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614:. This involves feeding weather observations collected over decades into a NWP system to recreate past atmospheric, sea- and land-surface conditions over specific time periods to obtain a clearer picture of how the climate has changed. Reanalysis provides a four-dimensional picture of the atmosphere and effectively allows monitoring of the variability and change of global climate, thereby contributing also to the understanding and attribution of climate change.
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655:. The deterministic forecast is a single model run that is relatively high in resolution as well as in computational expense. The ensemble is relatively low (about half that of the deterministic) in resolution (and in computational expense), so less accurate. But it is run 51 times in parallel, from slightly different initial conditions to give a spread of likelihood over the range of the forecast.
595:
ECMWF, through its partnerships with EUMETSAT, ESA, the EU and others, exploits satellite data for operational numerical weather prediction and operational seasonal forecasting with coupled atmosphere–ocean–land models. The increasing amount of satellite data and the development of more sophisticated
586:
ECMWF's
Extreme Forecast Index (EFI) was developed as a tool to identify where the EPS (Ensemble Prediction System) forecast distribution differs substantially from that of the model climate. It contains information regarding variability of weather parameters, in location and time and can highlight
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361:
ECMWF was established in 1975, in recognition of the need to pool the scientific and technical resources of Europe's meteorological services and institutions for the production of weather forecasts for medium-range timescales (up to approximately two weeks) and of the economic and social benefits
401:
ECMWF aims to provide accurate medium-range global weather forecasts out to 15 days and seasonal forecasts out to 12 months. Its products are provided to the national weather services of its member states and co-operating states as a complement to their national short-range and climatological
563:
Forecasts of severe weather events allow appropriate mitigating action to be taken and contingency plans to be put into place by the authorities and the public. The increased time gained by issuing accurate warnings can save lives, for instance by evacuating people from a
555:, cold spells and droughts, as well as their impacts on sectors such as agriculture, energy and health. Since ECMWF runs a wave model, there are also predictions of coastal waves and storm surges in European waters which can be used to provide warnings.
625:
project generated reanalyses from
September 1957 to August 2002. The ERA-Interim reanalysis covered the period from 1979 onwards. A reanalysis product (ERA5) with higher spatial resolution (31 km) was released by ECMWF in 2019 as part of the
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ways of extracting information from that data have made a major contribution to improving the accuracy and utility of NWP forecasts. ECMWF continuously endeavours to improve the use of satellite observations for NWP.
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384:
During 2020, the Centre arranged to move its
Copernicus operations away from Reading and into European Union territory. Following bids from Toulouse, Italy, Austria, Germany, Spain and Ireland, eventually
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1926:
Established in 1975, ECMWF is renowned worldwide for providing the most accurate medium-range global weather forecasts up to 10 days ahead, monthly forecasts and seasonal outlooks to six months ahead.
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Over the past three decades ECMWF's wide-ranging programme of research has played a major role in developing such assimilation and modelling systems. This improves the accuracy and reliability of
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To date, and with support from Europe's
National Meteorological Services and the European Commission, ECMWF has conducted several major reanalyses of the global atmosphere: the first
2108:
Dee, D. P.; Uppala, S. M.; Simmons, A. J.; Berrisford, P.; Poli, P.; et al. (2011). "The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system".
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activities, and those national states use ECMWF's products for their own national duties, in particular to give early warning of potentially damaging severe weather.
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334:, Germany. It operates one of the largest supercomputer complexes in Europe and the world's largest archive of numerical weather prediction data.
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2005:
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648:" (sometimes informally known in the United States as the "European model") which is run every twelve hours and forecasts out to ten days.
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systems for the dynamics, thermodynamics and composition of the Earth's atmosphere and for interacting parts of the Earth-system. It uses
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by about a day per decade, so that a seven-day forecast now (2015) is as accurate as a three-day forecast was four decades ago (1975).
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methods to prepare forecasts and their initial conditions, and it contributes to monitoring the relevant parts of the Earth system.
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expected from it. The Centre employs about 350 staff, mostly appointed from across the member states and co-operating states.
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1745:"Tecnopolo di Bologna. Il Governo autorizza la spesa di 40 milioni nel prossimo triennio, di cui 10 milioni nel 2020"
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area. Authorities and businesses can plan to maintain services around threats such as high winds, floods or snow.
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As of 2021, the ECMWF's weather model is generally considered to be the most accurate weather forecasting model.
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373:
In 2017, the centre's member states accepted an offer from the
Italian Government to move ECMWF's data centre to
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The centre currently serves as the
Entrusted Entity responsible for delivery of two of the Services of the EU's
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an abnormality of a weather situation without having to define specific space- and time-dependent thresholds.
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Hersbach, H.; Bell, B.; Berrisford, P.; Hirahara, S.; Horányi, A.; Muñoz-Sabater, J.; et al. (2020).
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2910:
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2555:
2408:"Sun from Behind the Clouds: the Appeals Board of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts"
580:
2030:
1811:"España postulará a Barcelona como sede del Centro Europeo de Predicciones Meteorológicas a Plazo Medio"
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377:, Italy. The new site, a former tobacco factory, would be redesigned by the architecture firm
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17:
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Memorandum of
Understanding for Joint Liaison Office with European institutions in Brussels
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8:
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is used to produce an initial state of a computer model of the atmosphere, from which an
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Produce numerical weather forecasts and monitor planetary systems that influence weather
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2079:"Moderate-strength Nor'easter may hit Sandy-devastated areas Wednesday | Category 6™"
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447:
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ECMWF's monthly and seasonal forecasts provide early predictions of events such as
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798:
572:
514:
510:
477:
The Centre arranged to move its
Copernicus operations away from Reading and into
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252:
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1634:
1283:
1235:
774:
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621:(ERA-15) project generated reanalyses from December 1978 to February 1994; the
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3407:
3236:
2429:
2224:"Will a New GFS Weather Model Upgrade Close the Gap with The European Model?"
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227:
214:
1939:
1891:"European Center for Weather Forecasting: France selects Toulouse candidate"
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1916:. Berlin, Germany: Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure
1689:
27:
European intergovernmental weather computation organisation based in the UK
610:
ECMWF supports research on climate variability using an approach known as
2407:
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monthly forecasts, predicting the weather on a weekly basis 30 days ahead
501:(NWP) requires input of meteorological data, collected by satellites and
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supported by most of the nations of Europe. It is based at three sites:
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802:
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1767:"Regierung will Klimawandel-Überwachungsdienst nach Österreich holen"
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571:
In
October 2012 the ECMWF model suggested seven days in advance that
552:
412:
Carry out scientific and technical research to improve forecast skill
315:
2187:"New ERA5 dataset provides weather and climate details back to 1979"
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medium-range forecasts, predicting the weather up to 15 days ahead
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1747:. CONFERENZA DELLE REGIONI E DELLE PROVINCE AUTONOME. 20 May 2020
1731:"France Applies to Host Top Weather Forecaster Now Based in U.K."
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Information technology organisations based in the United
Kingdom
1833:"Govt to bid for relocation of EU forecaster from UK to Ireland"
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is used to forecast the weather. These forecasts are typically:
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389:(Germany) was chosen. The move has been directly attributed to
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Major physics research facilities based in the United Kingdom
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1914:"ECMWF - European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts"
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Atmospheric, oceanographic, cryospheric, and climate models
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It includes both a "deterministic forecast" mode and an
150:
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Medium-Range Weather Prediction – the European Approach
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It also has co-operation agreements with other states:
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Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
2110:
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
1954:
644:
ECMWF's operational forecasts are produced from its "
513:, aircraft (including commercial flights), ships and
1712:"Press kit: Bologna to host ECMWF's new data centre"
1624:
583:, which impacted the east coast a week after Sandy.
481:(Germany). The move has been directly attributed to
69:"European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts"
579:. It also predicted the intensity and track of the
419:To deliver this core mission, the Centre provides:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2993:European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
1976:
1911:
1789:"SO WILL BONN EUROPÄISCHES WETTER-ZENTRUM WERDEN!"
304:European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
135:European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
2988:Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology
2348:
661:
546:
369:Aerial view of the data centre in Bologna, Italy.
3770:
2051:
1862:""European weather authority relocates to Bonn""
1864:. City of Bonn. 9 December 2020. Archived from
3804:Governmental meteorological agencies in Europe
2252:
2052:Roulstone, Ian; Norbury, John (25 July 2013).
423:Twice-daily global numerical weather forecasts
3186:
3032:
2520:
2328:"ECMWF welcomes Estonia as 23rd Member State"
2215:
633:
2334:
2260:"Slovenia becomes ECMWF's 20th Member State"
2221:
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2413:Journal of International Dispute Settlement
1725:
1723:
1721:
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3039:
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2527:
2513:
2453:
2291:"Serbia becomes ECMWF's 21st Member State"
2054:"How Math helped forecast Hurricane Sandy"
1962:"Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service"
1835:. Radió Telefis Éireann. 23 September 2020
1598:23 January 2015 - amended 30 January 2018
415:Maintain an archive of meteorological data
291:
257:
240:
197:
182:
163:
149:
3819:Organisations based in Reading, Berkshire
3779:1975 establishments in the United Kingdom
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2137:
1679:
535:seasonal forecasts up to 12 months ahead.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3122:Atmospheric, astronomy and space science
2307:
2288:
2006:"COVID-19: Aeolus and weather forecasts"
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
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468:Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service
442:The Centre develops and operates global
364:
341:
3824:Research institutes established in 1975
3799:Government agencies established in 1975
666:ECMWF comprises 23 European countries:
14:
3771:
2405:
670:the eighteen founding states of 1975:
559:Early warning of severe weather events
3298:
3210:
3174:
3160:Medium Energy Ion Scattering Facility
3020:
2508:
2386:
2031:"The Forecast For Weather Technology"
1937:
1885:
1883:
1847:
3486:Regional and mesoscale oceanographic
3065:Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST)
745:five states that joined since 2010:
488:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
3299:
2289:Jeppesen, Joanne (5 January 2015).
1984:"Copernicus Climate Change Service"
575:was likely to make landfall on the
24:
3428:Regional and mesoscale atmospheric
2380:
1880:
429:Atmospheric composition monitoring
25:
3850:
3006:World Meteorological Organization
2998:European Severe Storms Laboratory
2440:
628:Copernicus Climate Change Service
590:
472:Copernicus Climate Change Service
3829:Research institutes in Berkshire
2308:Jeppesen, Joanne (1 July 2016).
1641:
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886:
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832:
140:
34:
3252:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
3247:Tropical cyclone forecast model
3211:
2370:"ECMWF Co-operating Agreements"
2320:
2301:
2282:
2238:
2193:
2179:
2146:
2101:
2071:
2045:
2023:
1998:
1931:
1905:
577:East Coast of the United States
45:needs additional citations for
3129:UK Astronomy Technology Centre
2222:Paul Douglas (18 April 2021).
1825:
1803:
1781:
1759:
1737:
1704:
662:Member and co-operating states
547:Monthly and seasonal forecasts
493:
312:intergovernmental organisation
13:
1:
3789:Climate of the United Kingdom
1672:
599:
457:
396:
3814:Meteorological organizations
3652:Land surface parametrization
3242:Numerical weather prediction
3113:ISIS Neutron and Muon Source
2537:meteorological organizations
2155:"The ERA5 global reanalysis"
499:Numerical weather prediction
452:numerical weather prediction
405:ECMWF's core mission is to:
356: co-operation agreement
7:
2356:"ECMWF Co-operating States"
1813:. europa press. 29 May 2020
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1005:
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951:
933:
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897:
879:
861:
843:
466:. The two services are the
10:
3855:
3794:European research networks
3060:Joint European Torus (JET)
2201:"Modelling and Prediction"
1938:ECMWF (30 December 2013),
646:Integrated Forecast System
640:Integrated Forecast System
637:
634:Operational forecast model
603:
435:Ocean circulation analysis
337:
3738:
3693:
3677:
3651:
3620:
3534:
3485:
3427:
3365:
3309:
3305:
3294:
3277:Meteorological reanalysis
3217:
3206:
3152:
3121:
3105:
3089:
3074:Synchrotron light sources
3073:
3052:
2980:
2944:
2788:
2645:
2574:
2543:
2203:. ECMWF. 29 November 2013
1986:. ECMWF. 11 November 2014
1964:. ECMWF. 11 November 2014
1769:. Die Presse. 20 May 2020
1692:. ECMWF. 28 November 2013
519:Assimilation of this data
276:
266:
248:
206:
191:
173:
157:
148:
139:
3262:Upper-atmospheric models
3257:Chemical transport model
3139:Jodrell Bank Observatory
3106:Neutron and muon sources
2033:. Sky News. 17 July 2015
1912:Deutscher Wetterdienst.
1893:. en24 news. 30 May 2020
1477:Co-operating agreements
581:November 2012 nor'easter
350: members as of 2015
3272:Model output statistics
2460:ECMWF Re-analysis (ERA)
2417:Oxford University Press
2406:Butler, Graham (2024).
2266:. ECMWF. Archived from
1733:Bloomberg. 30 May 2020.
438:Hydrological prediction
3535:Atmospheric dispersion
3134:Chilbolton Observatory
3097:Central Laser Facility
2430:10.1093/jnlids/idae013
2387:Woods, Austin (2006).
370:
358:
2342:"ECMWF Member States"
1791:. TAG24. 16 June 2020
368:
345:
3834:Borough of Wokingham
3753:Scientific modelling
3267:Ensemble forecasting
3081:Diamond Light Source
2775:United Arab Emirates
2248:. 22 September 2015.
2083:www.wunderground.com
1667:Copernicus Programme
464:Copernicus Programme
426:Air quality analysis
310:) is an independent
228:51.41961°N 0.95081°W
195:United Kingdom
54:improve this article
3839:Weather forecasting
3758:Computer simulation
3227:Oceanographic model
2270:on 3 September 2013
2122:2011QJRMS.137..553D
2058:Scientific American
1868:on 16 December 2020
1249:Co-operating State
700:Republic of Ireland
541:weather forecasting
224: /
169:(49 years ago)
136:
3743:Mathematical model
3678:Cryospheric models
3621:Chemical transport
2487:on 11 August 2004.
2475:on 11 August 2004.
2330:. 1 December 2020.
2189:. 17 January 2019.
2165:(730): 1999–2049.
444:atmospheric models
432:Climate monitoring
371:
359:
233:51.41961; -0.95081
134:
3784:Climate of Europe
3766:
3765:
3748:Statistical model
3734:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3290:
3289:
3232:Cryospheric model
3222:Atmospheric model
3168:
3167:
3014:
3013:
2398:978-0-387-26928-3
2139:20.500.11824/1106
1618:
1617:
1526:19 February 1999
1472:
1471:
1450:22 December 2003
1378:20 November 2006
1244:
1243:
753:(December 2012),
619:ECMWF re-analysis
606:ECMWF re-analysis
523:atmospheric model
503:earth observation
489:Work and projects
448:data assimilation
300:
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130:
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16:(Redirected from
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2483:. Archived from
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2471:. Archived from
2457:
2452:
2451:
2449:Official website
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2116:(656): 553–597.
2105:
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2098:
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2089:on 25 March 2017
2085:. Archived from
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1490:1 November 1975
1480:Year of joining
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515:weather balloons
511:weather stations
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2441:External links
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2424:(3): 365–376.
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2372:. ECMWF. 2017.
2361:
2358:. ECMWF. 2017.
2347:
2344:. ECMWF. 2017.
2333:
2319:
2300:
2281:
2251:
2237:
2226:. AerisWeather
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2130:10.1002/qj.828
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1635:Weather portal
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1574:23 April 2010
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1360:30 April 2008
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749:(April 2011),
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638:Main article:
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591:Satellite data
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3237:Climate model
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3153:Miscellaneous
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1270:12 July 2010
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71: –
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65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
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43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3694:Discontinued
3567:DISPERSION21
3143:
2992:
2770:Turkmenistan
2745:Saudi Arabia
2710:Korea (DPRK)
2566:South Africa
2485:the original
2473:the original
2436:
2421:
2411:
2391:. Springer.
2388:
2364:
2350:
2336:
2322:
2313:
2303:
2294:
2284:
2272:. Retrieved
2268:the original
2263:
2254:
2246:"MeteoWorld"
2240:
2230:14 September
2228:. Retrieved
2217:
2205:. Retrieved
2195:
2181:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2091:. Retrieved
2087:the original
2082:
2073:
2061:. Retrieved
2057:
2047:
2035:. Retrieved
2025:
2013:. Retrieved
2009:
2000:
1988:. Retrieved
1978:
1966:. Retrieved
1956:
1945:, retrieved
1940:
1933:
1925:
1918:. Retrieved
1907:
1895:. Retrieved
1870:. Retrieved
1866:the original
1839:24 September
1837:. Retrieved
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1805:
1793:. Retrieved
1783:
1771:. Retrieved
1761:
1749:. Retrieved
1739:
1706:
1694:. Retrieved
1690:"Who we are"
1611:INPE Brazil
1566:31 May 2005
1510:11 May 1995
1500:18 May 1988
1324:1 July 1994
1197:
768:
665:
657:
650:
643:
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461:
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404:
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372:
360:
307:
303:
301:
174:Headquarters
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3373:IFS (ECMWF)
3212:Model types
2962:New Zealand
2921:Switzerland
2876:Netherlands
2735:Philippines
2715:Korea (ROK)
2653:Afghanistan
2010:www.esa.int
1536:6 May 2003
1200:Switzerland
1074:Netherlands
732:Switzerland
712:Netherlands
566:storm surge
509:and crewed
494:Forecasting
231: /
207:Coordinates
158:Established
110:August 2010
3773:Categories
3597:PUFF-PLUME
3557:AUSTAL2000
3416:GME / ICON
3383:GEM / GDPS
3332:GFDL CM2.X
2984:Regional:
2871:Montenegro
2658:Bangladesh
2612:Costa Rica
2561:Mozambique
2274:8 December
1990:23 October
1968:23 October
1941:What we do
1872:9 December
1673:References
1392:Montenegro
1056:Luxembourg
803:Montenegro
708:Luxembourg
612:reanalysis
600:Reanalysis
553:heat waves
458:Copernicus
397:Objectives
216:51°25′11″N
161:1975
80:newspapers
3638:GEOS-Chem
2952:Australia
2866:Lithuania
2750:Singapore
2730:Palestine
2690:Indonesia
2673:Hong Kong
2622:Guatemala
2582:Argentina
2535:National
2264:ecmwf.int
2207:2 January
2037:1 January
1696:1 January
1519:- Use of
1374:Lithuania
795:Lithuania
507:automatic
267:Directors
219:0°57′03″W
3607:SAFE AIR
3440:RR / RAP
3004:Global:
2906:Slovenia
2886:Portugal
2760:Thailand
2725:Pakistan
2720:Malaysia
2607:Colombia
2575:Americas
2481:"ERA-40"
2469:"ERA-15"
2063:9 August
1920:29 April
1662:EUMETSAT
1657:EUMETNET
1621:See also
1603:US NCAR
1523:/Arpege
1496:EUMETSAT
1464:Slovakia
1266:Bulgaria
1146:Slovenia
1110:Portugal
815:Slovakia
771:Bulgaria
751:Slovenia
720:Portugal
653:ensemble
3643:CHIMERE
3602:RIMPUFF
3582:MERCURE
3562:CALPUFF
3412:JMA-GSM
3327:HadGEM1
3310:Climate
2945:Oceania
2936:Ukraine
2891:Romania
2851:Ireland
2846:Iceland
2836:Germany
2826:Finland
2821:Estonia
2816:Denmark
2806:Croatia
2801:Belgium
2796:Austria
2780:Vietnam
2637:Uruguay
2617:Ecuador
2587:Bermuda
2551:Algeria
2118:Bibcode
2015:30 July
1947:11 June
1817:18 June
1795:18 June
1773:18 June
1751:18 June
1595:US NWS
1515:ALADIN/
1446:Romania
1410:Morocco
1320:Hungary
1302:Georgia
1020:Ireland
1002:Iceland
966:Germany
930:Finland
912:Estonia
894:Denmark
876:Croatia
858:Belgium
840:Austria
811:Romania
807:Morocco
783:Hungary
779:Georgia
763:Estonia
759:Croatia
747:Iceland
692:Germany
684:Finland
680:Denmark
676:Belgium
672:Austria
474:(C3S).
375:Bologna
338:History
328:Bologna
320:Reading
277:Website
192:Country
178:Reading
94:scholar
3717:NOGAPS
3633:MOZART
3552:ATSTEP
3547:AERMOD
3526:ADCIRC
3516:MITgcm
3458:HIRLAM
3420:ARPEGE
3403:NAVGEM
3322:HadCM3
3090:Lasers
3053:Fusion
2972:Tuvalu
2926:Turkey
2916:Sweden
2901:Serbia
2896:Russia
2881:Norway
2861:Latvia
2841:Greece
2831:France
2789:Europe
2765:Turkey
2755:Taiwan
2740:Russia
2700:Israel
2663:Bhutan
2627:Mexico
2597:Canada
2592:Brazil
2544:Africa
2500:TOP500
2395:
2310:"News"
1897:1 June
1579:RIMES
1552:CLRTAP
1517:HIRLAM
1461:
1443:
1425:
1407:
1389:
1371:
1356:Latvia
1353:
1338:Israel
1335:
1317:
1299:
1281:
1263:
1233:
1218:Turkey
1215:
1182:Sweden
1179:
1161:
1143:
1128:Serbia
1125:
1107:
1092:Norway
1089:
1071:
1053:
1035:
1017:
999:
984:Greece
981:
963:
948:France
945:
927:
909:
891:
873:
855:
837:
791:Latvia
787:Israel
755:Serbia
736:Turkey
728:Sweden
716:Norway
696:Greece
688:France
623:ERA-40
483:Brexit
391:Brexit
354:
348:
289:
284:.ecmwf
255:
180:
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3664:CLASS
3659:JULES
3628:CLaMS
3612:SILAM
3521:FESOM
3511:FVCOM
3492:HyCOM
3478:HRDPS
3454:RAQMS
3398:NAEFS
3357:ECHAM
3352:CFSv2
3144:ECMWF
2967:Tonga
2911:Spain
2856:Italy
2705:Japan
2685:India
2678:Macau
2668:China
2602:Chile
2556:Ghana
2496:ECMWF
2314:ECMWF
2295:ECMWF
2093:1 May
1542:CTBTO
1506:ACMAD
1240:1975
1222:1976
1204:1975
1186:1975
1168:1975
1164:Spain
1150:2011
1132:2014
1114:1976
1096:1989
1078:1975
1060:2002
1042:1977
1038:Italy
1024:1975
1006:2011
988:1976
970:1975
952:1975
934:1975
916:2020
898:1975
880:2011
862:1975
844:1975
724:Spain
704:Italy
308:ECMWF
101:JSTOR
87:books
18:ECMWF
3685:CICE
3669:ISBA
3592:OSPM
3587:NAME
3577:MEMO
3572:ISC3
3542:ADMS
3496:ROMS
3474:RGEM
3469:HWRF
3462:LAPS
3445:RAMS
3393:MPAS
3347:CESM
3342:CCSM
3337:CGCM
3317:IGCM
2957:Fiji
2695:Iran
2646:Asia
2393:ISBN
2276:2012
2232:2021
2209:2016
2095:2017
2065:2013
2039:2016
2017:2023
1992:2019
1970:2019
1949:2019
1922:2014
1899:2020
1874:2020
1841:2020
1819:2020
1797:2020
1775:2020
1753:2020
1698:2016
1587:CMA
813:and
479:Bonn
446:and
387:Bonn
332:Bonn
302:The
286:.int
73:news
3722:RUC
3712:NGM
3707:MM5
3703:LFM
3700:Eta
3506:MOM
3501:POM
3465:RPM
3450:WRF
3435:NAM
3388:GFS
3378:FIM
2498:on
2426:doi
2167:doi
2163:146
2134:hdl
2126:doi
2114:137
1562:ESA
1532:JRC
1521:IFS
1486:WMO
379:gmp
282:www
56:by
3775::
3408:UM
2422:15
2420:.
2415:,
2410:.
2312:.
2293:.
2262:.
2161:.
2157:.
2132:.
2124:.
2112:.
2081:.
2056:.
2008:.
1924:.
1882:^
1849:^
1720:^
1681:^
817:.
809:,
805:,
801:,
797:,
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738:,
734:,
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686:,
682:,
678:,
674:,
630:.
517:.
485:.
393:.
381:.
326:;
322:,
318:,
3194:e
3187:t
3180:v
3040:e
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2528:e
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2514:v
2432:.
2428::
2401:.
2316:.
2297:.
2278:.
2234:.
2211:.
2175:.
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2136::
2128::
2120::
2097:.
2067:.
2041:.
2019:.
1994:.
1972:.
1901:.
1876:.
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1821:.
1799:.
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1700:.
742:.
306:(
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108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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