DECT - Knowledge

45: 668: 4262: 865:(GFSK) modulation is used: the binary one is coded with a frequency increase by 288 kHz, and the binary zero with frequency decrease of 288 kHz. With high quality connections, 2-, 4- or 8-level differential PSK modulation (DBPSK, DQPSK or D8PSK), which is similar to QAM-2, QAM-4 and QAM-8, can be used to transmit 1, 2, or 3 bits per each symbol. QAM-16 and QAM-64 modulations with 4 and 6 bits per symbol can be used for user data (B-field) only, with resulting transmission speeds of up to 5,068 4251: 1474:

market for cordless telephones. A key weakness was also the inaccessibility of the U.S. market, due to FCC spectrum restrictions at that time. By the time mass applications for wireless Internet had emerged, and the U.S. had opened up to DECT, well into the new century, the industry had moved far ahead in terms of performance and DECT's time as a technically competitive wireless data transport had passed.

248:(GAP), a common interoperability profile for simple telephone capabilities, which most manufacturers implement. GAP-conformance enables DECT handsets and bases from different manufacturers to interoperate at the most basic level of functionality, that of making and receiving calls. Japan uses its own DECT variant, J-DECT, which is supported by the DECT forum. 1502:(HPA) claims that due to a mobile phone's adaptive power ability, a European DECT cordless phone's radiation could actually exceed the radiation of a mobile phone. A European DECT cordless phone's radiation has an average output power of 10 mW but is in the form of 100 bursts per second of 250 mW, a strength comparable to some mobile phones. 641:/TDD structure for ISM band applications. If frequency-hopping is avoided, each base station can provide up to 120 channels in the DECT spectrum before frequency reuse. Each timeslot can be assigned to a different channel in order to exploit advantages of frequency hopping and to avoid interference from other users in asynchronous fashion. 596:(GAP) system include multiple handsets to one base station and one phone line socket. This allows several cordless telephones to be placed around the house, all operating from the same telephone jack. Additional handsets have a battery charger station that does not plug into the telephone system. Handsets can in many cases be used as 1243:(1920–1930 MHz) is not free from heavy interference. Bandwidth is half as wide as that used in Europe (1880–1900 MHz), the 4 mW average transmission power reduces range compared to the 10 mW permitted in Europe, and the commonplace lack of GAP compatibility among US vendors binds customers to a single vendor. 630:(TDD), which means that down- and uplink use the same frequency but different time slots. Thus a base station provides 12 duplex speech channels in each frame, with each time slot occupying any available channel – thus 10 × 12 = 120 carriers are available, each carrying 32 kbit/s. 1100:

two random numbers to the handset, which calculates the response using the shared 128-bit key. The handset can also request authentication by sending a 64-bit random number to the base, which chooses a second random number, calculates the response using the shared key, and sends it back with the second random number.

1274:, Telecommunications Regulatory Commission of Sri Lanka and the Independent Communication Authority of South Africa. European DECT products may not be used in the United States and Canada, as they likewise cause and suffer from interference with American and Canadian cellular networks, and use is prohibited by the 872:

DECT provides dynamic channel selection and assignment; the choice of transmission frequency and time slot is always made by the mobile terminal. In case of interference in the selected frequency channel, the mobile terminal (possibly from suggestion by the base station) can initiate either intracell

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market, albeit much smaller than the cordless home market, has been very successful as well, and all the major PABX vendors have advanced DECT access options available. The public access application did not succeed, since public cellular networks rapidly out-competed DECT by coupling their ubiquitous

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Named Digital European Cordless Telephone at its launch by CEPT in November 1987; its name was soon changed to Digital European Cordless Telecommunications, following a suggestion by Enrico Tosato of Italy, to reflect its broader range of application including data services. In 1995, due to its more

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The DECT media access control layer includes authentication of handsets to the base station using the DECT Standard Authentication Algorithm (DSAA). When registering the handset on the base, both record a shared 128-bit Unique Authentication Key (UAK). The base can request authentication by sending

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A new low-complexity audio codec, LC3plus, has been added as an option to the 2019 revision of the DECT standard. This codec is designed for high-quality voice and music applications, and supports scalable narrowband, wideband, super wideband, and fullband coding, with sample rates of 8, 16, 24, 32

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may have an effect on protein expression in laboratory settings but have not yet been demonstrated to have clinically significant effects in real-world settings. The World Health Organization has issued a statement on medical effects of mobile phones which acknowledges that the longer term effects

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is an interoperability profile for DECT. The intent is that two different products from different manufacturers that both conform not only to the DECT standard, but also to the GAP profile defined within the DECT standard, are able to interoperate for basic calling. The DECT standard includes full

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in several phases, the first of which took place between 1988 and 1992 when the first round of standards were published. These were the ETS 300-175 series in nine parts defining the air interface, and ETS 300-176 defining how the units should be type approved. A technical report, ETR-178, was also

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The properties of the DECT protocol make it hard to intercept a frame, modify it and send it later again, as DECT frames are based on time-division multiplexing and need to be transmitted at a specific point in time. Unfortunately very few DECT devices on the market implemented authentication and

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DECT 6.0 is a North American marketing term for DECT devices manufactured for the United States and Canada operating at 1.9 GHz. The "6.0" does not equate to a spectrum band; it was decided the term DECT 1.9 might have confused customers who equate larger numbers (such as the 2.4 and 5.8 in

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However, the timing of the availability of DECT, in the mid-1990s, was too early to find wide application for wireless data outside niche industrial applications. Whilst contemporary providers of Wi-Fi struggled with the same issues, providers of DECT retreated to the more immediately lucrative

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Unlike the GSM protocol, the DECT network specifications do not define cross-linkages between the operation of the entities (for example, Mobility Management and Call Control). The architecture presumes that such linkages will be designed into the interworking unit that connects the DECT access

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Other interoperability profiles exist in the DECT suite of standards, and in particular the DPRS (DECT Packet Radio Services) bring together a number of prior interoperability profiles for the use of DECT as a wireless LAN and wireless internet access service. With good range (up to 200 metres

174:, using a slightly different frequency range, which makes these units incompatible with systems intended for use in other areas, even from the same manufacturer. DECT has almost completely replaced other standards in most countries where it is used, with the exception of North America. 1083:

network to whatever mobility-enabled fixed network is involved. By keeping the entities separate, the handset is capable of responding to any combination of entity traffic, and this creates great flexibility in fixed network design without breaking full interoperability.

1458:. The protocol capabilities built into the DECT networking protocol standards were particularly good at supporting fast roaming in the public space, between hotspots operated by competing but connected providers. The first DECT product to reach the market, Olivetti's 509:

Enterprise premises cordless PABXs and wireless LANs, using many base stations for coverage. Calls continue as users move between different coverage cells, through a mechanism called handover. Calls can be both within the system and to the public telecommunications

1454:(660 ft) indoors and 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) using directional antennae outdoors), dedicated spectrum, high interference immunity, open interoperability and data speeds of around 500 kbit/s, DECT appeared at one time to be a superior alternative to 1444:

The DECT-2020 standard has been designed to co-exist in the DECT radio band with existing DECT deployments. It uses the same Time Division slot timing and Frequency Division center frequencies and uses pre-transmit scanning to minimize co-channel interference.

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equipment. The ETSI TS 102 527 series comes in five parts and covers wideband audio and mandatory interoperability features between handsets and base stations. They were preceded by an explanatory technical report, ETSI TR 102 570. The DECT Forum maintains the

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The maximum allowed power for portable equipment as well as base stations is 250 mW. A portable device radiates an average of about 10 mW during a call as it is only using one of 24 time slots to transmit. In Europe, the power limit was expressed as

341:(UPCS), allowing DECT devices to be sold in the U.S. with only minimal changes. These channels are reserved exclusively for voice communication applications and therefore are less likely to experience interference from other wireless devices such as 537:

as a substitute for copper pairs in the "last mile" in countries such as India and South Africa. By using directional antennas and sacrificing some traffic capacity, cell coverage could extend to over 10 kilometres (6.2 mi). One example is the

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The mobility management protocol includes the management of identities, authentication, location updating, on-air subscription and key allocation. It includes many elements similar to the GSM protocol, but also includes elements unique to DECT.

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NG-DECT/CAT-iq contains features that expand the generic GAP profile with mandatory support for high quality wideband voice, enhanced security, calling party identification, multiple lines, parallel calls, and similar functions to facilitate

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bits) which contains 24 time slots. Each slots contains 480 bits, some of which are reserved for physical packets and the rest is guard space. Slots 0–11 are always used for downlink (FP to PP) and slots 12–23 are used for uplink (PP to FP).

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with frequency-hopping for the U.S. market. The most common spectrum allocation is 1880 MHz to 1900 MHz; outside Europe, 1900 MHz to 1920 MHz and 1910 MHz to 1930 MHz spectrum is available in several countries.

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After an unverified report of a successful attack in 2002, members of the deDECTed.org project actually did reverse engineer the DECT Standard Cipher in 2008, and as of 2010 there has been a viable attack on it that can recover the key.

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Frequency: the DECT physical layer specifies RF carriers for the frequency ranges 1880 MHz to 1980 MHz and 2010 MHz to 2025 MHz, as well as 902 MHz to 928 MHz and 2400 MHz to 2483,5 MHz

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products may not be used in Europe, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Africa, as they cause and suffer from interference with the local cellular networks. Use of such products is prohibited by European Telecommunications Authorities,

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launched a wide-area DECT network known as "Fido" after much regulatory delay, covering major cities in Italy. The service was promoted for only a few months and, having peaked at 142,000 subscribers, was shut down in 2001.

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Low-capacity packet (P00) – 96 bits at the beginning of the time slot ("short slot"). This packet only contains 64-bit header (A-field) used as a dummy bearer to broadcast base station identification when

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s intervals to generate a received signal strength indication (RSSI) list. When a new channel is required, the mobile terminal (PP) or base station (FP) selects a channel with the minimum interference from the RSSI list.

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wireless LAN system by Olivetti, launched in 1993 and discontinued in 1995. A precursor to Wi-Fi, Net was a micro-cellular data-only network with fast roaming between base stations and 520 kbit/s transmission rates.

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handover, selecting another channel/transmitter on the same base, or intercell handover, selecting a different base station altogether. For this purpose, DECT devices scan all idle channels at regular 30

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In 2012, an improved authentication algorithm, the DECT Standard Authentication Algorithm 2 (DSAA2), and improved version of the encryption algorithm, the DECT Standard Cipher 2 (DSC2), both based on

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DECT Forum also launched the DECT Security certification program which mandates the use of previously optional security features in the GAP profile, such as early encryption and base authentication.

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existing 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz cordless telephones) with later products. The term was coined by Rick Krupka, marketing director at Siemens and the DECT USA Working Group / Siemens ICM.

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Cordless Advanced Technology—internet and quality (CAT-iq) is a certification program maintained by the DECT Forum. It is based on New Generation DECT (NG-DECT) series of standards from ETSI.

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High-capacity packet (P80) – 900 or 904 bits, "double slot". This packet uses two time slots and always begins in an even time slot. The B-field is increased to 800 bits..

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Vitreous State Laboratory, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA. (2002). "Chronic electromagnetic field exposure decreases HSP70 levels and lowers cytoprotection".

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and encrypting the voice stream with 64-bit encryption. While most of the DECT standard is publicly available, the part describing the DECT Standard Cipher was only available under a

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is divided into physical carriers in two dimensions: frequency and time. FDMA access provides up to 10 frequency channels, and TDMA access provides 24 time slots per every frame of 10

1912:. Detailed schedule and actions for 'Way Forward' Option 2 related to "ETSI (TC DECT) and DECT Forum Proponent" and "Nufront Proponent" candidate technology submissions for IMT-2020 392:, security, healthcare and energy monitoring applications that are battery powered. Like DECT, DECT ULE standard uses the 1.9 GHz band, and so suffers less interference than 309:

DECT was developed by ETSI but has since been adopted by many countries all over the World. The original DECT frequency band (1880–1900 MHz) is used in all countries in

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impersonating a DECT base station and revert to unencrypted mode – which allows calls to be listened to, recorded, and re-routed to a different destination.

2149:. Fischlin, Marc (Ed.): Topics in Cryptology – CT-RSA 2009, The Cryptographers' Track at the RSA Conference 2009, San Francisco, CA, USA, April 20–24, 2009. 644:

DECT allows interference-free wireless operation to around 100 metres (110 yd) outdoors. Indoor performance is reduced when interior spaces are constrained by walls.

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CAT-iq allows any DECT handset to communicate with a DECT base from a different vendor, providing full interoperability. CAT-iq 2.0/2.1 feature set is designed to support

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ETSI standards documentation ETSI EN 300 175 parts 1–8 (DECT), ETSI EN 300 444 (GAP) and ETSI TS 102 527 parts 1–5 (NG-DECT) prescribe the following technical properties:

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CAT-iq 2.0 – "Multi Line" (ETSI TS 102 527-3): multiple lines, line name, call waiting, call transfer, phonebook, call list, DTMF tones, headset, settings

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CAT-iq 2.1 – "Green" (ETSI TS 102 527-5): 3-party conference, call intrusion, caller blocking (CLIR), answering machine control, SMS, power-management

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communications; the proposal was fast-tracked by ITU-R following real-world evaluations. The new protocol will be marketed as NR+ (New Radio plus) by the DECT Forum.

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trademark and certification program; CAT-iq wideband voice profile 1.0 and interoperability profiles 2.0/2.1 are based on the relevant parts of ETSI TS 102 527.

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DECT operates in the 1880–1900 MHz band and defines ten frequency channels from 1881.792 MHz to 1897.344 MHz with a band gap of 1728 kHz.

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coverage with large increases in capacity and continuously falling costs. There has been only one major installation of DECT for public access: in early 1998

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base stations and handsets from different manufacturers, while maintaining backward compatibility with GAP equipment. It also requires mandatory support for

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Public access, using large numbers of base stations to provide high capacity building or urban area coverage as part of a public telecommunications network.

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published to explain the standard. Subsequent standards were developed and published by ETSI to cover interoperability profiles and standards for testing.

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standard, for use in Massive Machine Type Communications (MMTC) industry automation, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC), and professional

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DECT performs with fidelity in common congested domestic radio traffic situations. It is generally immune to interference from other DECT systems,

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Basic packet (P32) – 420 or 424 bits "full slot", used for normal speech transmission. User data (B-field) contains 320 bits.

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testing suites for GAP, and GAP products on the market from different manufacturers are in practice interoperable for the basic functions.

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32 bits – synchronization code (S-field): constant bit string AAAAE98AH for FP transmission, 55551675H for PP transmission

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OpenD is an open-source framework designed to provide a complete software implementation of DECT ULE protocols on reference hardware from

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by the DECT Forum, provides a common set of advanced capabilities for handsets and base stations. CAT-iq allows interchangeability across

3404: 2233: 2019: 1551: 338: 2360: 1792:"ETSI TR 102 570 V1.1.1 (2007-03). Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); New Generation DECT; Overview and Requirements" 1701:"ETSI TR 101 178 V1.5.1 (2005-02). Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT): A high level guide to the DECT standardization" 4055: 4029: 3058: 185:, primarily in home and small-office systems, though gateways with multi-cell DECT and/or DECT repeaters are also available in many 3308: 1332:

CAT-iq 1.0 – "HD Voice" (ETSI TS 102 527-1): wideband audio, calling party line and name identification (CLIP/CNAP)

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Data applications such as electronic cash terminals, traffic lights, and remote door openers also exist, but have been eclipsed by

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Domestic cordless telephony, using a single base station to connect one or more handsets to the public telecommunications network.

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requirements for ultra-reliable low-latency and massive machine-type communications, and can co-exist with earlier DECT devices.

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ETSI EN 300 175 V2.9.1 (2022-03). Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) – Common Interface (CI)

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In North America, the 4 mW average transmission power reduces range compared to the 10 mW permitted in Europe.

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encryption procedures – and even when encryption was used by the phone, it was possible to implement a

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Average transmission power: 10 mW (250 mW peak) in Europe & Japan, 4 mW (100 mW peak) in the US

611: 1923:"ETSI TR 103 422 V1.1.1 (2017-06): Requirements and technical analysis for the further evolution of DECT and DECT ULE" 1670:"ITU-R Approves DECT-2020 as New 5G Technology Standard. DECT Forum will be Promoting the Standard under the Name NR+" 1639:

World’s first non-cellular 5G technology, ETSI DECT-2020, gets ITU-R approval, setting example of new era connectivity

3789: 3438: 3359: 2569: 1275: 634: 586: 384:(DECT ULE) standard was announced in January 2011 and the first commercial products were launched later that year by 330: 1877:"ETSI TR 103 515 V1.1.1 (2018-03): Study on URLLC use cases of vertical industries for DECT evolution and DECT-2020" 1744: 1179: 516:

Wireless microphone systems, for Speech optimized applications with Automatic frequency and interference management.

408:. DECT ULE uses a simple star network topology, so many devices in the home are connected to a single control unit. 3801: 3384: 3334: 1766: 4305: 4190: 3794: 3364: 862: 2443: 1020:

4 bits – collision detection/channel quality (Z-field): optional, contains a copy of the X-field

890:(EIRP), permitting the use of high-gain directional antennas to produce much higher EIRP and hence long ranges. 4136: 1653: 177:

DECT was originally intended for fast roaming between networked base stations, and the first DECT product was

4129: 4112: 3141: 3051: 2908:"ETSI EN 300 757 V1.5.1 (2004-09). Low Rate Messaging Service (LRMS) including Short Messaging Service (SMS)" 1399: 638: 615: 1341:

CAT-iq Data – light data services, software upgrade over the air (SUOTA) (ETSI TS 102 527-4)

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Of these, the domestic application (cordless home telephones) has been extremely successful. The enterprise

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system. Within the IMT-2000 group of technologies, DECT is referred to as IMT-2000 Frequency Time (IMT-FT).

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There are several combinations of slots and corresponding types of physical packets with GFSK modulation:

3590: 1318: 182: 2218: 56:. In DECT terminology, the phone is the 'portable part' (PP) and the base station the 'fixed part' (FP). 3260: 3156: 2976: 1993: 1894:"ETSI TR 103 635 V1.1.1 (2019-11): DECT-2020 New Radio (NR) interface; Study on MAC and higher layers" 415:

DECT-2020 New Radio protocol was published in July 2020; it defines a new physical interface based on

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in 2005 changed channelization and licensing costs in a nearby band (1920–1930 MHz, or 1.9

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Most studies have been unable to demonstrate any link to health effects, or have been inconclusive.

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radio, similar to mobile phones, baby monitors, Wi-Fi, and other cordless telephone technologies.

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64 bits – header (A-field): control traffic in logical channels C, M, N, P, and Q

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Before 1.9 GHz band was approved by the FCC in 2005, DECT could only operate in unlicensed

990: = 672) – "long slot", used by NG-DECT/CAT-iq wideband voice and data. 181:

wireless LAN. However, its most popular application is single-cell cordless phones connected to

4230: 3342: 2919:"ETSI EN 300 824 V1.3.1 (2001-08). Cordless Terminal Mobility (CTM) – CTM Access Profile (CAP)" 2548: 2416: 1160: 1087: 593: 245: 2052: 2026: 4168: 4095: 3521: 3168: 3081: 2607: 1506: 1402:. DECT-2020 is compliant with the requirements for Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications 1345: 1112: 667: 381: 234: 1239:

In North America, DECT suffers from deficiencies in comparison to DECT elsewhere, since the

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or "Fixed Part" is used to terminate the radio link and provide access to a fixed line. A

8: 4295: 4163: 4153: 2188: 1561: 1190: 903: 534: 356:) standard was first published in 2007; it was developed by ETSI with guidance from the 226: 294:

global usage, the name was changed from European to Enhanced. DECT is recognized by the

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and its "HAN FUN" protocol are variants tailored for home security, automation, and the

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Lucks, Stefan; Schuler, Andreas; Tews, Erik; Weinmann, Ralf-Philipp; Wenzel, Matthias.

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Cordless Terminal Mobility (CTM) Access Profile (CAP) – ETSI EN 300 824

238: 148: 128: 94: 2990: 2079:"Beware of Buying Radiocommunications Equipment not Meeting Prescribed Specifications" 1285:

DECT 8.0 HD is a marketing designation for North American DECT devices certified with

4266: 2961: 2942: 2853:"ETSI TS 103 634 V1.4.1 (2023-03). Low Complexity Communication Codec plus (LC3plus)" 2587: 2058: 1828:"ETSI TS 103 634 V1.1.1 (2019-08): Low Complexity Communication Codec plus (LC3plus)" 1467: 2599: 2546: 2184: 4180: 4080: 4075: 3952: 3394: 3324: 2579: 2180: 346: 170:

radio-frequency regulations. This forced development of a variation of DECT called

2632:"What are the health risks associated with mobile phones and their base stations?" 221:, and RTX. DECT can also be used for purposes other than cordless phones, such as 4124: 3067: 2997: 2512:""A guide to DECT NR+ – why the world needs a non-cellular 5G wireless protocol"" 2114: 1470:

built niche businesses on the supply of data transmission systems based on DECT.

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in Europe, as well as South Africa, Asia, Hong Kong, Australia, and New Zealand

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The resulting full data rate is 32 kbit/s, available in both directions.

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uses Link Access Protocol Control (LAPC), a specially designed variant of the

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Fast Software Encryption, 17th International Workshop, FSE 2010, Seoul, Korea

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320 bits – user data (B-field): DECT payload, i.e. voice data

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The 420/424 bits of a GFSK basic packet (P32) contain the following fields:

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Better resistance to radio interference (co-channel interference rejection)

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128-bit encryption, were included as optional in the NG-DECT/CAT-iq suite.

911: 652: 578: 460: 365: 342: 230: 222: 53: 2800:"ETSI TS 103 636-2. Part 2: Radio reception and transmission requirements" 1967: 1654:

ETSI TR 103 810 V1.1.1 (2021-11). Final Evaluation Report on DECT-2020 NR.

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Schuler, Andreas; Tews, Erik; Weinmann, Ralf-Philipp (29 December 2008).

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There are several CAT-iq profiles which define supported voice features:

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The DECT standard originally envisaged three major areas of application:

436: 210: 2631: 2215:"DSC – Reverse Engineering of the Samsung DECT SP-R6150" 139:, where it is the common standard, replacing earlier standards, such as 2017: 1104: 932:

GFSK modulation uses a bit rate of 1152 kbit/s, with a frame of 10

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from microwave ovens, which all operate in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz

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CT3 was only available as prototype and subsequently replaced by DECT

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4 bits – error-checking (X-field): CRC of the B-field

656: 491: 472: 397: 318: 190: 155: 105: 2897:"ETSI EN 301 649 V2.3.1 (2015-03). DECT Packet Radio Service (DPRS)" 4003: 3907: 3806: 3729: 3696: 3270: 3121: 3101: 2547:

Independent Advisory Group on Non-ionising Radiation (April 2012).

2466:""DECT-2020: The first global non-cellular 5G technology approved"" 1386:

bands worldwide. The standard was designed to meet a subset of the

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Nohl, Karsten; Tews, Erik; Weinmann, Ralf-Philipp (4 April 2010).

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or "Portable Part" to access a fixed telephone network via radio.

4237: 3767: 3734: 3609: 3540: 3474: 3469: 3389: 3126: 2536:. IEE Journal of Computing and Control Engineering. October 1994. 2269:"DECT Frequencies, Channels, Frequency Bands | Electronics Notes" 1541: 1525: 1353: 1304: 1247: 1172:

DECT Packet Radio System (DPRS) – ETSI EN 301 649

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kHz. Direct communication between end devices is possible with a

361: 256: 218: 198: 49: 2886:"ETSI EN 300 444 V2.5.1 (2017-10). Generic Access Profile (GAP)" 2875:"ETSI EN 300 700 V2.2.1 (2018-12). Wireless Relay Station (WRS)" 1344:

CAT-iq IOT – Smart Home connectivity (IOT) with

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WDECT 2.4 GHz phones reported interoperability issues with

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Various access profiles have been defined in the DECT standard:

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services with the DECT Standard Cipher (DSC). The encryption is

3946: 3817: 3717: 3459: 3399: 3245: 3116: 3091: 1357: 1300: 1255: 393: 374: 369: 310: 252: 136: 2714:"ETSI EN 300 175-3. Part 3: Medium Access Control (MAC) layer" 1075:-derived protocol. Many DECT-specific changes have been made. 447:. There are 17 radio channel frequencies in the range from 450 431:-1024 modulation. The updated standard supports multi-antenna 4034: 4019: 3982: 3969: 3888: 3866: 3672: 3464: 3280: 3275: 3220: 3204: 3181: 2991:

Technical Report: Multicell Networks based on DECT and CAT-iq

2133:"Serious security vulnerabilities in DECT wireless telephony" 1455: 1403: 1322: 1259: 1193:(RLL) Access Profile (RAP) – ETSI ETS 300 765 1072: 725: 709: 698: 648: 554: 483:

modulations were also considered by the ESTI DECT committee.

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topology. In October 2021, DECT-2020 NR was approved for the

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Interworking Profile (UIP) – ETSI TS 101 863

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Interworking Profile (IIP) – ETSI EN 300 434

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is then used to connect calls to the fixed network, such as

4200: 3898: 3712: 3580: 3507: 3111: 3031: 3021: 2549:"Health Effects from Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields" 2139: 1940:"ETSI TR 103 513 V1.1.1 (2019-11): DECT Technology Roadmap" 1536: 1459: 1422: 1406:

and massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) of IMT-2020.

1379: 1314: 1216: 1068: 1065: 1061:

All these communicate through a Link Control Entity (LCE).

926: 546: 432: 420: 314: 286: 214: 189:(PBX) systems for medium and large businesses, produced by 178: 159: 132: 73: 3026: 2864:"ETSI TS 103 706 V1.1.1 (2022-01). Advanced Audio Profile" 2780:

ETSI TS 103 636 v1.4.1 (2023-03). DECT-2020 New Radio (NR)

2725:"ETSI EN 300 175-4. Part 4: Data Link Control (DLC) layer" 1634: 1632: 412:

and 48 kHz and audio bandwidth of up to 20 kHz.

3620: 3595: 3516: 3503: 3479: 2955: 2534:"Wireless LANs: developments in technology and standards" 1530: 1387: 428: 334: 295: 147:. Since the DECT-2020 standard onwards, it also includes 144: 140: 84: 2081:. Office of the Communications Authority. Archived from 1955: 1622: 604:, intercommunicating without telephone line connection. 251:

The New Generation DECT (NG-DECT) standard, marketed as

3998: 3921: 3691: 3493: 3414: 3011: 2102: 2100: 1629: 1391: 1378:

DECT-2020, also called NR+, is a new radio standard by

562: 558: 303: 270: 2833:"ETSI TS 103 636-5. Part 5: DLC and Convergence layer" 2747:"ETSI EN 300 175-6. Part 6: Identities and addressing" 659:

technology, baby monitors and other wireless devices.

2054:

Wireless Communications: Principles And Practice, 2/E

1006:

388 bits – data (D-field), including

600:, communicating between each other, and sometimes as 455:

MHz, and channel bandwidths of 1,728, 3,456, or 6,912

2387:"The Use of DECT 6.0 Phones is illegal in Sri Lanka" 2097: 2974: 2844:

Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT)

2117:. Erik Tews, University of Birmingham. 31 May 2016. 2011: 1280:

Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada

2977:"Rechnernetze – The DECT Standard" 2152: 1184:Multimedia in the Local Loop Access Profile (MRAP) 971: ≤ 136) or "long slot" (137 ≤ 925:data link protocol called LAPD. They are based on 269:New Radio, marketed as NR+ (New Radio plus), is a 2958:Personal Wireless Communication with DECT and PWT 2703:"ETSI EN 300 175-2. Part 2: Physical Layer (PHL)" 2503: 2489:""DECT-2020 New Radio (NR) and IoT: An Overview"" 1510:(over several decades) require further research. 1036:always contains the following protocol entities: 840:Time slots: 2 × 12 (up and down stream) 565:which compete with DECT for both voice and data. 4277: 2736:"ETSI EN 300 175-5. Part 5: Network (NWK) layer" 2491:. New Equipment Digest (Endeavor Business Media) 2444:""The first non-cellular 5G standard: DECT NR+"" 2231: 1649: 1647: 975: ≤ 856). User data (B-field) contains 1409:DECT-2020 NR has new capabilities compared to 902:layer controls the physical layer and provides 494:; the project is maintained by the DECT forum. 419:orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (CP- 3323: 2758:"ETSI EN 300 175-7. Part 7: Security features" 1664: 1662: 1431:Better radio sensitivity (OFDM and Turbocodes) 1051:Call Independent Supplementary Services (CISS) 3309: 3052: 2956:Phillips, John A.; Mac Namee, Gerard (1998). 2468:. Hiddenwires (IML Group plc). 5 October 2022 2147:Attacks on the DECT Authentication Mechanisms 1644: 273:data transmission protocol which meets ITU-R 2612:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2510:Mark Patrick, Caroline Hayes (24 May 2023). 2458: 2334:"Lists of Illegal and Legal Cordless Phones" 2225: 1225: 121:Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications 38:Digital enhanced cordless telecommunications 18:Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications 2811:"ETSI TS 103 636-3. Part 3: Physical layer" 2480: 2441: 2234:"Cryptanalysis of the DECT Standard Cipher" 2106:Dr. DECT Secturity: Present, Past, Future. 1659: 1552:Unlicensed Personal Communications Services 967:bits, either two half-slots (0 ≤ 339:Unlicensed Personal Communications Services 3316: 3302: 3059: 3045: 3032:Open source implementation of a DECT stack 2616:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2213:Weinmann, Ralf-Philipp (26 January 2009). 1994:"La TELECOM spegne "Fido" – 5 aprile 2000" 1695: 1693: 1612:, "Home Area Network FUNctional protocol". 1064:The call control protocol is derived from 1054:Connection Oriented Message Service (COMS) 893: 886:(ERP), rather than the more commonly used 818:(DECT 6.0) in the United States and Canada 573:The DECT standard specifies a means for a 43: 2936: 1448: 166:. North American adoption was delayed by 2486: 2358: 2212: 2051:S, Rappaport Theodore (September 2010). 1157:Public Access Profile (PAP) (deprecated) 757:kbit/s MPEG-4 ER AAC-LD (super-wideband) 666: 545:The first data application for DECT was 313:. Outside Europe, it is used in most of 2435: 2127: 2125: 2123: 1690: 1462:, was a wireless LAN, and German firms 1212:(GIP) – ETSI EN 301 242 1163:(GAP) – ETSI EN 300 444 1047:Optionally it may also contain others: 888:equivalent isotropically radiated power 826:10 channels in Europe and Latin America 662: 14: 4278: 4186:Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service 2822:"ETSI TS 103 636-4. Part 4: MAC layer" 2446:. 5G Technology World (WTWH Media LLC) 1686:from the original on 24 February 2022. 1484:Wireless electronic devices and health 154:Beyond Europe, it has been adopted by 3297: 3040: 2975:Prof. Dr. W. Kowalk (13 March 2007). 2939:Cordless Telecommunications Worldwide 2789:"ETSI TS 103 636-1. Part 1: Overview" 2692:"ETSI EN 300 175-1. Part 1: Overview" 2320:"Example of WI-FI and WDECT problems" 2160:DECT Security Analysis (Ph.D. Thesis) 1983:. DECT Forum Newsletter. 6 March 1998 1717:from the original on 12 November 2013 1175:DECT Multimedia Access Profile (DMAP) 1057:Connectionless Message Service (CLMS) 592:Typical abilities of a domestic DECT 388:. The standard was created to enable 302:requirements and thus qualifies as a 4144:Spectral efficiency comparison table 2120: 1808:from the original on 4 December 2013 1573: 1477: 1394:requirements that are applicable to 959:) – 100 + 671:DECT pulse duration measurement (100 471:applications with point-to-point or 280: 27:ETSI standard for cordless telephony 4301:Mobile telecommunications standards 3066: 2578:(3). (US) Wiley-Liss, Inc: 447–54. 1981:DECT for Cordless Terminal Mobility 832:5 channels in the US, Brazil, Japan 823:Carriers (1.728 MHz spacing): 618:(TDMA) system. This means that the 285:The DECT standard was developed by 24: 2929: 2255:"SmartBeat™ Low-Power 1.9GHz DECT" 2162:. Technische Universität Darmstadt 2057:. Pearson Education. p. 587. 1178:DECT Evolution and Audio Solution 1119:to the phones' manufacturers from 612:frequency-division multiple access 568: 360:through the DECT Forum to support 25: 4327: 3005: 2384: 2135:. Heise Online. 29 December 2008. 2050: 1968:"OpenD unified API: Introduction" 1292: 1276:Federal Communications Commission 850: 635:frequency-hopping spread spectrum 587:public switched telephone network 331:Federal Communications Commission 4260: 4249: 3335:List of mobile phone generations 2572:Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 1027: 859:uses FDMA/TDMA access with TDD. 610:DECT operates as a multicarrier 2624: 2563: 2551:. (UK) Health Protection Agency 2540: 2526: 2409: 2378: 2352: 2326: 2312: 2286: 2261: 2247: 2206: 2165: 2071: 2044: 1986: 1974: 1960: 1949: 1932: 1915: 1903: 1886: 1869: 1837: 1820: 1784: 1767:"DECT Issue 006 – October 2016" 1759: 1737:"DECT reaches a New Generation" 1187:Open Data Access Profile (ODAP) 914:services to the higher layers. 863:Gaussian frequency-shift keying 244:The DECT standard includes the 4311:Wireless communication systems 2937:Tuttlebee, Wally H.W. (1996). 2664: 2442:Martin Rowe (16 August 2023). 2025:. deDECTed.org. Archived from 1729: 1615: 1603: 1533:(DECT's predecessor in Europe) 1356:base stations found in office 728:μ-law/A-law PCM (narrow band), 497: 266: 13: 1: 2108:DECT World 2016 Presentations 1567: 1400:Industrial internet of things 955:Variable capacity packet (P00 616:time-division multiple access 4256:Telecommunication portal 3000:. Dosch & Amand Research 2677: 2657: 2487:Dan Shey (6 February 2023). 2361:"TRC Seizes Wireless Phones" 1437:Better bandwidth utilization 1367: 1198:Interworking profiles (IWP) 353: 229:and industrial sensors. The 183:traditional analog telephone 7: 1513: 1286: 1230: 1148: 1103:The standard also provides 1094: 843:Channel allocation: dynamic 10: 4332: 3753:CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0 2423:. October 2017. p. 16 1481: 1371: 1298: 1250:and 900 MHz Region 2 427:Gbit/s transfer rate with 4246: 4068: 4048: 4012: 3997: 3962: 3935: 3920: 3897: 3856: 3827: 3777: 3766: 3745: 3705: 3690: 3665: 3643: 3635:EDGE/EGPRS - Evolved EDGE 3619: 3608: 3568: 3560:D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136) 3549: 3530: 3502: 3492: 3447: 3423: 3413: 3341: 3332: 3213: 3195: 3167: 3074: 2640:World Health Organization 2273:www.electronics-notes.com 2193:adsq2u$ p00$ 1@wanadoo.fr 1910:ITU-R R15-IMT.2020-C-0053 1226:Additional specifications 712:sub-band ADPCM (wideband) 352:The New Generation DECT ( 100: 90: 80: 69: 61: 42: 37: 2173:"Do you like ice cream?" 1520:GSM Interworking Profile 1500:Health Protection Agency 1210:GSM Interworking Profile 1129:man-in-the-middle attack 1117:non-disclosure agreement 1043:Mobility Management (MM) 986: = 640), P67 ( 884:effective radiated power 445:automatic repeat request 4091:Comparison of standards 3730:UTRA-TDD LCR / TD-SCDMA 2996:27 October 2020 at the 1845:"DECT Today (May 2018)" 1656:ETSI, 23 November 2021. 1641:. ETSI, 19 October 2021 1191:Radio in the Local Loop 894:Data link control layer 533:DECT has been used for 358:Home Gateway Initiative 187:private branch exchange 131:standard maintained by 4306:Software-defined radio 4096:Channel access methods 3735:UTRA-TDD HCR / TD-CDMA 2421:Newsletter.insight5.nl 2185:alt.anonymous.messages 1507:Electromagnetic fields 1449:DECT for data networks 1289:"Multi Line" profile. 1161:Generic Access Profile 680: 594:Generic Access Profile 423:) capable of up to 1.2 246:generic access profile 158:and most countries in 4267:Telephones portal 3375:MTA - MTB - MTC - MTD 2417:"DECT Today, Issue 8" 2113:19 April 2021 at the 1956:http://opend.dect.org 1346:DECT Ultra Low Energy 1169:Data access profiles 1113:initialization vector 800:in China (until 2003) 670: 382:DECT Ultra Low Energy 3884:iBurst (IEEE 802.20) 3657:CDMA2000 1X Advanced 2514:. Electronics Weekly 2294:"WDECT Phone review" 2221:on 26 February 2012. 1679:. 24 February 2022. 1413:and DECT Evolution: 900:media access control 829:8 channels in Taiwan 701:ADPCM (narrow band), 663:Technical properties 628:time-division duplex 488:Dialog Semiconductor 386:Dialog Semiconductor 227:wireless microphones 3770:(3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G) 3612:(2.5G, 2.75G, 2.9G) 3380:Mobile TeleSeratout 3214:Long range wireless 2300:on 27 February 2009 1585:2.rohde-schwarz.com 1562:Wireless local loop 963:or 104 + 904:connection oriented 835:3 channels in Korea 633:DECT also provides 535:wireless local loop 135:. It originated in 34: 4258: 3844:(TIA/EIA/IS-856-B) 3838:(TIA/EIA/IS-856-A) 3836:1xEV-DO Revision A 2340:. 10 December 2015 2085:on 21 October 2019 1591:on 1 November 2012 1581:"DECT Information" 1468:Hoeft & Wessel 816:1920–1930 MHz 810:1910–1930 MHz 804:1910–1920 MHz 798:1900–1920 MHz 792:1893–1906 MHz 786:1880–1895 MHz 780:1786–1792 MHz 774:1880–1900 MHz 681: 298:as fulfilling the 239:internet of things 129:cordless telephony 95:Cordless telephony 32: 4273: 4272: 4076:Cellular networks 4064: 4063: 3993: 3992: 3916: 3915: 3762: 3761: 3718:UTRA-FDD / W-CDMA 3686: 3685: 3653:(TIA/EIA/IS-2000) 3604: 3603: 3488: 3487: 3291: 3290: 2967:978-0-89006-872-4 2948:978-3-540-19970-0 2642:. 5 December 2005 2584:10.1002/jcb.10036 2177:Groups.google.com 2064:978-81-317-3186-4 2032:on 5 October 2016 1998:Angelodenicola.it 1747:on 23 August 2018 1478:Health and safety 1464:Dosch & Amand 1348:(ETSI TS 102 939) 1111:, using a 35-bit 1040:Call Control (CC) 794:(J-DECT) in Japan 347:wireless networks 281:Standards history 118: 117: 16:(Redirected from 4323: 4265: 4264: 4263: 4254: 4253: 4252: 4181:Mobile broadband 4081:Mobile telephony 4069:Related articles 4010: 4009: 3953:LTE Advanced Pro 3933: 3932: 3848:EV-DO Revision C 3842:EV-DO Revision B 3775: 3774: 3703: 3702: 3617: 3616: 3500: 3499: 3421: 3420: 3346:radio telephones 3325:Cellular network 3318: 3311: 3304: 3295: 3294: 3061: 3054: 3047: 3038: 3037: 3018:DECT information 2987: 2985: 2983: 2971: 2952: 2925: 2923: 2914: 2912: 2903: 2901: 2892: 2890: 2881: 2879: 2870: 2868: 2859: 2857: 2839: 2837: 2828: 2826: 2817: 2815: 2806: 2804: 2795: 2793: 2775: 2773: 2764: 2762: 2753: 2751: 2742: 2740: 2731: 2729: 2720: 2718: 2709: 2707: 2698: 2696: 2671: 2668: 2652: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2628: 2622: 2621: 2611: 2603: 2567: 2561: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2544: 2538: 2537: 2530: 2524: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2507: 2501: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2484: 2478: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2462: 2456: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2439: 2433: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2413: 2407: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2393:. Archived from 2382: 2376: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2356: 2350: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2330: 2324: 2323: 2316: 2310: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2296:. Archived from 2290: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2238: 2229: 2223: 2222: 2217:. Archived from 2210: 2204: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2169: 2163: 2156: 2150: 2143: 2137: 2136: 2129: 2118: 2104: 2095: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2075: 2069: 2068: 2048: 2042: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2031: 2024: 2015: 2009: 2008: 2006: 2004: 1990: 1984: 1978: 1972: 1971: 1964: 1958: 1953: 1947: 1946: 1944: 1936: 1930: 1929: 1927: 1919: 1913: 1907: 1901: 1900: 1898: 1890: 1884: 1883: 1881: 1873: 1867: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1857:on 18 April 2021 1856: 1850:. Archived from 1849: 1841: 1835: 1834: 1832: 1824: 1818: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1807: 1796: 1788: 1782: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1763: 1757: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1743:. Archived from 1733: 1727: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1716: 1705: 1697: 1688: 1687: 1685: 1674: 1666: 1657: 1651: 1642: 1636: 1627: 1626: 1619: 1613: 1607: 1601: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1587:. Archived from 1577: 1268: 1254:; some users of 939: 935: 876: 868: 817: 812:in Latin America 811: 805: 799: 793: 787: 781: 775: 756: 748:MPEG-4 ER AAC-LD 745: 734: 723: 707: 696: 679:ms) on channel 8 678: 674: 625: 458: 454: 450: 426: 114: 111: 109: 107: 52:A165 phone with 47: 35: 31: 21: 4331: 4330: 4326: 4325: 4324: 4322: 4321: 4320: 4276: 4275: 4274: 4269: 4261: 4259: 4250: 4248: 4242: 4149:Frequency bands 4060: 4044: 4002: 3989: 3958: 3925: 3912: 3893: 3852: 3823: 3769: 3768:3G transitional 3758: 3741: 3695: 3682: 3661: 3639: 3611: 3610:2G transitional 3600: 3564: 3545: 3541:cdmaOne (IS-95) 3526: 3484: 3443: 3409: 3337: 3328: 3322: 3292: 3287: 3209: 3191: 3163: 3070: 3068:Internet access 3065: 3008: 3003: 2998:Wayback Machine 2981: 2979: 2968: 2949: 2932: 2930:Further reading 2921: 2917: 2910: 2906: 2899: 2895: 2888: 2884: 2877: 2873: 2866: 2862: 2855: 2851: 2835: 2831: 2824: 2820: 2813: 2809: 2802: 2798: 2791: 2787: 2771: 2767: 2760: 2756: 2749: 2745: 2738: 2734: 2727: 2723: 2716: 2712: 2705: 2701: 2694: 2690: 2680: 2675: 2674: 2669: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2645: 2643: 2630: 2629: 2625: 2605: 2604: 2568: 2564: 2554: 2552: 2545: 2541: 2532: 2531: 2527: 2517: 2515: 2508: 2504: 2494: 2492: 2485: 2481: 2471: 2469: 2464: 2463: 2459: 2449: 2447: 2440: 2436: 2426: 2424: 2415: 2414: 2410: 2400: 2398: 2397:on 20 July 2020 2383: 2379: 2369: 2367: 2357: 2353: 2343: 2341: 2332: 2331: 2327: 2318: 2317: 2313: 2303: 2301: 2292: 2291: 2287: 2277: 2275: 2267: 2266: 2262: 2253: 2252: 2248: 2236: 2230: 2226: 2211: 2207: 2197: 2195: 2171: 2170: 2166: 2157: 2153: 2144: 2140: 2131: 2130: 2121: 2115:Wayback Machine 2105: 2098: 2088: 2086: 2077: 2076: 2072: 2065: 2049: 2045: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2022: 2020:"What is DECT?" 2016: 2012: 2002: 2000: 1992: 1991: 1987: 1979: 1975: 1966: 1965: 1961: 1954: 1950: 1942: 1938: 1937: 1933: 1925: 1921: 1920: 1916: 1908: 1904: 1896: 1892: 1891: 1887: 1879: 1875: 1874: 1870: 1860: 1858: 1854: 1847: 1843: 1842: 1838: 1830: 1826: 1825: 1821: 1811: 1809: 1805: 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2636:Online Q&A 2623: 2562: 2539: 2525: 2502: 2479: 2457: 2434: 2408: 2377: 2359:Daily Mirror. 2351: 2325: 2311: 2285: 2260: 2246: 2224: 2205: 2164: 2151: 2138: 2119: 2096: 2070: 2063: 2043: 2010: 1985: 1973: 1959: 1948: 1931: 1914: 1902: 1885: 1868: 1836: 1819: 1783: 1758: 1728: 1689: 1658: 1643: 1628: 1614: 1602: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1565: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1528: 1523: 1515: 1512: 1479: 1476: 1450: 1447: 1442: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1372:Main article: 1369: 1366: 1350: 1349: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1317:calls through 1294: 1293:NG-DECT/CAT-iq 1291: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1223: 1222: 1221: 1220: 1213: 1206: 1196: 1195: 1194: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1176: 1173: 1167: 1164: 1158: 1150: 1147: 1096: 1093: 1059: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1029: 1026: 1022: 1021: 1018: 1017: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1004: 997: 996: 993: 992: 991: 953: 949: 908:connectionless 895: 892: 857:physical layer 852: 851:Physical layer 849: 848: 847: 844: 841: 838: 837: 836: 833: 830: 827: 821: 820: 819: 813: 807: 801: 795: 789: 783: 777: 762: 761: 760: 759: 758: 751: 740: 729: 715: 714: 713: 702: 664: 661: 626:ms. DECT uses 620:radio spectrum 602:walkie-talkies 575:portable phone 570: 567: 527:Telecom Italia 518: 517: 514: 511: 507: 499: 496: 469:wireless audio 441:channel coding 282: 279: 261:wideband audio 116: 115: 102: 98: 97: 92: 88: 87: 82: 78: 77: 71: 67: 66: 63: 59: 58: 48: 40: 39: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4328: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4283: 4281: 4268: 4257: 4245: 4239: 4236: 4232: 4231:Wi-Fi Calling 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4208: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4191:NGMN Alliance 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4151: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4138: 4135: 4131: 4128: 4127: 4126: 4123: 4119: 4116: 4115: 4114: 4111: 4107: 4104: 4103: 4102: 4099: 4098: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4073: 4071: 4067: 4057: 4054: 4053: 4051: 4047: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4011: 4008: 4005: 4000: 3996: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3971: 3968: 3967: 3965: 3961: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3944: 3941: 3940: 3938: 3934: 3931: 3928: 3923: 3919: 3909: 3906: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3896: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3873: 3870: 3869: 3868: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3855: 3849: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3826: 3819: 3815: 3812: 3808: 3805: 3804: 3803: 3800: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3787: 3786: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3765: 3754: 3751: 3750: 3748: 3744: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3724: 3721: 3720: 3719: 3716: 3715: 3714: 3711: 3710: 3708: 3704: 3701: 3698: 3693: 3689: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3670: 3668: 3664: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3642: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3607: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3573: 3571: 3567: 3561: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3548: 3542: 3539: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3529: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3491: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3452: 3450: 3446: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3434:AMPS - N-AMPS 3432: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3412: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3319: 3314: 3312: 3307: 3305: 3300: 3299: 3296: 3282: 3279: 3278: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3218: 3216: 3212: 3206: 3203: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3194: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3158: 3155: 3154: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3079: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3062: 3057: 3055: 3050: 3048: 3043: 3042: 3039: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3019: 3016: 3013: 3010: 3009: 2999: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2978: 2973: 2969: 2963: 2959: 2954: 2950: 2944: 2940: 2935: 2934: 2920: 2916: 2909: 2905: 2898: 2894: 2887: 2883: 2876: 2872: 2865: 2861: 2854: 2850: 2849: 2846: 2843: 2842: 2834: 2830: 2823: 2819: 2812: 2808: 2801: 2797: 2790: 2786: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2778: 2770: 2766: 2759: 2755: 2748: 2744: 2737: 2733: 2726: 2722: 2715: 2711: 2704: 2700: 2693: 2689: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2681: 2667: 2663: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2627: 2619: 2615: 2609: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2566: 2550: 2543: 2535: 2529: 2513: 2506: 2490: 2483: 2467: 2461: 2445: 2438: 2422: 2418: 2412: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2381: 2366: 2362: 2355: 2339: 2335: 2329: 2321: 2315: 2299: 2295: 2289: 2274: 2270: 2264: 2256: 2250: 2242: 2235: 2228: 2220: 2216: 2209: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2168: 2161: 2155: 2148: 2142: 2134: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2116: 2112: 2109: 2103: 2101: 2084: 2080: 2074: 2066: 2060: 2056: 2055: 2047: 2028: 2021: 2014: 1999: 1995: 1989: 1982: 1977: 1969: 1963: 1957: 1952: 1941: 1935: 1924: 1918: 1911: 1906: 1895: 1889: 1878: 1872: 1853: 1846: 1840: 1829: 1823: 1804: 1800: 1793: 1787: 1772: 1768: 1762: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1732: 1713: 1709: 1702: 1696: 1694: 1682: 1678: 1671: 1665: 1663: 1655: 1650: 1648: 1640: 1635: 1633: 1624: 1618: 1611: 1606: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1576: 1572: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1517: 1511: 1508: 1503: 1501: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1485: 1475: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1446: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1426:Cyclic Prefix 1424: 1420: 1416: 1415: 1414: 1412: 1407: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1375: 1365: 1363: 1362:home gateways 1359: 1355: 1347: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1330: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1297: 1290: 1288: 1283: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1242: 1237: 1218: 1214: 1211: 1207: 1204: 1200: 1199: 1197: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1136: 1132: 1130: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1101: 1092: 1089: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1074: 1071:, which is a 1070: 1067: 1062: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1048: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1037: 1035: 1034:network layer 1028:Network layer 1025: 1019: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1001: 1000: 994: 989: 985: 981: 980: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 947: 946: 945: 942: 930: 928: 924: 920: 915: 913: 909: 905: 901: 891: 889: 885: 879: 870: 864: 860: 858: 845: 842: 839: 834: 831: 828: 825: 824: 822: 814: 808: 802: 796: 790: 784: 778: 772: 771: 768: 763: 752: 749: 741: 738: 730: 727: 719: 718: 716: 711: 703: 700: 692: 691: 689: 688: 687:Audio codec: 686: 685: 684: 669: 660: 658: 654: 653:video senders 650: 645: 642: 640: 636: 631: 629: 621: 617: 613: 608: 605: 603: 599: 595: 590: 588: 584: 580: 576: 566: 564: 560: 556: 551: 548: 543: 541: 536: 531: 528: 523: 515: 512: 508: 505: 504: 503: 495: 493: 489: 484: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 446: 443:, and hybrid 442: 438: 434: 430: 422: 418: 417:cyclic prefix 413: 409: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 378: 376: 371: 367: 364:functions in 363: 359: 355: 350: 348: 344: 343:baby monitors 340: 336: 332: 328: 327:United States 324: 323:South America 320: 316: 312: 307: 305: 301: 297: 291: 288: 278: 276: 272: 268: 264: 262: 258: 254: 249: 247: 242: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 223:baby monitors 220: 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 175: 173: 172:DECT 6.0 169: 168:United States 165: 164:South America 161: 157: 152: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 113: 110:/technologies 103: 99: 96: 93: 89: 86: 83: 79: 75: 72: 68: 64: 60: 55: 51: 46: 41: 36: 30: 19: 4196:Push-to-talk 3974:IEEE 802.16m 3943:LTE Advanced 3927:IMT Advanced 3872:IEEE 802.16e 3867:Mobile WiMAX 3828:3GPP2 family 3755:(TIA/IS-856) 3746:3GPP2 family 3644:3GPP2 family 3623:/3GPP family 3439:TACS - ETACS 3197:Wireless LAN 3187:Wireless USB 3169:Wireless PAN 2980:. Retrieved 2957: 2941:. Springer. 2938: 2666: 2644:. Retrieved 2635: 2626: 2608:cite journal 2575: 2571: 2565: 2555:10 September 2553:. Retrieved 2542: 2528: 2516:. Retrieved 2505: 2493:. Retrieved 2482: 2470:. Retrieved 2460: 2448:. Retrieved 2437: 2425:. Retrieved 2420: 2411: 2399:. Retrieved 2395:the original 2390: 2380: 2368:. Retrieved 2365:Daily Mirror 2364: 2354: 2342:. Retrieved 2337: 2328: 2314: 2302:. Retrieved 2298:the original 2288: 2276:. Retrieved 2272: 2263: 2249: 2240: 2227: 2219:the original 2208: 2196:. Retrieved 2176: 2167: 2154: 2141: 2087:. Retrieved 2083:the original 2073: 2053: 2046: 2036:15 September 2034:. Retrieved 2027:the original 2013: 2001:. Retrieved 1997: 1988: 1976: 1962: 1951: 1934: 1917: 1905: 1888: 1871: 1859:. Retrieved 1852:the original 1839: 1822: 1810:. Retrieved 1798: 1786: 1774:. Retrieved 1770: 1761: 1749:. Retrieved 1745:the original 1740: 1731: 1719:. Retrieved 1707: 1676: 1623:"DECT Forum" 1617: 1609: 1605: 1593:. Retrieved 1589:the original 1584: 1575: 1504: 1497: 1494: 1487: 1472: 1452: 1443: 1410: 1408: 1383: 1377: 1351: 1327: 1311: 1308: 1296: 1284: 1264: 1248:2.4 GHz 1245: 1238: 1234: 1152: 1144: 1137: 1133: 1125: 1102: 1098: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1063: 1060: 1046: 1031: 1023: 998: 987: 983: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 943: 931: 916: 897: 880: 871: 861: 854: 682: 646: 643: 632: 609: 606: 591: 579:Base station 572: 552: 544: 532: 519: 501: 485: 461:mesh network 414: 410: 379: 366:home gateway 351: 337:), known as 308: 292: 284: 265: 250: 243: 231:ULE Alliance 176: 171: 153: 124: 120: 119: 76:, DECT Forum 70:Organization 62:Abbreviation 54:base station 29: 4025:5G-Advanced 4013:3GPP family 3963:IEEE family 3955:(4.5G/4.9G) 3936:3GPP family 3778:3GPP family 3706:3GPP family 3651:CDMA2000 1X 3522:CSD - HSCSD 3027:DECTWeb.com 3014:at dect.org 2982:29 December 2518:21 November 2450:21 November 2344:27 December 2158:Erik Tews. 1421:operation ( 1325:protocols. 1262:equipment. 1109:fairly weak 750:(wideband), 739:(wideband), 690:mandatory: 614:(FDMA) and 498:Application 437:beamforming 219:Spectralink 211:Grandstream 81:Predecessor 4296:Local loop 4280:Categories 3879:Flash-OFDM 3261:Muni Wi-Fi 3152:Power-line 3012:DECT Forum 2960:. Artech. 2646:19 January 2495:3 November 2472:8 November 1677:DECT Forum 1568:References 1488:DECT uses 1482:See also: 1287:CAT-iq 2.0 1105:encryption 717:optional: 651:networks, 542:standard. 4286:Broadband 3979:WiMax 2.1 3834:CDMA2000 3327:standards 3266:Satellite 3177:Bluetooth 3157:Broadband 3132:IEEE 1901 2678:Standards 2658:Footnotes 2427:2 January 2198:2 January 2181:Newsgroup 2003:2 January 1812:2 January 1776:2 January 1751:2 January 1721:2 January 1595:2 January 1557:Microcell 1419:multipath 1390:IMT-2020 1374:DECT-2020 1368:DECT-2020 1252:ISM bands 1241:UPCS band 1180:(DA14495) 1032:The DECT 936:ms (11520 917:The DECT 912:broadcast 898:The DECT 855:The DECT 806:in Brazil 788:in Taiwan 657:Bluetooth 598:intercoms 492:DSP Group 473:multicast 398:Bluetooth 325:. In the 319:Australia 267:DECT-2020 191:Panasonic 156:Australia 4004:IMT-2020 3908:HiperMAN 3807:DC-HSDPA 3697:IMT-2000 3271:UMTS-TDD 3122:HomePlug 3102:Ethernet 2994:Archived 2600:45020298 2592:11813250 2111:Archived 2089:30 March 1803:Archived 1799:Etsi.org 1771:Dect.org 1741:Etsi.org 1712:Archived 1708:Etsi.org 1681:Archived 1514:See also 1382:for the 1267:DECT 6.0 1231:DECT 6.0 1149:Profiles 1095:Security 869:Mbit/s. 782:in Korea 767:ISM band 510:network. 465:IMT-2020 406:ISM band 300:IMT-2000 275:IMT-2020 235:DECT ULE 4238:Osmocom 4086:History 4056:DECT-5G 4030:NR-IIoT 3475:DataTAC 3470:Mobitex 3127:HomePNA 3087:Dial-up 2385:TRCSL. 2189:Usenet: 2183:: 1610:HAN FUN 1542:CorDECT 1526:IP-DECT 1498:The UK 1417:Better 1354:IP-DECT 1305:IP-DECT 746:kbit/s 737:G.729.1 735:kbit/s 724:kbit/s 708:kbit/s 697:kbit/s 583:gateway 540:corDECT 481:SC-FDMA 362:IP-DECT 354:NG-DECT 257:IP-DECT 241:(IoT). 199:Gigaset 127:) is a 101:Website 50:Gigaset 4040:NB-IoT 4006:(2021) 4001:(2018) 3947:E-UTRA 3929:(2013) 3924:(2009) 3901:family 3860:family 3818:E-UTRA 3699:(2001) 3694:(1998) 3553:family 3534:family 3510:family 3496:(1991) 3427:family 3417:(1979) 3400:B-Netz 3348:(1946) 3246:iBurst 3117:Nessum 3092:DOCSIS 2964: 2945: 2598: 2590: 2401:8 July 2370:8 July 2304:3 June 2278:26 May 2191: 2061: 1861:30 May 1358:IP-PBX 1301:CAT-iq 1256:Uniden 979:bits. 938: 934: 875: 867: 755: 744: 733: 722: 706: 695: 677: 675:Hz, 10 673: 624: 457: 453: 449: 439:, FEC 425: 394:Zigbee 375:CAT-iq 370:IP-PBX 329:, the 311:Europe 253:CAT-iq 137:Europe 91:Domain 4216:ViLTE 4211:VoLTE 4169:5G NR 4118:STDMA 4106:OFDMA 4049:Other 4035:LTE-M 4020:5G NR 3983:WiBro 3970:WiMAX 3889:WiBro 3802:HSPA+ 3795:HSUPA 3790:HSDPA 3673:WiDEN 3666:Other 3569:Other 3532:3GPP2 3465:Hicap 3460:C-450 3448:Other 3365:Altai 3281:WiBro 3276:WiMAX 3221:5G NR 3205:Wi-Fi 3182:Li-Fi 3082:Cable 3075:Wired 2922:(PDF) 2911:(PDF) 2900:(PDF) 2889:(PDF) 2878:(PDF) 2867:(PDF) 2856:(PDF) 2836:(PDF) 2825:(PDF) 2814:(PDF) 2803:(PDF) 2792:(PDF) 2772:(PDF) 2761:(PDF) 2750:(PDF) 2739:(PDF) 2728:(PDF) 2717:(PDF) 2706:(PDF) 2695:(PDF) 2596:S2CID 2391:TRCSL 2237:(PDF) 2030:(PDF) 2023:(PDF) 1943:(PDF) 1926:(PDF) 1897:(PDF) 1880:(PDF) 1855:(PDF) 1848:(PDF) 1831:(PDF) 1806:(PDF) 1795:(PDF) 1715:(PDF) 1704:(PDF) 1684:(PDF) 1673:(PDF) 1547:WDECT 1522:(GIP) 1456:Wi-Fi 1404:URLLC 1323:H.323 1260:Wi-Fi 1215:DECT/ 1208:DECT/ 1201:DECT/ 1086:DECT 1073:Q.931 982:P64 ( 952:idle. 726:G.711 710:G.722 699:G.726 649:Wi-Fi 637:over 555:Wi-Fi 477:OFDMA 402:Wi-Fi 400:, or 207:Cisco 203:Ascom 195:Mitel 112:/dect 4316:DECT 4291:ETSI 4226:ViNR 4221:VoNR 4201:MIMO 4174:CDMA 4159:UMTS 4137:SDMA 4130:CDMA 4125:SSMA 4113:TDMA 4101:FDMA 3899:ETSI 3858:IEEE 3785:HSPA 3723:FOMA 3713:UMTS 3678:DECT 3630:GPRS 3581:iDEN 3576:CDPD 3551:AMPS 3508:3GPP 3425:AMPS 3385:AMTS 3360:IMTS 3256:MMDS 3241:HSPA 3236:GPRS 3231:EVDO 3226:DECT 3142:MoCA 3137:ISDN 3112:G.hn 3107:FTTx 3022:ETSI 2984:2008 2962:ISBN 2943:ISBN 2648:2008 2618:link 2614:link 2588:PMID 2557:2013 2520:2023 2497:2023 2474:2023 2452:2023 2429:2018 2403:2017 2372:2017 2346:2019 2306:2018 2280:2020 2200:2018 2091:2014 2059:ISBN 2038:2016 2005:2018 1863:2018 1814:2018 1778:2018 1753:2018 1723:2018 1597:2018 1466:and 1423:OFDM 1411:DECT 1398:and 1384:DECT 1380:ETSI 1360:and 1321:and 1315:VoIP 1303:and 1278:and 1217:UMTS 1203:ISDN 1121:ETSI 1069:DSS1 1066:ISDN 927:HDLC 923:ISDN 910:and 639:TDMA 561:and 522:PABX 490:and 479:and 435:and 433:MIMO 421:OFDM 380:The 345:and 321:and 315:Asia 287:ETSI 215:Snom 162:and 160:Asia 143:and 133:ETSI 125:DECT 108:.org 106:etsi 74:ETSI 65:DECT 33:DECT 4206:IMS 4164:LTE 4154:GSM 3814:LTE 3621:GSM 3596:CT2 3591:PHS 3586:PDC 3517:GSM 3504:GSM 3480:CT1 3455:NMT 3405:AMR 3395:ARP 3370:OLT 3355:MTS 3251:LTE 3147:PON 3097:DSL 3020:at 2580:doi 2338:PTA 1537:Net 1531:CT2 1490:UHF 1460:Net 1396:IOT 1388:ITU 1319:SIP 1272:PTA 1140:AES 1088:GAP 547:Net 429:QAM 335:GHz 296:ITU 233:'s 179:Net 149:IoT 145:CT2 141:CT1 85:CT2 4282:: 3999:5G 3976:) 3922:4G 3692:3G 3494:2G 3415:1G 3343:0G 2638:. 2634:. 2610:}} 2606:{{ 2594:. 2586:. 2576:84 2574:. 2419:. 2389:. 2363:. 2336:. 2271:. 2239:. 2187:. 2179:. 2175:. 2122:^ 2099:^ 1996:. 1801:. 1797:. 1769:. 1739:. 1710:. 1706:. 1692:^ 1675:. 1661:^ 1646:^ 1631:^ 1583:. 1392:5G 1364:. 1282:. 1123:. 929:. 906:, 753:64 742:32 731:32 720:64 704:64 693:32 655:, 563:4G 559:3G 557:, 396:, 349:. 317:, 304:3G 271:5G 263:. 225:, 217:, 213:, 209:, 205:, 201:, 197:, 193:, 3972:( 3949:) 3945:( 3820:) 3816:( 3506:/ 3317:e 3310:t 3303:v 3060:e 3053:t 3046:v 2986:. 2970:. 2951:. 2924:. 2913:. 2902:. 2891:. 2880:. 2869:. 2858:. 2838:. 2827:. 2816:. 2805:. 2794:. 2774:. 2763:. 2752:. 2741:. 2730:. 2719:. 2708:. 2697:. 2650:. 2620:) 2602:. 2582:: 2559:. 2522:. 2499:. 2476:. 2454:. 2431:. 2405:. 2374:. 2348:. 2322:. 2308:. 2282:. 2257:. 2243:. 2202:. 2093:. 2067:. 2040:. 2007:. 1970:. 1945:. 1928:. 1899:. 1882:. 1865:. 1833:. 1816:. 1780:. 1755:. 1725:. 1625:. 1599:. 1428:) 988:j 984:j 977:j 973:j 969:j 965:j 961:j 957:j 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