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The likelihood of property damage or personal injury due to tree failure. Hazard includes not only the tree's condition, but the potential target as well. Rating systems, procedures and guidelines have been developed for decision making but knowledge, judgement, and experience are an important part
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Christian
Stauffer, Lecture on Forest Protection 2013, Institute of Forest Entomology, Forest Pathology and Forest Protection, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, HasenauerstraĂźe 38, A-1190
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Humans and other mammals predate on trees, and on unsustainable, especially industrial scales, these are demonstrably pathological to the forest. Additionally, poorly planned but conventionally replanted (post-cut) forest plantations are typically
351:, such as mites, centipedes and millipedes, which live in and interact in forest ecosystems. Forest entomology also includes the management of insect pests that cause the degrading, defoliation, crown die-back or death of trees.
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Eradication of recently introduced pests, or long-term management of established exotics and indigenous pests, to minimise losses in wood quality and wood production, and to reduce tree mortality.
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The effects of man often alter a forest's predisposition to damage from both abiotic and biotic effects. For example, soil properties may be altered by heavy machinery.
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Description and assessment of damage to tree structures (parts of a tree), to forest stands, landscape effects and to wood products, timber in service and other
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Often, abiotic factors and biotic factors will affect a forest at the same time. For example, if wind speed is 80 km per hour then many trees which have
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Assessments of forest operations, or of management impacts, on the invertebrate fauna, and the alleviation of any adverse effects on these invertebrates.
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Many plants can parasitize trees via root to root contact. Many of these parasitic plants originate in the tropical and subtropical climates.
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Insects, diseases and severe weather events damaged about 40 million ha of forests in 2015, mainly in the temperate and boreal domains.
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Documentation of all insect species and related arthropods in natural and man-made forests, and the study and ecology of those species.
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Tainter, Frank H., and Fred A. Baker . Principles of Forest
Pathology. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996.
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and identification can happen via tree clinics, experts such as
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category listing fungal tree pathogens and diseases in
Knowledge
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Knowledge
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Global Forest
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and diminished capacity for community resilience - see the "
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347:. Forest entomology includes the study of all insects and
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Signs are the visible presence of a part of a pathogen:
898:(electronic), 1895–present, 5-Year Impact Factor: 2.054
778:"Forest Pathology | Diseases of forest and shade trees"
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Global Forest
Resources Assessment 2020 – Key findings
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143:Nutrient imbalances: deficiencies, chemicals (
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110:Wind is also an important abiotic factor as
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750:work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (
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602:is the fruiting body of a bracket fungus.
91:resulting from over-abundance or lack of
16:Subfield of forestry and plant pathology
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354:Thus the scope is wide and includes:
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30:maladies affecting the health of a
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802:"Forest Pathology Journal Overview"
343:Part of forest pathology is forest
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909:Forest & Shade Tree Pathology
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882:(Eur J Forest Pathol), Springer,
320:. Browsing can be prevented with
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638:or even non-experts through
169:can kill surrounding plants.
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608:are collectively called a
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289:Parasitic flowering plants
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1891:Climate change portal
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1050:Close to nature forestry
22:is the research of both
1511:Million Tree Initiative
754:). Text taken from
486:, which causes root rot
477:White Pine Blister Rust
440:citrus greening disease
414:Hymenoscyphus fraxineus
75:There are a number of
1933:Environment portal
1365:Sustainable management
1260:Trillion Tree Campaign
760:, FAO, FAO.
483:Phytophthora cinnamomi
422:Heterobasidion annosum
278:Amylostereum areolatum
161:which can concentrate
45:. It is a subfield of
1858:Wood process engineer
1562:Urban forest inequity
678:Disturbance (ecology)
138:Other abiotic factors
1521:Shifting cultivation
1462:Forest fragmentation
1432:Carbon sequestration
1302:Woodland Carbon Code
1267:Forest certification
1175:Even-aged management
1090:Sustainable forestry
491:Phytophthora ramorum
467:Olive tree pathology
1326:Formally designated
1170:Ecological thinning
1080:Plantation forestry
988:Research institutes
824:. Rome: FAO. 2020.
698:Outline of forestry
622:Pathology detection
1919:Ecology portal
1452:Forest degradation
1447:Ecosystem services
1055:Community forestry
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516:Signs and symptoms
363:ecosystem services
167:soil acidification
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1947:Plants portal
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839:978-92-5-132581-0
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452:Dutch elm disease
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1833:Resin tapper
1813:Truck driver
1808:River driver
1557:Tree hugging
1542:
1525:
1492:timber mafia
1482:High grading
1467:Ghost forest
1437:Clearcutting
1360:Silviculture
1336:Horticulture
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1180:Fire ecology
1095:Urban forest
1070:Mycoforestry
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1026:Agroforestry
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805:. Retrieved
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785:. Retrieved
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748:free content
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580:Wilt disease
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265:Cerambycidae
251:bark beetles
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225:Phytoplasmas
215:Phytophthora
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163:dry deposits
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1877:WikiProject
1801:smokejumper
1781:Firefighter
1744:Occupations
1728:Woodworking
1309:Forestation
1240:restoration
1195:informatics
1060:Ecoforestry
890:(printed),
663:Allelopathy
565:Leaf scorch
510:Tinder conk
457:Ink disease
446:Spiroplasma
389:There is a
330:monocropped
308:especially
255:Bark beetle
249:Ips (genus)
240:There is a
202:There is a
173:Temperature
145:toxic salts
1997:Categories
1823:Lumberjack
1818:Log scaler
1701:engineered
1652:non-timber
1625:sawmilling
1577:Industries
1544:svedjebruk
1255:transition
1235:protection
1225:old-growth
1210:governance
1165:Dendrology
1115:management
981:Ministries
807:2023-11-15
787:2023-11-15
764:References
683:Forest IPM
632:monitoring
594:ascomycota
575:Virescence
435:Rickettsia
399:Armillaria
349:arthropods
345:entomology
189:Ascomycota
165:which via
149:herbicides
41:and their
1771:Ecologist
1684:Tree farm
1585:Coppicing
1527:chitemene
1427:Acid rain
1375:allometry
1297:SmartWood
1245:secondary
1230:pathology
1205:inventory
1143:driftwood
1009:Arbor Day
896:1573-8469
888:0300-1237
848:130116768
721:(journal)
636:arborists
540:Chlorosis
407:Cenangium
302:Nematodes
129:lightning
112:windthrow
58:pathology
35:ecosystem
1972:Category
1786:handcrew
1756:Arborist
1751:Forester
1711:mahogany
1657:palm oil
1647:charcoal
1632:Products
1567:Wildfire
1380:breeding
1341:GM trees
1190:dynamics
1002:Journals
995:Colleges
955:Forestry
673:Etiology
657:See also
628:truffles
610:mycelium
570:Root rot
560:Girdling
501:Polypore
220:Bacteria
211:Oomycota
159:Stemflow
119:root rot
95:such as
47:forestry
1982:Outline
1796:lookout
1791:hotshot
1672:tanbark
1642:biomass
1637:biochar
1615:plywood
1600:Logging
1504:wilding
1153:log jam
1110:Ecology
861:Vienna.
737:Sources
668:Disease
596:fungus.
314:mammals
306:insects
297:Animals
236:Insects
230:Viruses
81:drought
56:Forest
28:abiotic
1828:Ranger
1776:Feller
1761:Bucker
1667:rubber
1610:lumber
1420:topics
1407:volume
1402:height
1348:i-Tree
1185:Forest
1138:coarse
1133:Debris
1032:dehesa
894:
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535:Canker
525:Blight
318:browse
32:forest
24:biotic
1662:rayon
1397:girth
1392:crown
1353:urban
1250:stand
1158:slash
1148:large
1019:Types
967:Index
844:S2CID
606:Hypha
590:Ascus
185:Fungi
1721:teak
1706:fuel
1696:Wood
1516:REDD
1370:Tree
1287:PEFC
1272:ATFS
892:ISSN
884:ISSN
834:ISBN
555:Gall
530:Burl
316:may
195:and
125:Fire
105:rain
101:snow
97:hail
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1282:FSC
1277:CFS
1215:law
1200:IPM
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