96:(sleeveless tunic) flanked by Mary and Saint John the Theologian. On either side of Christ head there is a sun and moon and Greek text which says "Here is your son...Here is your Mother" and each figure is called out by name; Mother of God, Jesus, and John. Christ eyes are open and appears to be alive which is an important dating factor, as 9th century crucifixion scenes often detailed Christ's eyes closed, a crown of thorns, bleeding hands and feet, and the skull of Adam. Bordering the Crucifixion scene are 14 saints who are depicted subtly different from one another, starting from the top left going counter clockwise they are: Saint Demetrios,
20:
223:
28:
2060:
235:
true cross relic. The relic was taken out and worn on a necklace by Pope
Innocent IV. Pope Innocent IV presented the relic to his new basilica, San Salvatore di Lavagna, in 1245 (where it still resides) and the box became an heirloom of the Fieschi Family. The relic and reliquary have never been put together. Based on the dimensions presented of the reliquary and cross relic here is a diagram that shows that the relic could fit within the reliquary.
2051:
155:(which mimics the front lid); and the bottom right, the Anastasis (Christ descent into Hell) scene pulling Adam and Eve out of Hell. Greek text within the scenes translates to, "Hail, full of grace!" and "Here is your son...Here is your mother." The lid was only removed by intimate viewers, so these scenes might have been more privileged. The interior of the box is divided by a
198:. The saints along the sides are represented with great variance, despite the approximately one square inch space, making distinguishes between color of eyes, hair style, and facial hair. The base of the container is gold stamped with a dot pattern into a shape of a Latin cross, with circular or disc shaped ends.
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whose hands were burnt after defying to destroy and renounce his craft. The
Fieschi Morgan Staurotheke is an object that offers one perspective of art created after the decline in religious crafts. The trade of skilled artisans needed to be outsourced beyond the Byzantine empire and outside the purge
234:
in 1204, as many precious art pieces entered western Europe. It was also common that monks traveling west would give gifts to the monasteries. A theory of the relic being separated from the reliquary was due to its poor craftsmanship or creation by an immature student and was not worthy to house the
59:
in style and purpose. The physical material of icons and the content within the reliquary were believed to contained a spirit or energy. It was believed that reliquaries contained great power, thus explains its preservation throughout the years. There are numerous theories of where this piece was
238:
Another theory is that the reliquary was never brought to the west but was created in the west. Evidence of enamel coloring and the art practice being revived in Rome supports this theory. In addition, Saint
Lawrence, depicted on the reliquary was a popular saint in the west beginning in the 5th
201:
Overall, the box is small in size and packs in many narratives and figures. Its cloisonne is considered crude and lettering is botched for
Byzantine standards. Other scholars have called it naive and stiff compared to other cloisonné and enamel pieces of that period. The primary colors of the
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of figurative art. Rome continued to create and explore art techniques and played a role reeducating
Byzantine artists. Rome is a source for enamel art as the colors used in the Fieschi Morgan Staurotheke were in production there and the city was a place of refuge for
159:(double cross) walls which create 5 sections. It is believed to have contained a wooden cross relic that would have fit perfectly within the main section, the 4 surrounding compartments would have contained other Holy relics, such as bones, hair, cloth, etc.
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219:. It is most popularly believed that this was created in the shadows from iconoclasm or just after iconoclasm in Constantinople.
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51:. The box is dated to 843 (some scholars speculate an earlier date of 815). Both dates hover around the second wave of
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from 814 to 842, allowing this piece to become a lens into the post iconoclastic art. These reliquaries doubled as an
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In April 1887 the box was purchased at an auction by
Freiherr Albert Von Oppenheim. In 1906 it was purchased by
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47:, it is 1 1/16 x 4 1/16 x 2 13/16 inches (2.7 x 10.3 x 7.1 cm) overall with lid. It is an example of
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Underneath the lid the surface is divided into four parts and created using niello, the top left, the
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Equestrian
Portrait of Cornelis and Michiel Pompe van Meerdervoort with Their Tutor and Coachman
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Pre-Iconoclastic
Byzantine Art and the Fieschi-Oppenheim-Morgan Reliquary of the True Cross
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Pre-Iconoclastic
Byzantine Art and the Fieschi-Oppenheim-Morgan Reliquary of the True Cross
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Pre-Iconoclastic
Byzantine Art and the Fieschi-Oppenheim-Morgan Reliquary of the True Cross
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Pre-Iconoclastic Byzantine Art and the Fieschi-Oppenheim-Morgan Reliquary of the True Cross
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Along the sides of the box are 13 saints with halos and a golden latch; Saint Anastasios,
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reliquary enamel are emerald green, blue, maroon, gold, and white.
93:
1331:
The Empress Elizabeth of Russia on Horseback, Attended by a Page
89:
1766:
Mont Sainte-Victoire and the Viaduct of the Arc River Valley
60:
created and its movement. It's currently on display at the
56:
1912:
AngloMania: Tradition and Transgression in British Fashion
465:. The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 21. p. 66.
450:. The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 21. p. 69.
1716:
The Martyrdom of Saint Barbara (Lucas Cranach the Elder)
1541:
The Interior of an Atelier of a Woman Painter (Lemoine)
1661:
Lydia Crocheting in the Garden at Marly (Mary Cassatt)
92:. The front lid depicts Christ on the cross wearing a
1961:
Heavenly Bodies: Fashion and the Catholic Imagination
463:
Byzantine Enamels in Mr. Pierpont Morgan's Collection
448:
Byzantine Enamels in Mr. Pierpont Morgan's Collection
2017:
Rei Kawakubo/Comme des Garçons Art of the In-Between
780:
Pair of Incense Boxes in the Shape of Mandarin Ducks
239:
century but not in the east until the 10th century.
1261:
The Dance Class (Degas, Metropolitan Museum of Art)
16:
Enamels-cloisonné highlighted in The MET collection
1826:The Musician (Bartholomeus van der Helst painting)
268:
1711:The Marriage of the Virgin (Michelino da Besozzo)
1681:Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints (Raphael)
1086:Bringing Down Marble from the Quarries to Carrara
230:The reliquary could have arrived in Italy by the
2074:
1989:Manus x Machina: Fashion in an Age of Technology
1676:Madonna and Child (Bellini, New York, 1485–1490)
1616:Lady with the Rose (Charlotte Louise Burckhardt)
1556:Isaac Blessing Jacob (Gerbrand van den Eeckhout)
1940:Death Becomes Her: A Century of Mourning Attire
1631:The Last Communion of Saint Jerome (Botticelli)
1471:A Goldsmith in His Shop, Possibly Saint Eligius
1346:Esther before Ahasuerus (Artemisia Gentileschi)
403:
401:
246:in London and given to the Met Museum in 1913.
31:Fieschi Morgan Staurothèque - early 9th century
23:Fieschi Morgan Staurothèque - early 9th century
1905:American Woman: Fashioning a National Identity
1171:Christ Carrying the Cross (El Greco, New York)
501:
379:. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 155.
304:. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 156.
1671:Madame Grand (Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun)
1066:Bouquet of Small Chrysanthemums (LĂ©on Bonvin)
487:
426:
424:
262:
260:
258:
2103:Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
1846:Nativity scenes attributed to Zanobi Strozzi
1401:The Five Points (Metropolitan Museum of Art)
398:
210:Artisans were persecuted, like the story of
1751:The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere (painting)
1841:Mystic Marriage of St. Catherine (Memling)
1176:Christ Presented to the People (Il Sodoma)
494:
480:
421:
407:
255:
1996:The Metropolitan Museum of Art Centennial
1982:Jacqueline Kennedy: The White House Years
1411:The Forest in Winter at Sunset (painting)
765:Miniature Altarpiece with the Crucifixion
374:
299:
1881:Portrait of Madame Jacques-Louis Leblanc
1741:Merry company with two men and two women
1226:A Cowherd at Valhermeil, Auvers-sur-Oise
795:Studiolo from the Ducal Palace in Gubbio
430:
411:The Oppenheim Reliquary and its Contents
389:
329:
314:
221:
205:
26:
18:
1246:Crucifixion with the Virgin and St John
876:Adoration of the Magi (Bosch, New York)
266:
151:and bathing of Jesus; bottom left, the
67:
2075:
1546:Interior with a Young Couple and a Dog
1296:The Denial of Saint Peter (Caravaggio)
1256:Cypresses (Metropolitan Museum of Art)
1241:Crucifixion and Last Judgement diptych
1196:Coast Guard Station, Two Lights, Maine
1151:Cemetery, New Mexico (Marsden Hartley)
906:Allegory of the Planets and Continents
748:Hunting of Birds with a Hawk and a Bow
460:
445:
178:, Saint Merkourios, Saint Eustratios,
1791:Mountain Stream (John Singer Sargent)
1326:Egyptians Raising Water from the Nile
1206:The Collector of Prints (Edgar Degas)
881:Adoration of the Shepherds (Mantegna)
475:
345:
343:
341:
2050:
2003:The Model as Muse: Embodying Fashion
1621:Lake George (John Frederick Kensett)
1566:Italian Hill Town (Arthur B. Davies)
1506:Head of Christ (Rembrandt, New York)
1026:Banquet in Silence (Marsden Hartley)
1021:The Banks of the Bièvre near Bicêtre
976:The Artist's Wife and His Setter Dog
377:Christian Imagery: Growth and Impact
302:Christian Imagery: Growth and Impact
1975:In America: An Anthology of Fashion
1801:Movement No. 5, Provincetown Houses
1646:Lobster Fishermen (Marsden Hartley)
1431:Fur Traders Descending the Missouri
1306:The Dream of Aeneas (Salvator Rosa)
1161:The Chess Players (Eakins painting)
1076:The Bridge at Villeneuve-la-Garenne
1061:Annunciation (Botticelli, New York)
435:. Empire State College. p. 46.
394:. Empire State College. p. 40.
334:. Empire State College. p. 14.
319:. Empire State College. p. 10.
275:. Oxford University Press. p.
226:Reliquary and True Cross Dimensions
13:
2108:Works looted by the Fourth Crusade
1816:Mrs. Beckington (Alice Beckington)
891:The Afternoon Meal (Luis Meléndez)
338:
14:
2124:
1591:July Fourteenth, Rue Daunou, 1910
1366:The Farm at Les Collettes, Cagnes
1221:Cow's Skull: Red, White, and Blue
1036:A Basket of Clams (Winslow Homer)
713:Armenian Gospel with Silver Cover
2059:
2058:
2049:
2024:Superheroes: Fashion and Fantasy
1968:In America: A Lexicon of Fashion
1933:China: Through the Looking Glass
1898:Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty
1806:Mr. and Mrs. I. N. Phelps Stokes
1706:Manuel Osorio Manrique de Zúñiga
1386:Fish Market (Joachim Beuckelaer)
971:Artillery (Roger de la Fresnaye)
656:Metropolitan Museum of Art Guide
351:"The Fieschi Morgan Staurotheke"
122:Saint Gregory the Miracle-Worker
43:designed to hold a relic of the
1947:Fashion and History: A Dialogue
1776:Morning, An Overcast Day, Rouen
1756:Miss V Dressed as a Bullfighter
1416:The Fortune Teller (de La Tour)
1236:Crucifixion (Corpus Hypercubus)
1216:Captain George K. H. Coussmaker
1031:Bashi-Bazouk (Jean-LĂ©on GĂ©rĂ´me)
785:Pomegranate carved in the round
454:
439:
120:, Saint Damiano, Saint Kosmas,
1081:Brigand and His Wife in Prayer
966:Aristotle with a Bust of Homer
941:Anthony van Dyck self portrait
383:
368:
323:
308:
293:
1:
2083:Reliquaries of the True Cross
1919:Before Yesterday We Could Fly
1731:Max Schmitt in a Single Scull
1606:Lachrymae (Frederic Leighton)
896:Alexander Hamilton (Trumbull)
698:Cesnola Sphinx Funerary Stele
249:
2088:Relics associated with Jesus
1771:Moonlight, Wood Island Light
1576:Jo, the Beautiful Irishwoman
1441:George Washington (Trumbull)
1321:Egyptian Woman with Earrings
1201:Coast Scene, Isles of Shoals
1166:Children Playing with a Goat
961:Ariadne (Giorgio de Chirico)
866:The Accommodations of Desire
7:
1831:A Musician and His Daughter
1561:Isle of the Dead (painting)
1456:Girl with a Cat (Gwen John)
1271:The Dead Christ with Angels
790:Rectangular Octave Virginal
526:Anna Wintour Costume Center
10:
2129:
1836:The Musicians (Caravaggio)
1786:Mother and Child (Cassatt)
1666:Madame Élisabeth de France
1531:I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold
1481:The Gulf Stream (painting)
1446:Gilbert Stuart (Goodridge)
1316:Madonna and Child (Duccio)
1051:Black Stork in a Landscape
1001:Bamboo in the Four Seasons
825:Statuette of the lady Tiye
733:Fieschi Morgan Staurotheke
503:Metropolitan Museum of Art
37:Fieschi Morgan Staurotheke
2047:
1889:
1871:Old Trees, Level Distance
1811:Mrs. Atkinson (Gwen John)
1761:Model by the Wicker Chair
1686:Magdalene with Two Flames
1596:The Kearsarge at Boulogne
1516:The Hermit (Il solitario)
1496:The Harvesters (painting)
1311:Dressing for the Carnival
996:Autumn Rhythm (Number 30)
991:Autumn Ivy (Ogata Kenzan)
946:Approaching Thunder Storm
838:
759:Kneeling Bull with Vessel
665:
637:
579:
554:
516:
509:
375:Kitzinger, Ernst (1981).
300:Kitzinger, Ernst (1980).
2093:Works in vitreous enamel
1526:Houses on the Achterzaan
1436:Garden at Sainte-Adresse
1336:Entrance to a Dutch Port
1286:The Defense of Champigny
1186:Claes Duyst van Voorhout
1131:Camouflage Self-Portrait
1096:Broadway and 42nd Street
861:The Abduction of Rebecca
856:A Vase of Flowers (1716)
815:Woman Seen from the Back
546:Thomas J. Watson Library
536:Robert Goldwater Library
408:Williamson, G.C (1913).
2010:The Pictures Generation
1796:Mountain with Red House
1781:Moses Striking the Rock
1536:In a Courtyard, Tangier
1486:Harlequin with a Guitar
1461:Glass Blowers of Murano
1396:Fishing Boats, Key West
1126:The Calm Sea (painting)
1056:Boating (Édouard Manet)
951:Arab Woman (watercolor)
926:Ancient Rome (painting)
743:The Hunt of the Unicorn
315:Wilensky, S.F. (1981).
267:Cormack, Robin (2000).
1926:Camp: Notes on Fashion
1866:Oedipus and the Sphinx
1856:Northeaster (painting)
1511:The Heart of the Andes
1426:The Funeral (painting)
1356:The Experts (painting)
1146:Catania and Mount Etna
1136:Cannon Rock (painting)
1106:Burg Weiler Altarpiece
1011:Bain à la Grenouillère
931:Annunciation (Memling)
830:Phoenician metal bowls
624:Philippe de Montebello
604:Herbert Eustis Winlock
589:Luigi Palma di Cesnola
431:Wilensky, S.F (1981).
390:Wilensky, S.F (1981).
330:Wilensky, S.F (1981).
227:
32:
24:
2113:9th-century artifacts
1611:Lady at the Tea Table
1581:Joy of Life (Valadon)
1491:The Harvest, Pontoise
1281:The Death of Socrates
1276:The Death of Harmonia
1211:Comtesse de la Châtre
1046:Black Iris (painting)
901:The Allegory of Faith
770:Modern Gothic cabinet
461:Dalton, O.M. (1912).
446:Dalton, O.M. (1912).
225:
206:Creation and movement
30:
22:
1876:Pity (William Blake)
1861:Nude Before a Mirror
1821:Mrs. Hugh Hammersley
1746:Mezzetino (painting)
1726:The Matador Saluting
1721:The Masquerade Dress
1601:The Lacemaker (Maes)
1421:Fruit Dish and Glass
1376:Ferry near Gorinchem
1361:The Falls of Niagara
1351:Ethel Scull 36 Times
1231:Cows Crossing a Ford
1071:Boy Carrying a Sword
936:Annunziata Polyptych
871:The Actor (painting)
820:Statuette of Mercury
718:Calligraphic Galleon
693:Coffin of Nedjemankh
609:Francis Henry Taylor
594:Caspar Purdon Clarke
518:The Met Fifth Avenue
68:Physical description
53:Byzantine Iconoclasm
1851:Night-Shining White
1651:The Lovesick Maiden
1466:Golden Cock and Hen
1406:Florinda (painting)
1381:The Fingernail Test
1181:Christ with a Staff
1121:Ca' Dolfin Tiepolos
805:The Triumph of Fame
673:Amathus sarcophagus
174:, Saint Prokopios,
62:Metropolitan Museum
49:Byzantine enameling
1701:Majas on a Balcony
1641:Lilacs in a Window
1626:Landscape with Sky
1571:Jingo-ji Tripiáąaka
1156:Cervara Altarpiece
956:Arcadia (painting)
738:Hounds and Jackals
728:Chair of Reniseneb
629:Thomas P. Campbell
244:J. Pierpont Morgan
228:
33:
25:
2070:
2069:
1736:MĂ©rode Altarpiece
1656:Lukas Spielhausen
1266:The Dancing Class
708:Magdeburg Ivories
575:
574:
180:Saint Panteleimon
147:; top right, the
2120:
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2061:
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2052:
2038:Vessel Orchestra
1954:Glitter and Doom
1501:Haystacks:Autumn
1476:The Great Sirens
1391:The Fishing Boat
1191:Cloudy Mountains
1141:The Card Players
1016:The Baker's Cart
541:Temple of Dendur
514:
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98:Saint Eustathios
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1691:The Maidservant
1301:Diana and Cupid
1116:By the Seashore
1041:Beauty Revealed
846:1476 Altarpiece
834:
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599:Edward Robinson
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1636:Lehman Madonna
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886:The Aegean Sea
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164:Saint Nicholas
102:Saint Lawrence
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1006:Bache Madonna
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921:America Today
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810:Vase with lid
808:
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775:Morgan Casket
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723:Carp and Pine
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688:Pratt Ivories
686:
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678:Bajaur casket
676:
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638:Miscellaneous
636:
630:
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622:
620:
619:Thomas Hoving
617:
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614:James Rorimer
612:
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563:
562:The Cloisters
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417:. p. 66.
413:
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271:Byzantine Art
263:
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83:
79:
78:gilded silver
76:is made from
75:
65:
63:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
29:
21:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1371:Femme Lisant
851:A Cavalryman
757:
753:Kettle Drums
732:
654:
462:
456:
447:
441:
432:
410:
391:
385:
376:
370:
358:. Retrieved
354:
331:
325:
316:
310:
301:
295:
270:
241:
237:
229:
209:
200:
184:Saint Andrew
176:Saint George
168:Saint Platon
161:
145:Annunciation
142:
71:
36:
34:
1890:Exhibitions
1696:Maine Coast
1101:Broken Eggs
1091:The Brioche
911:Alpine Pool
666:Antiquities
650:Museum Mile
555:Other sites
531:Astor Court
217:iconophiles
196:Saint Peter
157:Patriarchal
153:Crucifixion
126:Bartholomew
74:staurotheke
39:is a small
2077:Categories
1586:Juan Legua
800:Intan JizĹŤ
683:Burke JizĹŤ
567:Met Breuer
355:Met Museum
286:0192842110
250:References
192:Saint Paul
188:Saint John
84:worked in
45:true cross
839:Paintings
581:Directors
232:Crusaders
86:cloisonné
41:reliquary
2064:Category
2031:Te Maori
645:Met Gala
149:Nativity
94:colobium
80:, gold,
2055:Commons
360:6 March
212:Lazarus
130:Matthew
510:Places
283:
136:, and
114:Thomas
90:niello
88:, and
82:enamel
415:(PDF)
138:Simon
118:James
362:2016
281:ISBN
134:Jude
110:Mark
106:Luke
72:The
57:icon
35:The
277:114
2079::
2057:*
423:^
400:^
353:.
340:^
279:.
257:^
194:,
190:,
186:,
182:,
170:,
166:,
140:.
132:,
128:,
124:,
116:,
112:,
108:,
104:,
100:,
64:.
495:e
488:t
481:v
364:.
289:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
