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550:. She was immediately charmed by this prince who was eight years her senior. Reportedly she stated: "it will be him that I will marry". Her father left Charlotte the choice of her future husband; as she testified in a letter addressed to her grandmother Maria Amalia: "He wrote me the most impartial letter, putting before my eyes the advantages of one and the other without wanting to influence me in any way". As for Leopold I, he wrote to his future son-in-law: "You won in May all my confidence and my benevolence. I also noticed that my little girl shared these dispositions; however it was my duty to proceed with precaution". Charlotte declared: "If, as it is in question, the Archduke was invested with the Viceroyalty of Italy, that would be charming, that's all I want". The official engagement was celebrated on 23 December 1856.
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security forces for the last nine months. After two weeks of negotiations, Queen Marie
Henriette and Goffinet succeeded in removing Charlotte from the guardianship of her in-laws and convincing her to return with them to Belgium. This success was largely thanks to Jan Frans Bulckens, a Belgian psychiatrist sent by Leopold II to care for his sister. Bulckens and his medical team kept Charlotte under close observation and determined that, due to the Dowager Empress' mental state, she could not be told of the execution of her husband. With the help of this medical team, Queen Marie Henriette devised a plan to give her sister-in-law a faked telegram from Maximilian, in which he asked her to come back to Brussels. The scheme worked and Charlotte, with the Belgian delegation, left Miramare for the last time.
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820:
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1414:
726:. The construction of the castle continued throughout 1860, according to plans prepared by Maximilian and financed in part from Charlotte's dowry. Her brother, the future Leopold II, noted in his diary: "The construction of this palace in these days is a limitless madness". In correspondence Charlotte painted an idyllic portrait of this time in Miramare, though the estrangement of the two spouses appeared to became more marked. Charlotte practiced horseback riding, painting and swimming. She played a major part in planning the layout and statuary of the extensive gardens of Miramare, while contributing some of her own paintings to the gallery of the palace.
594:
466:
42:
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withdrawal of the French expeditionary force, Maximilian would only have the support of a small force of imperial
Mexican soldiers and a contingent of Belgian and Austrian volunteers, which were easily outnumbered by rebel forces. The announcement of the French withdrawal encouraged the Belgian legation to leave the country. In a desperate attempt to save her husband's throne, Charlotte resolved to personally persuade Napoleon III to reconsider his decision. On 9 July 1866, Charlotte, with Maximilian's concurrence, set sail for Europe from the port of Veracruz upon the transatlantic ocean liner
1869:
1352:, and returned to Brussels in early July 1867. Ultimately, Charlotte's family elected not to tell her of her husband's demise. With Maximilian's death, guardianship of Charlotte became an issue: she had so far accepted her confinement in Miramare, then in Austrian territory, believing that her husband demanded this confinement for her safety. Her brother, Leopold II, believed that there was no reason for Charlotte to stay in Austria and preferred that she return to her homeland of Belgium. However, after the arrest of Maximilian on 15 May, his brother Emperor
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1454:. Agustín de Iturbide y Green later emigrated to the United States, while Salvador de Iturbide y de Marzán remained in Europe. In May 1869, Charlotte left the Palace of Laeken to return to the Pavilion de Tervueren, where 37 people were assigned to her service. She continued a passionate worship of her late husband's memory, collecting everything that had belonged to him. After the Pavilion de Tervueren was destroyed by a fire on 2 March 1879 (which Charlotte was paradoxically delighted by), she resided permanently at
943:
1052:" and similar imperial titles were accorded to various members of the child's extended family. He also ensured that the secret treaty between him and the House of Iturbide was published in European newspapers, which prevented Charlotte or anyone else from being able to attempt a reversal of the adoption. Despite these actions, it appears Maximilian never intended to give Agustín or Salvador the throne, because they were not of royal blood. He himself explained that it was all a charade to convince his younger brother
383:
539:. The latter was the favorite candidate of both Queen Victoria and King Leopold I. By personal choice, and under the influence of Madame d'Hulst (who affirmed that at the Portuguese court no priest would understand her), Charlotte declined the offer of marriage with King Pedro V. She explained: "As for Pedro, it is a throne, it is true, I would be Queen and Majesty but what is that, the crowns nowadays are heavy burdens and how one regrets later to have yielded to such crazy considerations".
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1443:. The residence, however, was insufficiently furnished and poorly heated in the winter. She therefore joined King Leopold II and Queen Marie Henriette at the Palace of Laeken, where she moved into the former apartments of her brothers. When Charlotte finally learned, in January 1868, of the execution of her husband six months prior, she was shattered. In a set of nearly 400 letters found in 1995 (mainly intended for a French officer whom she had met in Mexico,
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1328:
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1250:, had been doubtful of the Mexican adventure, and his son, now Leopold II, while once a staunch supporter of his sister's ambitions, could no longer ignore the hostility of the Belgians towards further involvement in Mexico, especially in view of the significant losses incurred there by the Belgian Legion. Charlotte was now isolated and could no longer count on further European support.
798:. However, Maximilian hesitated and was slow to agree to this venture. Emperor Franz Joseph I was ambivalent to the proposal and his ministers questioned its wisdom. Maximilian made his assent subject to ratification by the Mexican people. The strong-willed Charlotte believed that restoring the Mexican crown would constitute a mission to bring order and civilization under the
1048:. Agustín was only two years old when he was adopted and was forcibly separated from his mother, under Maximilian's orders. This situation upset Charlotte, who was forced by her husband to go and fetch the child herself from his biological parents. By this point, public opinion of Maximilian was almost unanimously negative. He gave Agustín de Iturbide y Green the title of "
1538:, had a sign affixed to the gates of the castle, which read as follows: "This domain, property of the Crown of Belgium, is occupied by Her Majesty the Empress of Mexico, Archduchess Maximilian of Austria, sister-in-law of Emperor Franz Joseph, our illustrious ally. I order the German soldiers passing by here not to ring the bell and to leave the place untouched".
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the study of the psychological aspect of the pathology of
Charlotte. They evoke biographical and personal influences to explain the Empress' dementia, namely: the loss of her mother at only 10 years old (which originated the radical transformation of her playful and expansive character towards introversion), her keen sense of duty, her high
2946:(for whom van der Smissen would later become aide-de-camp) provided protection for the child from a distance, providing funds which enabled him to be adopted by a family in Nimal, and then by the French Weygand family. Paoli claimed to have found evidence that Maxime Weygand was the illegitimate child of Alfred van der Smissen and Princess
585:, wife of Franz Joseph I, whom Sophie treated rather cruelly. It is said that Charlotte disliked the deep connection that existed between Elisabeth and Maximilian, who were confidantes and shared the same tastes for many things, especially because her sister-in-law was universally admired for her beauty and charm.
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The proponents of this view pointed to a child born in
Brussels on 23 January 1867 and declared of unknown parentage as Charlotte's illegitimate child, but this date of birth did not coincide with Charlotte's presence in Brussels (she had been confined to Miramare since October 1866 where she stayed
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confirmed the theory that, after the execution of
Maximilian in Mexico, Charlotte's in-laws were concerned mostly with the fate of her fortune rather than the health and wellbeing of Charlotte herself. For the Austrian Imperial Court, it was in their financial interest to keep her in Miramare. There,
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in Rome. After a one-month stay in
Trieste, Charlotte left for the Vatican to try and win continuing support from the pontiff for the Imperial regime in Mexico. Pope Pius IX, however, saw no reason to further implicate the Church in the disastrous Mexican venture. On her way to Rome, Charlotte showed
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of 18 August 1866 confirmed the position of
Napoleon III and formally opposed maintaining any military presence by France in Mexico. On 19 August, Napoleon III went personally to Le Grand Hôtel for a third and final meeting with Charlotte, to confirm to her that France would no longer continue to act
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in front of her, Charlotte wrote to her grandmother: "In a few hours we will touch the ground of our new homeland...I am delighted with the
Tropics and I only dream of butterflies and hummingbirds I would never have believed that in what regards the regions where we are going to live, my wishes were
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and
Empress of Mexico. He affirmed that the wishes of the Mexican people allowed him to consider himself as the legitimate elected representative of the people. In reality, the Archduke was persuaded by a few Mexican conservatives who incorrectly assured him of massive popular support. For supporting
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Leopold I demanded that his children carry out frequent examinations of conscience, believing that crowned heads must possess great strength of character. After Madame d'Hulst returned to France, it was
Countess Marie-Auguste de Bovée, her new governess, who educated Charlotte, urging her to read and
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Other authors, such as Laurence Van Ypersele, Émile Meurice, Dominique Paoli and Coralie Vankerkhoven, relying both on Charlotte's correspondence (in the year 1869 alone, from February to June, she wrote some 400 letters and notes) and on the reports written by the doctors who examined her, favoured
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Her lady-in-waiting, Hélène, Countess of Reinach-Foussemagne, said about Charlotte: "Most of the time, the unfortunate woman was absorbed in long silences, or on the contrary in heated discussions in French, English, German, Italian, Spanish, with imaginary interlocutors, discussions too incoherent,
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to Vienna to plead with the Emperor to allow for the release of Charlotte and her return to Belgium as soon as possible. When Queen Marie Henriette arrived at Miramare on 14 July 1867, she discovered Charlotte in a terrible physical and mental state, having been treated as a prisoner by the Austrian
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On 24 September 1866, Charlotte arrived in Rome. Three days later, on 27 September, she had an audience with Pope Pius IX, but as was expected, the pontiff was reluctant to use his influence to intervene in French politics on the behalf of the Mexican Empire. Charlotte became despondent. Overwhelmed
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to the dissidents who surrendered, declared in its first article: "All individuals belonging to bands or armed gatherings existing without legal authorization, whether or not they proclaim a political pretext will be tried militarily by the martial courts. If they are guilty, even though it is only
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for a further meeting with the Pope, still dressed in mourning and with her face reportedly displaying sunken eyes and flushed cheeks. Crying hysterically, she refused to return to her hotel and begged to be sheltered for the night in the papal apartments, convinced that assassins sent by Napoleon
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Despite the idyllic descriptions of Mexico that Maximilian and Charlotte wrote to their relatives in Europe, it did not take long for them to realize the insecurity and disorder which plagued their Empire. Their residences were perpetually monitored by a large armed guard intended to push back the
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Charlotte kept the island of Lokrum among her personal property. Due to his sister's dementia, King Leopold II was appointed guardian and took charge of the maintenance of the property for a few years before the island of Lokrum was placed under the administration of the intendant of the imperial
1462:(not far from the Palace of Laeken), which her brother, King Leopold II, acquired for her. In the final years of his life, the King diligently supervised the care of his sister. The Dowager Empress of Mexico wrote notes of profound gratitude for the care she received from her brother and nephews.
1303:, had a bed moved into the pontifical library for her, making Charlotte the first woman known to have slept in the Vatican. In the following days, she confined herself to her hotel room, leaving only to drink water from public fountains, with a goblet that she had taken from the papal apartments.
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Shaken by Napoleon III's refusal, on 21 August Charlotte left France for Miramare Castle in Trieste; on the journey there, her mental health showed signs of worsening — passing by a farmer, she became convinced that he was an assassin. She persistently shouted at her coachman to drive faster. She
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as a summer residence. Shortly after their arrival in Mexico, they commenced costly improvements to their various properties and surroundings, despite the Mexican treasury being in a critical condition. Charlotte took a leading role in the various festivals, military parades, balls and theatrical
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Charlotte appeared elated by the prospect of her marriage to Maximilian, praising a fiancé for whom she envisioned an exceptional destiny. Maximilian appeared less enthusiastic when negotiating the dowry of his bride. The Archduke said of his fiancée: "She's short, I'm tall, which must be. She's
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to Rome, where he arrived on 8 October 1866. Two days later, Prince Philippe escorted his very depressed and unstable sister, and the two princes of Iturbide, to Miramare Castle. There, Charlotte persisted in her obsession with poisoning. The Count of Flanders reported their sister's erratic and
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and had profound cognitive and emotional collapse. Two days later, she returned to Saint-Cloud to attempt another negotiation with Napoleon III. A lively discussion broke out in the presence of Empress Eugénie, who sank into an armchair, pretending to faint. The first signs of Charlotte's mental
1141:. When Charlotte met Maximilian again in Cuernavaca, the day before New Year's Day 1866, he informed her of the new legislative projects he had conceived. Charlotte and her husband stayed for a few days in Cuernavaca, where on the morning of 6 January, she learned of the death of her father King
530:
In her youth, Charlotte resembled her mother, and was noted as being a beauty possessing delicate features. This, combined with her status as the only daughter of the King of the Belgians, made her a desirable match. In 1856, as she was preparing to celebrate her sixteenth birthday, two suitors
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A year after the arrival of Maximilian and Charlotte, the situation in Mexico remained unstable. Charlotte wrote: "As disaster does not come alone, the interior continues to be ravaged. Bands emerge as if from underground where there was none before". The perpetual question of financing caused
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In January 1866, Emperor Napoleon III, influenced by French public hostility to the Mexican expedition, decided to begin the withdrawal of his troops supporting the Imperial cause in Mexico. This strategic pullback was a potentially fatal blow to the infant Mexican monarchy; at the end of the
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When her mother died on 11 October 1850, Charlotte was only 10 years old. The boisterous and expansive little girl quickly became a pensive and introverted teenager. The late Queen Louise had personally overseen the education and instruction of the royal children. Respecting the wishes of his
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to be childish. Very early on, she was convinced that royalty would have to be more accountable to God than the rest of humanity. Her obsession with learning made society bland, she wrote at 15. At this age, Charlotte was seen as a distant beauty, aware of her dignity and seeking to achieve
772:
On 3 October 1863, a delegation of conservative Mexican notables arrived at Miramare Castle to formally offer the Archduke the crown of their country. They were mostly reactionary expatriates who were resident in Europe and enjoyed only limited support in their native country. In reality,
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documents, the Mexican deputation produced "acts of adhesion" containing population numbers for localities within Mexico that were purportedly surveyed. Maximilian instructed the delegation "to ensure by all means the well-being, prosperity, independence and integrity of this nation".
1232:, but the Emperor was unwavering in his position, affirming that he could not decide anything without the approval of his ministers and that he refused to negotiate new financial and military guarantees in favour of Mexico. Her mission ruined, Charlotte began manifesting symptoms of
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to serve as the nominal emperor of Mexico. His choice was Maximilian, who no longer held any power in the Austrian-ruled parts of northern Italy and was eager for a more challenging role. The Emperor of the French promised to support Maximilian militarily if he agreed to leave for
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rebel bands which roamed nearby. French intervention, supported by the Belgian and Austrian contingents and local Mexican Imperial troops, was followed by a long civil war which disrupted every aspect of Mexican life. The approximately 30,000 to 40,000 soldiers of the
1223:
where Charlotte was staying, hoping to deter the determined Empress of Mexico from her plans to meet him in person. But Charlotte could not be dissuaded and Eugénie made arrangements for a first meeting between the two of them the next day, 11 August, at Saint-Cloud.
1722:, Charlotte wrote to her husband on 8 December 1865: "The doctor is very nice. Without her well-suited little medications, I would probably have fallen ill and could not have taken all of this. On several occasions it seemed to me that there was poison in the air".
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relating to the final fate of humanity and the consummation of things, where one or more otherworldly figures reveal a transcendental reality to the visionary. In this view, Charlotte utilized the language of the Book of Revelation to reorder her inner world.
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in her domain of Bouchout, who was a specialist in the representation of horses and close to the royal family, in particular Princess Clémentine. After Charlotte's death, the artist continued to occupy the outbuildings of the castle until his death in 1948.
868:, who found the new Emperor prostrate and so overwhelmed that the doctor instructed him to rest in the garden house of the estate. Charlotte therefore presided at the banquet alone. The departure for Mexico was set for 14 April. Once on board the Austrian
2934:. As an adult, Weygand did indeed share a certain physical resemblance to Alfred van der Smissen, which some took as evidence of Charlotte and van der Smissen's affair. This theory was disproved by Dominique Paoli and presented in a television program by
1718:'s research corroborates this possibility, namely that Charlotte could have been "little by little intoxicated while she was still in Mexico, by the introduction in her food for a prolonged time of a psychotropic drug". When she made an official visit to
1487:. She was not informed of the death of her close relatives (King Leopold II in 1909 and her sister-in-law, the Countess of Flanders, wife of her brother Philippe, in 1912), nor that of her servants because she never asked questions about their absence.
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physician, diagnosed "madness with fixed ideas of persecution", believing that the Mexican climate and the humiliating treatment that Charlotte received in France aggravated her condition. At Miramare, Charlotte was sequestered in the pavilion of the
1447:), she declares herself "dead" at the fall of the Mexican Empire. These letters by their number and their length (sometimes up to twenty pages) also offer the testimony of her daily life punctuated by paranoia attacks and the treatment given to her.
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In 1938, the Belgian State bought Bouchout Castle with the intention to establish the National Botanical Garden of Belgium, which had grown too cramped on its Brussels site, and the land was inaugurated 20 years later. This garden took the name of
1079:
Faced with this complex situation, Maximilian resolved, under pressure from Marshal Bazaine and the French army, to adopt a policy of harsh repression against the rebels. He published the "Black Decree" on 3 October 1865, which, while promising an
1746:(where the first signs of her psychosis arose from the strangeness of the conditions during her stay in Yucatán), and her reaction to the successive announcements of the deaths of her father and grandmother, until her arrival in Europe where her
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too disjointed for one to be able to guess what thoughts occupied this brain. In her soliloquies pass from time to time, very rarely, sentences, interjections which prove that sometimes her obscured thought returns on these lamentable memories:
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as soon as he could, Leopold I had little presence with his children, who suffered as a result. Very early on, Charlotte was able to express herself orally and in writing in French, English and German. Her religious instruction was entrusted to
426:. Initially disappointed by the birth of a daughter, who was not a dynast in Belgium at that time, King Leopold I was gradually charmed by his daughter, who became in time his favorite child. Through her mother, Charlotte was a granddaughter of
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711:
and its ruined convent. She and Maximilian proceeded to transform the Benedictine abbey into a secondary residence. On a private level, Maximilian began to neglect his wife, who complained, after a year of marriage, of loneliness and boredom.
1478:
Charlotte disappeared completely from the public sphere, protected by the high gates of her domain and the guards which protected them. She received visits only from her family: mainly from her sisters-in-law, Queen Marie Henriette and the
1507:, she gave in to outbursts of uncontrollable anger and destroyed crockery and crystal vases, set her hounds on a maid, and tore up pictures and books. This alternated with periods of calm when she peacefully undertook simple occupations.
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1371:, a friend of Maximilian, to Miramare Castle on behalf of the Habsburgs. Following the orders of Franz Joseph I, the Count of Bombelles argued to keep Charlotte in Miramare. In July 1867, King Leopold II sent his wife, Queen
1227:
Despite carefully preparing her arguments in a twenty-page brief, the meeting between Charlotte and Napoleon III ended in complete failure. She gave a long, impassioned speech reminding Napoleon III of his promises and the
2973:, 14 August 1866. H.M. the Empress of Mexico is expected from time to time in Brussels. It is assured that the August traveler expressed the desire that no official honor be returned on her arrival and on her departure".
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of ecclesiastical property for the benefit of the national domain, which alienated the conservatives and the clergy. When he was absent from Mexico City, sometimes for several months, Maximilian appointed Charlotte as
1246:
avoided going through Brussels and Vienna due to the withdrawal of the Belgian and Austrian troops from Mexico, and Charlotte did not seek help from either her or her husband's families. Charlotte's late father, King
2991:
Among the care provided, the press mentions "a treatment by electricity" adding: "This wonderful agent, who has not said his last word, gains every day new success in the cure of mental ailments and especially of
898:
During the long crossing, Charlotte and Maximilian rarely discussed the serious diplomatic and political difficulties which they were to be confronted with in Mexico. Instead, they spent their time preparing the
1383:
After Charlotte's departure from Austria, Vienna and Brussels continued to argue over the issue of Charlotte's inheritance. Emperor Franz Joseph I placed his sister-in-law in the custody of his younger brother,
1120:
very difficult. Yucatán, far from the tragic events that bloodied the rest of Mexico, gave a relatively warm welcome to the Empress. This trip commenced with a succession of festivities preceding her arrival in
789:. He was encouraged in this project by the prospect of recovering French investments and loans put at risk by the chaotic political situation in Mexico. With Papal support he accordingly searched for a suitable
3046:. This report stated that their patient "is definitely suffering from insanity with fixed ideas of persecution which are produced by a more serious and stronger mental illness than one might first believe".
1526:. Charlotte did not see her family during the war. Despite the conflict, her status as Archduchess of Austria protected her from the German occupier, and her way of life remained unchanged. She flew the
895:, the subject of the recovery of church property confiscated by the Mexican republican government was avoided. However, the Pope stressed that Maximilian would have to respect the rights of the Church.
1714:
to Charlotte's coffee without her knowing. In Mexico, from July 1867, rumours spread that the madness of the Empress was attributed to a poison which had been given to her regularly in small doses.
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began to enlist men and arms from the United States of America, where the Civil War had just concluded. The Belgian Legion, composed of 4,000 men, was roundly defeated by the Juarist troops at the
1940:
1085:
the mere fact of belonging to an armed gang, they will be condemned to death and the sentence will be executed in 24 hours". Under this decree, several hundred rebels and political opponents were
1738:
during her engagement, her idealization of Maximilian, the absence of conjugal life, the disenchantments and disillusions in Italy, and then in Mexico. Coralie Vankerkhoven also mentions the
1211:, where she arrived on 9 August. During the trip, Charlotte had received a telegraph from Napoleon III, informing her that he was terribly ill, but this did little to dissuade her. At the
554:
brunette, I'm blonde, which is good too. She is very intelligent, which is a bit annoying, but I will undoubtedly get over it". The marriage ceremony was celebrated on 27 July 1857 at the
663:! In Paris, we talked a lot about this . If we sin here through too much simplicity, they are blamed for a buffoonish luxury from another time and which nowadays seems too out of place".
715:
On 10 April 1859, Maximilian was obliged by his brother the Emperor to resign from his office as Viceroy of Lombardy–Venetia. He had sought to undertake reforms considered as being too
1397:
her fortune was guarded under the care of Eduard von Radonetz, the prefect of Miramare, but when she returned to Belgium, the Viennese court was forced to pay her dowry to Leopold II.
353:
in June 1867. Unaware that she was now a widow, Charlotte was brought back to Belgium and confined successively in the Pavilion de Tervueren (in 1867 and again during 1869–1879), the
7805:
1274:, then part of the Austrian Empire, Charlotte informed Martín del Castillo that she felt unwell and insisted that it was due to being poisoned by spies and traitors among her party.
7716:
704:. Charlotte also visited several charitable institutions and schools. Feasts and balls were given in their honour but the local aristocrats were conspicuous with their absences.
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by despair and paranoia, she shut herself within her hotel. She dressed in mourning clothes and, in fear of poison, denied herself food and water. She asked to be taken to the
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Upon her arrival to Miramare Castle in October 1866, Charlotte is examined by psychiatrist Josef Gottfried von Riedel, Director of the insane house of Vienna and by doctor
5017:
1356:
had restored Maximilian's rights and titles as member of the House of Habsburg in an attempt to save his life, convinced that the rebels wouldn't dare to shoot an Austrian
7238:
422:(born in 1837). Queen Louise's last pregnancy was so difficult there were fears of a miscarriage in April, but on 7 June 1840 at 1 a.m., Charlotte was born healthy at the
749:, once engaged to Maximilian, had died six years previously. In this place, the Archduke experienced intense regret and melancholic thoughts. Charlotte remained alone in
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on the roof of Bouchout Castle; and in March 1916, a German officer inquired as to why the Austrian colors flew on a property in occupied Belgium. In response, General
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of their future court in great detail. They began to write a 600-page manuscript relating to ceremonial functions, regulating protocol in its most minute aspects. The
1005:, clergy, and some native groups. The Emperor tried in vain to reconcile the liberal and conservative parties. He decided to pursue a liberal policy by approving the
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Léopold II intime – les origines de Leopold II, le prince héritier, le père de famille, le roi bâtissieur, Leopold II et la politique, le roi du Congo, l'homme privé
1503:
recalled their visits to their great-aunt, remembering an elderly lady making confused remarks. Periods of lucidity became rarer over time. In crises of destructive
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in 2014; the interior of the castle was redeveloped from 1980 into meeting and conference rooms, to accommodate congresses, exhibitions and other festive events.
2552:, historical opera in three acts and nine scenes; book by RS Hoffman inspired by the drama Juárez und Maximilian by Franz Werfel; music by Darius Milhaud (1932).
326:. When Napoleon III ordered the withdrawal of French military aid intended to support Maximilian, the situation of the Mexican imperial couple became untenable.
5944:
Légendes, intrigues et médisances autour des "archidupes". Charlotte de Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha, princesse de Belgique / Maximilien de Habsbourg, archiduc d'Autriche
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deceased wife, the King appointed Countess Denise d'Hulst, a French aristocrat, to take particular care of Charlotte, of whom she became governess. Fleeing
8027:
7727:
6046:. Nach dem bisher unveröffentlichten Geheimarchive des Kaisers Maximilian und sonstigen unbekannten Quellen. 2 vols (in Spanish). Zurich, Leipzig, Vienna.
806:; she argued decisively to overcome her husband's doubts. Maximilian accepted the Mexican crown and the couple prepared for their trip for the New World.
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1899:
1133:, where she admired the archaeological curiosities. While there, she wrote a series of letters and reports on the peninsula that are now archived in the
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According to Caroline de Bransner, one of her ladies-in-waiting, in relation to having been reclined on her bed instead of her lounger as she wished:
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604:, 1865. Charlotte of Belgium (in pink dress) welcomes Elisabeth while her husband Maximilian and his brother Emperor Franz Joseph I wait on the boat.
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unattainable moral perfection. She had a tendency to judge those around her harshly and got along more with her brother Philippe than with Leopold.
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765:. On his return from his trip, Maximilian returned via Funchal where he and Charlotte prepared to return to Trieste. First they made a stopover in
295:(in 1864). She was daughter, granddaughter, sister, sister in-law, cousin and wife of reigning or deposed sovereigns throughout Europe and Mexico.
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1643:. On 25 January, a funeral service was celebrated in the church of Meise in the presence of the entire Belgian Royal family: King Albert I, Queen
1483:. On Sundays, an abbot came to say mass at Bouchout Castle. To distract herself, she went on walks, embroidered, played cards and listened to her
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647:, where they were warmly welcomed. Some newspapers claimed their entry was made to appear ridiculous because of excessively ornate carriages and
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Sir, one told you that one had had a husband; a husband, sir, and then madness! Madness is made of events! If he had been helped by Napoleon!...
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and gave public audiences on Sundays. The popularity of the sovereigns was already dwindling before the end of the first year of their reign.
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581:, who saw in her the perfect example of a wife for an Austrian Archduke. This contributed to the strained relationship between Charlotte and
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4935:"Edwin Ganz (1871 – 1948) : van schilder van militaire taferelen tot schilder van paarden en Brabantse landschappen uit onze streek"
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1667:. Much of Charlotte's personal fortune was managed by King Leopold II, and was eventually used to finance the colonial enterprise of
1360:. Subsequently, Charlotte regained her status as an Archduchess of Austria and, therefore, her in-laws remained her legal guardians.
1169:. She was accompanied by Martín del Castillo y Cos, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and her two adoptive sons, the Princes of Iturbide.
7013:
6754:
670:, the Archducal couple officially resided in Milan, seat of the government of Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia. Sometimes staying at the
6984:
6189:. Más nuevas del imperio (in Spanish). Frankfurt am Main: Estudios interdisciplinarios acerca de Carlota de México. pp. 27–40.
7619:
450:
in the summer, Charlotte spent long holidays with her maternal grandparents in the French royal residences and at her cousin's in
7826:
7710:
7268:
7036:
6973:
5025:
2104:
1816:
1237:
breakdown became evident here, when, overwhelmed by sadness, she threw herself into a nearby armchair, sobbing hysterically. The
983:
411:
306:, and was glad when her husband was posted to Italy as Viceroy of Lombardy–Venetia. At this time, he was selected by the Emperor
5909:"Charlotte de Belgique, impératrice du Mexique. Une plongée dans les ténèbres de la folie. Essai de reconstitution fictionnelle"
5047:
3815:
6829:
2942:, revealed that King Leopold III of Belgium had personally confirmed to him that "Weygand is the son of van der Smissen". King
2917:
1644:
803:
6791:
2982:
In reality, Charlotte only slept for a few hours in the pontifical library before being escorted back to a hotel at nightfall.
1593:«Remind the universe of the beautiful blond-haired foreigner. God willing we are remembered with sadness, but without hatred.»
7601:
6961:
6847:
6544:
6474:
6441:
6419:
6116:
6097:
6032:
5987:
5951:
5897:
5259:
5000:
4910:
4833:
4805:
4778:
4711:
4150:
3990:
3825:
3709:
3660:
3635:
3547:
2284:
2010:
1828:
1220:
2578:(2009), by composer and scenarist Marcel Wick, portrays Charlotte as a woman driven by ambition towards inevitable disaster.
2226:
1199:
On 8 August 1866, Empress Charlotte arrived in Europe with her two adoptive sons and Martín del Castillo, at the harbour of
8012:
7977:
7967:
7952:
7947:
7771:
7374:
6955:
6670:
6582:
6429:
1571:
991:
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will settle permanently. Gustavo Vazquez-Lozano interprets the letters of 1869 within the matrix of apocalyptic language,
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2130:
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7583:
5527:
4418:
De terugkeer van Charlotte Paperback. Juli 1867 – een delicate opdracht voor baron Adrien Goffinet, Université de Genève
1215:, the bedridden Napoleon III received a telegram from Charlotte requesting an interview. He first sent his wife Empress
1037:
7589:
6967:
5305:
3043:
2841:(Goodbye, mother Carlota), criticizing Carlota, the imperialists and conservative politicians. It is based on the poem
1307:
860:
The same evening, an official dinner was planned at Miramare in the large salon at Les Mouettes. Now on the verge of a
719:
by the government in Vienna, as well as showing indulgence towards Italian rebels and being too much of a spendthrift.
656:
419:
284:
2853:
composed a work in 1944 for violoncello and piano called "A Mad Empress Remembers", inspired by Carlota's last years.
1474:
In a horse-drawn carriage, protected by an umbrella, Charlotte is driven in the park of the Bouchout estate, ca. 1914.
1294:
to quench her thirst after not having consumed any liquid since the previous day. On 1 October, Charlotte went to the
746:
410:, her father's first wife. She was the fourth and last child and the only daughter of the Belgian royal couple, after
394:
Marie Charlotte Amélie Augustine Victoire Clémentine Léopoldine of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, better known under the name
7705:
7413:
7385:
7155:
6525:
6369:
5286:
5232:
5159:
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1860:
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Charlotte's two adopted sons, the Princes of Iturbide, followed her to Belgium, but later both were sent to study in
729:
17:
7001:
6744:
1786:, which would be officially regularized by Royal Decree dated 14 March 1891. From 1864 to her death, she was styled
1664:
1253:
Once at Miramare, Charlotte found a message from Maximilian waiting for her, imploring her to seek an audience with
844:
7457:
7418:
2878:
1299:
III were waiting for her outside. The Pope let Charlotte eat part of his own dinner and, breaking the rules of the
1146:
998:, had to counter multiple skirmishes led by the guerrillas over a territory four times larger than that of France.
431:
7749:
6995:
6739:
1112:, which lasted almost two months. Without Maximilian, but accompanied by an imposing retinue, she departed on the
836:
On 10 April 1864, in a state apartment of Miramare Castle, Maximilian and Charlotte were informally proclaimed as
458:
which dethroned her grandparents and exiled them to England, for a few weeks out of the year, Charlotte stayed in
7987:
5349:
5276:
2909:
2724:, is dedicated to her. The actress playing the Empress Charlotte in the evocation sequences is Charlotte Aftassi.
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1385:
1053:
624:
480:
280:
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974:
878:
819:
8007:
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7799:
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7072:
6897:
6596:
6161:
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1769:
1277:
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Subsequently, a rumor circulated that Charlotte, shortly before her trip to Europe, had become pregnant by her
454:. She was close to her maternal grandmother, Queen Maria Amalia, and the two regularly corresponded; after the
275:(as such she was also styled Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duchess in Saxony). As the wife of Archduke
272:
214:
1033:
1032:
Without a child from his marriage, Maximilian, to Charlotte's disapproval, decided in September 1865 to adopt
7695:
7658:
7495:
7101:
7007:
6749:
5890:
Charlotte, Princesse de Belgique et Impératrice du Mexique (1840-1927). Un conte de fées qui tourne au délire
2846:
2800:
A black battalion (2014), by Mohamed Almansy Kandeel. An Egyptian novel portrays the empress and her husband
1535:
1523:
1440:
1424:
1349:
1312:
526:
Charlotte of Belgium and her fiancé Archduke Maximilian of Austria. Photography by Louis-Joseph Ghémar, 1857.
329:
On her own initiative, Charlotte decided to go personally to Europe in order to attempt a final approach to
318:
in 1864, but their reign lasted little more than three years. She assisted her husband, who let her rule as
8002:
7853:
7489:
7095:
6812:
2599:
1632:
1134:
986:, or 'Orden Imperial de San Carlos', designed to reward charitable or other service to the Mexican nation.
299:
7722:
6560:
5974:
8047:
8017:
7858:
7625:
7451:
7346:
7273:
7168:
6578:
2954:. Paoli further claimed that Weygand had been born in mid-1865, not January 1867 as is generally claimed.
2468:
dedicated four films to the imperial couple. In these four films, the Empress is played by his wife, the
892:
753:
for three months while her husband continued his journey to Brazil, where he visited three states: first
7256:
Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished and outlawed in 1919.
5457:"Maximilien. Ouverture - Darius Milhaud (1892-1974) – Ressources de la Bibliothèque nationale de France"
5456:
4934:
2912:, only son of Emperor Franz Joseph I. After Rudolph's death, the imperial family sold the island to the
1706:
Several authors put forward an origin caused by intoxication. This hypothesis is notably put forward by
1413:
995:
593:
322:
during his absences from Mexico City, for which reason she is considered the first woman to rule in the
7863:
7793:
7647:
7548:
6989:
6807:
6734:
6299:
De la intrusa infame a la loca del castillo: Carlota de México en la literatura de su 'patria adoptiva'
1928:
1903:
1514:, Belgium was invaded. Only a tiny part of the country remained free of German occupation, the town of
1372:
1145:
almost four weeks before. Two months later, on 24 March, Charlotte heard that her maternal grandmother
578:
559:
484:
314:, and Charlotte overcame her husband's doubts about the plan. Maximilian and Charlotte duly arrived in
1306:
King Leopold II grew worried about the news he received from Charlotte, so he sent his brother Prince
7982:
7483:
6855:
6647:
5630:"Un docu historique à partir d'une intéressante correspondance de la famille royale. Max et Carlotta"
4826:
Carlota de Bélgica : correspondencia y escritos sobre México en los archivos europeos, 1861-1868
2404:
1847:
1353:
1073:
861:
620:
547:
465:
459:
455:
399:
337:. She landed in France in August 1866, but suffered the successive refusals of both Napoleon III and
60:
1656:
1558:
Charlotte died peacefully at Bouchout Castle on 19 January 1927, at the age of 86, after developing
1212:
341:. In Rome, the failure of her mission appeared to compromise her mental health to the point that an
7554:
6949:
4898:
Gids voor Vlaanderen : toeristische en culturele gids voor alle steden en dorpen in Vlaanderen
2964:
2947:
2913:
2850:
1660:
1436:
966:
782:
555:
387:
7107:
6770:
3067:
2621:
1648:
1496:
1001:
A conservative minority of the Mexican people supported the Second Mexican Empire, along with the
8032:
7765:
7631:
5692:
5655:
5564:
5523:
3213:
Charlotte et Léopold II de Belgique : deux destins d'exception entre histoire et psychiatrie
2567:
2465:
1527:
1125:, capital of the province. Charlotte then took the opportunity to visit the ruins of the ancient
501:
2602:, an audio drama written by Thomas E. Fuller and performed by the Atlanta Radio Theatre Company.
2478:
1348:
on 19 June 1867 became known, the Belgian royal family interrupted their visit to Paris for the
1060:
relations between France and Mexico to deteriorate. The Republicans of former Mexican President
7836:
7407:
7247:
7030:
6866:
5865:[General Vicente Riva Palacio writes Adiós, Mamá Carlota] (in Spanish). 8 December 2019
2951:
2614:
1636:
1179:
and had given birth to a son in early 1867. This rumour has since been debunked by historians.
1176:
678:. In his capacity as Viceroy, Maximilian was served by a substantial important court including
543:
532:
276:
151:
47:
5908:
3980:
2561:
Charlotte's "little homesick chapel" in Mexico City is referenced as a tourist destination in
1065:
1041:
41:
7788:
7423:
2943:
2706:
2645:
2629:
1878:
1809:
1628:
1344:
When the news of the capture of Maximilian by Mexican Republican forces and his execution at
1321:
1149:, Dowager Queen consort of the French; to whom she was deeply attached, had died in England.
671:
652:
415:
311:
138:
5249:
3042:, personal doctor of the Emperor of Austria, who co-signs a report addressed to her brother
1623:
Three days later, on 22 January, and under heavy snow, her coffin was carried by six former
1216:
961:
Maximilian and Charlotte arrived at the port of Veracruz on 28 May 1864 and made entry into
7942:
7937:
7560:
7380:
7341:
6703:
5837:"La case BD : Charlotte Impératrice ou quand la BD magnifie l'histoire par la romance"
5497:
2834:
2817:, by Matthieu Bonhomme (drawing) and Fabien Nury (screenplay). The second volume, entitled
2068:
1932:
1684:
1247:
1238:
1229:
1142:
1122:
1015:
853:
697:
679:
675:
601:
582:
288:
234:
7906:
6315:
2310:
1258:
further signs of deteriorating mental health; while stopping for the night at the city of
1207:
and his wife, instead of an official welcoming ceremony. From there, she took a train for
1109:
628:
403:
244:
8:
7821:
7445:
7309:
7278:
7207:
6693:
6109:
Ramener Charlotte. La mission du baron Adrien Goffinet à Vienne et Miramar – juillet 1867
4959:
1874:
1783:
1747:
1519:
1138:
982:
performances presented in their honour. She also presided over the newly created Mexican
536:
6640:
1187:
608:
349:. It was during her stay under house arrest that Maximilian was deposed and executed by
7467:
6493:
6451:
6396:
6327:
6274:
6251:
6228:
6205:
6171:
6074:
6051:
6006:
5407:
5322:[Portuguese Honours awarded to Princes of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha].
5100:
4988:
Le jardin botanique de Bruxelles 1826-1912 – reflet de la Belgique, enfant de l'Afrique
4746:
4054:
3518:
2692:
portrayed Empress Charlotte in an episode of the Mexican documentary television series
2640:
2562:
2531:
2502:
1566:. Various versions exist regarding the last words spoken by Charlotte on her deathbed:
1531:
1025:
970:
786:
435:
127:
103:
6195:
2950:, Charlotte's lady-in-waiting and daughter of Austrian diplomat and politician Prince
7368:
7325:
7216:
6626:
6540:
6521:
6470:
6437:
6415:
6375:
6365:
6346:
6157:
6150:
6136:
6112:
6093:
6028:
5983:
5947:
5930:
5893:
5783:
5282:
5255:
5228:
5155:
5086:
5079:
5055:
4996:
4906:
4839:
4829:
4801:
4774:
4747:"TESIS. Discurso de un personaje: Carlota de Bélgica en la obra de Fernando del Paso"
4707:
4146:
3986:
3821:
3705:
3656:
3631:
3543:
3217:
3072:
2744:
2701:
2689:
1789:
1773:
1444:
1126:
1086:
1069:
1045:
872:
837:
828:
799:
570:
220:
6020:
4258:"Histoire - Léopold II n'était pas le père du général Weygand, de parents connus..."
2939:
1389:
1345:
1021:
933:
762:
733:
Maximilian and Charlotte visiting Tétouan in March 1860. Engraving by Gustave Janet.
7304:
7299:
7197:
7048:
6569:
5920:
3039:
3006:
3002:
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2507:
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1652:
1417:
1376:
1368:
1002:
865:
492:
427:
423:
354:
191:
91:
5810:"La case BD : Charlotte Impératrice ou le destin tragique d'une "anti-Sissi""
1337:
1061:
952:
631:, where they met the Austrian Imperial family, the newlyweds went to Maximilian's
350:
6604:
6574:
4986:
4896:
4795:
4768:
3211:
3018:
2754:
2473:
1843:
1455:
1428:
1263:
942:
778:
723:
689:
632:
612:
366:
358:
346:
268:
259:; 7 June 1840 – 19 January 1927), known by the Spanish version of her name,
183:
119:
4797:
Más nuevas del imperio: Estudios interdisciplinarios acerca de Carlota de México
3817:
Projecting Imperial Power: New Nineteenth Century Emperors and the Public Sphere
1108:
On 6 November 1865, Charlotte began an official visit to the remote province of
911:. The ships encountered heavy thunderstorms before a final stopover was made in
773:
negotiations on this subject had been underway for more than two years: Emperor
737:
In December 1859 Charlotte and Maximilian embarked on a voyage aboard the yacht
722:
Charlotte and Maximilian therefore retired to Miramare Castle at one end of the
692:
and a large suite. Charlotte appears to have enjoyed her time in Venice. During
382:
7907:"Charlotte et Maximilien, "Ce couple heureux que l'Histoire eût dû oublier...""
7201:
6858:
granted the princely titles to Delphine Boël and her children on 1 October 2020
5961:
2931:
2634:
1778:
1647:, their three children the Duke of Brabant, the Count of Flanders and Princess
1624:
1291:
1117:
1006:
758:
451:
439:
6662:
5702:"2/2 Entrevista Virtual, Emperatriz Carlota de México (Charlotte de Belgique)"
5701:
5665:"1/2 Entrevista Virtual, Emperatriz Carlota de México (Charlotte de Belgique)"
5664:
5573:
5532:
3068:"Carlota, The Belgian Princess Who Went Mad When She Became A Mexican Empress"
2696:(2006), which features "virtual interviews" with historical figures of Mexico.
1699:, paranoia, monomania, proved extremely difficult to determine with certainty
7931:
7401:
7042:
5934:
4843:
3022:
2870:
2469:
1675:
1668:
1200:
1152:
446:; thanks to these relations, and in addition to regular stays in the city of
6379:
6292:. Grandes Protagonistas de la Historia Mexicana (in Spanish) (2nd ed.).
5758:"Charlotte et Sissi, deux belles-sœurs et deux impératrices que tout oppose"
3585:
3583:
3511:
Le Mariage de Maximilien et Charlotte. Journal du duc de Brabant (1856–1857)
864:, Maximilian retired to his apartments, where he was examined by his doctor
369:, giving rise to much speculation ever since, before dying in 1927 aged 86.
6185:
Gómez Tepexicuapan, Amparo (2001). Igler, Susanne; Spiller, Roland (eds.).
5999:
Le Mariage de Maximilien et Charlotte. Journal du duc de Brabant. 1856-1857
5925:
4513:"La section congolaise de l'Exposition internationale de Bruxelles de 1897"
2935:
2777:
Juárez en el Convento de las Capuchinas: La reunión secreta con Maximiliano
2675:
2536:
1435:
Upon her arrival in Belgium, Charlotte resided until 8 October 1867 in the
1316:
1295:
1254:
1204:
1192:
1173:
888:
849:
774:
566:
522:
342:
338:
307:
5946:(in French). Brussels: Éditions scientifiques internationales Peter Lang.
7181:
6359:
3580:
3568:
3026:
2657:
2652:
2592:
2518:
2513:
2497:
1782:, according to the titles of her house, and bore the unofficial title of
1727:
1707:
1511:
1271:
962:
643:. On 6 September 1857, Charlotte and Maximilian made a solemn entry into
315:
51:
6850:
gave titles to husbands and children of any Princess of Belgium by birth
5729:
5601:
5429:
469:
King Leopold I of Belgium and his family, by Charles Baugniet, ca. 1850.
6350:
5375:
2916:. Upon her marriage to Prince Otto Weriand of Windisch-Graetz in 1902,
2905:
2770:
2625:
1715:
1484:
1072:(16 July 1865) under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel (later General)
978:
912:
790:
716:
5533:"Centro Cultural Tijuana - La Emperatriz de la Mentira Ensayo Abierto"
3978:
1768:
At her birth, as the daughter of King Leopold I, Charlotte was titled
1719:
766:
46:
Empress Carlota of Mexico, by Santiago Rebull, 1867. Currently at the
2664:
Bernard Juncker and Jean-Marie De Coninck made in 1993 a documentary
1731:
1696:
1563:
1559:
1504:
1364:
900:
883:, Maximilian became more serene. He and Charlotte made a stopover in
683:
562:
enhanced the legitimacy of the recently established Belgian dynasty.
5319:
1327:
6434:
The Empress of Farewells: The Story of Charlotte, Empress of Mexico
6025:
Maximilien et Charlotte du Mexique : la tragédie de l'ambition
5320:"Agraciamentos Portugueses Aos Príncipes da Casa Saxe-Coburgo-Gota"
2970:
2717:
1739:
1735:
1515:
1439:
near Brussels, which was built by Charles Vander Straeten for King
1357:
1311:
strange behaviour to King Leopold II. After examining the Empress,
1300:
1233:
1116:, a ship in poor condition whose pitching made the crossing of the
1097:
951:
Portraits of Emperor Maximilian and Empress Charlotte of Mexico by
916:
506:
334:
323:
99:
2930:
until July 1867). This son would become the future French general
2699:
Federica De Cola portrayed Empress Charlotte in the TV miniseries
2558:, one-act opera by Francisco Zendejas; music by Luis Sandi (1948).
7142:
Princess Teresa Cristina, Baroness Taxis of Bordogna and Valnigra
6320:
Expédition du Mexique, 1861-1867; récit politique & militaire
5706:
5669:
5578:
5540:
4870:"La princesse Charlotte : une princesse qui a perdu la tête"
4108:
4106:
2810:
1711:
1451:
1259:
1081:
908:
869:
825:
750:
742:
701:
660:
264:
206:
6896:
6518:
Sixty Years of Solitude: The Life of Empress Charlotte of Mexico
5302:
Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie
5225:
Sixty Years of Solitude: The Life of Empress Charlotte of Mexico
7091:
Dorothea, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
6244:
Mexican Empire. The history of Maximilian and Carlota of Mexico
4902:
4018:
Jacqueline Hons (November 1981). "La légion belge au Mexique".
3454:
2920:(Rudolf's only daughter) received the island as a wedding gift.
2813:
published the first volume of a series of biographical comics,
1946:
Dual Cypher of Emperor Maximilian and Empress Carlota of Mexico
1575:
1551:
1044:, an earlier Emperor of Mexico (r. 1822–23), thus founding the
1011:
795:
708:
693:
648:
640:
636:
574:
475:
447:
319:
303:
257:
Marie Charlotte Amélie Augustine Victoire Clémentine Léopoldine
188:
Marie Charlotte Amélie Augustine Victoire Clémentine Léopoldine
95:
5192:
4727:
4317:
4103:
3094:
3092:
3090:
2655:
portrayed Empress Charlotte in another historical telenovela,
1927:
Coat of arms of Carlota, Titular Empress Dowager of Mexico as
598:
Visit of Empress Elisabeth at the Castello di Miramare in 1861
5863:"El general Vicente Riva Palacio escribe Adiós, Mamá Carlota"
4823:
3357:
3355:
3121:
3119:
2908:
of Austria. Then, possession of the island passed in 1880 to
1895:
1743:
1627:
who survived the Expedition to Mexico. She was buried in the
1459:
1208:
1130:
1101:
754:
667:
644:
362:
330:
123:
6197:
Phantom Crown: The story of Maximilian and Carlota of Mexico
5498:"A escena Carlota de Habsburgo, la emperatriz de la mentira"
4597:
4421:
298:
From the beginning of her marriage, she feuded with Empress
7854:
Freiin Francesca Thyssen-Bornemisza de Kászon et Impérfalva
5734:
5606:
5434:
5380:
5204:
5180:
4793:
4766:
4683:
4671:
4637:
4585:
4555:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4293:
4195:
3894:
3795:
3771:
3742:
3730:
3718:
3681:
3104:
3087:
2747:, shows a literary portrait of the Empress and her madness.
884:
510:
495:. Religion held a major place in the life of the princess.
365:(from 1879), where she remained for the next 48 years in a
196:
María Carlota Amelia Augusta Victoria Clementina Leopoldina
6340:
5254:(in French). Brussels: Éditions Racine. pp. 255–258.
4993:
Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium
4894:
4433:
3923:
3921:
3882:
3846:
3607:
3589:
3574:
3556:
3466:
3352:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3278:
3116:
2825:, was published in July 2023. One more volume is planned.
2618:
in an episode titled "Empress Carlotta's Necklace" (1961).
2584:, opera by Ángel Norzagaray; music by Dmitri Dudin (2012).
1710:, who reveals that one of the Mexican court doctors added
1613:«I expressed myself badly in words and I will regret it" (
7911:
le-carnet-et-les-instants.net (Le Carnet et les Instants)
6467:
L'Impératrice Charlotte - Le soleil noir de la mélancolie
4609:
4531:
3478:
3442:
3430:
3391:
3312:
3310:
3254:
3242:
3230:
2539:'s character names her love birds Carlota and Maximilian.
1092:
542:
In the month of May 1856, Charlotte met in Brussels with
6990:
Louise, Princess Philipp of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry
6345:(in Portuguese). Sao Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional.
5913:
Mises en littérature de la folie. Monografías de Çédille
5484:
Historias de un Imperio: Maximiliano y Carlota de México
5317:
4984:
4850:
4543:
4356:
4305:
4183:
4171:
3420:
3418:
3342:
3340:
3155:
2821:, was published in May 2021. The third volume, entitled
2686:, 1994–1995), which was also directed by Ernesto Alonso.
1394:
Maximilien et Charlotte : la tragédie de l'ambition
7014:
Joséphine Caroline, Princess Karl Anton of Hohenzollern
6389:
Carlota de Bélgica: La infortunada Emperatriz de México
5081:
The Crown of Mexico: Maximilian and his Empress Carlota
4493:
4207:
4159:
4118:
4091:
4079:
3999:
3957:
3945:
3933:
3918:
3906:
3870:
3858:
3834:
3783:
3669:
3290:
3266:
3191:
2678:
also portrayed the Empress in a historical telenovela,
7517:
Princess Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
7246:
6412:
Maximilian and Carlota. Europe's Last Empire in Mexico
6125:
5784:"كتيبة سوداء | International Prize for Arabic Fiction"
4704:
Maximilian and Carlota. Europe's Last Empire in Mexico
4481:
4469:
4457:
4445:
4145:] (in Spanish) (1st ed.). México: Conaculta.
4067:
4026:
3702:
Maximilian and Carlota. Europe's Last Empire in Mexico
3653:
Maximilian and Carlota. Europe's Last Empire in Mexico
3628:
Maximilian and Carlota. Europe's Last Empire in Mexico
3540:
Maximilian and Carlota. Europe's Last Empire in Mexico
3379:
3367:
3327:
3325:
3307:
3179:
3167:
3143:
3131:
1281:
Empress Charlotte in mourning clothes. Photography by
955:, 1865, which hang in Chapultepec Castle, Mexico City.
4932:
4773:(in Spanish). Editorial Banco de México. p. 98.
3595:
3490:
3415:
3403:
3337:
1635:, in the presence of King Albert I and his sons, the
1522:, Charlotte's nephew, lived until the signing of the
973:
as their new Imperial residence. They also chose the
969:, which required major refurbishment, they preferred
891:. On 19 April, during the pontifical audience at the
573:
bust of Charlotte as a wedding gift. In the Court of
5350:"Real orden de Damas Nobles de la Reina Maria Luisa"
5168:
5131:
4744:
3813:
2860:
2722:
Charlotte et Maximilien, les sombres héros de Mexico
2043:
Princess Sophie Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
1742:
of the disease: notably, the discomfort she felt in
635:
where they stayed for eight days. They then visited
7614:
Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
3322:
3216:(in French). Liège: Éditions du CEFAL. p. 56.
2948:
Melanie Marie von Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein
2672:
for RTBF, based on a screenplay by Janine Lambotte.
965:on 12 June with a warm welcome. Unimpressed by the
623:appointed his brother Maximilian as Viceroy of the
8053:People of the Second French intervention in Mexico
6184:
6149:
5078:
4136:
2815:Charlotte impératrice - La Princesse et l'Archiduc
781:in Mexico, which would limit the influence of the
438:and through her father, she was a first-cousin of
6735:Louise, Princess Philipp of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
6067:Maximilian von Mexiko. Die Tragödie eines Kaisers
5627:
5495:
4255:
4228:
3979:José Manuel Villalpando; Alejandro Rosas (2011).
2643:portrayed Empress Charlotte in the TV miniseries
345:doctor advocated the confinement of Charlotte in
7929:
7675:Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria, Duchess of Modena
7512:Princess Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg
6787:Joséphine-Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
6361:Charlotte et Maximilien: l'Empire des archidupes
6143:(in French). Paris: Librairie Académique Perrin.
6134:
6111:(in French). Bruxelles: Fondation Roi Baudouin.
5807:
5755:
5247:
3460:
1615:Je m'ai mal exprimée en paroles et j'en piitirai
688:. Charlotte was surrounded by a grand-mistress,
8038:Austrian royalty and nobility with disabilities
7904:
7888:also an archduchess of Austria in her own right
7806:Princess Maria of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg
7102:Nadezhda, Duchess Albrecht Eugen of Württemberg
6962:Helena, Princess Christian of Scheswig-Holstein
6692:
6223:(in French). Vol. I. Le Perreux-sur-Marne.
5976:Philippe comte de Flandre – Frère de Léopold II
5834:
5052:plantentuinmeise.be (Jardin botanique de Meise)
4284:
4047:Histoire de l'Intervention Française au Mexique
4017:
2612:Charlotte is referenced in the first season of
2163:Countess Karoline Ernestine of Erbach-Schönberg
696:of 1858, she and Maximilian journeyed down the
7496:Countess Palatine Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg
7182:Princess Mafalda Cecilia, Mrs Marc Abousleiman
6702:Generations are numbered by descent from King
6575:Newspaper clippings about Charlotte of Belgium
6515:
6386:
5311:
5274:
5222:
4044:
3764:The fall of Maximilian, late emperor of Mexico
3630:. Trinity University Press. pp. 119–123.
2598:Charlotte as an elderly widow is the focus of
1985:Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
1388:in order to preserve her patrimony. Historian
7717:Princess Maria Immaculata of the Two Sicilies
7701:Princess Maria Annunciata of the Two Sicilies
7232:
7125:Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood
6985:Amalie, Duchess Maximilian Emanuel in Bavaria
6950:Victoria, German Empress and Queen of Prussia
6882:
6678:
6218:
6128:Charlotte de Belgique, impératrice du Mexique
4701:
4659:"Les funérailles de la princesse Charlotte".
4414:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4404:
3699:
3650:
3625:
3537:
3508:
3209:
3098:
2783:Carlota: La Emperatriz Que Enloquecio de Amor
2595:that premiered at the San Jose Stage Company.
1817:Imperial Order of San Carlos for Noble Ladies
1690:
1674:Since 1902, Charlotte had hosted the painter
1536:Imperial German General Government of Belgium
588:
6980:Clotilde, Archduchess Joseph Karl of Austria
6898:Princesses of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha by birth
6808:Princess Astrid, Archduchess of Austria-Este
6534:
5295:
5210:
5198:
5186:
4819:
4817:
4654:
4652:
4561:
4517:cehibrux.be (Cercle d'histoire de Bruxelles)
3613:
3562:
3472:
3361:
1695:The nature of Charlotte's mental pathology,
1056:to give him one of his sons to act as heir.
505:. At the age of 13, her favorite author was
8028:Burials at the Church of Our Lady of Laeken
7760:Princess Maria Cristina of the Two Sicilies
7590:Princess Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily
7202:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
7061:Alexandra, Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
7055:Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna of Russia
6364:(in French). éditions Labor/RTBF Éditions.
6343:Uma filha de D. Pedro I – Dona Maria Amélia
6341:Lacerda Martins de Almeida, Sylvia (1973).
6305:
5076:
4828:(in Spanish). Mexico: Porrúa. p. 250.
4689:
4677:
4643:
4591:
4439:
4323:
4112:
3888:
3852:
3484:
3448:
3436:
3397:
3260:
3248:
3236:
3161:
3110:
1815:Grand Mistress and Dame Grand Cross of the
674:they also spent time at the more intimate
444:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
414:(who died less than one year old in 1834),
7670:Princess Clotilde of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
7664:Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria
7608:Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia
7239:
7225:
7031:Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife
6956:Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine
6889:
6875:
6685:
6671:
6537:Charlotte de Belgique, une folie impériale
6498:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6456:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6401:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6332:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6279:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6256:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6233:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6210:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6176:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6079:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6056:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6011:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5486:(in Spanish). Madrid, Verbum, 2016, p. 45.
5278:La Vie tragique de l'Impératrice Charlotte
5251:Le prince Baudouin: Frère du Roi-Chevalier
5149:
5105:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4940:(in Dutch). LACA-Tijdingen. pp. 27–37
4800:(in Spanish). Vervuert. pp. 115–117.
4632:(in French). Paris: Librairie Félix Juven.
4401:
4383:"La première femme qui a dormi au Vatican"
4224:
4222:
4059:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3523:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2845:(Goodbye, my homeland) written in 1842 by
2373:Princess Marie Amélie of Naples and Sicily
1601:«All that ended without being successful (
1590:According to José Iturriaga De la Fuente:
1324:, supervised by Austrian security agents.
848:Audience of Maximilian and Charlotte with
777:envisaged creating a "Latin and Catholic"
707:In 1859, Charlotte acquired the island of
70:10 April 1864 – 15 May 1867
40:
7131:Princess Sibylla, Duchess of Västerbotten
6539:(in French). Brussels: Le Bord de l'Eau.
6428:
6314:
6221:L'Allemagne dynastique – HESSE-REUSS-SAXE
5982:(in French). Bruxelles: Éditions Racine.
5972:
5924:
5574:"Telenovela Carlota y Maximiliano (1965)"
5048:"Le Château : une atmosphère unique"
4814:
4706:. Trinity University Press. p. 408.
4649:
4627:
4615:
4537:
4427:
4369:
4311:
4189:
4177:
3760:
3704:. Trinity University Press. p. 124.
3655:. Trinity University Press. p. 123.
3301:
3284:
3272:
3197:
3185:
3173:
3149:
3137:
1863:: Dame Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion
406:. Her first name pays homage to the late
139:Royal Crypt, Church of Our Lady of Laeken
7998:House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Belgium)
7490:Archduchess Claudia Felicitas of Austria
6486:La vida trágica de la emperatriz Carlota
6357:
6147:
6106:
6087:
6019:
4856:
4824:Luis Weckmann; Emile Vandewoude (1989).
4770:Escritos mexicanos de Carlota de Bélgica
4603:
4549:
4499:
4487:
4475:
4463:
4451:
4335:
4299:
4280:
4278:
4213:
4201:
4165:
4124:
4097:
4085:
4005:
3985:(in Spanish). Grupo Planeta Spain. n.p.
3974:
3972:
3963:
3951:
3939:
3927:
3912:
3900:
3876:
3864:
3840:
3801:
3789:
3777:
3748:
3736:
3724:
3687:
3675:
3542:. Trinity University Press. p. 33.
3496:
3424:
3409:
3385:
3373:
3346:
3125:
2624:portrayed the Empress in the historical
2587:The Empress is the central character of
2500:portrayed Empress Charlotte in the film
1545:
1469:
1423:
1412:
1404:
1326:
1276:
1186:
1151:
1096:
1020:
843:
818:
728:
607:
592:
521:
464:
381:
377:
7567:Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa
7452:Archduchess Maria Leopoldine of Austria
7037:Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom
6483:
6409:
6219:Huberty, Michel; Giraud, Alain (1976).
6193:
6126:de Reinach-Foussemagne, Hélène (1925).
5960:
5496:Maritza Contreras (13 September 2012).
4219:
4073:
4032:
3820:. Oxford University Press. p. 95.
3601:
2823:Charlotte impératrice - Adios, Carlotta
2767:El último príncipe del Imperio Mexicano
2105:Heinrich XXIV, Count Reuss of Ebersdorf
814:
577:she was welcomed by her mother-in-law,
166: 1857; died 1867)
14:
7930:
7884:also a princess of Tuscany by marriage
7067:Princess Beatrice, Duchess of Galliera
7008:Princess Henriette, Duchess of Vendôme
6974:Beatrice, Princess Henry of Battenberg
6830:Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant
6792:Princess Marie Esméralda, Lady Moncada
6750:Princess Henriette, Duchess of Vendôme
6566:Works by or about Charlotte of Belgium
6506:
5996:
5919:(7). Universidad de La Lagune: 13–54.
5628:Christian Laporte (13 November 1993).
5227:. Libros de México. pp. 158–164.
5152:Champignons toxiques et hallucinogènes
4794:Susanne Igler; Roland Spiller (2001).
4728:"L'impératrice Charlotte et la guerre"
4229:Christian Laporte (17 December 2008).
3005:on 3 March 1925, and Salvador died in
2918:Archduchess Elisabeth Marie of Austria
2326:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2084:
1974:
1970:
1093:Trip to Yucatán. Departure from Mexico
769:, where they docked on 18 March 1860.
7880:*also an infanta of Spain by marriage
7620:Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg
7602:Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg
7220:
6928:Princess Victoria, Duchess of Nemours
6870:
6666:
6464:
6296:
6287:
6264:
6064:
6041:
5941:
5906:
5887:
5808:Olivier Delcroix (1 September 2018).
5174:
5137:
4895:Omer Vandeputte; Filip Devos (2007).
4375:
4275:
4256:Christian Laporte (20 October 2003).
4231:"Charlotte, impératrice mélancolique"
3969:
3331:
3316:
2591:(2019), a historical play written by
2453:
2405:Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria
2402:
2392:
2388:
2376:
2370:
2360:
2344:
2334:
2330:
2314:
2308:
2298:
2282:
2272:
2268:
2256:
2250:
2240:
2224:
2214:
2210:
2186:
2176:
2160:
2150:
2146:
2134:
2128:
2118:
2102:
2092:
2088:
2072:
2066:
2056:
2040:
2030:
2026:
2014:
2011:Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
2008:
1998:
1982:
1978:
1758:
1703:, giving rise to several hypotheses.
615:at the beginning of the 20th century.
7772:Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria
7728:Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria
7468:Countess Palatine Hedwig of Sulzbach
6996:Stéphanie, Crown Princess of Austria
6740:Stéphanie, Crown Princess of Austria
6301:(in Spanish). Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
6241:
5756:Dominique Bonnet (8 December 2019).
5403:"Bette Davis Is Empress In 'Juarez'"
4767:José Iturriaga De la Fuente (1992).
4734:(in French) (189): 2. 16 March 1916.
1603:Tout cela est fini et n'aboutira pas
1400:
1195:, by Franz Xaver Winterhalter, 1855.
1050:His Highness, The Prince of Iturbide
809:
745:in December 1859, on the spot where
535:(who was quickly rejected) and King
7993:Princesses of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
7869:Princess Marie Astrid of Luxembourg
7596:Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily
7363:Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal
7169:Princess Kalina, Countess of Murany
7085:Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone
6044:Maximilian und Charlotte von Mexiko
4338:"Partie non officielle - Intérieur"
3021:was one of the chief allies of the
2131:Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf
1823:Imperial Order of the Mexican Eagle
1333:The Execution of Emperor Maximilian
1182:
877:and escorted by the French frigate
462:with her mother's family in exile.
27:Empress of Mexico from 1864 to 1867
24:
7248:Austrian archduchesses by marriage
7073:Margaret, Crown Princess of Sweden
6968:Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll
6755:Princess Joséphine of Hohenzollern
6308:Charlotte: la passion, la fatalité
5835:Valentin Paquot (29 August 2020).
3761:Chynoweth, William Harris (1872).
3044:Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders
2763:(2008) by Adolfo Arrioja Vizcaíno.
2516:portrayed the Empress in the film
2227:Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
1848:Imperial Order of the Starry Cross
804:an empire where the sun never sets
386:Charlotte of Belgium, portrait by
357:(during 1867–1869) and finally at
25:
8064:
7822:Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen
7734:Princess Auguste Maria of Bavaria
7706:Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal
7555:Princess Maria Josepha of Bavaria
7484:Infanta Margaret Theresa of Spain
6554:
6065:Corti, Conte Egon Caesar (1953).
6042:Corti, Conte Egon Caesar (1924).
5318:Jose Vicente de Bragança (2014).
4985:Denis Diagre-Vanderpelen (2012).
2837:composed a satirical song called
1960:Ancestors of Charlotte of Belgium
1861:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
1770:Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1028:in the beginning of 20th century.
310:as a figurehead for his proposed
8043:Deaths from pneumonia in Belgium
7905:Frédéric Saenen (25 June 2020).
7898:
7755:Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony
7632:Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy
7584:Duchess Elisabeth of Württemberg
7156:Marie Louise, Princess of Koháry
6516:Vazquez-Lozano, Gustavo (2023).
6387:Maria y Campos, Armando (1944).
6092:(in French). Bruxelles: Racine.
5855:
5828:
5801:
5776:
5749:
5722:
5685:
5648:
5621:
5594:
5557:
5516:
5502:www.excelsior.com.mx (Excelsior)
5489:
5476:
5449:
5422:
5395:
5368:
5342:
5268:
5241:
5223:Vazquez-Lozano, Gustavo (2023).
5216:
5143:
5113:
5070:
5040:
5010:
4978:
4952:
4926:
4888:
4862:
4787:
4760:
4738:
4720:
4695:
4621:
4567:
4505:
3814:Watanabe-O'Kelly, Helen (2021).
3032:
3012:
2995:
2985:
2879:List of heads of state of Mexico
2863:
2819:Charlotte impératrice - L'Empire
2785:(2017), by Laura Martínez-Belli.
2285:Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon
1939:
1920:
1888:
1867:
1853:
1836:
1803:
1409:Pavilion de Tervueren, ca. 1830.
1038:Salvador de Iturbide y de Marzán
941:
932:
432:Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies
6848:Royal Decree of 2 December 1991
6069:(in German). Frankfurt am Main.
5881:
5544:(in Spanish). 18 September 2012
5281:(in French). Frédérique PATAT.
4329:
4249:
4130:
4038:
4011:
3807:
3754:
3693:
3644:
3619:
3590:Lacerda Martins de Almeida 1973
3575:Lacerda Martins de Almeida 1973
3531:
3502:
3203:
2976:
2957:
2923:
2910:Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria
2897:
2720:from 9 December 2019, entitled
2347:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
1386:Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria
1054:Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria
984:Imperial Order of Saint Charles
852:on 19 April 1864. Engraving by
832:, by Josef Püttner, after 1862.
747:Princess Maria Amélia of Brazil
481:Victor-Auguste-Isidor Deschamps
163:
7800:Princess Rosemary of Salm-Salm
6597:House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
6535:Vankerkhoven, Coralie (2012).
6090:Léopold Ier et le clan Cobourg
4933:Wim van der Elst (2003–2004).
4581:(in French): 1. 2 August 1867.
4289:(in French). Brussels: Racine.
3060:
2797:(2023), by Kristien Dieltiens.
2795:Carlota: De vrouw die rozen at
2751:Charlotte ou la nuit mexicaine
2737:(1868) by Juan Antonio Mateos.
1465:
544:Archduke Maximilian of Austria
13:
1:
7750:Princess Stéphanie of Belgium
7696:Princess Margaretha of Saxony
7691:Princess Charlotte of Belgium
7659:Princess Hildegard of Bavaria
7653:Princess Maria Anna of Saxony
7414:Duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria
7386:Duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria
7002:Clémentine, Princess Napoléon
6745:Clémentine, Princess Napoléon
5127:(in French): 3. 20 July 1867.
4745:Krysheida Ayub Unzón (2019).
3053:
2606:
1598:According to S. van Eckhaus:
1524:Armistice of 11 November 1918
1441:William II of the Netherlands
1203:, where they were greeted by
1068:(11 April 1865), but won the
546:, younger brother of Emperor
263:, was by birth a princess of
7827:Princess Margherita of Savoy
7561:Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain
7440:Princess Elisabeth of France
7342:Infanta Isabella of Portugal
7192:* also a princess of Belgium
7096:Princess Eudoxia of Bulgaria
6719:Charlotte, Empress of Mexico
6652:10 April 1864 – 15 May 1867
6469:(in French). Paris: Perrin.
6414:. Trinity University Press.
6310:(in French). Paris: Duculot.
6242:Hyde, Montgomery H. (1946).
6027:(in French). Paris: Perrin.
5154:(in French). Paris: Boubée.
4702:M. M. McAllen (April 2015).
4667:(5): 66–73. 30 January 1927.
3700:M. M. McAllen (April 2015).
3651:M. M. McAllen (April 2015).
3626:M. M. McAllen (April 2015).
3538:M. M. McAllen (April 2015).
3461:Desternes & Chandet 1964
2833:In 1866, the liberal writer
2694:Secretos de nuestra historia
1633:Church of Our Lady of Laeken
1495:". For their part, Princess
1363:The Emperor of Austria sent
1135:National Archives of Austria
920:also completely fulfilled".
802:, who would once again rule
583:Empress Elisabeth of Austria
569:presented the couple with a
436:King and Queen of the French
7:
8013:Belgian emigrants to Mexico
7978:Empresses consort of Mexico
7968:19th-century Mexican people
7953:20th-century Belgian people
7948:19th-century Belgian people
7859:Duchess Eilika of Oldenburg
7626:Princess Elisabeth of Savoy
7402:Archduchess Anna of Austria
7347:Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
7274:Mechthild of the Palatinate
7206:*** also a princess of the
6694:Belgian princesses by birth
6579:20th Century Press Archives
6488:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires.
6148:del Paso, Fernando (1987).
5054:(in French). Archived from
5024:(in French). Archived from
4287:Maxime ou le secret Weygand
4137:Carlota de Bélgica (2011).
2856:
2582:La emperatriz de la mentira
2576:Carlota: A Serpentine Crown
1951:
1829:Imperial Order of Guadalupe
1308:Philippe, Count of Flanders
1034:Agustín de Iturbide y Green
893:Palace of Maffei Marescotti
887:to receive the blessing of
625:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
619:In September 1857, Emperor
517:
408:Princess Charlotte of Wales
281:Viceroy of Lombardy–Venetia
10:
8069:
8023:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
7973:19th-century Mexican women
7963:20th-century Belgian women
7958:19th-century Belgian women
7864:Princess Astrid of Belgium
7794:Princess Ileana of Romania
7766:Princess Blanca of Bourbon
7648:Princess Sophie of Bavaria
7549:Princess Isabella of Parma
7446:Infanta Maria Ana of Spain
7108:Marie-José, Queen of Italy
6933:Carlota, Empress of Mexico
6771:Marie-José, Queen of Italy
6107:Defrance, Olivier (2012).
6088:Defrance, Olivier (2004).
5973:Bilteryst, Damien (2014).
5968:(in French). Paris: Ditis.
5085:(2nd ed.). New York.
2779:(2014) by Adam J. Oderoll.
2320:
2311:Princess Louise of Orléans
2253:Louis Philippe I of France
2204:
2078:
1972:
1904:Order of Queen Maria Luisa
1877:: Dame Grand Cross of the
1796:
1691:Charlotte's mental illness
1373:Marie Henriette of Austria
1313:Josef Gottfried von Riedel
1046:House of Habsburg-Iturbide
992:French expeditionary force
785:, then in the grip of the
589:Life in Italy and Miramare
560:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
7877:
7846:
7832:Princess Yolande of Ligne
7814:
7781:
7742:
7723:Princess Isabella of Croÿ
7683:
7640:
7576:
7541:
7525:
7504:
7476:
7432:
7394:
7355:
7334:
7318:
7305:Anne, Duchess of Brittany
7300:Mary, Duchess of Burgundy
7292:
7261:
7254:
7189:
7176:
7163:
7150:
7117:
7023:
6942:
6920:
6904:
6843:
6822:
6800:
6779:
6763:
6727:
6711:
6700:
6648:Empress consort of Mexico
6645:
6632:
6625:
6590:
6465:Paoli, Dominique (2008).
6430:of Greece, Prince Michael
6358:Lambotte, Janine (1993).
6306:Kerckvoorde, Mia (1981).
6194:Harding, Bertita (1934).
6130:(in French). Paris: Plon.
5892:(in French). Plougastel.
5248:Damien Bilteryst (2013).
5121:"Courrier des États-Unis"
4344:(in French). p. 4495
3099:Huberty & Giraud 1976
2804:
2791:(2007), by Stéphane Bern.
2728:
2458:
2390:
2382:
2354:
2332:
2328:
2292:
2270:
2262:
2234:
2212:
2208:
2170:
2148:
2140:
2112:
2090:
2086:
2050:
2028:
2020:
1992:
1976:
1788:Her Imperial Majesty the
1763:
659:: "All the servants wore
621:Franz Joseph I of Austria
558:. This alliance with the
456:French Revolution of 1848
400:King Leopold I of Belgium
240:
230:
205:
182:
177:
173:
145:
133:
109:
78:
74:
66:
61:Empress consort of Mexico
59:
39:
34:
7326:Joanna, Queen of Castile
6561:Imperial House of Mexico
6511:. London: Phoenix Press.
6484:Praviel, Armand (1937).
5962:Bibesco, Princess Marthe
5482:Almudena Mejỉas Alonso,
4336:Belgique (August 1866).
4285:Dominique Paoli (2003).
4049:. Brussels. p. 260.
2914:House of Windisch-Graetz
2890:
2851:Charles Wakefield Cadman
2849:. The American composer
2847:Ignacio Rodríguez Galván
2828:
2735:El cerro de las campanas
2543:
1827:Dame Grand Cross of the
1821:Dame Grand Cross of the
1776:, with the predicate of
1572:Prince Michael of Greece
1541:
1350:International Exposition
1014:: she presided over the
923:
783:United States of America
653:Leopold, Duke of Brabant
627:. After a short stop in
556:Royal Palace of Brussels
531:sought her hand: Prince
388:Franz Xaver Winterhalter
367:deleterious mental state
7711:Princess Anna of Saxony
7137:Princess Maria Karoline
7049:Marie, Queen of Romania
6856:Belgian Court of Appeal
6509:Maximilian & Juarez
6507:Ridley, Jasper (2001).
6410:McAllen, M. M. (2014).
6297:Igler, Susanne (2007).
6288:Igler, Susanne (2006).
6265:Igler, Susanne (2002).
6141:Maximilien et Charlotte
5997:Capron, Victor (1986).
5966:Charlotte et Maximilien
5841:lefigaro.fr (Le Figaro)
5814:lefigaro.fr (Le Figaro)
5602:"Maximilian von Mexiko"
5356:(in Spanish): 183. 1900
5275:Armand Praviel (1930).
4991:(in French). Brussels:
4045:Eugène Lefèvre (1869).
2680:The Flight of the Eagle
2670:L'Empire des archidupes
2666:Charlotte et Maximilien
2568:The Night of the Iguana
2466:Miguel Contreras Torres
1913:
1574:, she sighed holding a
1550:Charlotte's funeral in
1365:Count Karl of Bombelles
907:stopped in Madeira and
502:The Imitation of Christ
372:
312:French empire in Mexico
7988:Maximilian I of Mexico
7789:Princess Zita of Parma
7408:Isabella Clara Eugenia
7375:Infanta Maria of Spain
6156:(in Spanish). México.
6001:(in French). Brussels.
5926:10.21071/ced.v7i.10887
5354:Guía Oficial de España
4960:"Kasteel van Bouchout"
3509:Victor Capron (1986).
3210:Émile Meurice (2004).
2952:Klemens von Metternich
2789:Plus Belle Sera La Vie
2615:The Dick Van Dyke Show
2492:Caballería del imperio
1663:, as well as Princess
1619:
1607:
1595:
1587:
1555:
1475:
1432:
1421:
1410:
1377:Baron Auguste Goffinet
1341:
1286:
1213:Château de Saint-Cloud
1196:
1177:Alfred van der Smissen
1161:
1105:
1074:Alfred van der Smissen
1029:
857:
833:
734:
616:
605:
527:
489:Archbishop of Mechelen
470:
398:, was the daughter of
391:
289:Archduchess of Austria
195:
187:
152:Maximilian I of Mexico
48:Museo Nacional de Arte
8008:Princesses of Belgium
7043:Maud, Queen of Norway
6592:Charlotte of Belgium
6391:(in Spanish). México.
6269:(in Spanish). Mexico.
5942:Bénit, André (2020).
5907:Bénit, André (2017).
5888:Bénit, André (2017).
5018:"Château de Bouchout"
4874:rtbf.be (La Première)
3982:Presidentes de México
2944:Leopold II of Belgium
2707:Xaver Schwarzenberger
2646:Maximilian von Mexiko
2630:Maximiliano y Carlota
1879:Order of Saint Isabel
1611:
1599:
1591:
1579:
1554:, on 22 January 1927.
1549:
1534:, at the head of the
1528:Austro-Hungarian flag
1473:
1437:Pavilion de Tervueren
1427:
1416:
1408:
1346:Santiago de Querétaro
1330:
1280:
1190:
1155:
1100:
1042:Agustín I de Iturbide
1024:
847:
822:
741:, which took them to
732:
611:
596:
525:
468:
385:
378:Birth and early years
277:Maximilian of Austria
273:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
215:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
7381:Anna Juliana Gonzaga
7079:Lady Patricia Ramsay
6704:Leopold I of Belgium
6602:Cadet branch of the
6520:. Libros de México.
6152:Noticias del Imperio
6135:Desternes, Suzanne;
5125:Journal de Bruxelles
5077:Joan Haslip (1972).
5028:on 15 September 2015
4995:. pp. 256–264.
4661:Le Patriote Illustré
4579:Journal de Bruxelles
3009:on 26 February 1895.
2843:Adiós, oh Patria mía
2835:Vicente Riva Palacio
2741:Noticias del Imperio
2705:(2009), directed by
2633:(1965), directed by
2506:(1939), directed by
2479:Juárez y Maximiliano
2189:Charlotte of Belgium
2069:Leopold I of Belgium
1685:Meise Botanic Garden
1481:Countess of Flanders
1239:Council of Ministers
1143:Leopold I of Belgium
1016:Council of Ministers
854:Ferdinand Laufberger
815:Departure for Mexico
700:aboard a ceremonial
253:Charlotte of Belgium
235:Leopold I of Belgium
35:Charlotte of Belgium
8003:Austrian princesses
7837:Laetitia d'Arenberg
7310:Bianca Maria Sforza
7284:Catherine of Saxony
7279:Eleanor of Scotland
7269:Eleanor of Portugal
7208:Tsardom of Bulgaria
6656:Monarchy abolished
6322:(in French). Paris.
5150:Roger Heim (1978).
4606:, pp. 627–628.
4430:, pp. 166–168.
4326:, pp. 191–196.
4302:, pp. 602–610.
4204:, pp. 403–405.
4115:, pp. 167–168.
3903:, pp. 283–287.
3804:, pp. 271–272.
3780:, pp. 262–263.
3751:, pp. 250–256.
3739:, pp. 240–243.
3727:, pp. 231–238.
3690:, pp. 229–231.
3128:, pp. 134–135.
2839:Adiós, mamá Carlota
2684:El vuelo del águila
2600:"Throne of Shadows"
1875:Kingdom of Portugal
1784:Princess of Belgium
1748:delusional disorder
1740:first warning signs
1625:Belgian Legionaries
1167:Impératrice Eugénie
1158:Impératrice Éugenie
1139:Library of Congress
1104:in the 19th century
1066:Battle of Tacámbaro
915:. With the port of
537:Pedro V of Portugal
509:, while she judged
418:(born in 1835) and
8048:Daughters of kings
8018:People from Laeken
7424:Claudia de' Medici
6637:Title last held by
6316:Léon Niox, Gustave
6137:Chandet, Henriette
5710:. 3 September 2010
5673:. 3 September 2010
5408:The Register-Guard
5304:(1866), Genealogy
4628:G. Freddy (1905).
2969:wrongly assures: "
2714:Secrets d'Histoire
2641:Christine Wodetzky
2589:Adiós Mamá Carlota
2563:Tennessee Williams
2532:20th Century Women
2529:In the 2016 movie
2454:In popular culture
1759:Titles and honours
1653:Duchess of Brabant
1556:
1532:Moritz von Bissing
1476:
1433:
1422:
1411:
1375:and his confidant
1342:
1287:
1197:
1162:
1106:
1087:summarily executed
1030:
1026:Chapultepec Castle
971:Chapultepec Castle
858:
834:
735:
617:
606:
579:Archduchess Sophie
528:
499:meditate daily on
493:Primate of Belgium
471:
392:
267:and member of the
128:Kingdom of Belgium
104:Kingdom of Belgium
7894:
7893:
7369:Mary I of England
7214:
7213:
6864:
6863:
6835:Princess Eléonore
6813:Princess Delphine
6661:
6660:
6546:978-2-35687-156-5
6476:978-2-262-02131-3
6443:978-2-7382-1502-4
6421:978-1-59534-183-9
6290:Carlota de México
6267:Carlota de México
6187:Carlota en México
6118:978-2-87212-669-9
6099:978-2-87386-335-7
6034:978-2-26201-765-1
5989:978-2-87386-894-9
5953:978-2-8076-1470-3
5899:978-2-91299-462-2
5788:arabicfiction.org
5463:(in French). 1932
5376:"Medea de Novara"
5326:(in Portuguese).
5261:978-2-87386-847-5
5211:Vankerkhoven 2012
5201:, pp. 23–24.
5199:Vankerkhoven 2012
5187:Vankerkhoven 2012
5002:978-2-8031-0294-5
4912:978-9-0209-5963-5
4835:978-9-6845-2358-6
4807:978-3-9645-6269-2
4780:978-9-6861-2006-6
4713:978-1-59534-263-8
4562:Vankerkhoven 2012
4342:Le Moniteur belge
4152:978-607-455-680-3
4022:(in French) (26).
3992:978-6-070-70758-2
3827:978-0-19880-247-1
3711:978-1-59534-263-8
3662:978-1-59534-263-8
3637:978-1-59534-263-8
3614:Vankerkhoven 2012
3563:Vankerkhoven 2012
3549:978-1-59534-263-8
3473:Vankerkhoven 2012
3362:Vankerkhoven 2012
3319:, pp. 37–38.
3287:, pp. 69–70.
3113:, pp. 24–25.
3073:Cultura Colectiva
2809:In October 2018,
2745:Fernando del Paso
2690:Marisol Santacruz
2464:Mexican director
2450:
2449:
2446:
2445:
1933:Queen Maria Luisa
1929:dame of the Order
1790:Empress of Mexico
1774:Duchess in Saxony
1661:Princess Napoleon
1641:Count of Flanders
1401:Return to Belgium
1230:Treaty of Miramar
1070:Battle of la Loma
994:, led by Marshal
862:nervous breakdown
810:Empress of Mexico
800:House of Habsburg
690:ladies-in-waiting
657:Count of Flanders
602:Cesare Dell'Acqua
404:Louise of Orléans
293:Empress of Mexico
285:Emperor of Mexico
271:in the branch of
250:
249:
245:Louise of Orléans
221:Habsburg-Lorraine
201:
200:
18:Carlota of Mexico
16:(Redirected from
8060:
7983:Mexican monarchy
7923:
7922:
7920:
7918:
7902:
7458:Eleonora Gonzaga
7419:Eleonora Gonzaga
7241:
7234:
7227:
7218:
7217:
6891:
6884:
6877:
6868:
6867:
6687:
6680:
6673:
6664:
6663:
6641:Ana María Huarte
6621:
6614:
6588:
6587:
6570:Internet Archive
6550:
6531:
6512:
6503:
6497:
6489:
6480:
6461:
6455:
6447:
6425:
6406:
6400:
6392:
6383:
6354:
6337:
6331:
6323:
6311:
6302:
6293:
6284:
6278:
6270:
6261:
6255:
6247:
6238:
6232:
6224:
6215:
6209:
6201:
6190:
6181:
6175:
6167:
6155:
6144:
6131:
6122:
6103:
6084:
6078:
6070:
6061:
6055:
6047:
6038:
6016:
6010:
6002:
5993:
5981:
5969:
5957:
5938:
5928:
5903:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5870:
5859:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5848:
5832:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5821:
5805:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5794:
5780:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5753:
5747:
5746:
5744:
5742:
5726:
5720:
5719:
5717:
5715:
5689:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5678:
5652:
5646:
5645:
5643:
5641:
5625:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5614:
5598:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5587:
5582:. 3 October 2013
5561:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5537:
5520:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5509:
5493:
5487:
5480:
5474:
5472:
5470:
5468:
5453:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5426:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5415:
5399:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5372:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5346:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5315:
5309:
5299:
5293:
5292:
5272:
5266:
5265:
5245:
5239:
5238:
5220:
5214:
5208:
5202:
5196:
5190:
5184:
5178:
5172:
5166:
5165:
5147:
5141:
5135:
5129:
5128:
5117:
5111:
5110:
5104:
5096:
5084:
5074:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5044:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5033:
5014:
5008:
5006:
4982:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4971:
4956:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4945:
4939:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4892:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4881:
4866:
4860:
4854:
4848:
4847:
4821:
4812:
4811:
4791:
4785:
4784:
4764:
4758:
4757:
4751:
4742:
4736:
4735:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4699:
4693:
4690:Kerckvoorde 1981
4687:
4681:
4678:Kerckvoorde 1981
4675:
4669:
4668:
4656:
4647:
4644:Kerckvoorde 1981
4641:
4635:
4633:
4625:
4619:
4613:
4607:
4601:
4595:
4592:Kerckvoorde 1981
4589:
4583:
4582:
4571:
4565:
4559:
4553:
4547:
4541:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4524:
4509:
4503:
4497:
4491:
4485:
4479:
4473:
4467:
4461:
4455:
4449:
4443:
4440:Kerckvoorde 1981
4437:
4431:
4425:
4419:
4416:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4379:
4373:
4367:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4333:
4327:
4324:Kerckvoorde 1981
4321:
4315:
4309:
4303:
4297:
4291:
4290:
4282:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4226:
4217:
4211:
4205:
4199:
4193:
4187:
4181:
4175:
4169:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4134:
4128:
4122:
4116:
4113:Kerckvoorde 1981
4110:
4101:
4095:
4089:
4083:
4077:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4058:
4050:
4042:
4036:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4015:
4009:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3976:
3967:
3961:
3955:
3949:
3943:
3937:
3931:
3925:
3916:
3910:
3904:
3898:
3892:
3889:Kerckvoorde 1981
3886:
3880:
3874:
3868:
3862:
3856:
3853:Kerckvoorde 1981
3850:
3844:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3811:
3805:
3799:
3793:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3769:
3768:
3758:
3752:
3746:
3740:
3734:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3697:
3691:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3587:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3522:
3514:
3506:
3500:
3494:
3488:
3485:Kerckvoorde 1981
3482:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3458:
3452:
3449:Kerckvoorde 1981
3446:
3440:
3437:Kerckvoorde 1981
3434:
3428:
3422:
3413:
3407:
3401:
3398:Kerckvoorde 1981
3395:
3389:
3383:
3377:
3371:
3365:
3359:
3350:
3344:
3335:
3329:
3320:
3314:
3305:
3299:
3288:
3282:
3276:
3270:
3264:
3261:Kerckvoorde 1981
3258:
3252:
3249:Kerckvoorde 1981
3246:
3240:
3237:Kerckvoorde 1981
3234:
3228:
3227:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3162:Kerckvoorde 1981
3159:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3114:
3111:Kerckvoorde 1981
3108:
3102:
3096:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3064:
3047:
3040:August von Jilek
3036:
3030:
3016:
3010:
3007:Ajaccio, Corsica
3003:Washington, D.C.
3001:Agustín died in
2999:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2980:
2974:
2961:
2955:
2927:
2921:
2901:
2885:Auguste Goffinet
2873:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2508:William Dieterle
1966:
1965:
1957:
1956:
1943:
1924:
1908:22 December 1857
1894:
1892:
1891:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1418:Palace of Laeken
1369:August von Jilek
1183:Return to Europe
1003:Mexican nobility
975:Palace of Cortés
945:
936:
866:August von Jilek
533:George of Saxony
428:Louis Philippe I
424:Palace of Laeken
355:Palace of Laeken
175:
174:
167:
165:
116:
92:Palace of Laeken
88:
86:
44:
32:
31:
21:
8068:
8067:
8063:
8062:
8061:
8059:
8058:
8057:
7928:
7927:
7926:
7916:
7914:
7903:
7899:
7895:
7890:
7873:
7847:18th generation
7842:
7815:17th generation
7810:
7782:16th generation
7777:
7743:15th generation
7738:
7684:14th generation
7679:
7641:13th generation
7636:
7577:12th generation
7572:
7542:11th generation
7537:
7526:10th generation
7521:
7500:
7472:
7463:Anna de' Medici
7428:
7390:
7351:
7330:
7314:
7288:
7257:
7250:
7245:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7194:
7185:
7172:
7159:
7146:
7113:
7019:
6938:
6916:
6900:
6895:
6865:
6860:
6852:
6839:
6818:
6796:
6775:
6759:
6723:
6707:
6696:
6691:
6651:
6638:
6627:Mexican royalty
6620:19 January 1927
6615:
6609:
6608:
6605:House of Wettin
6600:
6593:
6557:
6547:
6528:
6491:
6490:
6477:
6449:
6448:
6444:
6422:
6394:
6393:
6372:
6325:
6324:
6272:
6271:
6249:
6248:
6226:
6225:
6203:
6202:
6169:
6168:
6164:
6119:
6100:
6072:
6071:
6049:
6048:
6035:
6021:Castelot, André
6004:
6003:
5990:
5979:
5954:
5900:
5884:
5879:
5878:
5868:
5866:
5861:
5860:
5856:
5846:
5844:
5833:
5829:
5819:
5817:
5806:
5802:
5792:
5790:
5782:
5781:
5777:
5767:
5765:
5754:
5750:
5740:
5738:
5728:
5727:
5723:
5713:
5711:
5700:
5697:Wayback Machine
5690:
5686:
5676:
5674:
5663:
5660:Wayback Machine
5653:
5649:
5639:
5637:
5626:
5622:
5612:
5610:
5600:
5599:
5595:
5585:
5583:
5572:
5569:Wayback Machine
5562:
5558:
5547:
5545:
5535:
5531:
5528:Wayback Machine
5521:
5517:
5507:
5505:
5494:
5490:
5481:
5477:
5466:
5464:
5455:
5454:
5450:
5440:
5438:
5430:"Aquellos años"
5428:
5427:
5423:
5413:
5411:
5401:
5400:
5396:
5386:
5384:
5374:
5373:
5369:
5359:
5357:
5348:
5347:
5343:
5333:
5331:
5316:
5312:
5300:
5296:
5289:
5273:
5269:
5262:
5246:
5242:
5235:
5221:
5217:
5209:
5205:
5197:
5193:
5185:
5181:
5173:
5169:
5162:
5148:
5144:
5136:
5132:
5119:
5118:
5114:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5075:
5071:
5061:
5059:
5058:on 19 July 2021
5046:
5045:
5041:
5031:
5029:
5016:
5015:
5011:
5003:
4983:
4979:
4969:
4967:
4958:
4957:
4953:
4943:
4941:
4937:
4931:
4927:
4917:
4915:
4913:
4905:. p. 841.
4893:
4889:
4879:
4877:
4868:
4867:
4863:
4855:
4851:
4836:
4822:
4815:
4808:
4792:
4788:
4781:
4765:
4761:
4749:
4743:
4739:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4714:
4700:
4696:
4688:
4684:
4676:
4672:
4658:
4657:
4650:
4642:
4638:
4626:
4622:
4614:
4610:
4602:
4598:
4590:
4586:
4573:
4572:
4568:
4560:
4556:
4548:
4544:
4536:
4532:
4522:
4520:
4511:
4510:
4506:
4498:
4494:
4486:
4482:
4474:
4470:
4462:
4458:
4450:
4446:
4438:
4434:
4426:
4422:
4417:
4402:
4392:
4390:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4368:
4357:
4347:
4345:
4334:
4330:
4322:
4318:
4310:
4306:
4298:
4294:
4283:
4276:
4266:
4264:
4254:
4250:
4240:
4238:
4227:
4220:
4212:
4208:
4200:
4196:
4188:
4184:
4176:
4172:
4164:
4160:
4153:
4143:Trip to Yucatan
4139:Viaje a Yucatan
4135:
4131:
4123:
4119:
4111:
4104:
4096:
4092:
4084:
4080:
4072:
4068:
4052:
4051:
4043:
4039:
4031:
4027:
4016:
4012:
4004:
4000:
3993:
3977:
3970:
3962:
3958:
3950:
3946:
3938:
3934:
3926:
3919:
3911:
3907:
3899:
3895:
3887:
3883:
3875:
3871:
3863:
3859:
3851:
3847:
3839:
3835:
3828:
3812:
3808:
3800:
3796:
3788:
3784:
3776:
3772:
3759:
3755:
3747:
3743:
3735:
3731:
3723:
3719:
3712:
3698:
3694:
3686:
3682:
3674:
3670:
3663:
3649:
3645:
3638:
3624:
3620:
3612:
3608:
3600:
3596:
3588:
3581:
3573:
3569:
3561:
3557:
3550:
3536:
3532:
3516:
3515:
3507:
3503:
3495:
3491:
3483:
3479:
3471:
3467:
3459:
3455:
3447:
3443:
3435:
3431:
3423:
3416:
3408:
3404:
3396:
3392:
3384:
3380:
3372:
3368:
3360:
3353:
3345:
3338:
3330:
3323:
3315:
3308:
3300:
3291:
3283:
3279:
3271:
3267:
3259:
3255:
3247:
3243:
3235:
3231:
3224:
3208:
3204:
3196:
3192:
3184:
3180:
3172:
3168:
3160:
3156:
3148:
3144:
3136:
3132:
3124:
3117:
3109:
3105:
3097:
3088:
3078:
3076:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3050:
3037:
3033:
3019:Austria-Hungary
3017:
3013:
3000:
2996:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2962:
2958:
2928:
2924:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2869:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2831:
2807:
2755:Liliane Wouters
2731:
2609:
2546:
2488:The Mad Empress
2474:Medea de Novara
2461:
2456:
2451:
1954:
1947:
1944:
1935:
1925:
1916:
1889:
1887:
1868:
1866:
1854:
1852:
1844:Austrian Empire
1837:
1835:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1766:
1761:
1693:
1637:Duke of Brabant
1578:and murmuring:
1544:
1468:
1456:Bouchout Castle
1431:, 21st century.
1429:Bouchout Castle
1420:, 21st century.
1403:
1185:
1095:
1040:, grandsons of
967:National Palace
959:
958:
957:
956:
948:
947:
946:
938:
937:
926:
817:
812:
779:satellite state
724:Gulf of Trieste
655:, wrote to the
633:Miramare Castle
613:Miramare Castle
591:
520:
380:
375:
359:Bouchout Castle
347:Miramare Castle
269:House of Wettin
226:
190:
169:
161:
157:
154:
141:
120:Bouchout Castle
118:
114:
113:19 January 1927
90:
84:
82:
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8066:
8056:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8033:Dames of Malta
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7940:
7925:
7924:
7896:
7892:
7891:
7878:
7875:
7874:
7872:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7850:
7848:
7844:
7843:
7841:
7840:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7818:
7816:
7812:
7811:
7809:
7808:
7803:
7797:
7791:
7785:
7783:
7779:
7778:
7776:
7775:
7769:
7763:
7757:
7752:
7746:
7744:
7740:
7739:
7737:
7736:
7731:
7725:
7720:
7714:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7687:
7685:
7681:
7680:
7678:
7677:
7672:
7667:
7661:
7656:
7650:
7644:
7642:
7638:
7637:
7635:
7634:
7629:
7623:
7617:
7611:
7605:
7599:
7593:
7587:
7580:
7578:
7574:
7573:
7571:
7570:
7564:
7558:
7552:
7545:
7543:
7539:
7538:
7536:
7535:
7529:
7527:
7523:
7522:
7520:
7519:
7514:
7508:
7506:
7505:9th generation
7502:
7501:
7499:
7498:
7493:
7487:
7480:
7478:
7477:8th generation
7474:
7473:
7471:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7449:
7443:
7436:
7434:
7433:7th generation
7430:
7429:
7427:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7405:
7398:
7396:
7395:6th generation
7392:
7391:
7389:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7372:
7366:
7359:
7357:
7356:5th generation
7353:
7352:
7350:
7349:
7344:
7338:
7336:
7335:4th generation
7332:
7331:
7329:
7328:
7322:
7320:
7319:3rd generation
7316:
7315:
7313:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7296:
7294:
7293:2nd generation
7290:
7289:
7287:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7265:
7263:
7262:1st generation
7259:
7258:
7255:
7252:
7251:
7244:
7243:
7236:
7229:
7221:
7212:
7211:
7190:
7187:
7186:
7180:
7178:
7177:8th generation
7174:
7173:
7167:
7165:
7164:7th generation
7161:
7160:
7154:
7152:
7151:6th generation
7148:
7147:
7145:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7128:
7121:
7119:
7118:5th generation
7115:
7114:
7112:
7111:
7105:
7099:
7093:
7088:
7082:
7076:
7070:
7064:
7058:
7052:
7046:
7040:
7034:
7027:
7025:
7024:4th generation
7021:
7020:
7018:
7017:
7011:
7005:
6999:
6993:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6971:
6965:
6959:
6953:
6946:
6944:
6943:3rd generation
6940:
6939:
6937:
6936:
6930:
6924:
6922:
6921:2nd generation
6918:
6917:
6915:
6914:
6908:
6906:
6905:1st generation
6902:
6901:
6894:
6893:
6886:
6879:
6871:
6862:
6861:
6844:
6841:
6840:
6838:
6837:
6832:
6826:
6824:
6823:6th generation
6820:
6819:
6817:
6816:
6810:
6804:
6802:
6801:5th generation
6798:
6797:
6795:
6794:
6789:
6783:
6781:
6780:4th generation
6777:
6776:
6774:
6773:
6767:
6765:
6764:3rd generation
6761:
6760:
6758:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6731:
6729:
6728:2nd generation
6725:
6724:
6722:
6721:
6715:
6713:
6712:1st generation
6709:
6708:
6701:
6698:
6697:
6690:
6689:
6682:
6675:
6667:
6659:
6658:
6653:
6644:
6636:
6630:
6629:
6623:
6622:
6601:
6594:
6591:
6586:
6585:
6572:
6563:
6556:
6555:External links
6553:
6552:
6551:
6545:
6532:
6526:
6513:
6504:
6481:
6475:
6462:
6442:
6426:
6420:
6407:
6384:
6370:
6355:
6338:
6312:
6303:
6294:
6285:
6262:
6239:
6216:
6191:
6182:
6162:
6145:
6132:
6123:
6117:
6104:
6098:
6085:
6062:
6039:
6033:
6017:
5994:
5988:
5970:
5958:
5952:
5939:
5904:
5898:
5883:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5854:
5827:
5800:
5775:
5762:parismatch.com
5748:
5721:
5684:
5647:
5620:
5593:
5556:
5515:
5488:
5475:
5448:
5421:
5394:
5367:
5341:
5310:
5294:
5287:
5267:
5260:
5240:
5233:
5215:
5203:
5191:
5179:
5167:
5160:
5142:
5130:
5112:
5091:
5069:
5039:
5009:
5001:
4977:
4951:
4925:
4911:
4887:
4861:
4859:, p. 636.
4849:
4834:
4813:
4806:
4786:
4779:
4759:
4752:(in Spanish).
4737:
4719:
4712:
4694:
4692:, p. 272.
4682:
4680:, p. 270.
4670:
4648:
4646:, p. 269.
4636:
4620:
4618:, p. 298.
4616:Bilteryst 2014
4608:
4596:
4594:, p. 261.
4584:
4575:"Faits divers"
4566:
4554:
4552:, p. 621.
4542:
4540:, p. 170.
4538:Bilteryst 2014
4530:
4504:
4492:
4480:
4468:
4456:
4444:
4442:, p. 210.
4432:
4428:Bilteryst 2014
4420:
4400:
4374:
4372:, p. 166.
4370:Bilteryst 2014
4355:
4328:
4316:
4314:, p. 165.
4312:Bilteryst 2014
4304:
4292:
4274:
4248:
4218:
4216:, p. 427.
4206:
4194:
4192:, p. 550.
4190:Léon Niox 1874
4182:
4180:, p. 212.
4178:Bilteryst 2014
4170:
4168:, p. 392.
4158:
4151:
4129:
4127:, p. 384.
4117:
4102:
4100:, p. 383.
4090:
4088:, p. 369.
4078:
4076:, p. 377.
4066:
4037:
4035:, p. 207.
4025:
4010:
4008:, p. 310.
3998:
3991:
3968:
3966:, p. 366.
3956:
3954:, p. 365.
3944:
3942:, p. 363.
3932:
3930:, p. 316.
3917:
3915:, p. 287.
3905:
3893:
3891:, p. 116.
3881:
3879:, p. 279.
3869:
3867:, p. 278.
3857:
3855:, p. 113.
3845:
3843:, p. 273.
3833:
3826:
3806:
3794:
3792:, p. 264.
3782:
3770:
3753:
3741:
3729:
3717:
3710:
3692:
3680:
3678:, p. 229.
3668:
3661:
3643:
3636:
3618:
3606:
3594:
3592:, p. 123.
3579:
3577:, p. 122.
3567:
3555:
3548:
3530:
3501:
3489:
3477:
3465:
3463:, p. 112.
3453:
3441:
3429:
3414:
3402:
3390:
3378:
3366:
3351:
3336:
3321:
3306:
3302:Bilteryst 2014
3289:
3285:Bilteryst 2014
3277:
3273:Bilteryst 2014
3265:
3253:
3241:
3229:
3222:
3202:
3198:Bilteryst 2014
3190:
3186:Bilteryst 2014
3178:
3174:Bilteryst 2014
3166:
3154:
3150:Bilteryst 2014
3142:
3138:Bilteryst 2014
3130:
3115:
3103:
3101:, p. 508.
3086:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3031:
3011:
2994:
2984:
2975:
2966:Moniteur belge
2956:
2940:André Castelot
2932:Maxime Weygand
2922:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2858:
2855:
2830:
2827:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2764:
2758:
2748:
2738:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2710:
2697:
2687:
2673:
2662:
2650:
2638:
2635:Ernesto Alonso
2619:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2596:
2585:
2579:
2572:
2559:
2553:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2527:
2511:
2495:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1962:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1938:
1936:
1926:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1885:
1864:
1850:
1846:: Dame of the
1833:
1832:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1810:Mexican Empire
1798:
1795:
1779:Royal Highness
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1692:
1689:
1621:
1620:
1608:
1596:
1588:
1562:brought on by
1543:
1540:
1467:
1464:
1445:Charles Loysel
1402:
1399:
1390:André Castelot
1354:Franz Joseph I
1292:Trevi Fountain
1283:Eugène Disdéri
1221:Le Grand Hôtel
1184:
1181:
1118:Gulf of Mexico
1094:
1091:
1007:secularization
950:
949:
940:
939:
931:
930:
929:
928:
927:
925:
922:
816:
813:
811:
808:
763:Espírito Santo
759:Rio de Janeiro
676:Villa of Monza
590:
587:
548:Franz Joseph I
519:
516:
491:and therefore
452:Windsor Castle
440:Queen Victoria
412:Louis-Philippe
379:
376:
374:
371:
291:(in 1857) and
248:
247:
242:
238:
237:
232:
228:
227:
225:
224:
218:
211:
209:
203:
202:
199:
198:
180:
179:
171:
170:
159:
155:
150:
149:
147:
143:
142:
137:
135:
131:
130:
117:(aged 86)
111:
107:
106:
80:
76:
75:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
57:
56:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8065:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7935:
7933:
7912:
7908:
7901:
7897:
7889:
7885:
7881:
7876:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7851:
7849:
7845:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7819:
7817:
7813:
7807:
7804:
7801:
7798:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7786:
7784:
7780:
7773:
7770:
7767:
7764:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7747:
7745:
7741:
7735:
7732:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7718:
7715:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7688:
7686:
7682:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7645:
7643:
7639:
7633:
7630:
7627:
7624:
7621:
7618:
7615:
7612:
7609:
7606:
7603:
7600:
7597:
7594:
7591:
7588:
7585:
7582:
7581:
7579:
7575:
7568:
7565:
7562:
7559:
7556:
7553:
7550:
7547:
7546:
7544:
7540:
7534:
7531:
7530:
7528:
7524:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7509:
7507:
7503:
7497:
7494:
7491:
7488:
7485:
7482:
7481:
7479:
7475:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7453:
7450:
7447:
7444:
7441:
7438:
7437:
7435:
7431:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7409:
7406:
7403:
7400:
7399:
7397:
7393:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7376:
7373:
7370:
7367:
7364:
7361:
7360:
7358:
7354:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7339:
7337:
7333:
7327:
7324:
7323:
7321:
7317:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7297:
7295:
7291:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7266:
7264:
7260:
7253:
7249:
7242:
7237:
7235:
7230:
7228:
7223:
7222:
7219:
7209:
7204:
7203:
7199:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7179:
7175:
7170:
7166:
7162:
7157:
7153:
7149:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7132:
7129:
7126:
7123:
7122:
7120:
7116:
7109:
7106:
7103:
7100:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7086:
7083:
7080:
7077:
7074:
7071:
7068:
7065:
7062:
7059:
7056:
7053:
7050:
7047:
7044:
7041:
7038:
7035:
7032:
7029:
7028:
7026:
7022:
7015:
7012:
7009:
7006:
7003:
7000:
6997:
6994:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6975:
6972:
6969:
6966:
6963:
6960:
6957:
6954:
6951:
6948:
6947:
6945:
6941:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6925:
6923:
6919:
6913:
6910:
6909:
6907:
6903:
6899:
6892:
6887:
6885:
6880:
6878:
6873:
6872:
6869:
6859:
6857:
6851:
6849:
6842:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6827:
6825:
6821:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6805:
6803:
6799:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6784:
6782:
6778:
6772:
6769:
6768:
6766:
6762:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6732:
6730:
6726:
6720:
6717:
6716:
6714:
6710:
6705:
6699:
6695:
6688:
6683:
6681:
6676:
6674:
6669:
6668:
6665:
6657:
6654:
6650:
6649:
6643:
6642:
6635:
6631:
6628:
6624:
6619:
6612:
6607:
6606:
6599:
6598:
6589:
6584:
6580:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6558:
6548:
6542:
6538:
6533:
6529:
6527:9798988041511
6523:
6519:
6514:
6510:
6505:
6501:
6495:
6487:
6482:
6478:
6472:
6468:
6463:
6459:
6453:
6445:
6439:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6423:
6417:
6413:
6408:
6404:
6398:
6390:
6385:
6381:
6377:
6373:
6371:2-8040-0907-6
6367:
6363:
6362:
6356:
6352:
6348:
6344:
6339:
6335:
6329:
6321:
6317:
6313:
6309:
6304:
6300:
6295:
6291:
6286:
6282:
6276:
6268:
6263:
6259:
6253:
6245:
6240:
6236:
6230:
6222:
6217:
6213:
6207:
6199:
6198:
6192:
6188:
6183:
6179:
6173:
6165:
6159:
6154:
6153:
6146:
6142:
6138:
6133:
6129:
6124:
6120:
6114:
6110:
6105:
6101:
6095:
6091:
6086:
6082:
6076:
6068:
6063:
6059:
6053:
6045:
6040:
6036:
6030:
6026:
6022:
6018:
6014:
6008:
6000:
5995:
5991:
5985:
5978:
5977:
5971:
5967:
5963:
5959:
5955:
5949:
5945:
5940:
5936:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5918:
5915:(in French).
5914:
5910:
5905:
5901:
5895:
5891:
5886:
5885:
5864:
5858:
5842:
5838:
5831:
5815:
5811:
5804:
5789:
5785:
5779:
5763:
5759:
5752:
5737:
5736:
5731:
5725:
5709:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5694:
5688:
5672:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5657:
5651:
5635:
5631:
5624:
5609:
5608:
5603:
5597:
5581:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5566:
5560:
5543:
5542:
5534:
5529:
5525:
5519:
5503:
5499:
5492:
5485:
5479:
5462:
5458:
5452:
5437:
5436:
5431:
5425:
5410:
5409:
5404:
5398:
5383:
5382:
5377:
5371:
5355:
5351:
5345:
5329:
5325:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5303:
5298:
5290:
5288:9782373240061
5284:
5280:
5279:
5271:
5263:
5257:
5253:
5252:
5244:
5236:
5234:9798988041511
5230:
5226:
5219:
5213:, p. 37.
5212:
5207:
5200:
5195:
5189:, p. 17.
5188:
5183:
5177:, p. 80.
5176:
5171:
5163:
5161:2-85004-013-4
5157:
5153:
5146:
5140:, p. 71.
5139:
5134:
5126:
5122:
5116:
5108:
5102:
5094:
5088:
5083:
5082:
5073:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5043:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5013:
5004:
4998:
4994:
4990:
4989:
4981:
4965:
4961:
4955:
4936:
4929:
4914:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4899:
4891:
4875:
4871:
4865:
4858:
4857:Castelot 2002
4853:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4831:
4827:
4820:
4818:
4809:
4803:
4799:
4798:
4790:
4782:
4776:
4772:
4771:
4763:
4756:. p. 47.
4755:
4748:
4741:
4733:
4732:Le Bruxellois
4729:
4723:
4715:
4709:
4705:
4698:
4691:
4686:
4679:
4674:
4666:
4663:(in French).
4662:
4655:
4653:
4645:
4640:
4631:
4624:
4617:
4612:
4605:
4604:Castelot 2002
4600:
4593:
4588:
4580:
4576:
4570:
4564:, p. 90.
4563:
4558:
4551:
4550:Castelot 2002
4546:
4539:
4534:
4518:
4514:
4508:
4502:, p. 68.
4501:
4500:Defrance 2012
4496:
4490:, p. 37.
4489:
4488:Defrance 2012
4484:
4478:, p. 33.
4477:
4476:Defrance 2012
4472:
4466:, p. 18.
4465:
4464:Defrance 2012
4460:
4454:, p. 36.
4453:
4452:Defrance 2012
4448:
4441:
4436:
4429:
4424:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4388:
4384:
4378:
4371:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4343:
4339:
4332:
4325:
4320:
4313:
4308:
4301:
4300:Castelot 2002
4296:
4288:
4281:
4279:
4262:
4259:
4252:
4236:
4232:
4225:
4223:
4215:
4214:Castelot 2002
4210:
4203:
4202:Castelot 2002
4198:
4191:
4186:
4179:
4174:
4167:
4166:Castelot 2002
4162:
4154:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4125:Castelot 2002
4121:
4114:
4109:
4107:
4099:
4098:Castelot 2002
4094:
4087:
4086:Castelot 2002
4082:
4075:
4070:
4062:
4056:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4029:
4021:
4014:
4007:
4006:Castelot 2002
4002:
3994:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3975:
3973:
3965:
3964:Castelot 2002
3960:
3953:
3952:Castelot 2002
3948:
3941:
3940:Castelot 2002
3936:
3929:
3928:Castelot 2002
3924:
3922:
3914:
3913:Castelot 2002
3909:
3902:
3901:Castelot 2002
3897:
3890:
3885:
3878:
3877:Castelot 2002
3873:
3866:
3865:Castelot 2002
3861:
3854:
3849:
3842:
3841:Castelot 2002
3837:
3829:
3823:
3819:
3818:
3810:
3803:
3802:Castelot 2002
3798:
3791:
3790:Castelot 2002
3786:
3779:
3778:Castelot 2002
3774:
3766:
3765:
3757:
3750:
3749:Castelot 2002
3745:
3738:
3737:Castelot 2002
3733:
3726:
3725:Castelot 2002
3721:
3713:
3707:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3688:Castelot 2002
3684:
3677:
3676:Castelot 2002
3672:
3664:
3658:
3654:
3647:
3639:
3633:
3629:
3622:
3616:, p. 29.
3615:
3610:
3604:, p. 36.
3603:
3598:
3591:
3586:
3584:
3576:
3571:
3565:, p. 28.
3564:
3559:
3551:
3545:
3541:
3534:
3526:
3520:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3497:Defrance 2012
3493:
3487:, p. 64.
3486:
3481:
3475:, p. 27.
3474:
3469:
3462:
3457:
3451:, p. 69.
3450:
3445:
3439:, p. 62.
3438:
3433:
3426:
3425:Defrance 2012
3421:
3419:
3411:
3410:Defrance 2012
3406:
3400:, p. 61.
3399:
3394:
3388:, p. 60.
3387:
3386:Castelot 2002
3382:
3376:, p. 64.
3375:
3374:Castelot 2002
3370:
3364:, p. 25.
3363:
3358:
3356:
3348:
3347:Defrance 2012
3343:
3341:
3334:, p. 40.
3333:
3328:
3326:
3318:
3313:
3311:
3304:, p. 70.
3303:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3286:
3281:
3275:, p. 51.
3274:
3269:
3263:, p. 32.
3262:
3257:
3251:, p. 27.
3250:
3245:
3239:, p. 26.
3238:
3233:
3225:
3223:2-87130-168-9
3219:
3215:
3214:
3206:
3200:, p. 38.
3199:
3194:
3188:, p. 42.
3187:
3182:
3176:, p. 37.
3175:
3170:
3164:, p. 25.
3163:
3158:
3152:, p. 23.
3151:
3146:
3140:, p. 21.
3139:
3134:
3127:
3126:Defrance 2004
3122:
3120:
3112:
3107:
3100:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3063:
3059:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3028:
3024:
3023:German Empire
3020:
3015:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2988:
2979:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2900:
2896:
2886:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2871:Mexico portal
2861:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2610:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2525:
2524:Aquellos años
2521:
2520:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2470:Liechtenstein
2467:
2463:
2462:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1980:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1942:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1886:
1884:
1883:19 April 1865
1880:
1876:
1865:
1862:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1801:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1730:, her latent
1729:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1688:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1618:
1616:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1597:
1594:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1577:
1573:
1570:According to
1569:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1553:
1548:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1518:, where King
1517:
1513:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1472:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1430:
1426:
1419:
1415:
1407:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1367:, and doctor
1366:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1338:Édouard Manet
1335:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1318:
1315:, a Viennese
1314:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:Saint-Nazaire
1194:
1189:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1090:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1062:Benito Juárez
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1004:
999:
997:
993:
987:
985:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
954:
953:Albert Gräfle
944:
935:
921:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
881:
876:
875:
871:
867:
863:
855:
851:
846:
842:
839:
831:
830:
827:
821:
807:
805:
801:
797:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
770:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
731:
727:
725:
720:
718:
713:
710:
705:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
686:
681:
677:
673:
669:
664:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
614:
610:
603:
599:
595:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
563:
561:
557:
551:
549:
545:
540:
538:
534:
524:
515:
512:
508:
504:
503:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
477:
467:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
389:
384:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
351:Benito Juárez
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
287:, she became
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
246:
243:
239:
236:
233:
229:
223:(by marriage)
222:
219:
216:
213:
212:
210:
208:
204:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
176:
172:
153:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
129:
125:
121:
112:
108:
105:
101:
97:
93:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
58:
53:
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
7915:. Retrieved
7910:
7900:
7887:
7883:
7879:
7690:
7532:
7195:
7191:
6932:
6911:
6853:
6845:
6718:
6655:
6646:
6639:
6633:
6617:
6610:
6603:
6595:
6536:
6517:
6508:
6485:
6466:
6436:. New York.
6433:
6411:
6388:
6360:
6342:
6319:
6307:
6298:
6289:
6266:
6243:
6220:
6196:
6186:
6151:
6140:
6127:
6108:
6089:
6066:
6043:
6024:
5998:
5975:
5965:
5943:
5916:
5912:
5889:
5882:Bibliography
5867:. Retrieved
5857:
5845:. Retrieved
5840:
5830:
5818:. Retrieved
5813:
5803:
5791:. Retrieved
5787:
5778:
5766:. Retrieved
5761:
5751:
5739:. Retrieved
5733:
5724:
5712:. Retrieved
5705:
5693:Ghostarchive
5691:Archived at
5687:
5675:. Retrieved
5668:
5656:Ghostarchive
5654:Archived at
5650:
5638:. Retrieved
5633:
5623:
5611:. Retrieved
5605:
5596:
5584:. Retrieved
5577:
5565:Ghostarchive
5563:Archived at
5559:
5546:. Retrieved
5539:
5524:Ghostarchive
5522:Archived at
5518:
5506:. Retrieved
5504:(in Spanish)
5501:
5491:
5483:
5478:
5465:. Retrieved
5460:
5451:
5439:. Retrieved
5433:
5424:
5412:. Retrieved
5406:
5397:
5385:. Retrieved
5379:
5370:
5358:. Retrieved
5353:
5344:
5332:. Retrieved
5327:
5324:Pro Phalaris
5323:
5313:
5308:(in German).
5301:
5297:
5277:
5270:
5250:
5243:
5224:
5218:
5206:
5194:
5182:
5170:
5151:
5145:
5133:
5124:
5115:
5080:
5072:
5060:. Retrieved
5056:the original
5051:
5042:
5030:. Retrieved
5026:the original
5021:
5012:
4987:
4980:
4968:. Retrieved
4963:
4954:
4942:. Retrieved
4928:
4916:. Retrieved
4901:(in Dutch).
4897:
4890:
4878:. Retrieved
4873:
4864:
4852:
4825:
4796:
4789:
4769:
4762:
4740:
4731:
4722:
4703:
4697:
4685:
4673:
4664:
4660:
4639:
4629:
4623:
4611:
4599:
4587:
4578:
4569:
4557:
4545:
4533:
4521:. Retrieved
4516:
4507:
4495:
4483:
4471:
4459:
4447:
4435:
4423:
4391:. Retrieved
4386:
4377:
4346:. Retrieved
4341:
4331:
4319:
4307:
4295:
4286:
4265:. Retrieved
4260:
4251:
4239:. Retrieved
4234:
4209:
4197:
4185:
4173:
4161:
4142:
4138:
4132:
4120:
4093:
4081:
4074:McAllen 2014
4069:
4046:
4040:
4033:McAllen 2014
4028:
4019:
4013:
4001:
3981:
3959:
3947:
3935:
3908:
3896:
3884:
3872:
3860:
3848:
3836:
3816:
3809:
3797:
3785:
3773:
3763:
3756:
3744:
3732:
3720:
3701:
3695:
3683:
3671:
3652:
3646:
3627:
3621:
3609:
3602:McAllen 2014
3597:
3570:
3558:
3539:
3533:
3510:
3504:
3499:, p. 9.
3492:
3480:
3468:
3456:
3444:
3432:
3427:, p. 6.
3412:, p. 7.
3405:
3393:
3381:
3369:
3349:, p. 5.
3280:
3268:
3256:
3244:
3232:
3212:
3205:
3193:
3181:
3169:
3157:
3145:
3133:
3106:
3077:. Retrieved
3071:
3062:
3034:
3014:
2997:
2987:
2978:
2965:
2959:
2938:. Historian
2936:Alain Decaux
2925:
2899:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2766:
2761:Mamá Carlota
2760:
2750:
2740:
2734:
2721:
2713:
2712:The program
2700:
2693:
2683:
2679:
2676:Laura Flores
2669:
2665:
2656:
2644:
2628:
2613:
2588:
2581:
2575:
2574:The musical
2566:
2555:
2549:
2537:Greta Gerwig
2530:
2523:
2517:
2501:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2188:
1907:
1882:
1787:
1777:
1767:
1751:
1724:
1705:
1701:a posteriori
1700:
1694:
1681:
1673:
1622:
1614:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1592:
1582:
1580:
1557:
1509:
1492:
1489:
1477:
1449:
1434:
1393:
1392:in his work
1382:
1362:
1343:
1331:
1305:
1288:
1267:
1255:Pope Pius IX
1252:
1244:
1226:
1205:Juan Almonte
1198:
1193:Napoleon III
1174:aide-de-camp
1171:
1166:
1163:
1157:
1147:Maria Amalia
1113:
1107:
1078:
1058:
1049:
1031:
1000:
988:
960:
904:
897:
889:Pope Pius IX
879:
873:
859:
850:Pope Pius IX
835:
823:
775:Napoleon III
771:
761:and finally
738:
736:
721:
714:
706:
684:
680:chamberlains
672:Royal Palace
665:
618:
597:
567:Napoleon III
564:
552:
541:
529:
500:
497:
472:
395:
393:
339:Pope Pius IX
328:
308:Napoleon III
297:
260:
256:
252:
251:
115:(1927-01-19)
29:
7943:1927 deaths
7938:1840 births
7913:(in French)
6613:7 June 1840
6200:. New York.
5843:(in French)
5816:(in French)
5764:(in French)
5741:18 November
5636:(in French)
5613:19 November
5461:data.bnf.fr
5441:19 November
5334:28 November
5022:hbr.fgov.be
4876:(in French)
4519:(in French)
4389:(in French)
4263:(in French)
4237:(in French)
3513:. Brussels.
3027:World War I
2992:lypemania".
2743:(1986), by
2658:El carruaje
2653:Nelly Meden
2622:María Rivas
2593:Luis Valdez
2519:Those Years
2514:Helena Rojo
2498:Bette Davis
2490:(1939) and
1728:religiosity
1708:Joan Haslip
1629:Royal Crypt
1512:World War I
1499:and Prince
1466:Later years
1272:South Tyrol
1242:in Mexico.
963:Mexico City
698:Grand Canal
316:Mexico City
89:7 June 1840
52:Mexico City
7932:Categories
7196:** also a
6351:B0037F14XW
6163:9681318110
5714:27 January
5677:27 January
5586:27 January
5414:27 January
5387:27 January
5175:Paoli 2008
5138:Paoli 2008
5092:0030865727
4966:(in Dutch)
4235:lalibre.be
3332:Paoli 2008
3317:Paoli 2008
3054:References
2906:civil list
2771:C. M. Mayo
2769:(2010) by
2753:(1989) by
2682:(Spanish:
2626:telenovela
2607:Television
2550:Maximilien
2522:(Spanish:
1900:525th Dame
1716:Roger Heim
1676:Edwin Ganz
1665:Clémentine
1649:Marie-José
1497:Marie-José
1485:gramophone
1322:Gartenhaus
979:Cuernavaca
913:Martinique
905:SMS Novara
874:SMS Novara
829:SMS Novara
791:figurehead
685:majordomos
629:Schönbrunn
283:and later
217:(by birth)
85:1840-06-07
6494:cite book
6452:cite book
6397:cite book
6328:cite book
6275:cite book
6252:cite book
6246:. London.
6229:cite book
6206:cite book
6172:cite book
6075:cite book
6052:cite book
6007:cite book
5935:1699-4949
5634:lesoir.be
5101:cite book
4844:700646299
4261:lesoir.be
4055:cite book
4020:Revue Ami
3519:cite book
3079:2 October
2484:La paloma
1732:mysticism
1697:psychosis
1645:Elisabeth
1581:«Mexico (
1564:influenza
1560:pneumonia
1505:monomania
1248:Leopold I
901:etiquette
787:Civil War
460:Claremont
396:Charlotte
300:Elisabeth
255:(French:
7198:princess
6432:(1998).
6380:30898347
6318:(1874).
6139:(1964).
6023:(2002).
5964:(1962).
5695:and the
5658:and the
5567:and the
5526:and the
5360:21 March
4964:meise.be
4387:dhnet.be
2971:Brussels
2857:See also
2718:France 3
2565:'s play
2526:, 1973).
2486:(1937),
2482:(1934),
2472:actress
1952:Ancestry
1736:euphoria
1639:and the
1520:Albert I
1516:De Panne
1358:Archduke
1317:alienist
1301:Holy See
1234:paranoia
1191:Emperor
1160:in 1864.
1137:and the
1129:city of
917:Veracruz
739:Fantasia
661:halberds
649:liveries
565:Emperor
518:Marriage
507:Plutarch
485:Cardinal
483:, later
420:Philippe
343:alienist
333:and the
324:Americas
100:Brussels
7917:22 July
7200:of the
6581:of the
6577:in the
6568:at the
5847:22 July
5820:22 July
5793:20 June
5768:22 July
5707:YouTube
5670:YouTube
5640:22 July
5579:YouTube
5548:22 July
5541:YouTube
5536:(video)
5508:22 July
5467:22 July
5062:19 July
5032:19 July
4970:19 July
4944:19 July
4918:19 July
4880:19 July
4523:18 July
4393:17 July
4348:17 July
4267:17 July
4241:17 July
3025:during
2811:Dargaud
2661:(1972).
2649:(1970).
2571:(1961).
2556:Carlota
2494:(1942).
1902:of the
1797:Honours
1720:Yucatán
1712:bromide
1631:of the
1583:Mexique
1510:During
1501:Charles
1452:England
1340:, 1868.
1296:Vatican
1285:, 1867.
1260:Bolzano
1219:to the
1217:Eugénie
1114:Tabasco
1110:Yucatán
1082:amnesty
996:Bazaine
909:Jamaica
870:frigate
838:Emperor
826:frigate
767:Tétouan
757:, then
751:Funchal
743:Madeira
717:liberal
702:gondola
442:of the
416:Leopold
390:, 1842.
335:Vatican
265:Belgium
261:Carlota
192:Spanish
168:
160:
156:
6634:Vacant
6616:
6543:
6524:
6473:
6440:
6418:
6378:
6368:
6349:
6160:
6115:
6096:
6031:
5986:
5950:
5933:
5896:
5869:25 May
5730:"Sisi"
5285:
5258:
5231:
5158:
5089:
4999:
4909:
4903:Lannoo
4842:
4832:
4804:
4777:
4710:
4149:
3989:
3824:
3708:
3659:
3634:
3546:
3220:
2883:Baron
2805:Comics
2729:Novels
2503:Juarez
2459:Movies
1893:
1872:
1858:
1841:
1764:Titles
1734:, her
1657:Prince
1655:, the
1651:, the
1576:rosary
1552:Laeken
1264:German
1123:Mérida
1012:Regent
880:Thémis
796:Mexico
709:Lokrum
694:Easter
641:Verona
637:Venice
575:Vienna
571:bisque
476:Laeken
448:Ostend
320:regent
304:Vienna
241:Mother
231:Father
184:French
146:Spouse
134:Burial
96:Laeken
67:Tenure
6854:†The
6846:*The
6618:Died:
6611:Born:
5980:(PDF)
4938:(PDF)
4754:UABCS
4750:(PDF)
4141:[
2891:Notes
2829:Music
2668:, or
2544:Plays
1896:Spain
1744:Uxmal
1669:Congo
1542:Death
1460:Meise
1336:, by
1270:) in
1268:Bozen
1209:Paris
1131:Uxmal
1102:Uxmal
924:Reign
755:Bahia
668:Italy
645:Milan
600:, by
363:Meise
331:Paris
207:House
178:Names
162:(
158:
124:Meise
7919:2021
7882:; **
7533:None
6912:None
6541:ISBN
6522:ISBN
6500:link
6471:ISBN
6458:link
6438:ISBN
6416:ISBN
6403:link
6376:OCLC
6366:ISBN
6347:ASIN
6334:link
6281:link
6258:link
6235:link
6212:link
6178:link
6158:ISBN
6113:ISBN
6094:ISBN
6081:link
6058:link
6029:ISBN
6013:link
5984:ISBN
5948:ISBN
5931:ISSN
5894:ISBN
5871:2022
5849:2021
5822:2021
5795:2024
5770:2021
5743:2019
5735:IMDb
5716:2015
5679:2015
5642:2021
5615:2019
5607:IMDb
5588:2015
5550:2021
5510:2021
5469:2021
5443:2019
5435:IMDb
5416:2015
5389:2015
5381:IMDb
5362:2019
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