Black-footed cat - Knowledge

233: 1161:. It employs three different ways of hunting: "fast hunt", "slow hunt", and "sit and wait" hunt. In a fast hunt, it moves at a speed of 2 to 3 km/h (1.2 to 1.9 mph) and chases prey out of vegetation cover. During a slow hunt, it stalks the prey at a speed of 0.5 to 0.8 km/h (0.3 to 0.5 mph), meandering cautiously through the grass and vigilantly checking its surroundings while turning its head side to side. It moves between 5 and 16 km (3 and 10 mi) on average in search of small rodents and birds, mostly moving in small circles and zig-zagging among bushes and 1146: 31: 1036: 92: 50: 902: 888: 1028: 1476:. In 2003, the sperm was collected from a male and then frozen. It was used to fertilize an egg in 2005, creating embryos that were thawed and transferred to a surrogate female in December 2010. The female carried the embryos to term and gave birth to two kittens. The same center reported that on 6 February 2012, a female black-footed cat kitten, Crystal, was born to a domestic cat 1261:) being among its most important prey. Its average prey weighs 24.1 g (0.85 oz) with small mammals constituting the most important prey class, followed by larger mammals weighing more than 100 g (3.5 oz) and small birds. It is able to satisfy its daily water requirements through its diet, but drinks water when available. 1132:

8.42 ± 2.09 km (5.23 ± 1.30 mi) per night in search of prey. It is difficult to survey because of its highly secretive nature; moreover, it tends to move fast without using roads or tracks like other cats. In South Africa, a density of 0.17/km (0.44/sq mi) was estimated in Benfontein near

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springhare burrows or hollow termite mounds. From the age of four days onward, the mother leaves her kittens alone for up to 10 hours during nights. At the age of six weeks, they can move fast and frequently leave the den. Kittens and independent subadults are at the risk of falling prey to other carnivores such as

1079:). It digs vigorously to extend or modify these burrows for shelter. After sunset, it emerges to hunt. It seeks refuge at the slightest disturbance and often uses termite mounds for cover or for bearing its young. When cornered, it defends itself fiercely. Due to this habit and its courage, it is called 1136:

during 1998 to 1999, that fell to 0.08/km (0.2/sq mi) during 2005 to 2014. Farther south, in the Nuwejaarsfontein area, the estimated number of individuals during 2009 to 2014 was 0.06/km (0.16/sq mi). These were probably exceptionally high densities, as both areas feature good weather and

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to Southern Africa; its distribution is much more restricted than other small cats in this region. Its range extends from South Africa northward into southern Botswana, where it was recorded in the late 1960s. It has also been recorded in Namibia, extreme southern Angola and southern Zimbabwe. It is

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the carcass of a recently deceased lamb weighing nearly 3 kg (6.6 lb). It consumed around 120 g (0.26 lb) meat in each of several bouts of eating, starting from the thighs, making its way from the lower back through the flanks to the neck; later it opened up the chest and fed on

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fur that is entirely covered with black spots. Its head is darker than the rest of the body but paler above the eyes. Its whiskers are white, and its ears bear grizzled dark brown hairs. On the neck and back, some spots are elongated into stripes. The spots form transverse stripes on the shoulders.

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Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O’Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.;

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Captive females were observed trying to shift their kittens to a new hiding place every six to ten days after a week of their birth, much more frequently than other small cats. They are able to walk within two weeks and start climbing at three weeks. In the wild, kittens are born in South African

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and rodents by a bite in the neck or in the head and consumed them completely. They stalked birds quietly, followed by a quick chase and a jump up to a height of 1.4 m (4 ft 7 in) and over a distance of 2 m (6 ft 7 in), also catching some in the air. They pulled them

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10 mm (0.4 in) long. It has small pointed ears ranging from 45 to 50 mm (1.8 to 2.0 in) in females and 46 to 57 mm (1.8 to 2.2 in) in males. The hindfoot of females measures maximum 95 mm (3.7 in) and of males maximum 105 mm (4.1 in). Its shoulder

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The black-footed cat is the smallest cat species in Africa. Females measure 33.7–36.8 cm (13.3–14.5 in) in head and body length with a 15.7 to 17 cm (6.2 to 6.7 in) long tail. Males are between 42.5 and 50 cm (16.7 and 19.7 in) with a 15–20 cm (6–8 in) long

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is very high, with about 250 to 300 g (9 to 11 oz) of prey consumed per night, which is about a sixth of its average body weight. In 1993, a female and a male black-footed cat were followed for 622 hours and observed hunting. They caught vertebrates every 50 minutes and killed up to 14

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to dark ochre. In the northern part of its range, it is lighter than in the southern part, where its spots and bands are more clearly defined. The three rings on the throat are reddish brown to black, with the third ring broken in some individuals. The black bands are broad on the upper legs and

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and are narrowly edged with rufous. Some individuals have a pure white belly with a tawny tinge where it blends into the tawny colour of the flanks. The ears, eyes and mouth are lined with pale off-white. Two black streaks run from the corners of the eyes across the cheeks. Individuals vary in

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in Africa, having a head-and-body length of 35–52 cm (14–20 in). Despite its name, only the soles of its feet are black or dark brown. With its bold small spots and stripes on the tawny fur, it is well camouflaged, especially on moonlit nights. It bears black streaks running from the

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in visible locations. Its calls are louder than those of other cats of its size, presumably to allow calls to be heard over relatively large distances. When close to each other, however, it uses quieter purrs or gurgles; when threatened, it hisses and growls. Adults move an average of

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since 1993. This research allowed direct observation of its behaviour in its natural habitat. It usually rests in burrows during the day and hunts at night. It moves between 5 and 16 km (3 and 10 mi) on average in search of small rodents and birds. It feeds on 40 different

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was kept in the Wuppertal Zoo in Germany. As of July 2011, detailed records existed for a total of 726 captive cats since 1964; worldwide, 74 individuals were kept in 23 institutions in Germany, United Arab Emirates, US, UK, and South Africa.

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Unlike most other cats, it is a poor climber, as its stocky body and short tail are thought not to be conducive for climbing trees. However, one black-footed cat was observed and photographed resting in the lower branches of a camelthorn tree

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and kills up to 14 small animals per night. It can catch birds in flight, jumping up to 1.4 m (5 ft) high, and also attacks mammals and birds much heavier than itself. A female usually gives birth to two kittens during the

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The forelegs and the hind legs bear irregular stripes. Its tail is confusedly spotted. The underparts of the feet are black or dark brown. The throat rings form black semi-circles that vary in colour from dusky brown to pale

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of 6.23–15.53 km (2.41–6.00 sq mi) in a year, and a resident male in an area of 19.44–23.61 km (7.51–9.12 sq mi). The range of an adult male overlaps the ranges of one to four females. It uses

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The black-footed cat hunts at night irrespective of the weather, at temperatures from −10 to 35 °C (14 to 95 °F). It attacks its prey from the rear, puts its forepaws on its flanks and grounds the prey using its

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are gray at the base and have either white or dark tips. The underfur is dense with short and wavy hair. The fur becomes thicker and longer during winter. The pupils of the eyes contract to a vertical slit, like in all

1459:'s Center for Research of Endangered Species is working on advanced genetics involving cats. In February 2011, a female kept there gave birth to two male kittens – the first black-footed cats to be born as a result of 1295:

Kittens weigh 60 to 93 g (2.1 to 3.3 oz) at birth; they are born blind and relatively helpless, although they are able to crawl after just a few hours. Their eyes open at three to ten days, and their

1229:) lambs keep hiding quietly in a hollow or under a bush for the first few days of their lives. A male pounced on a lamb resting in the grass, but abandoned the hunt after the lamb got up on its feet. It later 1735: 284:. It was recorded in southern Botswana, but only a few authentic records exist in Namibia, in southern Angola and in southern Zimbabwe. Due to its restricted distribution, it has been listed as a 2928: 2897: 2959: 2757:. Bad Marienberg, Germany; Coimbatore, India; Oxford, United Kingdom: Wild Cat Network, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Borneo Nature Foundation. pp. 7–8. 1400:

and followed for extended periods to improve the understanding about their social organisation, sizes and use of their home ranges, hunting behaviour and composition of their diet.

2660:) and prevalence of infectious diseases in sympatric carnivores in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa". In Wibbelt, G.; Kretzschmar, P.; Hofer, H. & Seet, S. (eds.). 1328:. They become independent after three to four months and tend to stay within their mother's home range. Captive black-footed cats lived for up to 15 years and three months. 2263: 2982: 1292:

for only five to ten hours, requiring males to locate them quickly. Males fight for access to the female. Copulation occurs nearly every twenty to fifty minutes.

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per year during the Southern Hemisphere summer between October and March. The litter size is usually one or two kittens, in rare cases also four kittens.

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up to 41 times in a stretch of 685 m (2,250 ft). They sprayed less frequently during pregnancy. Other forms of scent marking include

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Sliwa, A.; Wilson, B.; Lawrenz, A.; Lamberski, N.; Herrick, J. & Küsters, M. (2018). "Camera trap use in the study of black-footed cats (

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height is less than 25 cm (9.8 in). Females weigh 1.1–1.65 kg (2.4–3.6 lb) and males 1.6–2.45 kg (3.5–5.4 lb).

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summer between October and March. They are weaned at the age of two months and become independent after four months of age at the latest.

1579: 2119: 2868: 8909: 8738: 2041:. Vol. V. Carnivores, Pangolins, Equids and Rhinoceroses. London, New Delhi, New York, Sydney: Bloomsbury. pp. 203–206. 393:

of a subspecies was doubted as no geographical barriers matching the observed differences exist between populations. In 2017, the

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management conditions, while the number of individuals in less favourable habitats could be closer to 0.03/km (0.08/sq mi).

982:) resembles the black-footed cat in coat colour and pattern, but has proportionately larger ears, longer legs and a longer tail. 2990: 2849: 1864: 1428:

was formed to coordinate which animals are best suited for pairing to maintain genetic diversity and to avoid inbreeding. The

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The Black-footed Cat Working Group carries out a research project at Benfontein Nature Reserve and Nuwejaarsfontein Farm near

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is short and round with a basal length of 77–87 mm (3.0–3.4 in) and a width of 38–40 mm (1.5–1.6 in). The

8821: 2257: 2080: 2046: 1858: 1425: 8782: 1725:"A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" 2662:

Proceedings of the International Conference on Diseases of Zoo and Wild Animals 2009: May 20th – 24th, 2009, Beekse Bergen

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Due to its small size, the black-footed cat hunts mainly small prey such as rodents and small birds, but also preys on

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Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E. & O'Brien, S. J. (2006).

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and death. Wild black-footed cats are susceptible to transmission of infectious diseases from domestic dogs and cats.

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into Africa. This migration was possibly facilitated by extended periods of low sea levels between Asia and Africa.

8939: 8834: 4842: 2394:): A comparison of two small felids from South African arid lands". In Macdonald, D. & Loveridge, A. (eds.). 2713: 2676: 2656:

Lamberski, N.; Sliwa, A.; Wilson, B.; Herrick, J. & Lawrenz, A. (2009). "Conservation of black-footed cats (

475:, based on analysis of their nuclear DNA. Analysis of their mitochondrial DNA indicates a genetic divergence of 2755:

Proceedings of the First International Small Wild Cat Conservation Summit, 11–14 September 2017, United Kingdom

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Known threats include methods of indiscriminate predator control, such as bait poisoning and steel-jaw traps,

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and is protected throughout most of its range including Botswana and South Africa, where hunting is illegal.

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den, sometimes with closed eyes. Its ears keep moving, and it opens the eyes as soon as it hears a sound.

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and usually solitary, except when females care for dependent kittens. It spends the day resting in hollow

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with short grasses, low bush cover, and scattered clumps of low bush and higher grasses. The mean annual

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shows the phylogenetic relationships of the black-footed cat as derived through analysis of nuclear DNA:

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Armstrong, J. (1977). "The development and hand-rearing of black-footed cats". In Eaton, R. L. (ed.).

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Cat Specialist Group revised felid taxonomy and noted that the black-footed cat is most probably a

2030: 1368:. The majority of protected areas may be too small to adequately conserve viable sub-populations. 91: 8097: 7078: 6809: 6502: 6437: 5819: 5395: 4868: 4390: 3121: 1404:

are used to monitor the behaviour of radio-collared black-footed cats and their interaction with

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break through at the age of two to three weeks. Within one month, they take solid food, and are

8769: 8616: 8321: 8073: 7886: 7762: 7374: 7356: 7184: 6878: 6869: 6511: 5249: 4041: 3006:"Audubon center in Algiers logs another breakthrough in genetic engineering of endangered cats" 1460: 1207: 421: 1956: 1567: 8868: 8498: 7753: 7735: 7726: 7717: 7202: 7193: 6565: 5335: 5326: 5317: 5266: 5204: 5186: 5177: 5114: 5063: 4901: 4892: 3329: 2983:"Rare cats born through amazing science at Audubon Center for Research of Endangered Species" 2584:

Sliwa, A. (1996). "Pleasures and Worries of a Black-Footed Cat Field Study in South Africa".

2245: 2097: 1563: 373: 337: 330: 222: 206: 8860: 6520: 6416: 1364:, diseases, and unsuitable farming practices. Several black-footed cats have been killed by 501:

Fossil remains of the black-footed cat have not been found. It possibly migrated during the

8725: 8663: 8339: 8240: 8199: 7913: 7424: 7152: 6478: 5543: 5293: 5284: 5240: 5195: 4818: 4324: 4059: 3885: 2879: 2781: 2037:. In Kingdon, J.; Happold, D.; Hoffmann, M.; Butynski, T.; Happold, M.; Kalina, J. (eds.). 1784: 1361: 681: 390: 8795: 3059: 1145: 8: 8579: 8525: 8297: 7744: 7630: 7612: 7457: 7306: 7211: 6461: 6407: 6156: 5898: 5889: 5153: 4426: 4408: 4263: 4112: 3615: 1895:"Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae)" 1424:

acquired black-footed cats in 1957, and succeeded in breeding them in 1963. In 1993, the

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Sliwa, A. (November 2006). "Atomic Kitten: the secrets of Africa's black-footed cat".

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field research and conservation". In Appel, A.; Mukherjee, S.; Cheyne, S. M. (eds.).

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at the age of two months. Their permanent teeth erupt at the age of 148 to 158 days.

1199: 1191: 436: 365: 2801: 2642: 2536: 1812: 1392:. In November 2012, this project was extended to Biesiesfontein Farm located in the 8707: 8552: 8385: 7663: 7093: 6383: 6165: 5915: 5105: 5004: 4788: 4779: 4363: 4154: 4145: 3939: 3488: 2789: 2620: 2566: 2524: 2511:

Sliwa, A. (2006). "Seasonal and sex-specific prey composition of black-footed cats

2484: 2479: 2366: 2226: 2158: 1914: 1906: 1792: 1704: 1578:. Vol. II. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. p. 592. 1533: 1477: 1449: 1377: 1165:

mounds. In a "sit and wait" hunt, it waits for the prey motionlessly in front of a

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that were darker than those of the nominate subspecies. When the British zoologist

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Sliwa, A. (2004). "Home range size and social organization of black-footed cats (

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become narrower towards the paws. The 25 to 30 mm (1.0 to 1.2 in) long

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Terio, K.A.; O’Brien, T.; Lamberski, N.; Famula, T. R. & Munson, L. (2008).

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Both captive and free-ranging black-footed cats exhibit a high prevalence of

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Altogether 54 prey species of the black-footed cat were identified, with the

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in this region ranges from 100 to 500 mm (3.9 to 19.7 in). In the

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tail. Its tapering tail is about half the length of the head and body. Its

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The first black-footed cat known to science was discovered in the northern

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corners of the eyes along the cheeks, and its banded tail has a black tip.

1910: 1721: 1513: 8847: 8751: 8648: 8148: 7339: 7256: 7229: 6978: 6892: 6824: 6750: 6741: 6708: 6666: 6631: 6348: 6241: 6073: 5613: 5525: 5433: 5078: 4651: 4471: 4136: 4050: 4033: 4010: 3973: 3857: 3821: 3666: 3455: 3310: 3189: 1967:(3rd ed.). Cape Town: Cambridge University Press. pp. 405–408. 1845:

Werdelin, L.; Yamaguchi, N.; Johnson, W. E. & O'Brien, S. J. (2010).

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at the age of nine months, and females at the age of seven months. Their

1243: 1016: 955: 850: 502: 413: 8717: 3043: 2921:"Philadelphia Zoo visitors 'paws' to gush over black-footed cat kittens" 2625: 2604: 2348: 8743: 8357: 7603: 7534: 7521: 7488: 7274: 7012: 6772: 6320: 6297: 6183: 6174: 6123: 6088: 6064: 5828: 5727: 5676: 5622: 5604: 5577: 5484: 5434: 4833: 4806: 4734: 4717: 4480: 4453: 4299: 4203: 4187: 4023: 3903: 3743: 3579: 3446: 3238: 3206: 3190: 2553:

Leyhausen, P. & Tonkin, B. (1966). "Breeding the black-footed cat (

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Sliwa, A. (1994). "Diet and feeding behaviour of the Black-footed Cat (

2351:"The role of scent marking in a free-ranging, female black-footed cat ( 1181: 1111: 1097:. This exaggeration is intended to emphasize its bravery and tenacity. 1086: 1019:

area, it was recorded at an elevation of 2,000 m (6,600 ft).

959: 930: 772: 487: 361: 313: 153: 2850:"Press Release: Animal News : Second Litter of Black Footed Cats" 2793: 2681:) on Nuwejaarsfontein Farm / Benfontein Nature Reserve, 4–20 July 2010 8756: 8288: 8223: 7836: 7776: 7562: 7383: 6998: 6990: 6939: 6789: 6675: 6657: 6371: 6205: 6038: 5880: 5846: 5658: 5350: 4624: 4094: 3570: 3138: 1278: 1230: 1222: 1173: 1044: 1000: 947: 509: 450: 398: 345: 308: 301: 143: 103: 8610: 2464:"Observations on the behaviour and feeding habits of the springbok, 1771:"The late miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment" 1770: 8633: 7985: 7448: 7265: 7241: 6602: 6452: 6398: 6334: 6329: 6282: 6214: 6132: 6002: 5751: 5742: 5640: 5595: 5475: 5308: 5045: 4954: 4923: 4883: 4770: 4702: 4610: 4601: 3921: 3717: 3470: 3353: 3320: 3169: 3157: 1844: 1405: 1064: 1008: 901: 887: 719: 297: 293: 273: 123: 2386:

Sliwa, A.; Herbst, M. & Mills, M. (2010). "Black-footed cats (

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from overgrazing, declining South African springhare populations,

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unlikely to occur in Lesotho and Eswatini. It inhabits open, arid

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Report on surveying, catching and monitoring black-footed cats (

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Renard, A.; Lavoie, M.; Pitt, J. A. & Larivière, S. (2015).

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in parts of the South African Karoo, meaning 'anthill tiger'. A

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Sliwa, A.; Wilson, B.; Lamberski, N. & Lawrenz, A. (2013).

2323:. Vol. 3. Oregon: Winston Wildlife Safari. pp. 71–80. 2321:

The World's Cats: The Proceedings of an International Symposium

2293:. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN Cat specialist Group. pp. 8–10. 1473: 1235: 1166: 1128: 1052: 1027: 975: 920: 344:

based on skins of small, spotted cats that he encountered near

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since 2002. The population is suspected to be declining due to

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Sliwa, A. (1994). "Black-footed cat studies in South Africa".

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Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E. & Murphy, W. J. (2016).

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of all Felidae species indicates that they radiated at around

8881: 8453: 8312: 8255: 8128: 7931: 7788: 7415: 7397: 7020: 6690: 5939: 5924: 4585: 3876: 3371: 1657:. London: British Museum (Natural History). pp. 145–150. 1469: 1186: 1150: 1004: 943: 925: 382: 269: 261: 183: 76: 70: 2952:"Where cats glow green: Weird feline science in New Orleans" 7827: 6723: 6048: 5984: 3657: 3389: 3247: 2767: 2711: 2655: 2602: 1247: 394: 368:

in 1931, who described black-footed cat skins collected in

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Molteno, A.; Sliwa, A. & Richardson, P. R. K. (1998).

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Sliwa, A.; Wilson, B.; Küsters, M.; Tordiffe, A. (2020) .

5957: 5566: 3894: 2180:"The distribution of mammals in Natal. Part 2. Carnivora" 2140: 1281:

lasts 63 to 68 days. The female gives birth to up to two

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are 22–23 mm (0.87–0.91 in) long and the upper

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species that diverged, followed by the black-footed cat.

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Burchell, 1824) in the Kimberley Region, South Africa".

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Nowell, K. & Jackson, P. (1996). "Black-footed cat,

2108:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 75–82. 1288:

Wild female black-footed cats observed in the wild were

1853:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 59–82. 1396:

area. Between 1992 and 2018, 65 black-footed cats were

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throughout its range. Receptive females were observed

2005:. Pretoria: University of Pretoria. pp. 128–130. 1849:. In Macdonald, D. W. & Loveridge, A. J. (eds.). 950:

and the openings of the ears are larger than in most

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International Studbook for the Black-footed Cat 1994

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Report on surveying and catching black-footed cats (

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Wild Cats Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan

1892: 1436:

Several zoos reported breeding successes, including

2898:"Black-footed cats born: A first at Brookfield Zoo" 1218:the remains in hollows and covered them with sand. 2674: 2075:. New York: Taplinger Publishing. pp. 40–42. 1206:) without plucking. They plucked large birds like 307:The black-footed cat has been studied using radio 3078:Documentary: Meet the Deadliest Cat on the Planet 2832:International studbook for the black-footed cat ( 2252:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 30–33. 2062: 2060: 2058: 1691:observations and management of black-footed cats 1190:down to the ground and consumed small birds like 1089:legend claims that a black-footed cat can kill a 380:, he corroborated that the black-footed cat is a 8901: 4584: 2878:. Fresno Chaffee Zoo Corporation. Archived from 2852:. Cleveland Metroparks Zoo. 2012. Archived from 2749:Sliwa, A. (2018). "25 years of Black-footed Cat 2675:Sliwa, A.; Wilson, B. & Lawrenz, A. (2010). 2385: 2095: 1250:constituted about 2% of the prey mass consumed. 907:Its body is covered with dark spots and stripes. 2814: 2552: 2067:Guggisberg, C. A. W. (1975). "Black-footed Cat 1992: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1723:Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z. & Tobe, S. (2017). 1430:International Studbook for the Black-footed Cat 1080: 2055: 1840: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1558: 1556: 1539:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T8542A177944648.en 1264: 938:species. They are light green to dark yellow. 5448: 3289: 3122: 2461: 2398:. Oxford University Press. pp. 537–558. 2312: 2284: 2177: 1965:The Mammals of the Southern African Subregion 1963:. In Skinner, J. D.; Chimimba, C. T. (eds.). 1764: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1682: 272:of South Africa and described in 1824. It is 240:Distribution of the black-footed cat in 2016 3136: 2548: 2546: 2334:Sliwa, A. (2013). "Black-footed Lightning". 2308:. Vol. 24, no. 12. pp. 36–40. 2208: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 1981: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1269:In captivity, male black-footed cats become 376:reviewed cat skins in the collection of the 2869:"General Meeting of the Board of Directors" 2396:The Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids 1888: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1847:"Phylogeny and evolution of cats (Felidae)" 1831: 1553: 1461: 1127:objects, raking with claws, and depositing 985: 348:(now known as Dithakong), in South Africa. 3309: 3129: 3115: 2989:. Audubon Nature Institute. Archived from 2895: 2819:. Zoologischer Garten der Stadt Wuppertal. 2723:(Report). Black-footed Cat Working Group. 2686:(Report). Black-footed Cat Working Group. 2419: 2417: 2415: 2066: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1753: 1600: 1576:Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa 404: 231: 48: 29: 7532: 4021: 3204: 2748: 2624: 2583: 2543: 2504: 2483: 2440: 2370: 2318: 2197: 2162: 2009: 1918: 1661: 1628: 1537: 324: 296:of prey species for human consumption as 5878: 2980: 2949: 2866: 2096:Sunquist, M. & Sunquist, F. (2002). 1996: 1879: 1715: 1562: 1144: 1034: 1026: 1022: 893:A black-footed cat at the Cincinnati Zoo 16:Small wild cat native to Southern Africa 4952: 3715: 3236: 2918: 2829: 2815:Olbricht, G. & Schürer, U. (1994). 2412: 1935: 1851:Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids 8902: 8045: 6281: 3003: 2243: 2237: 1867:from the original on 25 September 2018 1683:Olbricht, G. & Sliwa, A. (1997). " 1641: 1509: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1497: 1185:small animals in a night. They killed 924:background colour from sandy and pale 300:, persecution, traffic accidents, and 8615: 8614: 7519: 6976: 6280: 5432: 4567: 4008: 3188: 3110: 2510: 2446: 2423: 2333: 2303: 2212: 2122:from the original on 21 December 2022 2028: 1954: 1426:European Endangered Species Programme 1051:mounds and dense cover in unoccupied 2962:from the original on 21 January 2018 2089: 1344:processes and usually culminates in 8950:Taxa named by William John Burchell 4499:South African small-spotted genet ( 2605:"Amyloidosis in black-footed cats ( 2266:from the original on 8 January 2024 1819:from the original on 4 October 2020 1525:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1494: 1140: 449:The black-footed cat is part of an 13: 2571:10.1111/j.1748-1090.1966.tb01744.x 2372:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1998.tb00069.x 2134: 1961:Burchell, 1824 (Black-footed cat)" 1709:10.1111/j.1748-1090.1997.tb01194.x 1376:The black-footed cat is listed on 1180:), being heavier than itself. Its 877: 280:steppes and grassland savannas of 14: 8961: 4843:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose ( 3024: 3012:. New Orleans Net. Archived from 2931:from the original on 14 July 2014 2730:from the original on 27 July 2020 2693:from the original on 27 July 2020 2492:from the original on 27 July 2020 1741:from the original on 30 July 2018 1582:from the original on 19 July 2023 1383: 364:by the South African mammalogist 336:was used by the British explorer 8910:IUCN Red List vulnerable species 4568: 3032:"Black-footed Cat Working Group" 2338:. No. June. pp. 27–31. 1149:Captive black-footed cat with a 900: 886: 90: 6977: 4009: 2997: 2974: 2943: 2912: 2889: 2860: 2842: 2823: 2808: 2761: 2742: 2705: 2668: 2649: 2596: 2577: 2455: 2379: 2342: 2327: 2297: 2278: 2171: 1415: 1371: 7520: 3094:Documentary: Black-footed cats 2485:10.1080/00445096.1972.11447448 1594: 1031:Adult black-footed cat resting 378:Natural History Museum, London 1: 4255:Malabar large-spotted civet ( 3052:IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group 1487: 1110:A female roams in an average 8517:Indonesian mountain weasel ( 8173:North American river otter ( 7061:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk ( 4115:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii 1997:Smithers, R. N. H. (1971). " 1618:Records of the Albany Museum 1039:Black-footed cat under cover 420:species revealed that their 7: 5378:Somalian slender mongoose ( 2613:Veterinary Pathology Online 1331: 1277:lasts around 36 hours, and 1265:Reproduction and life cycle 486:. Both models agree on the 10: 8966: 8925:Mammals of Southern Africa 8331:Asian small-clawed otter ( 7070:American hog-nosed skunk ( 7052:Molina's hog-nosed skunk ( 5360:Angolan slender mongoose ( 5055:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose ( 4104:Small-toothed palm civet ( 2902:Chicago Zoological Society 2774:African Journal of Ecology 2559:International Zoo Yearbook 2430:Der Zoologische Garten N.F 2187:Annals of the Natal Museum 1697:International Zoo Yearbook 1351: 1214:), ate for several hours, 456:that is estimated to have 8945:Mammals described in 1824 8623: 8416: 8365: 8356: 8310: 8286: 8253: 8236: 8212: 8161: 8144: 8127: 8098:Saharan striped polecat ( 8086: 8069: 8028: 7983: 7966: 7957: 7948: 7849: 7825: 7801: 7784: 7775: 7698: 7643: 7601: 7584: 7560: 7543: 7528: 7515: 7487: 7446: 7413: 7396: 7337: 7287: 7254: 7237: 7228: 7165: 7124: 7091: 7079:Striped hog-nosed skunk ( 7032: 7011: 6989: 6985: 6972: 6908: 6891: 6850: 6822: 6810:Mediterranean monk seal ( 6805: 6771: 6721: 6688: 6653: 6644: 6618: 6601: 6582: 6539:Juan Fernández fur seal ( 6503:South American fur seal ( 6491: 6474: 6450: 6438:South American sea lion ( 6433: 6396: 6379: 6370: 6346: 6318: 6296: 6292: 6276: 6240: 6213: 6204: 6145: 6119: 6110: 6086: 6062: 6047: 6036: 5937: 5911: 5863: 5820:South American gray fox ( 5790: 5764: 5740: 5723: 5708: 5693: 5556: 5523: 5506: 5497: 5464: 5444: 5428: 5396:Common slender mongoose ( 5348: 5306: 5262: 5166: 5140: 5131: 5076: 5043: 5026: 4993: 4976: 4943: 4922: 4881: 4869:Narrow-striped mongoose ( 4864: 4831: 4814: 4805: 4768: 4742: 4733: 4716: 4700: 4664: 4638: 4623: 4599: 4580: 4576: 4563: 4531: 4527: 4391:Crested servaline genet ( 4346: 4307: 4298: 4243: 4217: 4202: 4180: 4134: 4090: 4081: 4032: 4017: 4004: 3972: 3874: 3810: 3793: 3784: 3756: 3739: 3706: 3655: 3568: 3531: 3514: 3505: 3468: 3444: 3435: 3419: 3351: 3318: 3305: 3285: 3232: 3215: 3200: 3184: 3146: 2390:) and African wild cats ( 914:The black-footed cat has 848: 808: 770: 746: 717: 679: 659: 652: 623: 603: 596: 589: 582: 575: 568: 561: 550: 543: 536: 525: 239: 230: 212: 205: 87:Scientific classification 85: 68: 46: 37: 28: 23: 8454:Stoat/Beringian ermine ( 8322:African clawless otter ( 8074:African striped weasel ( 7887:Yellow-throated marten ( 7763:Formosan ferret-badger ( 7467:Western mountain coati ( 7458:Eastern mountain coati ( 7375:Western lowland olingo ( 7357:Eastern lowland olingo ( 7185:Southern spotted skunk ( 6879:Southern elephant seal ( 6870:Northern elephant seal ( 6660:Pagophilus groenlandicus 5437:("dog-like" carnivorans) 5250:Stripe-necked mongoose ( 4871:Mungotictis decemlineata 3746:Herpailurus yagouaroundi 3193:("cat-like" carnivorans) 1955:Mills, M. G. L. (2005). 1734:(Special Issue 11): 13. 1468:using frozen and thawed 1457:Audubon Nature Institute 1438:Cleveland Metroparks Zoo 1390:Kimberley, Northern Cape 1204:Chersomanes albofasciata 1077:Hystrix africaeaustralis 1057:South African springhare 1043:The black-footed cat is 990:The black-footed cat is 986:Distribution and habitat 494:) having been the first 8940:Mammals of South Africa 8499:Yellow-bellied weasel ( 7754:Burmese ferret-badger ( 7736:Chinese ferret-badger ( 7727:Bornean ferret badger ( 7718:Vietnam ferret-badger ( 7203:Eastern spotted skunk ( 7194:Western spotted skunk ( 6924:Leptonychotes weddellii 6566:Subantarctic fur seal ( 6512:Australasian fur seal ( 5336:Black-footed mongoose ( 5318:Bushy-tailed mongoose ( 5267:White-tailed mongoose ( 5205:Indian brown mongoose ( 5187:Short-tailed mongoose ( 5178:Small Indian mongoose ( 5115:Flat-headed kusimanse ( 5088:Alexander's kusimanse ( 5064:Common dwarf mongoose ( 5031:Pousargues's mongoose ( 4893:Brown-tailed mongoose ( 4852:Grandidier's mongoose ( 4106:Arctogalidia trivirgata 3330:Sunda clouded leopard ( 2231:10.1078/1616-5047-00124 2164:10.1093/mspecies/sev008 2003:The Mammals of Botswana 1797:10.1126/science.1122277 1652:Catalogue of the genus 1340:, which causes chronic 810:other Felinae lineages 442:16.76 to 6.46 431:14.45 to 8.38 405:Phylogeny and evolution 260:, is the smallest wild 8340:Congo clawless otter ( 8243:Hydrictis maculicollis 8241:Spotted-necked otter ( 8200:Southern river otter ( 8151:Pteronura brasiliensis 7914:European pine marten ( 7425:South American coati ( 7153:Palawan stink badger ( 6479:New Zealand sea lion ( 5544:Japanese raccoon dog ( 5241:Crab-eating mongoose ( 5196:Indian grey mongoose ( 4819:Ring-tailed vontsira ( 4630:(bone-crushing hyenas) 4325:Central African oyan ( 3886:Chinese mountain cat ( 2466:Antidorcas marsupialis 2462:Bigalke, R.C. (1972). 2250:Wild Cats of the World 2178:Pringle, J.A. (1977). 2106:Wild Cats of the World 2073:Wild Cats of the World 1642:Pocock, R. I. (1951). 1472:and frozen and thawed 1462: 1227:Antidorcas marsupialis 1208:northern black korhaan 1153: 1081: 1040: 1032: 482:6.52 to 1.03 471:4.44 to 2.16 422:evolutionary radiation 325:Taxonomy and phylogeny 8869:Paleobiology Database 8580:Back-striped weasel ( 8526:Black-footed ferret ( 8298:Smooth-coated otter ( 8076:Poecilogale albinucha 7745:Javan ferret-badger ( 7631:Sumatran hog badger ( 7613:Northern hog badger ( 7307:Crab-eating raccoon ( 7212:Pygmy spotted skunk ( 6933:Lobodon carcinophagus 6669:Histriophoca fasciata 6462:Australian sea lion ( 6408:California sea lion ( 6157:American black bear ( 5899:Black-backed jackal ( 5890:Side-striped jackal ( 5730:Chrysocyon brachyurus 5154:Long-nosed mongoose ( 4427:Rusty-spotted genet ( 4264:Large-spotted civet ( 4113:Sulawesi palm civet ( 4042:Owston's palm civet ( 3616:Andean mountain cat ( 2981:Burnette, S. (2011). 2950:Jeffries, A. (2013). 2867:Condoian, L. (2011). 2856:on 20 September 2013. 2147:(Carnivora: Felidae)" 1911:10.1101/gr.186668.114 1532:: e.T8542A177944648. 1148: 1038: 1030: 1023:Behaviour and ecology 1007:and the southwestern 424:began in Asia in the 374:Reginald Innes Pocock 342:described the species 338:William John Burchell 8395:Long-tailed weasel ( 7973:Lyncodon patagonicus 7622:Greater hog badger ( 7144:Sunda stink badger ( 6834:Hawaiian monk seal ( 6557:Guadalupe fur seal ( 6530:Antarctic fur seal ( 6521:Galápagos fur seal ( 6417:Galápagos sea lion ( 5535:Common raccoon dog ( 5387:Cape gray mongoose ( 5327:Jackson's mongoose ( 5287:Paracynictis selousi 5278:Cynictis penicillata 4902:Durrell's vontsira ( 4490:Giant forest genet ( 4282:Large Indian civet ( 4222:Small Indian civet ( 3831:Sunda leopard cat ( 3607:Southern tiger cat ( 3543:African golden cat ( 3220:African palm civet ( 2993:on 18 February 2014. 2987:AudubonInstitute.org 2919:Rearick, K. (2014). 2885:on 14 November 2011. 2876:FresnoChaffeeZoo.org 2830:Stadler, A. (2011). 1362:intraguild predation 682:Chinese mountain cat 458:genetically diverged 8930:Mammals of Botswana 8438:M. aistoodonnivalis 8274:Hairy-nosed otter ( 8191:Neotropical otter ( 7971:Patagonian weasel ( 7434:White-nosed coati ( 6634:Cystophora cristata 6625:Erignathus barbatus 6358:Northern fur seal ( 6135:Helarctos malayanus 5771:Atelocynus microtis 5478:U. cinereoargenteus 5369:Egyptian mongoose ( 5296:Rhynchogale melleri 5294:Meller's mongoose ( 5285:Selous's mongoose ( 5269:Ichneumia albicauda 5223:Collared mongoose ( 5097:Angolan kusimanse ( 4981:Liberian mongoose ( 4334:West African oyan ( 4233:Civettictis civetta 4164:Golden palm civet ( 4122:Masked palm civet ( 4097:Arctictis binturong 4071:Hemigalus derbyanus 4069:Banded palm civet ( 4060:Hose's palm civet ( 3849:Rusty-spotted cat ( 3016:on 20 January 2018. 3004:Waller, M. (2012). 2896:Katzen, S. (2012). 2786:2018AfJEc..56..895S 2626:10.1354/vp.45-3-393 2244:Hunter, L. (2015). 2071:(Burchell, 1842)". 1789:2006Sci...311...73J 1480:after interspecies 1358:habitat destruction 1310:black-backed jackal 1290:receptive to mating 319:Southern Hemisphere 256:), also called the 40:Conservation status 8935:Mammals of Namibia 8553:European polecat ( 8386:Colombian weasel ( 8036:(African polecats) 7664:Caucasian badger ( 7592:(Eurasian badgers) 7042:(hog-nosed skunks) 6779:("southern seals") 6678:Halichoerus grypus 6609:("northern seals") 6481:Phocarctos hookeri 6386:Eumetopias jubatus 6384:Steller sea lion ( 6166:Asian black bear ( 5916:African wild dog ( 5870:(wolf-like canids) 5147:Atilax paludinosus 5106:Common kusimanse ( 5033:Dologale dybowskii 5005:Gambian mongoose ( 4789:Western falanouc ( 4780:Eastern falanouc ( 4749:Cryptoprocta ferox 4654:Parahyaena brunnea 4409:Johnston's genet ( 4364:Abyssinian genet ( 4316:(African linsangs) 4224:Viverricula indica 4155:Brown palm civet ( 4146:Asian palm civet ( 4053:Cynogale bennettii 4044:Chrotogale owstoni 3940:European wildcat ( 3931:Black-footed cat ( 3521:Leptailurus serval 3489:Asian golden cat ( 3255:(Asiatic linsangs) 3086:. 25 October 2018. 2925:South Jersey Times 2529:10.1007/BF03192671 2359:Journal of Zoology 2246:"Black-footed Cat" 2098:"Black-footed cat 2029:Sliwa, A. (2013). 2001:Blackfooted Cat". 1442:Fresno Chaffee Zoo 1410:Proteles cristatus 1259:Malacothrix typica 1240:harvester termites 1234:the inner organs. 1182:energy requirement 1154: 1104:Vachellia erioloba 1041: 1033: 980:Leptailurus serval 479:species at around 360:was proposed as a 286:vulnerable species 8897: 8896: 8856:Open Tree of Life 8617:Taxon identifiers 8608: 8607: 8604: 8603: 8600: 8599: 8596: 8595: 8592: 8591: 8571:Siberian weasel ( 8562:American ermine ( 8490:Japanese weasel ( 8445:Mountain weasel ( 8429: 8352: 8351: 8138: 8123: 8122: 8119: 8118: 8107:Striped polecat ( 8057:Marbled polecat ( 8039: 8024: 8023: 7996: 7944: 7943: 7923:Japanese marten ( 7869:American marten ( 7862: 7720:M. cucphuongensis 7711: 7694: 7693: 7682:European badger ( 7655:Japanese badger ( 7595: 7548:American badger ( 7511: 7510: 7507: 7506: 7483: 7482: 7479: 7478: 7407: 7366:Northern olingo ( 7350: 7325:Cozumel raccoon ( 7300: 7224: 7223: 7178: 7137: 7045: 7026: 6968: 6967: 6964: 6963: 6960: 6959: 6956: 6955: 6952: 6951: 6942:Ommatophoca rossi 6915:Hydrurga leptonyx 6902: 6899:(Antarctic seals) 6872:M. angustirostris 6863: 6846: 6845: 6812:Monachus monachus 6799: 6782: 6767: 6766: 6763: 6762: 6612: 6595: 6578: 6577: 6440:Otaria flavescens 6429: 6428: 6340: 6308:Odobenus rosmarus 6272: 6271: 6268: 6267: 6264: 6263: 6260: 6259: 6223: 6200: 6199: 6196: 6195: 6098:Spectacled bear ( 6056: 6032: 6031: 6028: 6027: 6024: 6023: 5872: 5859: 5858: 5778:Crab-eating fox ( 5769:Short-eared dog ( 5717: 5702: 5689: 5688: 5571: 5513:Otocyon megalotis 5457: 5424: 5423: 5420: 5419: 5416: 5415: 5412: 5411: 5408: 5407: 5276:Yellow mongoose ( 5127: 5126: 5014:Banded mongoose ( 4983:Liberiictus kuhni 4937: 4918: 4917: 4914: 4913: 4801: 4800: 4727: 4696: 4695: 4692: 4691: 4688: 4687: 4632: 4593: 4559: 4558: 4555: 4554: 4551: 4550: 4523: 4522: 4519: 4518: 4515: 4514: 4511: 4510: 4463:Servaline genet ( 4382:Bourlon's genet ( 4357: 4318: 4294: 4293: 4176: 4175: 4148:P. hermaphroditus 4000: 3999: 3996: 3995: 3992: 3991: 3968: 3967: 3964: 3963: 3960: 3959: 3956: 3955: 3952: 3951: 3913:African wildcat ( 3870: 3869: 3840:Flat-headed cat ( 3780: 3779: 3564: 3563: 3501: 3500: 3415: 3414: 3411: 3410: 3339:Clouded leopard ( 3298: 3273:Spotted linsang ( 3257: 3222:Nandinia binotata 2908:on 31 March 2012. 2794:10.1111/aje.12564 2557:) in captivity". 2517:Acta Theriologica 2336:Africa Geographic 2289:Burchell, 1824". 2259:978-1-4729-2285-4 2219:Mammalian Biology 2151:Mammalian Species 2102:(Burchell, 1824)" 2082:978-0-8008-8324-9 2048:978-1-4081-8994-8 2039:Mammals of Africa 2035:Black-footed cat" 1860:978-0-19-923445-5 1602:Shortridge, G. C. 1212:Afrotis afraoides 1200:spike-heeled lark 1192:Cape clapper lark 875: 874: 870: 869: 861: 860: 837: 836: 828: 827: 819: 818: 797: 796: 788: 787: 759: 758: 735: 734: 706: 705: 697: 696: 641: 640: 484:million years ago 473:million years ago 444:million years ago 437:mitochondrial DNA 433:million years ago 366:Guy C. Shortridge 304:by herding dogs. 258:small-spotted cat 244: 243: 80: 63: 24:Black-footed cat 8957: 8920:Felids of Africa 8890: 8889: 8877: 8876: 8864: 8863: 8851: 8850: 8838: 8837: 8825: 8824: 8812: 8811: 8799: 8798: 8786: 8785: 8773: 8772: 8760: 8759: 8747: 8746: 8734: 8733: 8721: 8720: 8711: 8710: 8698: 8697: 8685: 8684: 8672: 8671: 8659: 8658: 8657: 8644: 8643: 8642: 8612: 8611: 8544:Malayan weasel ( 8463:Steppe polecat ( 8436:Sichuan weasel ( 8428: 8427: 8423: 8363: 8362: 8300:L. perspicillata 8265:Eurasian otter ( 8142: 8141: 8137: 8136: 8132: 8043: 8042: 8038: 8037: 8033: 8012:Greater grison ( 7995: 7994: 7990: 7964: 7963: 7955: 7954: 7905:Nilgiri marten ( 7878:Pacific marten ( 7861: 7860: 7856: 7782: 7781: 7765:M. subaurantiaca 7710: 7709: 7708:(ferret-badgers) 7705: 7599: 7598: 7594: 7593: 7589: 7541: 7540: 7530: 7529: 7517: 7516: 7411: 7410: 7406: 7405: 7401: 7349: 7348: 7344: 7299: 7298: 7294: 7235: 7234: 7177: 7176: 7175:(spotted skunks) 7172: 7136: 7135: 7131: 7044: 7043: 7039: 7030: 7029: 7025: 7024: 7016: 6987: 6986: 6974: 6973: 6931:Crabeater seal ( 6906: 6905: 6901: 6900: 6896: 6862: 6861: 6860:(elephant seals) 6857: 6836:N. schauinslandi 6803: 6802: 6798: 6797: 6793: 6786: 6785: 6781: 6780: 6776: 6651: 6650: 6616: 6615: 6611: 6610: 6606: 6599: 6598: 6594: 6593: 6587: 6548:Brown fur seal ( 6523:A. galapagoensis 6410:Z. californianus 6377: 6376: 6344: 6343: 6339: 6338: 6324: 6294: 6293: 6286: 6278: 6277: 6222: 6221: 6217: 6211: 6210: 6126:Melursus ursinus 6117: 6116: 6060: 6059: 6055: 6052: 6045: 6044: 6012:Ethiopian wolf ( 5876: 5875: 5871: 5868: 5721: 5720: 5716: 5713: 5706: 5705: 5701: 5698: 5587:Blanford's fox ( 5570: 5563: 5504: 5503: 5462: 5461: 5456: 5453: 5446: 5445: 5438: 5430: 5429: 5232:Ruddy mongoose ( 5214:Javan mongoose ( 5145:Marsh mongoose ( 5138: 5137: 5117:C. platycephalus 4950: 4949: 4941: 4940: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4812: 4811: 4756:Malagasy civet ( 4740: 4739: 4731: 4730: 4726: 4721: 4714: 4713: 4709: 4636: 4635: 4631: 4628: 4597: 4596: 4592: 4589: 4582: 4581: 4578: 4577: 4565: 4564: 4529: 4528: 4356: 4353: 4317: 4314: 4305: 4304: 4215: 4214: 4211: 4200: 4199: 4195: 4182: 4181: 4088: 4087: 4030: 4029: 4019: 4018: 4006: 4005: 3800:Otocolobus manul 3791: 3790: 3713: 3712: 3589:Geoffroy's cat ( 3512: 3511: 3442: 3441: 3433: 3432: 3428: 3316: 3315: 3307: 3306: 3303: 3302: 3297: 3294: 3287: 3286: 3264:Banded linsang ( 3256: 3253: 3245: 3244: 3234: 3233: 3213: 3212: 3202: 3201: 3194: 3186: 3185: 3131: 3124: 3117: 3108: 3107: 3103: 3087: 3071: 3055: 3039: 3036:Wild Cat Network 3018: 3017: 3001: 2995: 2994: 2978: 2972: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2947: 2941: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2916: 2910: 2909: 2904:. Archived from 2893: 2887: 2886: 2884: 2873: 2864: 2858: 2857: 2846: 2840: 2839: 2827: 2821: 2820: 2812: 2806: 2805: 2765: 2759: 2758: 2746: 2740: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2729: 2722: 2709: 2703: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2692: 2685: 2672: 2666: 2665: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2628: 2600: 2594: 2593: 2581: 2575: 2574: 2550: 2541: 2540: 2508: 2502: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2487: 2459: 2453: 2452: 2444: 2438: 2437: 2421: 2410: 2409: 2392:Felis silvestris 2383: 2377: 2376: 2374: 2346: 2340: 2339: 2331: 2325: 2324: 2316: 2310: 2309: 2301: 2295: 2294: 2282: 2276: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2241: 2235: 2234: 2210: 2195: 2194: 2184: 2175: 2169: 2168: 2166: 2138: 2132: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2093: 2087: 2086: 2064: 2053: 2052: 2026: 2007: 2006: 1994: 1979: 1978: 1952: 1933: 1932: 1922: 1890: 1877: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1842: 1829: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1766: 1751: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1740: 1729: 1719: 1713: 1712: 1680: 1659: 1658: 1639: 1626: 1625: 1614:nigripes thomasi 1598: 1592: 1591: 1589: 1587: 1560: 1551: 1550: 1548: 1546: 1541: 1511: 1465: 1450:Philadelphia Zoo 1378:CITES Appendix I 1324:) and nocturnal 1141:Hunting and diet 1093:by piercing its 1084: 1069:Orycteropus afer 1061:Pedetes capensis 904: 890: 749:Black-footed cat 655: 654: 626:European wildcat 599: 598: 592: 591: 585: 584: 578: 577: 571: 570: 564: 563: 553: 552: 546: 545: 539: 538: 528: 527: 520: 519: 515: 514: 485: 474: 445: 434: 412:analysis of the 358:nigripes thomasi 340:in 1824 when he 248:black-footed cat 235: 218: 198:F. nigripes 95: 94: 74: 57: 52: 51: 33: 21: 20: 8965: 8964: 8960: 8959: 8958: 8956: 8955: 8954: 8900: 8899: 8898: 8893: 8885: 8880: 8872: 8867: 8859: 8854: 8846: 8843:Observation.org 8841: 8833: 8828: 8820: 8815: 8807: 8802: 8794: 8789: 8781: 8776: 8768: 8763: 8755: 8750: 8742: 8737: 8729: 8724: 8716: 8714: 8706: 8701: 8693: 8688: 8680: 8675: 8667: 8662: 8653: 8652: 8647: 8638: 8637: 8632: 8619: 8609: 8588: 8564:M. richardsonii 8508:European mink ( 8425: 8424: 8422: 8412: 8404:American mink ( 8377:Amazon weasel ( 8348: 8306: 8282: 8249: 8232: 8208: 8157: 8134: 8133: 8131: 8115: 8082: 8065: 8035: 8034: 8032: 8020: 8003:Lesser grison ( 7992: 7991: 7989: 7979: 7940: 7858: 7857: 7855: 7845: 7821: 7797: 7771: 7707: 7706: 7704: 7690: 7639: 7591: 7590: 7588: 7580: 7556: 7537: 7524: 7503: 7475: 7442: 7403: 7402: 7400: 7392: 7346: 7345: 7343: 7333: 7296: 7295: 7293: 7283: 7250: 7220: 7187:S. angustifrons 7174: 7173: 7171: 7161: 7134:(stink badgers) 7133: 7132: 7130: 7120: 7112:Striped skunk ( 7087: 7081:C. semistriatus 7041: 7040: 7038: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7007: 7001:Ailurus fulgens 6981: 6948: 6898: 6897: 6895: 6887: 6859: 6858: 6856: 6842: 6818: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6778: 6777: 6775: 6759: 6717: 6684: 6640: 6608: 6607: 6605: 6591: 6589: 6588: 6586: 6574: 6487: 6470: 6446: 6425: 6392: 6366: 6333: 6328: 6326: 6325: 6323: 6319: 6314: 6288: 6284: 6256: 6236: 6219: 6218: 6192: 6141: 6106: 6082: 6053: 6051: 6041: 6020: 5949:Golden jackal ( 5933: 5907: 5869: 5867: 5855: 5786: 5780:Cerdocyon thous 5760: 5736: 5714: 5712: 5699: 5697: 5685: 5650:Rüppell's fox ( 5564: 5562: 5552: 5537:N. procyonoides 5519: 5511:Bat-eared fox ( 5493: 5458: 5454: 5440: 5436: 5404: 5389:H. pulverulenta 5344: 5302: 5258: 5225:U. semitorquata 5180:U. auropunctata 5162: 5123: 5072: 5039: 5022: 4989: 4972: 4934: 4932: 4927: 4926: 4910: 4877: 4860: 4827: 4821:Galidia elegans 4797: 4764: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4710: 4705: 4684: 4676:Spotted hyena ( 4660: 4643:Striped hyena ( 4629: 4627: 4619: 4590: 4588: 4572: 4547: 4507: 4445:Aquatic genet ( 4436:Pardine genet ( 4373:Angolan genet ( 4354: 4352: 4342: 4327:P. richardsonii 4315: 4313: 4290: 4273:Malayan civet ( 4239: 4231:African civet ( 4207: 4206: 4196: 4191: 4190: 4186: 4172: 4130: 4077: 4062:Diplogale hosei 4026: 4013: 3988: 3948: 3866: 3806: 3786: 3776: 3752: 3735: 3708: 3702: 3676:Eurasian lynx ( 3651: 3560: 3527: 3507: 3497: 3464: 3437: 3429: 3424: 3407: 3347: 3299: 3295: 3281: 3254: 3241: 3228: 3209: 3196: 3192: 3180: 3142: 3135: 3100:Wildlife Wonder 3090: 3074: 3058: 3042: 3030: 3027: 3022: 3021: 3002: 2998: 2979: 2975: 2965: 2963: 2948: 2944: 2934: 2932: 2917: 2913: 2894: 2890: 2882: 2871: 2865: 2861: 2848: 2847: 2843: 2828: 2824: 2813: 2809: 2766: 2762: 2747: 2743: 2733: 2731: 2727: 2720: 2710: 2706: 2696: 2694: 2690: 2683: 2673: 2669: 2654: 2650: 2601: 2597: 2582: 2578: 2551: 2544: 2509: 2505: 2495: 2493: 2472:African Zoology 2460: 2456: 2445: 2441: 2422: 2413: 2406: 2384: 2380: 2347: 2343: 2332: 2328: 2317: 2313: 2302: 2298: 2283: 2279: 2269: 2267: 2260: 2242: 2238: 2211: 2198: 2182: 2176: 2172: 2139: 2135: 2125: 2123: 2116: 2094: 2090: 2083: 2065: 2056: 2049: 2027: 2010: 1995: 1982: 1975: 1953: 1936: 1899:Genome Research 1891: 1880: 1870: 1868: 1861: 1843: 1832: 1822: 1820: 1783:(5757): 73–77. 1767: 1754: 1744: 1742: 1738: 1727: 1720: 1716: 1681: 1662: 1640: 1629: 1599: 1595: 1585: 1583: 1564:Burchell, W. J. 1561: 1554: 1544: 1542: 1512: 1495: 1490: 1482:embryo transfer 1418: 1386: 1374: 1354: 1334: 1322:Caracal caracal 1314:Canis mesomelas 1298:deciduous teeth 1271:sexually mature 1267: 1143: 1025: 988: 968:African wildcat 912: 911: 910: 909: 908: 905: 896: 895: 894: 891: 880: 878:Characteristics 871: 862: 838: 829: 820: 798: 789: 760: 736: 707: 698: 662:African wildcat 642: 480: 469: 468:species around 462:common ancestor 440: 429: 407: 370:Griqualand West 331:scientific name 327: 282:Southern Africa 226: 220: 214: 201: 89: 81: 64: 53: 49: 42: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8963: 8953: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8895: 8894: 8892: 8891: 8878: 8865: 8852: 8839: 8826: 8813: 8800: 8787: 8774: 8761: 8748: 8735: 8722: 8712: 8699: 8686: 8682:felis-nigripes 8673: 8669:Felis_nigripes 8660: 8655:Felis nigripes 8645: 8629: 8627: 8625:Felis nigripes 8621: 8620: 8606: 8605: 8602: 8601: 8598: 8597: 8594: 8593: 8590: 8589: 8587: 8586: 8582:M. strigidorsa 8577: 8568: 8559: 8550: 8541: 8535:Least weasel ( 8532: 8523: 8514: 8505: 8496: 8487: 8481:Haida ermine ( 8478: 8469: 8465:M. eversmannii 8460: 8451: 8442: 8432: 8430: 8414: 8413: 8411: 8410: 8401: 8392: 8383: 8373: 8371: 8360: 8354: 8353: 8350: 8349: 8347: 8346: 8337: 8328: 8318: 8316: 8308: 8307: 8305: 8304: 8294: 8292: 8284: 8283: 8281: 8280: 8271: 8261: 8259: 8251: 8250: 8248: 8247: 8237: 8234: 8233: 8231: 8230: 8220: 8218: 8210: 8209: 8207: 8206: 8197: 8193:L. longicaudis 8188: 8182:Marine otter ( 8179: 8169: 8167: 8159: 8158: 8156: 8155: 8145: 8139: 8125: 8124: 8121: 8120: 8117: 8116: 8114: 8113: 8104: 8094: 8092: 8084: 8083: 8081: 8080: 8070: 8067: 8066: 8064: 8063: 8053: 8051: 8040: 8026: 8025: 8022: 8021: 8019: 8018: 8009: 7999: 7997: 7981: 7980: 7978: 7977: 7967: 7961: 7952: 7946: 7945: 7942: 7941: 7939: 7938: 7929: 7920: 7911: 7902: 7896:Beech marten ( 7893: 7884: 7875: 7865: 7863: 7847: 7846: 7844: 7843: 7833: 7831: 7823: 7822: 7820: 7819: 7809: 7807: 7799: 7798: 7796: 7795: 7785: 7779: 7773: 7772: 7770: 7769: 7760: 7751: 7742: 7733: 7724: 7714: 7712: 7696: 7695: 7692: 7691: 7689: 7688: 7679: 7673:Asian badger ( 7670: 7661: 7651: 7649: 7641: 7640: 7638: 7637: 7628: 7619: 7615:A. albogularis 7609: 7607: 7596: 7582: 7581: 7579: 7578: 7572:Honey badger ( 7568: 7566: 7558: 7557: 7555: 7554: 7544: 7538: 7533: 7526: 7525: 7513: 7512: 7509: 7508: 7505: 7504: 7502: 7501: 7500: 7499: 7493: 7491: 7485: 7484: 7481: 7480: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7473: 7464: 7454: 7452: 7444: 7443: 7441: 7440: 7431: 7421: 7419: 7408: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7390: 7381: 7372: 7363: 7353: 7351: 7335: 7334: 7332: 7331: 7322: 7313: 7309:P. cancrivorus 7303: 7301: 7285: 7284: 7282: 7281: 7277:B. sumichrasti 7272: 7262: 7260: 7252: 7251: 7249: 7248: 7238: 7232: 7226: 7225: 7222: 7221: 7219: 7218: 7209: 7200: 7191: 7181: 7179: 7163: 7162: 7160: 7159: 7150: 7140: 7138: 7122: 7121: 7119: 7118: 7109: 7103:Hooded skunk ( 7099: 7097: 7089: 7088: 7086: 7085: 7076: 7067: 7058: 7048: 7046: 7027: 7009: 7008: 7006: 7005: 6995: 6993: 6983: 6982: 6970: 6969: 6966: 6965: 6962: 6961: 6958: 6957: 6954: 6953: 6950: 6949: 6947: 6946: 6937: 6928: 6922:Weddell seal ( 6919: 6913:Leopard seal ( 6909: 6903: 6889: 6888: 6886: 6885: 6876: 6866: 6864: 6848: 6847: 6844: 6843: 6841: 6840: 6830: 6828: 6820: 6819: 6817: 6816: 6806: 6800: 6783: 6769: 6768: 6765: 6764: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6757: 6748: 6739: 6733:Caspian seal ( 6729: 6727: 6719: 6718: 6716: 6715: 6706: 6700:Spotted seal ( 6696: 6694: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6682: 6673: 6664: 6654: 6648: 6642: 6641: 6639: 6638: 6629: 6623:Bearded seal ( 6619: 6613: 6596: 6592:or true seals) 6590:(earless seals 6580: 6579: 6576: 6575: 6573: 6572: 6563: 6554: 6545: 6536: 6527: 6518: 6509: 6499: 6497: 6489: 6488: 6486: 6485: 6475: 6472: 6471: 6469: 6468: 6458: 6456: 6448: 6447: 6445: 6444: 6434: 6431: 6430: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6423: 6414: 6404: 6402: 6394: 6393: 6391: 6390: 6380: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6365: 6364: 6354: 6352: 6341: 6316: 6315: 6313: 6312: 6302: 6300: 6290: 6289: 6274: 6273: 6270: 6269: 6266: 6265: 6262: 6261: 6258: 6257: 6255: 6254: 6253: 6252: 6246: 6244: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6234: 6233: 6232: 6226: 6224: 6208: 6202: 6201: 6198: 6197: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6190: 6181: 6172: 6163: 6153: 6151: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6139: 6130: 6120: 6114: 6108: 6107: 6105: 6104: 6094: 6092: 6084: 6083: 6081: 6080: 6076:A. melanoleuca 6070: 6068: 6057: 6042: 6037: 6034: 6033: 6030: 6029: 6026: 6025: 6022: 6021: 6019: 6018: 6009: 6000: 5994:Eastern wolf ( 5991: 5982: 5976:African wolf ( 5973: 5964: 5958:Domestic dog ( 5955: 5945: 5943: 5935: 5934: 5932: 5931: 5922: 5912: 5909: 5908: 5906: 5905: 5896: 5886: 5884: 5873: 5861: 5860: 5857: 5856: 5854: 5853: 5844: 5838:Sechuran fox ( 5835: 5831:L. gymnocercus 5826: 5817: 5811:Darwin's fox ( 5808: 5798: 5796: 5788: 5787: 5785: 5784: 5775: 5765: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5758: 5748: 5746: 5738: 5737: 5735: 5734: 5724: 5718: 5703: 5691: 5690: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5683: 5674: 5665: 5656: 5647: 5638: 5629: 5620: 5611: 5602: 5593: 5584: 5580:V. bengalensis 5574: 5572: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5550: 5541: 5531: 5529: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5517: 5507: 5501: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5491: 5482: 5472: 5470: 5459: 5449: 5442: 5441: 5426: 5425: 5422: 5421: 5418: 5417: 5414: 5413: 5410: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5403: 5402: 5393: 5384: 5375: 5366: 5356: 5354: 5346: 5345: 5343: 5342: 5333: 5324: 5320:B. crassicauda 5314: 5312: 5304: 5303: 5301: 5300: 5291: 5282: 5273: 5263: 5260: 5259: 5257: 5256: 5247: 5238: 5229: 5220: 5211: 5202: 5193: 5184: 5174: 5172: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5160: 5151: 5141: 5135: 5129: 5128: 5125: 5124: 5122: 5121: 5112: 5103: 5094: 5084: 5082: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5070: 5061: 5051: 5049: 5041: 5040: 5038: 5037: 5027: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5020: 5011: 5001: 4999: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4987: 4977: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4970: 4960: 4958: 4947: 4938: 4920: 4919: 4916: 4915: 4912: 4911: 4909: 4908: 4899: 4889: 4887: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4875: 4865: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4858: 4854:G. grandidieri 4849: 4839: 4837: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4825: 4815: 4809: 4803: 4802: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4795: 4786: 4776: 4774: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4762: 4753: 4743: 4737: 4728: 4711: 4701: 4698: 4697: 4694: 4693: 4690: 4689: 4686: 4685: 4683: 4682: 4672: 4670: 4662: 4661: 4659: 4658: 4649: 4639: 4633: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4617: 4607: 4605: 4594: 4574: 4573: 4561: 4560: 4557: 4556: 4553: 4552: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4545: 4544: 4543: 4537: 4535: 4525: 4524: 4521: 4520: 4517: 4516: 4513: 4512: 4509: 4508: 4506: 4505: 4496: 4487: 4478: 4469: 4460: 4451: 4442: 4433: 4424: 4418:Letaba genet ( 4415: 4406: 4400:Common genet ( 4397: 4388: 4379: 4370: 4360: 4358: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4340: 4331: 4321: 4319: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4292: 4291: 4289: 4288: 4279: 4270: 4261: 4251: 4249: 4241: 4240: 4238: 4237: 4228: 4218: 4212: 4197: 4185: 4178: 4177: 4174: 4173: 4171: 4170: 4166:P. zeylonensis 4161: 4152: 4142: 4140: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4128: 4124:Paguma larvata 4119: 4110: 4101: 4091: 4085: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4075: 4066: 4057: 4048: 4038: 4036: 4027: 4022: 4015: 4014: 4002: 4001: 3998: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3986: 3985: 3984: 3978: 3976: 3970: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3962: 3961: 3958: 3957: 3954: 3953: 3950: 3949: 3947: 3946: 3937: 3928: 3919: 3910: 3901: 3895:Domestic cat ( 3892: 3882: 3880: 3872: 3871: 3868: 3867: 3865: 3864: 3855: 3851:P. rubiginosus 3846: 3837: 3828: 3824:P. bengalensis 3818: 3816: 3808: 3807: 3805: 3804: 3798:Pallas's cat ( 3794: 3788: 3782: 3781: 3778: 3777: 3775: 3774: 3764: 3762: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3750: 3740: 3737: 3736: 3734: 3733: 3723: 3721: 3710: 3704: 3703: 3701: 3700: 3691: 3685:Iberian lynx ( 3682: 3673: 3663: 3661: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3649: 3640: 3631: 3622: 3613: 3604: 3595: 3586: 3576: 3574: 3566: 3565: 3562: 3561: 3559: 3558: 3549: 3539: 3537: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3525: 3515: 3509: 3503: 3502: 3499: 3498: 3496: 3495: 3486: 3476: 3474: 3466: 3465: 3463: 3462: 3452: 3450: 3439: 3430: 3420: 3417: 3416: 3413: 3412: 3409: 3408: 3406: 3405: 3396: 3387: 3378: 3369: 3363:Snow leopard ( 3359: 3357: 3349: 3348: 3346: 3345: 3336: 3326: 3324: 3313: 3300: 3290: 3283: 3282: 3280: 3279: 3270: 3260: 3258: 3242: 3237: 3230: 3229: 3227: 3226: 3216: 3210: 3205: 3198: 3197: 3182: 3181: 3179: 3178: 3176:Laurasiatheria 3172: 3166: 3160: 3154: 3147: 3144: 3143: 3134: 3133: 3126: 3119: 3111: 3105: 3104: 3102:. 18 May 2015. 3088: 3072: 3062:Felis nigripes 3056: 3046:Felis nigripes 3040: 3026: 3025:External links 3023: 3020: 3019: 2996: 2973: 2942: 2911: 2888: 2859: 2841: 2834:Felis nigripes 2822: 2807: 2780:(4): 895–897. 2770:Felis nigripes 2760: 2751:Felis nigripes 2741: 2716:Felis nigripes 2704: 2679:Felis nigripes 2667: 2658:Felis nigripes 2648: 2619:(3): 393–400. 2607:Felis nigripes 2595: 2576: 2565:(6): 178–182. 2555:Felis nigripes 2542: 2523:(2): 195–204. 2513:Felis nigripes 2503: 2478:(1): 333–359. 2454: 2439: 2426:Felis nigripes 2411: 2404: 2388:Felis nigripes 2378: 2353:Felis nigripes 2341: 2326: 2311: 2296: 2287:Felis nigripes 2277: 2258: 2236: 2215:Felis nigripes 2196: 2170: 2157:(925): 78–83. 2145:Felis nigripes 2133: 2114: 2100:Felis nigripes 2088: 2081: 2069:Felis nigripes 2054: 2047: 2033:Felis nigripes 2008: 1999:Felis nigripes 1980: 1974:978-0521844185 1973: 1959:Felis nigripes 1934: 1878: 1859: 1830: 1752: 1714: 1693:Felis nigripes 1660: 1646:Felis nigripes 1627: 1593: 1570:Felis nigripes 1552: 1518:Felis nigripes 1492: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1446:Brookfield Zoo 1417: 1414: 1398:radio-collared 1385: 1384:Field research 1382: 1373: 1370: 1353: 1350: 1346:kidney failure 1338:AA amyloidosis 1333: 1330: 1266: 1263: 1196:Mirafra apiata 1178:Lepus capensis 1142: 1139: 1121:spraying urine 1073:Cape porcupine 1024: 1021: 999:and semi-arid 987: 984: 906: 899: 898: 897: 892: 885: 884: 883: 882: 881: 879: 876: 873: 872: 868: 867: 864: 863: 859: 858: 855: 854: 847: 844: 843: 840: 839: 835: 834: 831: 830: 826: 825: 822: 821: 817: 816: 813: 812: 807: 804: 803: 800: 799: 795: 794: 791: 790: 786: 785: 782: 781: 769: 766: 765: 762: 761: 757: 756: 753: 752: 745: 742: 741: 738: 737: 733: 732: 729: 728: 716: 713: 712: 709: 708: 704: 703: 700: 699: 695: 694: 691: 690: 678: 675: 674: 671: 670: 658: 653: 651: 648: 647: 644: 643: 639: 638: 635: 634: 622: 619: 618: 615: 614: 602: 597: 595: 590: 588: 583: 581: 576: 574: 569: 567: 562: 560: 551: 549: 544: 542: 537: 535: 526: 524: 523:Felidae 518: 508:The following 435:. Analysis of 406: 403: 334:Felis nigripes 326: 323: 253:Felis nigripes 242: 241: 237: 236: 228: 227: 221: 216:Felis nigripes 210: 209: 203: 202: 195: 193: 189: 188: 181: 177: 176: 171: 167: 166: 161: 157: 156: 151: 147: 146: 141: 137: 136: 131: 127: 126: 121: 117: 116: 111: 107: 106: 101: 97: 96: 83: 82: 69: 66: 65: 47: 44: 43: 38: 35: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8962: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8907: 8905: 8888: 8883: 8879: 8875: 8870: 8866: 8862: 8857: 8853: 8849: 8844: 8840: 8836: 8831: 8827: 8823: 8818: 8814: 8810: 8805: 8801: 8797: 8792: 8788: 8784: 8779: 8775: 8771: 8766: 8762: 8758: 8753: 8749: 8745: 8740: 8736: 8732: 8727: 8723: 8719: 8713: 8709: 8704: 8700: 8696: 8691: 8687: 8683: 8678: 8674: 8670: 8665: 8661: 8656: 8650: 8646: 8641: 8635: 8631: 8630: 8628: 8626: 8622: 8618: 8613: 8585: 8583: 8578: 8576: 8574: 8569: 8567: 8565: 8560: 8558: 8556: 8551: 8549: 8547: 8542: 8540: 8538: 8533: 8531: 8529: 8524: 8522: 8520: 8519:M. lutreolina 8515: 8513: 8511: 8506: 8504: 8502: 8497: 8495: 8493: 8488: 8486: 8484: 8479: 8477: 8475: 8470: 8468: 8466: 8461: 8459: 8457: 8452: 8450: 8448: 8443: 8441: 8439: 8434: 8433: 8431: 8421: 8420: 8415: 8409: 8407: 8402: 8400: 8398: 8393: 8391: 8389: 8384: 8382: 8380: 8375: 8374: 8372: 8370: 8369: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8355: 8345: 8343: 8338: 8336: 8334: 8329: 8327: 8325: 8320: 8319: 8317: 8315: 8314: 8309: 8303: 8301: 8296: 8295: 8293: 8291: 8290: 8285: 8279: 8277: 8272: 8270: 8268: 8263: 8262: 8260: 8258: 8257: 8252: 8246: 8244: 8239: 8238: 8235: 8229: 8227: 8222: 8221: 8219: 8217: 8216: 8211: 8205: 8203: 8198: 8196: 8194: 8189: 8187: 8185: 8180: 8178: 8176: 8175:L. canadensis 8171: 8170: 8168: 8166: 8165: 8160: 8154: 8152: 8149:Giant otter ( 8147: 8146: 8143: 8140: 8130: 8126: 8112: 8110: 8105: 8103: 8101: 8096: 8095: 8093: 8091: 8090: 8085: 8079: 8077: 8072: 8071: 8068: 8062: 8060: 8055: 8054: 8052: 8050: 8049: 8044: 8041: 8031: 8027: 8017: 8015: 8010: 8008: 8006: 8001: 8000: 7998: 7988: 7987: 7982: 7976: 7974: 7969: 7968: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7947: 7937: 7935: 7930: 7928: 7926: 7921: 7919: 7917: 7912: 7910: 7908: 7907:M. gwatkinsii 7903: 7901: 7899: 7894: 7892: 7890: 7885: 7883: 7881: 7876: 7874: 7872: 7867: 7866: 7864: 7854: 7853: 7848: 7842: 7840: 7835: 7834: 7832: 7830: 7829: 7824: 7818: 7816: 7811: 7810: 7808: 7806: 7805: 7800: 7794: 7792: 7787: 7786: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7774: 7768: 7766: 7761: 7759: 7757: 7752: 7750: 7748: 7747:M. orientalis 7743: 7741: 7739: 7734: 7732: 7730: 7725: 7723: 7721: 7716: 7715: 7713: 7703: 7702: 7697: 7687: 7685: 7680: 7678: 7676: 7671: 7669: 7667: 7662: 7660: 7658: 7653: 7652: 7650: 7648: 7647: 7642: 7636: 7634: 7629: 7627: 7625: 7620: 7618: 7616: 7611: 7610: 7608: 7606: 7605: 7600: 7597: 7587: 7583: 7577: 7575: 7570: 7569: 7567: 7565: 7564: 7559: 7553: 7551: 7550:Taxidea taxus 7546: 7545: 7542: 7539: 7536: 7531: 7527: 7523: 7518: 7514: 7497: 7496: 7495: 7494: 7492: 7490: 7486: 7472: 7470: 7465: 7463: 7461: 7460:N. meridensis 7456: 7455: 7453: 7451: 7450: 7445: 7439: 7437: 7432: 7430: 7428: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7418: 7417: 7412: 7409: 7399: 7395: 7389: 7387: 7382: 7380: 7378: 7373: 7371: 7369: 7364: 7362: 7360: 7355: 7354: 7352: 7342: 7341: 7336: 7330: 7328: 7323: 7321: 7319: 7314: 7312: 7310: 7305: 7304: 7302: 7292: 7291: 7286: 7280: 7278: 7273: 7271: 7269: 7264: 7263: 7261: 7259: 7258: 7253: 7247: 7245: 7240: 7239: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7227: 7217: 7215: 7210: 7208: 7206: 7201: 7199: 7197: 7192: 7190: 7188: 7183: 7182: 7180: 7170: 7169: 7164: 7158: 7156: 7151: 7149: 7147: 7146:M. javanensis 7142: 7141: 7139: 7129: 7128: 7123: 7117: 7115: 7110: 7108: 7106: 7101: 7100: 7098: 7096: 7095: 7090: 7084: 7082: 7077: 7075: 7073: 7072:C. leuconotus 7068: 7066: 7064: 7063:C. humboldtii 7059: 7057: 7055: 7050: 7049: 7047: 7037: 7036: 7031: 7028: 7022: 7014: 7010: 7004: 7002: 6997: 6996: 6994: 6992: 6988: 6984: 6980: 6975: 6971: 6945: 6943: 6938: 6936: 6934: 6929: 6927: 6925: 6920: 6918: 6916: 6911: 6910: 6907: 6904: 6894: 6890: 6884: 6882: 6877: 6875: 6873: 6868: 6867: 6865: 6855: 6854: 6849: 6839: 6837: 6832: 6831: 6829: 6827: 6826: 6821: 6815: 6813: 6808: 6807: 6804: 6801: 6791: 6787: 6784: 6774: 6770: 6756: 6754: 6751:Baikal seal ( 6749: 6747: 6745: 6742:Ringed seal ( 6740: 6738: 6736: 6731: 6730: 6728: 6726: 6725: 6720: 6714: 6712: 6709:Harbor seal ( 6707: 6705: 6703: 6698: 6697: 6695: 6693: 6692: 6687: 6681: 6679: 6674: 6672: 6670: 6667:Ribbon seal ( 6665: 6663: 6661: 6656: 6655: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6643: 6637: 6635: 6632:Hooded seal ( 6630: 6628: 6626: 6621: 6620: 6617: 6614: 6604: 6600: 6597: 6585: 6581: 6571: 6569: 6568:A. tropicalis 6564: 6562: 6560: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6546: 6544: 6542: 6537: 6535: 6533: 6528: 6526: 6524: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6510: 6508: 6506: 6501: 6500: 6498: 6496: 6495: 6494:Arctocephalus 6490: 6484: 6482: 6477: 6476: 6473: 6467: 6465: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6454: 6449: 6443: 6441: 6436: 6435: 6432: 6422: 6420: 6419:Z. wollebaeki 6415: 6413: 6411: 6406: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6400: 6395: 6389: 6387: 6382: 6381: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6369: 6363: 6361: 6356: 6355: 6353: 6351: 6350: 6345: 6342: 6336: 6331: 6327:(eared seals: 6322: 6317: 6311: 6309: 6304: 6303: 6301: 6299: 6295: 6291: 6287: 6279: 6275: 6250: 6249: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6243: 6239: 6230: 6229: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6216: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6203: 6189: 6187: 6182: 6180: 6178: 6173: 6171: 6169: 6168:U. thibetanus 6164: 6162: 6160: 6159:U. americanus 6155: 6154: 6152: 6150: 6149: 6144: 6138: 6136: 6131: 6129: 6127: 6122: 6121: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6109: 6103: 6101: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6090: 6085: 6079: 6077: 6074:Giant panda ( 6072: 6071: 6069: 6067: 6066: 6061: 6058: 6050: 6046: 6043: 6040: 6035: 6017: 6015: 6010: 6008: 6006: 6001: 5999: 5997: 5992: 5990: 5988: 5983: 5981: 5979: 5974: 5972: 5970: 5965: 5963: 5961: 5960:C. familiaris 5956: 5954: 5952: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5942: 5941: 5936: 5930: 5928: 5923: 5921: 5919: 5918:Lycaon pictus 5914: 5913: 5910: 5904: 5902: 5897: 5895: 5893: 5888: 5887: 5885: 5883: 5882: 5877: 5874: 5866: 5862: 5852: 5850: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5836: 5834: 5832: 5827: 5825: 5823: 5818: 5816: 5814: 5809: 5807: 5805: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5795: 5794: 5789: 5783: 5781: 5776: 5774: 5772: 5767: 5766: 5763: 5757: 5755: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5744: 5739: 5733: 5731: 5726: 5725: 5722: 5719: 5711: 5707: 5704: 5696: 5692: 5682: 5680: 5675: 5673: 5671: 5666: 5664: 5662: 5657: 5655: 5653: 5648: 5646: 5644: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5614:Tibetan fox ( 5612: 5610: 5608: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5585: 5583: 5581: 5576: 5575: 5573: 5568: 5561: 5560: 5555: 5549: 5547: 5546:N. viverrinus 5542: 5540: 5538: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5527: 5522: 5516: 5514: 5509: 5508: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5496: 5490: 5488: 5487:U. littoralis 5483: 5481: 5479: 5474: 5473: 5471: 5469: 5468: 5463: 5460: 5452: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5431: 5427: 5401: 5399: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5385: 5383: 5381: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5367: 5365: 5363: 5362:H. flavescens 5358: 5357: 5355: 5353: 5352: 5347: 5341: 5339: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5325: 5323: 5321: 5316: 5315: 5313: 5311: 5310: 5305: 5299: 5297: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5265: 5264: 5261: 5255: 5253: 5252:U. vitticolla 5248: 5246: 5244: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5203: 5201: 5199: 5194: 5192: 5190: 5185: 5183: 5181: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5171: 5170: 5165: 5159: 5157: 5156:Xenogale naso 5152: 5150: 5148: 5143: 5142: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5130: 5120: 5118: 5113: 5111: 5109: 5104: 5102: 5100: 5095: 5093: 5091: 5086: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5080: 5075: 5069: 5067: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5053: 5052: 5050: 5048: 5047: 5042: 5036: 5034: 5029: 5028: 5025: 5019: 5017: 5012: 5010: 5008: 5003: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4997: 4992: 4986: 4984: 4979: 4978: 4975: 4969: 4967: 4962: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4956: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4942: 4939: 4930: 4929:sensu stricto 4925: 4921: 4907: 4905: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4891: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4885: 4880: 4874: 4872: 4867: 4866: 4863: 4857: 4855: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4841: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4835: 4830: 4824: 4822: 4817: 4816: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4804: 4794: 4792: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4772: 4767: 4761: 4759: 4758:Fossa fossana 4754: 4752: 4750: 4745: 4744: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4732: 4729: 4719: 4715: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4699: 4681: 4679: 4674: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4668: 4663: 4657: 4655: 4652:Brown hyena ( 4650: 4648: 4646: 4645:Hyaena hyaena 4641: 4640: 4637: 4634: 4626: 4622: 4616: 4614: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4603: 4598: 4595: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4566: 4562: 4541: 4540: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4504: 4502: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4488: 4486: 4484: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4472:Hausa genet ( 4470: 4468: 4466: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4375:G. angolensis 4371: 4369: 4367: 4366:G. abyssinica 4362: 4361: 4359: 4351: 4350: 4345: 4339: 4337: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4312: 4311: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4297: 4287: 4285: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4275:V. tangalunga 4271: 4269: 4267: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4253: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4247: 4242: 4236: 4234: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4220: 4219: 4216: 4213: 4210: 4209:sensu stricto 4205: 4201: 4198: 4194: 4189: 4183: 4179: 4169: 4167: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4138: 4133: 4127: 4125: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4093: 4092: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4083:Paradoxurinae 4080: 4074: 4072: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4058: 4056: 4054: 4051:Otter civet ( 4049: 4047: 4045: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4031: 4028: 4025: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4007: 4003: 3982: 3981: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3971: 3945: 3943: 3942:F. silvestris 3938: 3936: 3934: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3878: 3873: 3863: 3861: 3860:P. viverrinus 3858:Fishing cat ( 3856: 3854: 3852: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3833:P. javanensis 3829: 3827: 3825: 3822:Leopard cat ( 3820: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3814: 3809: 3803: 3801: 3796: 3795: 3792: 3789: 3783: 3773: 3771: 3766: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3760: 3755: 3749: 3747: 3742: 3741: 3738: 3732: 3730: 3725: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3719: 3714: 3711: 3705: 3699: 3697: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3669:L. canadensis 3667:Canada lynx ( 3665: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3659: 3654: 3648: 3646: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3578: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3572: 3567: 3557: 3555: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3535: 3530: 3524: 3522: 3517: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3504: 3494: 3492: 3491:C. temminckii 3487: 3485: 3483: 3478: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3472: 3467: 3461: 3459: 3456:Marbled cat ( 3454: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3448: 3443: 3440: 3434: 3431: 3427: 3426:sensu stricto 3423: 3418: 3404: 3402: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3361: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3355: 3350: 3344: 3342: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3328: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3322: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3301: 3293: 3288: 3284: 3278: 3276: 3275:P. pardicolor 3271: 3269: 3267: 3262: 3261: 3259: 3252: 3251: 3246: 3243: 3240: 3235: 3231: 3225: 3223: 3218: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3187: 3183: 3177: 3173: 3171: 3167: 3165: 3161: 3159: 3155: 3153: 3149: 3148: 3145: 3140: 3132: 3127: 3125: 3120: 3118: 3113: 3112: 3109: 3101: 3097: 3095: 3089: 3085: 3084:Nature on PBS 3081: 3079: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3063: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3047: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3028: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3000: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2977: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2946: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2915: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2892: 2881: 2877: 2870: 2863: 2855: 2851: 2845: 2837: 2833: 2826: 2818: 2811: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2764: 2756: 2752: 2745: 2726: 2719: 2717: 2708: 2689: 2682: 2680: 2671: 2663: 2659: 2652: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2608: 2599: 2591: 2587: 2580: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2549: 2547: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2507: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2467: 2458: 2450: 2443: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2407: 2405:9780199592838 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2382: 2373: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2354: 2345: 2337: 2330: 2322: 2315: 2307: 2300: 2292: 2288: 2281: 2265: 2261: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2240: 2232: 2228: 2225:(2): 96–107. 2224: 2220: 2216: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2192: 2188: 2181: 2174: 2165: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2146: 2137: 2121: 2117: 2115:0-226-77999-8 2111: 2107: 2103: 2101: 2092: 2084: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2050: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2034: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2004: 2000: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1976: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1960: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1930: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1866: 1862: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1841: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1777: 1772: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1737: 1733: 1726: 1718: 1710: 1706: 1703:(35): 81–89. 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1656: 1653: 1649: 1647: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1624:(1): 119–120. 1623: 1619: 1616:subsp. nov". 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1597: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1571: 1565: 1559: 1557: 1540: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1526: 1521: 1519: 1510: 1508: 1506: 1504: 1502: 1500: 1498: 1493: 1485: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1466:fertilization 1464: 1458: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1434: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1422:Wuppertal Zoo 1413: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1394:Victoria West 1391: 1381: 1379: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1305: 1303: 1299: 1293: 1291: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1152: 1147: 1138: 1135: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1117:scent marking 1113: 1108: 1106: 1105: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1083: 1082:miershooptier 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1037: 1029: 1020: 1018: 1014: 1013:precipitation 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 993: 983: 981: 977: 973: 969: 964: 961: 957: 954:species. The 953: 949: 945: 939: 937: 932: 927: 922: 917: 903: 889: 866: 865: 857: 856: 853: 852: 846: 845: 842: 841: 833: 832: 824: 823: 815: 814: 811: 806: 805: 802: 801: 793: 792: 784: 783: 780: 778: 774: 768: 767: 764: 763: 755: 754: 751: 750: 744: 743: 740: 739: 731: 730: 727: 725: 721: 715: 714: 711: 710: 702: 701: 693: 692: 689: 687: 683: 677: 676: 673: 672: 669: 667: 663: 657: 656: 650: 649: 646: 645: 637: 636: 633: 631: 630:F. silvestris 627: 621: 620: 617: 616: 613: 611: 607: 601: 600: 594: 593: 587: 586: 580: 579: 573: 572: 566: 565: 558: 555: 554: 548: 547: 541: 540: 533: 530: 529: 522: 521: 517: 516: 513: 511: 506: 504: 499: 497: 493: 489: 483: 478: 472: 467: 463: 459: 455: 452: 447: 443: 438: 432: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 402: 400: 396: 392: 387: 385: 384: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 332: 322: 320: 315: 310: 305: 303: 299: 295: 291: 290:IUCN Red List 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 266: 263: 259: 255: 254: 249: 238: 234: 229: 224: 219: 217: 211: 208: 207:Binomial name 204: 200: 199: 194: 191: 190: 187: 186: 182: 179: 178: 175: 172: 169: 168: 165: 162: 159: 158: 155: 152: 149: 148: 145: 142: 139: 138: 135: 132: 129: 128: 125: 122: 119: 118: 115: 112: 109: 108: 105: 102: 99: 98: 93: 88: 84: 78: 72: 67: 61: 56: 45: 41: 36: 32: 27: 22: 19: 8624: 8581: 8572: 8563: 8554: 8545: 8536: 8527: 8518: 8509: 8500: 8491: 8482: 8473: 8464: 8455: 8446: 8437: 8417: 8405: 8396: 8387: 8378: 8366: 8341: 8332: 8323: 8311: 8299: 8287: 8276:L. sumatrana 8275: 8266: 8254: 8242: 8225: 8213: 8201: 8192: 8183: 8174: 8162: 8150: 8108: 8099: 8087: 8075: 8059:V. peregusna 8058: 8046: 8013: 8004: 7984: 7972: 7959:Lyncodontini 7950:Ictonychinae 7934:M. zibellina 7933: 7924: 7915: 7906: 7897: 7889:M. flavigula 7888: 7879: 7871:M. americana 7870: 7850: 7838: 7826: 7814: 7802: 7791:Eira barbara 7790: 7764: 7756:M. personata 7755: 7746: 7737: 7728: 7719: 7699: 7683: 7674: 7666:M. canescens 7665: 7656: 7644: 7632: 7623: 7614: 7602: 7573: 7561: 7549: 7468: 7459: 7447: 7435: 7426: 7414: 7385: 7376: 7367: 7358: 7338: 7326: 7317: 7308: 7288: 7276: 7275:Cacomistle ( 7267: 7255: 7244:Potos flavus 7243: 7213: 7204: 7195: 7186: 7166: 7154: 7145: 7125: 7113: 7104: 7092: 7080: 7071: 7062: 7053: 7033: 7000: 6941: 6932: 6923: 6914: 6880: 6871: 6851: 6835: 6823: 6811: 6796:(monk seals) 6752: 6743: 6734: 6722: 6710: 6701: 6689: 6677: 6668: 6659: 6633: 6624: 6567: 6559:A. townsendi 6558: 6549: 6541:A. philippii 6540: 6531: 6522: 6513: 6505:A. australis 6504: 6492: 6480: 6463: 6451: 6439: 6418: 6409: 6397: 6385: 6359: 6347: 6307: 6186:U. maritimus 6185: 6184:Polar bear ( 6176: 6175:Brown bear ( 6167: 6158: 6146: 6134: 6125: 6124:Sloth bear ( 6099: 6087: 6075: 6063: 6013: 6004: 5995: 5986: 5977: 5968: 5959: 5950: 5938: 5927:Cuon alpinus 5926: 5917: 5901:L. mesomelas 5900: 5891: 5879: 5848: 5839: 5830: 5829:Pampas fox ( 5821: 5812: 5803: 5791: 5779: 5770: 5754:S. venaticus 5753: 5741: 5729: 5728:Maned wolf ( 5710:Cerdocyonina 5678: 5677:Fennec fox ( 5669: 5660: 5652:V. rueppelli 5651: 5642: 5633: 5624: 5623:Arctic fox ( 5616:V. ferrilata 5615: 5606: 5605:Corsac fox ( 5597: 5588: 5579: 5578:Bengal fox ( 5557: 5545: 5536: 5524: 5512: 5486: 5485:Island fox ( 5477: 5465: 5398:H. sanguinea 5397: 5388: 5379: 5371:H. ichneumon 5370: 5361: 5349: 5337: 5328: 5319: 5307: 5295: 5286: 5277: 5268: 5251: 5242: 5233: 5224: 5215: 5206: 5198:U. edwardsii 5197: 5189:U. brachyura 5188: 5179: 5167: 5155: 5146: 5116: 5107: 5098: 5090:C. alexandri 5089: 5077: 5065: 5056: 5044: 5032: 5015: 5007:M. gambianus 5006: 4994: 4982: 4966:S. suricatta 4965: 4953: 4928: 4903: 4894: 4882: 4870: 4853: 4844: 4832: 4820: 4790: 4781: 4769: 4757: 4748: 4725:carnivorans) 4706: 4677: 4665: 4653: 4644: 4612: 4600: 4570:Herpestoidea 4533:Herpestoidea 4500: 4492:G. victoriae 4491: 4482: 4481:Cape genet ( 4473: 4465:G. servalina 4464: 4455: 4454:King genet ( 4447:G. piscivora 4446: 4437: 4428: 4419: 4411:G. johnstoni 4410: 4401: 4392: 4383: 4374: 4365: 4347: 4336:P. leightoni 4335: 4326: 4308: 4283: 4274: 4266:V. megaspila 4265: 4257:V. civettina 4256: 4244: 4232: 4223: 4208: 4192: 4165: 4156: 4147: 4135: 4123: 4114: 4105: 4096: 4070: 4061: 4052: 4043: 3941: 3932: 3930: 3924:F. margarita 3923: 3914: 3905: 3904:Jungle cat ( 3896: 3887: 3875: 3859: 3850: 3842:P. planiceps 3841: 3832: 3823: 3813:Prionailurus 3811: 3799: 3769: 3757: 3745: 3744:Jaguarundi ( 3728: 3716: 3695: 3686: 3677: 3668: 3656: 3644: 3635: 3626: 3617: 3608: 3599: 3591:L. geoffroyi 3590: 3581: 3580:Pampas cat ( 3569: 3553: 3544: 3532: 3520: 3490: 3481: 3469: 3458:P. marmorata 3457: 3445: 3425: 3400: 3391: 3382: 3373: 3364: 3352: 3340: 3331: 3319: 3274: 3265: 3248: 3221: 3174:Superorder: 3168:Infraclass: 3099: 3093: 3083: 3077: 3067: 3061: 3051: 3045: 3035: 3014:the original 3009: 2999: 2991:the original 2986: 2976: 2964:. Retrieved 2955: 2945: 2933:. Retrieved 2924: 2914: 2906:the original 2901: 2891: 2880:the original 2875: 2862: 2854:the original 2844: 2835: 2831: 2825: 2816: 2810: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2763: 2754: 2750: 2744: 2732:. Retrieved 2715: 2707: 2695:. Retrieved 2678: 2670: 2661: 2657: 2651: 2616: 2612: 2606: 2598: 2589: 2585: 2579: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2506: 2494:. Retrieved 2475: 2471: 2465: 2457: 2451:(20): 15–19. 2448: 2442: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2381: 2365:(1): 35–41. 2362: 2358: 2352: 2344: 2335: 2329: 2320: 2314: 2306:BBC Wildlife 2305: 2299: 2290: 2286: 2280: 2268:. Retrieved 2249: 2239: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2193:(1): 93–115. 2190: 2186: 2173: 2154: 2150: 2144: 2136: 2124:. Retrieved 2105: 2099: 2091: 2072: 2068: 2038: 2032: 2002: 1998: 1964: 1958: 1902: 1898: 1869:. Retrieved 1850: 1821:. Retrieved 1780: 1774: 1743:. Retrieved 1731: 1717: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1655: 1651: 1645: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1596: 1584:. Retrieved 1575: 1569: 1543:. Retrieved 1529: 1523: 1517: 1454: 1435: 1429: 1419: 1416:In captivity 1409: 1402:Camera traps 1387: 1375: 1372:Conservation 1366:herding dogs 1355: 1342:inflammatory 1335: 1321: 1313: 1306: 1294: 1287: 1268: 1258: 1255:gerbil mouse 1252: 1244:grasshoppers 1226: 1211: 1203: 1195: 1177: 1171: 1155: 1109: 1102: 1099: 1076: 1068: 1060: 1042: 989: 979: 972:Felis lybica 971: 965: 951: 940: 935: 913: 849: 809: 776: 771: 748: 747: 724:F. margarita 723: 718: 685: 680: 665: 660: 629: 624: 609: 606:Domestic cat 604: 556: 507: 500: 495: 491: 476: 465: 451:evolutionary 448: 410:Phylogenetic 408: 388: 381: 357: 353: 349: 333: 328: 306: 267: 257: 252: 251: 247: 245: 215: 213: 197: 196: 184: 18: 8752:iNaturalist 8649:Wikispecies 8573:M. sibirica 8555:M. putorius 8528:M. nigripes 8510:M. lutreola 8483:M. haidarum 8379:N. africana 8342:A. congicus 8333:A. cinereus 8324:A. capensis 8224:Sea otter ( 8202:L. provocax 8109:I. striatus 8030:Ictonychini 7925:M. melampus 7837:Wolverine ( 7815:P. pennanti 7738:M. moschata 7729:M. everetti 7675:M. leucurus 7633:A. hoevenii 7624:A. collaris 7574:M. capensis 7469:N. olivacea 7384:Olinguito ( 7340:Bassaricyon 7327:P. pygmaeus 7257:Bassariscus 7230:Procyonidae 7205:S. putorius 7196:S. gracilis 7114:M. mephitis 7105:M. macroura 6999:Red panda ( 6979:Musteloidea 6940:Ross seal ( 6893:Lobodontini 6825:Neomonachus 6753:P. sibirica 6711:P. vitulina 6676:Grey seal ( 6658:Harp seal ( 6550:A. pusillus 6514:A. forsteri 6349:Callorhinus 6283:Pinnipedia 6242:Musteloidea 6014:C. simensis 5978:C. lupaster 5847:Hoary fox ( 5840:L. sechurae 5813:L. fulvipes 5804:L. culpaeus 5700:(true dogs) 5659:Swift fox ( 5634:V. macrotis 5526:Nyctereutes 5435:Caniformia 5380:H. ochracea 5338:B. nigripes 5329:B. jacksoni 5216:U. javanica 5133:Herpestinae 5108:C. obscurus 5099:C. ansorgei 5079:Crossarchus 4935:(mongooses) 4924:Herpestidae 4904:S. durrelli 4895:S. concolor 4845:G. fasciata 4782:E. goudotii 4703:Herpestidae 4613:P. cristata 4474:G. thierryi 4429:G. maculata 4393:G. cristata 4384:G. bourloni 4137:Paradoxurus 4095:Binturong ( 4034:Hemigalinae 4011:Viverroidea 3974:Viverroidea 3933:F. nigripes 3785:Leopard cat 3770:P. concolor 3687:L. pardinus 3636:L. tigrinus 3627:L. pardalis 3618:L. jacobita 3609:L. guttulus 3582:L. colocola 3341:N. nebulosa 3311:Pantherinae 3191:Feliformia 3068:Animal Info 2436:(2): 83–96. 1905:(1): 1–11. 1017:Drakensberg 960:carnassials 956:cheek teeth 931:guard hairs 851:Pantherinae 503:Pleistocene 414:nuclear DNA 314:vertebrates 170:Subfamily: 8904:Categories 8546:M. nudipes 8537:M. nivalis 8501:M. kathiah 8456:M. erminea 8447:M. altaica 8397:N. frenata 8388:N. felipei 8358:Mustelinae 8100:I. libycus 8014:G. vittata 7880:M. caurina 7657:M. anakuma 7535:Mustelidae 7522:Mustelidae 7498:see below↓ 7489:Mustelidae 7386:B. neblina 7297:(raccoons) 7268:B. astutus 7266:Ringtail ( 7242:Kinkajou ( 7214:S. pygmaea 7155:M. marchei 7013:Mephitidae 6881:M. leonina 6773:Monachinae 6744:P. hispida 6735:P. caspica 6532:A. gazella 6464:N. cinerea 6360:C. ursinus 6298:Odobenidae 6251:see below↓ 6231:see below↓ 6215:Pinnipedia 6133:Sun bear ( 6100:T. ornatus 6089:Tremarctos 6065:Ailuropoda 6003:Red wolf ( 5969:C. latrans 5892:L. adustus 5849:L. vetulus 5822:L. griseus 5752:Bush dog ( 5643:V. pallida 5641:Pale fox ( 5625:V. lagopus 5596:Cape fox ( 5476:Gray fox ( 5234:U. smithii 5066:H. parvula 5057:H. hirtula 4945:Mungotinae 4834:Galidictis 4807:Galidiinae 4735:Euplerinae 4718:Eupleridae 4707:sensu lato 4678:C. crocuta 4611:Aardwolf ( 4542:see below↓ 4483:G. tigrina 4456:G. poensis 4438:G. pardina 4420:G. letabae 4402:G. genetta 4300:Genettinae 4284:V. zibetha 4204:Viverrinae 4193:sensu lato 4188:Viverrinae 4157:P. jerdoni 4024:Viverridae 3983:see below↓ 3922:Sand cat ( 3729:A. jubatus 3554:C. caracal 3447:Pardofelis 3266:P. linsang 3207:Feliformia 2270:5 November 1610:Microfelis 1545:15 January 1488:References 1406:aardwolves 1112:home range 773:Jungle cat 488:jungle cat 362:subspecies 354:Microfelis 154:Feliformia 150:Suborder: 73:Appendix I 55:Vulnerable 8492:M. itatsi 8426:(weasels) 8289:Lutrogale 8226:E. lutris 8184:L. felina 7993:(grisons) 7916:M. martes 7859:(martens) 7777:Guloninae 7563:Mellivora 7436:N. narica 7377:B. medius 7368:B. gabbii 7359:B. alleni 7347:(olingos) 7316:Raccoon ( 7168:Spilogale 7054:C. chinga 7035:Conepatus 6991:Ailuridae 6790:Monachini 6702:P. largha 6372:Otariinae 6335:sea lions 6330:fur seals 6321:Otariidae 6206:Mustelida 6177:U. arctos 6039:Arctoidea 5996:C. lycaon 5951:C. aureus 5881:Lupulella 5793:Lycalopex 5670:V. vulpes 5668:Red fox ( 5632:Kit fox ( 5607:V. corsac 5351:Herpestes 4964:Meerkat ( 4723:(Malagasy 4625:Hyaeninae 4586:Hyaenidae 4501:G. felina 3915:F. lybica 3727:Cheetah ( 3645:L. wiedii 3634:Oncilla ( 3600:L. guigna 3571:Leopardus 3552:Caracal ( 3545:C. aurata 3480:Bay cat ( 3401:P. pardus 3399:Leopard ( 3374:P. tigris 3332:N. diardi 3250:Prionodon 3150:Kingdom: 3139:Carnivora 2966:30 August 2956:The Verge 2586:Cat Times 2126:8 January 1823:29 August 1648:Burchell" 1604:(1931). " 1478:surrogate 1279:gestation 1231:scavenged 1223:springbok 1174:Cape hare 1134:Kimberley 1045:nocturnal 1001:shrubland 948:ear canal 666:F. lybica 510:cladogram 460:from the 416:from all 401:species. 399:monotypic 386:species. 309:telemetry 302:predation 192:Species: 144:Carnivora 110:Kingdom: 104:Eukaryota 8882:Species+ 8822:14000054 8770:10785265 8634:Wikidata 8472:Ferret ( 8406:N. vison 8267:L. lutra 8135:(otters) 8129:Lutrinae 7986:Galictis 7898:M. foina 7813:Fisher ( 7701:Melogale 7684:M. meles 7604:Arctonyx 7449:Nasuella 7427:N. nasua 7404:(coatis) 7318:P. lotor 7094:Mephitis 6853:Mirounga 6603:Phocinae 6584:Phocidae 6453:Neophoca 6399:Zalophus 6306:Walrus ( 6005:C. rufus 5987:C. lupus 5967:Coyote ( 5802:Culpeo ( 5743:Speothos 5679:V. zerda 5661:V. velox 5598:V. chama 5309:Bdeogale 5207:U. fusca 5046:Helogale 5016:M. mungo 4955:Suricata 4884:Salanoia 4791:E. major 4771:Eupleres 4602:Proteles 4591:(hyenas) 4355:(genets) 3906:F. chaus 3897:F. catus 3888:F. bieti 3768:Cougar ( 3718:Acinonyx 3696:L. rufus 3694:Bobcat ( 3643:Margay ( 3625:Ocelot ( 3598:Kodkod ( 3519:Serval ( 3482:C. badia 3471:Catopuma 3381:Jaguar ( 3365:P. uncia 3354:Panthera 3321:Neofelis 3239:Feloidea 3170:Eutheria 3164:Mammalia 3158:Chordata 3156:Phylum: 3152:Animalia 3010:NOLA.com 2960:Archived 2929:Archived 2802:92801273 2734:30 April 2725:Archived 2697:30 April 2688:Archived 2643:43387363 2635:18487501 2537:46729038 2490:Archived 2449:Cat News 2264:Archived 2120:Archived 1929:26518481 1865:Archived 1817:Archived 1813:41672825 1805:16400146 1745:16 March 1736:Archived 1732:Cat News 1586:29 April 1580:Archived 1566:(1824). 1463:in vitro 1332:Diseases 1159:dewclaws 1065:aardvark 1009:Kalahari 997:savannas 777:F. chaus 720:Sand cat 686:F. bieti 610:F. catus 492:F. chaus 391:validity 298:bushmeat 294:poaching 223:Burchell 160:Family: 134:Mammalia 124:Chordata 120:Phylum: 114:Animalia 100:Domain: 60:IUCN 3.1 8809:1005989 8744:2435037 8640:Q204814 8474:M. furo 8419:Mustela 8368:Neogale 8215:Enhydra 8089:Ictonyx 8048:Vormela 8005:G. cuja 7932:Sable ( 7839:G. gulo 7804:Pekania 7789:Tayra ( 7586:Melinae 7398:Nasuina 7290:Procyon 6646:Phocini 6285:(seals) 6220:(seals) 6112:Ursinae 6054:(bears) 6049:Ursidae 5925:Dhole ( 5715:(zorro) 5589:V. cana 5499:Vulpini 5467:Urocyon 5451:Canidae 5243:U. urva 4747:Fossa ( 4667:Crocuta 4349:Genetta 4246:Viverra 3787:lineage 3709:lineage 3678:L. lynx 3534:Caracal 3508:lineage 3506:Caracal 3438:lineage 3436:Bay cat 3422:Felinae 3383:P. onca 3372:Tiger ( 3292:Felidae 3162:Class: 3141:species 3137:Extant 2935:10 June 2782:Bibcode 1920:4691742 1785:Bibcode 1776:Science 1689:ex situ 1685:In situ 1474:embryos 1352:Threats 1326:raptors 1318:caracal 1283:litters 1275:oestrus 1236:Insects 1220:Neonate 1163:termite 1125:rubbing 1095:jugular 1091:giraffe 1071:), and 1053:burrows 1049:termite 1003:in the 992:endemic 559: 534: 532:Felinae 464:of all 454:lineage 428:around 426:Miocene 418:Felidae 346:Litákun 288:on the 276:to the 274:endemic 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