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approvals of the many classified programs underway at CBS Laboratories. This year-long time delay greatly increased EPSCO's ongoing costs of funding the acquisition, to the point where EPSCO made the decision to liquidate the entire Epsco Labs facilities, staff and operations in 1976. As a result, all of the assets of the
Laboratories, including all machinery, optical equipment, vacuum equipment, electronics, test facilities and equipment, as well as the office equipment, photo lab, machine shop and printing department were sold at auction over a four-day period in late May, 1976.
187:. It utilized a mechanical color wheel on both the camera and on the television home receiver, but was not compatible with the existing post-war NTSC, 525-line, 60-field/second black and white TV sets as it was a 405-line, 144-field scanning system. It was the first color broadcasting system that received FCC approval in 1950, and the CBS Television Network began broadcasting in color on November 20, 1950. However, no other TV set manufacturers made the sets, and CBS stopped broadcasting in field-sequential color on October 21, 1951.
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12 seconds, up to 1,000 characters per second, justified including upper and lower case letters, resulting in a page negative made up and ready to be plated and printed. This was accomplished using a highly-specialized
Cathode Ray Tube developed by CBS Laboratories which had unequaled geometric fidelity and resolution. The introduction of the Linotron was characterized as “the most important development in composition since the introduction of the Linotype machine at the turn of the century.”
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data, which was transmitted to dedicated ground stations to be recorded and processed for analysis. The ERTS EBR was a crucial part of the ground-station-based image data recording system, capable of producing a thousand 70mm archival quality film images per day, from which all the other ERTS photographic products were produced.
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business as Epsco Labs, and after an unsuccessful attempt to convince the CBS Laboratories personnel to relocate to
Buffalo, NY, EPSCO moved the complete operations and staff to a facility in Wilton, CT. The two original CBS Laboratories buildings on High Ridge Road in Stamford, CT were razed and the property sold.
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Although EPSCO Corp. immediately began the process of novating the CBS Laboratories government R&D contracts to EPSCO, the process turned out to be much more time-consuming than EPSCO anticipated, due to the legal and regulatory implications involved in obtaining
Government and Contracting Agency
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In addition to designing and building commercial and government products and systems, the technical staff was also contracted to write reports and analyses for government clients. Although most of the reports remain classified, a few have been unclassified and are available in the public domain.
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The 1971 Nobel Prize in
Physics was awarded to Dr. Dennis Gabor, Staff Scientist at CBS Laboratories, who was also affiliated with the Imperial Colleges of Science and Technology, London, United Kingdom, “for his invention and development of the holographic method.” A description of his work, given
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The remainder of CBS Laboratories, including all of its
Government research and development activities, was acquired in 1975 by EPSCO Corp., based in Buffalo, NY, for the purpose of enhancing its technological capabilities and facilitating the entrance into new Government markets. EPSCO renamed the
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During the
Vietnam War, CBS Laboratories developed and produced the scanning and recording equipment for the Compass Link system, which provided one-way, near-real-time secure transmission of photographic and other battlefield imagery via satellite relays from Vietnam to Hawai'i and Washington, DC.
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One of the applications of the
Electron Beam Recorder was in the ERTS-Landsat system, whose mission was to capture images of the Earth's surface in different spectral bands to provide data for Earth resource management and environmental monitoring. ThE ERTS satellites generated an immense amount of
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In 1964 the
Mergenthaler Co. and CBS Laboratories won a GPO contract to build a machine called the Linotron. The Linotron took a computer magnetic tape from the publishing agency that had been programmed through GPO’s computers, and composed the data in 6-point type at the rate of a page every 10 to
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In 1959 the CBS Audimax I Audio Gain
Controller was introduced. It was the first of its kind in the broadcasting industry, and updated versions (Audimax 4440) continued to be manufactured by Thompson-CSF, which acquired the technology after the Labs were closed. In the 1960s the CBS VoluMax Audio FM
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At the same time that CBS Laboratories developed technologies for the CBS Television Network, it also took on similar work for the Government. CBS Laboratories was selected by NASA Manned Spacecraft Center to provide the voice recorder for the Gemini space program (1964 - 1966). The Labs designed
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The CBS Laboratories Reconotron all-electrostatic image dissector tube was developed for the 1964 Mariner IV Mars mission as an azimuth star tracker, then was modified for the 1967 Mariner V Venus mission in order to withstand the intense planetary illumination. The sensor was further modified for
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The first Linotron went into operation in October 1967 and the second a year later. The dean of the Senate and Chair of the JCP, Senator Carl Hayden of Arizona, pressed the key starting the Linotron 1010 on its first job, the Federal Supply Catalog. The Linotrons cost $ 2.3 million to develop and
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At the same time, CBS Laboratories developed a solid-state character generator, a crucial component of the VIDIAC (Visual Information Display and Control) system built for the Air Force by a collaboration of several companies. Known as the "magnetic memory character generator," this component was
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CBS Laboratories' staff registered approximately 100 patents in the fields of television, quadraphonic sound, scanning devices, laser scanning and recording, film handling systems, image and character generation, noise monitoring, hydrophones, forming electrophoretic and photoemissive surfaces,
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CBS Laboratories was a leader in the development of Electron Beam Recorders, (EBR), which use a finely focused beam of electrons to record information onto film. Because the electron beam has no inertia, it can be electromagnetically scanned over the film at a very high speed. Also,
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In 1969, CBS Laboratories developed an advanced, state-of-the-art, MIL-Spec In-Flight Photo-Processor Scanner (IPPS) for JIFDATS (the Joint Services In-Flight Data Transmission System). Mounted in an external pod on a Mach-2, RF-4C reconnaissance aircraft, the target images from a KS-87
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In 1974, CBS Corp., under then-President Arthur R. Taylor, made the decision to focus on its primary media and broadcasting operations, away from the Government R&D and commercial product development, and divest these non-core assets. As part of this reorganization, the CBS Laboratories
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One year later, a group of 60 engineers and scientists, led by Dr. Peter Goldmark, left New York City and moved into the new 30,000 square-foot facility. The results of their efforts over the next 20 years resulted in a steady growth in facilities, personnel, sales, product development and
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CBS Laboratories was established in 1936 in New York City to conduct technological research for CBS and outside clients. In October 1957 CBS President Dr. Frank Stanton, speaking at ground-breaking ceremonies for a new CBS Laboratories building in Stamford , Conn. said: "Our objective in
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The total staff grew to more than 600 people, one-third of whom were professionals. Many of these professionals were internationally renowned in their respective fields and helped establish CBS Laboratories as a leader in electronics and communications research and development.
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Laboratory facilities grew to include five well-equipped buildings totaling more than 200,000 square feet. Six major departments were engaged in a wide range of research and development programs for government, industry, education, medicine and the broadcasting field.
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Using available equipment, in many cases at the breadboard stage, it was developed, deployed and operational in the field and on shipboard 73 days after approval to proceed. Philco-Ford provided the satellite communications systems.
379:: The Columbia Broadcasting System – For the development of the Color Corrector, which can provide color uniformity between television picture segments and scenes shot and recorded under different conditions at different times and locations.
385:: CBS Laboratories received the Engineering Emmy Award for their development of the "Miniature Rapid Deployment Earth Terminal" (MRDET), which was recognized for its significant contributions to the field of television technology.
94:: Make sure the page has already been reverted to a non-infringing revision or that infringing text has been removed or replaced before submitting this request. This template is reserved for obvious cases only, for other cases refer to
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Called the "Photograph of the Century" by space scientists, this first close-up picture of the crater Copernicus taken by the Lunar Orbiter was scanned and digitized by The CBS Laboratories film scanning system and transmitted back to
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An aerospace qualified film scanning system, consisting of a CBS Laboratories Line Scan Tube was developed for the Lunar Orbiter program to read out the processed film images taken by the Orbiter for transmission back to Earth.
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was announced in 1967. In 1966, the CBS Vidifont was invented. It was the first electronic graphics generator used in television production. Brought to the marketplace at the NAB in 1970, it revolutionized television production. The
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Peak Limiter was introduced, also the first of its kind in the broadcasting industry. Both the Audimax and VoluMax were considered the “gold standard” for audio processing used in the AM/FM and Television Broadcasting industry.
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because it is focused using a magnetic field, instead of glass lenses, the electron beam can be focused to a much smaller spot than laser or other optical methods, on the order of a half-millionth of an inch.
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install, but in the first 13 months of operation the savings were estimated at $ 900,000. With it, “it can truly be said that in 1968 the Government Printing Office entered the electronic printing age.”
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Nevertheless, the Field Sequential Color System was selected to televise the real-time broadcasts from the Moon during the Apollo 14 Moon landing, since it uses far less bandwidth than the NTSC system.
198:, which became the standard for incorporating multiple or lengthy recorded works on a single audio disc for two generations. The LP was introduced to the market place by Columbia Records in 1948.
373:: Electronic Video Recording (EVR) system - CBS Laboratories developed the EVR system, which allowed for the recording and playback of high-quality video using a cassette tape format.
403:: CBS Fieldtronics - The CBS Fieldtronics system, a portable, electronic news gathering system, received an Engineering Emmy Award for its contributions to live broadcasting.
367:: CBS Minicam - The CBS Minicam, a portable, battery-powered camera system, received an Engineering Emmy Award for its impact on news gathering and live broadcasting.
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Engineering Emmy Award for "Improved SMPTE Color Bars Standard ECR 1-1978" awarded to CBS Technology Center and the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers.
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was developed for use in national political conventions in 1968. In 1971, a backwards-compatible 4-channel encoding technique was developed for vinyl records, called
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the 1969 Mariner mission to Mars to survive the more severe launch environment and to provide greater capability for automatic search, identification, and tracking.
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S. Baron, “Inventing the Vidifont: the first electronic graphics generator used in television production,” IEEE History Center (www.ieeeghn.org), 11 December 2008.
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establishing the Laboratories is to continue CBS leadership in communications and electronics and provide broader research and development services."
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airborne film camera were processed, scanned and transmitted within 12 minutes of acquisition to a ground-based Image Interpretation Facility.
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television network. Innovations developed at the labs included many groundbreaking broadcast, industrial, military, and consumer technologies.
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Professional Products Department, which manufactured the products developed by the Labs for sale to the broadcast industry, was sold to
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responsible for storing and retrieving high quality alphanumeric characters, which was essential for the high-speed data display.
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joined CBS Laboratories in 1936. On September 4, 1940, while working at the lab, he demonstrated the
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and built a very small (2.5 in square x .415 in thick) and reliable onboard voice recorder.
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The development of sterilizable image dissector tubes Final report, 15 Apr. 1964 - 15 May 1966
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Perry, Robert (October 4, 1974). "Labs ARE For Sale, CBS Official Admits".
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Sharpe, Mitchell R.; Hacker, Barton C.; Grimwood, James M. (January 1979).
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Goldmark’s interest in recorded music led to the development of the
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David Sarnoff Medal Recipients for CBS Laboratories Technical Staff
391:: Emmy Award for CBS Laboratories' Electronic News Gathering System
842:(Report). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center.
679:(Report). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center.
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Electrostatic Camera System Functional Design Study, Final Report
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Botticelli, R. A., Cook, F. J., Moore, R. F. (25 February 1972).
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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863:"Automatic Acquisition and Tracking Methods Employed in JIFDATS"
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CBS, INC. For the development of the Digital Noise Reducer
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One year life test of 1-1/2 inch image dissector Final report
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Characteristics of photocathodes under high light levels
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Nobel Prize awarded to CBS Laboratories Staff Scientist
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361:: Stop Action Playback - MVR Corporation and CBS
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592:Electronics
316:Thomson-CSF
238:Nobel Prize
79:this script
58:(inclusive)
1288:Categories
1256:2024-09-20
1170:. May 1975
640:(1): 238.
573:, 10/13/21
547:RadioWorld
497:2013-10-18
453:References
242:holography
55:1248358529
49:1245960828
1129:cite book
1098:cite book
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987:cite book
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909:cite book
732:2155-3165
654:0040-165X
395:1977-1978
389:1974-1975
383:1970-1971
377:1970-1971
359:1965-1966
353:1958-1959
740:20076329
130:CBS Labs
81:, go to
712:Bibcode
662:3103142
330:Patents
215:minicam
872:(4–1).
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256:Earth.
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