4845:
vasallos de mi Corona, y que por el trascurso del tiempo se detiene la práctica y uso de ellas, y siento tan conveniente su puntual cumplimiento al bien público y utilidad de los Indios y al servicio de Dios y mío, y que en esta consecuencia por lo que toca a los indios mestizos está encargo a los
Arzobispos y Obispos de las Indias, por la Ley Siete, Título Siete, del Libro Primero, de la Recopilación, los ordenen de sacerdotes, concurriendo las calidades y circunstancias que en ella se disponen y que si algunas mestizas quisieren ser religiosas dispongan el que se las admita en los monasterios y a las profesiones, y aunque en lo especial de que quedan ascender los indios a puestos eclesiásticos o seculares, gubernativos, políticos y de guerra, que todos piden limpieza de sangre y por estatuto la calidad de nobles, hay distinción entre los Indios y mestizos, o como descendentes de los indios principales que se llaman caciques, o como procedidos de indios menos principales que son los tributarios, y que en su gentilidad reconocieron vasallaje, se considera que a los primeros y sus descendentes se les deben todas las preeminencias y honores, así en lo eclesiástico como en lo secular que se acostumbran conferir a los nobles Hijosdalgo de Castilla y pueden participar de cualesquier comunidades que por estatuto pidan nobleza, pues es constante que estos en su gentilismo eran nobles a quienes sus inferiores reconocían vasallaje y tributaban, cuya especie de nobleza todavía se les conserva y considera, guardándoles en lo posible, o privilegios, como así se reconoce y declara por todo el Título de los caciques, que es el Siete, del Libro Seis, de la Recopilación, donde por distinción de los indios inferiores se les dejó el señorío con nombre de cacicazgo, transmisible de mayor en mayor, a sus posterioridades...
1719:
4762:"It is not right that the Indian chiefs of Filipinas be in a worse condition after conversion; rather they should have such treatment that would gain their affection and keep them loyal, so that with the spiritual blessings that God has communicated to them by calling them to His true knowledge, the temporal blessings may be added and they may live contentedly and comfortably. Therefore, we order the governors of those islands to show them good treatment and entrust them, in our name, with the government of the Indians, of whom they were formerly lords. In all else the governors shall see that the chiefs are benefited justly, and the Indians shall pay them something as a recognition, as they did during the period of their paganism, provided it be without prejudice to the tributes that are to be paid us, or prejudicial to that which pertains to their encomenderos." Felipe II,
1977:
2875:
1695:
2097:
604:
2089:
1353:
2353:
2459:
4942:
se recogen los nombramientos de centenares de aborígenes de aquel
Archipiélago, a los cuales, en virtud de su posición social, ocuparon cargos en la administración de aquellos territorios y cuya presencia demuestra la inquietud cultural de nuestra Patria en aquéllas Islas para la preparación de sus naturales y la colaboración de estos en las tareas de su Gobierno. Esta faceta en Filipinas aparece mucho más actuada que en el continente americano y de ahí que en Filipinas la Nobleza de cargo adquiera mayor importancia que en las Indias.
483:, have expressly abolished the conferral and use of titles of nobility for their citizens. This is distinct from countries that have not abolished the right to inherit titles, but which do not grant legal recognition or protection to them, such as Germany and Italy, although Germany recognizes their use as part of the legal surname. Still, other countries and authorities allow their use, but forbid attachment of any privilege thereto, e.g., Finland, Norway, and the European Union, while French law also protects lawful titles against
2798:
1478:
4917:
manera estructuradas y se apreciaba en ellas una organización jerárquica embrionaria y local, pero era digna de ser atendida. Precisamente en esa organización local es, como siempre, de donde nace la nobleza. El indio aborigen, jefe de tribu, es reconocido como noble y las pruebas irrefutables de su nobleza se encuentran principalmente en las Hojas de
Servicios de los militares de origen filipino que abrazaron la carrera de las Armas, cuando para hacerlo necesariamente era preciso demostrar el origen nobiliario del individuo.
151:
4686:
2570:
831:
1968:
extinguished even in Joseon, which began to actively introduce Han
Chinese rule. So, in the early days, there were quite a few hereditary powerful noblemen like the Jeju Ko. However, as Confucian reforms continued, it became difficult for yangbans to obtain political positions if they did not pass the exam. Each of them was usually still superior to ordinary people, but was not recognized unless it passed the test. So now, to become a yangban, it was essential for the members to pass the exam.
694:
2185:
705:
1111:
4858:
4690:
972:
6666:
2733:
5072:
1628:
54:
315:
2410:. The presence of these notables demonstrates the cultural concern of Spain in those Islands to prepare the natives and the collaboration of these in the government of the Archipelago. This aspect of Spanish rule in the Philippines appears much more strongly implemented than in the Americas. Hence in the Philippines, the local nobility, by reason of charge accorded to their social class, acquired greater importance than in the
4497:
3473:
1593:
6799:
2194:
1679:
496:
2176:
2167:
2474:
1644:
4847:
5052:
944:. Historically, once nobility was granted, if a nobleman served the monarch well he might obtain the title of baron, and might later be elevated to the rank of count. As in other countries of post-medieval central Europe, hereditary titles were not attached to a particular land or estate but to the noble family itself, so that all patrilineal descendants shared a title of baron or count (cf.
4589:
1870:, for example, even though noble titles were no longer given to those other than the emperor's relatives, the fact that the process of selecting officials was mostly based on a vouching system by current officials as officials usually vouched for their own sons or those of other officials meant that a de facto aristocracy continued to exist. This process was further deepened during the
4875:
Servicio de aquellos filipinos que ingresaron en nuestras
Academias Militares y cuyos ascendientes eran caciques, encomenderos, tagalos notables, pedáneos, por los gobernadores o que ocupan cargos en la Administración municipal o en la del Gobierno, de todas las diferentes regiones de las grandes islas del Archipiélago o en las múltiples islas pequeñas de que se compone el mismo.
5009:. "Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the close of the nineteenth century, pp. 296–297.
5038:. "Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the close of the nineteenth century, pp. 329.
940:
standard explains why the noble population was relatively large, although the economic status of its members varied widely. Untitled nobles were not infrequently wealthier than titled families, while considerable differences in wealth were also to be found within the titled nobility. The custom of granting titles was introduced to
Hungary in the 16th century by the
2539:
517:, large or small, that might include fields, pasture, orchards, timberland, hunting grounds, streams, etc. It also included infrastructure such as a castle, well and mill to which local peasants were allowed some access, although often at a price. Nobles were expected to live "nobly", that is, from the proceeds of these possessions. Work involving
272:, the nobility were descendants of this Republican aristocracy. While ancestry of contemporary noble families from ancient Roman nobility might technically be possible, no well-researched, historically documented generation-by-generation genealogical descents from ancient Roman times are known to exist in Europe.
2000:, as can members of several present or formerly reigning dynasties, are widely regarded as belonging to the ancient, hereditary Islamic nobility. In some Islamic countries they inherit (through mother or father) hereditary titles, although without any other associated privilege, e.g., variations of the title
1964:
nobles and took power for a short period of time. Goryeo also had many hereditary families, and they were more aristocratic than
Confucian bureaucrats, forcibly collecting taxes from the people being slaughtered by the Mongolian army, killing those who rebelled, and writing poetry ignoring their situation.
521:
or subordination to those of lower rank (with specific exceptions, such as in military or ecclesiastic service) was either forbidden (as derogation from noble status) or frowned upon socially. On the other hand, membership in the nobility was usually a prerequisite for holding offices of trust in the
428:
While noble status formerly conferred significant privileges in most jurisdictions, by the 21st century it had become a largely honorary dignity in most societies, although a few, residual privileges may still be preserved legally (e.g. Spain, UK) and some Asian, Pacific and
African cultures continue
4844:
Por cuanto teniendo presentes las leyes y cédulas que se mandaron despachar por los Señores Reyes mis progenitores y por mí, encargo el buen tratamiento, amparo, protección y defensa de los indios naturales de la América, y que sean atendidos, mantenidos, favorecidos y honrados como todos los demás
2859:
and the suspension of political rights, to accept noble titles and foreign decorations without the proper permission of the state. In particular, the nobles of greater distinction, by respect and tradition, were allowed to use their titles during the republican regime. The imperial family also could
2489:
The recognition of the rights and privileges accorded to the
Filipino principalía as hijosdalgos of Castile seems to facilitate entrance of Filipino nobles into institutions of under the Spanish Crown, either civil or religious, which required proofs of nobility. However, to see such recognition as
2372:
The Laws of the Indies and other pertinent royal decrees were enforced in the
Philippines and benefited many indigenous nobles. It can be seen very clearly and irrefutably that, during the colonial period, indigenous chiefs were equated with the Spanish hidalgos, and the most resounding proof of the
1955:
Unlike China, Silla's bone nobles were much more aristocratic and had the right to collect taxes and rule over people. They also thought of the king as Buddha and justified their rule through the idea that status was determined by birth. However, this strict sense of social status gradually weakened
1331:
into the Ethiopian nobility as part of their quest for aggrandizement during the 1800s. To do so they were generally obliged to abandon their faith and some are believed to have feigned conversion to Christianity for the sake of acceptance by the old Christian aristocratic families. One such family,
631:
could be bought, sold or mortgaged. If erected by the crown into, e.g., a barony or countship, it became legally entailed for a specific family, which could use it as their title. Yet most French nobles were untitled ("seigneur of Montagne" simply meant ownership of that lordship but not, if one was
4941:
También en la Real Academia de la Historia existe un importante fondo relativo a las Islas Filipinas, y aunque su mayor parte debe corresponder a la Historia de ellas, no es excluir que entre su documentación aparezcan muchos antecedentes genealógicos… El Archivo del Palacio y en su Real Estampilla
4484:
System of universal geography, founded on the works of Malte-Burn and Balbi; embracing a historical sketch of the progress of geographical discovery, the principles of mathematical and physical geography, and a complete description from the most recent sources, of the political and social condition
4338:
Ruling of the Court of the Lord Lyon (26/2/1948, Vol. IV, page 26): "With regard to the words 'untitled nobility' employed in certain recent birthbrieves in relation to the (Minor) Baronage of Scotland, Finds and Declares that the (Minor) Barons of Scotland are, and have been both in this nobiliary
2389:
or those who held positions in the municipal administration or government in all different regions of the large islands of the Archipelago, or of the many small islands of which it is composed. In the context of the ancient tradition and norms of Castilian nobility, all descendants of a noble are
2057:
forming a somewhat unusual and complex system in comparison with the other Islamic countries. The bestowal of noble and aristocratic titles was widespread across the empire even after its fall by independent monarchs. One of the most elaborate examples is that of the Egyptian aristocracy's largest
1963:
However, the still strict status order of Silla caused opposition from many people and collapsed when the country moved to Goryeo. In Goryeo, powerful families along with existing nobles became nobles, claiming a new lineage nobility. And in Goryeo, dissatisfied lower class people confronted the
1037:
It was the Spaniards who gave the world the notion that an aristocrat's blood is not red but blue. The Spanish nobility started taking shape around the ninth century in classic military fashion, occupying land as warriors on horseback. They were to continue the process for more than five hundred
939:
In Hungary members of the nobility always theoretically enjoyed the same rights. In practice, however, a noble family's financial assets largely defined its significance. Medieval Hungary's concept of nobility originated in the notion that nobles were "free men", eligible to own land. This basic
747:
in Portugal and Spain, and some noble titles in Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands, Prussia, and Scandinavia. In Russia, Scandinavia and non-Prussian Germany, titles usually descended to all male-line descendants of the original titleholder, including females. In Spain, noble titles are now equally
4916:
Por otra parte, mientras en las Indias la cultura precolombiana había alcanzado un alto nivel, en Filipinas la civilización isleña continuaba manifestándose en sus estados más primitivos. Sin embargo, esas sociedades primitivas, independientes totalmente las unas de las otras, estaban en cierta
2501:
did not strip the ancient sovereign rulers of the Archipelago (who vowed allegiance to the Spanish Crown) of their legitimate rights. Many of them accepted the Catholic religion and were his allies from the very beginning. He only demanded from these local rulers vassalage to the Spanish Crown,
2437:
or the Christianized Datus) and Filipino officials of justice received the greatest consideration from the Spanish Crown officials. The colonial officials were under obligation to show them the honor corresponding to their respective duties. They were allowed to sit in the houses of the Spanish
1101:
of Southern Africa, belong to peoples that have been resident in the continent for millennia. Generally their royal or noble status is recognized by and derived from the authority of traditional custom. A number of them also enjoy either a constitutional or a statutory recognition of their high
584:
in the allocation of societal resources. Nobility came to be associated with social rather than legal privilege, expressed in a general expectation of deference from those of lower rank. By the 21st century even that deference had become increasingly minimized. In general, the present nobility
4874:
Por ella se aprecia bien claramente y de manera fehaciente que a los caciques indígenas se les equiparada a los Hidalgos españoles y la prueba más rotunda de su aplicación se halla en el Archivo General Militar de Segovia, en donde las calificaciones de «Nobleza» se encuentran en las Hojas de
2601:
However, in many countries at this time, the nobility retained substantial political importance and social influence: for instance, the United Kingdom's government was dominated by the (unusually small) nobility until the middle of the 19th century. Thereafter the powers of the nobility were
1967:
As Goryeo weakened and nobles pursuing Joseon appeared, Goryeo's nobility could not stand against them and chose to be absorbed into yangban. However, since the Korean nobility had never experienced defeat by commoners like Han Gaozu Liu Bang, the aristocratic character was not completely
1038:
years, clawing back sections of the peninsula from its Moorish occupiers, and a nobleman demonstrated his pedigree by holding up his sword arm to display the filigree of blue-blooded veins beneath his pale skin—proof that his birth had not been contaminated by the dark-skinned enemy.
959:, often with impressive-looking documentation. This may be illegal, depending on local law. They are more often illegal in countries that actually have nobilities, such as European monarchies. In the United States, such commerce may constitute actionable fraud rather than criminal
868:
Scotland's Salic law) granted the arms and allocated the chiefships of medieval noble families to female-line descendants of lords, even when they were not of noble lineage in the male line, while persons of legitimate male-line descent may still survive (e.g. the modern
1843:
It was a custom in China for the new dynasty to ennoble and enfeoff a member of the dynasty which they overthrew with a title of nobility and a fief of land so that they could offer sacrifices to their ancestors, in addition to members of other preceding dynasties.
1452:
rarely married outside their caste: a high-ranking woman who married a lower-ranking man took on her husband's lower rank, but a high-ranking man marrying a woman of lower rank did not forfeit his status, although his children could not inherit his rank or property
2629:
where there were no more than 300,000 prior to 1789, which was 1% of the population (although some scholars believe this figure is an overestimate). In 1718 Sweden had between 10,000 and 15,000 nobles, which was 0.5% of the population. In Germany it was 0.01%.
1026:
appeared blue through their untanned skin) from a working class of the time. The latter consisted mainly of agricultural peasants who spent most of their time working outdoors and thus had tanned skin, through which superficial veins appear less prominently.
1332:
the Wara Seh (more commonly called the "Yejju dynasty") converted to Christianity and eventually wielded power for over a century, ruling with the sanction of the Solomonic emperors. The last such Muslim noble to join the ranks of Ethiopian society was
1548:
are some of the most famous examples. Although many of their traditional functions have become dormant due to the advent of modern governance, their members retain precedence of a traditional nature and are especially prominent during festivals.
5366:
543:
domain. In some countries, the local lord could impose restrictions on such a commoner's movements, religion or legal undertakings. Nobles exclusively enjoyed the privilege of hunting. In France, nobles were exempt from paying the
2625:(probably 10%), Spain (722,000 in 1768 which was 7–8% of the entire population) and other countries with lower percentages, such as Russia in 1760 with 500,000–600,000 nobles (2–3% of the entire population), and pre-revolutionary
1828:. Imperial descendants formed the highest class of ancient Chinese nobility, their status based upon the rank of the empress or concubine from which they descend maternally (as emperors were polygamous). Numerous titles such as
2490:
an approximation or comparative estimation of rank or status might not be correct since in reality, although the principales were vassals of the Crown, their rights as sovereign in their former dominions were guaranteed by the
1560:
in the service of their traditional sovereigns in a symbolic continuation of the way that their titled ancestors and predecessors did during the pre-colonial and colonial periods. Many of them are also members of the country's
1991:
In some Islamic countries, there are no definite noble titles (titles of hereditary rulers being distinct from those of hereditary intermediaries between monarchs and commoners). Persons who can trace legitimate descent from
204:
Membership in the nobility has historically been granted by a monarch or government, and acquisition of sufficient power, wealth, ownerships, or royal favour has occasionally enabled commoners to ascend into the nobility.
996:"Aristocrat" and "aristocracy", in modern usage, refer colloquially and broadly to persons who inherit elevated social status, whether due to membership in the (formerly) official nobility or the monied upper class.
2045:, often derived from the post held by their ancestors, considering the fact that family names in Iran only appeared in the beginning of the 20th century. Sultans have been an integral part of Islamic history. See:
2840:, the emperor conferred titles of nobility, which were personal and therefore non-hereditary, unlike the earlier Portuguese and Portuguese-Brazilian titles, being inherited exclusively to the royal titles of the
2405:
and its royal stamp recognized the appointments of hundreds of natives of the Philippines who, by virtue of their social position, occupied posts in the administration of the territories and were classified as
1505:. Though their functions are largely ceremonial, the titles of the country's royals and nobles are often centuries old and are usually vested in the membership of historically prominent families in the various
4276:
differentiates the system in use in Scotland from many other European traditions, in that armorial bearings which are entered in the Public Register of All Arms and Bearings in Scotland by warrant of the
1447:
held various privileges, including land ownership, preferment for senior government posts, free labor from members of lower classes, the right to have their tombs constructed within town limits, etc. The
2597:
gradually grew in power; a rich city merchant came to be more influential than a nobleman, and the latter sometimes sought inter-marriage with families of the former to maintain their noble lifestyles.
2425:, a mark of esteem and distinction in Europe reserved for a person of noble or royal status during the colonial period. Other honors and high regard were also accorded to the Christianized Datus by the
1512:
Membership of initiatory societies that have inalienable functions within the kingdoms is also a common feature of Nigerian nobility, particularly among the southern tribes, where such figures as the
460:
make one noble, nor are all nobles wealthy or influential (aristocratic families have lost their fortunes in various ways, and the concept of the 'poor nobleman' is almost as old as nobility itself).
2336:) to indigenous nobilities of the Crown colonies, including the principalía of the Philippines, and extended to them and to their descendants the preeminence and honors customarily attributed to the
189:
with many exclusive functions and characteristics. The characteristics associated with nobility may constitute substantial advantages over or relative to non-nobles or simply formal functions (e.g.,
3945:
286:, often distinguish nobles from non-nobles in conversation and written speech. In many nations, most of the nobility have been untitled, and some hereditary titles do not indicate nobility (e.g.,
1956:
due to the introduction of Confucianism and opposition from the lower class, and even in Silla, opportunities were given to people of low social status through Confucian tests such as '독서삼품과(讀書三品
1947:
The bestowal of titles was abolished upon the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, as part of a larger effort to remove feudal influences and practises from Chinese society.
1840:
were introduced for Imperial descendants. The titles of the junior princes were gradually lowered in rank by each generation while the senior heir continued to inherit their father's titles.
2494:, more particularly the Royal Decree of Philip II of 11 June 1594, which Charles II confirmed for the purpose stated above to satisfy the requirements of the existing laws in the Peninsula.
2438:
Provincial Governors, and in any other places. They were not left to remain standing. It was not permitted for Spanish Parish Priests to treat these Filipino nobles with less consideration.
2832:
With the independence of Brazil in 1822 as a constitutional monarchy, the titles of nobility initiated by the king of Portugal were continued and new titles of nobility were created by the
2637:
nobles made up 5% of the population. All the nobles in 18th-century Europe numbered perhaps 3–4 million out of a total of 170–190 million inhabitants. By contrast, in 1707, when
5022:. Volume 27 of 55 (1636–37). Historical introduction and additional notes by Edward Gaylord Bourbe; additional translations by Arthur B. Myrick. Cleveland, Ohio: Arthur H. Clark Company.
4993:. Volume 27 of 55 (1636–37). Historical introduction and additional notes by Edward Gaylord Bourne; additional translations by Arthur B. Myrick. Cleveland, Ohio: Arthur H. Clark Company.
2652:
Apart from the hierarchy of noble titles, in England rising through baron, viscount, earl, and marquess to duke, many countries had categories at the top or bottom of the nobility. The
4946:
Las Pruebas de Nobleza y Genealogia en Filipinas y Los Archivios en Donde se Pueden Encontrar Antecedentes de Ellas in Heraldica, Genealogia y Nobleza en los Editoriales de "Hidalguia"
4921:
Las Pruebas de Nobleza y Genealogia en Filipinas y Los Archivios en Donde se Pueden Encontrar Antecedentes de Ellas in Heraldica, Genealogia y Nobleza en los Editoriales de "Hidalguia"
4879:
Las Pruebas de Nobleza y Genealogia en Filipinas y Los Archivios en Donde se Pueden Encontrar Antecedentes de Ellas in Heraldica, Genealogia y Nobleza en los Editoriales de "Hidalguia"
2441:
The Gobernadorcillos exercised the command of the towns. They were Port Captains in coastal towns. They also had the rights and powers to elect assistants and several lieutenants and
2377:, where the qualifications of "nobility" (found in the service records) are attributed to those Filipinos who were admitted to the Spanish military academies and whose ancestors were
752:
in much of western Europe aside from Germany. In Eastern Europe, by contrast, with the exception of a few Hungarian estates, they usually descended to all sons or even all children.
307:
208:
There are often a variety of ranks within the noble class. Legal recognition of nobility has been much more common in monarchies, but nobility also existed in such regimes as the
4399:
The nobility of Valencia..are, by themselves, divided into three classes, blue blood, red blood, and yellow blood. Blue blood is confined to families who have been made grandees.
1760:, many members of the nobility were elevated to royalty as they became the monarchs of their princely states, but as many princely state rulers were reduced from royals to noble
513:. Usually privileges were granted or recognized by the monarch in association with possession of a specific title, office or estate. Most nobles' wealth derived from one or more
4460:
4387:
2983:
does not issue or recognize titles of nobility or any hereditary prerogatives and honors. Informally, however, a Mexican aristocracy remains a part of Mexican culture and its
4115:
4037:
2704:) who had long traditions of being led by monarchs and nobles, peerage traditions dating to the colonial and post-colonial imperial periods (in the case of such countries as
1130:
most of the titles of nobility have been tribal or military in nature. However the Ethiopian nobility resembled its European counterparts in some respects; until 1855, when
3197:
835:
819:
have disputed this so-called "Aristocratic Reaction". Various court and military positions were reserved by tradition for nobles who could "prove" an ancestry of at least
1572:
title, either of the traditional variety (which involves taking part in ritual re-enactments of your title's history during annual festivals, roughly akin to a British
1718:
4432:
One in particular, from Spain, of high rank and birth, of the sangre azul, the blue blood, who have the privilege of the silken cord if they should come to be hanged.
4090:
3885:
632:
not otherwise noble, the right to use a title of nobility, as commoners often purchased lordships). Only a member of the nobility who owned a countship was allowed,
2558:
or nobles were mounted warriors who swore allegiance to their sovereign and promised to fight for him in exchange for an allocation of land (usually together with
2802:
1152:(literally "King of Kings"). Despite its being a Christian monarchy, various Muslim states paid tribute to the emperors of Ethiopia for centuries: including the
463:
Although many societies have a privileged upper class with substantial wealth and power, the status is not necessarily hereditary and does not entail a distinct
2397:, there is a substantial number of records providing reference to the Philippine Islands, and while most parts correspond to the history of these islands, the
5742:
2304:
1386:
exercised both spiritual and political leadership. The word "Andriana" has been used to denote nobility in various ethnicities in Madagascar: including the
4509:
The Spanish community is divided into two great castes, those of pure Gothic or blue blood, and those of mixed Gothic and Moorish descent, or black blood.
550:, the major direct tax. Peasants were not only bound to the nobility by dues and services, but the exercise of their rights was often also subject to the
3910:
2822:
529:, European nobles typically commanded tribute in the form of entitlement to cash rents or usage taxes, labor or a portion of the annual crop yield from
1902:
Under a centralized system, the empire's governance was the responsibility of the Confucian-educated scholar-officials and the local gentry, while the
1889:
system marked the transformation of a power shift towards a full bureaucracy, though the process would not be truly completed until the Song dynasty.
1219:
858:. However, heraldry has never been restricted to the noble classes in most countries, and being armigerous does not necessarily demonstrate nobility.
5316:
1976:
1906:
were accorded gentry status. For male citizens, advancement in status was possible via garnering the top three positions in imperial examinations.
425:, sometimes associated with a right to bear a hereditary title and, for example in pre-revolutionary France, enjoying fiscal and other privileges.
2806:
1899:, titles of nobility were still granted by the emperor, but served merely as honorifics based on a loose system of favours to the Qing emperor.
4551:
5392:
2128:; for long periods, these held the real power without a real central government, and often plunged the country into a state of civil war. The
2523:
522:
realm and for career promotion, especially in the military, at court and often the higher functions in the government, judiciary and church.
1241:
932:
of Italy were explicitly acknowledged by the monarchs of those countries as members of the nobility, although untitled. In Scandinavia, the
6702:
1140:
its aristocracy was organized similarly to the feudal system in Europe during the Middle Ages. For more than seven centuries, Ethiopia (or
1006:
recorded since 1811 in the Annual Register and in 1834 for noble birth or descent; it is also known as a translation of the Spanish phrase
6470:
6345:
4180:
5183:
4148:
2712:), have left noble families in each of them that have ancestral ties to those nations' Indigenous and European families, especially the
554:
of courts and police from whose authority the actions of nobles were entirely or partially exempt. In some parts of Europe the right of
6355:
4787:
Scott, William Henry (1982). Cracks in the Parchment Curtain, and Other Essays in Philippine History. Quezon City: New Day Publishers.
4004:
2361:
2012:. Regarded as more religious than the general population, many people turn to them for clarification or guidance in religious matters.
1565:
due to their not being covered by the prohibition from involvement in politics that governs the activities of the traditional rulers.
6613:
4746:
4379:
2249:
1435:
has often formed part of the names of Malagasy kings, princes and nobles. Linguistic evidence suggests that the origin of the title
5511:
4420:
4107:
4060:
2112:
Medieval Japan developed a feudal system similar to the European system, where land was held in exchange for military service. The
4314:
The nobility of the British Gentry or the political ranks and dignities of the British Empire compared with those on the continent
4288:
6755:
6462:
6400:
4820:
3044:
2118:
class, or hereditary landowning nobles, held great socio-political power. As in Europe, they commanded private armies made up of
2054:
1123:
6742:
6442:
5773:
5419:
2566:, nobles gradually lost their role in raising and commanding private armies, as many nations created cohesive national armies.
2295:. These titles are the rough equivalents of European titles, albeit dependent on the actual wealth and prestige of the bearer.
625:(lordship) might include one or more manors surrounded by land and villages subject to a noble's prerogatives and disposition.
2315:
ordered that the indigenous rulers continue to receive the same honors and privileges accorded them prior their conversion to
6437:
5027:
4998:
4722:
4219:
3481:
5290:
5259:
5221:
6777:
6447:
4318:
3877:
3586:
3138:
721:. It is usually an acknowledged preeminence that is hereditary, i.e. the status descends exclusively to some or all of the
5137:
4712:
4087:
3196:
the federal and state governments from granting titles of nobility, in most cases citizens are not barred from accepting,
7127:
6480:
4444:
4239:
1506:
3160:
6628:
6608:
6587:
5279:
4792:
2917:
2618:
2411:
2316:
452:
in that the latter is mainly based on pedigree, income, possessions, or lifestyle. Being wealthy or influential cannot
118:
1892:
Titles of nobility became symbolic along with a stipend while governance of the country shifted to scholar officials.
6592:
6475:
6318:
5253:
5215:
5177:
5117:
5066:
4953:
4928:
4886:
4565:
4454:
4174:
4054:
3200:
or inheriting them. And, since at least 1953, the U.S. requires applicants for naturalization to renounce any titles.
2656:, relatively small landowners with perhaps one or two villages, were mostly noble in most countries, for example the
137:
90:
5054:
Las Pruebas de Nobleza y Genealogia en Filipinas y Los Archivios en Donde se Pueden Encontrar Antecedentes de Ellas
2530:
having had alliances with the Spanish Crown before the Kingdom took total control of most parts of the Archipelago.
2319:. The baptized nobility subsequently coalesced into the exclusive, landed ruling class of the lowlands known as the
862:, however, is an exception. In a number of recent cases in Scotland the Lord Lyon King of Arms has controversially (
7468:
7316:
6695:
6340:
4850:
Las Pruebas de Nobleza y Genealogia en Filipinas y Los Archivios en Donde se Pueden Encontrar Antecedentes de Ellas
3601:
2776:
2661:
729:, descendants of a nobleman. In this respect, the nobility as a class has always been much more extensive than the
193:), and vary by country and by era. Membership in the nobility, including rights and responsibilities, is typically
159:
2610:. Since then, only 92 of them have this entitlement, of whom 90 are elected by the hereditary peers as a whole to
2976:
2949:
1925:
361:
originated as an informal designation for the political governing class who had allied interests, including both
1003:
97:
6330:
4970:, jefe de un barangay, ejercía funciones judiciales y administrativas. A los tres años tenía el tratamiento de
4344:
4339:
Court and in the Court of Session recognised as a 'titled nobility' and that the estait of the Baronage (i.e.,
2837:
2585:
This was coupled with a loss of the socio-economic power of the nobility, owing to the economic changes of the
2132:
class can be compared to European peers, and the samurai to European knights, but important differences exist.
75:
4036:(2003). Hall, Lesley; Lilley, Keith D.; MacMaster, Neil; Spellman, W. M.; Waite, Gary K.; Webb, Diana (eds.).
1195:
borne by those at the apex of medieval Ethiopian society. The highest royal title (after that of emperor) was
429:
to attach considerable significance to formal hereditary rank or titles. (Compare the entrenched position and
7372:
7339:
7291:
7186:
6623:
6395:
6390:
5874:
3814:
3657:
3401:
1022:. The idiom originates from ancient and medieval societies of Europe and distinguishes an upper class (whose
738:
5382:
902:. Most nations traditionally had an untitled lower nobility in addition to titled nobles. An example is the
6749:
6618:
6452:
6417:
6368:
6092:
5094:
Historia de los PP. Dominicos en las Islas Filipinas y en las Misiones del Japon, China, Tung-kin y Formosa
4297:
3925:
3003:
2855:, in 1889, the Brazilian nobility was discontinued. It was also prohibited, under penalty of accusation of
2242:
have indigenous nobility, partially influenced by Hindu, Chinese, and Islamic custom. Since ancient times,
1115:
350:
5308:
2913:
The term is used in reference to various groups throughout the entirety of Mexican history, from formerly
104:
6820:
6765:
6688:
6572:
6562:
6429:
5637:
5129:
Marcassa, Stefania, Jérôme Pouyet, and Thomas Trégouët. "Marriage strategy among the European nobility."
5048:
3155:
3088:
3010:
2680:
In addition to the nobility of a variety of native populations in what is now Latin America (such as the
1502:
1047:
Africa has a plethora of ancient lineages in its various constituent nations. Some, such as the numerous
4284:
are legally "Ensigns of Nobility", and although the historical accuracy of that interpretation has been
2874:
224:(1300–1798), and remains part of the legal social structure of some small non-hereditary regimes, e.g.,
7169:
6552:
5891:
5412:
5058:
Heraldica, Genealogia y Nobleza en los Editoriales de "Hidalguia", 1953–1993: 40 años de un pensamiento
3764:
924:
655:
In other parts of Europe, sovereign rulers arrogated to themselves the exclusive prerogative to act as
2589:
and the growing economic importance of the merchant classes, which increased still further during the
2498:
1824:
In East Asia, the system was often modeled on imperial China, the leading culture. Emperors conferred
1340:
of Wollo, and later King of Zion, and even married into the Imperial family. He lived to see his son,
6975:
6889:
6577:
6517:
4019:
3220:
2841:
2503:
1910:
1694:
816:
748:
heritable by females and males alike. Noble estates, on the other hand, gradually came to descend by
480:
468:
279:
86:
71:
5154:
What Makes the Nobility Noble?: Comparative Perspectives from the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Century
1175:("governor") who were appointed nobles, often of humble birth, who formed the bulk of the nobility (
7254:
7161:
6522:
6512:
5869:
5681:
3809:
3723:
3396:
2852:
2401:
did not exclude among its documents the presence of many genealogical records. The archives of the
2096:
603:
362:
253:
2209:
illustrating ancient Filipino nobility wearing the distinctive colours of their social status: a
2041:("Son of a Shah), are now no longer recognised. An aristocratic family is now recognised by their
1764:. Hence, many nobles in the subcontinent had royal titles of Raja, Rai, Rana, Rao, etc. In Nepal,
936:
nations and Spain there are still untitled as well as titled families recognised in law as noble.
471:. Various republics, including European countries such as Greece, Turkey, and Austria, and former
7483:
7024:
7018:
7011:
6669:
6567:
6502:
5337:
4083:
2780:
1683:
1093:, claim descent from notables from outside of the continent. Most, such as those composed of the
956:
722:
64:
31:
17:
2664:, who were hugely rich and politically powerful. In other countries the small groups of Spanish
7268:
6527:
6156:
5898:
4488:
Edinburgh; London: Adam and Charles Black; Longman, Brown, Green, & Longmans. p. 537.
4211:
4205:
3143:
2972:
2883:
2771:
2740:
2221:
1357:
1324:
district of Tigray. The vast majority of titles borne by nobles were not, however, hereditary.
1171:("prince"), the hereditary nobility that formed the upper echelon of the ruling class; and the
978:
870:
823:(16 quarterings), indicating exclusively noble descent (as displayed, ideally, in the family's
398:
4164:
2783:
ever since that event and have been officially recognized by Bolivia's government since 2007.
1916:
The oldest held continuous noble title in Chinese history was that held by the descendants of
1866:
This development was gradual and generally only completed in full by the Song dynasty. In the
7090:
6582:
6557:
6547:
6537:
6532:
6385:
5453:
5405:
5167:
5105:
3292:
3022:
2996:
2961:
2879:
2590:
2550:
European nobility originated in the feudal/seignorial system that arose in Europe during the
2150:
804:
688:
221:
3971:
2088:
1576:) or the honorary variety (which does not involve the said re-enactments, roughly akin to a
1465:
In 2011, the Council of Kings and Princes of Madagascar endorsed the revival of a Christian
1344:, inherit the throne in 1913—only to be deposed in 1916 because of his conversion to Islam.
7306:
6760:
6643:
6638:
6542:
6412:
6363:
5757:
5723:
5708:
5544:
5491:
3769:
3083:
3061:
2957:
2657:
2574:
2497:
It must be recalled that ever since the beginning of the colonialization, the conquistador
1886:
1785:
1498:
1486:
1482:
1400:
186:
42:
4743:
608:
8:
7274:
7220:
7156:
7085:
7047:
6027:
5832:
5807:
5787:
5691:
5096:(Vol. 1 of 6 vols) (in Spanish). Madrid: Imprenta y esteriotipia de M Rivadeneyra, p. 146
4412:
3982:
3697:
3608:
3576:
3554:
3416:
3323:
2818:
2717:
2646:
2611:
2563:
2507:
2329:
1741:
1562:
1459:
1144:, as it was then known) was made up of many small kingdoms, principalities, emirates and
985:
807:", i.e. several generations of noble ancestry, to be eligible for offices and favours at
783:
233:
190:
178:
4142:
2352:
1352:
850:
and nobility; in those countries where heraldry is used, nobles have almost always been
7478:
7473:
7334:
7301:
7179:
7174:
7151:
6996:
6910:
6857:
6737:
6184:
6166:
6161:
6149:
5983:
5802:
5782:
5752:
5534:
5506:
4856:, 19531–993: 40 años de un pensamiento (in Castellano). Madrid: HIDALGUIA, pp. 234–235.
4545:
4285:
4046:
3996:
3937:
3851:
3840:
3779:
3625:
3591:
3549:
3443:
3438:
3421:
3406:
3333:
3165:
3039:
2941:
2906:
nobility of Mexico, with specific privileges and obligations determined in the various
2826:
2792:
2769:
For example, there is a ceremonial monarchy led by a titular ruler who is known as the
2709:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2511:
2491:
2466:
2434:
2337:
2333:
2312:
989:
839:
769:
612:
291:
217:
4813:
2736:
2458:
2421:
With the recognition of the Spanish monarchs came the privilege of being addressed as
1832:(crown prince), and equivalents of "prince" were accorded, and due to complexities in
421:, who might be a higher-ranking nobleman or a monarch. It rapidly became a hereditary
111:
7463:
7281:
7259:
7249:
7244:
7215:
7210:
6884:
6782:
6189:
6107:
5844:
5797:
5735:
5564:
5249:
5211:
5173:
5113:
5062:
5031:
5023:
5002:
4994:
4949:
4924:
4882:
4796:
4788:
4718:
4489:
4450:
4215:
4170:
4050:
4000:
3692:
3493:
3366:
3361:
3262:
3210:
2937:
2921:
2887:
2833:
2669:
2626:
2578:
2519:
2365:
2224:, red and blue), which are also used by royalty in Asia; a native princess; and a
2136:
2079:
1440:
1266:
1188:
1094:
1062:
941:
734:
526:
213:
2797:
2252:
principalities and sovereign dominions throughout the isles; in some areas the term
1477:
7326:
7321:
7225:
7145:
7113:
7096:
7080:
6905:
6834:
6633:
6507:
6407:
6237:
6045:
5935:
5886:
5859:
5612:
5607:
5460:
4771:
4273:
3986:
3929:
3906:
3856:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3613:
3581:
3564:
3513:
3386:
3381:
3306:
3215:
3180:
3066:
2925:
2907:
2869:
2860:
not return to the Brazilian soil until 1921, when the Banishment Law was repealed.
2848:
2763:
2759:
2713:
2705:
2622:
2462:
2341:
2332:
confirmed the privileges granted by his predecessors (in Title VII, Book VI of the
2105:
1980:
1903:
1875:
1825:
1781:
1656:
1553:
1282:
1157:
1141:
1127:
1098:
1023:
918:
877:
586:
476:
438:
275:
194:
150:
3991:
2569:
795:
647:
7296:
7122:
7074:
6942:
6378:
6070:
5881:
5627:
5617:
5294:
5287:
5243:
5205:
5141:
4862:
4750:
4535:
4343:) are of the ancient Feudal Nobility of Scotland". This title is not, however, a
4312:
4292:
4094:
3970:
Bengtsson, Erik; Missiaia, Anna; Olsson, Mats; Svensson, Patrick (12 June 2018).
3784:
3702:
3596:
3523:
3518:
3503:
3391:
3371:
3318:
3287:
3282:
3193:
2814:
2721:
2603:
2430:
2422:
2386:
2125:
1929:
1769:
1379:
1333:
1136:
1086:
1078:
1070:
880:, as distinct from noble rank, were not always recognised in law, e.g., Poland's
830:
800:
717:
708:
697:
163:
4369:Ölyvedi Vad Imre. (1930) Nemességi könyv. Koroknay-Nyomda. Szeged, Hungary. 85.p
4360:Ölyvedi Vad Imre. (1930) Nemességi könyv. Koroknay-Nyomda. Szeged, Hungary. 45p.
2149:
system after the British example, which granted seats in the upper house of the
1639:, India. The Nair caste was a martial nobility, similar to the Samurai of Japan.
1552:
Outside of this, many of the traditional nobles of Nigeria continue to serve as
7286:
7204:
7140:
7134:
7030:
6970:
6841:
6335:
6279:
6118:
6075:
6003:
5747:
5718:
5643:
5597:
5539:
5496:
5377:
5134:
4614:
4033:
3829:
3824:
3645:
3569:
3559:
3508:
3498:
3338:
3230:
3170:
2891:
2752:
2700:
2607:
2426:
2308:
2307:, the datus retained governance of their territories despite annexation to the
2273:
2225:
2050:
1984:
1871:
1797:
1777:
1712:
1620:
1600:
1597:
1161:
1153:
891:
855:
726:
672:
664:
577:
573:
245:
209:
198:
155:
7036:
4664:
4235:
3343:
2878:
A deputation of members of the Mexican nobility, presenting the throne of the
2357:
2321:
448:
Nobility is a historical, social, and often legal notion, differing from high
7457:
7432:
7041:
6176:
5973:
5762:
5632:
5622:
5580:
5554:
5549:
5486:
5446:
4687:"عائلات بارزة تدفع بأبنائها في الانتخابات لحفظ الميراث النيابي | مصر العربية"
4137:
3972:"The Wealth of the Richest: Inequality and the Nobility in Sweden, 1750–1900"
3846:
3738:
3677:
3452:
3375:
3349:
3235:
3098:
2779:
that were brought to Bolivia as slaves. They have provided leadership to the
2682:
2101:
2021:
1921:
1848:
1745:
1520:
1361:
1327:
Despite being largely dominated by Christian elements, some Muslims obtained
1306:
1183:
1054:
907:
903:
808:
774:
749:
730:
518:
514:
449:
442:
338:
4714:
Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali – Afaf Lutfi Sayyid-Marsot – Google Books
4493:
4301:
entry, 'Heraldry' (Volume 11), 3, The Law of Arms. 1613. The nature of arms.
1924:, which was renamed as the Sacrificial Official to Confucius in 1935 by the
704:
693:
585:
present in the European monarchies has no more privileges than the citizens
7427:
6209:
6136:
5915:
5905:
5824:
5574:
5481:
5431:
5245:
Les noblesses européennes de la fin du XVe siècle à la fin du XVIIIe siècle
4281:
3756:
3672:
3328:
3297:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3225:
2933:
2856:
2694:
2217:
2184:
2059:
2027:
1896:
1860:
1852:
1725:
1699:
1580:), grants an individual the right to use the word "chief" as a pre-nominal
1418:
1262:
1126:
that is almost as old as the country itself. Throughout the history of the
1110:
1090:
1030:
1011:
824:
658:
551:
500:
472:
464:
383:
269:
249:
229:
182:
5035:
5006:
2514:. Other independent polities that were not vassals to other States, e.g.,
2229:
7409:
7364:
7001:
6373:
6204:
6194:
6144:
6126:
6037:
5998:
5792:
5703:
5686:
5393:
A few notes about grants of titles of nobility by modern Serbian Monarchs
5284:
Constitutional History of England since the Accession of George the Third
5207:
Noblesses et pouvoirs dans l'Europe d'Ancien Régime, Hachette Littérature
4900:
Los Saberes de la Nobleza Española y su Tradición: Familia, corte, libros
4482:
3789:
3486:
3433:
3105:
3049:
2965:
2766:, Bolivia has several groups that may fit into the category of nobility.
2586:
2551:
2482:
2382:
2239:
2206:
2067:
2042:
1882:
1867:
1856:
1833:
1757:
1569:
1544:
1532:
1292:
1131:
971:
963:
of an exclusive right to use of any given title by an established class.
812:
757:
598:
581:
555:
534:
4948:, 1953–1993: 40 años de un pensamiento (in Spanish). Madrid: HIDALGUIA.
4923:, 1953–1993: 40 años de un pensamiento (in Spanish). Madrid: HIDALGUIA.
4881:, 1953–1993: 40 años de un pensamiento (in Spanish). Madrid: HIDALGUIA.
4800:
4152:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 728.
3941:
2995:
A list of noble titles for different European countries can be found at
1932:. There is also a "Sacrificial Official to Mencius" for a descendant of
405:(in Europe and elsewhere), the nobility were generally those who held a
162:
and is filled with members that are selected from the aristocracy (both
7401:
6219:
5559:
3794:
3122:
2732:
2527:
1855:, which gradually gave way to a more bureaucratic one beginning in the
1577:
1526:
1443:
title of nobility. Before the colonization by France in the 1890s, the
1412:
1378:. In much of Madagascar, before French colonization of the island, the
1369:
1269:, such as the princes of Gojjam, Tigray, and Selalle. The heirs of the
1253:
960:
952:
484:
455:
430:
414:
389:
225:
4638:
3933:
397:
In modern usage, "nobility" is applied to the highest social class in
7383:
6787:
6680:
6265:
6260:
6227:
6199:
6087:
6082:
6018:
5993:
5940:
5854:
5569:
5501:
4278:
4201:
3728:
3718:
2984:
2953:
2895:
2851:, 1,211 noble titles were acknowledged. With the proclamation of the
2415:
2284:
2033:
1917:
1837:
1678:
1581:
1406:
1341:
1317:
1225:
1015:
827:) extending back five generations (all 16 great-great-grandparents).
763:
539:
410:
402:
295:
283:
257:
167:
6926:
4666:#مساء_الخير | محمود اباظة : حصلنا على لقب العيلة من سيدة شركسية
3878:"Move Over, Kate Middleton: These Commoners All Married Royals, Too"
3267:
2114:
1627:
1201:("king") which was held by hereditary governors of the provinces of
53:
7311:
6829:
6772:
6722:
6274:
6246:
6232:
6099:
6023:
6008:
5968:
5713:
3748:
3530:
3411:
3185:
3073:
3054:
2903:
2747:
From the many historical native chiefs and rulers of pre-Columbian
2515:
2443:
2288:
2214:
2210:
1993:
1805:
1761:
1612:
1424:
1394:
1374:
1296:
1287:
1235:
1202:
1066:
948:). Neither nobility nor titles could be transmitted through women.
882:
859:
847:
803:
to noblemen who could demonstrate that their lineage had extended "
778:
644:, although this restriction came to be increasingly ignored as the
530:
503:(1789). The rural third estate carries the clergy and the nobility.
418:
314:
306:
7438:
5110:
Naissance de la noblesse. L'essor des élites politiques en Europe.
2775:. The members of his dynasty are the direct descendants of an old
2373:
application of this comparison is the General Military Archive in
1796:
which meant functionary. Other noble and aristocratic titles were
1382:
were organised into a rigid social caste system, within which the
981:(1835–1914), a Finnish aristocrat, businessman, and the father of
7355:
7006:
6948:
6270:
6255:
6251:
6013:
5963:
5955:
5945:
5849:
5837:
5696:
5592:
5586:
5373:
Worldroots, a selection of art and genealogy of European nobility
5018:
Blair, Emma Helen & Robertson, James Alexander, eds. (1903).
4989:
Blair, Emma Helen & Robertson, James Alexander, eds. (1903).
4854:
Heraldica, Genealogia y Nobleza en los Editoriales de «Hidalguia»
4778:, Cleveland: The A.H. Clark Company, 1903, Vol. XVI, pp. 155–156.
3819:
3774:
3472:
3457:
3257:
2929:
2914:
2748:
2665:
2378:
2374:
2276:
2146:
2120:
2063:
1997:
1941:
1933:
1909:
The Qing appointed the Ming imperial descendants to the title of
1809:
1737:
1733:
1652:
1616:
1592:
1573:
1557:
1494:
1301:
945:
933:
895:
789:
743:
668:
576:
has largely been abolished in the Western World as intrinsically
572:
Since the end of World War I the hereditary nobility entitled to
356:
282:
added to names (such as "Prince", "Lord", or "Lady"), as well as
5387:
846:
This illustrates the traditional link in many countries between
799:
the old nobility pushed for restrictions of certain offices and
290:). Some countries have had non-hereditary nobility, such as the
6932:
6798:
6242:
6055:
5988:
5928:
5923:
5730:
5397:
4141:
3969:
3799:
3733:
3542:
3462:
3311:
3272:
3175:
3110:
3093:
2980:
2829:
were granted by the king of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves.
2653:
2602:
progressively reduced by legislation. However, until 1999, all
2555:
2292:
2258:
2153:; this ended in 1947 following Japan's defeat in World War II.
2141:
2046:
2008:
2002:
1937:
1801:
1749:
1722:
1636:
1608:
1514:
1388:
1247:
1210:
1167:
Ethiopian nobility were divided into two different categories:
1049:
912:
899:
851:
676:
566:
546:
349:("noble but also secondarily well-known, famous, notable"). In
287:
2593:. In countries where the nobility was the dominant class, the
2473:
2220:
couple dressed in colours distinctive of their class (gold or
2193:
1940:, and a "Sacrificial Official to Yan Hui" for a descendant of
1863:, and by its peak power shifted from nobility to bureaucrats.
787:, increasingly resented the influence and pretensions of this
663:
within their realms. For example, in the United Kingdom royal
507:
Not all of the benefits of nobility derived from noble status
495:
7419:
6050:
5978:
5529:
5372:
5092:
FERRANDO, Fr Juan & FONSECA OSA, Fr Joaquin (1870–1872).
3804:
3712:
3667:
3618:
3426:
3133:
3078:
3034:
3027:
2688:
2543:
2264:
2175:
2166:
1813:
1753:
1711:
For the historical hierarchy of the Indian subcontinent, see
1687:
1648:
1643:
1321:
1214:
1206:
1197:
1082:
1074:
1019:
982:
887:
434:
422:
366:
38:
5369:, an on-line database of European noble genealogy (archived)
4108:"Half of England is owned by less than 1% of the population"
2649:, though their immediate families were recognised as noble.
7391:
6919:
6060:
5602:
5309:"El retorno del rey negro boliviano a sus raíces africanas"
3834:
3707:
3662:
3537:
3277:
2945:
2924:
states of present-day Mexico, to noble Mexican families of
2577:
in 1471. Large numbers of English nobility perished in the
2559:
2478:
2244:
2083:
2016:
1632:
1604:
1538:
1277:, indicative of the higher status they enjoyed relative to
1145:
1058:
975:
854:, and have used heraldry to demonstrate their ancestry and
562:
533:
or nobles of lower rank who lived or worked on the noble's
406:
374:
4317:(2nd ed.). London: T.Hookham – Simpkin and Marshall.
4236:"The consolidation of Noble Power in Europe, c. 1600–1800"
2964:(1862–1867); as well as bearers of titles and other noble
2538:
2447:, proportionate in number to the inhabitants of the town.
2238:
Like other Southeast Asian countries, many regions in the
2139:
in 1868, feudal titles and ranks were reorgnised into the
1728:, surrounded by nobles in his court in 18th-century India.
580:, and discredited as inferior in efficiency to individual
248:
were families descended from persons who had achieved the
4073:– via Zaccheus Onumba Dibiaezue Memorial Libraries.
3117:
2617:
The countries with the highest proportion of nobles were
2347:
2092:
Japanese samurai (from left the second and fourth), 1798.
1936:, a "Sacrificial Official to Zengzi" for a descendant of
1706:
1455:
1177:
671:, which also carries nobility and formerly a seat in the
2053:
in the Imperial Court and the provinces there were many
1261:
was accorded to the heads of various noble families and
3002:
For the proper address of holders of these titles, see
2283:) are currently used in some parts of the Philippines,
2248:
was the common title of a chief or monarch of the many
2104:—the most powerful and important family of nobility in
1281:
who were not of the blood imperial. There were various
1191:). In Ethiopia there were titles of nobility among the
177:
is a social class found in many societies that have an
2968:
granted by foreign powers who have settled in Mexico.
37:
For "kings" in the personal characteristic sense, see
2948:), untitled noble families of Mexico, and holders of
1305:, a title created for the descendants of the deposed
715:
Nobility might be either inherited or conferred by a
4446:
The politics of aristocratic empires by John Kautsky
4295:, Innes of Learney's perspective is accepted in the
2910:
that historically ruled over the Mexican territory.
310:
Nobility offered protection in exchange for service.
5047:
4814:"Recopilación de Leyes de los Reynos de las Indias"
2298:
1469:monarchy that would blend modernity and tradition.
890:or its equivalent, are commonly referred to as the
78:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4978:Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada Europeo-Americana
679:of land nor rights to the local peasants' output.
569:and was an accepted manner of resolving disputes.
499:A French political cartoon of the three orders of
260:whose ancestors were consuls were also considered
4974:y se reconocía capacidad para ser gobernadorcillo
4639:"عائلات تحكم مصر.. 1 ـ "الأباظية" عائلة الباشوات"
3378:nobility in the modern area of Estonia and Latvia
2506:, which previously existed in a few cases, e.g.,
7455:
4980:. VII. Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, S. A. 1921, p. 624.
2672:had great prestige but little additional power.
2621:(15% of an 18th-century population of 800,000),
2562:living thereon). During the period known as the
1033:explains the genesis of the blue blood concept:
4898:Ceballos-Escalera y Gila, Alfonso, ed. (2016).
4753:, July 28, 1953 – Bamboo Breeze – Vol. 6, No. 3
4480:
4210:. New York: Barnes & Noble Books. pp.
4039:The European Nobility in the Eighteenth Century
2477:A pre-colonial Tagalog couple belonging to the
1776:) was a title and position used by nobility of
761:, most particularly the members of the various
441:is in the hands of aristocrats and traditional
433:expectations of the nobility of the Kingdom of
2975:has prohibited the state from recognizing any
2019:, historical titles of the nobility including
1736:formed a class of aristocracy associated with
1291:, reserved for males of the family of Empress
767:, were ennobled by the king, constituting the
6696:
5413:
4710:
2356:Typical costume of a family belonging to the
1752:emerged who initially served as governors of
475:countries and places in the Americas such as
30:"Nobles" redirects here. For other uses, see
6317:
6097:
3528:
2932:, and other European descent, which include
2450:
863:
645:
639:
633:
626:
620:
558:long remained the privilege of every noble.
417:and various, mainly military, services to a
5241:
5152:Jorn Leonhard, and Christian Wieland, eds.
4481:Malte-Brun, Conrad; Balbi, Adriano (1842).
4169:. Cambridge University Press. p. 117.
1740:, developing after the 10th century in the
1501:which is led by its reigning monarchs, the
1118:(center) and members of the imperial court.
682:
656:
508:
453:
387:
372:
354:
343:
331:
262:
238:
6703:
6689:
5420:
5406:
5172:. Cambridge University Press. p. 25.
5041:
4550:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
181:. It is normally ranked immediately below
5342:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
5306:
4848:Cf. DE CADENAS Y VICENT, Vicente (1993).
4410:
3990:
2390:considered noble, regardless of fortune.
138:Learn how and when to remove this message
6305:
5165:
4711:Sayyid-Marsot, Afaf Lutfi (2024-02-24).
4449:. Transaction Publishers. January 1997.
4304:
4207:Titles: How the King became His Highness
4162:
4136:
4032:
3471:
3009:For the English Knowledge category, see
2873:
2813:The nobility in Brazil began during the
2796:
2731:
2641:into Great Britain, there were only 168
2568:
2537:
2472:
2457:
2364:. Exhibit in the Villa Escudero Museum,
2351:
2095:
2087:
1975:
1717:
1693:
1677:
1642:
1626:
1591:
1476:
1351:
1295:who ruled over the mountain fortress of
1109:
970:
886:. European ranks of nobility lower than
829:
703:
692:
602:
565:established the status of a respectable
494:
313:
305:
168:ennobled only for their individual lives
149:
4770:, lib. vi, tit. VII, ley xvi. Also cf.
4310:
3258:Indonesian (Dutch East Indies) nobility
1014:and high nobility who claimed to be of
898:of the British Isles are deemed titled
733:-based titled nobility, which included
667:are necessary to obtain a title of the
252:. Those who belonged to the hereditary
14:
7456:
6710:
4662:
4621:(in Korean), Academy of Korean Studies
4524:Little, Brown and Company, 1983, p. 67
4010:from the original on 15 September 2018
3951:from the original on 15 September 2018
3905:
2886:in 1863. He was a descendant of prior
2348:Filipino nobles during the Spanish era
1987:, Egypt's largest aristocratic family.
1707:India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal
382:with an ancestor who had risen to the
6684:
6304:
5661:
5401:
5307:Rodríguez, Andres (19 January 2018).
4944:DE CADENAS Y VICENT, Vicente (1993).
4919:DE CADENAS Y VICENT, Vicente (1993).
4906:, N. 68 (Octubre-Diciembre 2016, p. 4
4877:DE CADENAS Y VICENT, Vicente (1993).
4533:
3482:Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy
2990:
2606:were entitled to sit and vote in the
2481:class or nobility as depicted in the
2311:. In a law signed 11 June 1594, King
1859:(221 BC). This continued through the
1756:, later becoming independent. In the
1748:, a class of administrators known as
1360:was from the Andriana stratum of the
1217:. The next highest seven titles were
1148:, which owed their allegiance to the
815:descent, although historians such as
5338:"Chapter 2 – The Oath of Allegiance"
5273:
5248:. Presses universitaires de France.
5203:
4200:
4118:from the original on 30 October 2021
1874:period with the introduction of the
76:adding citations to reliable sources
47:
4966:Durante la dominación española, el
4261:Essays on Eighteenth Century France
4194:
2762:and that has ancestral ties to the
1507:subnational kingdoms of the country
793:nobility. In the last years of the
490:
24:
5663:
5662:
4776:The Philippine Islands (1493–1898)
4311:Larence, Sir James Henry (1827) .
1885:, however, the institution of the
41:. For a list of noble houses, see
25:
7495:
5360:
5288:Volume I, Chapter 5, pp. 273–281.
5280:Farnborough, T. E. May, 1st Baron
5061:(in Spanish). Madrid: HIDALGUIA.
5020:The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898
4991:The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898
2662:a far smaller class of "magnates"
1847:China had a feudal system in the
6797:
6665:
6664:
5427:
5169:The European nobility, 1400–1800
5131:Explorations in Economic History
4380:"The annual register. v.51 1809"
4166:The European nobility, 1400–1800
2973:Political Constitution of Mexico
2675:
2385:, notable Tagalogs, chieftains,
2299:Recognition by the Spanish Crown
2192:
2183:
2174:
2165:
1971:
1439:is traceable back to an ancient
675:, but never came with automatic
160:Parliament of the United Kingdom
158:is the upper legislature of the
52:
27:Official privileged social class
5330:
5319:from the original on 2020-11-09
5300:
5297:London: Longmans, Green and Co.
5262:from the original on 2022-04-07
5235:
5224:from the original on 2022-04-07
5197:
5186:from the original on 2022-04-07
5159:
5146:
5123:
5099:
5086:
5075:from the original on 2022-04-07
5012:
4983:
4959:
4934:
4909:
4892:
4867:
4837:
4826:from the original on 2017-03-28
4806:
4781:
4774:and James Alexander Robertson,
4756:
4737:
4704:
4679:
4656:
4631:
4606:
4582:
4558:
4527:
4514:
4500:from the original on 2021-09-25
4474:
4463:from the original on 2016-05-27
4437:
4423:from the original on 2020-02-15
4404:
4390:from the original on 2021-09-25
4372:
4363:
4354:
4332:
4321:from the original on 2013-05-26
4266:
4253:
4242:from the original on 2013-12-13
4228:
4183:from the original on 2022-04-07
3979:Scandinavian Journal of History
3888:from the original on 2018-10-25
2256:was also used. With the titles
2055:Ottoman titles and appellations
1285:in Ethiopia: including that of
910:. Unlike England's gentry, the
607:Opening of the Hungarian Diet (
63:needs additional citations for
6306:
4717:. Cambridge University Press.
4534:Regmi, Mahesh Chandra (1979).
4156:
4130:
4100:
4077:
4026:
3963:
3899:
3870:
2838:Brazilian Constitution of 1824
2619:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2156:
1792:is derived from Sanskrit word
1702:Bestows a Jewel on a Nobleman.
1053:families of North Africa, the
1010:, which described the Spanish
966:
592:
561:During the early Renaissance,
409:, often land or office, under
13:
1:
5242:Jean-Pierre, Labatut (1981).
4612:
3992:10.1080/03468755.2018.1480538
3863:
3815:Patrician (post-Roman Europe)
3658:Australian peers and baronets
3453:British gentry/minor nobility
3402:Peerage of the United Kingdom
1668:
1499:class of traditional notables
1347:
1313:, held by the descendants of
319:
185:. Nobility has often been an
5388:Genesis of European Nobility
5049:DE CADENAS Y VICENT, Vicente
4689:. 2019-02-20. Archived from
4298:Stair Memorial Encyclopaedia
3926:University of Illinois Press
3004:Royal and noble title styles
2954:Viceroyalty of the New Spain
2902:The Mexican nobility were a
2847:During the existence of the
2836:. However, according to the
2827:Brazilian titles of nobility
2823:united kingdom with Portugal
2395:Real Academia de la Historia
1655:aristocrats were carried in
1116:Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia
1018:descent, in contrast to the
838:in the typical dress of the
329:The term derives from Latin
7:
4351:ranks in England as gentry.
3715:(social hierarchy of India)
3685:
3476:Burmese nobles and servants
3355:
3156:Canadian peers and baronets
3149:
3089:Nigerian traditional rulers
3016:
3011:Category:Nobility by nation
2741:Queen of the Afro-Bolivians
2639:England and Scotland united
1503:Nigerian traditional rulers
1105:
386:through his own merit (see
10:
7500:
5512:Weberian (three-component)
3918:Illinois Classical Studies
3765:List of fictional nobility
3651:
3192:United States – While its
3008:
3001:
2867:
2790:
2727:
2077:
1710:
1472:
686:
638:, to style himself as its
615:in the Royal Palace, 1865.
596:
301:
36:
29:
7418:
7400:
7382:
7363:
7354:
7235:
7197:
7106:
7067:
7060:
6986:
6960:
6898:
6877:
6870:
6850:
6813:
6806:
6795:
6730:
6719:
6660:
6601:
6493:
6461:
6428:
6354:
6326:
6313:
6300:
6218:
6175:
6135:
6117:
6036:
5954:
5914:
5823:
5816:
5771:
5674:
5670:
5657:
5520:
5474:
5470:
5441:
5166:Jonathan, Dewald (1996).
4411:Edgeworth, Maria (1857).
4163:Jonathan, Dewald (1996).
4020:Lund University Libraries
3221:Indian peers and baronets
3204:
2863:
2842:Brazilian imperial family
2786:
2758:that dates to the era of
2660:. At the top, Poland had
2533:
2516:Confederation of Madja-as
2360:of the late 19th century
2305:islands' Christianization
1911:Marquis of Extended Grace
1773:
1042:
6634:Pre-industrial East Asia
4088:Who really owns Britain?
3810:Patrician (ancient Rome)
3724:False titles of nobility
3397:Peerage of Great Britain
3161:French-Canadian nobility
2979:since 1917. The present
2894:, the crown jewel being
2853:First Brazilian Republic
2807:Prime Minister of Brazil
2073:
1950:
1819:
1489:, on his throne in 2016.
1336:who converted, was made
755:In France, some wealthy
683:Rank within the nobility
437:.) More than a third of
413:, i.e., in exchange for
7469:Estates (social groups)
6721:(*) : state where
5682:Administrative detainee
4663:CBCtwo (May 10, 2014).
4149:Encyclopædia Britannica
2821:. When Brazil became a
2781:Afro-Bolivian community
2777:African tribal monarchy
2510:'s overlordship of the
2499:Miguel López de Legazpi
2433:(elected leader of the
2328:On 22 March 1697, King
1928:. The title is held by
1784:(1768–1846). Historian
1635:nobles in 18th century
1587:
957:fake titles of nobility
298:in the United Kingdom.
164:hereditary titleholders
32:Nobles (disambiguation)
6098:
4594:contents.history.go.kr
4570:contents.history.go.kr
3911:"Tacitean "Nobilitas""
3529:
3477:
3144:Zimbabwean chieftaincy
2899:
2884:Maximilian I of Mexico
2810:
2744:
2582:
2547:
2502:replacing the similar
2486:
2470:
2369:
2109:
2093:
1988:
1729:
1703:
1691:
1675:
1640:
1624:
1490:
1365:
1358:Radama I of Madagascar
1119:
1040:
993:
979:Carl Robert Mannerheim
871:Chiefs of Clan MacLeod
864:
843:
773:. The old nobility of
712:
701:
657:
646:
640:
634:
627:
621:
616:
611:) with the members of
509:
504:
454:
388:
373:
355:
344:
332:
326:
311:
263:
239:
171:
6639:Pre-industrial Europe
5106:Karl Ferdinand Werner
4768:Recapilación de leyes
4764:Ley de Junio 11, 1594
4537:Regmi Research Series
3475:
3023:Botswanan chieftaincy
2997:Royal and noble ranks
2981:United Mexican States
2962:Second Mexican Empire
2960:(1821–1823), and the
2877:
2800:
2735:
2612:represent the peerage
2591:Industrial Revolution
2572:
2541:
2476:
2461:
2355:
2099:
2091:
1979:
1816:, Pradhan, Kaji etc.
1721:
1697:
1681:
1646:
1630:
1615:, Istamuradars &
1595:
1480:
1355:
1320:, who ruled over the
1113:
1035:
974:
833:
811:along with nobles of
739:in the United Kingdom
707:
696:
689:Royal and noble ranks
606:
498:
467:, nor differentiated
450:socio-economic status
351:ancient Roman society
317:
309:
222:Old Swiss Confederacy
153:
6496: or countries
6307:By country or region
5545:Class discrimination
5204:Jean, Meyer (1973).
5112:Fayard, Paris 1998,
4675:– via YouTube.
4540:. Nepal. p. 43.
3983:Taylor & Francis
3770:List of noble houses
3587:Montenegrin nobility
3312:Burmese Mon nobility
3084:Nigerian Chieftaincy
3062:Ghanaian chieftaincy
2958:First Mexican Empire
2952:acquired during the
2658:Polish landed gentry
2575:Battle of Tewkesbury
2485:of the 16th century.
1887:Imperial examination
1786:Mahesh Chandra Regmi
1095:descendants of Shaka
399:pre-modern societies
318:French aristocrats,
220:(697–1797), and the
72:improve this article
43:List of noble houses
6783:South Africa (Zulu)
6028:Vanniar (Chieftain)
5133:75 (2020): 101303.
4097:, 16. October 2010.
3698:Aristocracy (class)
3668:Polynesian nobility
3609:Portuguese nobility
3577:Lithuanian nobility
3324:Vietnamese nobility
2825:in 1815, the first
2819:Portuguese nobility
2564:Military Revolution
2508:Sultanate of Brunei
2435:Cabezas de Barangay
2429:. For example, the
2330:Charles II of Spain
1742:Indian subcontinent
1684:aristocratic family
1603:showing the Chief (
1487:Muhammadu Sanusi II
1460:morganatic marriage
1099:those of Moshoeshoe
986:C. G. E. Mannerheim
652:drew to its close.
234:Classical Antiquity
187:estate of the realm
6609:18th-century Spain
6463:Standard of living
6167:Upper middle class
6162:Lower middle class
5753:Political prisoner
5535:Chattering classes
5507:Spoon class theory
5293:2008-06-22 at the
5140:2021-07-14 at the
4904:Cuadernos de Ayala
4861:2015-06-23 at the
4749:2020-02-19 at the
4744:The Olongapo Story
4566:"교과서 용어해설 | 우리역사넷"
4347:, thus Scotland's
4291:2010-01-09 at the
4093:2021-11-04 at the
4047:Palgrave Macmillan
3852:Social environment
3841:Redorer son blason
3780:Nobiliary particle
3626:Ruthenian nobility
3592:Norwegian nobility
3555:Icelandic nobility
3550:Hungarian nobility
3478:
3444:Chiefs of the Name
3346:of the Philippines
3334:Mongolian nobility
3166:Brazilian nobility
3045:Ethiopian nobility
3035:Burundian nobility
2991:Nobility by nation
2977:titles of nobility
2950:titles of nobility
2940:(ennobled by King
2900:
2811:
2793:Brazilian nobility
2772:Afro-Bolivian king
2745:
2635:Kingdom of Hungary
2583:
2548:
2512:Kingdom of Maynila
2492:Laws of the Indies
2487:
2471:
2370:
2334:Laws of the Indies
2313:Philip II of Spain
2205:: Images from the
2110:
2094:
1989:
1826:titles of nobility
1730:
1704:
1692:
1676:
1641:
1625:
1607:) and the nobles (
1584:while in Nigeria.
1491:
1366:
1120:
1102:social positions.
994:
990:Marshal of Finland
844:
840:Hungarian nobility
801:orders of chivalry
735:peerages in France
713:
702:
617:
613:hungarian nobility
505:
327:
312:
254:patrician families
218:Republic of Venice
172:
7451:
7450:
7447:
7446:
7350:
7349:
7264:Baltic countries
7056:
7055:
6866:
6865:
6678:
6677:
6656:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6489:
6488:
6296:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6288:
6287:
6190:Lumpenproletariat
5692:illegal immigrant
5653:
5652:
5565:Classless society
5028:978-1-333-01347-9
4999:978-1-333-01347-9
4724:978-0-521-28968-9
4417:Project Gutenberg
4221:978-1-56619-085-5
4114:. 17 April 2019.
3907:Oliver, Revilo P.
3693:Almanach de Gotha
3494:Croatian nobility
3412:Scottish noblesse
3367:Austrian nobility
3362:Albanian nobility
3263:Japanese nobility
3211:Armenian nobility
3194:constitution bars
3074:Malagasy nobility
3040:Egyptian nobility
2956:(1521–1821), the
2908:political systems
2834:emperor of Brazil
2803:Marquis of Paraná
2579:Wars of the Roses
2520:Rajahnate of Cebu
2467:Hispanic Hidalgos
2453:status questionis
2366:San Pablo, Laguna
2213:noble couple; a
2137:Meiji Restoration
2100:Genealogy of the
2080:Japanese nobility
1926:Republic of China
1554:privy counsellors
1372:are known as the
1283:hereditary titles
1267:Solomonic dynasty
1189:Holy Roman Empire
1063:Solomonic dynasty
1024:superficial veins
942:House of Habsburg
928:of Spain and the
878:hereditary titles
876:In some nations,
834:Hungarian prince
527:French Revolution
367:plebeian families
341:of the adjective
276:Hereditary titles
256:were nobles, but
216:(1005–1815), the
214:Republic of Genoa
212:(1581–1795), the
148:
147:
140:
122:
16:(Redirected from
7491:
7410:Marshall Islands
7361:
7360:
7236:Central, Eastern
7065:
7064:
6875:
6874:
6811:
6810:
6801:
6705:
6698:
6691:
6682:
6681:
6668:
6667:
6495:
6396:Mexican-American
6324:
6323:
6315:
6314:
6302:
6301:
6103:
6046:Business magnate
5936:Knowledge worker
5821:
5820:
5709:dual or multiple
5672:
5671:
5659:
5658:
5613:Social exclusion
5608:Social cleansing
5522:
5472:
5471:
5461:Economic classes
5422:
5415:
5408:
5399:
5398:
5383:Etymology OnLine
5354:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5334:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5304:
5298:
5277:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5239:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5201:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5191:
5163:
5157:
5150:
5144:
5127:
5121:
5103:
5097:
5090:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5045:
5039:
5016:
5010:
4987:
4981:
4963:
4957:
4938:
4932:
4913:
4907:
4896:
4890:
4871:
4865:
4841:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4825:
4818:
4810:
4804:
4785:
4779:
4772:Emma Helen Blair
4760:
4754:
4741:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4683:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4660:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4643:albawabhnews.com
4635:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4626:
4610:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4586:
4580:
4579:
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4562:
4556:
4555:
4549:
4541:
4531:
4525:
4518:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4505:
4485:of the world ...
4478:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4428:
4408:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4395:
4376:
4370:
4367:
4361:
4358:
4352:
4336:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4308:
4302:
4274:Innes of Learney
4270:
4264:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4232:
4226:
4225:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4145:
4143:"Nobility"
4134:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4104:
4098:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4065:
4059:. Archived from
4044:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4017:
4015:
4009:
3994:
3976:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3950:
3915:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3874:
3857:Symbolic capital
3641:Swedish nobility
3636:Spanish nobility
3631:Serbian nobility
3614:Russian nobility
3582:Maltese nobility
3565:Italian nobility
3534:
3514:Finnish nobility
3417:Scottish peerage
3387:British nobility
3382:Belgian nobility
3307:Burmese nobility
3293:Tachibana family
3216:Chinese nobility
3181:Mexican nobility
3134:Rwandan nobility
3067:Akan chieftaincy
2920:families of the
2870:Mexican nobility
2849:Empire of Brazil
2801:Portrait of the
2764:Spanish nobility
2760:colonial Bolivia
2714:Spanish nobility
2604:hereditary peers
2431:Gobernadorcillos
2196:
2187:
2178:
2169:
2106:history of Japan
1996:or the clans of
1981:Aziz Pasha Abaza
1876:Nine-rank system
1782:Kingdom of Nepal
1780:(1559–1768) and
1775:
1673:
1670:
1631:Illustration of
1368:The nobility in
1158:Emirate of Harar
1128:Ethiopian Empire
919:noblesse de robe
916:of Germany, the
867:
770:noblesse de robe
662:
651:
643:
637:
630:
624:
512:
491:Noble privileges
469:forms of address
459:
393:
378:
360:
347:
335:
324:
321:
292:Empire of Brazil
266:
244:(nobles) of the
242:
143:
136:
132:
129:
123:
121:
80:
56:
48:
21:
7499:
7498:
7494:
7493:
7492:
7490:
7489:
7488:
7454:
7453:
7452:
7443:
7414:
7396:
7378:
7346:
7237:
7231:
7193:
7135:The Netherlands
7102:
7052:
6982:
6956:
6894:
6862:
6846:
6802:
6793:
6726:
6715:
6709:
6679:
6674:
6648:
6597:
6485:
6457:
6424:
6408:Underprivileged
6350:
6309:
6308:
6284:
6214:
6171:
6131:
6113:
6032:
5950:
5910:
5812:
5767:
5666:
5665:
5649:
5628:Social position
5618:Social mobility
5516:
5466:
5437:
5436:
5426:
5363:
5358:
5357:
5347:
5345:
5336:
5335:
5331:
5322:
5320:
5305:
5301:
5295:Wayback Machine
5278:
5274:
5265:
5263:
5256:
5240:
5236:
5227:
5225:
5218:
5202:
5198:
5189:
5187:
5180:
5164:
5160:
5151:
5147:
5142:Wayback Machine
5128:
5124:
5104:
5100:
5091:
5087:
5078:
5076:
5069:
5046:
5042:
5017:
5013:
4988:
4984:
4964:
4960:
4939:
4935:
4914:
4910:
4897:
4893:
4872:
4868:
4863:Wayback Machine
4842:
4838:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4816:
4812:
4811:
4807:
4786:
4782:
4761:
4757:
4751:Wayback Machine
4742:
4738:
4729:
4727:
4725:
4709:
4705:
4696:
4694:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4671:
4669:
4661:
4657:
4648:
4646:
4637:
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4632:
4624:
4622:
4611:
4607:
4598:
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4583:
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4564:
4563:
4559:
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4542:
4532:
4528:
4519:
4515:
4503:
4501:
4479:
4475:
4466:
4464:
4457:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4426:
4424:
4409:
4405:
4393:
4391:
4378:
4377:
4373:
4368:
4364:
4359:
4355:
4341:Barones Minores
4337:
4333:
4324:
4322:
4309:
4305:
4293:Wayback Machine
4271:
4267:
4258:
4254:
4245:
4243:
4234:
4233:
4229:
4222:
4199:
4195:
4186:
4184:
4177:
4161:
4157:
4135:
4131:
4121:
4119:
4106:
4105:
4101:
4095:Wayback Machine
4082:
4078:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4057:
4049:. p. 243.
4042:
4034:Lukowski, Jerzy
4031:
4027:
4013:
4011:
4007:
3974:
3968:
3964:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3913:
3904:
3900:
3891:
3889:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3785:Noblesse oblige
3703:Ascribed status
3688:
3673:Samoan nobility
3663:Fijian nobility
3654:
3597:Polish nobility
3524:German nobility
3519:French nobility
3504:Danish nobility
3407:English peerage
3392:British peerage
3372:Baltic nobility
3358:
3319:Korean nobility
3288:Minamoto family
3283:Fujiwara family
3207:
3152:
3139:Somali nobility
3079:Malian nobility
3019:
3014:
3007:
2993:
2872:
2866:
2795:
2789:
2737:Angélica Larrea
2730:
2716:, but also the
2678:
2536:
2522:, were more of
2456:
2350:
2301:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2222:imperial yellow
2199:
2198:
2197:
2189:
2188:
2180:
2179:
2171:
2170:
2159:
2086:
2078:Main articles:
2076:
1974:
1953:
1930:Kung Tsui-chang
1822:
1716:
1709:
1671:
1590:
1563:political elite
1475:
1380:Malagasy people
1350:
1334:Mikael of Wollo
1275:Le'ul Dejazmach
1257:. The title of
1137:Zemene Mesafint
1122:Ethiopia has a
1108:
1079:Zulfikar family
1071:De Souza family
1045:
969:
922:of France, the
842:, 18th century.
821:seize quartiers
784:noblesse d'épée
709:Polish magnates
698:Polish magnates
691:
685:
601:
595:
493:
322:
304:
144:
133:
127:
124:
81:
79:
69:
57:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7497:
7487:
7486:
7484:Social classes
7481:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7449:
7448:
7445:
7444:
7442:
7441:
7436:
7430:
7428:Samoan Islands
7424:
7422:
7416:
7415:
7413:
7412:
7406:
7404:
7398:
7397:
7395:
7394:
7388:
7386:
7380:
7379:
7377:
7376:
7369:
7367:
7358:
7352:
7351:
7348:
7347:
7345:
7344:
7343:
7342:
7337:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7278:
7277:
7272:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7241:
7239:
7233:
7232:
7230:
7229:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7201:
7199:
7195:
7194:
7192:
7191:
7190:
7189:
7187:United Kingdom
7184:
7183:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7146:United Kingdom
7143:
7138:
7132:
7131:
7130:
7125:
7117:
7110:
7108:
7104:
7103:
7101:
7100:
7094:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7071:
7069:
7062:
7058:
7057:
7054:
7053:
7051:
7050:
7045:
7039:
7034:
7028:
7022:
7016:
7015:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6990:
6988:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6980:
6979:
6978:
6973:
6964:
6962:
6958:
6957:
6955:
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6930:
6923:
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6908:
6902:
6900:
6896:
6895:
6893:
6892:
6887:
6881:
6879:
6872:
6868:
6867:
6864:
6863:
6861:
6860:
6854:
6852:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6844:
6839:
6838:
6837:
6835:post-Columbian
6832:
6824:
6817:
6815:
6808:
6804:
6803:
6796:
6794:
6792:
6791:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6769:
6768:
6758:
6753:
6747:
6746:
6745:
6734:
6732:
6728:
6727:
6720:
6717:
6716:
6708:
6707:
6700:
6693:
6685:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6672:
6661:
6658:
6657:
6654:
6653:
6650:
6649:
6647:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6629:Ottoman Empire
6626:
6621:
6616:
6614:Ancient Greece
6611:
6605:
6603:
6599:
6598:
6596:
6595:
6590:
6588:United Kingdom
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6499:
6497:
6491:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6483:
6481:Home-ownership
6478:
6473:
6467:
6465:
6459:
6458:
6456:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6434:
6432:
6426:
6425:
6423:
6422:
6421:
6420:
6415:
6405:
6404:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6383:
6382:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6360:
6358:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6336:American Dream
6333:
6327:
6321:
6311:
6310:
6298:
6297:
6294:
6293:
6290:
6289:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6282:
6277:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6249:
6240:
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6230:
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6222:
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6213:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6181:
6179:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6153:
6152:
6141:
6139:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6123:
6121:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6111:
6104:
6095:
6090:
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6080:
6079:
6078:
6073:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6042:
6040:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6030:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5960:
5958:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5932:
5931:
5920:
5918:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5908:
5903:
5902:
5901:
5896:
5895:
5894:
5879:
5878:
5877:
5872:
5864:
5863:
5862:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5841:
5840:
5829:
5827:
5818:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5779:
5777:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5748:Migrant worker
5745:
5740:
5739:
5738:
5728:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5701:
5700:
5699:
5694:
5684:
5678:
5676:
5668:
5667:
5664:By demographic
5655:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5647:
5644:Status Anxiety
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5598:Ranked society
5595:
5590:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5540:Class conflict
5537:
5532:
5526:
5524:
5523: topics
5518:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5497:Mudsill theory
5494:
5489:
5484:
5478:
5476:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5464:
5457:
5450:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5417:
5410:
5402:
5396:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5378:Worldwidewords
5375:
5370:
5362:
5361:External links
5359:
5356:
5355:
5344:. 4 April 2023
5329:
5299:
5272:
5254:
5234:
5216:
5196:
5178:
5158:
5145:
5122:
5098:
5085:
5067:
5040:
5011:
4982:
4958:
4933:
4908:
4891:
4866:
4836:
4805:
4793:978-9711000004
4780:
4755:
4736:
4723:
4703:
4678:
4655:
4630:
4605:
4581:
4557:
4526:
4520:Robert Lacey,
4513:
4473:
4455:
4436:
4403:
4371:
4362:
4353:
4331:
4303:
4272:An opinion of
4265:
4263:, London, 1995
4252:
4227:
4220:
4193:
4175:
4155:
4140:, ed. (1911).
4138:Chisholm, Hugh
4129:
4099:
4076:
4055:
4025:
3962:
3898:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3837:
3832:
3830:Princely state
3827:
3825:Petty nobility
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3759:
3754:
3751:
3746:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3680:
3675:
3665:
3660:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3646:Swiss nobility
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3611:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3570:Black Nobility
3562:
3560:Irish nobility
3557:
3552:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3509:Dutch nobility
3506:
3501:
3499:Czech nobility
3496:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3436:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3384:
3379:
3369:
3364:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3341:
3339:Ottoman titles
3336:
3331:
3329:Malay nobility
3326:
3321:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3275:
3270:
3260:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3231:Basnyat family
3223:
3218:
3213:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3178:
3173:
3171:Cuban nobility
3168:
3163:
3158:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3018:
3015:
2992:
2989:
2892:Spanish Empire
2890:rulers of the
2882:to the future
2880:Mexican Empire
2868:Main article:
2865:
2862:
2791:Main article:
2788:
2785:
2729:
2726:
2677:
2674:
2670:Peer of France
2608:House of Lords
2554:. Originally,
2535:
2532:
2463:Heraldic Crown
2455:
2449:
2427:Spanish Empire
2349:
2346:
2309:Spanish Empire
2300:
2297:
2228:royal and his
2201:
2200:
2191:
2190:
2182:
2181:
2173:
2172:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2145:, a five-rank
2135:Following the
2075:
2072:
2062:, of maternal
2051:Ottoman Empire
1985:House of Abaza
1973:
1970:
1952:
1949:
1872:Three Kingdoms
1853:Zhou dynasties
1821:
1818:
1788:suggests that
1778:Gorkha Kingdom
1723:Maratha Peshwa
1713:princely state
1708:
1705:
1651:, royalty and
1589:
1586:
1474:
1471:
1349:
1346:
1263:cadet branches
1162:Awsa sultanate
1154:Adal Sultanate
1107:
1104:
1087:Sherbro Tucker
1044:
1041:
968:
965:
892:petty nobility
856:family history
725:, and usually
687:Main article:
684:
681:
673:House of Lords
665:letters patent
597:Main article:
594:
591:
589:in republics.
578:discriminatory
574:special rights
537:or within his
501:feudal society
492:
489:
394:, "new man").
303:
300:
246:Roman Republic
232:in Europe. In
210:Dutch Republic
156:House of Lords
146:
145:
60:
58:
51:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7496:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7461:
7459:
7440:
7437:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7425:
7423:
7421:
7417:
7411:
7408:
7407:
7405:
7403:
7399:
7393:
7390:
7389:
7387:
7385:
7381:
7374:
7371:
7370:
7368:
7366:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7353:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7332:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7270:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7242:
7240:
7234:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7206:
7203:
7202:
7200:
7196:
7188:
7185:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7167:
7165:
7163:
7162:Great Britain
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7136:
7133:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7112:
7111:
7109:
7105:
7098:
7095:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7076:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7066:
7063:
7059:
7049:
7046:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7032:
7029:
7026:
7023:
7020:
7017:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6994:
6992:
6991:
6989:
6985:
6977:
6976:Indo-European
6974:
6972:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6965:
6963:
6959:
6951:
6950:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6940:
6938:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6928:
6924:
6922:
6921:
6917:
6916:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6903:
6901:
6897:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6882:
6880:
6876:
6873:
6869:
6859:
6856:
6855:
6853:
6849:
6843:
6840:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6830:pre-Columbian
6828:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6819:
6818:
6816:
6812:
6809:
6805:
6800:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6767:
6764:
6763:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6751:
6748:
6744:
6741:
6740:
6739:
6736:
6735:
6733:
6729:
6724:
6718:
6713:
6706:
6701:
6699:
6694:
6692:
6687:
6686:
6683:
6671:
6663:
6662:
6659:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6606:
6604:
6600:
6594:
6593:United States
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6498:
6494:Other regions
6492:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6468:
6466:
6464:
6460:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6433:
6431:
6427:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6409:
6406:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6388:
6387:
6384:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6366:
6365:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6357:
6353:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6328:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6319:United States
6316:
6312:
6303:
6299:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6225:
6223:
6221:
6217:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6182:
6180:
6178:
6174:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6151:
6148:
6147:
6146:
6143:
6142:
6140:
6138:
6134:
6128:
6125:
6124:
6122:
6120:
6116:
6110:
6109:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6068:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6041:
6039:
6035:
6029:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5957:
5953:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5919:
5917:
5913:
5907:
5904:
5900:
5897:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5888:
5885:
5884:
5883:
5880:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5839:
5836:
5835:
5834:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5826:
5822:
5819:
5815:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5770:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5758:Socioeconomic
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5732:
5729:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5705:
5702:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5689:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5660:
5656:
5646:
5645:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5633:Social stigma
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5623:Social orphan
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5588:
5583:
5582:
5581:Nouveau riche
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5555:Class traitor
5553:
5551:
5550:Class society
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5519:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5487:Gilbert model
5485:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5463:
5462:
5458:
5456:
5455:
5451:
5449:
5448:
5444:
5443:
5440:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5423:
5418:
5416:
5411:
5409:
5404:
5403:
5400:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5368:
5365:
5364:
5343:
5339:
5333:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5303:
5296:
5292:
5289:
5285:
5281:
5276:
5261:
5257:
5255:9782130353447
5251:
5247:
5246:
5238:
5223:
5219:
5217:9782346228201
5213:
5209:
5208:
5200:
5185:
5181:
5179:0-521-42528-X
5175:
5171:
5170:
5162:
5155:
5149:
5143:
5139:
5136:
5132:
5126:
5119:
5118:2-213-02148-1
5115:
5111:
5107:
5102:
5095:
5089:
5074:
5070:
5068:9788487204548
5064:
5060:
5059:
5055:
5050:
5044:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5021:
5015:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4986:
4979:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4962:
4955:
4954:9788487204548
4951:
4947:
4943:
4937:
4930:
4929:9788487204548
4926:
4922:
4918:
4912:
4905:
4901:
4895:
4888:
4887:9788487204548
4884:
4880:
4876:
4870:
4864:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4846:
4840:
4822:
4815:
4809:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4784:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4759:
4752:
4748:
4745:
4740:
4726:
4720:
4716:
4715:
4707:
4693:on 2019-02-20
4692:
4688:
4682:
4668:
4667:
4659:
4644:
4640:
4634:
4620:
4616:
4609:
4595:
4591:
4585:
4571:
4567:
4561:
4553:
4547:
4539:
4538:
4530:
4523:
4517:
4510:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4486:
4477:
4462:
4458:
4456:9781412838351
4452:
4448:
4447:
4440:
4433:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4407:
4400:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4375:
4366:
4357:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4335:
4320:
4316:
4315:
4307:
4300:
4299:
4294:
4290:
4287:
4283:
4280:
4275:
4269:
4262:
4256:
4241:
4237:
4231:
4223:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4197:
4182:
4178:
4176:0-521-42528-X
4172:
4168:
4167:
4159:
4151:
4150:
4144:
4139:
4133:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4103:
4096:
4092:
4089:
4085:
4080:
4066:on 2018-09-15
4062:
4058:
4056:0-333-74440-3
4052:
4048:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4029:
4021:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3973:
3966:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3912:
3908:
3902:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3869:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3847:Royal descent
3845:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3740:
3739:Grand Burgher
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3679:
3678:Tongan nobles
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3439:Irish peerage
3437:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3376:Baltic German
3374:– ethnically
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3351:
3350:Thai nobility
3348:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3236:Kunwar family
3234:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3176:Kuraka (Peru)
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3012:
3005:
3000:
2998:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2934:conquistadors
2931:
2927:
2923:
2922:pre-Columbian
2919:
2916:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2808:
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2799:
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2750:
2742:
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2725:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2684:
2676:Latin America
2673:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2648:
2647:Scottish ones
2644:
2643:English peers
2640:
2636:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2599:
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2592:
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2517:
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2296:
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2266:
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2260:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2203:Left to right
2195:
2186:
2177:
2168:
2154:
2152:
2151:Imperial Diet
2148:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2126:warrior class
2123:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1972:Islamic world
1969:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1922:Duke Yansheng
1919:
1914:
1912:
1907:
1905:
1900:
1898:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1744:. During the
1743:
1739:
1735:
1732:Historically
1727:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1701:
1696:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1594:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1493:Contemporary
1488:
1484:
1479:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1401:Betsimisaraka
1397:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1363:
1362:Merina people
1359:
1354:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1307:Zagwe dynasty
1304:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1184:Ministerialis
1180:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1150:nəgusä nägäst
1147:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1117:
1112:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1055:Keita dynasty
1052:
1051:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1004:English idiom
1001:
997:
991:
987:
984:
980:
977:
973:
964:
962:
958:
954:
949:
947:
943:
937:
935:
931:
927:
926:
921:
920:
915:
914:
909:
908:British Isles
905:
904:landed gentry
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
884:
879:
874:
872:
866:
861:
857:
853:
849:
841:
837:
836:Ferenc József
832:
828:
826:
822:
818:
817:William Doyle
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
797:
796:ancien régime
792:
791:
786:
785:
780:
776:
772:
771:
766:
765:
760:
759:
753:
751:
750:primogeniture
746:
745:
740:
736:
732:
731:primogeniture
728:
724:
720:
719:
710:
706:
699:
695:
690:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
661:
660:
653:
650:
649:
648:ancien régime
642:
636:
629:
623:
619:In France, a
614:
610:
605:
600:
590:
588:
583:
579:
575:
570:
568:
564:
559:
557:
553:
549:
548:
542:
541:
536:
532:
528:
525:Prior to the
523:
520:
516:
511:
502:
497:
488:
486:
482:
481:United States
478:
474:
470:
466:
461:
458:
457:
451:
446:
444:
443:landed gentry
440:
436:
432:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
403:feudal system
400:
395:
392:
391:
385:
381:
377:
376:
371:
368:
364:
359:
358:
352:
348:
346:
340:
339:abstract noun
336:
334:
316:
308:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
271:
267:
265:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
241:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
206:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
169:
165:
161:
157:
152:
142:
139:
131:
120:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89: –
88:
84:
83:Find sources:
77:
73:
67:
66:
61:This article
59:
55:
50:
49:
44:
40:
33:
19:
7269:Ritterschaft
7267:
7238:and Caucasus
6947:
6925:
6918:
6725:still exists
6711:
6644:Soviet Union
6619:Ancient Rome
6476:Homelessness
6401:Upper Middle
6273: /
6254: /
6245: /
6210:Working poor
6106:
6093:Robber baron
6065:
5916:Intellectual
5906:Royal family
5870:Ancient Rome
5724:second-class
5642:
5585:
5584: /
5579:
5575:High society
5482:Elite theory
5459:
5452:
5445:
5432:Social class
5346:. Retrieved
5341:
5332:
5321:. Retrieved
5312:
5302:
5283:
5275:
5264:. Retrieved
5244:
5237:
5226:. Retrieved
5210:. Hachette.
5206:
5199:
5188:. Retrieved
5168:
5161:
5153:
5148:
5130:
5125:
5109:
5101:
5093:
5088:
5077:. Retrieved
5057:
5053:
5043:
5019:
5014:
4990:
4985:
4977:
4971:
4967:
4965:
4961:
4945:
4940:
4936:
4920:
4915:
4911:
4903:
4899:
4894:
4878:
4873:
4869:
4853:
4849:
4843:
4839:
4828:. Retrieved
4808:
4783:
4775:
4767:
4763:
4758:
4739:
4728:. Retrieved
4713:
4706:
4695:. Retrieved
4691:the original
4681:
4670:. Retrieved
4665:
4658:
4647:. Retrieved
4645:. 2014-03-26
4642:
4633:
4623:, retrieved
4619:한국민족문화대백과사전
4618:
4608:
4597:. Retrieved
4593:
4584:
4573:. Retrieved
4569:
4560:
4536:
4529:
4522:Aristocrats.
4521:
4516:
4508:
4502:. Retrieved
4483:
4476:
4465:. Retrieved
4445:
4439:
4431:
4425:. Retrieved
4416:
4406:
4398:
4392:. Retrieved
4383:
4374:
4365:
4356:
4348:
4340:
4334:
4323:. Retrieved
4313:
4306:
4296:
4282:King of Arms
4268:
4260:
4255:
4244:. Retrieved
4230:
4206:
4196:
4185:. Retrieved
4165:
4158:
4147:
4132:
4120:. Retrieved
4112:The Guardian
4111:
4102:
4084:Country Life
4079:
4068:. Retrieved
4061:the original
4038:
4028:
4018:– via
4014:15 September
4012:. Retrieved
3978:
3965:
3955:15 September
3953:. Retrieved
3921:
3917:
3901:
3890:. Retrieved
3881:
3872:
3839:
3757:Kaji (Nepal)
3742:
3298:Taira family
3251:Thapa family
3246:Rana dynasty
3241:Pande family
3226:Kaji (Nepal)
2994:
2985:hierarchical
2970:
2966:prerogatives
2912:
2901:
2857:high treason
2846:
2831:
2815:colonial era
2812:
2770:
2768:
2753:
2746:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2651:
2632:
2616:
2600:
2594:
2584:
2549:
2528:suzerainties
2524:potectorates
2504:overlordship
2496:
2488:
2452:
2442:
2440:
2420:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2392:
2383:encomenderos
2371:
2327:
2320:
2302:
2280:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2253:
2250:pre-colonial
2243:
2237:
2202:
2140:
2134:
2129:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2060:Abaza family
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2007:
2001:
1990:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1954:
1946:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1897:Qing dynasty
1894:
1891:
1880:
1865:
1861:Song dynasty
1846:
1842:
1829:
1823:
1793:
1789:
1765:
1731:
1726:Madhavrao II
1700:Farrukhsiyar
1664:
1660:
1567:
1551:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1511:
1492:
1483:Emir of Kano
1466:
1464:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1423:
1419:Antambahoaka
1417:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1383:
1373:
1367:
1337:
1328:
1326:
1314:
1310:
1300:
1286:
1278:
1274:
1273:were titled
1270:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1196:
1192:
1182:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1149:
1135:
1121:
1091:Sierra Leone
1048:
1046:
1036:
1031:Robert Lacey
1029:
1012:royal family
1007:
999:
998:
995:
950:
938:
929:
923:
917:
911:
881:
875:
845:
825:coat of arms
820:
794:
788:
782:
781:origin, the
768:
762:
756:
754:
742:
718:fons honorum
716:
714:
659:fons honorum
654:
618:
609:Országgyűlés
571:
560:
552:jurisdiction
545:
538:
524:
519:manual labor
506:
473:Iron Curtain
465:legal status
462:
447:
439:British land
427:
396:
379:
369:
342:
330:
328:
274:
270:Roman Empire
261:
237:
230:Vatican City
207:
203:
174:
173:
134:
125:
115:
108:
101:
94:
82:
70:Please help
65:verification
62:
7365:Australasia
7141:Switzerland
7037:Philippines
6993:Indonesia*
6563:New Zealand
6280:Untouchable
6205:Proletariat
6195:Pea-pickers
6145:Bourgeoisie
5833:Aristocracy
5719:naturalized
5714:native-born
5286:, 11th ed.
4615:"탐라국 (耽羅國)"
3928:: 238–261.
3790:Noble women
3487:Phanariotes
3434:Welsh Peers
3344:Principalía
2938:descendants
2756:upper class
2595:bourgeoisie
2587:Renaissance
2552:Middle Ages
2483:Boxer Codex
2423:Don or Doña
2362:Philippines
2358:Principalía
2322:principalía
2317:Catholicism
2240:Philippines
2207:Boxer Codex
2157:Philippines
2124:, an elite
2049:During the
2043:family name
1883:Sui dynasty
1868:Han dynasty
1857:Qin dynasty
1758:British Raj
1738:warriorhood
1672: 1890
1663:. A Korean
1570:chieftaincy
1293:Menen Asfaw
1279:Dejazmaches
1271:Le'ul Rases
1132:Tewodros II
1008:sangre azul
967:Other terms
953:con artists
894:, although
805:quarterings
628:Seigneuries
599:Ennoblement
593:Ennoblement
582:meritocracy
556:private war
540:seigneurial
323: 1774
199:patrilineal
179:aristocracy
128:August 2020
7458:Categories
7402:Micronesia
7307:Montenegro
7255:Azerbaijan
6773:Madagascar
6553:Luxembourg
6443:Inequality
6108:Superclass
5899:Hereditary
5875:Post-Roman
5866:Patrician
5736:adolescent
5560:Classicide
5323:2020-03-07
5266:2020-11-02
5228:2020-11-02
5190:2015-10-23
5079:2020-11-02
4830:2015-07-28
4730:2024-04-03
4697:2024-04-03
4672:2024-04-03
4649:2024-04-03
4625:2024-06-08
4599:2024-06-08
4575:2024-06-08
4504:2020-09-15
4467:2015-10-23
4427:2020-09-15
4394:2020-09-15
4384:HathiTrust
4325:2013-01-06
4286:challenged
4259:W. Doyle,
4246:2013-04-16
4202:Pine, L.G.
4187:2015-10-23
4122:30 October
4070:2018-09-15
3934:2142/11694
3892:2018-10-24
3864:References
3795:Nze na Ozo
3743:Großbürger
3123:Nze na Ozo
2936:and their
2918:indigenous
2904:hereditary
2724:nobility.
2718:Portuguese
2645:, and 154
2444:alguaciles
2068:Circassian
2058:clan, the
1746:Mughal era
1686:in Lhasa,
1578:knighthood
1568:Holding a
1527:Nze na Ozo
1413:Bezanozano
1370:Madagascar
1348:Madagascar
1311:Shum Agame
1299:in Wollo;
1254:Balambaras
1242:Qenyazmach
1231:Fit'awrari
1160:, and the
1134:ended the
1016:Visigothic
1000:Blue blood
961:usurpation
852:armigerous
764:parlements
723:legitimate
711:1697–1795.
700:1576–1586.
635:ipso facto
622:seigneurie
485:usurpation
456:ipso facto
431:leadership
415:allegiance
390:novus homo
384:consulship
363:patricians
296:life peers
284:honorifics
250:consulship
228:, and the
226:San Marino
195:hereditary
191:precedence
166:and those
98:newspapers
87:"Nobility"
7479:Oligarchy
7474:Feudalism
7420:Polynesia
7384:Melanesia
7373:Australia
7335:Ruthenian
7275:Lithuania
6987:Southeast
6714:by nation
6578:Sri Lanka
6471:Education
6438:Household
6331:Affluence
6266:Rat tribe
6228:Ant tribe
6200:Precariat
6185:Lazzaroni
6127:Bohemians
6088:Overclass
6083:Old money
6019:Spartiate
5994:Kshatriya
5984:Hashashin
5941:Professor
5882:Political
5855:Oligarchy
5845:Hanseaten
5763:Stateless
5743:Convicted
5675:By status
5638:Subaltern
5570:Euthenics
5502:New class
5367:WW-Person
5036:769945242
5007:769945242
4956:, p. 234.
4931:, p. 232.
4889:, p. 235.
4803:, p. 118.
4546:cite book
4279:Lord Lyon
4001:149906044
3741:(German:
3729:Gentleman
3719:Debutante
2987:society.
2942:Philip II
2898:(Mexico).
2896:New Spain
2817:with the
2416:New World
2387:governors
2303:Upon the
2285:Indonesia
2272:(and its
2034:ed-Dowleh
1918:Confucius
1762:zamindars
1754:provinces
1619:) of the
1613:Jagirdars
1582:honorific
1431:The word
1407:Tsimihety
1342:Lij Iyasu
1318:Sabagadis
1315:Dejazmach
1259:Le'ul Ras
1226:Dejazmach
1142:Abyssinia
1050:sharifian
865:vis-à-vis
758:bourgeois
744:grandezas
727:male-line
587:decorated
567:gentleman
531:commoners
411:vassalage
401:. In the
333:nobilitas
268:. In the
258:plebeians
7464:Nobility
7331:Ukraine
7221:Portugal
7205:Holy See
7166:Ireland
7157:Scotland
7042:Thailand
7031:Cambodia
7019:Malaysia
7007:Javanese
6997:Balinese
6943:Nobility
6911:Mongolia
6807:Americas
6756:Ethiopia
6750:Eswatini
6723:monarchy
6712:Nobility
6670:Category
6602:Historic
6523:Colombia
6513:Cambodia
6448:Personal
6346:Mobility
6275:Freedman
6261:Plebeian
6247:Prisoner
6233:Commoner
6119:Creative
6100:Seigneur
6066:Nobility
6024:Vanniyar
6009:Pendekar
5969:Cossacks
5603:Snobbery
5475:Theories
5317:Archived
5291:Archived
5282:(1896).
5260:Archived
5222:Archived
5184:Archived
5138:Archived
5073:Archived
5051:(1993).
4859:Archived
4821:Archived
4747:Archived
4498:Archived
4494:33328020
4461:Archived
4421:Archived
4388:Archived
4349:noblesse
4319:Archived
4289:Archived
4240:Archived
4204:(1992).
4181:Archived
4116:Archived
4091:Archived
4005:Archived
3985:: 1–28.
3946:Archived
3942:23062619
3909:(1978).
3886:Archived
3749:Heraldry
3686:See also
3602:Magnates
3531:Freiherr
3458:Baronets
3186:Pipiltin
3150:Americas
3055:Jantirar
2888:Habsburg
2542:Russian
2518:and the
2451:Current
2408:"nobles"
2403:Academia
2399:Academia
2379:caciques
2338:hidalgos
2289:Malaysia
2102:Minamoto
2070:origin.
2039:Shahzada
1994:Muhammad
1904:literati
1834:dynastic
1806:Jagirdar
1698:Emperor
1690:in 1936.
1617:Mankaris
1558:viceroys
1536:and the
1467:Andriana
1450:Andriana
1445:Andriana
1441:Javanese
1437:Andriana
1433:Andriana
1425:Antemoro
1422:and the
1395:Betsileo
1384:Andriana
1375:Andriana
1297:Ambassel
1288:Jantirar
1236:Grazmach
1203:Begemder
1193:Mesafint
1173:Mekwanin
1169:Mesafint
1146:imamates
1124:nobility
1114:Emperor
1106:Ethiopia
1089:clan of
1085:and the
1067:Ethiopia
925:hidalgos
896:baronets
883:Szlachta
860:Scotland
848:heraldry
813:medieval
779:knightly
563:duelling
479:and the
419:suzerain
175:Nobility
7439:Hawai‘i
7356:Oceania
7340:Galicia
7317:Romania
7302:Hungary
7297:Germany
7292:Georgia
7287:Bohemia
7282:Croatia
7260:Austria
7250:Armenia
7245:Albania
7175:Ireland
7152:England
7123:Kingdom
7119:France
7114:Belgium
7086:Iceland
7081:Finland
7075:Denmark
7048:Vietnam
7002:Chinese
6971:Princes
6949:Yangban
6915:Japan*
6885:Lebanon
6826:Mexico
6788:Morocco
6778:Somalia
6761:Nigeria
6743:Mamluks
6573:Romania
6568:Nigeria
6453:Poverty
6356:Classes
6341:History
6252:Peasant
6238:Outcast
6177:Working
6157:Burgher
6014:Samurai
6004:Ocēlōtl
5964:Chhetri
5956:Warrior
5946:Scholar
5860:Russian
5850:Magnate
5838:Aristoi
5817:By type
5704:Citizen
5697:refugee
5593:Poverty
5587:Parvenu
5521:Related
5492:Marxian
5454:Stratum
5313:El País
5156:(2011).
4968:cacique
4801:9259667
4613:김, 종업,
4590:"우리역사넷"
4413:"Helen"
4386:: 813.
4345:peerage
3820:Peerage
3775:Magnate
3652:Oceania
3463:Knights
3198:holding
2930:mestizo
2926:Spanish
2754:Criollo
2751:to the
2749:Bolivia
2728:Bolivia
2701:Quechua
2666:Grandee
2633:In the
2623:Castile
2556:knights
2414:of the
2393:At the
2375:Segovia
2342:Castile
2277:cognate
2230:consort
2226:Tagalog
2215:Visayan
2211:Visayan
2147:peerage
2121:samurai
1998:Quraysh
1983:of the
1942:Yan Hui
1934:Mencius
1895:In the
1881:By the
1836:rules,
1810:Mankari
1734:Rajputs
1659:called
1657:litters
1653:yangban
1609:Sardars
1598:Maratha
1574:peerage
1542:of the
1530:of the
1518:of the
1495:Nigeria
1473:Nigeria
1302:Wagshum
1265:of the
1187:of the
946:peerage
934:Benelux
913:Junkers
906:of the
790:parvenu
669:peerage
515:estates
357:nobiles
345:nobilis
302:History
264:nobiles
240:nobiles
183:royalty
112:scholar
18:Ennoble
7327:Serbia
7322:Russia
7312:Poland
7180:Norman
7170:Gaelic
7128:Empire
7097:Sweden
7091:Norway
7061:Europe
7025:Brunei
6967:India
6939:Korea
6927:Daimyō
6890:Turkey
6858:Brazil
6821:Canada
6766:Rulers
6731:Africa
6528:France
6508:Belize
6503:Africa
6430:Income
6386:Middle
6379:Gentry
6243:Outlaw
6150:Petite
6137:Middle
6071:Landed
6056:Gentry
5989:Knight
5929:Priest
5924:Clergy
5887:Family
5825:Ruling
5774:collar
5731:Clique
5447:Status
5348:27 Jan
5252:
5214:
5176:
5135:online
5116:
5065:
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5005:
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4492:
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4173:
4053:
3999:
3940:
3800:Ogboni
3753:Honour
3734:Gentry
3619:Boyars
3543:Junker
3427:Lairds
3422:Barons
3356:Europe
3273:Kazoku
3268:Daimyō
3111:Ogboni
3099:Hakimi
3094:Lamido
3017:Africa
2915:ruling
2864:Mexico
2787:Brazil
2722:French
2710:Brazil
2706:Mexico
2698:, and
2689:Aztecs
2683:Aymara
2654:gentry
2627:France
2544:boyars
2534:Europe
2412:Indies
2293:Brunei
2259:Sultan
2142:kazoku
2130:daimyō
2115:daimyō
2064:Abazin
2047:Zarabi
2009:Sharif
2003:Sayyid
1938:Zengzi
1802:Sardar
1798:Thakur
1770:Nepali
1750:Nawabs
1637:Kerala
1601:Durbar
1524:, the
1521:Yoruba
1515:Ogboni
1497:has a
1416:, the
1410:, the
1404:, the
1398:, the
1392:, the
1389:Merina
1329:entrée
1309:; and
1248:Azmach
1213:, and
1211:Gojjam
1156:, the
1077:, the
1069:, the
1061:, the
1043:Africa
1002:is an
988:, the
930:nobili
900:gentry
775:landed
677:entail
547:taille
510:per se
477:Mexico
375:gentes
337:, the
288:vidame
280:styles
236:, the
114:
107:
100:
93:
85:
7433:Tonga
7226:Spain
7216:Malta
7211:Italy
7198:South
7068:North
7012:Malay
6961:South
6933:Meiji
6906:China
6851:South
6814:North
6738:Egypt
6624:Aztec
6583:Tibet
6558:Nepal
6548:Italy
6538:India
6533:Haiti
6518:China
6418:Under
6413:Lower
6391:Black
6374:Donor
6369:Black
6364:Upper
6271:Slave
6220:Under
6076:Petty
6051:Elite
6038:Upper
5979:Harii
5974:Cuāuh
5808:White
5788:Green
5687:Alien
5530:Caste
4824:(PDF)
4817:(PDF)
4064:(PDF)
4043:(PDF)
4008:(PDF)
3997:S2CID
3975:(PDF)
3949:(PDF)
3938:JSTOR
3914:(PDF)
3882:Vogue
3805:Pasha
3713:Caste
3028:Kgosi
2560:serfs
2281:Datok
2274:Malay
2265:Rajah
2218:royal
2074:Japan
2022:Mirza
1960:)'.
1951:Korea
1920:, as
1849:Shang
1838:rules
1830:Taizi
1820:China
1814:Dewan
1794:Karyi
1688:Tibet
1649:Korea
1621:state
1356:King
1338:Negus
1322:Agame
1215:Wollo
1207:Shewa
1198:Negus
1083:Egypt
1075:Benin
1020:Moors
983:Baron
976:Count
955:sell
951:Some
888:baron
809:court
641:comte
535:manor
435:Tonga
423:caste
119:JSTOR
105:books
39:Honor
7392:Fiji
7107:West
6920:Kuge
6899:East
6878:West
6871:Asia
6842:Cuba
6543:Iran
6256:Serf
6061:Lord
5999:Nair
5892:List
5803:Pink
5793:Grey
5783:Blue
5772:By "
5350:2024
5250:ISBN
5212:ISBN
5174:ISBN
5114:ISBN
5063:ISBN
5032:OCLC
5024:ISBN
5003:OCLC
4995:ISBN
4950:ISBN
4925:ISBN
4883:ISBN
4797:OCLC
4789:ISBN
4719:ISBN
4552:link
4490:OCLC
4451:ISBN
4216:ISBN
4171:ISBN
4124:2021
4051:ISBN
4016:2018
3957:2018
3835:Raja
3761:King
3708:Baig
3538:Graf
3278:Kuge
3205:Asia
2971:The
2946:1573
2720:and
2708:and
2695:Maya
2573:The
2479:datu
2291:and
2270:Datu
2262:and
2245:Datu
2084:Kuge
2082:and
2066:and
2037:and
2028:Khan
2017:Iran
2006:and
1851:and
1790:Kaji
1774:काजी
1766:Kaji
1665:gama
1661:gama
1633:Nair
1605:Raja
1588:Asia
1556:and
1545:Efik
1539:Ekpe
1533:Igbo
1481:The
1251:and
1181:the
1097:and
1059:Mali
737:and
407:fief
365:and
278:and
197:and
154:The
91:news
5798:New
4972:don
4902:in
4852:in
4766:in
3987:doi
3930:hdl
3118:Eze
3106:Oba
3050:Ras
2944:in
2668:or
2526:or
2465:of
2340:of
2254:Apo
2015:In
1682:An
1647:In
1462:).
1456:cf.
1220:Ras
1178:cf.
1081:of
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