517:-based navigation in order to lower costs and improve reliability. Military inertial navigation systems (INS) cannot totally rely on GPS satellite availability for course correction (which is necessitated by gradual error growth or "drift"), because of the threat of hostile blocking or jamming of signal. A less accurate inertial system usually means a less costly system, but one that requires more frequent recalibration of position from another source, like GPS. Systems which integrate GPS with INS are classified as "loosely coupled" (pre-1995), "tightly coupled" (1996-2002), or "deeply integrated" (2002 onwards), depending on the degree of integration of the hardware. As of 2006, it was envisioned that many military and civilian uses would integrate GPS with INS, including the possibility of artillery shells with a deeply integrated system that can withstand 20,000
478:
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267:. However in 1989, Draper Lab was compelled to cut its workforce of over 2000 in half, through a combination of early retirement, attrition, and involuntary layoffs. This drastic shrinkage was caused by cutbacks in defense funding, and changes in government contracting rules. In response, Draper expanded its work addressing non-defense national goals in areas such as space exploration, energy resources, medicine, robotics, and artificial intelligence, and also took measures to increase its non-government work, eventually growing to 1400 employees within the decade.
565:
CMG-augmented suit would provide better counterforce than is now available for when astronauts use tools in low-gravity environments. Counterforce is available on Earth from gravity. Without it an applied force would result in an equal force in the opposite direction, either in a straight line or spinning. In space, this could send an astronaut out of control. Currently, astronauts must affix themselves to the surface being worked on. The CMGs would offer an alternative to mechanical connection or gravitational force.
27:
651:
852:(Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) K–12 and community education outreach program, which it established in 1984. Each year, the laboratory distributes more than $ 175,000 through its community relations programs. These funds include support of internships, co-ops, participation in science festivals and the provision of tours and speakers-is an extension of this mission.
642:'s (DARPA) Nano Aerial Vehicle (NAV) program to miniaturize flying reconnaissance platforms. This entails managing the vehicle, communications and ground control systems allow NAVs to function autonomously to carry a sensor payload to achieve the intended mission. The NAVS must work in urban areas with little or no GPS signal availability, relying on vision-based sensors and systems.
635:(FAST). The application would be for security checkpoints to assess candidates for follow-up screening. In a demonstration of the technology, the project manager Robert P. Burns explained that the system is designed to distinguish between malicious intent and benign expressions of distress by employing a substantial body research into the psychology of deception.
209:
561:
Vector
Countermeasure suit, or V2Suit, which uses CMGs also to assist in balance and movement coordination by creating resistance to movement and an artificial sense of "down". Each CMG module is about the size of a deck of cards. The concept is for the garment to be worn "in the lead-up to landing back on Earth or periodically throughout a long mission".
666:, or MEMS, with microfluidics, which enables the precise control of fluids on very small scales". The device is a "flexible, fluid-filled machine", which uses tubes that expand and contract to promote fluid flow through channels with a defined rhythm, driven by a micro-scale pump, which adapts to environmental input. The system, funded by the
545:
send the first privately funded robot to the Moon. To qualify for the prize, the robot must travel 500 meters across the lunar surface and transmit video, images and other data back to Earth. A team developed a "Terrestrial
Artificial Lunar and Reduced Gravity Simulator" to simulate operations in the
844:
The research-based Draper Fellow
Program sponsors about 50 graduate students each year. Students are trained to fill leadership positions in the government, military, industry, and education. The laboratory also supports on-campus funded research with faculty and principal investigators through the
428:
According to its website, the laboratory staff applies its expertise to autonomous air, land, sea and space systems; information integration; distributed sensors and networks; precision-guided munitions; biomedical engineering; chemical/biological defense; and energy system modeling and management.
239:
The laboratory was renamed for its founder in 1970 and remained a part of MIT until 1973 when it became an independent, not-for-profit research and development corporation. The transition to an independent corporation arose out of pressures for divestment of MIT laboratories doing military research
443:
Tactical
Systems: Development of maritime intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) platforms, miniaturized munitions guidance, guided aerial delivery systems for materiel, soldier-centered physical and decision support systems, secure electronics and communications, and early intercept
673:
As of 2010, Heather Clark of Draper
Laboratory was developing a method to measure blood glucose concentration without finger-pricking. The method uses a nano-sensor, like a miniature tattoo, just several millimeters across, that patients apply to the skin. The sensor uses near-infrared or visible
564:
In 2013, a Draper/MIT/NASA team was also developing a CMG-augmented spacesuit that would expand the current capabilities of NASA's "Simplified Aid for EVA Rescue" (SAFER)—a spacesuit designed for "propulsive self-rescue" for when an astronaut accidentally becomes untethered from a spacecraft. The
560:
As of 2013, at a personal scale, Draper was developing a garment for use in orbit that uses
Controlled Moment Gyros (CMGs) that creates resistance to movement of an astronaut's limbs to help mitigate bone loss and maintain muscle tone during prolonged space flight. The unit is called a Variable
883:. It is awarded "to recognize innovative engineering achievements and their reduction to practice in ways that have led to important benefits and significant improvement in the well-being and freedom of humanity". Achievements in any engineering discipline are eligible for the $ 500,000 prize.
305:
The laboratory contributed to the development of inertial sensors, software, and other systems for the GN&C of commercial and military aircraft, submarines, strategic and tactical missiles, spacecraft, and uncrewed vehicles. Inertial-based GN&C systems were central for navigating
623:. This capability would allow an autonomous under fire to learn that that road is dangerous and find a safer route or to recognize that its fuel status and damage status. As of 2008, Paul DeBitetto reportedly led the cognitive robotics group at the laboratory in this effort.
557:, called the "optimal propellant maneuver", which achieved a 94 percent savings over previous practice. The algorithm takes into account everything that affects how the station moves, including "the position of its thrusters and the effects of gravity and gyroscopic torque".
788:
From time to time, Draper
Laboratory hosts free exhibitions and events open to the public, which are presented in special semi-public spaces at the front of the central atrium space in the main Duffy Building. For example, in 2019 Draper presented
591:. The company explained that the number 7 denotes the 7th lunar lander mission in which Draper Laboratory would be involved, after the six Apollo lunar landings. The lander concept is based on a design by a Japanese company called
678:
must measure their blood glucose several times a day by taking a drop of blood obtained by a pinprick and inserting the sample into a machine that can measure glucose level. The nano-sensor approach would supplant this process.
501:, as recently as 2003. More recently, emphasis has shifted to research in innovative space navigation topics, intelligent systems that rely on sensors and computers to make autonomous decisions, and nano-scale medical devices.
439:
Space
Systems: As "NASA's technology development partner and transition agent for planetary exploration", development of GN&C and high-performance science instruments. Expertise also addresses the national security space
247:
As it divested from MIT, the laboratory was initially moved to 75 Cambridge
Parkway and other scattered buildings near MIT, until a centralized new 450,000-square-foot (42,000 m) building could be erected at 555
195:
The expertise of the laboratory staff includes the areas of guidance, navigation, and control technologies and systems; fault-tolerant computing; advanced algorithms and software systems; modeling and simulation; and
730:
Fault-tolerant
Computing—Use of several computers work on a task simultaneously. If any one of the computers fails, the others can take over a vital capability when the safety of an aircraft or other system is at
285:
A primary focus of the laboratory's programs throughout its history has been the development and early application of advanced guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C) technologies to meet the needs of the
630:
funded Draper Laboratory and other collaborators to develop a technology to detect potential terrorists with cameras and other sensors that monitor behaviors of people being screened. The project is called
892:
670:, may treat hearing loss by delivering "tiny amounts of a liquid drug to a very delicate region of the ear, the implant will allow sensory cells to regrow, ultimately restoring the patient's hearing".
687:
Laboratory staff worked in teams to create novel navigation systems, based on inertial guidance and on digital computers to support the necessary calculations for determining spatial positioning.
1538:
828:
Other exhibitions have highlighted different aspects of the research projects conducted at Draper, including information about employment opportunities. All visitors must pass through a
220:
In 1932 Charles Stark Draper, an MIT aeronautics professor, founded a teaching laboratory to develop the instrumentation needed for tracking, controlling and navigating aircraft. During
274:
to accommodate security scanning, reception, semipublic areas, temporary exhibition space, and employee dining facilities. The open, airy interior space, designed by Boston architects
166:). The laboratory specializes in the design, development, and deployment of advanced technology solutions to problems in national security, space exploration, health care and energy.
2344:
436:
Strategic Systems: Application of guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C) expertise to hybrid GPS-aided technologies and to submarine navigation and strategic weapons security.
421:
694:
Space Inertial Reference Equipment (SPIRE) (1953)—An autonomous all-inertial navigation for aircraft whose feasibility the laboratory demonstrated in a series of 1953 flight tests.
1961:
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like the one used by the astronauts to practice the actual mission. Talks by Draper staffers and retirees, and free public concerts rounded out the festivities. A special
294:. The laboratory's achievements include the design and development of accurate and reliable guidance systems for undersea-launched ballistic missiles, as well as for the
753:
Draper Laboratory applies some of its resources to developing and recognizing technical talent through educational programs and public exhibitions. It also sponsors the
1760:
2329:
2324:
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Special Programs: Concept development, prototyping, low-rate production, and field support for first-of-a-kind systems, connected with the other technical areas.
1703:
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110:
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Energy Solutions: Managing the reliability, efficiency, and performance of equipment throughout complex energy generation and consumption systems, including
587:, which makes it eligible to bid on delivering science and technology payloads to the Moon for NASA. Draper Lab formally proposed a lunar lander called
1342:
1787:"Flexible Microsystems Deliver Drugs Through the Ear—A MEMS-based microfluidic implant could open up many difficult-to-treat diseases to drug therapy"
1586:
2334:
2141:
270:
In 2017, a formerly open-air courtyard between the original buildings was converted into an enclosed 20,000-square-foot (1,900 m) multistory
2309:
2192:
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GPS coupled with inertial navigation system—A means to allow continuous navigation when the vehicle or system goes into a GPS-denied environment
541:
In 2010 Draper Laboratory and MIT collaborated with two other partners as part of the Next Giant Leap team to win a grant towards achieving the
2319:
1031:
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615:
Draper researchers develop artificial intelligence systems to allow robotic devices to learn from their mistakes, This work is in support of
1243:
249:
192:–based computer. It was renamed for its founder in 1970, and separated from MIT in 1973 to become an independent, non-profit organization.
87:
1049:
1965:
2314:
2304:
604:
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Autonomous systems algorithms—Algorithms, which allow autonomous rendezvous and docking of spacecraft; systems for underwater vehicles
1657:
727:—A control system that allows a pilot to control the aircraft without being connected mechanically to the aircraft's control surfaces
639:
263:
Building was opened at One Hampshire Street, and connected across the street to the main building via a securely enclosed pedestrian
931:
603:, which will arrange launch services for the lander. As of September 2023, Draper and ispace are developing a lunar lander called
2016:
1918:
1734:"Spotting a terrorist—Next-generation system for detecting suspects in public settings holds promise, sparks privacy concerns"
2167:
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902:
806:
781:
632:
322:
174:
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The original logo emphasized navigation and guidance technology; the laboratory has since diversified its areas of expertise
1764:
1733:
325:(who wrote code to provide visual cues when prioritization was working correctly) and included work by programmers such as
311:
856:
659:
477:
1945:
1866:
1856:
1711:
1675:
1444:
1409:
638:
As of 2010 Neil Adams, a director of tactical systems programs for Draper Laboratory, led the systems integration of
580:
574:
1469:
482:
1626:
880:
758:
720:—The first deployed computer to exploit integrated circuit technology of on board, autonomous navigation in space
627:
1786:
1268:
1005:
1645:
769:
663:
451:
197:
216:, mounted on the control panel of the Command Module, with the Flight Director Attitude Indicator (FDAI) above
667:
546:
space environment, using Draper Laboratory's guidance, navigation and control algorithm for reduced gravity.
253:
1350:
1838:
1607:
691:
Mark 14 Gunsight (1942)—Improved gunsight accuracy of anti-aircraft guns used aboard naval vessels in WWII
554:
534:
465:
409:
307:
876:
754:
514:
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429:
When appropriate, Draper works with partners to transition their technology to commercial production.
2243:
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University R&D program. It offers undergraduate student employment and internship opportunities.
698:
592:
510:
391:
355:
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798:
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717:
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light ranges to determine glucose concentrations. Normally to regulate their blood glucose levels,
654:
Microfluidic devices have the potential for implantation in humans to deliver corrective therapies.
345:
295:
287:
213:
182:
155:
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1408:. Advances in Navigation Sensors and Integration Technology (232). NATO: 5-1–5-15. Archived from
1318:
864:
461:
397:
385:
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is free to all visitors, and focuses on educational activities for children aged 6 to 12 years.
454:(MEMS), microfluidic applications of medical technology, and miniaturized smart medical devices.
1156:
MIT I-Lab demonstration: protesters marching past the Instrumentation Laboratory, February 1970
1053:
600:
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Project areas that have surfaced in the news referred to Draper Laboratory's core expertise in
801:
hardware developed at Draper, and the mission software developed by Draper staffers including
35:
271:
457:
Air Warfare and ISR: Intelligence technology for targeting and target planning applications.
1891:
1539:"When you think gyroscopes, go ahead and think the future of spacesuits and jet packs, too"
620:
595:, which is a team member of Draper in this venture. Subcontractors in this venture include
542:
170:
8:
1543:
814:
498:
379:
2115:
1895:
1372:
1882:
Battin, Richard H. (1995-06-07). "On algebraic compilers and planetary fly-by orbits".
833:
738:) technologies—Micro-mechanical systems that enabled the first micromachined gyroscope.
189:
1903:
1052:. Center for Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology (CIMIT). Archived from
256:(Chicago), was opened in 1976 (later renamed the "Robert A. Duffy Building" in 1992).
1941:
1862:
1194:
829:
1114:
1899:
1738:
818:
817:
on a software simulator, and then attempt to land while riding inside a full-sized
361:
2171:
757:, one of the three so-called "Nobel Prizes of Engineering" administered by the US
2222:
2066:"Digital Trove of Apollo Artifacts Debuts on Draper's New Website: Hack the Moon"
1935:
1842:
1090:
596:
66:
1987:
1587:"NASA Announces New Partnerships for Commercial Lunar Payload Delivery Services"
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712:
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405:
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315:
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260:
58:
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860:
367:
54:
893:
List of United States college laboratories conducting basic defense research
1050:"Founding Consortium Institution: The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc"
221:
1133:"Draper Overview, our Global Challenges Initiative, and Selected Projects"
952:
1658:
NASA to soon announce winner of first commercial lunar lander competition
1566:"The Future of the Spacesuit—It involves gyroscopes. And better jetpacks"
849:
724:
662:
to develop an implantable drug-delivery device, which "merges aspects of
241:
177:(MIT) to develop aeronautical instrumentation, and came to be called the
26:
955:(Press release). Cambridge, MA: The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc
310:
for long periods of time undersea to avoid detection, and guiding their
2017:"Draper's tiny bio-MEM tech goes from a head-scratcher to a no-brainer"
907:
810:
708:
702:
701:(1954: also called, "George")—An early algebraic compiler, designed by
326:
279:
151:
62:
1920:
From Polaris to Trident: The Development of US Fleet Ballistic Missile
1811:
1214:
1680:
897:
855:
As of 2021, Draper Laboratory also sponsors Draper Spark!Lab, at the
802:
794:
675:
330:
181:. During this period the laboratory is best known for developing the
2193:"2010 Tech Citizenship honoree: Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc"
863:
in Washington, DC. The hands-on invention workspace operated by the
420:
382:
at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center, as well as a separate office
1836:"U.S. Navy Mark 14 Gunsight, MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, 1940s"
974:
2092:"Draper dusts off treasures of the Apollo era - The Boston Globe"
1009:
550:
518:
186:
1937:
Journey to the Moon: The History of the Apollo Guidance Computer
1835:
1168:
650:
1858:
Blazing the Trail: The Early History of Spacecraft and Rocketry
432:
The laboratory encompasses seven areas of technical expertise:
264:
244:, despite the absence of a role of the laboratory in that war.
236:. As of 1970, it was located at 45 Osborn Street in Cambridge.
1215:"Albert Hill, developer of radar and air defenses, dies at 86"
509:
The laboratory staff has studied ways to integrate input from
1676:"Ispace revises design of lunar lander for NASA CLPS mission"
616:
259:
In 1984, the newly-built 170,000-square-foot (16,000 m)
2041:
1962:"Draper, Digital Fly-by-Wire Team Enters Space Hall of Fame"
1492:"Coming Soon: Hopping Moon Robots for Private Lunar Landing"
1275:. The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. 17 February 2016
2142:"Draper program prepares fellows for advanced, niche roles"
1470:"Draper, MIT Students Test Lunar Hopper with Eyes on Prize"
1244:"First look: Draper shows off $ 60M atrium and newest tech"
1082:
Morgan, Christopher; O'Connor, Joseph; Hoag, David (1998).
1032:"The top 10 employers in Cambridge—and how to contact them"
735:
711:—A method of missile guidance, developed by Hal Laning and
584:
493:
missiles relied on inertial guidance to find their targets.
400:
US Navy Trident Guidance Program Technical Support Facility
291:
2221:. The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Archived from
2170:. The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Archived from
1089:. The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Archived from
1008:. The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Archived from
139:
2248:
Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation
1710:. National Defense Industrial Association. Archived from
1221:. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. October 30, 1996
76:
MIT Confidential Instrument Development Laboratory (1932)
2345:
University and college laboratories in the United States
1923:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 44–45.
154:
research and development organization, headquartered in
1627:
Draper bids on NASA commercial lunar lander competition
208:
1081:
489:
relied on inertial navigation while submerged and its
1648:. Draper Laboratory press release on 9 October 2018.
926:
924:
922:
2271:. National Academy of Engineering. 26 September 2013
1809:
825:
website was created to memorialize the celebration.
579:
On November 29, 2018, Draper Laboratory was named a
568:
1761:"Military Plans Hummingbird-Sized Spies in the Sky"
1396:
932:"The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc.—History"
388:
Rapid Prototyping Facility and 16th Street Facility
1810:Kranz, Rebecca; Gwosdow, Andrea (September 2009).
1622:
1620:
1608:Draper developing technologies for lunar landings.
919:
836:are not required to access the semi-public areas.
302:astronauts to the Moon and back safely to Earth.
1964:. Space Foundation. 15 April 2010. Archived from
1641:
1639:
797:. The exhibition featured artifacts, such as the
212:The display and keyboard (DSKY) interface of the
2286:
78:The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. (1973)
2330:Organizations based in Cambridge, Massachusetts
2325:Non-profit organizations based in Massachusetts
1617:
1364:
1269:"Draper Breaks Ground on $ 60 Million Addition"
1189:Leslie, Stuart W. (2010). Kaiser, David (ed.).
832:similar to those used at airports, but special
793:, a celebration of the 50th anniversary of the
780:exhibition, with a picture of software pioneer
607:to deliver CLPS payloads to the moon in 2026.
553:, Texas developed a new method for turning the
537:employs several Draper Laboratory technologies.
1636:
1084:"Draper at 25—Innovation for the 21st Century"
226:Confidential Instrument Development Laboratory
1237:
1235:
1000:
998:
996:
975:"The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory revenue"
2340:Scientific organizations established in 1932
2269:"Charles Stark Draper Prize for Engineering"
2244:"Frequently Asked Questions about Spark!Lab"
2108:
1818:. Massachusetts Society for Medical Research
1704:"Robots Get Smarter, But Who Will Buy Them?"
1646:Draper Unveils Team for NASA's Next Moonshot
1125:
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2199:. Boston Business Journal. 23 November 2010
1752:
1443:. NATO R&T Organization. Archived from
1374:Astronavigation - The First Apollo Contract
1261:
341:Draper has locations in several US cities:
2122:. The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc
2014:
1785:Borenstein, Jeffrey T. (30 October 2009).
1784:
1732:Johnson, Carolyn Y. (September 18, 2009).
1695:
1397:Schmidt, G.; Phillips, R. (October 2003).
1392:
1390:
1232:
1171:. The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc
1138:. The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc
993:
795:first Apollo Moon landing on July 20, 1969
34:
25:
1060:
640:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
2250:. Smithsonian Institution. 14 March 2020
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1514:"NASA Saves Big on Fuel in ISS Rotation"
1511:
1311:
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768:
649:
549:In 2012, Draper Laboratory engineers in
528:
476:
444:guidance for missile defense engagement.
419:
207:
160:The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc
16:US research and development organization
2335:Science and technology in Massachusetts
2023:. Massachusetts Medical Devices Journal
1985:
1731:
1467:
1461:
1431:
1429:
1387:
1335:
1286:
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1182:
599:which will manufacture the lander, and
2310:Defense companies of the United States
2287:
1881:
1563:
1530:
1188:
839:
813:. Visitors could practice landing the
682:
658:In 2009, Draper collaborated with the
610:
504:
169:The laboratory was founded in 1932 by
2320:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2140:Donnelly, Julie M. (4 January 2011).
2058:
1803:
1758:
1673:
903:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
633:Future Attribute Screening Technology
619:-funded work, pertaining to the Army
312:submarine-launched ballistic missiles
228:. Later, the name was changed to the
175:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2295:1932 establishments in Massachusetts
1933:
1725:
1701:
1489:
1426:
1029:
967:
748:
321:The Apollo software team was led by
314:to their targets, starting with the
1845:. MIT Museum. Retrieved 2011-08-16.
1778:
1505:
1435:
1399:"INS/GPS Integration Architectures"
857:National Museum of American History
660:Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
524:
472:
46:Independent, non-profit corporation
13:
645:
415:
394:US Navy Integrated Repair Facility
14:
2356:
2315:Laboratories in the United States
2305:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
2216:
2165:
2015:Sarvestani, Arezu (8 June 2011).
1763:. Tech News Daily. Archived from
1674:Foust, Jeff (29 September 2023).
1512:Bleicher, Ariel (2 August 2012).
1250:. American City Business Journals
1191:Becoming MIT: Moments of Decision
581:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
575:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
569:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
200:and multichip module technology.
1995:Encyclopedia of Computer Science
1370:
282:planting and plentiful seating.
224:, Draper's lab was known as the
121:$ 765 million (fiscal year 2023)
2261:
2210:
2185:
2159:
2133:
2090:Jungreis, Max (July 19, 2019).
2008:
1979:
1954:
1927:
1910:
1875:
1848:
1829:
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1651:
1601:
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1193:. MIT Press. pp. 124–137.
1161:
1149:
881:National Academy of Engineering
879:, which is administered by the
870:
759:National Academy of Engineering
628:Department of Homeland Security
1812:"Honey I Shrunk the...Sensor?"
1490:Wall, Mike (27 January 2011).
1468:Klamper, Amy (13 April 2011).
1107:
1042:
1030:Levy, Mark (10 October 2009).
1023:
945:
764:
664:microelectromechanical systems
452:Microelectromechanical systems
358:, as well as a separate office
254:Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
230:MIT Instrumentation Laboratory
198:microelectromechanical systems
179:MIT Instrumentation Laboratory
1:
1904:10.1016/s0094-5765(96)00095-1
1702:Jean, Grace V. (March 2008).
1564:Garber, Megan (30 May 2013).
1537:Kolawole, Emi (1 June 2013).
1349:. Haworth Inc. Archived from
913:
848:Draper Laboratory conducts a
668:National Institutes of Health
1119:MIT Course Catalog 2013–2014
521:, when fired from a cannon.
336:
308:ballistic missile submarines
298:that unfailingly guided the
7:
1438:"INS/GPS Technology Trends"
1319:"Draper Laboratory Project"
886:
555:International Space Station
535:International Space Station
466:International Space Station
410:University of South Florida
252:. The complex, designed by
113:, President and CEO (2022–)
10:
2361:
1988:"Fault-Tolerant Computing"
1986:Rennels, David A. (1999).
1890:(12). Jerusalem: 895–902.
1759:Smith, Ned (1 July 2010).
1371:NASA, Official Historian,
973:
877:Charles Stark Draper Prize
755:Charles Stark Draper Prize
572:
515:Inertial navigation system
203:
162:(sometimes abbreviated as
90:, Cambridge, MA 02139-3563
2148:. Boston Business Journal
2072:. Vocus PRW Holdings, LLC
1917:Spinardi, Graham (1994).
734:Micro-electromechanical (
699:Laning and Zierler system
511:Global Positioning System
412:(Bioengineering Center).
404:Former locations include
392:Pittsfield, Massachusetts
356:NASA Johnson Space Center
135:
125:
117:
104:
94:
82:
72:
50:
42:
33:
24:
1589:. NASA. 29 November 2018
799:Apollo Guidance Computer
774:Apollo Guidance Computer
718:Apollo Guidance Computer
346:Cambridge, Massachusetts
296:Apollo Guidance Computer
288:US Department of Defense
214:Apollo Guidance Computer
183:Apollo Guidance Computer
156:Cambridge, Massachusetts
1934:Hall, Eldon C. (1996).
1855:Gruntman, Mike (2004).
1248:Boston Business Journal
875:The company endows the
865:Smithsonian Institution
462:coal-fired power plants
398:Cape Canaveral, Florida
386:St. Petersburg, Florida
158:; its official name is
2168:"Educational Outreach"
1294:"The Atrium at Draper"
785:
655:
601:Spaceflight Industries
538:
494:
425:
217:
2219:"Community Relations"
2116:"Visitor Information"
1861:. AIAA. p. 204.
772:
653:
583:(CLPS) contractor by
573:Further information:
533:The operation of the
532:
480:
423:
211:
1298:Vanceva Color Studio
621:Future Combat System
543:Google Lunar X Prize
450:Biomedical Systems:
376:Washington Navy Yard
171:Charles Stark Draper
111:Dr. Jerry M. Wohletz
1968:on 30 December 2013
1896:1996AcAau..38..895B
1544:The Washington Post
1436:Schmidt, George T.
1115:"Draper Laboratory"
840:Technical education
834:security clearances
815:Apollo Lunar Module
683:Notable innovations
626:As of 2009, the US
611:Intelligent systems
505:Inertial navigation
499:inertial navigation
380:Huntsville, Alabama
240:at the time of the
127:Number of employees
96:Number of locations
21:
1841:2011-08-18 at the
1633:. 10 October 2018.
1300:. 28 February 2020
1242:O'Brien, Kelly J.
934:. Funding Universe
786:
656:
539:
495:
426:
329:, Dick Battin and
218:
190:integrated circuit
19:
1884:Acta Astronautica
1660:. Stephen Clark,
1200:978-0-262-11323-6
1006:"Profile: Draper"
807:Margaret Hamilton
782:Margaret Hamilton
749:Outreach programs
705:and Neal Zierler.
485:George Washington
323:Margaret Hamilton
318:missile program.
250:Technology Square
148:Draper Laboratory
145:
144:
88:Technology Square
20:Draper Laboratory
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1708:National Defense
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953:"Our Leadership"
949:
943:
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940:
939:
928:
830:security scanner
819:motion simulator
525:Space navigation
487: (SSBN-598)
473:Notable projects
362:Reston, Virginia
38:
29:
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18:
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2166:Mytko, Denise.
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2100:
2098:
2096:BostonGlobe.com
2088:
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2059:
2050:
2048:
2042:"Hack the Moon"
2040:
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2013:
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1998:
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1984:
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1843:Wayback Machine
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1662:Spaceflight Now
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1614:. 18 July 2019.
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767:
751:
685:
648:
646:Medical systems
613:
597:General Atomics
577:
571:
527:
507:
475:
418:
416:Technical areas
339:
206:
150:is an American
128:
107:
97:
77:
65:
61:
57:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2300:Apollo program
2297:
2282:
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2260:
2235:
2209:
2197:Mass High Tech
2184:
2158:
2146:Mass High Tech
2132:
2107:
2082:
2057:
2033:
2007:
1978:
1953:
1946:
1926:
1909:
1874:
1867:
1847:
1828:
1802:
1777:
1751:
1724:
1694:
1666:
1650:
1635:
1629:. Jeff Foust,
1616:
1600:
1578:
1568:. The Atlantic
1556:
1529:
1504:
1482:
1460:
1425:
1386:
1363:
1334:
1310:
1285:
1260:
1231:
1206:
1199:
1181:
1160:
1148:
1124:
1106:
1059:
1056:on 2011-12-13.
1041:
1022:
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966:
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917:
915:
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911:
910:
905:
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895:
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869:
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838:
784:at upper right
766:
763:
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747:
746:
745:
742:
739:
732:
728:
721:
715:
713:Richard Battin
706:
695:
692:
684:
681:
647:
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612:
609:
570:
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526:
523:
506:
503:
491:UGM-27 Polaris
474:
471:
470:
469:
458:
455:
448:
445:
441:
437:
417:
414:
406:Tampa, Florida
402:
401:
395:
389:
383:
377:
374:Washington, DC
371:
365:
359:
352:Houston, Texas
349:
348:(headquarters)
338:
335:
316:UGM-27 Polaris
276:Elkus Manfredi
261:Albert G. Hill
205:
202:
143:
142:
140:www.draper.com
137:
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31:
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15:
9:
6:
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2301:
2298:
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2293:
2292:
2290:
2270:
2264:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2225:on 2011-06-12
2224:
2220:
2213:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2174:on 2011-06-12
2173:
2169:
2162:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2097:
2093:
2086:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2047:
2046:Hack the Moon
2043:
2037:
2022:
2018:
2011:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1949:
1947:9781563471858
1943:
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1922:
1921:
1913:
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1901:
1897:
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1878:
1870:
1868:9781563477058
1864:
1860:
1859:
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1844:
1840:
1837:
1832:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1792:
1791:IEEE Spectrum
1788:
1781:
1767:on 2014-02-23
1766:
1762:
1755:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1728:
1714:on 2013-12-25
1713:
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1519:
1518:IEEE Spectrum
1515:
1508:
1493:
1486:
1471:
1464:
1450:on 2013-12-24
1446:
1439:
1432:
1430:
1415:on 2013-12-30
1411:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1391:
1376:
1375:
1367:
1353:on 2022-12-16
1352:
1348:
1344:
1343:"Draper Labs"
1338:
1324:
1320:
1314:
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1289:
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1134:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1096:on 2014-05-01
1092:
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1055:
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1037:
1036:Cambridge Day
1033:
1026:
1012:on 2011-06-12
1011:
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861:National Mall
858:
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823:Hack the Moon
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791:Hack the Moon
783:
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778:Hack the Moon
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2273:. Retrieved
2263:
2252:. Retrieved
2247:
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2227:. Retrieved
2223:the original
2212:
2201:. Retrieved
2196:
2187:
2176:. Retrieved
2172:the original
2161:
2150:. Retrieved
2145:
2135:
2124:. Retrieved
2119:
2110:
2099:. Retrieved
2095:
2085:
2074:. Retrieved
2070:Cision PRWeb
2069:
2060:
2049:. Retrieved
2045:
2036:
2025:. Retrieved
2020:
2010:
1999:. Retrieved
1994:
1981:
1970:. Retrieved
1966:the original
1956:
1936:
1929:
1919:
1912:
1887:
1883:
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1850:
1831:
1820:. Retrieved
1815:
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1794:. Retrieved
1790:
1780:
1769:. Retrieved
1765:the original
1754:
1743:. Retrieved
1737:
1727:
1716:. Retrieved
1712:the original
1707:
1697:
1687:30 September
1685:. Retrieved
1679:
1669:
1664:. May 2019.
1661:
1653:
1630:
1611:
1610:Jeff Foust,
1603:
1593:November 29,
1591:. Retrieved
1581:
1570:. Retrieved
1559:
1548:. Retrieved
1542:
1532:
1521:. Retrieved
1517:
1507:
1496:. Retrieved
1485:
1474:. Retrieved
1472:. Space News
1463:
1452:. Retrieved
1445:the original
1417:. Retrieved
1410:the original
1405:
1379:, retrieved
1373:
1366:
1355:. Retrieved
1351:the original
1346:
1337:
1326:. Retrieved
1322:
1313:
1302:. Retrieved
1297:
1288:
1277:. Retrieved
1272:
1263:
1252:. Retrieved
1247:
1223:. Retrieved
1218:
1209:
1190:
1184:
1173:. Retrieved
1163:
1151:
1140:. Retrieved
1127:
1118:
1109:
1098:. Retrieved
1091:the original
1054:the original
1044:
1035:
1025:
1014:. Retrieved
1010:the original
983:. Retrieved
978:
969:
957:. Retrieved
947:
936:. Retrieved
874:
871:Draper Prize
854:
847:
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284:
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238:
233:
229:
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222:World War II
219:
194:
185:, the first
178:
168:
163:
159:
147:
146:
83:Headquarters
43:Company type
2021:Mass Device
1816:What a Year
1494:. Space.com
985:29 February
765:Exhibitions
725:fly-by-wire
513:(GPS) into
370:Odon Campus
242:Vietnam War
2289:Categories
2275:2013-12-28
2254:2021-02-24
2229:2013-12-28
2203:2013-12-28
2178:2013-12-28
2152:2013-12-28
2126:2021-02-24
2101:2021-02-24
2076:2021-02-24
2051:2021-02-24
2027:2013-12-28
2001:2013-12-28
1972:2013-12-28
1822:2013-12-24
1796:2013-12-23
1771:2013-12-24
1745:2013-12-24
1718:2013-12-23
1631:Space News
1612:Space News
1572:2013-12-25
1550:2013-12-25
1523:2013-12-23
1498:2013-12-24
1476:2013-12-24
1454:2013-12-23
1419:2013-12-28
1381:2013-12-23
1357:2021-02-24
1328:2021-02-24
1304:2021-02-24
1279:2021-02-24
1254:2021-02-18
1225:2021-02-24
1175:2013-12-28
1142:2021-02-24
1100:2013-12-28
1016:2013-12-28
981:. Craft Co
938:2013-12-28
914:References
908:David Hoag
811:Hal Laning
709:Q-guidance
703:Hal Laning
327:Hal Laning
280:green wall
152:non-profit
106:Key people
63:Biomedical
1681:SpaceNews
1169:"History"
898:Bell Labs
803:Don Eyles
676:diabetics
589:Artemis-7
483:USS
337:Locations
331:Don Eyles
265:skybridge
1940:. AIAA.
1839:Archived
1323:Kubikoff
1219:MIT News
887:See also
723:Digital
605:APEX 1.0
51:Industry
1892:Bibcode
1347:Haworth
1158:(photo)
959:6 March
859:on the
776:at the
551:Houston
464:or the
440:sector.
204:History
187:silicon
173:at the
136:Website
118:Revenue
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