2026:
428:
1882:. The Bureau leads the day-to-day activities of the Senate and convenes every two weeks in order to manage the work of the Senate. The Bureau determines the legislative agenda and the order of business in the plenary assembly and the committees, and manages the internal affairs of the Senate. A member of the Federal Government is usually invited to attend the discussions about the legislative agenda. The Bureau also assists the président in the conduct of parliamentary business. In addition, the Bureau also appoints, promotes, and dismisses the staff of the Senate.
2740:
2612:
1520:
1831:
100:
407:
361:
492:
171:
1012:
1885:
The Senate is served by a number of civil servants. The Senate's chief administrative officer is the secretary-general of the Senate, who is appointed by the assembly and heads the Senate's legislative services. He is assisted by the director-general who heads the administrative services and replaces
1844:
The president of the Senate is elected by the Senate at the beginning of each parliamentary term. The president is assisted by two vice presidents, who are also elected at the beginning of each parliamentary term. The president of the Senate is usually a member of a party of the majority with a great
1079:
and the state structure. Belgium would become a unitary state. A bicameral
Parliament was chosen over a unicameral one. The Senate was seen as a more conservative and elite body that served as a counterweight to the more progressive Chamber of representatives. Senators were directly elected, but only
1619:
The voters in the
Flemish constituency belonged to the Dutch electoral college and the voters in the Walloon constituency (which also includes the people living in the German-speaking Community) belonged to the French electoral college, whereas the voters in Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde could choose for
1515:
Whereas the German-speaking senator is chosen by plurality of votes in the
Parliament of the German-speaking community, the seats of the senators of the federated entities are distributed proportionally between parties based on the results for the latest election for the federated entities, i.e. the
1548:
as a new category of senators. It was intended to allow the senators to elect a number of experts or members of representative organizations to join them to enhance the quality of debate and legislation; however, political parties sometimes use it as a means of rewarding loyal members that were not
474:
members. It is a chamber of the communities and regions and serves as a platform for discussion and reflection about matters between these federated entities. The Senate today plays a minor role in the federal legislative process. However, the Senate, together with the
Chamber, has full competence
1904:
and legislation on the organization and functioning of the
Federal State and the federated entities. Depending on the type of law, different procedures are possible that require, among others, special majorities (i.e. a two-thirds majority in the Senate, combined with a majority in each language
1083:
In 1893 the principal of universal multiple voting right was introduced for men. This was combined with the principle of compulsory voting and the principle of proportional representation. For the Senate, candidates still needed to pay ground taxes, but the threshold was lowered. Moreover, a new
1960:
Before a dossier or topic for debate is dealt with in plenary, it is prepared in one of the committees of the Senate. In addition to the standing committees, the Senate can set up special committees, working groups, advisory committees or joint committees (together with the
Chamber). A standing
1540:
Ten senators are co-opted, meaning they are elected by their peers: six by the Dutch-language group of the Senate and four by the French-language group of the Senate. These seats are distributed proportionally between parties based on the results of the latest direct election of the
Chamber of
1859:
The president of the Senate presides over the plenary assembly of the Senate, manages and controls debates in the assembly, is responsible for ensuring the democratic functioning of the Senate, maintains order and security in the assembly and enforces the rules of the Senate. The president
1806:, members appointed by the French language group of the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region, and the members co-opted by the three aforementioned groups. There are 35 senators in the Dutch language group, 24 in the French language group, and one in the German language group.
1860:
represents the Senate at both the national (to the other institutions) and the international level. Additionally, the president chairs the Bureau, which determines the order of business, supervises the administrative services of the Senate, and leads the Senate's activities.
1762:. A senator cannot also be a civil servant or a member of the judiciary at the same time. However, a civil servant who is elected to the Senate is entitled to political leave and does not have to resign as a civil servant. It is also not possible to be a member of the
1128:
from 1970 until 2014. In 1993, the competences of the Senate were redefined during the fourth State Reform. In 2014, during the sixth State Reform, the Senate transformed in the assembly it is today, with important reforms concerning composition and competences.
1699:. Originally, the minimum age to be elected senator was 40; this was reduced to 21 in 1993 and eventually to 18 in 2014. A senator can only enter into office after having taken the constitutional oath, in either of the three official languages in Belgium:
429:
1923:
The Senate sends parliamentary delegations to different interparliamentary conferences and organizations. Through their representatives in the Senate, the federated entities have access to this interparliamentary cooperation.
1758:. A senator who is appointed as a minister ceases to sit in the Senate and is replaced for as long as he is a minister. However, if he resigns as a minister, he may return to the Senate, in accordance with Article 50 of the
1694:
sets forth four qualifications for senators: each senator must be at least 18 years old, must possess the
Belgian nationality, must have the full enjoyment of civil and political rights, and must be resident in
1098:
1921 saw a new reform for the Senate. The prerequisite of taxes was abolished and 4 categories of senators were created: directly elected senators, provincial senators, co-opted senators and senators by right.
2000:
Given its limited legislative power, since the reform of 2014, the Senate holds about ten plenary sessions a year. The standing committees of the Senate, however, determine their own meeting schedule.
1733:
436:
1620:
which electoral college they wanted to vote: they had the lists of both electoral colleges on one ballot. In each electoral college, the seats were divided by proportional representation, using the
1663:
by taking the oath of office. Senators by right over the age of 21 were in theory entitled to vote, but in practice they did not cast their vote. They were not taken into account for the required
408:
1557:
Prior to the
Belgian federal election of May 21, 1995, there were 184 senators, the largest part of which were directly elected, some appointed by the Provincial Councils and others co-opted.
475:
for the
Constitution and legislation on the organization and functioning of the Federal State and the federated entities. Since the reform of 2014, it holds about ten plenary sessions a year.
1968:
Institutional Affairs Committee: deals mainly with issues related to the Constitution and the legislation on the organization and functioning of the Federal State and the federated entities.
1682:). When the function of senators by right was abolished in 2014 as part of the sixth state reform, there were no senators by right, as King Philippe's children were all under the age of 18.
466:" of the Federal Parliament. Created in 1831 as a chamber fully equal to the Chamber of Representatives, it has undergone several reforms in the past, most notably in 1993 and 2014. The
2951:
3741:
2776:
1659:
Before the sixth state reform, the children of the King, older than 18, or if there were none, the Belgian descendants of the main branch of the royal house, were entitled to be
612:
347:
1080:
those who paid ground taxes were eligible. Only men who paid taxes were allowed to vote. There was also the possibility for the heir to the throne to become senator by right.
2704:
1631:
and roughly reflect the ratio of Dutch-speakers to French-speakers by population. The directly elected senators were always elected on the same day as the members of the
1496:(which itself is composed of all members of the Parliament of Wallonia and several members of the French language group of the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region)
1572:
Until the elections of 25 May 2014, the Senate contained 40 directly elected members. To elect these members, the electorate was divided into two electoral colleges: a
1991:
Parliamentary Concertation Committee: this committee deals with all issues relating to the legislative processes where both the Senate and the Chamber are involved in.
2910:
3626:
2009:
2756:
1627:
Of the total of 40 directly elected senators, 25 were elected by the Dutch electoral college and 15 by the French electoral college. These numbers were in the
1934:
does not take an initiative on an issue that is better dealt with at another level. This is the so-called early warning mechanism concerning subsidiarity.
3616:
2937:
1107:
935:
928:
2762:
3581:
1911:: The Senate may draw up information reports, in particular concerning topics that are governed by rules and regulations of different state levels.
1878:
The Bureau of the Senate is composed of the president, the two vice presidents, and the leaders of the political groups that are represented in the
2639:
1961:
committee consists of 20 senators. The political strength of the committees reflects the strength of the political groups in the plenary session.
3220:
3013:
470:
were the first without a direct election of senators. Instead, the new Senate is composed of members of community and regional parliaments and
3831:
1049:
1675:
810:
805:
800:
795:
2945:
2931:
1779:
1509:
596:
1917:
Within the logic of federalism, the Senate mediates in possible conflicts of interest between the different parliaments of the country.
3561:
3062:
2896:
2353:
1839:
3235:
2869:
2828:
2770:
1795:
1487:
2723:
3870:
3515:
2492:
2470:
3495:
559:
3676:
2383:
1022:
1971:
Transversal Affairs Committee: deals mainly with issues that are governed by rules and regulations of different state levels.
1751:
at the same time and representatives must give up their seats in the Chamber of Representatives in order to join the Senate.
1798:, and the members co-opted by the two aforementioned groups. The French language group consists of members appointed by the
2923:
2698:
2632:
1864:
1585:
1233:
718:
607:
459:
3711:
3666:
3006:
1651:. The number was dependent on a province's population, and increased along with the increase in a province's population.
230:
143:
3751:
2904:
2890:
2343:
1799:
1748:
1632:
1493:
1475:
1463:
2739:
3596:
3185:
1949:
1767:
1042:
3250:
2019:
1516:
Flemish Parliament, the Parliament of Wallonia and the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region (regional level).
990:
980:
291:
3817:
3766:
3696:
3631:
3500:
3430:
3290:
3137:
3127:
3097:
2625:
2497:
2475:
1581:
874:
869:
864:
859:
517:
212:
3885:
3880:
3812:
3731:
3701:
3533:
3350:
3300:
3240:
3175:
2999:
2855:
2814:
2679:
2648:
2015:
1941:
1747:
Certain offices are incompatible with the office of senator. A member of the Senate may not be a member of the
1636:
1193:
998:
766:
571:
467:
17:
1978:
The Senate also has an Equal Opportunities Advisory Committee that focuses on equality between women and men.
3586:
3541:
3420:
3200:
2666:
2559:
2538:
1588:
were a part of the French electoral college. Even though there were two electoral colleges, there were three
1564:, reduced the number of senators to 71. The change took effect following the May 21, 1995, federal election.
1187:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1147:
985:
843:
838:
833:
828:
335:
3170:
1930:
Following the EU Treaties, the Senate has the right as chamber of the federal parliament to ensure that the
3523:
3440:
3245:
3165:
2975:
2270:
1505:
2 senators appointed by and from the French-language group of the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region
1072:
1035:
963:
915:
905:
900:
895:
890:
684:
282:
248:
2430:
3415:
3117:
2882:
1474:
Starting with the elections of 25 May 2014, 50 senators are appointed by and from the parliaments of the
1095:
was only applicable to men, women had no right to vote. They however could be a candidate in elections.
360:
3706:
3360:
3260:
2689:
2348:
2105:
1945:
1763:
1459:
1273:
1265:
945:
742:
713:
672:
584:
451:
119:
3726:
1845:
deal of political experience, while the virst vice president is a member of the other language group.
3875:
3390:
3365:
3195:
3132:
3102:
3052:
2708:
2674:
1679:
975:
950:
761:
701:
696:
643:
203:
3310:
3566:
3546:
1601:
970:
566:
541:
2128:
194:
3756:
3721:
3551:
3375:
3067:
2201:
1901:
1819:
1818:
determines that at least one of the senators in the Dutch language group must be resident in the
1815:
1759:
1691:
1628:
1613:
1605:
1561:
1545:
1125:
505:
239:
2580:
2517:
1647:
Between 1894 and 1991, a number of senators were elected by each provincial council of the nine
3746:
3681:
3671:
2863:
2849:
1803:
1500:
737:
3505:
3485:
3460:
3410:
3160:
1822:
on the date of their election, as well as six of the senators in the French language group.
3691:
3661:
3606:
3455:
3370:
3325:
3315:
3305:
3142:
2980:
1755:
1711:. They may also choose to take the oath in more than one language. The oath is as follows:
1648:
1524:
1076:
940:
782:
662:
264:
2409:
2025:
1112:
8:
3776:
3771:
3475:
3345:
3077:
2970:
2358:
1872:
1849:
1671:
600:
547:
537:
530:
512:
482:
139:
2991:
2611:
3556:
3465:
3435:
3385:
3265:
3230:
3180:
3112:
2822:
2808:
1981:
The Senate and the Chamber of Representatives have established three joint committees:
1879:
1791:
1483:
1092:
1068:
638:
631:
554:
184:
3761:
2501:
2479:
3716:
3646:
3611:
3490:
3450:
3400:
3340:
3335:
3215:
3210:
3122:
3107:
3047:
2796:
1660:
1621:
1462:
of 2014, the Senate consists of 60 members. 50 are elected by the parliaments of the
647:
323:
3295:
3736:
3591:
3571:
3395:
3280:
3205:
3082:
3072:
3042:
1868:
1091:, the single vote system - "one man, one vote" - was introduced. This principle of
317:
2456:
1612:. The constituency of Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde ceased to exist following the 2014
99:
3807:
3686:
3425:
3405:
3380:
3355:
3330:
3320:
3275:
3270:
3225:
3190:
1787:
1737:
1724:
1708:
1704:
1577:
691:
616:
440:
422:
414:
77:
62:
1519:
491:
3656:
3651:
3636:
3621:
3445:
3285:
3255:
2792:
1931:
1783:
1716:
1700:
1674:
became King in July 2013, there were three senators by right (Prince Philippe,
1609:
1589:
1573:
1016:
401:
393:
47:
1584:, there was no German-speaking electoral college. Instead, the members of the
3864:
3846:
3833:
3802:
3797:
3152:
2082:
1830:
679:
273:
1635:, for a term of 4 years, except if the Chambers were dissolved earlier. The
3792:
3641:
3576:
3092:
1118:
448:
1875:. The elder of the two takes the second place in the order of precedence.
170:
3601:
3087:
3026:
3022:
2617:
1103:
1088:
708:
463:
1121:, women received the same rights as men as far as voting was concerned.
3034:
1639:
that had directly elected senators took place on Sunday June 13, 2010.
1900:: The Senate, together with the Chamber, has full competence for the
1790:
group. The Dutch language group consists of members appointed by the
471:
1940:
The Senate participates in a number of appointments to high courts (
1486:
from the Flemish Parliament or from the Dutch language group of the
2841:
2789:
2748:
2174:
1853:
1597:
1593:
1528:
1236:, which number was determined by the population figure until 1949)
2657:
2151:
1696:
455:
2493:
Esquisse de l'évolution de la législation électorale en Belgique
1863:
The president of the Senate, together with the president of the
1664:
1560:
The fourth state reform, which took place in 1993, revised the
2539:"Mission and responsibilities of the President of the Senate"
2197:
221:
1531:, home to both Chambers of the Federal Parliament of Belgium
2224:
2059:
3021:
2605:
2306:* Including the senator of the German-speaking community
2247:
1794:, members appointed by the Dutch language group of the
1782:, all senators are divided into two language groups: a
1469:
2014:
This is the composition of the Senate following the
2512:
2510:
2029:
Senate of Belgium - current composition (2020â2021)
2010:
List of members of the Senate of Belgium, 2019â2024
1778:With the exception of the senator appointed by the
1544:In 1921, the co-opted members were included in the
377:
1754:Another important incompatibility is based on the
1974:Committee for Democratic Renewal and Citizenship.
1453:
3862:
2507:
1552:
1084:category of provincial senators was introduced.
2410:"Introduction in Belgian Parliamentary History"
1848:The current president of the Belgian Senate is
3007:
2633:
2435:Rosa - Kenniscentrum voor gender en feminisme
1043:
27:Upper house of the Belgian Federal Parliament
1567:
359:
98:
83:
68:
2460:. The Belgian Senate. Retrieved 2007-06-21.
1894:The Senate mainly has the following tasks:
1780:Parliament of the German-speaking Community
1510:Parliament of the German-speaking Community
1124:The post-World War era saw a series of six
53:
3014:
3000:
2647:
2640:
2626:
2610:
2500:- Directorate of Elections. Archived from
2478:- Directorate of Elections. Archived from
1988:Parliamentary Committee for Law Evaluation
1964:The Senate had three standing committees:
1921:International parliamentary organizations:
1840:List of presidents of the Senate (Belgium)
1050:
1036:
2518:"Incompatibilities and disqualifications"
1796:Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region
1488:Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region
2354:List of presidents of the Belgian Senate
2024:
1985:Federal Advisory Committee on EU Affairs
1829:
1518:
1373:(half the number of provincial senators)
2471:Schets evolutie Belgische kieswetgeving
1742:Ich schwöre, die Verfassung zu befolgen
1117:became the first women senators. After
14:
3863:
2003:
1886:the secretary-general in his absence.
1642:
1492:10 senators appointed by and from the
2995:
2621:
1995:
1713:"I swear to observe the Constitution"
1600:constituency and the constituency of
1499:8 senators appointed by and from the
1335:(depending on provinces' populations)
1316:(depending on provinces' populations)
421:
400:
2504:on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2007-06-21.
2482:on 2007-08-22. Retrieved 2007-06-21.
1654:
1535:
1508:1 senator appointed by and from the
1280:1 Dutch + 1 French electoral college
447:) is one of the two chambers of the
1834:Seat of the president of the Senate
1232:(half the number of members of the
163:(10 of which are co-opted senators)
24:
2344:Belgian Chamber of Representatives
1800:Parliament of the French Community
1773:
1729:Je jure d'observer la Constitution
1494:Parliament of the French Community
1470:Senators of the federated entities
25:
3897:
2597:
1768:Member of the European Parliament
1685:
1541:Representatives (federal level).
1202:Senators directly elected by the
3236:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2738:
1721:Ik zweer de Grondwet na te leven
1608:and the surrounding part of the
1010:
981:Belgium-United Kingdom relations
490:
169:
3818:List of legislatures by country
2573:
1867:, ranks immediately behind the
1466:, and 10 are co-opted members.
3871:1831 establishments in Belgium
3813:List of abolished upper houses
2552:
2531:
2485:
2463:
2449:
2423:
2402:
2371:
1889:
1580:electoral college. Unlike for
1454:Current categories of senators
1417:plus senators by right, if any
1282:(proportional representation)
1277:(proportional representation)
1132:
999:Politics of the European Union
462:. It is considered to be the "
13:
1:
2457:The composition of the Senate
2396:
1955:
1582:European Parliament elections
1553:Former categories of senators
1482:29 senators appointed by the
986:Belgium-Netherlands relations
732:Sentence enforcement tribunal
669:Administrative jurisdictions
2976:Political parties in Belgium
1269:(two-round majority system)
991:BelgiumâLuxembourg relations
729:Family and juvenile tribunal
7:
2431:"Eerste feministische golf"
2337:
1825:
1809:
1802:, members appointed by the
1137:
10:
3902:
2699:Chamber of Representatives
2581:"The Assemblies' Services"
2349:Belgian Federal Parliament
2007:
1865:Chamber of Representatives
1837:
1749:Chamber of Representatives
1633:Chamber of Representatives
1234:Chamber of representatives
1062:
719:Tribunal of first instance
608:Chamber of Representatives
460:Chamber of Representatives
3785:
3532:
3514:
3474:
3151:
3033:
2963:
2924:German-speaking Community
2922:
2881:
2840:
2788:
2747:
2736:
2716:
2697:
2688:
2665:
2655:
2290:
2035:
1586:German-speaking Community
1568:Directly elected senators
1426:
1395:
1376:
1354:
1338:
1300:
1271:
1263:
1245:
1209:
976:Belgium-Germany relations
375:
370:
358:
353:
341:
329:
315:
310:
300:
185:Government (demissionary)
177:
168:
157:
152:
132:
127:
113:
108:
97:
42:
32:
3501:Northern Mariana Islands
2364:
1602:Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde
1592:for Senate elections: a
1413:Total number of senators
1387:Senators elected by the
1289:Senators elected by the
971:France-Belgium relations
2749:Brussels-Capital Region
1950:High Council of Justice
1938:Appointments to courts:
1820:Brussels-Capital Region
1606:Brussels-Capital Region
1408:(29 NL + 20 FR + 1 DE)
936:Communities and regions
3063:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2649:Governments of Belgium
2030:
1915:Conflicts of interest:
1835:
1804:Parliament of Wallonia
1741:
1728:
1720:
1604:, which comprised the
1532:
1501:Parliament of Wallonia
1402:(10 NL + 10 FR + 1 DE)
458:, the other being the
444:
418:
397:
365:
147:since 13 October 2020
103:
84:
69:
54:
3886:Federalism in Belgium
3881:National upper houses
3241:Republic of the Congo
2801:(merged institutions)
2324:Christian-democrats 7
2028:
1833:
1637:last federal election
1522:
1350:by the other senators
1126:Belgian state reforms
726:Correctional tribunal
363:
102:
3847:50.84667°N 4.36472°E
2981:Elections in Belgium
2583:. The Belgian Senate
2562:. The Belgian Senate
2541:. The Belgian Senate
2520:. The Belgian Senate
2498:FPS Interior Belgium
2476:FPS Interior Belgium
2412:. The Belgian Senate
1942:Constitutional Court
1816:Belgian Constitution
1760:Belgian Constitution
1756:separation of powers
1692:Belgian Constitution
1629:Belgian Constitution
1562:Belgian Constitution
1525:Palace of the Nation
1077:Belgian Constitution
767:Justice of the peace
560:Elisabeth of Belgium
518:Constitutional Court
3843: /
3441:Trinidad and Tobago
3166:Antigua and Barbuda
2971:Politics of Belgium
2359:Politics of Belgium
2310:By political family
2004:Current composition
1909:Information reports
1880:standing committees
1873:order of precedence
1643:Provincial senators
1256:Electoral districts
1228:(from 1949 to 1991)
743:Enterprise tribunal
483:Politics of Belgium
3662:Kingdom of Ireland
3607:Dominican Republic
3251:Dominican Republic
2938:Minister-President
2897:Minister-President
2856:Minister-President
2815:Minister-President
2763:Minister-President
2680:Cabinet of Belgium
2031:
2020:regional elections
1996:Non-permanent body
1836:
1814:Article 67 of the
1792:Flemish Parliament
1770:at the same time.
1764:Federal Parliament
1690:Article 69 of the
1614:sixth State Reform
1533:
1484:Flemish Parliament
1476:federated entities
1464:federated entities
1460:sixth state reform
1389:community/regional
1093:universal suffrage
1069:Belgian Revolution
1017:Belgium portal
685:Court of Cassation
639:De Croo Government
585:Federal Parliament
555:Duchess of Brabant
452:Federal Parliament
366:
104:
3852:50.84667; 4.36472
3826:
3825:
3478:other territories
3316:Japan (post-1947)
3261:Equatorial Guinea
2989:
2988:
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2022:of May 26, 2019.
1661:senators by right
1655:Senators by right
1536:Co-opted senators
1451:
1450:
1418:
1374:
1370:
1363:
1336:
1332:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1306:
1237:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1073:National Congress
1060:
1059:
964:Foreign relations
916:Political parties
648:Alexander De Croo
402:[sÉËnaËt]
386:
385:
364:senate of belgium
348:On or before 2029
324:Indirect election
91:
90:
16:(Redirected from
3893:
3876:Senate (Belgium)
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3844:
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3707:Northern Ireland
3672:Japan (pre-1947)
3667:Irish Free State
3016:
3009:
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2993:
2992:
2883:French Community
2802:
2742:
2695:
2694:
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2635:
2628:
2619:
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2614:
2609:
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2606:Official website
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1946:Council of State
1850:Stephanie D'Hose
1736:
1596:constituency, a
1416:
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1368:
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714:Court of assizes
692:Appellate courts
673:Council of State
601:Stephanie D'Hose
494:
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179:Political groups
173:
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140:Stephanie D'Hose
87:
72:
57:
40:
39:
30:
29:
21:
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3834:
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3822:
3808:Multicameralism
3781:
3528:
3510:
3477:
3470:
3147:
3029:
3020:
2990:
2985:
2959:
2918:
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2705:Representatives
2684:
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2340:
2046:& Regional
2045:
2040:
2012:
2006:
1998:
1958:
1892:
1842:
1828:
1812:
1788:French language
1776:
1774:Language groups
1732:
1688:
1676:Princess Astrid
1672:Prince Philippe
1657:
1645:
1570:
1555:
1538:
1472:
1456:
1414:
1371:
1333:
1314:
1281:
1276:
1274:arrondissements
1268:
1266:arrondissements
1243:(25 NL + 15 FR)
1230:
1140:
1135:
1110:
1075:decided on the
1065:
1056:
1027:
1023:Other countries
1011:
1009:
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1003:
995:
966:
956:
955:
946:Arrondissements
931:
921:
920:
910:
879:
848:
817:
785:
774:
773:
762:Police tribunal
758:
738:Labour tribunal
702:Court of labour
697:Court of appeal
665:
655:
654:
634:
632:Federal Cabinet
624:
623:
617:Eliane Tillieux
587:
577:
576:
533:
523:
522:
508:
485:
435:
427:
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344:
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288:
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256:Opposition (23)
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191:
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162:
148:
146:
135:
123:
122:
93:
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28:
23:
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11:
5:
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3777:Weimar Germany
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
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3729:
3724:
3719:
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3597:Czechoslovakia
3594:
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3549:
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3486:American Samoa
3482:
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3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
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3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3246:Czech Republic
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
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2846:
2844:
2842:Walloon Region
2838:
2837:
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2820:
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2805:
2803:
2786:
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2709:Constituencies
2703:
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2692:
2686:
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2682:
2677:
2675:Prime Minister
2671:
2669:
2660:
2653:
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2644:
2637:
2630:
2622:
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2599:
2598:External links
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2318:Conservative 9
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1932:European Union
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1838:Main article:
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1784:Dutch language
1775:
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1686:Qualifications
1684:
1680:Prince Laurent
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1622:D'Hondt method
1610:Flemish Region
1590:constituencies
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1380:(6 NL + 4 FR)
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723:Civil tribunal
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468:2014 elections
423:[sena]
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18:Belgian Senate
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3898:
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3804:
3803:Tricameralism
3801:
3799:
3798:Unicameralism
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2623:
2620:
2613:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2582:
2576:
2561:
2555:
2540:
2534:
2519:
2513:
2511:
2503:
2499:
2496:(in French).
2495:
2494:
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2477:
2473:
2472:
2466:
2459:
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2355:
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2342:
2341:
2332:
2329:
2327:Socialists 11
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2275:Dutch/French
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2206:French/Dutch
2205:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
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2155:
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2150:
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2135:
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2127:
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2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2083:Vlaams Belang
2081:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2001:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1928:Subsidiarity:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1887:
1883:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1797:
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1789:
1785:
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1771:
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1761:
1757:
1752:
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1745:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
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1702:
1698:
1693:
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1677:
1673:
1668:
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1652:
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1507:
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1467:
1465:
1461:
1447:
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1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1367:
1360:
1357:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1329:
1322:
1319:
1310:
1303:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1279:
1275:
1272:21 electoral
1267:
1264:38 electoral
1257:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1130:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1071:of 1830, the
1070:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1008:
1007:
1000:
997:
996:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
968:
965:
960:
959:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
933:
930:
925:
924:
917:
914:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
888:
886:
885:
883:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
857:
855:
854:
852:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
824:
823:
821:
814:
813:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
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790:
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778:
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741:
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731:
728:
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712:
711:
710:
707:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
693:
690:
686:
683:
682:
681:
680:Highest court
678:
674:
671:
670:
668:
667:
664:
659:
658:
649:
645:
642:
641:
640:
637:
636:
633:
628:
627:
618:
614:
611:
610:
609:
606:
602:
598:
595:
594:
593:
590:
589:
586:
581:
580:
573:
570:
568:
567:Crown Council
565:
561:
558:
557:
556:
553:
549:
546:
545:
543:
539:
536:
535:
532:
527:
526:
519:
516:
514:
511:
510:
507:
502:
501:
498:
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489:
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484:
480:
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473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
450:
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442:
438:
430:
424:
420:
416:
409:
403:
399:
395:
391:
381:
374:
369:
362:
357:
354:Meeting place
352:
349:
346:
343:Next election
340:
337:
334:
331:Last election
328:
325:
322:
319:
318:Voting system
314:
309:
305:
299:
293:
287:
284:
278:
275:
269:
266:
260:
259:
258:
257:
250:
244:
241:
235:
232:
226:
223:
217:
214:
208:
205:
199:
196:
190:
189:
188:
186:
182:
176:
172:
167:
160:
156:
151:
145:
141:
137:
131:
126:
121:
116:
112:
107:
101:
96:
86:
82:
79:
76:
75:
71:
67:
64:
61:
60:
56:
52:
49:
46:
45:
41:
31:
19:
3828:
3793:Bicameralism
3757:Soviet Union
3747:South Africa
3612:East Germany
3562:Burkina Faso
3421:South Africa
3057:
3027:legislatures
3025:of national
3023:Upper houses
2950:
2936:
2909:
2895:
2868:
2854:
2827:
2813:
2775:
2761:
2717:
2585:. Retrieved
2575:
2564:. Retrieved
2560:"The Bureau"
2554:
2543:. Retrieved
2533:
2522:. Retrieved
2502:the original
2491:
2487:
2480:the original
2474:(in Dutch).
2469:
2465:
2455:
2451:
2439:. Retrieved
2434:
2425:
2414:. Retrieved
2404:
2373:
2330:Ecologists 9
2309:
2308:
2305:
2284:
2261:
2238:
2215:
2188:
2165:
2142:
2119:
2096:
2073:
2036:Affiliation
2013:
1999:
1980:
1977:
1963:
1959:
1937:
1936:
1927:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1907:
1902:Constitution
1897:
1896:
1893:
1884:
1877:
1862:
1858:
1847:
1843:
1813:
1786:group and a
1777:
1753:
1746:
1712:
1689:
1669:
1667:for voting.
1658:
1646:
1626:
1618:
1571:
1559:
1556:
1546:Constitution
1543:
1539:
1514:
1473:
1457:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1405:
1399:
1388:
1377:
1365:
1358:
1347:
1327:
1320:
1308:
1301:
1290:
1255:
1240:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1123:
1119:World War II
1101:
1097:
1086:
1082:
1066:
929:Subdivisions
811:
755:Minor claims
752:Minor crimes
709:Trial courts
591:
572:Royal Family
506:Constitution
389:
387:
255:
254:
183:
3850: /
3752:South Korea
3697:New Zealand
3627:El Salvador
3557:British Raj
3542:Afghanistan
3506:Puerto Rico
3496:Isle of Man
3411:Saint Lucia
3391:Philippines
3371:Netherlands
3306:Ivory Coast
3138:Switzerland
3128:South Sudan
2321:Liberals 12
2315:Far-right 7
1898:Legislation
1890:Competences
1391:parliaments
1133:Composition
1111: [
1104:Maria Baers
1089:World War I
464:upper house
336:9 June 2024
120:Upper house
3865:Categories
3835:50°50âČ48âłN
3692:Mauritania
3582:Costa Rica
3524:Somaliland
3456:Uzbekistan
3431:Tajikistan
3346:Madagascar
3326:Kazakhstan
2946:Parliament
2932:Government
2905:Parliament
2891:Government
2864:Parliament
2850:Government
2823:Parliament
2809:Government
2771:Parliament
2757:Government
2690:Parliament
2667:Government
2587:2006-11-19
2566:2006-11-19
2545:2006-11-19
2524:2007-06-29
2437:(in Dutch)
2416:2007-06-21
2397:References
2333:Far-left 5
2008:See also:
1956:Committees
1458:Since the
1291:provincial
1067:After the
128:Leadership
3838:4°21âČ53âłE
3772:Venezuela
3702:Nicaragua
3291:Indonesia
3048:Australia
3043:Argentina
2797:Community
2049:Co-opted
2044:Community
1734:âčSee Tfdâș
1649:provinces
1549:elected.
1346:Senators
1102:In 1936,
941:Provinces
853:Regional
789:European
783:elections
663:Judiciary
613:President
597:President
449:bicameral
437:âčSee Tfdâș
311:Elections
153:Structure
134:President
85:der Senat
55:de Senaat
3727:Rhodesia
3717:Portugal
3682:Maldives
3632:Ethiopia
3466:Zimbabwe
3436:Thailand
3416:Slovenia
3386:Paraguay
3266:Eswatini
3231:Colombia
3216:Cameroon
3211:Cambodia
3181:Barbados
3113:Pakistan
3093:Malaysia
3078:Ethiopia
2967:See also
2724:Senators
2656:Federal
2338:See also
2271:PVDA-PTB
2175:Open Vld
2152:CD&V
2039:Language
1905:group).
1854:Open VLD
1826:Officers
1810:Brussels
1529:Brussels
1348:co-opted
1293:councils
1138:Overview
822:Federal
548:Philippe
531:Monarchy
513:Taxation
472:co-opted
283:PVDA-PTB
213:CD&V
144:Open VLD
70:le SĂ©nat
3786:Related
3737:Senegal
3722:Prussia
3647:Hungary
3617:Ecuador
3602:Denmark
3587:Croatia
3547:Austria
3534:Defunct
3491:Bermuda
3451:Uruguay
3401:Romania
3361:Namibia
3356:Myanmar
3351:Morocco
3341:Liberia
3336:Lesotho
3311:Jamaica
3296:Ireland
3281:Grenada
3206:Burundi
3201:Bolivia
3186:Belarus
3176:Bahrain
3171:Bahamas
3161:Algeria
3153:Unitary
3123:Somalia
3108:Nigeria
3083:Germany
3058:Belgium
3053:Austria
3035:Federal
2952:members
2911:members
2870:members
2829:members
2790:Flemish
2777:members
2658:Belgium
2252:French
2133:French
2110:French
2016:federal
1871:in the
1852:of the
1697:Belgium
1598:Walloon
1594:Flemish
1434:153â184
1428:102â120
1063:History
781:Recent
538:Monarch
456:Belgium
371:Website
306:5 years
249:Vooruit
3767:Turkey
3762:Sweden
3742:Serbia
3642:Greece
3572:Ceylon
3406:Rwanda
3396:Poland
3321:Jordan
3271:France
3196:Bhutan
3191:Belize
3118:Russia
3098:Mexico
3073:Canada
3068:Brazil
2793:Region
2718:Senate
2441:17 May
2381:
2291:Total
2229:Dutch
2179:Dutch
2156:Dutch
2087:Dutch
2064:Dutch
2052:Total
2041:group
1766:and a
1738:German
1725:French
1709:German
1705:French
1670:Until
1665:quorum
1578:French
1576:and a
1369:(1991)
1362:(1921)
1331:(1991)
1324:(1921)
1312:(1919)
1305:(1894)
1221:(1946)
1214:(1831)
1204:voters
1192:since
1087:After
884:Local
592:Senate
441:German
415:French
398:Senaat
390:Senate
378:senate
289:
280:
271:
262:
246:
237:
228:
219:
210:
201:
192:
142:,
78:German
63:French
34:Senate
3687:Malta
3677:Libya
3622:Egypt
3577:China
3567:Burma
3461:Yemen
3426:Spain
3381:Palau
3366:Nepal
3331:Kenya
3301:Italy
3286:Haiti
3276:Gabon
3256:Egypt
3226:Chile
3133:Sudan
3103:Nepal
3088:India
2365:Notes
2202:Groen
2198:Ecolo
1717:Dutch
1701:Dutch
1574:Dutch
1422:51â76
1115:]
445:Senat
419:SĂ©nat
394:Dutch
240:Groen
222:Ecolo
158:Seats
48:Dutch
3712:Peru
3657:Iraq
3652:Iran
3637:Fiji
3592:Cuba
3376:Oman
3221:Chad
2795:and
2443:2021
2225:sp.a
2060:N-VA
2018:and
1869:King
1678:and
1523:The
1194:2014
1188:2010
1184:1995
1179:1991
1175:1921
1170:1919
1166:1900
1161:1898
1157:1894
1152:1892
1148:1831
1106:and
906:2024
901:2018
896:2012
891:2006
875:2024
870:2019
865:2014
860:2009
844:2024
839:2019
834:2014
829:2010
812:2024
806:2019
801:2014
796:2009
542:list
388:The
265:N-VA
187:(37)
114:Type
109:Type
2386:(1)
2384:PFF
2300:60
2248:cdH
1952:).
1715:. (
1707:or
1527:in
1225:106
1218:101
454:of
380:.be
294:(2)
285:(5)
276:(7)
267:(9)
251:(4)
242:(4)
233:(5)
231:VLD
224:(5)
215:(5)
206:(7)
197:(7)
161:60
3867::
2509:^
2433:.
2297:10
2294:50
2136:6*
2129:MR
2106:PS
1948:,
1944:,
1856:.
1744:)
1740::
1731:,
1727::
1723:,
1719::
1703:,
1624:.
1616:.
1478::
1446:60
1440:71
1415:*
1406:50
1400:21
1378:10
1366:26
1364:â
1359:20
1339:â
1328:52
1326:â
1321:40
1309:27
1307:â
1302:26
1246:â
1241:40
1223:â
1216:â
1211:51
1113:nl
646::
615::
599::
544:)
443::
434:;
417::
413:;
396::
292:LE
274:VB
204:PS
195:MR
80::
65::
50::
3015:e
3008:t
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2711:)
2707:(
2641:e
2634:t
2627:v
2590:.
2569:.
2548:.
2527:.
2445:.
2419:.
2285:5
2281:1
2278:4
2262:2
2258:0
2255:2
2239:4
2235:1
2232:3
2216:9
2212:2
2209:7
2200:-
2189:5
2185:1
2182:4
2166:5
2162:1
2159:4
2143:7
2139:1
2120:7
2116:1
2113:6
2097:7
2093:1
2090:6
2074:9
2070:1
2067:8
1442:*
1436:*
1430:*
1424:*
1396:â
1355:â
1298:â
1186:â
1177:â
1168:â
1159:â
1150:â
1051:e
1044:t
1037:v
540:(
392:(
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