861:. The functional properties of CMC depend on the degree of substitution of the cellulose structure (i.e., how many of the hydroxyl groups have been converted to carboxymethylene groups in the substitution reaction), as well as the chain length of the cellulose backbone structure and the degree of clustering of the carboxymethyl substituents. It is commonly used as a viscosity modifier or thickener and to stabilize emulsions in various products, both food and non-food-related. It is mainly used because it has a high viscosity, is nontoxic, and is generally considered to be hypoallergenic.
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by reducing the need for fat. CMC is also used as an emulsifier in biscuits. Dispersing fat uniformly in the dough improves the release of the dough from the molds and cutters, achieving well-shaped biscuits without any distorted edges. It can also help to reduce the amount of egg yolk or fat used in making the biscuits. The use of CMC in candy preparation ensures smooth dispersion in flavor oils and improves texture and quality. CMC is used in chewing gums, margarine, and peanut butter as an emulsifier.
743:
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1286:. Its low solubility is a result of a lower DS value (the number of carboxymethyl groups per anhydroglucose unit in the cellulose chain) compared to soluble CMC. Insoluble CMC offers physical properties similar to insoluble cellulose, while the negatively charged carboxylate groups allow it to bind to positively charged proteins. Insoluble CMC can also be chemically cross-linked to enhance the mechanical strength of the material.
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CMC powder is widely used in the ice cream industry, to make ice creams without churning or extremely low temperatures, thereby eliminating the need for conventional churners or salt ice mixes. CMC is used in baking breads and cakes. The use of CMC gives the loaf an improved quality at a reduced cost
3203:
Chassaing, Benoit; Compher, Charlene; Bonhomme, Brittaney; Liu, Qing; Tian, Yuan; Walters, William; Nessel, Lisa; Delaroque, Clara; Hao, Fuhua; Gershuni, Victoria; Chau, Lillian; Ni, Josephine; Bewtra, Meenakshi; Albenberg, Lindsey; Bretin, Alexis; McKeever, Liam; Ley, Ruth E.; Patterson, Andrew D.;
1147:
CMC is an ingredient used in over 50% of cosmetic products. As a thickening agent, it is used in formulations where viscosity needs to be precisely controlled. In hair care, about 25% of shampoos and conditioners utilize CMC for its conditioning and detangling effects. It is also used in the makeup
1080:
CMC's variable viscosity (high while cold, and low while hot) makes it useful in the preparation of cold foods and textures in beverages and edible gels. With a DS around 1.0, it can prevent dehydration and shrinkage of gelatin while also contributing to a more airy structure. In some foods, it can
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conversion. CMC was misused in early work with cellulase enzymes, as many had associated whole cellulase activity with CMC hydrolysis. As the mechanism of cellulose depolymerization became better understood, it became clear that exo-cellulases are dominant in the degradation of crystalline (e.g.
1380:
In laundry detergents, it is used as a soil suspension polymer designed to deposit onto cotton and other cellulosic fabrics, creating a negatively charged barrier to soils in the wash solution. CMC is also used as a thickening agent, for example, in the oil-drilling industry as an ingredient of
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crystals, in the presence of CMC, grow slower and change their morphology. Their shape becomes flatter because they lose 2 of the 7 faces, changing their dimensions. CMC molecules, negatively charged at wine pH, interact with the electropositive surface of the crystals, where potassium ions are
1135:
CMC is used in textiles as a thickening agent in textile printing, constituting about 2-3% of printing pastes. It is also used in fabric finishing to affect the fabric's texture. Additionally, CMC serves as a binding agent in non-woven fabrics, contributing to the strength and stability of the
622:. An additional purification process is used to remove salts to produce pure CMC, which is used for food and pharmaceutical applications. An intermediate "semi-purified" grade is also produced, which is typically used in paper applications such as the restoration of archival documents.
1118:
CMC is a common ingredient in cleaning products because of its thickening and stabilizing properties and nontoxic composition. In detergent and cleaning products, it can be used to enhance texture and assist in the suspension of dirt and grime in the cleaning product. Its adjustable
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CMC aids in pigment suspension and dispersion, binding other ingredients for even distribution. CMC, when combined with Fatty Acid
Ethanolamine or 2,2'-Iminodiethanol in a hair product, can form a thin film around the hair.
1126:
CMC helps with the removal of grease and aids in the creation of small bubbles in the soap. This, along with its ability to suspend dirt in mixtures, can make soaps and other cleaning products more efficient.
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and toothpaste industries to control the products' texture. Due to its ability to retain moisture, it is also used in skincare products. CMC serves as a film-forming agent in approximately 10% of sunscreens.
1188:. The device is soaked in water to form a gel, which is inserted into the nose of the balloon and inflated. The combination of the inflated balloon and the therapeutic effect of the CMC stops the bleeding.
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accumulated. The slower growth of the crystals and the modification of their shape are caused by the competition between CMC molecules and bitartrate ions for binding to the KHT crystals.
1426:
Aqueous solutions of CMC have also been used to disperse carbon nanotubes, where the long CMC molecules are thought to wrap around the nanotubes, allowing them to be dispersed in water.
1139:
CMC aids in thickening printing pastes, which makes the prints themselves more precise. It is also used to thicken dyes. Additionally, it is an alternative to synthetic thickeners.
821:-COOH) bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers that make up the cellulose backbone. It is often used as its sodium salt, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
1282:
Insoluble CMC (water-insoluble) can be used in the purification of proteins, particularly in the form of charged filtration membranes or as granules in cation-exchange resins for
2356:
Rahman, Md Saifur; Hasan, Md Saif; Nitai, Ashis
Sutradhar; Nam, Sunghyun; Karmakar, Aneek Krishna; Ahsan, Md Shameem; Shiddiky, Muhammad J. A.; Ahmed, Mohammad Boshir (2021).
1873:
Rahman, Md Saifur; Hasan, Md Saif; Nitai, Ashis
Sutradhar; Nam, Sunghyun; Karmakar, Aneek Krishna; Ahsan, Md Shameem; Shiddiky, Muhammad J. A.; Ahmed, Mohammad Boshir (2021).
2415:
Tudoroiu, Elena-Emilia; Dinu-Pîrvu, Cristina-Elena; Albu Kaya, Mădălina
Georgiana; Popa, Lăcrămioara; Anuța, Valentina; Prisada, Răzvan Mihai; Ghica, Mihaela Violeta (2021).
1981:
Tudoroiu, Elena-Emilia; Dinu-Pîrvu, Cristina-Elena; Albu Kaya, Mădălina
Georgiana; Popa, Lăcrămioara; Anuța, Valentina; Prisada, Răzvan Mihai; Ghica, Mihaela Violeta (2021).
3114:
1727:"Synthesis of Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Poly(acrylic acid) Microgels via Visible-Light-Triggered Polymerization as a Self-Sedimentary Cationic Basic Dye Adsorbent"
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2128:"Study of wine tartaric acid salt stabilization by addition of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC): comparison with the « protective colloids » effect"
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While thought to be uncommon, case reports of severe reactions to CMC exist. Skin testing is believed to be a useful diagnostic tool for this purpose.
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489:
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2755:"Use of a high-molecular-weight carboxymethylcellulose in a tissue protective solution for prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesions in ponies"
2519:
3206:"Randomized Controlled-Feeding Study of Dietary Emulsifier Carboxymethylcellulose Reveals Detrimental Impacts on the Gut Microbiota and Metabolome"
754: with: a more thorough, sourced description of the variability in structure and function that are available through synthesis. You can help by
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In veterinary medicine, CMC is used in abdominal surgeries in large animals, particularly horses, to prevent the formation of bowel adhesions.
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are a subject of research. Carboxymethyl cellulose, along with other emulsifiers, is suggested as a possible cause of inflammation of the gut
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CMC injections have been used to fraudulently increase the weight and visual appeal of shrimp and prawns so as to short-weight customers.
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2009. Bacterial overgrowth and inflammation of small intestine after carboxymethylcellulose ingestion in genetically susceptible mice.
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Determination de l'etat de supersaturation et effet des polysaccharides sur la crystallization du bitartrate de potassium dans les vins
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anodes. CMC's water solubility allows for less toxic and costly processing than with non-water-soluble binders, like the traditional
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products, filtration materials, synthetic membranes, wound healing applications, and also in leather crafting to help burnish edges.
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Determination of the state of supersaturation and effect of polysaccharides on the crystallization of potassium bitartrate in wines
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Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in applications ranging from food production to medical treatments. It is commonly used as a
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If the information is appropriate for the lead of the article, this information should also be included in the body of the article.
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complex); it is a highly specific substrate for endo-acting cellulases, as its structure has been engineered to decrystallize
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or cold stability in wine, which can prevent excess energy usage while chilling wine in warm climates. It is more stable than
1932:
1309:. Using CMC in enzyme assays is especially important in screening for cellulase enzymes that are needed for more efficient
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2334:
1662:
Hollabaugh, C. B.; Burt, Leland H.; Walsh, Anna
Peterson (October 1945). "Carboxymethylcellulose. Uses and Applications".
3011:"Role of carboxymethyl cellulose binder and its effect on the preparation process of anode slurries for Li-ion batteries"
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Bahramparvar, Maryam; Mazaheri
Tehrani, Mostafa (October 2011). "Application and Functions of Stabilizers in Ice Cream".
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and create amorphous sites that are ideal for endoglucanase action. CMC is desirable because the catalysis product (
706:
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Murphy, David J.; Peck, Lynn S.; Detrisac, Carol J.; Widenhouse, Christopher W.; Goldberg, Eugene P. (2002-10-01).
1136:
material. In sizing applications, about 1-3% of CMC is used to protect yarns during weaving to reduce breakages.
496:
2608:"Behandlung der anterioren Epistaxis mit Nasentamponade - Behandlung der anterioren Epistaxis mit Nasentamponade"
2474:
Zennifer, Allen; Senthilvelan, Praseetha; Sethuraman, Swaminathan; Sundaramurthi, Dhakshinamoorthy (2021-03-15).
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2170:"Effect of carboxymethylcellulose on potassium bitartrate crystallization on model solution and white wine"
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can be used to standardize the textures of the products, especially when used along with other chemicals.
323:
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2886:"Electrostatic and Hydrophobic Interactions in NaCMC Aqueous Solutions: Effect of Degree of Substitution"
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Moreover, CMC has been used extensively to characterize enzyme activity from endoglucanases (part of the
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1077:, mayonnaise, and beverages. It is also used extensively in gluten-free and reduced-fat food products.
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In conservation-restoration, it is used as an adhesive or fixative (commercial name
Walocel, Klucel).
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rubber (SBR) for electrodes requiring extra flexibility, e.g. for use with silicon-containing anodes.
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Bajul, Audrey; Gerbaud, Vincent; Teychene, Sébastien; Devatine, Audrey; Bajul, Gilles (2017-08-15).
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Following the initial reaction, the resultant mixture produces approximately 60% CMC and 40% salts (
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422:
3137:"The Role of Carrageenan and Carboxymethylcellulose in the Development of Intestinal Inflammation"
2267:
3313:
2476:"Key advances of carboxymethyl cellulose in tissue engineering & 3D bioprinting applications"
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Wu, Jiamin; Feng, Zhaoxue; Dong, Chaohong; Zhu, Ping; Qiu, Jianhui; Zhu, Longxiang (2022-03-29).
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MC and CMC: commercial preparations and various uses, including paper conservation; bibliography
2176:. Industrial Crystallization and Precipitation in France (CRISTAL-8), May 2016, Rouen (France).
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Gerbaud, Vincent; Gabas, Nadine; Blouin, Jacques; Crachereau, Jean-Christophe (2010-12-31).
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1958:"Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose – The Ideal Hydrocolloid for Bakery & Dough Products"
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2945:"Highly Size-Selective Water-Insoluble Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose Membranes"
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2681:"CMC packing in functional endoscopic sinus surgery: does it affect patient comfort?"
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2634:"Safety and efficacy of carboxymethylcellulose foam in guinea pig middle ear surgery"
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560:. It used to be marketed under the name Tylose, a registered trademark of SE Tylose.
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CMC is sometimes used as an electrode binder in advanced battery applications (i.e.
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2417:"An Overview of Cellulose Derivatives-Based Dressings for Wound-Healing Management"
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2012:
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1983:"An Overview of Cellulose Derivatives-Based Dressings for Wound-Healing Management"
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1808:"Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose CMC Uses In Papermaking Industry | Fortune Biotech"
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611:
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Nakayama, Ryo-ichi; Yano, Tomoya; Namiki, Norikazu; Imai, Masanao (2019-11-01).
2820:"Water insoluble and flexible transparent film based on carboxymethyl cellulose"
1092:
and is very effective in inhibiting tartrate precipitation. It is reported that
2968:
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Leunig, Andreas; Betz, Christian S.; Siedek, Vanessa; Kastl, Konrad G. (2009).
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Fabric used as a dressing following ear, nose, and throat surgical procedures.
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in both food and non-food products. It is used primarily because it has high
377:
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3241:
3172:
3135:
Martino, John
Vincent; Van Limbergen, Johan; Cahill, Leah E. (1 May 2017).
2920:
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2818:
Wang, Mengying; Jia, Xiangxiang; Liu, Wanshuang; Lin, Xiaobo (2021-03-01).
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Applications of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose As a Binder In
Batteries
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1999:
1638:
1352: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1254: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1011:
854:
834:
619:
455:
334:
1010:. It is also used in non-food products which include products such as
3204:
Wu, Gary D.; Gewirtz, Andrew T.; Lewis, James D. (11 November 2021).
3105:"Is common food additive to blame for rising rates of bowel disease?"
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and chemically reactive. Fabrics made of cellulose – e.g., cotton or
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
65:
1412:
1385:, where it acts as a viscosity modifier and water retention agent.
1201:, and this gel is inserted into the sinus cavity following surgery.
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842:
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2632:
Antonelli, Patrick J.; Sampson, Edith M.; Lang, Dustin M. (2010).
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contains information that is not included elsewhere in the article
2884:
Lopez, Carlos G.; Colby, Ralph H.; Cabral, João T. (2018-04-24).
1548:
1298:
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CMC is a white or lightly yellow powder with no odor, flavor, or
817:
residues linked by -1,4-linkage. It has carboxymethyl groups (-CH
600:
549:
542:
539:
3015:
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects
3009:
Park, Jeong Hoon; Kim, Sun Hyung; Ahn, Kyung Hyun (2023-05-05).
2414:
2042:"Food Processing Technologies for Reduction of Fat in Products"
1980:
573:
314:
2542:"Cellulose-Based Hydrogels as Sustained Drug-Delivery Systems"
2725:"Carboxymethylcellulose: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings"
1784:"Carboxymethylcellulose - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"
1607:
1194:
1185:
1184:(PVC) balloon is covered by CMC knitted fabric reinforced by
1043:
1027:
1023:
604:
294:
2752:
2540:
Ciolacu, Diana Elena; Nicu, Raluca; Ciolacu, Florin (2020).
2294:
2167:
2125:
1807:
1404:(NMP) for processing. CMC is often used in conjunction with
410:
3202:
592:
3134:
1198:
2331:"C.m.c. Glossary – Recipes with C.m.c. - Tarladalal.com"
2225:"Fraudulent and deceptive practices on seafood products"
1006:, as the major source fiber is either softwood pulp or
2942:
2282:"COSMETICS GRADE CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE APPLICATIONS"
2254:"DETERGENT GRADE CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE APPLICATIONS"
16:
Cellulose derivative grafted with carboxymethyl groups
3185:
Swidsinski, Alexander; Ung, Victoria; Sydora, Beate;
2678:
1833:
841:
solution. It is not soluble in organic solvents like
370:
2631:
2268:"TEXTILE GRADE CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE APPLICATIONS"
903:, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a
3261:
American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology
2355:
1872:
1661:
1558:, and has been suggested as a triggering factor in
1169:CMC is also used in numerous medical applications.
837:and dissolves well in hot or cold water, forming a
90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2539:
1933:"CP Kelco Cellulose Gum / Carboxymethyl Cellulose"
618:). This product, called technical CMC, is used in
2070:"FOOD GRADE CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE APPLICATIONS"
1002:, is nontoxic, and is generally considered to be
797:CMC is a derivative of the regenerated cellulose
3300:
2883:
2358:"Recent Developments of Carboxymethyl Cellulose"
1875:"Recent Developments of Carboxymethyl Cellulose"
1610:"Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Cellulose gum)"
1423:, and therefore more cooling capacity than ice.
282:
1834:Ergun, R.; Guo, J.; Huebner-Keese, B. (2016).
1314:Avicel) and not soluble (e.g. CMC) cellulose.
1054:CMC is registered as E466 or E469 (when it is
2817:
1724:
1655:
1081:be used to control oil and moisture content.
2051:. Scotland Food & Drink. Archived from
705:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
664:Learn how and when to remove these messages
625:
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3008:
2099:Institut National Polytechnique de Talouse
425:
360:
3231:
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3162:
3152:
2919:
2909:
2793:"Whatman Filters & Sample Collection"
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2432:
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2016:
1998:
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1847:
1527:Learn how and when to remove this message
1368:Learn how and when to remove this message
1270:Learn how and when to remove this message
1213:solutions for the treatment of dry eyes.
1155:
923:Learn how and when to remove this message
780:Learn how and when to remove this message
725:Learn how and when to remove this message
392:
218:Learn how and when to remove this message
200:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
2039:
1219:
1209:, CMC is used as a lubricating agent in
261:Carboxymethylcellulose; carmellose; E466
3257:"Anaphylaxis to carboxymethylcellulose"
2949:Journal of Polymers and the Environment
2759:American Journal of Veterinary Research
2082:
1925:
1829:
1827:
1164:
421:
3301:
1664:Industrial & Engineering Chemistry
1608:Codex Alimentarius Commission (2016).
1463:Please improve this section by adding
884:contains content that is written like
351:
3289:CMC chemical structure and properties
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3102:
2337:from the original on 15 December 2016
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322:
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2638:Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
2083:Gerbaud, Vincent (18 October 1996).
2049:Food & Health Innovation Service
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1436:
1432:
1350:adding citations to reliable sources
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1252:adding citations to reliable sources
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703:adding citations to reliable sources
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88:adding citations to reliable sources
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18:
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1950:
1690:"CMC Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose"
813:(Na). The CMC backbone consists of
13:
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1706:from the original on 12 April 2023
607:– may also be converted into CMC.
14:
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1556:human gastrointestinal microbiota
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961:and remove advice or instruction.
645:This section has multiple issues.
34:This section has multiple issues.
2144:10.20870/oeno-one.2010.44.4.1474
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3191:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 15
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1840:Encyclopedia of Food and Health
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1620:from the original on 2017-09-12
1562:such as ulcerative colitis and
1337:needs additional citations for
1239:needs additional citations for
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1073:in various products, including
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978:
653:or discuss these issues on the
470:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
75:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
3027:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131130
2194:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2017.03.024
1866:
1812:Jining Fortune Biotech Co.,Ltd
1800:
1776:
1718:
1682:
1631:
1601:
563:
558:sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
1:
3103:Healy, Melissa (2015-02-25).
2836:10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117353
2492:10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117561
1594:
1465:secondary or tertiary sources
1400:(PVDF), which requires toxic
1317:
1301:) is easily measured using a
1100:
824:
3223:10.1053/j.gastro.2021.11.006
2911:10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00178
2650:10.1016/j.otohns.2009.11.009
2309:10.1080/87559129.2011.563399
1743:10.1021/acs.Langmuir.1c03196
1554:, through alteration of the
792:
534:-COOH) bound to some of the
7:
1572:
1560:inflammatory bowel diseases
1284:ion-exchange chromatography
568:Carboxymethyl cellulose is
10:
3340:
2969:10.1007/s10924-019-01532-w
2297:Food Reviews International
801:with hydroxy-acetic acid (
552:. It is often used in its
2771:10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.1448
2174:Journal of Crystal Growth
1476:"Carboxymethyl cellulose"
1307:3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid
464:
437:
266:
258:
253:
244:
235:
99:"Carboxymethyl cellulose"
2612:MSD Manual Profi-Ausgabe
1056:enzymatically hydrolyzed
811:sodium monochloroacetate
626:Structure and properties
231:Carboxymethyl cellulose
3154:10.3389/fped.2017.00096
3141:Frontiers in Pediatrics
1584:Hydroxypropyl cellulose
1398:polyvinylidene fluoride
1172:Some examples include:
1084:CMC is used to achieve
864:
509:Carboxymethyl cellulose
2214:Cracherau et al. 2001.
1639:"Products – SE Tylose"
1452:relies excessively on
1421:a lower freezing point
1156:Specific culinary uses
460:variable
2824:Carbohydrate Polymers
2480:Carbohydrate Polymers
2375:10.3390/polym13081345
2234:. European Commission
2101:. Docket 961NP1030G.
2097:(Ph.D.) (in French).
1892:10.3390/polym13081345
1788:www.sciencedirect.com
1579:Croscarmellose sodium
1543:, microbiota-related
1390:lithium ion batteries
1220:Research applications
905:neutral point of view
599:render the cellulose
1411:CMC is also used in
1346:improve this article
1248:improve this article
1165:Medical applications
1058:). It is used for a
959:rewrite this section
803:hydroxyethanoic acid
699:improve this section
528:carboxymethyl groups
84:improve this article
2961:2019JPEnv..27.2439N
2902:2018MaMol..51.3165L
2558:2020Mate...13.5270C
2284:. 13 November 2023.
2270:. 13 November 2023.
2256:. 13 November 2023.
2186:2017JCrGr.472...54B
1676:10.1021/ie50430a015
1402:n-methylpyrrolidone
1392:), especially with
1197:is added to form a
1182:poly-vinyl chloride
1180:(nose bleeding). A
897:promotional content
232:
3324:E-number additives
3086:"Use in ice packs"
3071:2017-12-04 at the
2567:10.3390/ma13225270
2434:10.3390/ph14121215
2072:. 3 November 2023.
2000:10.3390/ph14121215
1545:metabolic syndrome
1311:cellulosic ethanol
1107:Shrimp and prawns:
899:and inappropriate
833:properties. It is
583:of cellulose with
497:Infobox references
230:
3255:Lieberman, Phil.
3110:Los Angeles Times
2955:(11): 2439–2444.
2765:(10): 1448–1454.
1737:(12): 3711–3719.
1537:
1536:
1529:
1511:
1433:Adverse reactions
1406:styrene-butadiene
1378:
1377:
1370:
1280:
1279:
1272:
1090:metatartaric acid
976:
975:
952:a manual or guide
933:
932:
925:
790:
789:
782:
772:
771:
735:
734:
727:
668:
585:chloroacetic acid
545:that make up the
505:Chemical compound
503:
502:
406:CompTox Dashboard
378:(thickeners, ...)
228:
227:
220:
210:
209:
202:
160:
159:
152:
134:
57:
3331:
3319:Cellulose ethers
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3235:
3225:
3210:Gastroenterology
3200:
3194:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3166:
3156:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3092:on July 8, 2011.
3088:. Archived from
3082:
3076:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2923:
2913:
2896:(8): 3165–3175.
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2795:. Archived from
2789:
2783:
2782:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2587:
2569:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2454:
2436:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2395:
2377:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2229:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2165:
2156:
2155:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2107:
2096:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2046:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2020:
2002:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1963:. Archived from
1962:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1935:. Archived from
1929:
1923:
1922:
1912:
1894:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1851:
1831:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1705:
1694:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1643:www.setulose.com
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1605:
1589:Methyl cellulose
1532:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1469:
1445:
1437:
1417:eutectic mixture
1373:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1330:
1322:
1275:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1255:
1232:
1224:
1211:artificial tears
971:
968:
962:
950:is written like
943:
942:
935:
928:
921:
917:
914:
908:
886:an advertisement
877:
876:
869:
785:
778:
767:
764:
745:
737:
730:
723:
719:
716:
710:
679:
671:
660:
638:
637:
630:
616:sodium glycolate
487:
481:
478:
477:
445:Chemical formula
430:
429:
414:
412:
396:
372:
364:
353:
326:
306:
286:
249:
240:
233:
229:
223:
216:
205:
198:
194:
191:
185:
170:
169:
162:
155:
148:
144:
141:
135:
133:
92:
68:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3299:
3298:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3270:
3268:
3253:
3249:
3201:
3197:
3184:
3180:
3133:
3129:
3120:
3118:
3101:
3097:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3073:Wayback Machine
3065:
3061:
3052:
3050:
3007:
3003:
2994:
2992:
2941:
2937:
2882:
2878:
2869:
2867:
2816:
2812:
2802:
2800:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2751:
2747:
2738:
2736:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2709:
2707:
2677:
2673:
2630:
2626:
2617:
2615:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2538:
2534:
2525:
2523:
2472:
2468:
2421:Pharmaceuticals
2413:
2409:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2293:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2237:
2235:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2166:
2159:
2124:
2120:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2094:
2081:
2077:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2055:
2044:
2038:
2034:
1987:Pharmaceuticals
1979:
1975:
1967:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1942:
1940:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1871:
1867:
1860:
1832:
1825:
1816:
1814:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1792:
1790:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1768:
1766:
1723:
1719:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1670:(10): 943–947.
1660:
1656:
1647:
1645:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1623:
1621:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1575:
1564:Crohn's disease
1533:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1470:
1468:
1462:
1458:primary sources
1446:
1435:
1374:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1343:
1331:
1320:
1305:assay, such as
1276:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1245:
1233:
1222:
1167:
1158:
1145:
1133:
1116:
1103:
1052:
981:
972:
966:
963:
956:
944:
940:
929:
918:
912:
909:
890:
878:
874:
867:
827:
820:
808:
800:
795:
786:
775:
774:
773:
768:
762:
759:
752:needs expansion
746:
731:
720:
714:
711:
696:
680:
639:
635:
628:
612:sodium chloride
605:viscose (rayon)
597:carboxyl groups
566:
533:
506:
499:
494:
493:
492: ?)
483:
479:
475:
471:
450:variable
447:
433:
415:
408:
399:
345:
329:
309:
289:
276:
262:
224:
213:
212:
211:
206:
195:
189:
186:
183:
175:This article's
171:
167:
156:
145:
139:
136:
93:
91:
81:
69:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3337:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3314:Food additives
3311:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3284:
3283:External links
3281:
3278:
3277:
3247:
3216:(3): 743–756.
3195:
3178:
3127:
3095:
3077:
3059:
3001:
2935:
2890:Macromolecules
2876:
2810:
2784:
2745:
2716:
2671:
2644:(3): 405–408.
2624:
2599:
2532:
2466:
2407:
2348:
2322:
2303:(4): 389–407.
2287:
2273:
2259:
2245:
2216:
2207:
2157:
2118:
2075:
2061:
2058:on 2014-10-23.
2032:
1973:
1970:on 2015-06-26.
1949:
1924:
1865:
1858:
1823:
1799:
1775:
1717:
1697:colonygums.com
1681:
1654:
1630:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1574:
1571:
1535:
1534:
1449:
1447:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1376:
1375:
1334:
1332:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1303:reducing sugar
1278:
1277:
1236:
1234:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1203:
1202:
1192:
1189:
1166:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1144:
1143:Cosmetics uses
1141:
1132:
1129:
1115:
1114:Detergent uses
1112:
1111:
1110:
1102:
1099:
1051:
1048:
1004:hypoallergenic
980:
977:
974:
973:
947:
945:
938:
931:
930:
901:external links
881:
879:
872:
866:
863:
826:
823:
818:
806:
798:
794:
791:
788:
787:
770:
769:
749:
747:
740:
733:
732:
683:
681:
674:
669:
643:
642:
640:
633:
627:
624:
565:
562:
538:groups of the
531:
504:
501:
500:
495:
473:
472:
468:standard state
465:
462:
461:
458:
452:
451:
448:
443:
440:
439:
435:
434:
432:
431:
418:
416:
404:
401:
400:
398:
397:
389:
387:
381:
380:
374:
366:
365:
355:
347:
346:
344:
343:
339:
337:
331:
330:
328:
327:
319:
317:
311:
310:
308:
307:
299:
297:
291:
290:
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287:
279:
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272:
269:
268:
264:
263:
260:
256:
255:
251:
250:
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241:
226:
225:
208:
207:
174:
172:
165:
158:
157:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3336:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3251:
3243:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3199:
3193:(3), 359–364.
3192:
3188:
3182:
3174:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3131:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3099:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3005:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2939:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2921:10044/1/58673
2917:
2912:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2880:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2814:
2799:on 2 May 2013
2798:
2794:
2788:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2628:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2536:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2470:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2411:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2352:
2336:
2332:
2326:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2291:
2283:
2277:
2269:
2263:
2255:
2249:
2233:
2226:
2220:
2211:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2164:
2162:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2122:
2104:
2100:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2079:
2071:
2065:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1966:
1959:
1953:
1939:on 2013-08-24
1938:
1934:
1928:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1869:
1861:
1859:9780123849533
1855:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1828:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1702:
1698:
1691:
1685:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1658:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1604:
1600:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1531:
1528:
1520:
1517:November 2022
1509:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1478: –
1477:
1473:
1472:Find sources:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1450:This section
1448:
1444:
1439:
1438:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:resulting in
1418:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1372:
1369:
1361:
1358:November 2022
1351:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1335:This section
1333:
1329:
1324:
1323:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1285:
1274:
1271:
1263:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1237:This section
1235:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1207:ophthalmology
1200:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1162:
1153:
1149:
1140:
1137:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1008:cotton linter
1005:
1001:
997:
994:
990:
986:
970:
960:
955:
953:
948:This section
946:
937:
936:
927:
924:
916:
906:
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1050:Food science
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979:Introduction
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895:by removing
891:Please help
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259:Other names
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82:Please help
77:verification
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36:Please help
33:
2614:(in German)
2368:(8): 1345.
2232:marketac.eu
1885:(8): 1345.
1842:: 694–702.
1836:"Cellulose"
1614:GFSA Online
1539:Effects on
1176:Device for
1038:, reusable
835:hygroscopic
570:synthesized
564:Preparation
554:sodium salt
438:Properties
358:100.120.377
304:CHEBI:85146
3303:Categories
3271:2017-07-12
3121:2017-07-12
3053:2023-08-09
3021:: 131130.
2995:2023-08-08
2870:2023-08-08
2830:: 117353.
2803:9 November
2739:2023-08-08
2710:2024-06-21
2618:2024-06-21
2526:2023-08-08
2486:: 117561.
2341:9 November
2138:(4): 231.
2112:2017-05-07
1943:2013-07-17
1817:2024-07-12
1793:2024-07-12
1769:2023-11-02
1648:2022-11-17
1624:2017-05-08
1595:References
1487:newspapers
1454:references
1415:to form a
1318:Other uses
1101:Food fraud
1042:, various
1040:heat packs
1034:, textile
1032:detergents
1012:toothpaste
967:April 2024
913:April 2024
893:improve it
855:chloroform
825:Properties
650:improve it
620:detergents
524:derivative
456:Molar mass
394:05JZI7B19X
335:ChemSpider
274:CAS Number
110:newspapers
39:improve it
3309:Cellulose
3043:256917952
3035:0927-7757
2985:199474275
2977:1572-8919
2930:0024-9297
2860:228813982
2844:0144-8617
2729:Drugs.com
2697:0300-0729
2685:Rhinology
2658:0194-5998
2576:1996-1944
2546:Materials
2516:231689461
2500:0144-8617
2443:1424-8247
2384:2073-4360
2202:0022-0248
2180:: 54–63.
2152:2494-1271
2009:1424-8247
1901:2073-4360
1751:0743-7463
1413:ice packs
1295:cellulose
1291:cellulase
1260:July 2019
1178:epistaxis
1121:viscosity
1075:ice cream
1071:emulsions
1068:stabilize
1064:thickener
1060:viscosity
1016:laxatives
1000:viscosity
996:emulsions
993:stabilize
989:thickener
985:viscosity
831:poisonous
815:D-glucose
793:Structure
686:does not
656:talk page
591:(organic
578:catalyzed
547:cellulose
521:cellulose
284:9004-32-4
45:talk page
3265:Archived
3242:34774538
3173:28507982
3115:Archived
3069:Archived
3047:Archived
2989:Archived
2864:Archived
2852:33436193
2779:12371775
2733:Archived
2705:19382492
2666:20172389
2594:33233413
2520:Archived
2508:33483063
2461:34959615
2402:33924089
2362:Polymers
2335:Archived
2317:43187328
2132:OENO One
2103:Archived
2027:34959615
1919:33924089
1879:Polymers
1763:Archived
1759:35290066
1731:Langmuir
1701:Archived
1618:Archived
1573:See also
1394:graphite
1086:tartrate
843:methanol
581:reaction
550:backbone
543:monomers
536:hydroxyl
371:E number
3233:9639366
3164:5410598
2957:Bibcode
2898:Bibcode
2585:7700533
2554:Bibcode
2452:8706040
2393:8074295
2238:23 June
2182:Bibcode
2018:8706040
1910:8074295
1616:. FAO.
1549:colitis
1501:scholar
1299:glucose
1066:and to
1026:-based
1022:pills,
991:and to
859:benzene
851:acetone
847:ethanol
839:viscous
707:removed
692:sources
601:soluble
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