9156:
430:
20695:
20306:
20271:
20226:
20196:
20176:
20131:
20119:
19966:
19743:
18097:
18012:
17647:
16840:"Syrian army clashes with rebels in Aleppo, regains full control of Handarat"
16138:
16113:"Samantha Power denounces Syria and Russia over alleged war crimes in Aleppo"
14312:"Syria: Aleppo "One of the most devastating urban conflicts in modern times""
10432:"Syria: Aleppo "One of the most devastating urban conflicts in modern times""
10035:"Assad 'dropped 13,000 illegal barrel bombs on Syria in 2016', watchdog says"
9774:"Rebel shelling kills children at school in west Aleppo: government, monitor"
9706:
9363:
7374:
7188:
7130:
6818:
during the siege, allowing civilians to starve while they remained well-fed.
6654:
6646:
6597:
6391:
6342:
With over four years of fighting, the Battle of Aleppo represents one of the
6302:
6245:
5621:
5606:
5429:
warned that "crimes of historic proportions" were being committed in Aleppo.
3768:
3765:
2796:
2709:
2205:
2118:
1189:
703:
218:
205:
16889:"[Map] Syrian Army attempts to capture new sites in southern Aleppo"
15259:"Syrian rebels' Aleppo offensive could amount to war crimes, UN envoy warns"
11504:"Syrian forces blast rebel-held districts of Aleppo, according to activists"
10240:"Syrian Islamist rebels renew chemical attack on Kurdish district in Aleppo"
10117:
10115:
9741:"Russia's Brutal Bombing of Aleppo May Be Calculated, and It May Be Working"
9263:"In Syria, Hezbollah forces appear ready to attack rebels in city of Aleppo"
9071:"Aleppo Battle: Al Qaeda's Jabhat Al-Nusra Is Friend To Syrian Rebel Groups"
8015:"Senior Palestinian paramilitary commander killed by rebel forces in Aleppo"
20772:
Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the Syrian government
20236:
20211:
20186:
20181:
19989:
19627:
19572:
15263:
14400:
14217:
13400:"Syrian Kurdish YPG Denies Government Entered Kurdish-Held Aleppo District"
8226:
7277:"Save Aleppo" demonstration near Russian Embassy in Tokyo, 17 December 2016
7154:
6897:
6797:
6773:, a legal expert previous assigned to the Office of the Prosecutor for the
6704:
Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic
6191:
6172:
6102:
5660:
5645:, and they themselves took territory north of Aleppo city from the rebels.
5512:
5508:
5344:
1564:
1518:
1323:
1279:
1139:
753:
335:
20757:
Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the Free Syrian Army
16847:
15966:"Aleppo's Christians Celebrate Christmas and Hope for the Return of Peace"
14285:
12543:"Shells kill 9 civilians in Aleppo city, clashes continue around the city"
12440:
Syrian Heritage Archive of the Museum for Islamic Art/ Berlin State Museum
9423:"Violations Documentation Center in Syria: Aleppo (19-07-2012–22-12-2016)"
9394:"Eastern Aleppo may be 'totally destroyed' by end of year, warns UN envoy"
8333:"Syrian Kurdish forces reject regime request to leave positions in Aleppo"
6675:
Following the re-capture of parts of Aleppo by the Syrian government, the
20634:
20316:
20246:
20231:
20206:
10142:
10140:
10112:
9856:"Children among the dead as violence touches both sides of Aleppo divide"
9012:"Rebels fighting against al-Assad rule fragmented, disorganized in Syria"
8965:"With sudden advances in Aleppo, Islamic State provokes counteroffensive"
7365:
7232:
7203:
6886:
6869:
6746:
6699:
6529:
6498:
6460:
6229:
6225:
5946:
5829:
5811:
5787:
5520:
5516:
5493:
5481:
5402:
1054:
476:
451:
435:
331:
20762:
Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the al-Nusra Front
16211:
12520:"Rebel and Islamic battalions take control on al-Rashdin area in Aleppo"
10757:"Battles for key cities of Aleppo, Damascus heat up in Syrian civil war"
10703:"War for Aleppo: battle rages in city that will determine fate of Syria"
9983:"Syrian government forces used chemical weapons in Aleppo: rights group"
6626:
and other ill-treatment among the prisoners—and that this constitutes a
5586:
19999:
16215:
15548:"Syria regime claims finding 21 civilians executed by rebels in Aleppo"
10529:"Syria violence spreads to commercial capital Aleppo | World news"
8601:
7134:
6801:
6468:
6451:, issued a statement in November 2016 which said that "strikes against
5552:
5398:
2370:
1267:
20727:
Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving chemical weapons
15788:
15659:"Syria's Looted Past: How Ancient Artifacts Are Being Traded for Guns"
15093:"Russia accused of war crimes in Syria at UN security council session"
13348:"Kurdish Militia YPG to Hand Over Syrian Army Neighborhoods in Aleppo"
10137:
9588:
9570:"The fall of Aleppo timeline: How Assad captured Syria's biggest city"
9364:
Maria Nelson; Alaa Nassar; Waleed Khaled a-Noufal (21 December 2017).
8149:
Solomon, Erica; Karouny, Mariam; Heavens, Andrew (28 September 2012).
7616:"Quwat Dir' Al-Amn Al-Askari: A Latakia Military Intelligence Militia"
7049:
1145:
20291:
15766:
15530:"Civilians killed by Assad barrel bombs near Damascus, activists say"
15378:"Syria: Armed opposition groups committing war crimes in Aleppo city"
14652:
Chulov, Martin; Khalili, Mustafa; Payne-Frank, Noah (10 March 2013).
14237:
13422:"Syrian YPG militia: government has taken control of Aleppo district"
13039:
11141:"Victory Army and YPG trade accusations over Sheikh Maqsoud crossing"
9133:[Jihad veteran killed in Syria]. 3 April 2014. Archived from
7700:
7059:
6821:
6106:
6098:
5932:
5848:
5835:
5803:
5688:
5594:
5413:
on populated areas by Russian and Syrian forces, the carrying out of
5356:
1080:
349:
15472:"Russian General Staff: Militants driven out of all Aleppo quarters"
15158:"U.N. Investigators Say Syria Bombed Convoy and Did So Deliberately"
14885:"Syrian and Russian forces targeting hospitals as a strategy of war"
14776:"Syria: Assad regime barrel bombs kill at least 35 people in Aleppo"
13065:
12735:
11899:"20 soldiers in regime forces killed during clashes in al-Brej area"
10485:"Brief History of Aleppo: A Great World City Now in the Grip of War"
10102:"Syria war: 'unthinkable atrocities' documented in report on Aleppo"
9158:المرصد السوري: الحزب التركستاني وتنظيم جند الأقصى شاركا في معارك حلب
8453:"Aleppo rebels wait anxiously for Bashar al-Assad's elite to attack"
5983:
5973:
unsuccessful counter-attack against the Scientific Research Center.
5884:
Aleppo residents waiting in a bread line during the Syrian civil war
5675:, a district in the city's southwest, on the night of 19 July 2012.
5371:(YPG). The battle began on 19 July 2012 and was part of the ongoing
4619:
20802:
Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving Ahrar al-Sham
20009:
19957:
17180:
12763:"Battles rage across Aleppo as Assad regime fights to quell rebels"
10462:
Multimedia Newsroom of the International Committee of the Red Cross
10123:"Syria: Russia's shameful failure to acknowledge civilian killings"
9634:"Badly armed rebels face tanks as Syria's mother of battles begins"
8938:"The Moderate Rebels: A Complete and Growing List of Vetted Groups"
8213:
6962:
6563:
6538:
6464:
6452:
6356:
6218:
5914:, in preparation for an assault on government troops in April 2015.
5771:
5740:
5671:
Gunfire between rebels and security forces broke out in and around
5598:
5544:
5391:
5348:
5067:
1811:
64:
17027:"Syrian Observatory for Human Rights: Aleppo battle is at its end"
15299:"Syrian rebel 'hell cannons' kill 300 civilians: monitoring group"
14853:""Death Everywhere": War Crimes and Human Rights Abuses in Aleppo"
14532:"UN health agency denounces attacks on health facilities in Syria"
13240:"Syrian official says operation begins to evacuate eastern Aleppo"
13143:"At least 500 fighters killed in a week in Aleppo battle: monitor"
12782:"Syrian army and allies breaks rebel siege of Shi'ite towns: army"
9388:
9386:
8711:
8366:
7800:""Terrifying" scene as thousands penned in by Syrian army advance"
7377:—Siege of the city of Homs (2012–2014) during the Syrian Civil War
7223:
there to assist the people of Aleppo when they needed us the most.
6609:
The government denied using barrel bombs. In an interview to BBC,
4199:
3213:
16264:
15889:"Syria's Assad Says Aleppo 'Liberation' Is History In The Making"
15857:"Syria army in 'crucial and heroic battle', says Bashar al-Assad"
15302:
14858:. Amnesty International. May 2015. pp. 7, 15. Archived from
14365:"War and Infectious Diseases: Challenges of the Syrian Civil War"
11217:
10727:
8760:"Russian military adviser killed by shelling in Aleppo: agencies"
8404:"One Of The Founders Of The Kurdish Front In Aleppo Was Martyred"
7195:, said, "the world must speak out to avert a massacre in Aleppo".
6938:
6922:
6623:
6557:
6395:
5847:
government soldiers that had resisted rebel forces since 2012. A
5821:
2748:
2187:
1171:
20792:
Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving Quds Force
15980:"Aleppo Christians celebrate holiday in hope peace has returned"
15447:"And the Oscar Goes to… A Simplified Story of Syria's Civil War"
15234:"Syria regime, rebels committed war crimes in Aleppo – UN probe"
14798:"Syria crisis: 'Barrel bomb strikes kill 72' in Aleppo province"
14417:. The International Committee of the Red Cross. 29 November 2016
12265:"Syrian army takes control of strategic village north of Aleppo"
10267:"'Hell Cannons' Have Slaughtered More Than 300 Syrian Civilians"
9810:"Russia says two of its medics killed in Aleppo hospital attack"
7727:"Endgame in Aleppo, the most decisive battle yet in Syria's war"
6761:
primarily to "terrorize the inhabitants of western Aleppo". The
20777:
Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving Hezbollah
17481:
Relations between Syrian government and Kurdish groups in Syria
17245:
17175:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
16917:. channelnewsasia.com. AFP/ec. 5 September 2016. Archived from
16262:
16039:"Aleppo Christians celebrate Christmas as Pope calls for peace"
15792:
15471:
15336:
Amnesty says Syrian rebels maybe guilty of war crimes in Aleppo
15319:
10526:
10458:"Urban Warfare: No one is spared as cities become battlefields"
9757:
9383:
8403:
7656:
6901:
6718:
Wounded civilians arrive at the Aleppo hospital in October 2012
6677:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
6669:
6472:
6456:
6110:
5684:
5556:
5540:
5463:
5442:
5432:
After four years of fighting, the battle represents one of the
5364:
5324:
4854:
2093:
192:
16978:"Battle for Aleppo is over as rebels withdraw, monitor claims"
16636:
16634:
16617:"Security Council approves UN monitors for Aleppo evacuations"
15215:"Activists urge U.N. to cite Russia, Iran war crimes in Syria"
12733:
12327:"Syria Rebels Attack Government Intelligence Center in Aleppo"
12048:"Fierce Fighting Near Aleppo as UN Envoy Pushes Truce in City"
11840:"Aleppo ceasefire 'worth studying,' says Assad - Toronto Star"
11636:"Rebel brigades check loyalist advances in Aleppo: opposition"
11232:"Syria Kurds advance in north Aleppo following regime victory"
10916:"Jihadists join Aleppo fight, eye Islamic state, surgeon says"
10730:"Syria crisis: Assad's new offensive in Aleppo – live updates"
9614:"Syria's long, brutal civil war may be reaching turning point"
9540:
8735:"Fight for Syria's Aleppo exposes limits of Russian air power"
7005:
A destroyed factory in Aleppo, Karm al Jabl area, 4 March 2013
20625:
Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference
17240:
17077:
Cafarella, Jennifer; Casagrande, Genevieve (7 October 2015).
16565:
15400:"Middle East Concerns grow about abuses, war crimes in Syria"
14619:
14441:
14415:"Aleppo: Around 20,000 flee their homes over past three days"
13689:"Syrian army captures strategic town at approaches to Aleppo"
12892:"Syrian army says cut off all supply routes into east Aleppo"
12610:"Syrian troops repel militants attack on Aleppo neighborhood"
11818:"Syria army breaks rebel siege of Aleppo central prison: NGO"
10806:"Aleppo residents caught in crossfire losing faith in rebels"
10194:
10192:
10190:
10001:"Kurdish Officials: Rebels May Have Used Chemicals in Aleppo"
9728:
BBC witnesses devastation of Syrian air bombardment on Aleppo
8908:"INSIGHT-Syria rebels see future fight with foreign radicals"
8664:"The Local Defence Forces: Regime Auxiliary Forces in Aleppo"
7289:
7182:
6403:
5572:
5563:. However, the next day the rebels withdrew their rejection.
5467:
5340:
5328:
1272:
489:
284:
20782:
Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving Russia
16915:"IS ousted from Turkey border as Syria army besieges Aleppo"
16587:
16410:
16340:. Syrian Arab News Agency. 11 September 2012. Archived from
15631:"Syria Rebel Group Deprived Us of Food Say Aleppo Civilians"
15580:. Beirut. Associated Press. 26 December 2016. Archived from
14266:. Syrian Network for Human Rights. 17 August 2016. p. 4
13607:"Syria rebels seize key checkpoint near Aleppo airport: NGO"
13540:"Syrian Rebels Seize Major Dam in North " VOA Breaking News"
13312:"Syrian army announces victory in Aleppo in boost for Assad"
10680:"General Assembly demands Syria halt violence without delay"
9881:"The Latest: Syrian gov't: rebel shelling of Aleppo kills 8"
9111:. Washington Institute for Near East Policy. 4 February 2013
8480:"Syria's Assad tours Aleppo, orders more troops into battle"
8363:""YPG" Command Killed in Sheikh Maksoud's battles of Aleppo"
7676:"Syrian army announces victory in Aleppo in boost for Assad"
7518:"In Syria, Hezbollah forces mass around Aleppo to aid Assad"
7283:
Protests in solidarity with anti-government forces in Aleppo
6190:
commander later stated that Kurdish fighters had shifted to
5470:'s largest city, with a population of 2.5 million people. A
16631:
16269:"Iran pledges support for Syria as battle rages for Aleppo"
15494:"21 civilians 'executed' by rebels in Aleppo - state media"
14187:"Ceasefire in Syria: Turkish policy sets Syria on new path"
13466:"Syria rebels win support from Britain, battle in Damascus"
11155:"YPG, allies clash with Syrian opposition groups in Aleppo"
9340:"Al-Qaeda affiliate playing larger role in Syria rebellion"
7903:
6094:
5807:
was heading for two Shiite villages northwest of the city.
5764:
5576:
5548:
5360:
1238:
779:
585:
358:
302:
16386:"World cannot 'remain spectators' over Aleppo: Turkish PM"
15574:"The Latest: Turkey wants more air support from coalition"
15423:
15189:"Syria: Aleppo terror and slaughter must be halted – Zeid"
12179:"Aleppo: Jabhat Al-Nusra Forestalled at southern Handarat"
10973:"Syrian rebels fight on for Aleppo despite local wariness"
10780:"Syrian rebels fight on for Aleppo despite local wariness"
10628:"Syrian rebels fight on for Aleppo despite local wariness"
10402:"Aleppo confronts vast destruction left by 4 years of war"
10187:
10054:
9829:"Syrian rebels shell government-held Aleppo neighbourhood"
7567:"Array of pro-Syrian government forces advances in Aleppo"
6813:
Denial of water and sanitation is considered a war crime.
6753:
firing gas cylinders packed with explosives and shrapnel.
4459:
16316:"Iranian reformist diplomat: Iran will reap what it sows"
15020:
15018:
14504:
14502:
14435:
13930:"Jabhat al-Nusra deals Syrian regime major blow in Idlib"
13663:"Assad forces take Aleppo village, reopening supply line"
13402:. U.S. News & World Report. Reuters. 22 February 2018
11740:"Syria army retakes parts of base by Aleppo airport: NGO"
11605:"Syria: Assad forces massing for major assault on Aleppo"
11577:"Umayyad Mosque In Aleppo Seized By Syria Rebels (VIDEO)"
10891:"Syrian rebels sidetracked by scramble for spoils of war"
10395:
10393:
8597:"Inside Syria: Aleppo's Christians arm against Islamists"
7211:
6775:
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
6187:
6183:
6168:
20630:
International recognition of the Syrian National Council
16870:"Syrian army fire cuts only road into rebel-held Aleppo"
16057:"A Christmas tree lighting in western Aleppo was bombed"
15946:"Russia says it has found mass graves in eastern Aleppo"
15048:"Syria/Russia: Incendiary Weapons Burn in Aleppo, Idlib"
14651:
12740:
Tvergastein Interdisciplinary Journal of the Environment
10509:
10507:
10505:
10370:"Syrian war takes heavy toll at a crossroad of cultures"
10014:
Hauslohner, Abigail; Ramadan, Ahmed (24 December 2013).
9911:"Syria rejects idea of rebel autonomy in eastern Aleppo"
7383:—Battle for the control of Damascus and its surroundings
6980:(Carlton Hotel, shown in the left centre of the picture)
6536:
reported that barrel bombs killed 3,000 people in 2014.
5661:
2012: Initial rebel attack and capture of Eastern Aleppo
17057:"UNESCO: 30 percent of Aleppo's ancient city destroyed"
16413:"Secret Turkish nerve center leads aid to Syria rebels"
16168:"Kerry: Aleppo onslaught 'nothing short of a massacre'"
14907:"'Barrel-bomb attack' targets mosque in Syria's Aleppo"
13746:"Tensions Grow Between Hezbollah and the Syrian Regime"
11210:"The Army of Rebels joined the Mare' Operations Room!!"
11119:"Turkey Pulse: Kurds eye new corridor to Mediterranean"
10946:"Arab League brands Hezbollah a terrorist organisation"
9854:
Elwazer, Schams; Smith-Spark, Laura (13 October 2016).
9306:"4,000 Hezbollah fighters reach rebel-held Aleppo: FSA"
7945:"Third day of fighting at Syria-Turkey border crossing"
6845:
6528:
adopted Resolution 2139 which ordered the end of using
5828:. During the offensive, Army helicopters attacked with
30:"Battle of Aleppo" redirects here. For other uses, see
16590:"What the siege of Sarajevo can teach us about Aleppo"
15940:
15938:
15181:
15015:
14499:
13081:"Syria rebels try to break government siege in Aleppo"
12565:"Syria military resists major rebel assault in Aleppo"
12410:"Aleppo's famed Old City left 'unrecognisable' by war"
12296:"Blast, fierce clashes rock Syrian regime Aleppo base"
10390:
9171:
8782:"Russian Special Forces Seen as Key to Aleppo Victory"
8661:
8249:"Top al-Qaida operative killed in Syria suicide blast"
8151:"Syria rebels struggle to advance in Aleppo offensive"
7845:"Barrel bombings cause mass evacuation in east Aleppo"
5748:
4869:
Foreign intervention on behalf of Syrian Arab Republic
19693:
National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change
17155:
Aleppo: Key dates in battle for strategic Syrian city
17004:"Syria army 'in final moments' before Aleppo victory"
15349:"Russia shows support to Kurdish-led SDF north Syria"
15144:
UN: Both sides committed war crimes in Syria's Aleppo
15091:
Borger, Julian; Shaheen, Kareem (26 September 2016).
14005:"Syria war: Southern rebels see US as key to success"
13978:"Syria conflict: Rebels capture key Idlib army bases"
13873:"Aleppo Battle Map: SAA Prepares to Envelop the City"
11792:"Syria: Intense Aleppo offensive prompts mass exodus"
11169:"Kurds in northwest Syria declare state of emergency"
10502:
10345:"Syria death toll: UN envoy estimates 400,000 killed"
10148:"Russia/Syria: War Crimes in Month of Bombing Aleppo"
9758:
Schams Elwazer; Laura Smith-Spark (13 October 2016).
9522:
Barnard, Anne; Sengupta, Somini (26 September 2016).
9089:"Chechen commander leads Muhajireen Brigade in Syria"
8204:
8148:
8067:"Syria: Army of the Mujahideen Challenges ISIS Gains"
7590:
6186:
spokesman Nouri Mahmoud however denied this claim. A
5990:
Combat operations in 2016 during the Battle of Aleppo
5866:
Combat operations in 2015 during the Battle of Aleppo
5842:
Combat operations in 2014 during the Battle of Aleppo
5755:
Combat operations in 2013 during the Battle of Aleppo
5667:
Combat operations in 2012 during the Battle of Aleppo
16934:"Syrian troops reverse rebel advance west of Aleppo"
16641:
Aleppo Syria: Global shows of solidarity over Aleppo
16294:"Iran sermon: Muslims defeated 'infidels' in Aleppo"
15712:"Syria rebels battle army in landmark Aleppo mosque"
15155:
14979:"Syria: Fresh chemical attack on Aleppo a war crime"
14847:
14845:
14843:
14841:
14705:"'There are no barrel bombs': Assad's Syria 'facts'"
13562:"Aleppo like Leningrad under siege – Syrian Dep. PM"
13496:"AP Exclusive: Syrian rebels seize base, arms trove"
12070:"Rebel counter-attack, storms halt Aleppo offensive"
11259:"Syrian air base 'seized by Kurds and their allies'"
10527:
Martin Chulov in Beirut; Nour Ali (12 August 2011).
9651:"Fears about the 'mother of all battles' for Aleppo"
8733:
Tsvetkova, Maria; Lowe, Christian (29 August 2016).
8300:"Syrian rebel commander killed in Aleppo: statement"
7742:
7740:
7355:
7129:
At an EU summit in December 2016, German Chancellor
6908:
for protecting the heritage sites. A 2014 report by
5927:
launched an operation in the old city of Aleppo and
5318:
1789:
20752:
Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2016
20747:
Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2015
20742:
Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2014
20737:
Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2013
20732:
Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2012
17332:
Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war
17076:
16814:"Government Troops Advance in Syria's Largest City"
15935:
15645:"Aleppo battle: Rebels burn Syria evacuation buses"
15156:Cumming-bruce, Nick; Barnard, Anne (1 March 2017).
14929:"Syria conflict: President Assad on weapons of war"
14602:"Bodies in Syria river likely killed in govt areas"
14554:"Syria war: Aleppo hospital bombed for second time"
13170:"Complete battlefield update from east Aleppo: map"
13012:"What the Rebel Loss of Aleppo Will Mean for Syria"
12575:
11992:"Violent clashes around Aleppo and its countryside"
11710:"Syrian army closes in on Aleppo after dawn attack"
11366:"Syrian army pounds Aleppo, rebels claim successes"
11307:Starr, Barbara; Labott, Elise (28 September 2016).
11070:"Syria rebels to target intel, as Assad hails army"
10837:"Syrian Islamists Reject Western-Backed Opposition"
10728:Matthew Weaver and Brian Whitaker (8 August 2012).
8726:
8631:Sherlock, Ruth; Malouf, Carol (13 September 2012).
7662:
7029:forces, where the civilian losses were downplayed.
6150:
in a demining operation in Aleppo, 18 December 2016
5798:
On 9 June, the Syrian Army announced the start of "
1762:(in the whole province; including 21,452 civilians)
86:, residents of Aleppo wait in line for food, and a
17165:United Nations Institute for Training and Research
16956:
15855:
14375:(11). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e1004438.
14050:
13711:
13304:
13294:"Aleppo evacuation resumes after day-long hold-up"
12329:. abcnews.go.com. Associated Press. Archived from
12119:
12117:
11603:
11257:
10170:
9887:. Associated Press. 7 October 2016. Archived from
9853:
9669:
9632:
9213:"Syria conflict: Troops 'mass for Aleppo assault'"
8827:The Shiite Jihad in Syria and Its Regional Effects
8267:
7235:declared: "Aleppo is now a synonym for hell". The
5836:2014: Syrian government encirclement of the rebels
15737:"Aleppo citadel hit by shelling, says opposition"
15225:
15176:Aleppo battle: UN says civilians shot on the spot
14838:
14749:"At least 14 killed in Aleppo barrel-bomb attack"
13846:"Aleppo Now A De Facto 'Partition City' In Syria"
13099:"Syria rebels 'break government siege' of Aleppo"
12949:"Syrian rebels vow to intensify Aleppo offensive"
12922:"Battle for Aleppo: A Rebel Breakthrough or Bust"
12583:"Syrian rebels advance in government-held Aleppo"
12022:"Syria regime forces launch new Aleppo offensive"
10515:Aleppo: Is besieged Syrian city facing last gasp?
10013:
9929:
9695:"The Battle for Aleppo, Syria's Stalingrad, Ends"
9109:"The Syrian Islamic Front: A New Extremist Force"
8211:Syria air strike hits Islamist brigade leadership
7748:"Syrian rebels advance in government-held Aleppo"
7737:
7509:
7343:Thirty percent of the UNESCO World Heritage Site
6993:The Citadel of Aleppo was damaged during the war.
6657:and incendiary bombs on urban residential areas.
5984:2016: Supply lines cut, surrender, and evacuation
5620:, which worked with the opposition. Units of the
5390:proposed to end the battle by giving East Aleppo
20817:Attacks on hospitals during the Syrian civil war
20693:
16182:"Armenian Humanitarian Aircraft Lands in Aleppo"
15331:
15329:
14356:
13622:"Syrian rebels push offensive for major airport"
12862:"Syrian Army begins North west Aleppo offensive"
12729:
12727:
12205:"Regime forces take control on Hendarat village"
11471:
11469:
9524:"Syria and Russia Appear Ready to Scorch Aleppo"
9068:
8426:"Report: Maher al-Assad Commanding Homs Assault"
8173:
8044:Syrian top rebel commander announces resignation
7668:
7305:Amman, with some protesters burning pictures of
5968:In early July, two rebel coalitions launched an
5583:; they numbered 1,000 fighters in October 2016.
4623:Syrian War spillover and international incidents
18890:Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict
18801:Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate
17384:International reactions to the Syrian civil war
16787:"Aleppo prison siege 'broken by Syrian troops'"
16688:"Syrian rebels claim control of strategic town"
16388:. Al Jazeera. AFP. 28 July 2012. Archived from
16364:"Moscow suspends consular operations in Aleppo"
15444:
15193:Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights
14954:"If You Kill the People They'll Be Against You"
14645:
14363:Sharara, Sima; Kanj, Souha (13 November 2014).
14165:
13589:"Battle for Syria's Aleppo airport intensifies"
13330:"Aleppo evacuation is complete, Red Cross says"
12734:Al-Hakam Shaar, Robert Templer (January 2016).
12607:
12487:"Rebel shelling kills dozens in Syria's Aleppo"
12385:. World Bulletin. 29 April 2015. Archived from
12154:. syriadirect.org. 9 March 2015. Archived from
12114:
11666:"Syria troops launch major offensive in Aleppo"
11506:. Al Jazeera. AFP. 30 July 2012. Archived from
11398:. Al Jazeera. AFP. 30 July 2012. Archived from
9541:Luke Harding and Martin Chulov (22 July 2012).
9521:
9425:. Violations Documenting Center. Archived from
8820:
8818:
8419:
8417:
7992:"Syrian MP killed publicly by FSA firing squad"
7296:on 18 December 2016 in solidarity with Aleppo.
6414:
5590:A destroyed government tank on a road in Aleppo
4948:2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria
4902:Foreign intervention in behalf of Syrian rebels
17301:Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)
16680:
15440:
15438:
15392:
13432:
12760:
12235:"Syrian troops fully recapture strategic town"
11858:"Syria 'seriously studying' UN truce proposal"
10865:"Aleppo rebels retract rejection of coalition"
10721:
10653:Harding, Luke; Chulov, Martin (22 July 2012).
9760:"Aleppo violence touches both sides of divide"
9517:
9515:
9366:"Aleppo city, one year after the final battle"
9284:
9210:
8630:
8471:
8227:"FSA mourns senior commander killed in Aleppo"
8182:"Key rebel commander killed in Syria's Aleppo"
7989:
7640:. Archicivilians. 18 June 2015. Archived from
7044:
6645:in Aleppo, in violation of international law.
6167:On 22 February 2018, it was reported that the
5355:) against the Syrian government, supported by
17196:
17092:
16757:"Syrian Army Ends Opposition Siege on Aleppo"
16411:Regan Doherty and Amena Bakr (29 July 2012).
16137:
15326:
15090:
14627:"Syria: A Stream of Bodies in Aleppo's River"
13956:"UN's Aleppo ceasefire plan hangs in balance"
12724:
12062:
11876:"Syrian rebels reject UN's Aleppo truce plan"
11466:
11422:"Rebels claim victory in Syria's al-Bab town"
11335:"Fierce fighting in Syria's Aleppo:activists"
10700:
10652:
9792:"Aleppo's children slaughtered on both sides"
8875:
8732:
8591:
8589:
8450:
8120:"Top Syrian rebel commander dies from wounds"
7909:
7874:
7872:
7870:
6796:Rebel groups such as the al-Nusra Front, the
5083:
4840:
4605:
4445:
4290:
4185:
3964:
3751:
3404:
3199:
2916:
2734:
2356:
2173:
2079:
1827:
603:(Russian Aerospace Forces Commander-in-Chief)
183:(4 years, 5 months and 3 days)
18043:Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (Dec–Jan)
17440:2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria
17327:Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war
17141:"Aleppo After the Fall" by Robert F. Worth,
16469:"US fears Syria planning massacre in Aleppo"
15474:. Russian News Agency TASS. 15 December 2016
14342:The International Committee of the Red Cross
14316:The International Committee of the Red Cross
14030:"IS' Hama incursion threatens Nusra's gains"
13440:"Syria forces consolidate control of Aleppo"
13250:
13054:
12983:
12798:
12779:
12152:"Rebels claim advances in gateway to Aleppo"
12096:"Syrian Rebels Regain Territory Near Aleppo"
11530:"Syria 'secures chemical weapons stockpile'"
11475:
11282:"Russia joins war in Syria: Five key points"
11009:
10655:"Syrian rebels fight Assad troops in Aleppo"
9827:Aji, Albert; Mroue, Bassem (11 April 2015).
9543:"Syrian rebels fight Assad troops in Aleppo"
9507:Syria war: Why the battle for Aleppo matters
9452:"Syrian Rebels and Kurdish Group Sign Truce"
8824:
8815:
8683:"The Regime's Military Capabilities: Part 2"
8423:
8414:
8388:Syria's Kurds: Civil Wars Within a Civil War
8091:
7614:Al-Tamimi, Aymenn Jawad (3 September 2016).
6409:
6384:The International Committee of the Red Cross
5918:On 13 April, Islamist opposition forces and
46:
27:Military confrontation in Aleppo (2012–2016)
20583:Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal
17823:Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013)
17389:Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war
16816:. abcnews. Associated Press. Archived from
16710:"Competing Groups Vie for Control of Syria"
16588:Lionel Beehner, Mike Jackson (9 May 2016).
15911:
15909:
15435:
15372:
15370:
15232:Simon, Ben; Ahren, Raphael (1 March 2017).
14362:
14051:Barnard, Anne; Hwaida Saad (1 April 2015).
13647:"Syria army seizes key Aleppo airport road"
12829:
12699:
12668:
11357:
11306:
10754:
10576:"Syria: What motivates an Assad supporter?"
10559:Students Are Assailed at a Protest in Syria
9873:
9512:
9227:
9006:
9004:
8859:"Emboldened Syrian rebels push into Aleppo"
8572:"Militias form as Aleppo clashes stalemate"
8552:
8069:. Al Akhbar. 6 January 2014. Archived from
7983:
7564:
7438:List of wars and battles involving al-Qaeda
6698:'s Digital Forensic Research Lab, utilized
6421:Russian hospital bombing campaigns in Syria
6197:Throughout the start of 2020, the SAA made
4858:Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war
20578:First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal
19527:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region
18726:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)
18487:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)
17203:
17189:
16954:
16445:. Al Jazeera. 27 July 2012. Archived from
16240:. Al Arabiya. 27 July 2012. Archived from
15886:
15845:, Vol. 40 No. 14 · 19 July 2018 pages 9-10
15231:
13904:"Assad army bases fall to al-Qaeda allies"
13720:"Syrian army to impose blockade in Aleppo"
13374:"Syrian pro-government forces enter Afrin"
12940:
12505:"Rebel fighters advance in Syria's Aleppo"
12497:
12123:
11766:"Syrian army to impose blockade in Aleppo"
11147:
11089:
10888:
10748:
9913:. Xinhua. 20 November 2016. Archived from
9287:"Syrian rebels fight Hezbollah in Lebanon"
8902:
8900:
8898:
8851:
8626:
8624:
8622:
8620:
8586:
8327:
8325:
8251:. 24News. 23 February 2014. Archived from
7867:
7775:"Historic souk burns in battle for Aleppo"
7695:
7693:
7691:
7689:
7591:Edward Dark Columnist (19 November 2013).
7246:compared the destruction of Aleppo to the
6587:the start of the conflict... Hospitals in
5090:
5076:
4847:
4833:
4612:
4598:
4452:
4438:
4297:
4283:
4192:
4178:
3971:
3957:
3758:
3744:
3411:
3397:
3206:
3192:
2923:
2909:
2741:
2727:
2363:
2349:
2180:
2166:
2086:
2072:
1834:
1820:
20458:International demonstrations and protests
18564:September Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack
17860:Rif Dimashq offensive (Nov 2012–Feb 2013)
17161:Map showing level of building destruction
17093:Cafarella, Jennifer; Zhou, Jason (2019).
16958:"Syria Expands Control to Most of Aleppo"
16330:
15418:One Kurdish Neighborhood in the Crossfire
14436:Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein (21 October 2016).
14390:
14380:
14053:"ISIS Said to Step Up Offensive in Syria"
12608:Aji, Albert; Bassem Mroue (7 July 2015).
11309:"Aleppo teeters but no sign of US action"
10606:"Syrian Druze: Toward Defiant Neutrality"
10318:Bandarin, Francesco (20 September 2022).
10242:. Ara News. 14 March 2016. Archived from
10232:
10125:. Amnesty International. 23 December 2015
9671:"Aleppo 'is becoming Syria's Stalingrad'"
9236:"Syria: Battle for Aleppo – live updates"
9064:
9062:
8798:
8555:"Reports from Aleppo - December 8th 2016"
8532:"Syrian Airline Cancels Flight to Aleppo"
7792:
7613:
6893:was damaged during Syrian army shelling.
6010:Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)
6002:Aleppo offensive (September–October 2016)
5994:Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016)
5859:
20604:Universal jurisdiction trials in Germany
19688:Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution
17024:
16975:
16907:
15906:
15367:
15351:. ARA News. 14 June 2016. Archived from
15341:
13770:
13764:
13125:"Who Is Laying Siege to Whom in Aleppo?"
13030:
13028:
11116:
10599:
10597:
10436:International Committee of the Red Cross
10317:
10032:
9826:
9446:
9444:
9337:
9233:
9161:. Sarmad Network Plus. 23 February 2016.
9123:
9001:
8987:"Syrian rebels lose key Aleppo district"
8962:
8708:"Four Iranian officers killed in Aleppo"
7923:"Syrian strikes on Aleppo 'kill dozens'"
7766:
7560:
7558:
7048:
6967:
6838:Amnesty reported that, according to the
6820:
6369:The pro-opposition monitoring group the
6348:Violations Documentation Center in Syria
6338:Aleppo, Karm al Jabal neighborhood, 2013
6333:
6142:
6085: Confrontation or unclear situation
6021:
6013:
6006:Aleppo offensive (October–November 2016)
5941:
5910:Rebel forces use tunnel bombs under the
5899:
5879:
5872:Aleppo offensive (October–December 2015)
5758:
5585:
5507:
5386:to resolve the conflict peacefully. The
5323:) was a major military confrontation in
165: Confrontation or unclear situation
17668:Rif Dimashq clashes (Nov 2011-Mar 2012)
17435:US intervention in the Syrian civil war
15706:
15704:
15003:. Human Rights Watch. 28 September 2016
14981:. Amnesty International. 11 August 2016
14824:"Barrel-bomb attacks kill 15 in Aleppo"
14773:
14210:
14161:
14159:
14157:
14103:
14076:
14002:
13901:
13686:
12293:
11601:
11363:
11207:
11043:"Assad's man directs battle for Aleppo"
10908:
10889:Abdul-Ahad, Ghaith (27 December 2012).
10835:Kennedy, Elizabeth (19 November 2012).
10834:
10603:
10482:
10168:
10099:
9955:
9667:
9648:
9630:
9333:
9331:
8895:
8617:
8322:
8265:
7686:
7630:
7556:
7554:
7552:
7550:
7548:
7546:
7544:
7542:
7540:
7538:
7485:
7483:
7481:
7479:
7477:
7475:
7473:
7340:-held, from July 2012 to November 2016.
7309:because of Russia's role in the siege.
6467:are now commonplace, and may amount to
5681:seized a strategic checkpoint in Anadan
5655:
5492:began on 15 March 2011, as part of the
1770:November–December 2016 Aleppo offensive
1723:2,000–4,000 Lebanese Hezbollah fighters
1121:46th Special Forces (Airborne) Regiment
14:
20694:
19072:Northwestern offensive (Dec 19–Mar 20)
18350:Northwestern Syria offensive (Oct–Nov)
17108:
17095:"Russia's Dead-End Diplomacy in Syria"
16880:
16036:
15429:
14699:
14697:
14338:"Syria: Aleppo civilians under attack"
14184:
13927:
13717:
13564:. RIA. 29 January 2012. Archived from
13476:from the original on 30 September 2015
12459:
12124:al-Khatieb, Mohammed (13 March 2015).
11646:from the original on 24 September 2015
11234:. Now. 4 February 2016. Archived from
11171:. Now. 2 December 2015. Archived from
11090:Wilgenburg, Wladimir (8 August 2012).
10989:
10970:
10926:from the original on 24 September 2015
10862:
10777:
10539:from the original on 30 September 2013
10313:
10311:
10309:
10264:
10050:
10048:
9738:
9692:
9417:
9415:
9413:
9411:
9260:
9101:
9059:
8662:Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (23 May 2016).
8657:
8655:
8566:
8564:
8486:from the original on 24 September 2015
8477:
8161:from the original on 27 September 2015
8130:from the original on 24 September 2015
8059:
8012:
7489:
6323:Turkish military intervention in Syria
6278:The Syrian government's defeat at the
6273:Southern Front of the Free Syrian Army
5624:, part of the FSA and allied with the
5488:Nationwide protests against President
5480:as Syria's commercial capital. Author
4461:Idlib ceasefire (March 2020 – present)
618:(Russian intervention force commander)
247:-held, from July 2012 to November 2016
90:fighter walking among rubble in Aleppo
20573:Idlib demilitarization (2018–present)
20343:
20073:
19499:
19360:April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike
19180:Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict
18920:Southern Damascus offensive (Apr–May)
18885:Southern Damascus offensive (Jan–Feb)
18796:Northwestern campaign (Oct 17–Feb 18)
18786:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Sep 17–Mar 18)
17501:
17222:
17184:
16976:Mckernan, Bethan (13 December 2016).
16955:Abdulrahim, Raja (12 December 2016).
16931:
16886:
16811:
15915:
15651:
15132:Syria aid convoy attack: What we know
14751:. Middle East Monitor. Archived from
13870:
13818:
13660:
13542:. Blogs.voanews.com. 26 November 2012
13167:
13025:
12984:Patrikarakos, David (4 August 2016).
12959:
12914:
12324:
12176:
11448:"Rebels use tanks to attack air base"
11270:from the original on 12 January 2022.
10594:
10324:Cultural Heritage and Mass Atrocities
10183:from the original on 12 January 2022.
10150:. Human Rights Watch. 1 December 2016
9682:from the original on 12 January 2022.
9645:from the original on 12 January 2022.
9534:
9475:
9473:
9441:
8792:
8779:
8680:
7878:
7515:
6833:
6755:UN High Commissioner For Human Rights
6449:UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
6433:UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
6309:
6224:On 26 November 2012, rebels captured
6204:
5739:fighters battle government forces in
5427:UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
5071:
4828:
4593:
4433:
4278:
4173:
3952:
3739:
3392:
3187:
2904:
2722:
2344:
2161:
2067:
1815:
19698:Syrian Revolution General Commission
19438:January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria
18217:Second Battle of the Shaer gas field
17420:Turkish occupation of northern Syria
17210:
17025:McDowall, Angus (12 December 2016).
16656:. bundesregierung.de. 15 August 2016
16010:
15868:from the original on 12 January 2022
15701:
15380:. Amnesty International. 13 May 2016
15050:. Human Rights Watch. 16 August 2016
15001:"Syria: New Deadly Chemical Attacks"
14154:
14134:
13928:al-Haj, Mustafa (19 December 2014).
13902:Soloman, Ericka (16 December 2014).
13798:"West Aleppo faces unending assault"
13699:from the original on 4 November 2013
13586:
11958:
11927:
11746:. Business Standard. 8 November 2013
11720:from the original on 3 February 2014
11616:from the original on 12 January 2022
11157:. Middle East Eye. 29 November 2015.
10399:
10202:. Amnesty International. 5 July 2016
10033:McKernan, Bethan (11 January 2017).
9586:
9338:Ignatius, David (30 November 2012).
9328:
8280:from the original on 12 January 2022
7772:
7535:
7470:
7227:In his last press conference as the
7093:
7032:
6917:, destroyed to its foundations in a
6846:Destruction of the city and heritage
6063:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
6041: Opposition control (including
5960:positions in Aleppo, 2 October 2015.
5937:Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha Complex
5527:positions in Aleppo, 2 October 2015.
5523:in Aleppo, coordinates an attack on
5097:
4681:Turkish occupation of northern Syria
3828:2nd East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict
3464:1st East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict
1841:
1207:Forces of the Fighters of the Tribes
569:(Head of Aleppo military operations)
143:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
121: Opposition control (including
20655:Syrian civil war in popular culture
20548:UN Security Council Resolution 2118
18477:Northern Aleppo offensive (Mar–Jun)
18167:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb–Jul)
18150:First Battle of the Shaer gas field
16654:"Aleppo is a reminder to the world"
16170:. Deutsche Welle. 16 December 2016.
16011:Eyad, Alhosein (22 December 2016).
15445:Robert F. Worth (6 February 2020).
15113:. UN News Centre. 20 September 2016
15072:. UN News Centre. 16 September 2013
14729:. Amnesty international. 5 May 2015
14694:
12547:Syrian Observatory For Human Rights
12524:Syrian Observatory For Human Rights
12507:. Al Jazeera English. 18 June 2015.
12407:
12209:Syrian Observatory For Human Rights
11996:Syrian Observatory For Human Rights
11965:Syrian Observatory For Human Rights
11934:Syrian Observatory For Human Rights
11903:Syrian Observatory For Human Rights
11067:
10812:. 27 September 2012. Archived from
10608:. Foreign Policy Research Institute
10568:
10306:
10045:
9668:Spencer, Richard (11 August 2012).
9567:
9481:"Syria: Ruling over Aleppo's Ruins"
9408:
9081:
8942:Democratic Revolution, Syrian Style
8799:al-Jaffal, Omar (29 October 2013).
8652:
8633:"Christians take up arms in Aleppo"
8561:
8266:Spencer, Richard (16 August 2012).
8179:
7773:Peel, Michael (30 September 2012).
7705:Syrian Observatory for Human Rights
7451:
7347:has been destroyed in the fighting.
6763:Syrian Observatory for Human Rights
6371:Syrian Observatory for Human Rights
5965:shelling killed 19 more civilians.
5749:2013: Advances and counter-advances
5367:, and against the Kurdish-majority
5308:
1802:The location of Aleppo within Syria
47:
24:
20558:2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement
19749:Authenticity and Development Front
19423:2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown
19418:December 2011 Turkish border clash
19209:Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes
18666:Southwestern Daraa offensive (Feb)
18579:Western al-Bab offensive (Oct–Nov)
18437:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Feb–Mar)
17705:December Jabal al-Zawiya massacres
17476:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria
17430:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria
17317:Casualties of the Syrian civil war
16932:Mroue, Bassem (13 November 2016).
16891:. almasdarnews.com. Archived from
16619:. UN News Centre. 20 December 2016
16541:. UN News Centre. 16 December 2016
16519:. UN News Centre. 15 December 2016
16366:. Edition.cnn.com. 16 January 2013
16115:. 14 December 2016. Archived from
15968:. TIME Magazine. 25 December 2016.
15684:"Souk burns as Aleppo fight rages"
15550:. 27 December 2016. Archived from
14582:. UN News Center. 29 November 2016
14534:. UN News Center. 17 November 2016
14512:. UN News Center. 10 November 2016
14487:. UN News Center. 28 November 2016
14185:Sayigh, Yezid (30 December 2016).
13687:Solomon, Erika (1 November 2013).
13587:Surk, Barbara (23 February 2013).
13220:. UN News Center. 14 December 2016
13198:. UN News Center. 13 December 2016
12967:"Syria regime in Aleppo fightback"
12616:. Associated Press. Archived from
12540:
12517:
11989:
11896:
11143:. Syria:direct. 30 September 2015.
10863:Atassi, Basma (20 November 2012).
10682:. UN News Centre. 16 February 2012
10408:. Associated Press. Archived from
10169:Sanchez, Raf (25 September 2016).
9693:Wright, Robin (13 December 2016).
9470:
8780:Grove, Thomas (16 December 2016).
8681:Kozak, Christopher (26 May 2015).
8304:The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon
8013:Tomson, Chris (28 November 2016).
7949:The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon
7490:Tomson, Chris (25 November 2016).
6976:(shown above at the left) and the
6800:and the Ahrar al-Sham established
4961:U.S.-led intervention against ISIL
262:The YPG controls Kurdish-majority
25:
20828:
19448:Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident
19389:Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut
19342:April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike
18910:Northern Homs offensive (Apr–May)
18895:Southern Damascus offensive (Mar)
18636:Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)
18502:May Jableh & Tartous bombings
18452:February Sayyidah Zaynab bombings
18417:Second Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin
18370:East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)
17757:Idlib Governorate operation (Apr)
17425:Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone
17134:
16887:Fadel, Leith (8 September 2016).
16423:from the original on 27 July 2012
16318:. alarabiya.net. 14 December 2016
16296:. alarabiya.net. 16 December 2016
16188:. 16 October 2012. Archived from
15916:Nabih, Bulos (21 December 2016).
15289:", UN News Centre, 10 April 2016.
14465:. UN News Center. 1 November 2016
14211:Sabbagh, Dan (10 November 2023).
13168:Fadel, Leith (28 November 2016).
13078:
12946:
12736:"Urbicide or an Elegy for Aleppo"
12433:
10990:Giglio, Mike (1 September 2012).
10971:Chulov, Martin (21 August 2012).
10778:Chulov, Martin (21 August 2012).
10294:. UN News Center. 21 October 2016
9956:Shaheen, Kareem (5 August 2016).
9739:Fisher, Max (29 September 2016).
9454:. 6 November 2012. Archived from
9234:Siddique, Haroon (29 July 2012).
9069:Alessandria Masi (9 March 2015).
8478:Holmes, Oliver (2 October 2012).
8428:. Syriareport.net. Archived from
7237:UN High Commissioner for Refugees
7153:As the Battle of Aleppo started,
7015:
6493:Queiq § Queiq River Massacre
5648:Starting in late September 2015,
5515:Yasser Abdul Rahim, commander of
5397:There were frequent instances of
4696:Jordanian–Syrian border incidents
1675:Movement of Salah al-Din the Kurd
1647:Harakat Fajr ash-Sham al-Islamiya
1197:Military Intelligence Directorate
814:(al-Tawhid Brigade top commander)
20676:
20675:
20392:2017 Northern regional elections
20024:Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria
19635:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition
19500:
19150:Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah
19047:Turkish offensive into northeast
19027:Northwestern offensive (Apr–Aug)
18915:Eastern Qalamoun offensive (Apr)
18584:Khan al-Shih offensive (Oct–Nov)
18427:January Sayyidah Zaynab bombings
17695:Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush
17576:2010s in Syria political history
17322:Refugees of the Syrian civil war
17049:
17018:
16996:
16969:
16948:
16925:
16862:
16832:
16805:
16779:
16749:
16724:
16702:
16668:
16646:
16609:
16581:
16553:
16531:
16509:
16483:
16461:
16435:
16404:
16378:
16356:
16308:
16286:
16256:
16230:
16204:
16174:
16160:
16131:
16105:
16085:
16067:
16049:
16030:
16004:
15990:
15972:
15958:
15880:
15848:
15832:
15807:
15781:
15759:
15729:
15676:
15637:
15623:
15601:
15588:
15566:
15540:
15522:
15504:
15486:
15464:
15410:
15308:
15292:
15279:
15251:
15207:
15168:
15149:
15137:
15125:
15103:
15084:
15040:
14993:
14971:
14946:
14921:
14899:
14877:
14816:
14790:
14767:
14741:
14719:
14672:
14594:
14572:
14546:
14524:
14477:
14455:
14429:
14407:
14330:
14304:
14278:
14253:
14225:
14204:
14178:
14128:
14108:. IHS Jane's 360. Archived from
14104:Abi Ali, Firas (27 April 2015).
14097:
14081:. IHS Jane's 360. Archived from
14077:Abi Ali, Firas (12 April 2015).
14070:
14044:
14022:
14003:Ghattas, Kim (9 December 2014).
13996:
13970:
13948:
13921:
13895:
13871:Fadel, Leith (5 November 2014).
13864:
13838:
13819:Caris, Charlie (18 March 2014).
13812:
13790:
13771:Mulcaire, Jack (22 April 2014).
13738:
13680:
13639:
13580:
13554:
13532:
13510:
13488:
13458:
13414:
13392:
13366:
13340:
13322:
13286:
13268:
13232:
13210:
13188:
13161:
13135:
13117:
13091:
13072:
13009:
13003:
12977:
12884:
12854:
12823:
12799:Chris Tomson (4 February 2016).
12792:
12780:Laila Bassam (4 February 2016).
12773:
12761:Kareem Shaheen (8 August 2016).
12754:
12700:Leith Fadel (22 December 2015).
12693:
12669:Leith Fadel (14 November 2015).
12662:
12632:
12601:
12557:
12534:
12511:
12479:
12453:
12427:
12401:
12383:] advance to central Aleppo"
12371:
12345:
12318:
12287:
12257:
12227:
12197:
12170:
12144:
12088:
12040:
12014:
11983:
11952:
11921:
11890:
11868:
11850:
11832:
11810:
11784:
11758:
11732:
11702:
11680:
11658:
11628:
11602:Spencer, Richard (9 June 2013).
11595:
11569:
11544:
11522:
11496:
11440:
11414:
11388:
11327:
11300:
11274:
11250:
11224:
11201:
11197:. EA Earthview. 4 December 2015.
11187:
11161:
11133:
11117:Taştekin, Fehim (22 June 2015).
11110:
11083:
11061:
11035:
10983:
10964:
10938:
10882:
10856:
10828:
10798:
10771:
10694:
10672:
10646:
10620:
10551:
10520:
10483:Tharoor, Ishaan (27 July 2012).
10476:
10450:
10424:
10400:Laub, Karin (23 December 2016).
10362:
10337:
10284:
10265:Fields, Liz (12 December 2014).
10258:
10214:
10162:
10093:
10026:
10007:
9993:
9975:
9949:
9649:Hermant, Norman (28 July 2012).
9631:McElroy, Damien (28 July 2012).
9396:. UN News Center. 8 October 2016
9211:Richard Galpin (5 August 2012).
8963:Joscelyn, Thomas (1 June 2015).
7990:Anita McNaught (1 August 2012).
7879:Fadel, Leith (19 October 2015).
7842:
7381:Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign
7358:
7270:
7258:
7229:United Nations Secretary-General
6998:
6986:
6723:
6711:
6681:Iraqi Shi'ite paramilitary group
6666:aid convoy was attacked at night
6481:systematically bombard hospitals
6241:Airbase and Aleppo Power Plant.
5723:
5711:
5696:
5423:2016 Syrian government offensive
4923:Tomb of Suleyman Shah relocation
4807:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
4767:2024 Iranian airstrikes in Syria
4235:Iranian Eastern Euphrates strike
1788:
1781:
1699:
1681:
1668:
1664:Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria
1657:
1631:
1612:
1605:
1587:
1575:
1548:
1536:
1524:
1494:
1484:
1461:
1448:
1436:
1424:
1412:
1395:
1378:
1359:
1341:
1329:
1317:
1305:
1286:
1256:
1237:
1214:
1183:
1160:
1144:
1133:
1107:
1091:
1079:
1069:
1059:
1048:
1029:
996:
989:
969:
956:
942:
929:
892:
850:
778:
775:(FSA Aleppo top commander, 2013)
764:
737:
714:
702:
681:
660:
637:
622:
607:
592:
573:
558:
543:
524:
513:
501:
488:
475:
462:
444:
429:
418:
404:
393:
382:
371:
357:
343:
330:
311:
295:
283:
78:A destroyed tank in Aleppo, the
69:
63:
32:Siege of Aleppo (disambiguation)
20707:Battles of the Syrian civil war
20588:Syrian Constitutional Committee
19934:International Freedom Battalion
19532:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
18930:Deir ez-Zor offensive (May–Jun)
18880:Rif Dimashq offensive (Feb–Apr)
18826:Battle of Deir ez-Zor (Sep–Nov)
18681:East Aleppo offensive (Jan–Apr)
18656:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan–Feb)
18646:Desert campaign (Dec 16–Apr 17)
18512:Rif Dimashq offensive (Jun–Oct)
18492:Rif Dimashq offensive (Apr–May)
18432:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb)
18300:Battle of Nasib Border Crossing
18182:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug–Nov)
18028:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep–Nov)
17959:Rif Dimashq offensive (Mar–Aug)
17828:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug-Oct)
17663:Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)
17638:June Jisr ash-Shughur operation
17150:Battle of Aleppo frontline maps
17070:
16493:. Now.mmedia.me. Archived from
15887:Willa Frej (15 December 2016).
15562:– via Japan Times Online.
14290:Syrian Network for Human Rights
14166:Robert F. Worth (24 May 2017).
13661:Evans, Dominic (1 March 2013).
13064:. 6 August 2016. Archived from
12990:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
12830:Leith Fadel (5 February 2016).
12325:Mroue, Bassem (14 April 2015).
12294:Gebeily, Maya (14 April 2015).
12271:. 18 March 2015. Archived from
11688:"Backed by tanks and artillery"
11364:Solomon, Erika (31 July 2012).
11068:Kat, Iskander (1 August 2012).
10701:Martin Chulov (4 August 2012).
10604:Gambill, Gary (11 March 2013).
9903:
9847:
9820:
9802:
9784:
9766:
9751:
9732:
9720:
9686:
9661:
9624:
9606:
9587:Aron, Lund (15 December 2016).
9580:
9568:Sim, David (16 December 2016).
9561:
9499:
9357:
9261:Morris, Loveday (2 June 2013).
9254:
9204:
9190:
9165:
9149:
9033:
8979:
8930:
8914:. 8 August 2012. Archived from
8869:
8773:
8752:
8710:. 3 August 2016. Archived from
8700:
8674:
8553:R&U Vid (8 December 2016).
8546:
8524:
8498:
8451:Martin Chulov (5 August 2012).
8444:
8396:
8381:
8355:
8339:. 1 August 2016. Archived from
8292:
8259:
8241:
8219:
8142:
8112:
8085:
8037:
8006:
7962:
7937:
7915:
7836:
7810:
7719:
7663:Cafarella & Casagrande 2015
7565:Amir Toumaj (9 December 2016).
6840:Syrian Network for Human Rights
6679:reported that a pro-government
6578:Violations Documentation Center
6378:Syrian Network for Human Rights
5876:East Aleppo offensive (2015–16)
5535:and the most prominent was the
4762:2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike
4666:Syrian–Turkish border incidents
4581:3rd Aleppo inter-rebel conflict
4522:2nd Aleppo inter-rebel conflict
4512:1st Aleppo inter-rebel conflict
1202:Military Security Shield Forces
256:largely damaged in the fighting
239:Syrian Army and allied victory
181:19 July 2012 – 22 December 2016
20702:Aleppo in the Syrian civil war
19443:Assassination of Andrei Karlov
19313:May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents
19012:ISIL insurgency in Deir-ez-Zor
18756:Southern Raqqa offensive (Jun)
18559:September Deir ez-Zor air raid
18549:Western al-Bab offensive (Sep)
18507:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Jun)
18497:Northern Raqqa offensive (May)
18385:Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown
17102:Institute for the Study of War
17086:Institute for the Study of War
15178:". BBC News. 13 December 2016.
15028:. UN News Centre. 1 March 2017
14891:. 3 March 2016. Archived from
14774:Piggott, Mark (13 July 2015).
13958:. Al Jazeera. 21 December 2014
13825:Institute for the Study of War
12898:. 27 July 2016. Archived from
12868:. 25 June 2016. Archived from
12177:Fadel, Leith (11 March 2015).
11341:. 20 July 2012. Archived from
10100:Shaheen, Kareem (5 May 2015).
9285:Matthew Weaver (3 June 2013).
8876:Clarissa Ward (26 July 2012).
8825:Philip Smyth (February 2015).
8801:"Iraqi Shiites Join Syria War"
8506:"Rebels hit army HQ in Aleppo"
8365:. 30 July 2016. Archived from
7820:. Nine O clock. Archived from
7607:
7584:
7516:Moris, Loveday (3 June 2013).
7408:Battle of Benghazi (2014–2017)
7404:—Part of the Battle for Aleppo
7218:We all feel strongly that the
6771:Barry University School of Law
6299:2015 Jisr al-Shughur offensive
6113:, to the northwest of Aleppo.
5706:rebels hold a planning session
4502:7th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
4472:6th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
4223:5th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
4091:4th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
4074:Feb 2018 Israel–Syria incident
3892:3rd Idlib inter-rebel conflict
3712:2nd Idlib inter-rebel conflict
3648:1st Idlib inter-rebel conflict
1725:4,000 Iraqi Hezbollah fighters
921:(Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki)
13:
1:
20387:2017 Northern local elections
20377:2015 Northern local elections
19739:National Front for Liberation
19676:Local Coordination Committees
19224:Northern Aleppo clashes (Oct)
19062:Israeli missile strikes (Nov)
18706:Khan Shaykhun chemical attack
18003:Khan al-Assal chemical attack
17799:18 July 2012 Damascus bombing
17613:Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb
17398:Specific groups and countries
17223:
16812:Mroue, Bassem (7 July 2014).
16491:"US condemns Syria slaughter"
15633:. Euronews. 14 December 2016.
15611:. UN News Centre. 21 May 2014
14682:. UN News Center. 22 May 2014
14135:Fisk, Robert (12 June 2015).
13773:"Aleppo: Syria's Stalingrad?"
13718:Halabi, Alaa (5 March 2014).
13518:"Recent Rebel Gains in Syria"
11476:Kim Sengupta (31 July 2012).
11208:@ALAMAWI (19 December 2015).
11092:"Cold PKK-FSA Truce in Syria"
9198:"Thomas van Linge on Twitter"
8092:Kim Sengupta (31 July 2012).
7818:"Fresh clashes rock Damascus"
7464:
7025:and Mosul carried out by the
6329:
6301:. Syrian government minister
6246:Sheikh Najjar Industrial City
5718:Bombed out vehicles in Aleppo
5503:
5451:
4918:Turkey–Islamic State conflict
4724:Iraqi–Syrian border incidents
4704:Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line
3823:April 2017 Turkish airstrikes
1737:
1625:Jaish al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar
788:Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement
20650:2015 European migrant crisis
19924:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
18816:Euphrates Crossing offensive
18310:Western al-Hasakah offensive
18270:Eastern al-Hasakah offensive
18138:Qalamoun offensive (Jun–Aug)
17894:Quneitra Governorate clashes
17633:Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh
17561:Syrian occupation of Lebanon
17502:
17310:Effects and ongoing concerns
17006:. Sky News. 12 December 2016
16712:. Stratfor. 24 December 2014
16690:. Al Jazeera. 4 October 2012
16017:International Business Times
16000:. Haaretz. 25 December 2016.
15420:, Daily Beast, 15 April 2016
14707:. Channel4. 10 February 2015
14382:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004438
13932:. Al-Monitor. Archived from
13722:. Al-Monitor. Archived from
13609:. NDTV.com. 18 February 2013
12614:U.S. News & World Report
12128:. Al Monitor. Archived from
11768:. Al Monitor. Archived from
10755:Ivan Watson (26 July 2012).
9075:International Business Times
9041:"Guide to the Syrian rebels"
8424:Syria Report (7 July 2013).
7010:
6519:International Criminal Court
6415:Syrian government and allies
6238:Aleppo International Airport
6162:
5851:proposal was presented by a
5421:by rebel forces. During the
3433:(March 2016 – February 2017)
3091:Western al-Hasakah offensive
3023:Eastern al-Hasakah offensive
1570:Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki
898:Abdulrahman al-Salameh
676:(Republican Guard Commander)
554:(Chief of the General Staff)
84:October 2012 Aleppo bombings
18:Battle of Aleppo (2012-2016)
7:
20787:Russian war crimes in Syria
20538:U.S.–Russia peace proposals
20493:Syrian government reactions
20483:Status of the Golan Heights
20478:Sectarianism and minorities
20402:2020 parliamentary election
20382:2016 parliamentary election
20367:2012 parliamentary election
20344:
20302:Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid
20202:Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni
20049:Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan
19908:Northern Democratic Brigade
19764:Muslim Brotherhood in Syria
19759:Revolutionary Commando Army
19640:Popular Mobilization Forces
19428:2012 Turkish border clashes
19017:Dêrik prison escape attempt
18422:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan)
18375:2015–2016 Latakia offensive
18345:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep)
18340:Palmyra offensive (Jul–Aug)
18227:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Dec)
18212:Second Inter-Rebel Conflict
17988:Bayda and Baniyas massacres
17296:Sectarianism and minorities
17271:Syrian government reactions
17109:Lister, Charles R. (2015).
16643:BBC News. 15 December 2016.
16037:hermes (27 December 2016).
13800:. Al-Monitor. 16 April 2014
13129:Carnegie Middle East Center
12379:"Syrian oppostion [
12181:. Al-Masdar. Archived from
9593:Carnegie Middle East Center
9589:"A Turning Point in Aleppo"
9509:". BBC News. 8 August 2016.
7423:Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)
7402:Siege of Nubl and al-Zahraa
7351:
7312:
7294:national day of celebration
7045:Aleppo victory celebrations
6660:On 19 September 2016, a UN/
6219:Strategic Forecasting, Inc.
6134:an attack on western Aleppo
5519:and field commander of the
5474:, it has been described by
5319:
4938:Idlib Governorate operation
4570:Iranian consulate airstrike
4487:4th Israeli missile strikes
4385:3rd Israeli missile strikes
4358:2nd Israeli missile strikes
4129:Deir ez-Zor SAA-SDF clashes
3771:in Syria (Feb. – Nov. 2017)
3524:12th–14th Aleppo offensives
1706:Northern Democratic Brigade
1385:Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba
1224:Syrian Ministry of Interior
10:
20833:
20533:Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan
20407:2021 presidential election
20372:2014 presidential election
20074:
19618:medical facility targeting
19474:Deir ez-Zor missile strike
19433:2013 Reyhanlı car bombings
19352:Jordanian border incidents
18997:Idlib inter-rebel conflict
18935:As-Suwayda offensive (Jun)
18811:Eastern campaign (Sep–Dec)
18599:Aleppo offensive (Nov-Dec)
18569:Aleppo offensive (Sep–Oct)
18539:Operation Euphrates Shield
18467:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan
18355:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)
18280:Battle of Sarrin (Jun–Jul)
18275:Battle of Sarrin (Mar–Apr)
18222:Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin
18071:First Inter-rebel conflict
18033:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)
17942:Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)
17845:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan
17157:BBC News, 13 December 2016
16677:14 December 2016. Reuters.
16471:. Al Jazeera. 27 July 2012
14032:. Al Monitor. 2 April 2015
13649:. Al Jazeera. 3 March 2013
12126:"Rebels advance in Aleppo"
11450:. The News. Archived from
7682:. Reuters. 2 January 2017.
7428:Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)
7418:Operation Euphrates Shield
6900:, the Director-General of
6604:’s crisis response program
6490:
6418:
5987:
5869:
5863:
5839:
5752:
5664:
5472:UNESCO World Heritage Site
5455:
5026:April 2018 missile strikes
4896:2012 Hezbollah involvement
3865:Iranian Deir ez-Zor strike
3578:Operation Euphrates Shield
3454:9th–11th Aleppo offensives
2258:Shayrat & Tiyas ambush
1740:8,000 fighters (mid-2016)
1719:20,000 SAA soldiers (2012)
1682:
1134:
970:
957:
943:
930:
525:
514:
502:
463:
251:UNESCO World heritage site
80:Saadallah al-Jabiri Square
29:
20671:
20612:
20596:
20501:
20415:
20354:
20350:
20339:
20080:
20069:
20008:
19995:Group of the One and Only
19975:Military activity of ISIL
19965:
19956:
19916:
19868:People's Protection Units
19858:
19850:Smaller political parties
19830:
19821:Autonomous Administration
19819:
19777:
19721:
19661:
19652:
19586:
19578:Palestine Liberation Army
19550:
19517:
19510:
19506:
19495:
19466:
19407:
19368:
19350:
19321:
19292:
19281:
19242:
19188:
19134:
19111:Idlib Governorate clashes
19085:
19037:Hass refugee camp bombing
18973:
18925:Deir ez-Zor clashes (Apr)
18846:
18761:Jobar offensive (Jun–Aug)
18736:Maskanah Plains offensive
18731:Desert campaign (May–Jul)
18661:Daraa offensive (Feb–Jun)
18612:
18393:
18235:
18133:Second siege of Wadi Deif
18128:Kafr Zita chemical attack
18093:Daraa offensive (Feb–May)
18051:
17964:Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl
17907:
17713:
17700:Idlib Governorate clashes
17685:Daraa Governorate clashes
17653:Jabal al-Zawiya operation
17584:
17514:
17510:
17497:
17468:
17397:
17376:
17340:
17309:
17233:
17229:
17218:
17079:"Syrian Opposition Guide"
15864:. London. 1 August 2012.
12359:. asor-syrianheritage.org
7910:Cafarella & Zhou 2019
6879:rocket-propelled grenades
6735:
6410:Allegations of war crimes
6236:. By late February 2013,
5630:People's Protection Units
5561:Syrian National Coalition
5388:UN special envoy to Syria
5369:People's Protection Units
5109:
4866:
4631:
4565:Israel–Hezbollah conflict
4482:Qamishli & Al-Hasakah
4467:
4331:
4325:(April 2019 – March 2020)
4230:Sep. 2018 missile strikes
4213:
4036:5th Deir ez-Zor offensive
3995:
3777:
3702:4th Deir ez-Zor offensive
3439:
3318:3rd Deir ez-Zor offensive
3226:
3220:(Sept. 2015 – March 2016)
2998:2nd Deir ez-Zor offensive
2951:
2945:(Sept. 2014 – Sept. 2015)
2784:1st Deir ez-Zor offensive
2761:
2752:Rise of the Islamic State
2491:Kurdish–Islamist conflict
2385:
2200:
2194:(Sept. 2011 – April 2012)
2104:
2063:
1851:
1776:
1767:
1758:
1753:
1713:
1348:Special Operations Forces
1022:
536:
275:
173:
62:
54:
43:
20712:Chemical weapons attacks
19985:Khalid ibn al-Walid Army
19929:Kurdistan Workers' Party
19873:Women's Protection Units
19845:Kurdish National Council
19294:Israel and Golan Heights
19165:Battle of Qamishli (Apr)
19007:Battle of Baghuz Fawqani
18766:Quneitra offensive (Jun)
18721:April Turkish airstrikes
18696:Hama offensive (Mar–Apr)
18529:Southern Aleppo campaign
18472:Battle of Qamishli (Apr)
18365:Homs offensive (Nov-Dec)
18335:Quneitra offensive (Jun)
18265:Southern Syria Offensive
17899:Talbiseh bakery massacre
17850:First siege of Wadi Deif
17840:Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz
17737:January al-Midan bombing
17469:Agreements and dialogues
17450:Syrian Democratic Forces
16263:Babak Dehghanpisheh and
15647:. BBC. 18 December 2016.
12408:AFP (13 December 2016).
11794:. Aawsat. Archived from
9726:BBC News, 28 April 2014
8788:– via www.wsj.com.
8180:AFP (15 December 2012).
7444:
7392:Palmyra offensive (2017)
7193:British Foreign Minister
7163:Iranian Foreign Ministry
6978:National Hamidi Hospital
6662:Syrian Arab Red Crescent
6406:cost $ 21 at one point.
6364:Action on Armed Violence
6317:Syrian Democratic Forces
6295:Jane's Information Group
6288:March–April IS offensive
6018:Destroyed area in Aleppo
5950:multiple rocket launcher
5800:Operation Northern Storm
5786:unilaterally declared a
5776:Siege of Menagh Air Base
5639:Syrian Democratic Forces
5339:(FSA) and other largely-
4797:Kafr Takharim airstrikes
4576:February 2024 airstrikes
4539:3rd U.S. missile strikes
4416:2nd U.S. missile strikes
4207:(Sep. 2018 – April 2019)
4102:U.S.-led missile strikes
4008:Eastern Syria insurgency
3633:Aleppo aid convoy attack
2569:Darayya & Muadamiyat
2512:Tell Hamis and Tell Brak
76:Clockwise from top-left:
20463:International reactions
20448:Human rights violations
19939:Sinjar Resistance Units
19898:Syriac Military Council
19888:Army of Revolutionaries
19823:of North and East Syria
19683:Syrian National Council
19537:Arab Socialist Movement
19458:Operation Spring Shield
19399:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017)
19379:Lebanese border clashes
19273:Northern border clashes
19234:Northwest clashes (Dec)
19214:Jabal al-Bishrī clashes
19116:Kafr-Takharim airstrike
18965:Northern border clashes
18686:March Damascus bombings
18651:Idlib clashes (Jan–Mar)
18604:Palmyra offensive (Dec)
18482:Palmyra offensive (Mar)
18315:Palmyra offensive (May)
18160:Battle of Tabqa Airbase
18155:Eastern Syria offensive
18038:Battle of al-Yaarubiyah
17167:, for 18 September 2016
17143:New York Times Magazine
17117:Oxford University Press
14172:New York Times Magazine
14168:"Aleppo After the Fall"
12076:. AFP. 19 February 2015
11744:Business Standard India
11094:. Rudaw. Archived from
9047:. BBC. 13 December 2013
8638:Daily News and Analysis
8574:. UPI. 6 September 2012
8216:(AFP), 15 November 2013
8049:9 December 2017 at the
7387:Siege of Eastern Ghouta
7176:Turkish Prime Minister
7147:French Foreign Ministry
7086:New York Times Magazine
7071:, and Hezbollah leader
6463:, water facilities and
6400:cutaneous leishmaniasis
6148:Russian Engineer Troops
5415:"double tap" airstrikes
5384:international community
5048:Australian intervention
4782:Russian Su-24 shootdown
4651:Iranian embassy bombing
4240:Northern border clashes
3989:(Nov. 2017 – Sep. 2018)
3905:Deir ez-Zor (2017–2019)
2850:Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017)
2288:Deir ez-Zor (2011–2014)
2096:Civil uprising in Syria
1980:September–December 2019
1965:September–December 2018
1950:September–December 2017
1935:September–December 2016
1890:September–December 2012
1875:September–December 2011
1744:1,000 al-Nusra fighters
1733:2,500 al-Nusra fighters
1729:15,000 fighters (2012)
1688:Army of Revolutionaries
1594:Syrian Turkmen Brigades
1167:National Defence Forces
1102:5th Mechanized Division
1065:4th Mechanized Division
1013:Kurdish Front commander
709:(al-Berri tribe leader)
531:Army of Revolutionaries
219:36.216667°N 37.166667°E
20640:Syrian detainee report
20526:UN supervision mission
20516:Friends of Syria Group
20438:Damaged heritage sites
19840:Democratic Union Party
19792:Jordanian intervention
19713:Syrian Patriotic Group
19542:Syrian Communist Party
19453:2020 Balyun airstrikes
19308:February 2018 incident
18955:Qamishli clashes (Sep)
18870:Operation Olive Branch
18711:Shayrat missile strike
18544:Aleppo summer campaign
18534:Battle of al-Rai (Aug)
18447:February Homs bombings
18305:Battle of Yarmouk Camp
18295:Second Battle of Idlib
18008:Khan al-Assal massacre
17971:Ghouta chemical attack
17353:Early insurgency phase
15843:The War in Five Sieges
15839:London Review of Books
15338:, Reuters, 13 May 2016
14633:. Hrw.org. 4 June 2013
13821:"The Siege of Aleppo?"
9173:Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi
7345:Ancient City of Aleppo
7225:
7159:Mohammad Emami Kashani
7054:
7037:The Syrian President,
6981:
6974:Al-Khusrawiyah Complex
6935:Great Mosque of Aleppo
6875:Great Mosque of Aleppo
6861:
6826:
6628:crime against humanity
6593:
6429:
6339:
6280:Second Battle of Idlib
6251:National Defence Force
6151:
6087:
6019:
5961:
5915:
5885:
5860:2015: War of attrition
5826:Operation Canopus Star
5782:In December 2012, the
5779:
5626:Democratic Union Party
5591:
5528:
5327:, the largest city in
5009:Operation Martyr Muath
5004:Jordanian intervention
4908:Foreign rebel fighters
4709:February 2018 incident
4641:Lebanese–Syrian border
4322:Second Idlib offensive
4315:Operation Peace Spring
4218:Idlib demilitarization
4203:Idlib demilitarization
4001:3rd Northwestern Syria
3984:Operation Olive Branch
3980:Rebels in retreat and
3782:Eastern Homs offensive
3243:2nd Northwestern Syria
3073:1st Northwestern Syria
2379:(May 2012 – Dec. 2013)
2119:Homs (May–August 2011)
1500:Imam al Hujja Regiment
1431:Kata'ib Dir' al-Wilaya
938:(YPJ senior commander)
771:Abdul Jabbar al-Oqaidi
537:Commanders and leaders
254:Ancient City of Aleppo
20645:Syrian media coverage
20521:Kofi Annan peace plan
19944:Êzîdxan Women's Units
19893:SDF military councils
19623:military intervention
19596:Hezbollah involvement
19551:Military and militias
19394:North Lebanon clashes
19155:Missile strikes (Jan)
19042:Missile strikes (Aug)
18960:Missile strikes (Sep)
18905:Missile strikes (Apr)
18900:Douma chemical attack
18751:Daraa offensive (Jun)
18442:Al-Shaddadi offensive
18380:Tishrin Dam offensive
18260:Daraa Offensive (Jan)
18255:Air Force An-26 crash
18197:Daraa offensive (Oct)
18081:Deir ez-Zor offensive
17947:Battle of Raqqa (Mar)
17747:First Battle of Idlib
17571:Human rights in Syria
17445:Kurdish Area in Syria
17261:Background and causes
16921:on 16 September 2016.
14895:on 21 September 2021.
14889:Amnesty International
13777:The National Interest
13354:(in European Spanish)
12302:. AFP. Archived from
8188:. NOW. Archived from
7231:on 16 December 2016,
7216:
7077:Saint Elias Cathedral
7075:. A Mass was held in
7052:
6971:
6915:Carlton Citadel Hotel
6857:
6824:
6791:Amnesty International
6758:Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein
6620:forced disappearances
6602:Amnesty International
6584:
6534:Amnesty International
6477:humanitarian supplies
6445:Amnesty International
6437:Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein
6425:
6419:Further information:
6337:
6146:
6138:launched an offensive
6025:
6017:
5945:
5909:
5883:
5762:
5618:Saladin Ayubi Brigade
5589:
5511:
4982:2014 rescue operation
4656:North Lebanon clashes
4308:First Idlib offensive
4123:3rd Southern Damascus
4096:2nd Southern Damascus
4043:1st Southern Damascus
3707:18th Aleppo offensive
3671:17th Aleppo offensive
3658:16th Aleppo offensive
3638:15th Aleppo offensive
3628:Deir ez-Zor airstrike
3547:4th Latakia offensive
3249:3rd Latakia offensive
2957:U.S.-led intervention
2934:U.S.-led intervention
2817:2nd Latakia offensive
2683:1st Latakia offensive
2226:Syrian–Turkish border
2017:Background and causes
1759:31,273 overall deaths
1754:Casualties and losses
1652:Harakat Sham al-Islam
1336:Russian Ground Forces
1229:Special Mission Units
1179:Local Defence Forces
1097:4th Armoured Division
835:Yussef Al-Abbas
323:(from September 2015)
20717:Cluster bomb attacks
20553:Geneva II conference
20511:Arab League monitors
20488:Spillover in Lebanon
20397:2018 local elections
20362:2011 local elections
20142:Fahd Jassem al-Freij
19903:Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa
19729:Syrian National Army
19703:Syrian Support Group
19229:Operation Claw-Sword
19204:Battle of al-Hasakah
18950:As-Suwayda (Aug-Nov)
18791:Hama offensive (Sep)
18641:January Azaz bombing
18554:5 September bombings
18325:Tell Abyad offensive
18123:Battle of Al-Malihah
18023:Battle of Tell Abyad
18018:Battle of Ras al-Ayn
17769:May Battle of Rastan
17566:Damascus Declaration
17410:Russian intervention
17368:Syrian peace process
17358:2012–2013 escalation
17341:Phases and processes
17281:Inter-rebel conflict
17266:Syrian peace process
16675:Standing with Aleppo
16344:on 11 September 2012
15584:on 27 December 2016.
12434:David, Jean Claude.
12306:on 29 September 2018
11345:on 29 September 2018
11266:. 11 February 2016.
11098:on 11 September 2012
10922:. 8 September 2012.
10816:on 29 September 2018
10226:The Washington Times
10064:. Atlantic Council.
9273:on 25 September 2013
8967:. longwarjournal.org
8557:– via YouTube.
8343:on 28 September 2018
8126:. 18 November 2013.
7178:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
7067:, Russian President
6743:improvised artillery
6127:started an offensive
5998:2016 Aleppo campaign
5956:launches rockets at
5656:Course of the battle
5419:improvised artillery
5343:groups, such as the
4992:2017 missile strikes
4889:Iran–Israel conflict
4879:Iranian intervention
4671:Turkish F4 shootdown
4554:3rd Northern clashes
4544:2nd Northern clashes
4533:Northwestern clashes
4116:2nd Eastern Qalamoun
3613:1st Eastern Qalamoun
3444:8th Aleppo offensive
3380:2nd Maarat al-Nu'man
3329:7th Aleppo offensive
3308:al-Qamishli bombings
3303:2nd Al-Shaykh Maskin
3282:6th Aleppo offensive
3265:5th Aleppo offensive
3232:Russian intervention
3217:Russian intervention
3138:4th Aleppo offensive
3003:3rd Aleppo offensive
2993:1st Al-Shaykh Maskin
2978:2014 Idlib city raid
2767:Inter-rebel conflict
2541:Abu al-Duhur Airbase
2526:Nubl & Al-Zahraa
2477:2nd Aleppo offensive
2471:1st Aleppo offensive
2134:1st Jisr ash-Shughur
1920:August–December 2015
1910:August–December 2014
1799:class=notpageimage|
1389:Ammar Yasser Brigade
1293:Russian Armed Forces
1244:Iranian Armed Forces
1150:Desert Hawks Brigade
687:Jabbar Drisawi
648:(Governor of Aleppo)
614:Alexander Zhuravlyov
290:Syrian Arab Republic
224:36.216667; 37.166667
82:buildings after the
20443:Foreign involvement
20322:Abdurrahman Mustafa
20277:Yassin al-Haj Saleh
20242:Abdul Halim Khaddam
19754:Army of Free Tribes
19722:Opposition militias
19613:Russian involvement
19601:Iranian involvement
19558:Syrian Armed Forces
19337:Operation al-Shabah
19303:March 2017 incident
19022:Tell Rifaat clashes
18838:Beit Jinn offensive
18831:Abu Kamal offensive
18771:Idlib clashes (Jul)
18741:East Hama offensive
18462:Battle of Tel Abyad
18202:Al-Safira offensive
18192:Homs school bombing
17981:Battle of al-Qusayr
17976:Al-Qusayr offensive
17779:Battle of al-Haffah
17752:Battle of al-Qusayr
17628:May Talkalakh siege
17536:Corrective Movement
17415:Turkish involvement
17405:Russian involvement
17037:on 20 December 2016
16963:Wall Street Journal
16595:The Washington Post
16141:(27 October 2016).
16119:on 24 December 2016
16101:. 13 December 2016.
16081:. 13 December 2016.
15986:. 25 December 2016.
15954:. 26 December 2016.
15862:The Daily Telegraph
15795:. 30 September 2012
15578:The Washington Post
15432:, pp. 102–103.
15305:, 12 December 2014.
15238:The Times of Israel
14865:on 14 February 2017
13936:on 20 December 2014
13883:on 17 December 2016
13428:. 22 February 2018.
13336:. 22 December 2016.
13318:. 22 December 2016.
13300:. 21 December 2016.
13282:. 21 December 2016.
13264:. 18 December 2016.
12947:Staff, Al Jazeera.
12742:. academia.edu: 109
12389:on 26 December 2015
11846:. 10 November 2014.
11716:. 8 November 2013.
11288:. BBC. October 2015
11175:on 15 November 2018
10412:on 24 December 2016
10020:The Washington Post
9989:. 13 February 2017.
9917:on 21 November 2016
9798:. 21 November 2016.
9485:www.crisisgroup.org
9316:on 1 September 2013
9097:. 20 February 2013.
9019:Hürriyet Daily News
8918:on 25 December 2015
8786:Wall Street Journal
8274:The Daily Telegraph
7806:. 12 December 2016.
7522:The Washington Post
7243:The Washington Post
7167:Mir-Hossein Mousavi
6946:The Washington Post
6651:UN Security Council
6600:, then-director of
6551:Middle East Monitor
6515:UN Security Council
5810:On 8 November, the
5498:UN General Assembly
5446:World Heritage Site
5240:Southern offensives
5043:French intervention
5038:German intervention
4913:Turkish involvement
4884:2017 missile strike
4874:Russian involvement
4816:Spillover in Europe
4777:Spillover in Turkey
4757:2017 Tehran attacks
4507:3rd Al-Hasakah city
3572:3rd Al-Hasakah City
3494:Jableh & Tartus
3484:3rd Shaer gas field
3350:2nd Sayyidah Zaynab
3323:1st Sayyidah Zaynab
3128:2nd Al-Hasakah city
3096:1st Al-Hasakah city
3033:Hama/Homs offensive
3013:4th Daraa offensive
2988:2nd Shaer gas field
2968:3rd Daraa offensive
2963:Homs school bombing
2856:1st Shaer gas field
2812:2nd Daraa offensive
2755:(Jan. – Sept. 2014)
2653:Al-Qusayr offensive
2621:1st Daraa offensive
2191:Start of insurgency
2139:1st Jabal al-Zawiya
2129:Rastan and Talbiseh
2098:(March–August 2011)
1638:Jabhat Ansar al-Din
1407:Kata'ib al-Imam Ali
1366:Iraqi Shia militias
1036:Syrian Armed Forces
856:Khaled Hayani
845:(al-Tawhid Brigade)
831:(al-Tawhid Brigade)
743:Mohammad Rafi
550:Ali Abdullah Ayyoub
364:Iraqi Shia militias
215: /
20722:Iranian war crimes
20262:Ali Mahmoud Othman
19708:Adopt a Revolution
19671:National Coalition
19663:Interim government
19263:Damascus airstrike
19170:US airstrike (Jun)
19160:US airstrike (Feb)
19126:Deir ez-Zor ambush
19067:Qah missile strike
18945:As-Suwayda attacks
18940:Southern offensive
18781:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug)
18691:Al-Jinah airstrike
18457:Khanasir offensive
18177:Quneitra offensive
17937:Damascus offensive
17932:Battle of Shadadeh
17794:Battle of Damascus
17784:Al-Qubeir massacre
17762:Battle of Taftanaz
17673:Battle of Zabadani
17173:, a Report by the
17063:. 20 January 2017.
16936:. Associated Press
16895:on 28 October 2020
16793:. BBC. 22 May 2014
16569:. 17 December 2016
16218:. 13 November 2012
16192:on 28 January 2015
15221:. 12 January 2017.
15195:. 13 December 2016
15162:The New York Times
14631:Human Rights Watch
14292:. 30 November 2016
14057:The New York Times
13984:. 15 December 2014
13446:. 17 February 2020
13380:. 20 February 2018
13068:on 5 October 2016.
12872:on 7 November 2020
12842:on 5 February 2016
12650:on 7 February 2019
12491:Al Jazeera English
12102:. 19 February 2015
12100:The New York Times
12050:. Associated Press
12028:. 17 February 2015
12002:on 28 January 2015
11971:on 28 January 2015
11940:on 28 January 2015
11909:on 2 February 2015
11798:on 28 January 2015
11583:. 28 February 2013
11376:on 3 February 2016
11049:. 7 September 2012
10563:The New York Times
10517:" BBC 22 July 2016
10375:The New York Times
9945:. 21 October 2016.
9816:. 5 December 2016.
9780:. 28 October 2017.
9745:The New York Times
9620:. 4 December 2016.
9528:The New York Times
9458:on 6 November 2012
9429:on 5 December 2018
9021:. 2 September 2012
8714:on 4 February 2017
8512:. 8 September 2012
8310:on 20 October 2015
7855:on 24 October 2014
7707:. 21 December 2016
7210:, manipulation of
7055:
6982:
6834:Kurdish-led forces
6827:
6694:, a report by the
6690:In February 2017,
6643:incendiary weapons
6507:Human Rights Watch
6503:Human Rights Watch
6485:Human Rights Watch
6340:
6310:The role of Turkey
6269:Staffan de Mistura
6258:Siege of Wadi Deif
6234:Siege of Leningrad
6205:Strategic analysis
6177:Turkey's offensive
6152:
6088:
6020:
5962:
5916:
5886:
5780:
5643:Russian airstrikes
5592:
5529:
5439:Old City of Aleppo
5409:, the dropping of
5235:Northern offensive
5218:Kuweires offensive
4999:Qatari involvement
4753:Spillover in Iran
4549:Deir ez-Zor (2023)
4145:2nd Southern Syria
3940:7th Hama offensive
3923:Euphrates Crossing
3818:Aleppo bus bombing
3793:6th Hama offensive
3664:2nd Raqqa campaign
3653:2nd Western al-Bab
3618:September bombings
3608:1st Western al-Bab
3602:5th Hama offensive
3513:2nd Ithriyah-Raqqa
3335:1st Ithriyah-Raqqa
3288:4th Hama offensive
3175:Kuweires offensive
2983:Nusra–FSA conflict
2875:3rd Hama offensive
2673:2nd Hama offensive
2610:1st Raqqa campaign
2580:1st Hama offensive
1970:January–April 2019
1955:January–April 2018
1940:January–April 2017
1925:January–April 2016
1895:January–April 2013
1880:January–April 2012
1865:January–April 2011
1721:1,500 NDF fighters
1582:Army of Mujahideen
911:Nasif Ismail
875:Abu Khalid al-Suri
584:(Major General of
197:Aleppo Governorate
20689:
20688:
20667:
20666:
20663:
20662:
20620:Exclusive mandate
20597:War crimes trials
20568:2016 Geneva talks
20335:
20334:
20327:Fadlallah al-Haji
20282:Bouthaina Shaaban
20065:
20064:
20061:
20060:
20057:
20056:
19952:
19951:
19883:Al-Sanadid Forces
19878:Anti-Terror Units
19815:
19814:
19648:
19647:
19563:Syrian Resistance
19519:Politics of Syria
19491:
19490:
19487:
19486:
19483:
19482:
19258:Al-Sukhnah attack
19219:Jarqli airstrikes
19101:COVID-19 pandemic
19057:November bombings
18875:Battle of Khasham
18821:Mayadin offensive
18806:Battle of Harasta
18676:Palmyra offensive
18360:Al-Hawl offensive
18320:Qamishli bombings
18118:Latakia Offensive
18076:Battle of Markada
17889:Battle of Darayya
17865:Battle of Darayya
17789:Battle of Tremseh
17608:Syrian Revolution
17541:Islamist uprising
17493:
17492:
17489:
17488:
17348:Syrian revolution
17291:Cities and towns
16850:on 6 October 2014
16844:Al Akhbar English
16761:Al Akhbar English
16267:(7 August 2012).
16043:The Straits Times
15951:Independent.co.uk
15922:Los Angeles Times
15598:, 6 February 2014
15267:. 31 October 2016
14755:on 20 August 2015
14241:. 8 November 2023
13147:The Straits Times
13042:on 5 October 2016
12953:www.aljazeera.com
12928:on 16 August 2016
12811:on 13 August 2018
12712:on 13 August 2018
12681:on 13 August 2018
11862:www.aljazeera.com
11238:on 27 August 2018
10349:www.aljazeera.com
10071:978-1-61977-449-0
10039:independent.co.uk
9942:Independent.co.uk
9891:on 7 October 2016
9175:(6 August 2019).
8944:. 21 October 2014
8393:, 5 November 2012
8255:on 17 March 2014.
8192:on 3 October 2018
8073:on 8 January 2014
8056:, 3 November 2013
7891:on 1 January 2020
7824:on 1 October 2015
7298:German government
7248:siege of Sarajevo
7220:history of Aleppo
7094:Foreign reactions
7033:Domestic reaction
6891:Citadel of Aleppo
6877:being damaged by
6576:According to the
6513:In May 2014, the
5907:
5731:
5650:Russian warplanes
5533:al-Tawhid Brigade
5411:cluster munitions
5333:Syrian opposition
5317:
5309:مَعْرَكَةُ حَلَبَ
5294:
5293:
5251:Summer offensives
5112:Combat operations
5065:
5064:
5061:
5060:
5033:Dutch involvement
5021:Saudi involvement
4824:
4823:
4792:Balyun airstrikes
4714:May 2018 incident
4676:Reyhanlı bombings
4636:Lebanon spillover
4589:
4588:
4559:Homs drone strike
4429:
4428:
4380:Northern bombings
4274:
4273:
4169:
4168:
4030:3rd Syrian Desert
3948:
3947:
3912:2nd Eastern Syria
3833:2nd Syrian Desert
3812:US Shayrat strike
3735:
3734:
3687:1st Syrian Desert
3422:Aleppo escalation
3388:
3387:
3183:
3182:
2900:
2899:
2862:1st Eastern Syria
2718:
2717:
2678:Bayda and Baniyas
2340:
2339:
2157:
2156:
1915:January–July 2015
1905:January–July 2014
1900:May–December 2013
1810:
1809:
1763:
1642:
1515:
1511:Al-Tawhid Brigade
1455:Badr Organisation
1443:Kata'ib Hezbollah
1402:Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq
1354:
1312:Russian Air Force
1176:
1124:80th Army Brigade
1002:Yusuf Kahia
978:
966:
952:
939:
922:
908:
888:
871:
846:
832:
815:
802:Abdul Qader Saleh
791:
783:Taufik Shiabuddin
776:
757:
733:
710:
701:Zaino Berri
698:
677:
666:Abbas Samii
649:
634:
619:
604:
589:
570:
555:
485:
473:
441:
425:Syrian Resistance
415:
368:
354:
340:
324:
308:
271:
270:
48:مَعْرَكَةُ حَلَبَ
16:(Redirected from
20824:
20679:
20678:
20453:Humanitarian aid
20433:Chemical weapons
20428:Cities and towns
20352:
20351:
20341:
20340:
20297:Fadwa Souleimane
20287:Abdulbaset Sieda
20267:Ibrahim Qashoush
20257:Ali Habib Mahmud
20167:Hamza al-Khateeb
20162:Kamal al-Labwani
20152:Haitham al-Maleh
20147:Suheil al-Hassan
20085:Ammar Abdulhamid
20071:
20070:
20044:Malhama Tactical
20029:Caucasus Emirate
19963:
19962:
19828:
19827:
19734:Free Syrian Army
19659:
19658:
19515:
19514:
19508:
19507:
19497:
19496:
19290:
19289:
19247:
19193:
19139:
19121:Ayn Issa clashes
19090:
18978:
18851:
18776:Central campaign
18671:Qaboun offensive
18617:
18594:Battle of al-Bab
18517:Manbij offensive
18398:
18240:
18103:Al-Otaiba ambush
18056:
17927:Battle of Safira
17912:
17882:Halfaya massacre
17833:Darayya massacre
17816:Siege of Base 46
17811:Battle of Anadan
17806:Battle of Aleppo
17742:Battle of Rastan
17718:
17690:Battle of Rastan
17658:Siege of Latakia
17623:Siege of Baniyas
17589:
17546:Latakia protests
17512:
17511:
17499:
17498:
17251:Syrian civil war
17231:
17230:
17220:
17219:
17212:Syrian civil war
17205:
17198:
17191:
17182:
17181:
17130:
17105:
17099:
17089:
17084:. Backgrounder.
17083:
17065:
17064:
17053:
17047:
17046:
17044:
17042:
17033:. Archived from
17022:
17016:
17015:
17013:
17011:
17000:
16994:
16993:
16991:
16989:
16973:
16967:
16966:
16960:
16952:
16946:
16945:
16943:
16941:
16929:
16923:
16922:
16911:
16905:
16904:
16902:
16900:
16884:
16878:
16877:
16866:
16860:
16859:
16857:
16855:
16846:. Archived from
16836:
16830:
16829:
16827:
16825:
16809:
16803:
16802:
16800:
16798:
16783:
16777:
16776:
16774:
16772:
16763:. Archived from
16753:
16747:
16746:
16744:
16742:
16728:
16722:
16721:
16719:
16717:
16706:
16700:
16699:
16697:
16695:
16684:
16678:
16672:
16666:
16665:
16663:
16661:
16650:
16644:
16638:
16629:
16628:
16626:
16624:
16613:
16607:
16606:
16604:
16602:
16585:
16579:
16578:
16576:
16574:
16557:
16551:
16550:
16548:
16546:
16535:
16529:
16528:
16526:
16524:
16513:
16507:
16506:
16504:
16502:
16487:
16481:
16480:
16478:
16476:
16465:
16459:
16458:
16456:
16454:
16439:
16433:
16432:
16430:
16428:
16408:
16402:
16401:
16399:
16397:
16382:
16376:
16375:
16373:
16371:
16360:
16354:
16353:
16351:
16349:
16334:
16328:
16327:
16325:
16323:
16312:
16306:
16305:
16303:
16301:
16290:
16284:
16283:
16281:
16279:
16260:
16254:
16253:
16251:
16249:
16234:
16228:
16227:
16225:
16223:
16208:
16202:
16201:
16199:
16197:
16178:
16172:
16171:
16164:
16158:
16157:
16155:
16153:
16135:
16129:
16128:
16126:
16124:
16109:
16103:
16102:
16098:Business Insider
16089:
16083:
16082:
16071:
16065:
16064:
16061:Business Insider
16053:
16047:
16046:
16034:
16028:
16027:
16025:
16023:
16008:
16002:
16001:
15994:
15988:
15987:
15976:
15970:
15969:
15962:
15956:
15955:
15942:
15933:
15932:
15930:
15928:
15913:
15904:
15903:
15901:
15899:
15884:
15878:
15877:
15875:
15873:
15859:
15852:
15846:
15836:
15830:
15829:
15827:
15825:
15819:
15811:
15805:
15804:
15802:
15800:
15785:
15779:
15778:
15776:
15774:
15763:
15757:
15756:
15754:
15752:
15747:on 21 March 2018
15743:. Archived from
15733:
15727:
15726:
15724:
15722:
15708:
15699:
15698:
15696:
15694:
15680:
15674:
15673:
15671:
15669:
15655:
15649:
15648:
15641:
15635:
15634:
15627:
15621:
15620:
15618:
15616:
15605:
15599:
15592:
15586:
15585:
15570:
15564:
15563:
15561:
15559:
15544:
15538:
15537:
15526:
15520:
15519:
15508:
15502:
15501:
15490:
15484:
15483:
15481:
15479:
15468:
15462:
15461:
15459:
15457:
15442:
15433:
15427:
15421:
15414:
15408:
15407:
15396:
15390:
15389:
15387:
15385:
15374:
15365:
15364:
15362:
15360:
15345:
15339:
15333:
15324:
15312:
15306:
15296:
15290:
15283:
15277:
15276:
15274:
15272:
15255:
15249:
15248:
15246:
15244:
15229:
15223:
15222:
15211:
15205:
15204:
15202:
15200:
15185:
15179:
15172:
15166:
15165:
15153:
15147:
15141:
15135:
15129:
15123:
15122:
15120:
15118:
15107:
15101:
15100:
15088:
15082:
15081:
15079:
15077:
15066:
15060:
15059:
15057:
15055:
15044:
15038:
15037:
15035:
15033:
15022:
15013:
15012:
15010:
15008:
14997:
14991:
14990:
14988:
14986:
14975:
14969:
14968:
14966:
14964:
14950:
14944:
14943:
14941:
14939:
14925:
14919:
14918:
14916:
14914:
14903:
14897:
14896:
14881:
14875:
14874:
14872:
14870:
14864:
14857:
14849:
14836:
14835:
14833:
14831:
14826:. Anadolu Agency
14820:
14814:
14813:
14811:
14809:
14794:
14788:
14787:
14785:
14783:
14771:
14765:
14764:
14762:
14760:
14745:
14739:
14738:
14736:
14734:
14723:
14717:
14716:
14714:
14712:
14701:
14692:
14691:
14689:
14687:
14676:
14670:
14669:
14667:
14665:
14649:
14643:
14642:
14640:
14638:
14623:
14617:
14616:
14614:
14612:
14598:
14592:
14591:
14589:
14587:
14576:
14570:
14569:
14567:
14565:
14560:. 1 October 2016
14550:
14544:
14543:
14541:
14539:
14528:
14522:
14521:
14519:
14517:
14506:
14497:
14496:
14494:
14492:
14481:
14475:
14474:
14472:
14470:
14459:
14453:
14452:
14450:
14448:
14433:
14427:
14426:
14424:
14422:
14411:
14405:
14404:
14394:
14384:
14360:
14354:
14353:
14351:
14349:
14334:
14328:
14327:
14325:
14323:
14318:. 15 August 2016
14308:
14302:
14301:
14299:
14297:
14282:
14276:
14275:
14273:
14271:
14265:
14257:
14251:
14250:
14248:
14246:
14229:
14223:
14222:
14208:
14202:
14201:
14199:
14197:
14182:
14176:
14175:
14163:
14152:
14151:
14149:
14147:
14132:
14126:
14125:
14119:
14117:
14101:
14095:
14094:
14092:
14090:
14085:on 16 April 2015
14074:
14068:
14067:
14065:
14063:
14048:
14042:
14041:
14039:
14037:
14026:
14020:
14019:
14017:
14015:
14000:
13994:
13993:
13991:
13989:
13974:
13968:
13967:
13965:
13963:
13952:
13946:
13945:
13943:
13941:
13925:
13919:
13918:
13916:
13914:
13899:
13893:
13892:
13890:
13888:
13879:. Archived from
13868:
13862:
13861:
13859:
13857:
13842:
13836:
13835:
13833:
13831:
13816:
13810:
13809:
13807:
13805:
13794:
13788:
13787:
13785:
13783:
13768:
13762:
13761:
13759:
13757:
13742:
13736:
13735:
13733:
13731:
13715:
13709:
13708:
13706:
13704:
13684:
13678:
13677:
13675:
13673:
13658:
13656:
13654:
13643:
13637:
13636:
13634:
13632:
13618:
13616:
13614:
13603:
13601:
13599:
13593:Washington Times
13584:
13578:
13577:
13575:
13573:
13558:
13552:
13551:
13549:
13547:
13536:
13530:
13529:
13527:
13525:
13514:
13508:
13507:
13505:
13503:
13492:
13486:
13485:
13483:
13481:
13462:
13456:
13455:
13453:
13451:
13436:
13430:
13429:
13418:
13412:
13411:
13409:
13407:
13396:
13390:
13389:
13387:
13385:
13370:
13364:
13363:
13361:
13359:
13352:prensa-latina.cu
13344:
13338:
13337:
13326:
13320:
13319:
13308:
13302:
13301:
13290:
13284:
13283:
13272:
13266:
13265:
13254:
13248:
13247:
13236:
13230:
13229:
13227:
13225:
13214:
13208:
13207:
13205:
13203:
13192:
13186:
13185:
13183:
13181:
13172:. Archived from
13165:
13159:
13158:
13156:
13154:
13139:
13133:
13132:
13121:
13115:
13114:
13112:
13110:
13095:
13089:
13088:
13076:
13070:
13069:
13058:
13052:
13051:
13049:
13047:
13038:. Archived from
13032:
13023:
13022:
13020:
13018:
13007:
13001:
13000:
12998:
12996:
12981:
12975:
12974:
12963:
12957:
12956:
12944:
12938:
12937:
12935:
12933:
12924:. Archived from
12918:
12912:
12911:
12909:
12907:
12888:
12882:
12881:
12879:
12877:
12858:
12852:
12851:
12849:
12847:
12838:. Archived from
12827:
12821:
12820:
12818:
12816:
12807:. Archived from
12796:
12790:
12789:
12777:
12771:
12770:
12758:
12752:
12751:
12749:
12747:
12731:
12722:
12721:
12719:
12717:
12708:. Archived from
12697:
12691:
12690:
12688:
12686:
12677:. Archived from
12666:
12660:
12659:
12657:
12655:
12646:. Archived from
12636:
12630:
12629:
12627:
12625:
12605:
12599:
12598:
12596:
12594:
12579:
12573:
12572:
12561:
12555:
12554:
12553:on 21 June 2015.
12549:. Archived from
12538:
12532:
12531:
12530:on 18 June 2015.
12526:. Archived from
12515:
12509:
12508:
12501:
12495:
12494:
12483:
12477:
12476:
12474:
12472:
12457:
12451:
12450:
12448:
12446:
12431:
12425:
12424:
12422:
12420:
12405:
12399:
12398:
12396:
12394:
12375:
12369:
12368:
12366:
12364:
12358:
12349:
12343:
12342:
12340:
12338:
12333:on 15 April 2015
12322:
12316:
12315:
12313:
12311:
12291:
12285:
12284:
12282:
12280:
12261:
12255:
12254:
12252:
12250:
12245:on 18 March 2015
12241:. Archived from
12231:
12225:
12224:
12222:
12220:
12215:on 20 March 2015
12211:. Archived from
12201:
12195:
12194:
12192:
12190:
12174:
12168:
12167:
12165:
12163:
12148:
12142:
12141:
12139:
12137:
12121:
12112:
12111:
12109:
12107:
12092:
12086:
12085:
12083:
12081:
12066:
12060:
12059:
12057:
12055:
12044:
12038:
12037:
12035:
12033:
12018:
12012:
12011:
12009:
12007:
11998:. Archived from
11987:
11981:
11980:
11978:
11976:
11967:. Archived from
11956:
11950:
11949:
11947:
11945:
11936:. Archived from
11925:
11919:
11918:
11916:
11914:
11905:. Archived from
11894:
11888:
11887:
11885:
11883:
11872:
11866:
11865:
11854:
11848:
11847:
11844:The Toronto Star
11836:
11830:
11829:
11827:
11825:
11814:
11808:
11807:
11805:
11803:
11788:
11782:
11781:
11779:
11777:
11762:
11756:
11755:
11753:
11751:
11736:
11730:
11729:
11727:
11725:
11706:
11700:
11699:
11697:
11695:
11684:
11678:
11677:
11675:
11673:
11662:
11656:
11655:
11653:
11651:
11642:. 16 June 2013.
11632:
11626:
11625:
11623:
11621:
11607:
11599:
11593:
11592:
11590:
11588:
11573:
11567:
11566:
11564:
11562:
11548:
11542:
11541:
11539:
11537:
11526:
11520:
11519:
11517:
11515:
11500:
11494:
11493:
11491:
11489:
11473:
11464:
11463:
11461:
11459:
11454:on 5 August 2012
11444:
11438:
11437:
11435:
11433:
11418:
11412:
11411:
11409:
11407:
11392:
11386:
11385:
11383:
11381:
11372:. Archived from
11361:
11355:
11354:
11352:
11350:
11331:
11325:
11324:
11322:
11320:
11304:
11298:
11297:
11295:
11293:
11278:
11272:
11271:
11261:
11254:
11248:
11247:
11245:
11243:
11228:
11222:
11221:
11205:
11199:
11198:
11191:
11185:
11184:
11182:
11180:
11165:
11159:
11158:
11151:
11145:
11144:
11137:
11131:
11130:
11128:
11126:
11114:
11108:
11107:
11105:
11103:
11087:
11081:
11080:
11078:
11076:
11065:
11059:
11058:
11056:
11054:
11039:
11033:
11032:
11030:
11028:
11023:. 23 August 2012
11013:
11007:
11006:
11004:
11002:
10987:
10981:
10980:
10968:
10962:
10961:
10959:
10957:
10942:
10936:
10935:
10933:
10931:
10912:
10906:
10905:
10903:
10901:
10886:
10880:
10879:
10877:
10875:
10860:
10854:
10853:
10851:
10849:
10832:
10826:
10825:
10823:
10821:
10802:
10796:
10795:
10793:
10791:
10775:
10769:
10768:
10766:
10764:
10752:
10746:
10745:
10743:
10741:
10725:
10719:
10718:
10716:
10714:
10698:
10692:
10691:
10689:
10687:
10676:
10670:
10669:
10667:
10665:
10650:
10644:
10643:
10641:
10639:
10634:. 21 August 2012
10624:
10618:
10617:
10615:
10613:
10601:
10592:
10591:
10589:
10587:
10572:
10566:
10555:
10549:
10548:
10546:
10544:
10524:
10518:
10511:
10500:
10499:
10497:
10495:
10480:
10474:
10473:
10471:
10469:
10454:
10448:
10447:
10445:
10443:
10438:. 15 August 2016
10428:
10422:
10421:
10419:
10417:
10397:
10388:
10387:
10385:
10383:
10366:
10360:
10359:
10357:
10355:
10341:
10335:
10334:
10332:
10330:
10315:
10304:
10303:
10301:
10299:
10288:
10282:
10281:
10279:
10277:
10262:
10256:
10255:
10253:
10251:
10236:
10230:
10229:
10218:
10212:
10211:
10209:
10207:
10196:
10185:
10184:
10174:
10166:
10160:
10159:
10157:
10155:
10144:
10135:
10134:
10132:
10130:
10119:
10110:
10109:
10097:
10091:
10090:
10088:
10086:
10081:on 13 April 2019
10080:
10074:. Archived from
10063:
10052:
10043:
10042:
10030:
10024:
10023:
10011:
10005:
10004:
9997:
9991:
9990:
9979:
9973:
9972:
9970:
9968:
9953:
9947:
9946:
9933:
9927:
9926:
9924:
9922:
9907:
9901:
9900:
9898:
9896:
9877:
9871:
9870:
9868:
9866:
9851:
9845:
9844:
9842:
9840:
9824:
9818:
9817:
9806:
9800:
9799:
9788:
9782:
9781:
9770:
9764:
9763:
9755:
9749:
9748:
9736:
9730:
9724:
9718:
9717:
9715:
9713:
9690:
9684:
9683:
9673:
9665:
9659:
9658:
9646:
9636:
9628:
9622:
9621:
9610:
9604:
9603:
9601:
9599:
9584:
9578:
9577:
9565:
9559:
9558:
9556:
9554:
9538:
9532:
9531:
9519:
9510:
9503:
9497:
9496:
9494:
9492:
9477:
9468:
9467:
9465:
9463:
9448:
9439:
9438:
9436:
9434:
9419:
9406:
9405:
9403:
9401:
9390:
9381:
9380:
9378:
9376:
9361:
9355:
9354:
9352:
9350:
9335:
9326:
9325:
9323:
9321:
9312:. Archived from
9302:
9300:
9298:
9282:
9280:
9278:
9269:. Archived from
9258:
9252:
9251:
9249:
9247:
9231:
9225:
9224:
9222:
9220:
9208:
9202:
9201:
9194:
9188:
9187:
9185:
9183:
9169:
9163:
9162:
9153:
9147:
9146:
9144:
9142:
9127:
9121:
9120:
9118:
9116:
9105:
9099:
9098:
9094:Long War Journal
9085:
9079:
9078:
9066:
9057:
9056:
9054:
9052:
9037:
9031:
9030:
9028:
9026:
9016:
9008:
8999:
8998:
8996:
8994:
8983:
8977:
8976:
8974:
8972:
8960:
8954:
8953:
8951:
8949:
8934:
8928:
8927:
8925:
8923:
8904:
8893:
8892:
8890:
8888:
8873:
8867:
8866:
8855:
8849:
8848:
8846:
8844:
8838:
8831:
8822:
8813:
8812:
8810:
8808:
8796:
8790:
8789:
8777:
8771:
8770:
8768:
8766:
8756:
8750:
8749:
8747:
8745:
8730:
8724:
8723:
8721:
8719:
8704:
8698:
8697:
8692:
8690:
8678:
8672:
8671:
8659:
8650:
8649:
8647:
8645:
8628:
8615:
8614:
8612:
8610:
8593:
8584:
8583:
8581:
8579:
8568:
8559:
8558:
8550:
8544:
8543:
8541:
8539:
8534:. Abcnews.go.com
8528:
8522:
8521:
8519:
8517:
8502:
8496:
8495:
8493:
8491:
8475:
8469:
8468:
8466:
8464:
8448:
8442:
8441:
8439:
8437:
8421:
8412:
8411:
8400:
8394:
8385:
8379:
8378:
8376:
8374:
8369:on 11 April 2017
8359:
8353:
8352:
8350:
8348:
8329:
8320:
8319:
8317:
8315:
8306:. Archived from
8296:
8290:
8289:
8287:
8285:
8271:
8263:
8257:
8256:
8245:
8239:
8238:
8236:
8234:
8223:
8217:
8208:
8202:
8201:
8199:
8197:
8177:
8171:
8170:
8168:
8166:
8146:
8140:
8139:
8137:
8135:
8116:
8110:
8109:
8107:
8105:
8089:
8083:
8082:
8080:
8078:
8063:
8057:
8041:
8035:
8034:
8032:
8030:
8021:. Archived from
8010:
8004:
8003:
8001:
7999:
7987:
7981:
7980:
7978:
7976:
7966:
7960:
7959:
7957:
7955:
7941:
7935:
7934:
7932:
7930:
7919:
7913:
7907:
7901:
7900:
7898:
7896:
7887:. Archived from
7876:
7865:
7864:
7862:
7860:
7851:. Archived from
7840:
7834:
7833:
7831:
7829:
7814:
7808:
7807:
7796:
7790:
7789:
7787:
7785:
7770:
7764:
7763:
7761:
7759:
7744:
7735:
7734:
7723:
7717:
7716:
7714:
7712:
7697:
7684:
7683:
7672:
7666:
7660:
7654:
7653:
7651:
7649:
7634:
7628:
7627:
7625:
7623:
7611:
7605:
7604:
7602:
7600:
7588:
7582:
7581:
7579:
7577:
7571:Long War Journal
7562:
7533:
7532:
7530:
7528:
7513:
7507:
7506:
7504:
7502:
7487:
7458:
7455:
7413:Battle of al-Bab
7368:
7363:
7362:
7274:
7262:
7073:Hassan Nasrallah
7002:
6990:
6959:apartment blocks
6933:. Damage to the
6906:Hague Convention
6881:. Fighting with
6855:magazine wrote:
6807:Viktor Poznikhir
6727:
6715:
6696:Atlantic Council
6634:Chemical attacks
6605:
6439:
6355:(1,549 deaths),
6263:Suheil Al Hassan
6084:
6070:
6060:
6050:
6040:
6033:Syrian Arab Army
6030:
5908:
5743:, September 2012
5737:Conquest Brigade
5733:
5732:
5715:
5704:Free Syrian Army
5700:
5603:Syrian Arab Army
5537:Free Syrian Army
5458:Syrian Civil War
5407:Syrian Air Force
5373:Syrian Civil War
5337:Free Syrian Army
5322:
5312:
5310:
5301:Battle of Aleppo
5104:
5102:
5101:Battle of Aleppo
5092:
5085:
5078:
5069:
5068:
4928:Euphrates Shield
4861:
4859:
4849:
4842:
4835:
4826:
4825:
4626:
4624:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4591:
4590:
4462:
4454:
4447:
4440:
4431:
4430:
4396:5th Northwestern
4348:Raqqa & Azaz
4337:4th Northwestern
4326:
4323:
4316:
4309:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4276:
4275:
4246:Daraa insurgency
4208:
4204:
4194:
4187:
4180:
4171:
4170:
4080:10th Rif Dimashq
3990:
3985:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3950:
3949:
3918:Deir ez-Zor city
3772:
3767:Collapse of the
3760:
3753:
3746:
3737:
3736:
3434:
3431:
3429:Euphrates Shield
3423:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3390:
3389:
3370:2nd Al-Qaryatayn
3221:
3218:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3185:
3184:
3160:1st al-Qaryatayn
3108:Daraa/As-Suwayda
3067:2nd Yarmouk camp
3057:Al-Fu'ah-Kafriya
2946:
2935:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2902:
2901:
2792:al-Otaiba ambush
2756:
2753:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2720:
2719:
2556:1st Yarmouk camp
2485:Syrian Kurdistan
2380:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2342:
2341:
2195:
2192:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2159:
2158:
2099:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2065:
2064:
1845:
1844:Syrian civil war
1836:
1829:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1792:
1791:
1785:
1761:
1739:
1704:
1703:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1641:(since mid-2014)
1640:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1513:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1478:Syrian Hezbollah
1466:
1465:
1464:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1419:Harakat al-Abdal
1417:
1416:
1415:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1242:
1241:
1221:Syrian Air Force
1219:
1218:
1217:
1190:al-Baqir Brigade
1188:
1187:
1186:
1174:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1148:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1095:
1083:
1075:Republican Guard
1073:
1063:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1014:
1008:
1001:
1000:
999:
994:
993:
992:
976:
974:
973:
972:
964:
961:
960:
959:
950:
947:
946:
945:
937:
934:
933:
932:
920:
917:
907:(Al-Nusra Front)
906:
904:
897:
896:
895:
886:
883:
865:
862:
855:
854:
853:
844:
841:
830:
827:
813:
810:
785:
782:
774:
769:
768:
767:
751:
749:
742:
741:
740:
731:
729:
721:Hossein Hamadani
719:
718:
717:
708:
706:
696:
693:
686:
685:
684:
675:
672:
665:
664:
663:
647:
642:
641:
640:
632:
627:
626:
625:
617:
612:
611:
610:
602:
597:
596:
595:
583:
578:
577:
576:
568:
563:
562:
561:
553:
548:
547:
546:
529:
528:
527:
518:
517:
516:
506:
505:
504:
495:Free Syrian Army
493:
492:
483:
479:
472:(since mid-2016)
471:
469:Army of Conquest
467:
466:
465:
458:
449:
448:
447:
439:
433:
423:
422:
421:
413:
409:
408:
407:
398:
397:
396:
389:Liwa Zainebiyoun
387:
386:
385:
376:
375:
374:
366:
362:
361:
352:
348:
347:
346:
338:
334:
327:Allied militias:
322:
316:
315:
314:
306:
300:
299:
298:
288:
287:
230:
229:
227:
226:
225:
220:
216:
213:
212:
211:
208:
175:
174:
164:
150:
140:
130:
120:
113:Syrian Arab Army
110:
88:Free Syrian Army
73:
67:
57:Syrian civil war
50:
49:
44:Battle of Aleppo
41:
40:
21:
20832:
20831:
20827:
20826:
20825:
20823:
20822:
20821:
20692:
20691:
20690:
20685:
20659:
20608:
20592:
20497:
20411:
20346:
20331:
20312:Razan Zaitouneh
20217:Burhan Ghalioun
20192:Ammar al-Qurabi
20100:al-Assad family
20090:Ali al-Abdallah
20076:
20053:
20039:Junud al-Makhdi
20034:Ajnad al-Kavkaz
20004:
19948:
19912:
19854:
19832:DFNS Government
19822:
19811:
19787:US intervention
19779:Foreign support
19773:
19717:
19644:
19606:Liwa Fatemiyoun
19588:Foreign support
19582:
19573:al-Quds Brigade
19546:
19502:
19479:
19462:
19403:
19384:Battle of Sidon
19364:
19346:
19317:
19277:
19248:
19243:
19238:
19194:
19189:
19184:
19140:
19135:
19130:
19091:
19086:
19081:
18987:
18983:
18979:
18974:
18969:
18860:
18856:
18852:
18847:
18842:
18746:Battle of Raqqa
18701:Battle of Tabqa
18626:
18622:
18618:
18613:
18608:
18574:Dabiq offensive
18522:Tokhar massacre
18407:
18403:
18399:
18394:
18389:
18330:Kobanî massacre
18290:Idlib Offensive
18285:Battle of Bosra
18245:
18241:
18236:
18231:
18187:Siege of Kobanî
18143:Battle of Arsal
18108:Idlib offensive
18088:Battle of Morek
18061:
18057:
18052:
18047:
17954:Daraa offensive
17917:
17913:
17908:
17903:
17855:Battle of Harem
17727:
17723:
17719:
17714:
17709:
17678:Battle of Douma
17598:
17594:
17590:
17585:
17580:
17551:Damascus Spring
17506:
17485:
17464:
17460:U.S. task force
17455:Rojava conflict
17393:
17372:
17336:
17305:
17225:
17214:
17209:
17137:
17127:
17097:
17081:
17073:
17068:
17055:
17054:
17050:
17040:
17038:
17023:
17019:
17009:
17007:
17002:
17001:
16997:
16987:
16985:
16974:
16970:
16953:
16949:
16939:
16937:
16930:
16926:
16913:
16912:
16908:
16898:
16896:
16885:
16881:
16868:
16867:
16863:
16853:
16851:
16838:
16837:
16833:
16823:
16821:
16820:on 11 July 2014
16810:
16806:
16796:
16794:
16785:
16784:
16780:
16770:
16768:
16755:
16754:
16750:
16740:
16738:
16736:AJE Live Events
16730:
16729:
16725:
16715:
16713:
16708:
16707:
16703:
16693:
16691:
16686:
16685:
16681:
16673:
16669:
16659:
16657:
16652:
16651:
16647:
16639:
16632:
16622:
16620:
16615:
16614:
16610:
16600:
16598:
16586:
16582:
16572:
16570:
16559:
16558:
16554:
16544:
16542:
16537:
16536:
16532:
16522:
16520:
16515:
16514:
16510:
16500:
16498:
16497:on 14 July 2015
16489:
16488:
16484:
16474:
16472:
16467:
16466:
16462:
16452:
16450:
16449:on 7 April 2014
16441:
16440:
16436:
16426:
16424:
16409:
16405:
16395:
16393:
16392:on 7 April 2014
16384:
16383:
16379:
16369:
16367:
16362:
16361:
16357:
16347:
16345:
16336:
16335:
16331:
16321:
16319:
16314:
16313:
16309:
16299:
16297:
16292:
16291:
16287:
16277:
16275:
16273:Washington Post
16261:
16257:
16247:
16245:
16244:on 29 July 2012
16236:
16235:
16231:
16221:
16219:
16210:
16209:
16205:
16195:
16193:
16180:
16179:
16175:
16166:
16165:
16161:
16151:
16149:
16136:
16132:
16122:
16120:
16111:
16110:
16106:
16091:
16090:
16086:
16073:
16072:
16068:
16055:
16054:
16050:
16035:
16031:
16021:
16019:
16009:
16005:
15996:
15995:
15991:
15978:
15977:
15973:
15964:
15963:
15959:
15944:
15943:
15936:
15926:
15924:
15914:
15907:
15897:
15895:
15893:Huffington Post
15885:
15881:
15871:
15869:
15854:
15853:
15849:
15837:
15833:
15823:
15821:
15817:
15813:
15812:
15808:
15798:
15796:
15787:
15786:
15782:
15772:
15770:
15765:
15764:
15760:
15750:
15748:
15735:
15734:
15730:
15720:
15718:
15710:
15709:
15702:
15692:
15690:
15682:
15681:
15677:
15667:
15665:
15657:
15656:
15652:
15643:
15642:
15638:
15629:
15628:
15624:
15614:
15612:
15607:
15606:
15602:
15593:
15589:
15572:
15571:
15567:
15557:
15555:
15546:
15545:
15541:
15534:Middle East Eye
15528:
15527:
15523:
15510:
15509:
15505:
15492:
15491:
15487:
15477:
15475:
15470:
15469:
15465:
15455:
15453:
15451:New York Review
15443:
15436:
15428:
15424:
15415:
15411:
15398:
15397:
15393:
15383:
15381:
15376:
15375:
15368:
15358:
15356:
15355:on 14 June 2016
15347:
15346:
15342:
15334:
15327:
15313:
15309:
15297:
15293:
15284:
15280:
15270:
15268:
15257:
15256:
15252:
15242:
15240:
15230:
15226:
15213:
15212:
15208:
15198:
15196:
15187:
15186:
15182:
15173:
15169:
15154:
15150:
15142:
15138:
15130:
15126:
15116:
15114:
15109:
15108:
15104:
15089:
15085:
15075:
15073:
15068:
15067:
15063:
15053:
15051:
15046:
15045:
15041:
15031:
15029:
15024:
15023:
15016:
15006:
15004:
14999:
14998:
14994:
14984:
14982:
14977:
14976:
14972:
14962:
14960:
14952:
14951:
14947:
14937:
14935:
14927:
14926:
14922:
14912:
14910:
14905:
14904:
14900:
14883:
14882:
14878:
14868:
14866:
14862:
14855:
14851:
14850:
14839:
14829:
14827:
14822:
14821:
14817:
14807:
14805:
14796:
14795:
14791:
14781:
14779:
14772:
14768:
14758:
14756:
14747:
14746:
14742:
14732:
14730:
14725:
14724:
14720:
14710:
14708:
14703:
14702:
14695:
14685:
14683:
14678:
14677:
14673:
14663:
14661:
14650:
14646:
14636:
14634:
14625:
14624:
14620:
14610:
14608:
14600:
14599:
14595:
14585:
14583:
14578:
14577:
14573:
14563:
14561:
14552:
14551:
14547:
14537:
14535:
14530:
14529:
14525:
14515:
14513:
14508:
14507:
14500:
14490:
14488:
14483:
14482:
14478:
14468:
14466:
14461:
14460:
14456:
14446:
14444:
14434:
14430:
14420:
14418:
14413:
14412:
14408:
14361:
14357:
14347:
14345:
14344:. 22 April 2014
14336:
14335:
14331:
14321:
14319:
14310:
14309:
14305:
14295:
14293:
14284:
14283:
14279:
14269:
14267:
14263:
14259:
14258:
14254:
14244:
14242:
14231:
14230:
14226:
14209:
14205:
14195:
14193:
14183:
14179:
14164:
14155:
14145:
14143:
14141:The Independent
14133:
14129:
14115:
14113:
14102:
14098:
14088:
14086:
14075:
14071:
14061:
14059:
14049:
14045:
14035:
14033:
14028:
14027:
14023:
14013:
14011:
14001:
13997:
13987:
13985:
13976:
13975:
13971:
13961:
13959:
13954:
13953:
13949:
13939:
13937:
13926:
13922:
13912:
13910:
13908:Financial Times
13900:
13896:
13886:
13884:
13869:
13865:
13855:
13853:
13852:. 28 April 2014
13844:
13843:
13839:
13829:
13827:
13817:
13813:
13803:
13801:
13796:
13795:
13791:
13781:
13779:
13769:
13765:
13755:
13753:
13752:. 23 April 2014
13744:
13743:
13739:
13729:
13727:
13726:on 13 July 2015
13716:
13712:
13702:
13700:
13685:
13681:
13671:
13669:
13659:
13652:
13650:
13645:
13644:
13640:
13630:
13628:
13620:
13619:
13612:
13610:
13605:
13604:
13597:
13595:
13585:
13581:
13571:
13569:
13560:
13559:
13555:
13545:
13543:
13538:
13537:
13533:
13523:
13521:
13516:
13515:
13511:
13501:
13499:
13494:
13493:
13489:
13479:
13477:
13464:
13463:
13459:
13449:
13447:
13438:
13437:
13433:
13420:
13419:
13415:
13405:
13403:
13398:
13397:
13393:
13383:
13381:
13372:
13371:
13367:
13357:
13355:
13346:
13345:
13341:
13328:
13327:
13323:
13310:
13309:
13305:
13292:
13291:
13287:
13280:The Independent
13274:
13273:
13269:
13256:
13255:
13251:
13238:
13237:
13233:
13223:
13221:
13216:
13215:
13211:
13201:
13199:
13194:
13193:
13189:
13179:
13177:
13166:
13162:
13152:
13150:
13149:. 6 August 2016
13141:
13140:
13136:
13123:
13122:
13118:
13108:
13106:
13105:. 7 August 2016
13097:
13096:
13092:
13079:Mroue, Bassem.
13077:
13073:
13060:
13059:
13055:
13045:
13043:
13034:
13033:
13026:
13016:
13014:
13008:
13004:
12994:
12992:
12982:
12978:
12965:
12964:
12960:
12945:
12941:
12931:
12929:
12920:
12919:
12915:
12905:
12903:
12902:on 28 July 2016
12890:
12889:
12885:
12875:
12873:
12860:
12859:
12855:
12845:
12843:
12828:
12824:
12814:
12812:
12797:
12793:
12778:
12774:
12759:
12755:
12745:
12743:
12732:
12725:
12715:
12713:
12698:
12694:
12684:
12682:
12667:
12663:
12653:
12651:
12638:
12637:
12633:
12623:
12621:
12606:
12602:
12592:
12590:
12581:
12580:
12576:
12563:
12562:
12558:
12539:
12535:
12516:
12512:
12503:
12502:
12498:
12485:
12484:
12480:
12470:
12468:
12460:UNESCO (2018).
12458:
12454:
12444:
12442:
12432:
12428:
12418:
12416:
12406:
12402:
12392:
12390:
12377:
12376:
12372:
12362:
12360:
12356:
12350:
12346:
12336:
12334:
12323:
12319:
12309:
12307:
12292:
12288:
12278:
12276:
12275:on 2 April 2015
12263:
12262:
12258:
12248:
12246:
12233:
12232:
12228:
12218:
12216:
12203:
12202:
12198:
12188:
12186:
12185:on 14 July 2015
12175:
12171:
12161:
12159:
12158:on 2 April 2015
12150:
12149:
12145:
12135:
12133:
12132:on 14 July 2015
12122:
12115:
12105:
12103:
12094:
12093:
12089:
12079:
12077:
12068:
12067:
12063:
12053:
12051:
12046:
12045:
12041:
12031:
12029:
12020:
12019:
12015:
12005:
12003:
11988:
11984:
11974:
11972:
11957:
11953:
11943:
11941:
11926:
11922:
11912:
11910:
11895:
11891:
11881:
11879:
11874:
11873:
11869:
11856:
11855:
11851:
11838:
11837:
11833:
11823:
11821:
11816:
11815:
11811:
11801:
11799:
11790:
11789:
11785:
11775:
11773:
11772:on 13 July 2015
11764:
11763:
11759:
11749:
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11721:
11708:
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11634:
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11617:
11600:
11596:
11586:
11584:
11581:Huffington Post
11575:
11574:
11570:
11560:
11558:
11556:Huffington Post
11550:
11549:
11545:
11535:
11533:
11532:. Aljazeera.com
11528:
11527:
11523:
11513:
11511:
11510:on 31 July 2012
11502:
11501:
11497:
11487:
11485:
11482:The Independent
11474:
11467:
11457:
11455:
11446:
11445:
11441:
11431:
11429:
11420:
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11415:
11405:
11403:
11402:on 30 July 2012
11394:
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11000:
10998:
10996:The Daily Beast
10988:
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10969:
10965:
10955:
10953:
10952:. 11 March 2016
10944:
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10406:Washington Post
10398:
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10379:
10378:. 16 April 2014
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10078:
10072:
10061:
10058:Breaking Aleppo
10053:
10046:
10031:
10027:
10012:
10008:
10003:. 8 April 2016.
9999:
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9344:Washington Post
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9267:Washington Post
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8896:
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8884:
8874:
8870:
8865:. 22 July 2012.
8857:
8856:
8852:
8842:
8840:
8839:on 2 April 2015
8836:
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8504:
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8499:
8489:
8487:
8482:. Reuters.com.
8476:
8472:
8462:
8460:
8449:
8445:
8435:
8433:
8432:on 12 July 2013
8422:
8415:
8410:. 8 April 2016.
8402:
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8065:
8064:
8060:
8051:Wayback Machine
8042:
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8028:
8026:
8011:
8007:
7997:
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7972:
7968:
7967:
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7953:
7951:
7943:
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7938:
7928:
7926:
7925:. Aljazeera.com
7921:
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7908:
7904:
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7892:
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7858:
7856:
7841:
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7798:
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7783:
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7779:Financial Times
7771:
7767:
7757:
7755:
7746:
7745:
7738:
7731:Washington Post
7725:
7724:
7720:
7710:
7708:
7699:
7698:
7687:
7680:Huffington Post
7674:
7673:
7669:
7661:
7657:
7647:
7645:
7644:on 27 June 2015
7636:
7635:
7631:
7621:
7619:
7618:. Syria Comment
7612:
7608:
7598:
7596:
7589:
7585:
7575:
7573:
7563:
7536:
7526:
7524:
7514:
7510:
7500:
7498:
7488:
7471:
7467:
7462:
7461:
7456:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7433:Siege of Marawi
7397:Siege of Kobanî
7364:
7357:
7354:
7315:
7302:Steffen Seibert
7285:
7278:
7275:
7266:
7263:
7119:Stephen O'Brien
7096:
7065:Bashar al-Assad
7047:
7039:Bashar al-Assad
7035:
7018:
7013:
7006:
7003:
6994:
6991:
6919:bombing in 2014
6848:
6836:
6767:Mark A. Summers
6738:
6731:
6728:
6719:
6716:
6692:Breaking Aleppo
6611:Bashar al-Assad
6607:
6595:
6495:
6441:
6431:
6423:
6417:
6412:
6353:field execution
6332:
6312:
6207:
6173:region of Afrin
6165:
6132:Rebels started
6086:
6082:
6080:
6068:
6066:
6058:
6056:
6048:
6046:
6038:
6036:
6028:
6012:
5988:Main articles:
5986:
5929:al-Hatab Square
5912:Al-Hatab Square
5900:
5878:
5868:
5862:
5844:
5838:
5757:
5751:
5744:
5734:
5724:
5719:
5716:
5707:
5701:
5669:
5663:
5658:
5506:
5490:Bashar al-Assad
5460:
5454:
5335:(including the
5297:
5296:
5295:
5290:
5285:Final offensive
5279:Rebel offensive
5245:Aleppo bombings
5213:Rebel offensive
5153:Menagh Air Base
5139:
5105:
5100:
5098:
5096:
5066:
5057:
5053:UK intervention
4977:List of attacks
4967:US intervention
4943:Afrin operation
4933:2017 airstrikes
4862:
4857:
4855:
4853:
4820:
4812:
4811:
4803:
4773:
4750:
4739:Western Nineveh
4720:
4700:
4692:
4662:
4627:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4585:
4517:Jabal al-Bishrī
4463:
4460:
4458:
4425:
4327:
4321:
4314:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4270:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4165:
3991:
3988:
3983:
3979:
3977:
3944:
3773:
3766:
3764:
3731:
3584:Northern al-Bab
3518:9th Rif Dimashq
3479:8th Rif Dimashq
3474:Aleppo bombings
3435:
3427:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3384:
3256:Su-24 shootdown
3222:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3179:
3170:7th Rif Dimashq
2947:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2896:
2880:6th Rif Dimashq
2773:Northern Aleppo
2757:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2714:
2698:5th Rif Dimashq
2633:Jdaidet al-Fadl
2627:4th Rif Dimashq
2551:3rd Rif Dimashq
2531:2nd Rif Dimashq
2497:Hasaka campaign
2455:Menagh Air Base
2381:
2371:
2369:
2336:
2270:1st Rif Dimashq
2231:Jabal al-Zawiya
2196:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2153:
2100:
2094:
2092:
2059:
2012:
1982:
1975:May–August 2019
1960:May–August 2018
1945:May–August 2017
1930:May–August 2016
1885:May–August 2012
1870:May–August 2011
1847:
1843:
1840:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1760:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1698:
1694:Jabhat al-Akrad
1680:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1658:
1656:
1632:
1630:
1613:
1611:
1606:
1604:
1588:
1586:
1576:
1574:
1549:
1547:
1543:Free Idlib Army
1537:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1505:
1495:
1493:
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1483:
1474:
1473:
1468:
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1251:
1246:
1236:
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1215:
1213:
1184:
1182:
1161:
1159:
1154:629th Battalion
1132:
1108:
1106:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1030:
1028:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1004:
997:
995:
990:
988:
985:
984:
979:
977:(YPJ commander)
968:
967:
965:(YPJ commander)
963:
955:
954:
953:
951:(YPG commander)
949:
941:
940:
936:
928:
925:
919:
913:
900:
893:
891:
887:(Islamic Front)
885:
879:
864:
858:
851:
849:
843:
837:
829:
823:
812:
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623:
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605:
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599:Viktor Bondarev
593:
591:
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582:
580:Qasem Soleimani
574:
572:
571:
567:
565:Suheil al-Hasan
559:
557:
556:
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523:
522:
512:
511:
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487:
486:
481:Ansar al-Sharia
474:
461:
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443:
442:
419:
417:
416:
405:
403:
402:
400:Ba'ath Brigades
394:
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383:
381:
380:
378:Liwa Fatemiyoun
372:
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344:
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20614:
20613:Related topics
20610:
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20590:
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20543:39th G8 summit
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20252:Bassma Kodmani
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20222:Razan Ghazzawi
20219:
20214:
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20204:
20199:
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20172:Tal al-Mallohi
20169:
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20157:Moaz al-Khatib
20154:
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20137:Anwar al-Bunni
20134:
20129:
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20125:Hafez Makhlouf
20122:
20117:
20112:
20107:
20097:
20095:Adnan al-Aroor
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20019:Tahrir al-Sham
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19332:Akashat ambush
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19002:Manbij bombing
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18716:Aleppo bombing
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18589:Raqqa campaign
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18172:Hama Offensive
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18113:Battle of Hosn
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17998:Hatla massacre
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17993:Hama offensive
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17877:Hama offensive
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17872:Aqrab massacre
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17774:Houla massacre
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17556:Qamishli riots
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17377:World reaction
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17234:Main overviews
17227:
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17200:
17193:
17185:
17179:
17178:
17177:, 1 March 2017
17168:
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17136:
17135:External links
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16995:
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16906:
16879:
16876:. 7 July 2016.
16861:
16831:
16804:
16778:
16767:on 8 June 2015
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16186:Turkish Weekly
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15521:
15516:Deutsche Welle
15503:
15485:
15463:
15434:
15422:
15409:
15406:. 25 May 2016.
15404:Deutsche Welle
15391:
15366:
15340:
15325:
15323:, 20 May 2015.
15307:
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14369:PLOS Pathogens
14355:
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14224:
14203:
14177:
14153:
14127:
14112:on 20 May 2015
14096:
14069:
14043:
14021:
13995:
13969:
13947:
13920:
13894:
13877:Al-Masdar News
13863:
13837:
13811:
13789:
13763:
13737:
13710:
13679:
13638:
13626:The Daily Star
13579:
13568:on 1 June 2013
13553:
13531:
13509:
13487:
13457:
13444:Canberra times
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12866:Al Masdar News
12853:
12836:Al-Masdar News
12822:
12805:Al-Masdar News
12791:
12772:
12753:
12723:
12706:Al-Masdar News
12692:
12675:Al-Masdar News
12661:
12631:
12620:on 8 July 2015
12600:
12574:
12571:. 3 July 2015.
12556:
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12074:The Daily Star
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11465:
11439:
11428:. 31 July 2012
11413:
11387:
11356:
11339:The Daily Star
11326:
11299:
11273:
11249:
11223:
11216:) – via
11200:
11186:
11160:
11146:
11132:
11109:
11082:
11060:
11047:The Australian
11034:
11008:
10982:
10963:
10937:
10907:
10881:
10855:
10827:
10797:
10770:
10747:
10720:
10693:
10671:
10645:
10619:
10593:
10582:. 24 June 2011
10567:
10550:
10519:
10501:
10475:
10464:. 13 June 2017
10449:
10423:
10389:
10361:
10336:
10305:
10283:
10257:
10246:on 16 May 2016
10231:
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9819:
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9783:
9765:
9750:
9731:
9719:
9699:The New Yorker
9685:
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9623:
9605:
9579:
9560:
9533:
9511:
9498:
9469:
9440:
9407:
9382:
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9327:
9310:The Daily Star
9253:
9226:
9203:
9189:
9164:
9148:
9137:on 7 June 2014
9122:
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8725:
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8673:
8651:
8616:
8605:. 31 July 2012
8585:
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8470:
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8321:
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8203:
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8141:
8111:
8084:
8058:
8036:
8019:Al-Masdar News
8005:
7982:
7961:
7936:
7914:
7902:
7885:Al-Masdar News
7866:
7843:Dark, Edward.
7835:
7809:
7791:
7765:
7736:
7718:
7685:
7667:
7655:
7629:
7606:
7583:
7534:
7508:
7496:Al-Masdar News
7468:
7466:
7463:
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7459:
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7448:
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7322:
7319:
7314:
7311:
7307:Vladimir Putin
7292:cancelled its
7284:
7281:
7280:
7279:
7276:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7257:
7250:in the 1990s.
7240:their homes."
7208:politicization
7201:
7200:
7196:
7186:
7174:
7170:
7151:
7143:
7139:
7127:
7124:Vitaly Churkin
7102:Samantha Power
7095:
7092:
7069:Vladimir Putin
7046:
7043:
7034:
7031:
7017:
7016:Media coverage
7014:
7012:
7009:
7008:
7007:
7004:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6985:
6896:On 2 October,
6865:Al-Madina Souq
6847:
6844:
6835:
6832:
6815:Water supplies
6787:Jaysh al-Islam
6782:Sheikh Maqsood
6737:
6734:
6733:
6732:
6729:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6710:
6639:chlorine bombs
6583:
6582:
6581:
6574:
6571:Anadolu Agency
6567:
6561:
6555:
6526:United Nations
6517:voted for the
6491:Main article:
6424:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6344:longest sieges
6331:
6328:
6319:to the north (
6311:
6308:
6206:
6203:
6175:, and to halt
6164:
6161:
6081:
6067:
6057:
6047:
6043:al-Nusra Front
6037:
6027:
5985:
5982:
5925:Ahrar ash-Sham
5920:al-Nusra Front
5864:Main article:
5861:
5858:
5840:Main article:
5837:
5834:
5793:Umayyad Mosque
5784:al-Nusra Front
5768:suicide bomber
5753:Main article:
5750:
5747:
5746:
5745:
5735:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5710:
5708:
5702:
5695:
5665:Main article:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5634:Sheikh Maqsood
5611:al-Berri tribe
5581:Al-Nusra Front
5505:
5502:
5456:Main article:
5453:
5450:
5434:longest sieges
5353:al-Nusra Front
5331:, between the
5320:Maʿrakat Ḥalab
5292:
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5016:Lebanon's role
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4369:2nd Ras al-Ayn
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4294:
4287:
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4271:
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4268:
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4266:
4264:U.S. airstrike
4258:Baghuz Fawqani
4254:
4252:Manbij bombing
4249:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
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4197:
4196:
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4158:
4156:3rd As-Suwayda
4153:
4151:2nd As-Suwayda
4148:
4141:
4139:1st As-Suwayda
4136:
4134:House of Cards
4131:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4093:
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4076:
4071:
4066:
4065:
4064:
4061:SDF insurgency
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3867:
3862:
3860:Southern Raqqa
3857:
3852:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3808:
3803:
3796:
3789:
3787:al-Jina mosque
3784:
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3489:Northern Raqqa
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3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3278:
3276:Homs offensive
3273:
3268:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3211:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3188:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3081:
3076:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3050:2nd Idlib city
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3018:Southern Syria
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2928:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2905:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2858:
2853:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2822:4th Idlib Gov.
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2780:
2775:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2746:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2723:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2667:Eastern Ghouta
2663:
2662:
2661:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2640:
2635:
2623:
2618:
2606:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2577:
2572:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2426:
2423:3rd Idlib Gov.
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2377:Rebel advances
2368:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2345:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2325:2nd Idlib Gov.
2322:
2317:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2267:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2236:1st Idlib City
2233:
2228:
2220:1st Idlib Gov.
2216:
2215:
2214:
2212:Homs offensive
2206:Homs (2011–14)
2201:
2198:
2197:
2185:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2162:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2091:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2068:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2027:
2020:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1859:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1839:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1816:
1808:
1807:
1797:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1765:
1764:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1735:
1734:
1726:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1696:
1677:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1628:
1627:
1619:Al-Nusra Front
1602:
1601:
1596:
1584:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1560:Fastaqim Union
1557:
1555:Jaysh al-Islam
1545:
1533:
1531:Ahrar ash-Sham
1521:
1516:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1491:
1490:Junud al-Mahdi
1472:Units involved
1471:
1470:
1469:
1458:
1457:
1445:
1433:
1421:
1409:
1404:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1372:Units involved
1371:
1370:
1369:
1356:
1355:
1353:(Oct–Dec 2016)
1338:
1326:
1314:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1250:Units involved
1249:
1248:
1247:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1177:
1169:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1142:
1130:
1128:Special Forces
1125:
1122:
1119:
1114:17th Division
1104:
1099:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1085:Syrian Marines
1067:
1042:Units involved
1041:
1040:
1039:
1025:
1024:
1023:Units involved
1020:
1019:
1017:
1016:
982:
981:
980:
975:Sewsen Bîrhat
926:
924:
923:
909:
889:
872:
847:
833:
819:Yusef al-Jader
816:
795:
794:
793:
761:
759:
758:
734:
732:(IRGC General)
711:
699:
697:(IRGC General)
678:
653:
652:
651:
644:Mohammed Akkad
633:(4th Division)
629:Maher al-Assad
539:
538:
534:
533:
497:
427:
278:
277:
273:
272:
269:
268:
267:
266:
264:Sheikh Maqsoud
260:
257:
248:
236:
232:
231:
191:
189:
185:
184:
179:
171:
170:
168:
167:
161:
147:
137:
127:
123:al-Nusra Front
117:
107:
99:
98:
97:
60:
59:
52:
51:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
20829:
20818:
20815:
20813:
20812:Urban warfare
20810:
20808:
20805:
20803:
20800:
20798:
20795:
20793:
20790:
20788:
20785:
20783:
20780:
20778:
20775:
20773:
20770:
20768:
20765:
20763:
20760:
20758:
20755:
20753:
20750:
20748:
20745:
20743:
20740:
20738:
20735:
20733:
20730:
20728:
20725:
20723:
20720:
20718:
20715:
20713:
20710:
20708:
20705:
20703:
20700:
20699:
20697:
20682:
20674:
20673:
20670:
20656:
20653:
20651:
20648:
20646:
20643:
20641:
20638:
20636:
20633:
20631:
20628:
20626:
20623:
20621:
20618:
20617:
20615:
20611:
20605:
20602:
20601:
20599:
20595:
20589:
20586:
20584:
20581:
20579:
20576:
20574:
20571:
20569:
20566:
20564:
20561:
20559:
20556:
20554:
20551:
20549:
20546:
20544:
20541:
20539:
20536:
20534:
20531:
20527:
20524:
20523:
20522:
20519:
20517:
20514:
20512:
20509:
20508:
20506:
20504:
20503:Peace process
20500:
20494:
20491:
20489:
20486:
20484:
20481:
20479:
20476:
20474:
20471:
20469:
20466:
20464:
20461:
20459:
20456:
20454:
20451:
20449:
20446:
20444:
20441:
20439:
20436:
20434:
20431:
20429:
20426:
20424:
20421:
20420:
20418:
20414:
20408:
20405:
20403:
20400:
20398:
20395:
20393:
20390:
20388:
20385:
20383:
20380:
20378:
20375:
20373:
20370:
20368:
20365:
20363:
20360:
20359:
20357:
20353:
20349:
20342:
20338:
20328:
20325:
20323:
20320:
20318:
20315:
20313:
20310:
20308:
20307:Yaser Tabbara
20305:
20303:
20300:
20298:
20295:
20293:
20290:
20288:
20285:
20283:
20280:
20278:
20275:
20273:
20272:Dawoud Rajiha
20270:
20268:
20265:
20263:
20260:
20258:
20255:
20253:
20250:
20248:
20245:
20243:
20240:
20238:
20235:
20233:
20230:
20228:
20227:Ghassan Hitto
20225:
20223:
20220:
20218:
20215:
20213:
20210:
20208:
20205:
20203:
20200:
20198:
20197:Suheir Atassi
20195:
20193:
20190:
20188:
20185:
20183:
20180:
20178:
20177:Fida al-Sayed
20175:
20173:
20170:
20168:
20165:
20163:
20160:
20158:
20155:
20153:
20150:
20148:
20145:
20143:
20140:
20138:
20135:
20133:
20132:Riad al-Asaad
20130:
20126:
20123:
20121:
20120:Rami Makhlouf
20118:
20116:
20113:
20111:
20108:
20106:
20103:
20102:
20101:
20098:
20096:
20093:
20091:
20088:
20086:
20083:
20082:
20079:
20072:
20068:
20050:
20047:
20045:
20042:
20040:
20037:
20035:
20032:
20030:
20027:
20025:
20022:
20020:
20017:
20016:
20014:
20011:
20007:
20001:
19998:
19996:
19993:
19991:
19988:
19986:
19983:
19981:
19978:
19976:
19973:
19972:
19970:
19968:
19967:Islamic State
19964:
19961:
19959:
19955:
19945:
19942:
19940:
19937:
19935:
19932:
19930:
19927:
19925:
19922:
19921:
19919:
19915:
19909:
19906:
19904:
19901:
19899:
19896:
19894:
19891:
19889:
19886:
19884:
19881:
19879:
19876:
19874:
19871:
19869:
19866:
19865:
19863:
19861:
19857:
19851:
19848:
19846:
19843:
19841:
19838:
19837:
19835:
19833:
19829:
19826:
19824:
19818:
19808:
19805:
19803:
19800:
19798:
19795:
19793:
19790:
19788:
19785:
19784:
19782:
19780:
19776:
19770:
19767:
19765:
19762:
19760:
19757:
19755:
19752:
19750:
19747:
19745:
19744:Army of Glory
19742:
19740:
19737:
19735:
19732:
19730:
19727:
19726:
19724:
19720:
19714:
19711:
19709:
19706:
19704:
19701:
19699:
19696:
19694:
19691:
19689:
19686:
19684:
19681:
19677:
19674:
19673:
19672:
19669:
19668:
19666:
19664:
19660:
19657:
19655:
19651:
19641:
19638:
19636:
19633:
19629:
19626:
19624:
19621:
19619:
19616:
19615:
19614:
19611:
19607:
19604:
19603:
19602:
19599:
19597:
19594:
19593:
19591:
19589:
19585:
19579:
19576:
19574:
19571:
19569:
19566:
19564:
19561:
19559:
19556:
19555:
19553:
19549:
19543:
19540:
19538:
19535:
19533:
19530:
19528:
19525:
19524:
19522:
19520:
19516:
19513:
19509:
19505:
19498:
19494:
19475:
19472:
19471:
19469:
19465:
19459:
19456:
19454:
19451:
19449:
19446:
19444:
19441:
19439:
19436:
19434:
19431:
19429:
19426:
19424:
19421:
19419:
19416:
19415:
19413:
19410:
19406:
19400:
19397:
19395:
19392:
19390:
19387:
19385:
19382:
19380:
19377:
19376:
19374:
19371:
19367:
19361:
19358:
19357:
19355:
19353:
19349:
19343:
19340:
19338:
19335:
19333:
19330:
19329:
19327:
19324:
19320:
19314:
19311:
19309:
19306:
19304:
19301:
19300:
19298:
19295:
19291:
19288:
19286:
19285:
19280:
19274:
19271:
19269:
19266:
19264:
19261:
19259:
19256:
19255:
19253:
19251:
19246:
19241:
19235:
19232:
19230:
19227:
19225:
19222:
19220:
19217:
19215:
19212:
19210:
19207:
19205:
19202:
19201:
19199:
19197:
19192:
19187:
19181:
19178:
19176:
19175:Daraa clashes
19173:
19171:
19168:
19166:
19163:
19161:
19158:
19156:
19153:
19151:
19148:
19147:
19145:
19143:
19138:
19133:
19127:
19124:
19122:
19119:
19117:
19114:
19112:
19109:
19107:
19106:Afrin bombing
19104:
19102:
19099:
19098:
19096:
19094:
19089:
19084:
19078:
19077:US airstrikes
19075:
19073:
19070:
19068:
19065:
19063:
19060:
19058:
19055:
19053:
19050:
19048:
19045:
19043:
19040:
19038:
19035:
19033:
19032:June bombings
19030:
19028:
19025:
19023:
19020:
19018:
19015:
19013:
19010:
19008:
19005:
19003:
19000:
18998:
18995:
18994:
18992:
18990:
18986:
18982:
18977:
18972:
18966:
18963:
18961:
18958:
18956:
18953:
18951:
18948:
18946:
18943:
18941:
18938:
18936:
18933:
18931:
18928:
18926:
18923:
18921:
18918:
18916:
18913:
18911:
18908:
18906:
18903:
18901:
18898:
18896:
18893:
18891:
18888:
18886:
18883:
18881:
18878:
18876:
18873:
18871:
18868:
18867:
18865:
18863:
18859:
18855:
18850:
18845:
18839:
18836:
18832:
18829:
18827:
18824:
18822:
18819:
18817:
18814:
18813:
18812:
18809:
18807:
18804:
18802:
18799:
18797:
18794:
18792:
18789:
18787:
18784:
18782:
18779:
18777:
18774:
18772:
18769:
18767:
18764:
18762:
18759:
18757:
18754:
18752:
18749:
18747:
18744:
18742:
18739:
18737:
18734:
18732:
18729:
18727:
18724:
18722:
18719:
18717:
18714:
18712:
18709:
18707:
18704:
18702:
18699:
18697:
18694:
18692:
18689:
18687:
18684:
18682:
18679:
18677:
18674:
18672:
18669:
18667:
18664:
18662:
18659:
18657:
18654:
18652:
18649:
18647:
18644:
18642:
18639:
18637:
18634:
18633:
18631:
18629:
18625:
18621:
18616:
18611:
18605:
18602:
18600:
18597:
18595:
18592:
18590:
18587:
18585:
18582:
18580:
18577:
18575:
18572:
18570:
18567:
18565:
18562:
18560:
18557:
18555:
18552:
18550:
18547:
18545:
18542:
18540:
18537:
18535:
18532:
18530:
18527:
18523:
18520:
18519:
18518:
18515:
18513:
18510:
18508:
18505:
18503:
18500:
18498:
18495:
18493:
18490:
18488:
18485:
18483:
18480:
18478:
18475:
18473:
18470:
18468:
18465:
18463:
18460:
18458:
18455:
18453:
18450:
18448:
18445:
18443:
18440:
18438:
18435:
18433:
18430:
18428:
18425:
18423:
18420:
18418:
18415:
18414:
18412:
18410:
18406:
18402:
18397:
18392:
18386:
18383:
18381:
18378:
18376:
18373:
18371:
18368:
18366:
18363:
18361:
18358:
18356:
18353:
18351:
18348:
18346:
18343:
18341:
18338:
18336:
18333:
18331:
18328:
18326:
18323:
18321:
18318:
18316:
18313:
18311:
18308:
18306:
18303:
18301:
18298:
18296:
18293:
18291:
18288:
18286:
18283:
18281:
18278:
18276:
18273:
18271:
18268:
18266:
18263:
18261:
18258:
18256:
18253:
18252:
18250:
18248:
18244:
18239:
18234:
18228:
18225:
18223:
18220:
18218:
18215:
18213:
18210:
18208:
18205:
18203:
18200:
18198:
18195:
18193:
18190:
18188:
18185:
18183:
18180:
18178:
18175:
18173:
18170:
18168:
18165:
18161:
18158:
18157:
18156:
18153:
18151:
18148:
18144:
18141:
18140:
18139:
18136:
18134:
18131:
18129:
18126:
18124:
18121:
18119:
18116:
18114:
18111:
18109:
18106:
18104:
18101:
18099:
18098:Maan massacre
18096:
18094:
18091:
18089:
18086:
18082:
18079:
18077:
18074:
18073:
18072:
18069:
18068:
18066:
18064:
18060:
18055:
18050:
18044:
18041:
18039:
18036:
18034:
18031:
18029:
18026:
18024:
18021:
18019:
18016:
18014:
18013:Adra massacre
18011:
18009:
18006:
18004:
18001:
17999:
17996:
17994:
17991:
17989:
17986:
17982:
17979:
17978:
17977:
17974:
17972:
17969:
17965:
17962:
17961:
17960:
17957:
17955:
17952:
17948:
17945:
17944:
17943:
17940:
17938:
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17895:
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17870:
17866:
17863:
17862:
17861:
17858:
17856:
17853:
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17838:
17834:
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17812:
17809:
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17777:
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17674:
17671:
17670:
17669:
17666:
17664:
17661:
17659:
17656:
17654:
17651:
17649:
17648:Siege of Homs
17646:
17644:
17643:Siege of Hama
17641:
17639:
17636:
17634:
17631:
17629:
17626:
17624:
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17308:
17302:
17299:
17297:
17294:
17292:
17289:
17287:
17284:
17282:
17279:
17277:
17276:Belligerents
17274:
17272:
17269:
17267:
17264:
17262:
17259:
17257:
17254:
17252:
17249:
17247:
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17183:
17176:
17172:
17169:
17166:
17162:
17159:
17156:
17153:
17151:
17148:
17146:
17145:, 24 May 2017
17144:
17139:
17138:
17128:
17126:9780190613181
17122:
17118:
17114:
17113:
17107:
17103:
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16689:
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16597:
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16317:
16311:
16295:
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16270:
16266:
16259:
16243:
16239:
16233:
16217:
16213:
16207:
16191:
16187:
16183:
16177:
16169:
16163:
16148:
16144:
16140:
16139:Julian Borger
16134:
16118:
16114:
16108:
16100:
16099:
16094:
16088:
16080:
16076:
16070:
16062:
16058:
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15867:
15863:
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15794:
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15707:
15705:
15689:
15685:
15679:
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15654:
15646:
15640:
15632:
15626:
15610:
15604:
15597:
15591:
15583:
15579:
15575:
15569:
15554:on 7 May 2017
15553:
15549:
15543:
15535:
15531:
15525:
15517:
15513:
15507:
15499:
15495:
15489:
15473:
15467:
15452:
15448:
15441:
15439:
15431:
15430:Lister (2015)
15426:
15419:
15413:
15405:
15401:
15395:
15379:
15373:
15371:
15354:
15350:
15344:
15337:
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15316:
15311:
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15019:
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14955:
14949:
14934:
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14924:
14908:
14902:
14894:
14890:
14886:
14880:
14861:
14854:
14848:
14846:
14844:
14842:
14825:
14819:
14804:. 30 May 2015
14803:
14799:
14793:
14777:
14770:
14754:
14750:
14744:
14728:
14722:
14706:
14700:
14698:
14681:
14675:
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14655:
14648:
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14581:
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14432:
14416:
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14370:
14366:
14359:
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14317:
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14307:
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14281:
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14256:
14240:
14239:
14234:
14228:
14220:
14219:
14214:
14207:
14192:
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14181:
14173:
14169:
14162:
14160:
14158:
14142:
14138:
14131:
14124:
14111:
14107:
14100:
14084:
14080:
14073:
14058:
14054:
14047:
14031:
14025:
14010:
14006:
13999:
13983:
13979:
13973:
13957:
13951:
13935:
13931:
13924:
13909:
13905:
13898:
13882:
13878:
13874:
13867:
13851:
13847:
13841:
13826:
13822:
13815:
13799:
13793:
13778:
13774:
13767:
13751:
13747:
13741:
13725:
13721:
13714:
13698:
13694:
13690:
13683:
13668:
13664:
13648:
13642:
13627:
13623:
13608:
13594:
13590:
13583:
13567:
13563:
13557:
13541:
13535:
13519:
13513:
13497:
13491:
13475:
13471:
13467:
13461:
13445:
13441:
13435:
13427:
13423:
13417:
13401:
13395:
13379:
13375:
13369:
13353:
13349:
13343:
13335:
13331:
13325:
13317:
13313:
13307:
13299:
13295:
13289:
13281:
13277:
13271:
13263:
13262:Times of Oman
13259:
13253:
13245:
13241:
13235:
13219:
13213:
13197:
13191:
13176:on 2 May 2019
13175:
13171:
13164:
13148:
13144:
13138:
13130:
13126:
13120:
13104:
13100:
13094:
13086:
13082:
13075:
13067:
13063:
13057:
13041:
13037:
13031:
13029:
13013:
13006:
12991:
12987:
12980:
12972:
12968:
12962:
12954:
12950:
12943:
12927:
12923:
12917:
12901:
12897:
12893:
12887:
12871:
12867:
12863:
12857:
12841:
12837:
12833:
12826:
12810:
12806:
12802:
12795:
12787:
12783:
12776:
12768:
12764:
12757:
12741:
12737:
12730:
12728:
12711:
12707:
12703:
12696:
12680:
12676:
12672:
12665:
12649:
12645:
12641:
12635:
12619:
12615:
12611:
12604:
12589:. 4 July 2015
12588:
12584:
12578:
12570:
12566:
12560:
12552:
12548:
12544:
12537:
12529:
12525:
12521:
12514:
12506:
12500:
12492:
12488:
12482:
12467:
12463:
12456:
12441:
12437:
12430:
12415:
12411:
12404:
12388:
12384:
12382:
12374:
12355:
12348:
12332:
12328:
12321:
12305:
12301:
12297:
12290:
12274:
12270:
12266:
12260:
12244:
12240:
12236:
12230:
12214:
12210:
12206:
12200:
12184:
12180:
12173:
12157:
12153:
12147:
12131:
12127:
12120:
12118:
12101:
12097:
12091:
12075:
12071:
12065:
12049:
12043:
12027:
12023:
12017:
12001:
11997:
11993:
11986:
11970:
11966:
11962:
11955:
11939:
11935:
11931:
11924:
11908:
11904:
11900:
11893:
11877:
11871:
11863:
11859:
11853:
11845:
11841:
11835:
11820:. 22 May 2014
11819:
11813:
11797:
11793:
11787:
11771:
11767:
11761:
11745:
11741:
11735:
11719:
11715:
11711:
11705:
11689:
11683:
11667:
11661:
11645:
11641:
11637:
11631:
11615:
11611:
11606:
11598:
11582:
11578:
11572:
11557:
11553:
11547:
11531:
11525:
11509:
11505:
11499:
11483:
11479:
11472:
11470:
11453:
11449:
11443:
11427:
11423:
11417:
11401:
11397:
11391:
11375:
11371:
11367:
11360:
11344:
11340:
11336:
11330:
11314:
11310:
11303:
11287:
11283:
11277:
11269:
11265:
11264:The Telegraph
11260:
11253:
11237:
11233:
11227:
11219:
11215:
11211:
11204:
11196:
11190:
11174:
11170:
11164:
11156:
11150:
11142:
11136:
11120:
11113:
11097:
11093:
11086:
11071:
11064:
11048:
11044:
11038:
11022:
11018:
11012:
10997:
10993:
10986:
10978:
10974:
10967:
10951:
10947:
10941:
10925:
10921:
10917:
10911:
10896:
10892:
10885:
10870:
10866:
10859:
10844:
10843:
10838:
10831:
10815:
10811:
10807:
10801:
10785:
10781:
10774:
10758:
10751:
10735:
10731:
10724:
10708:
10704:
10697:
10681:
10675:
10660:
10656:
10649:
10633:
10629:
10623:
10607:
10600:
10598:
10581:
10577:
10571:
10564:
10560:
10554:
10538:
10534:
10530:
10523:
10516:
10513:Diana Darke "
10510:
10508:
10506:
10490:
10486:
10479:
10463:
10459:
10453:
10437:
10433:
10427:
10411:
10407:
10403:
10396:
10394:
10377:
10376:
10371:
10365:
10350:
10346:
10340:
10325:
10321:
10314:
10312:
10310:
10293:
10287:
10272:
10268:
10261:
10245:
10241:
10235:
10227:
10223:
10217:
10201:
10195:
10193:
10191:
10182:
10178:
10177:The Telegraph
10173:
10165:
10149:
10143:
10141:
10124:
10118:
10116:
10107:
10103:
10096:
10077:
10073:
10067:
10060:
10059:
10051:
10049:
10040:
10036:
10029:
10021:
10017:
10016:"Middle East"
10010:
10002:
9996:
9988:
9984:
9978:
9963:
9959:
9952:
9944:
9943:
9938:
9932:
9916:
9912:
9906:
9890:
9886:
9882:
9876:
9861:
9857:
9850:
9834:
9830:
9823:
9815:
9811:
9805:
9797:
9793:
9787:
9779:
9775:
9769:
9761:
9754:
9746:
9742:
9735:
9729:
9723:
9708:
9704:
9700:
9696:
9689:
9681:
9677:
9676:The Telegraph
9672:
9664:
9656:
9652:
9644:
9640:
9639:The Telegraph
9635:
9627:
9619:
9615:
9609:
9594:
9590:
9583:
9575:
9571:
9564:
9548:
9544:
9537:
9529:
9525:
9518:
9516:
9508:
9502:
9486:
9482:
9476:
9474:
9457:
9453:
9447:
9445:
9428:
9424:
9418:
9416:
9414:
9412:
9395:
9389:
9387:
9371:
9367:
9360:
9345:
9341:
9334:
9332:
9315:
9311:
9307:
9292:
9288:
9272:
9268:
9264:
9257:
9241:
9237:
9230:
9214:
9207:
9199:
9193:
9178:
9174:
9168:
9160:
9159:
9152:
9136:
9132:
9126:
9110:
9104:
9096:
9095:
9090:
9084:
9076:
9072:
9065:
9063:
9046:
9042:
9036:
9020:
9013:
9007:
9005:
8988:
8982:
8966:
8959:
8943:
8939:
8933:
8917:
8913:
8909:
8903:
8901:
8899:
8883:
8879:
8872:
8864:
8860:
8854:
8835:
8828:
8821:
8819:
8802:
8795:
8787:
8783:
8776:
8761:
8755:
8740:
8736:
8729:
8713:
8709:
8703:
8696:
8684:
8677:
8669:
8668:Syria Comment
8665:
8658:
8656:
8640:
8639:
8634:
8627:
8625:
8623:
8621:
8604:
8603:
8598:
8592:
8590:
8573:
8567:
8565:
8556:
8549:
8533:
8527:
8511:
8507:
8501:
8485:
8481:
8474:
8458:
8454:
8447:
8431:
8427:
8420:
8418:
8409:
8405:
8399:
8392:
8389:
8384:
8368:
8364:
8358:
8342:
8338:
8334:
8328:
8326:
8309:
8305:
8301:
8295:
8279:
8275:
8270:
8262:
8254:
8250:
8244:
8228:
8222:
8215:
8212:
8207:
8191:
8187:
8183:
8176:
8160:
8156:
8152:
8145:
8129:
8125:
8121:
8115:
8099:
8095:
8088:
8072:
8068:
8062:
8055:
8052:
8048:
8045:
8040:
8025:on 2 May 2019
8024:
8020:
8016:
8009:
7993:
7986:
7971:
7965:
7950:
7946:
7940:
7924:
7918:
7912:, p. 18.
7911:
7906:
7890:
7886:
7882:
7875:
7873:
7871:
7854:
7850:
7846:
7839:
7823:
7819:
7813:
7805:
7801:
7795:
7780:
7776:
7769:
7754:. 4 July 2015
7753:
7749:
7743:
7741:
7732:
7728:
7722:
7706:
7702:
7696:
7694:
7692:
7690:
7681:
7677:
7671:
7664:
7659:
7643:
7639:
7633:
7617:
7610:
7594:
7587:
7572:
7568:
7561:
7559:
7557:
7555:
7553:
7551:
7549:
7547:
7545:
7543:
7541:
7539:
7523:
7519:
7512:
7497:
7493:
7486:
7484:
7482:
7480:
7478:
7476:
7474:
7469:
7454:
7450:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7382:
7379:
7376:
7375:Siege of Homs
7373:
7372:
7367:
7361:
7356:
7346:
7342:
7339:
7335:
7332:
7329:
7326:
7323:
7320:
7317:
7316:
7310:
7308:
7303:
7300:spokesperson
7299:
7295:
7291:
7273:
7268:
7261:
7256:
7255:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7245:
7244:
7238:
7234:
7230:
7224:
7221:
7215:
7213:
7209:
7205:
7197:
7194:
7190:
7189:William Hague
7187:
7184:
7179:
7175:
7171:
7168:
7164:
7160:
7156:
7152:
7148:
7144:
7140:
7136:
7132:
7131:Angela Merkel
7128:
7125:
7120:
7116:
7112:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7097:
7091:
7088:
7087:
7081:
7078:
7074:
7070:
7066:
7061:
7051:
7042:
7040:
7030:
7028:
7024:
7001:
6996:
6989:
6984:
6983:
6979:
6975:
6970:
6966:
6964:
6960:
6956:
6952:
6948:
6947:
6942:
6940:
6936:
6932:
6928:
6927:al-Sharafiyya
6924:
6920:
6916:
6911:
6907:
6903:
6899:
6894:
6892:
6888:
6884:
6880:
6876:
6872:
6871:
6866:
6860:
6856:
6854:
6853:
6843:
6841:
6831:
6823:
6819:
6816:
6811:
6808:
6803:
6799:
6794:
6792:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6776:
6772:
6768:
6764:
6759:
6756:
6752:
6749:", makeshift
6748:
6745:, including "
6744:
6726:
6721:
6714:
6709:
6708:
6707:
6705:
6701:
6697:
6693:
6688:
6684:
6682:
6678:
6673:
6671:
6667:
6663:
6658:
6656:
6655:bunker buster
6652:
6648:
6647:Cluster bombs
6644:
6640:
6635:
6631:
6629:
6625:
6621:
6615:
6612:
6606:
6603:
6599:
6598:Tirana Hassan
6592:
6590:
6579:
6575:
6572:
6568:
6565:
6562:
6559:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6548:
6547:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6540:
6535:
6531:
6527:
6524:In 2014, the
6522:
6520:
6516:
6511:
6508:
6504:
6500:
6494:
6489:
6486:
6482:
6478:
6474:
6470:
6466:
6462:
6458:
6454:
6450:
6446:
6440:
6438:
6434:
6428:
6422:
6407:
6405:
6401:
6397:
6393:
6392:poliomyelitis
6387:
6385:
6381:
6379:
6374:
6372:
6367:
6365:
6360:
6358:
6354:
6349:
6345:
6336:
6327:
6325:
6324:
6318:
6307:
6304:
6303:Faisal Mekdad
6300:
6296:
6293:According to
6291:
6289:
6285:
6281:
6276:
6274:
6270:
6266:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6239:
6235:
6231:
6227:
6222:
6220:
6216:
6212:
6202:
6200:
6195:
6193:
6189:
6185:
6180:
6178:
6174:
6170:
6160:
6156:
6149:
6145:
6141:
6139:
6135:
6130:
6128:
6122:
6118:
6114:
6112:
6108:
6104:
6100:
6096:
6091:
6078:
6074:
6064:
6054:
6044:
6034:
6024:
6016:
6011:
6007:
6003:
5999:
5995:
5991:
5981:
5978:
5974:
5971:
5966:
5959:
5955:
5952:mounted on a
5951:
5948:
5944:
5940:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5926:
5921:
5913:
5898:
5894:
5890:
5882:
5877:
5873:
5867:
5857:
5854:
5850:
5843:
5833:
5831:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5805:
5801:
5796:
5794:
5789:
5785:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5742:
5738:
5721:
5714:
5709:
5705:
5699:
5694:
5693:
5692:
5690:
5686:
5682:
5676:
5674:
5668:
5653:
5651:
5646:
5644:
5640:
5635:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5622:Kurdish Front
5619:
5614:
5612:
5608:
5607:urban warfare
5604:
5600:
5596:
5588:
5584:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5568:
5564:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5550:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5526:
5522:
5518:
5514:
5510:
5501:
5499:
5495:
5491:
5486:
5483:
5479:
5478:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5459:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5428:
5424:
5420:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5395:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5376:
5374:
5370:
5366:
5363:militias and
5362:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5321:
5315:
5306:
5302:
5287:
5286:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5274:SAA offensive
5272:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5253:
5252:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5224:
5223:SAA offensive
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5209:
5208:
5202:
5201:
5197:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5188:
5187:
5183:
5181:
5180:SAA offensive
5178:
5176:
5175:Khan al-Assal
5173:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5166:
5165:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5093:
5088:
5086:
5081:
5079:
5074:
5073:
5070:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4987:May 2015 raid
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4963:
4962:
4956:
4955:Israel's role
4953:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4897:
4894:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4850:
4845:
4843:
4838:
4836:
4831:
4830:
4827:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4787:Andrei Karlov
4785:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4689:
4688:Kurdish riots
4686:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4630:
4625:
4615:
4610:
4608:
4603:
4601:
4596:
4595:
4592:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4571:
4567:
4566:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4466:
4455:
4450:
4448:
4443:
4441:
4436:
4435:
4432:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4410:
4409:
4408:Spring Shield
4405:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4375:Kayla Mueller
4373:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4334:
4333:
4330:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4310:
4300:
4295:
4293:
4288:
4286:
4281:
4280:
4277:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4212:
4205:
4195:
4190:
4188:
4183:
4181:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4109:Northern Homs
4106:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3997:
3994:
3987:
3986:
3974:
3969:
3967:
3962:
3960:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3941:
3938:
3934:
3933:2nd Abu Kamal
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3886:Central Syria
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3807:
3806:Khan Shaykhun
3804:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3776:
3770:
3769:Islamic State
3761:
3756:
3754:
3749:
3747:
3742:
3741:
3738:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3692:Azaz bombings
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3552:1st Abu Kamal
3550:
3548:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3432:
3430:
3424:
3414:
3409:
3407:
3402:
3400:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3360:2nd Tel Abyad
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3345:Homs bombings
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3313:Orontes River
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3219:
3209:
3204:
3202:
3197:
3195:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3044:5th Idlib Gov
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2944:
2943:ISIL advances
2940:
2936:
2926:
2921:
2919:
2914:
2912:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2869:
2868:Tabqa Airbase
2866:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2832:2nd Wadi Deif
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2754:
2744:
2739:
2737:
2732:
2730:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2659:2nd al-Qusayr
2657:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2546:Quneitra Gov.
2544:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2507:al-Yaarubiyah
2505:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2466:
2465:Khan al-Assal
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2401:Northern Homs
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2378:
2374:
2366:
2361:
2359:
2354:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2320:1st al-Qusayr
2318:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
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7857:. Retrieved
7853:the original
7848:
7838:
7828:30 September
7826:. Retrieved
7822:the original
7812:
7803:
7794:
7782:. Retrieved
7778:
7768:
7756:. Retrieved
7752:The Guardian
7751:
7730:
7721:
7709:. Retrieved
7679:
7670:
7665:, p. 3.
7658:
7646:. Retrieved
7642:the original
7632:
7620:. Retrieved
7609:
7597:. Retrieved
7595:. Al-Monitor
7586:
7574:. Retrieved
7570:
7525:. Retrieved
7521:
7511:
7499:. Retrieved
7495:
7453:
7286:
7252:
7241:
7226:
7217:
7202:
7155:Saeed Jalili
7084:
7082:
7056:
7036:
7019:
6944:
6943:
6898:Irena Bokova
6895:
6887:machine guns
6868:
6862:
6858:
6850:
6849:
6837:
6828:
6812:
6798:Levant Front
6795:
6779:
6747:hell cannons
6739:
6691:
6689:
6685:
6674:
6659:
6632:
6616:
6608:
6594:
6585:
6577:
6549:
6544:
6537:
6530:barrel bombs
6523:
6512:
6496:
6461:marketplaces
6442:
6430:
6426:
6388:
6382:
6375:
6368:
6361:
6341:
6320:
6313:
6292:
6277:
6267:
6255:
6243:
6223:
6208:
6196:
6181:
6166:
6157:
6153:
6131:
6123:
6119:
6115:
6092:
6089:
6071: Joint
5979:
5975:
5967:
5963:
5917:
5895:
5891:
5887:
5845:
5830:barrel bombs
5815:
5809:
5797:
5781:
5770:detonates a
5677:
5670:
5647:
5637:Kurdish-led
5615:
5593:
5569:
5565:
5530:
5487:
5475:
5461:
5431:
5403:barrel bombs
5396:
5377:
5351:-affiliated
5345:Levant Front
5300:
5298:
5284:
5250:
5228:
5227:
5206:
5205:
5199:
5192:
5191:
5186:Canopus Star
5185:
5163:
5162:
5141:
5140:
5111:
5099:
4960:
4959:
4901:
4900:
4868:
4744:Western Iraq
4563:
4531:
4492:3rd Qamishli
4406:
4394:
4364:Peace Spring
4362:
4335:
4312:
4256:
4244:
4161:2nd Qamishli
4143:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4078:
4059:
4049:Olive Branch
4047:
4028:
4006:
3999:
3981:
3910:
3903:
3898:4th Qalamoun
3896:
3884:
3880:5th Quneitra
3847:
3810:
3798:
3791:
3669:
3662:
3643:Khan al-Shih
3623:4th Quneitra
3600:
3576:
3557:3rd Qamishli
3522:
3498:
3469:1st Qamishli
3428:
3420:
3327:
3280:
3263:
3254:
3247:
3238:3rd Quneitra
3230:
3165:Douma market
3152:
3143:2nd Zabadani
3113:2nd Quneitra
3100:
3083:
3079:3rd Qalamoun
3071:
3042:
2955:
2889:
2885:1st Quneitra
2860:
2848:
2837:2nd Qalamoun
2782:
2765:
2704:1st Qalamoun
2702:
2665:
2651:
2642:
2625:
2608:
2603:2nd Damascus
2601:
2567:
2489:
2483:
2469:
2443:
2442:
2433:
2429:1st Damascus
2421:
2399:
2373:UN ceasefire
2300:
2286:
2275:1st Zabadani
2262:
2218:
2204:
2052:
2045:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
1736:
1728:
1679:
1629:
1603:
1599:Liwa al-Haqq
1565:Levant Front
1519:Sham Falcons
1324:Russian Navy
1280:Iranian Army
1140:Tiger Forces
1115:
1005:
935:Zoran Birhat
914:
901:
880:
859:
838:
824:
807:
754:Liwa al-Quds
746:
726:
690:
669:
499:
450:
434:
336:Liwa al-Quds
326:
318:
301:
281:
276:Belligerents
238:
151: Joint
100:
92:
75:
55:Part of the
36:
20635:Syria Files
20317:Rami Jarrah
20247:Michel Kilo
20232:Salim Idris
20207:Aref Dalila
19980:Dokumacılar
19769:Grey Wolves
19268:Hama attack
16982:Independent
16741:16 February
16716:31 December
16660:16 December
16623:20 December
16601:15 December
16573:18 December
16545:17 December
16523:16 December
16322:18 December
16300:18 December
16222:13 November
16196:13 November
16123:26 December
16022:26 December
15927:27 December
15898:15 December
15688:Irish Times
15615:20 December
15416:Sam Heller
15384:24 December
15271:14 December
15243:27 November
15199:14 December
15117:12 December
15076:20 December
15054:14 December
15007:14 December
14985:14 December
14869:20 December
14778:. IBN Times
14686:14 December
14586:14 December
14564:14 December
14538:14 December
14516:14 December
14491:14 December
14469:14 December
14447:14 December
14421:20 December
14348:15 December
14322:15 December
14245:11 December
14014:22 December
13988:22 December
13962:22 December
13940:21 December
13913:22 December
13450:19 February
13406:23 February
13384:22 February
13358:22 February
13224:15 December
13202:15 December
12746:29 December
12716:23 December
12685:17 November
12106:19 February
12080:19 February
12054:18 February
12006:16 February
11975:16 February
11944:16 February
11913:16 February
11102:9 September
11075:9 September
10956:25 December
10930:9 September
10874:20 November
10848:19 November
10790:9 September
10686:17 December
10612:17 November
10586:22 February
10580:Global Post
10565:17 May 2012
10416:29 December
10354:17 December
10298:23 December
10276:24 December
10206:24 December
10154:14 December
10129:20 December
9967:24 December
9921:29 December
9885:Yahoo! News
9598:16 December
9462:14 December
9400:15 December
8922:9 September
8609:9 September
8578:9 September
8229:. Zamanwasl
8196:16 December
8098:Independent
7711:22 December
7366:Asia portal
7233:Ban Ki-moon
7204:Jan Egeland
7083:A May 2017
6931:Khusruwiyah
6870:Irish Times
6700:open source
6499:Queiq River
6230:Qadri Jamil
6226:Tishrin Dam
6215:M5 highways
5947:Sham Legion
5812:Syrian Army
5788:no-fly zone
5774:during the
5673:Salaheddine
5605:engaged in
5521:Sham Legion
5517:Fatah Halab
5494:Arab Spring
5482:Diana Darke
4343:Tell Rifaat
3697:5th Palmyra
3682:Wadi Barada
3677:4th Palmyra
3375:3rd Palmyra
3340:Al-Shaddadi
3298:Tishrin Dam
3148:2nd Palmyra
3085:1st Palmyra
3008:An-26 crash
2561:2nd Darayya
2535:1st Darayya
2302:Aleppo Gov.
1175:(2011–2012)
1055:Syrian Army
962:Nujin Derik
484:(2015–2016)
452:Jaysh Halab
440:(2015–2016)
436:Fatah Halab
414:(from 2013)
367:(from 2013)
353:(from 2013)
339:(from 2013)
307:(from 2013)
222: /
20696:Categories
20423:Casualties
20012:and allies
20000:Liwa Dawud
19654:Opposition
19467:Elsewhere:
18207:Idlib Raid
17517:Background
17363:Ceasefires
17115:. Oxford:
17041:28 January
17010:28 January
16988:28 January
16940:28 January
16899:28 January
16854:25 October
16694:13 October
16278:2 November
16216:Armenpress
15741:Daily Star
15716:Daily Star
15478:26 January
15456:7 February
14611:27 October
14558:Al Jazeera
14196:26 January
14062:26 January
13887:26 January
13830:26 January
13730:24 October
13703:2 November
13572:29 January
13520:. Stratfor
13180:8 December
12846:5 February
12815:4 February
12654:13 October
12471:9 December
12466:Al-Monitor
12414:Al-Monitor
12363:26 January
12310:27 January
12300:Yahoo News
12239:GlobalPost
12189:26 January
12162:26 January
11959:sohranas.
11928:sohranas.
11458:2 November
11426:Al Jazeera
11380:2 November
11125:26 January
10869:Al Jazeera
10820:2 November
10810:Daily Star
10763:2 November
10740:2 November
10713:2 November
10638:8 December
10535:. London.
9895:30 October
9865:30 October
9839:30 October
9678:. Aleppo.
9641:. London.
9433:11 January
9349:1 December
9219:2 November
8993:2 November
8971:26 January
8948:2 December
8807:4 November
8765:7 December
8602:GlobalPost
8516:2 November
8463:2 November
8436:8 February
8314:20 October
8276:. London.
8134:24 October
8104:2 November
8054:Daily Star
7975:24 October
7954:24 October
7895:20 October
7859:24 October
7849:Al-Monitor
7784:2 November
7758:26 January
7622:28 January
7599:8 February
7576:9 December
7501:26 January
7465:References
7150:civilians.
7135:John Kerry
7115:Srebrenica
6802:Sharia law
6589:opposition
6469:war crimes
6330:Casualties
5870:See also:
5817:Al Jazeera
5553:Tel Rifaat
5504:Combatants
5452:Background
5399:war crimes
5380:Stalingrad
4527:Claw-Sword
4497:11th Daraa
4421:10th Daraa
3293:Tell Tamer
3133:2nd Kobanî
3118:2nd Sarrin
3102:Tell Abyad
3028:1st Sarrin
2973:2nd Safira
2827:Al-Malihah
2592:1st Safira
2519:Tell Abyad
2502:Ras al-Ayn
2417:Al-Tremseh
2390:3rd Rastan
2315:2nd Rastan
2264:Daraa Gov.
2248:1st Rastan
2024:Casualties
1268:Quds Force
210:37°10′00″E
207:36°13′00″N
101:Map Legend
20468:Massacres
20355:Elections
20292:Riad Seif
19958:Islamists
19284:Spillover
17531:1966 coup
17526:1963 coup
17286:Spillover
17256:Timeline
17224:Overviews
17061:U.S. News
16501:29 August
16370:29 August
16152:9 January
14664:24 August
14637:24 August
14296:1 January
14270:1 January
14238:ReliefWeb
13546:29 August
13085:USA TODAY
11610:Telegraph
11536:29 August
11027:8 October
11001:8 October
10271:Vice News
9712:10 August
9707:0028-792X
9375:23 August
9182:12 August
8863:USA Today
8538:29 August
8490:29 August
8029:6 January
7929:29 August
7060:Christmas
7027:Coalition
7011:Reactions
6453:hospitals
6163:Aftermath
6107:Kafr Naya
5970:offensive
5954:technical
5933:Al-Jdayde
5849:ceasefire
5804:Hezbollah
5595:Hezbollah
5462:In 2011,
5357:Hezbollah
5314:romanized
4734:al-Shabah
4024:Beit Jinn
3855:9th Daraa
3849:2nd Raqqa
3843:East Hama
3727:8th Daraa
3717:7th Daraa
3459:Al-Dumayr
3449:6th Daraa
3123:5th Daraa
2614:1st Raqqa
2412:Al-Qubeir
2407:Al-Haffah
2253:Hama Gov.
2124:Talkalakh
2054:Massacres
2047:Terrorism
1514:(2012–14)
1467:Hezbollah
1350:advisors
1116:(Reserve)
350:Hezbollah
20681:Category
20473:Refugees
20010:al-Qaeda
17504:Timeline
16984:. Beirut
16791:BBC News
16421:Archived
15866:Archived
15820:. UNITAR
15815:"Aleppo"
15769:. UNESCO
14933:BBC News
14802:BBC News
14660:. London
14401:25393545
14191:BBC News
14116:29 April
14089:15 April
14009:BBC News
13982:BBC News
13856:28 April
13804:17 April
13756:25 April
13750:Stratfor
13697:Archived
13474:Archived
13378:BBC News
13153:6 August
13109:7 August
13103:BBC News
13046:6 August
13017:6 August
12995:6 August
12932:2 August
12767:Guardian
12624:5 August
12569:BBC News
12541:Master.
12518:Master.
12419:12 April
12337:14 April
12249:18 March
12219:18 March
12136:14 March
12032:18 March
11990:Master.
11897:Master.
11718:Archived
11644:Archived
11614:Archived
11484:. London
11292:12 April
11286:BBC News
11268:Archived
11242:25 April
11179:25 April
11021:CBS News
10950:BBC News
10924:Archived
10842:ABC News
10786:. London
10736:. London
10734:Guardian
10709:. London
10707:Guardian
10543:11 March
10537:Archived
10468:8 August
10442:8 August
10329:8 August
10181:Archived
9833:CTV News
9796:ABC News
9680:Archived
9643:Archived
9618:CBS News
9574:IB Times
9549:. London
9491:8 August
9293:. London
9291:Guardian
9242:. London
9115:29 April
9045:BBC News
8882:CBS News
8843:13 March
8718:3 August
8484:Archived
8459:. London
8457:Guardian
8347:1 August
8337:ARA News
8278:Archived
8214:Al Ahram
8159:Archived
8128:Archived
8100:. London
8047:Archived
7998:2 August
7804:CBS News
7352:See also
7313:Timeline
6963:urbicide
6937:, whose
6923:madrasas
6622:", used
6564:BBC News
6539:Channel4
6465:bakeries
6357:shooting
6199:advances
5772:car bomb
5741:al-Midan
5599:CBS News
5392:autonomy
5349:al-Qaeda
5347:and the
4972:Timeline
4477:Ayn Issa
4319:, &
3838:Maskanah
3355:Khanasir
2688:Ma'loula
2597:Shadadeh
2330:Taftanaz
1856:Timeline
1714:Strength
1299:Support:
756:Colonel)
188:Location
20345:Related
19917:Support
19568:PFLP-GC
19370:Lebanon
19250:Jan-Dec
19196:Jan–Dec
19142:Jan–Dec
19093:Jan–Dec
18989:Sep–Dec
18985:May–Aug
18981:Jan–Apr
18862:Sep–Dec
18858:May–Aug
18854:Jan–Apr
18628:Sep–Dec
18624:May–Aug
18620:Jan–Apr
18409:Sep–Dec
18405:May–Aug
18401:Jan–Apr
18247:Aug–Dec
18243:Jan–Jul
18063:Aug–Dec
18059:Jan–Jul
17919:May–Dec
17915:Jan–Apr
17729:Sep–Dec
17725:May–Aug
17721:Jan–Apr
17600:Sep–Dec
17596:May–Aug
17592:Jan–Apr
17031:Reuters
16874:Reuters
16475:29 July
16453:29 July
16427:29 July
16417:Reuters
16396:29 July
16265:Liz Sly
16248:29 July
15984:Reuters
15359:14 June
15303:Reuters
15219:Reuters
15032:2 March
14392:4231133
14146:13 June
14036:2 April
13693:Reuters
13667:Reuters
13498:. Yahoo
13470:Reuters
13426:Reuters
13334:Reuters
13316:Reuters
13298:Reuters
13244:Reuters
12906:27 July
12896:Reuters
12876:27 June
12786:Reuters
12445:12 July
12269:Reuters
11882:30 July
11802:26 July
11776:26 July
11750:26 July
11724:26 July
11714:Reuters
11694:26 July
11650:25 July
11640:Reuters
11620:25 July
11587:25 July
11561:25 July
11514:29 July
11488:31 July
11432:31 July
11406:29 July
11370:Reuters
11349:29 July
11218:Twitter
10920:Reuters
10250:11 June
10085:3 March
9987:Reuters
9814:Reuters
9778:Reuters
9553:29 July
9246:29 July
8912:Reuters
8887:29 July
8744:5 March
8739:Reuters
8510:Reuters
8373:30 July
8155:Reuters
8124:Reuters
7138:years."
7107:Halabja
6955:Dresden
6939:minaret
6883:mortars
6785:Islam (
6664:(SARC)
6624:torture
6558:CNN-IBN
6457:schools
6396:measles
6079:control
6065:control
6055:control
6035:control
5931:in the
5822:Reuters
5405:by the
5316::
5267:2nd SAA
5257:1st SAA
5200:Rainbow
5158:Base 46
4729:Akashat
4069:Khasham
4019:Harasta
3928:Mayadin
3365:Al-Tanf
3271:al-Hawl
3154:Al-Ghab
2778:Markada
2638:Tadamon
2585:Halfaya
2460:Base 46
2435:Bombing
2241:Saraqeb
2149:Latakia
2114:Baniyas
1749:Unknown
1172:Shabiha
1006:†
915:†
902:†
881:†
860:†
839:†
825:†
808:†
747:†
727:†
691:†
670:†
199:, Syria
159:control
145:control
135:control
115:control
93:Bottom:
20416:Issues
20115:Rifaat
20105:Bashar
20075:People
19807:Turkey
19476:(Iran)
19409:Turkey
17246:Rojava
17123:
16824:7 July
16771:20 May
15824:8 July
15793:UNESCO
15594:OHCHR
15558:11 May
15498:News24
15320:Jurist
14606:News24
14399:
14389:
13782:10 May
13672:6 July
13653:6 July
13631:6 July
13613:6 July
13598:6 July
12593:5 July
11319:12 May
10382:12 May
10068:
9762:. CNN.
9705:
9320:6 July
9297:6 July
9277:6 July
9141:29 May
8689:31 May
8408:Vedeng
7648:2 July
7527:6 July
7191:, the
7111:Rwanda
6951:Grozny
6921:, the
6910:UNITAR
6902:UNESCO
6751:mortar
6736:Rebels
6670:UNOSAT
6473:UNICEF
6111:Ratyan
6099:Zahraa
6083:
6069:
6061:
6059:
6051:
6049:
6039:
6031:
6029:
6008:, and
5689:Zahraa
5685:Al-Bab
5557:Manbij
5541:Al-Bab
5464:Aleppo
5443:UNESCO
5425:, the
5365:Russia
5325:Aleppo
5305:Arabic
5170:Safira
5148:Anadan
4402:Balyun
4014:Atarib
3870:Ja'din
3722:Qaboun
3594:al-Bab
3567:al-Rai
3506:Tokhar
3500:Manbij
2891:Kobanî
2644:Ghouta
2450:Anadan
2444:Aleppo
2031:Cities
1480:units
877:
821:
804:
723:
319:Russia
235:Result
193:Aleppo
163:
149:
141:
139:
131:
129:
119:
111:
109:
20110:Maher
19797:Qatar
19511:Syria
17241:Syria
17163:, by
17098:(PDF)
17082:(PDF)
16566:UNHCR
15818:(PDF)
15134:, BBC
14863:(PDF)
14856:(PDF)
14442:OHCHR
14264:(PDF)
12393:1 May
12357:(PDF)
12279:2 May
11315:. CNN
11214:Tweet
10759:. CNN
10079:(PDF)
10062:(PDF)
9215:. BBC
9015:(PDF)
8837:(PDF)
8830:(PDF)
8685:. ISW
8186:Syria
8077:1 May
7445:Notes
7290:Qatar
7183:Adana
7023:Raqqa
6404:sugar
6192:Afrin
6103:Mayer
5573:Idlib
5545:Marea
5513:Major
5468:Syria
5341:Sunni
5329:Syria
5262:Rebel
4646:Sidon
4085:Douma
4055:Afrin
3875:Jobar
3800:Tabqa
3589:Dabiq
3562:Atmeh
3062:Nasib
3038:Bosra
2939:Rebel
2842:Arsal
2807:Morek
2693:Sadad
2575:Aqrab
2395:Houla
2294:Hatla
2280:Douma
2109:Daraa
1273:Basij
19323:Iraq
19245:2023
19191:2022
19137:2021
19088:2020
18976:2019
18849:2018
18615:2017
18396:2016
18238:2015
18054:2014
17910:2013
17716:2012
17587:2011
17121:ISBN
17043:2017
17012:2017
16990:2017
16942:2017
16901:2017
16856:2014
16826:2014
16799:2015
16773:2015
16743:2015
16718:2014
16696:2012
16662:2016
16625:2016
16603:2016
16575:2016
16547:2016
16525:2016
16503:2013
16477:2012
16455:2012
16429:2012
16398:2012
16372:2013
16350:2012
16324:2016
16302:2016
16280:2012
16250:2012
16224:2012
16198:2012
16154:2017
16125:2016
16024:2016
15929:2016
15900:2016
15874:2012
15826:2016
15801:2015
15775:2015
15753:2015
15723:2015
15695:2015
15670:2015
15663:Time
15617:2016
15560:2017
15480:2017
15458:2020
15386:2016
15361:2016
15273:2016
15245:2018
15201:2016
15119:2016
15078:2016
15056:2016
15034:2017
15009:2016
14987:2016
14965:2015
14940:2015
14915:2015
14871:2016
14832:2015
14810:2015
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