414:
273:
327:. Grand Duke Michael spent his youth in the Caucasus, where his family lived for twenty years. He had a spartan upbringing that included sleeping on army cots and taking cold baths. He was educated at home by private tutors. The relationship with his parents was troublesome. His father, occupied in military and governmental endeavours, remained a distant figure. His demanding mother was a strict disciplinarian who did not show affection towards her children. He was a disappointment to his mother, who compared him unfavourably with his more intelligent eldest brother, Grand Duke Nicholas. Michael was considered the least gifted of the seven children and his mother referred to him as "stupid".
735:
519:
646:
351:
31:
719:, Nicholas II's younger brother, chose England for his exile after also contracting a morganatic marriage. The arrival in England of another and more senior grand duke, Michael Alexandrovich, provided an uncomfortable reminder of the scandal which had once attached to Michael Mikahilovich and his wife. As a result, they never received the newcomers at Kenwood. Their refusal to open their doors to the couple meant that many others in British society followed suit, with the result that Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich and his wife were effectively marginalized.
669:, written in resentment at not being allowed back into Russia. In the preface he wrote: "Belonging, as I do, to the Imperial Blood, and being a member of one of the reigning houses, I should like to prove to the world how wrong it is in thinking – as the majority of mankind is apt to do – that we are the happiest beings on this earth. There is no doubt that we are well situated, but is wealth the only happiness in the world?" While remaining "devoted" to Sophie, Micheal nevertheless often fell in love with pretty girls.
842:), lost his employment and came to live with them, but the relationship was difficult, not least because Boy suffered a recurring form of depression. Between bouts of this he was a painter of some accomplishment. Once the World War was over, Michael Mikhailovich and his wife returned to Cannes after six years. After the news of the murders of so many close relatives came through, many people thought Michael became unbalanced. He had become short-tempered and rude to the servants and a great trial to his wife.
712:
George's agreement. In his reply George pointed out "I have not the power to grant a title in
England to a foreign subject and still more impossible in the case of a Russian Grand Duke." Gloomily accepting that the grand duke would be turning up to make a formal request for his wife's title, George added that "I do not look forward to our interview with any pleasure, as I fear I have no alternative but to refuse his request".
509:
paternal ancestry. Grand Duke
Michael Mikhailovich was deprived of his military rank and of his position as adjutant at the Imperial Court. He was also forbidden to return to Russia for life. When his mother heard of his morganatic marriage, she collapsed with shock and went by train to the Crimea to
850:
attended her funeral. By
November, according to Harold, the grand duke was again behaving well, as he no longer had his wife to argue with. He survived her for less than two years. Grand Duke Michael contracted influenza and died in London on 26 April 1929, aged sixty-seven. He was buried with his
711:
wrote to
Nicholas II about "that good fool Michael, who I am sure bores you with as many grievances as he does me." Nicholas had written to George to tell him that Grand Duke Michael had asked his permission for his wife to accept a British title and that he had given consent, subject of course to
630:
who owned a villa nearby. In 1903, Michael's father had a stroke and was moved to Cannes. The old grand duke was charmed by his daughter-in-law and his Torby grandchildren. The presence of
Michael's father also frequently brought Michael's brother Alexander and his family to Cannes, and these were
750:
warning him that
British secret agents in Russia were expecting a revolution, and that he should satisfy the people's just demands before it was too late. Excerpts of Michael's correspondence in French with the Emperor during his exile have been published (usually beseeching the tsar for money).
746:, Michael was made a chairman of the commission to consolidate Russian orders abroad, but was denied permission to come back to Russia and serve with its armed forces. Trying to help his country, he acted as an agent for Russian loans in France. On 31 October 1916, the grand duke wrote to Tsar
367:
in Neo-Renaissance-style with its front entrance on the
Admiralty Embankment 8. The building was innovative for the end of the 19th century, having gas pipelines, electricity and a telephone. However, the grand duke was not destined to live there. By the time the palace was finished Grand Duke
564:
in Cannes and in laying the cornerstones for hotels and casinos in the area. He was an excellent golfer and hosted parties with his wife. They became prominent figures in the international set in the French
Riviera, where the grand duke came to be known as the "Uncrowned King of Cannes".
453:
made it impossible for him to marry
Catherine. Olga Feodorovna opposed the misalliance vehemently. "He has so openly provoked me" she wrote of her son, mentioning his "lack of respect, affection and attention". To break off the relationship, the parents decided to send him abroad.
688:. Michael became president of the Hampstead General Hospital, to which he donated an ambulance, as well as president of the Hampstead Art Society. They lived in splendour, enjoying a privileged place in British society. Every year Grand Duke Michael and his wife would visit
754:
With the war over, and following the
Russian revolution, the grand duke's financial situation deteriorated. He lost a good deal of his money, which was tied up in the Romanovs' fortunes. He had to move to a more modest house at 3 Cambridge Gate, Regent's Park. However,
342:. Michael was shallow and not particularly bright, but he was tall and handsome. He became popular on the social circuit in the capital, spending a great deal of his time on endless parties, dancing and gambling. Tsar Alexander III referred to him as a 'fool'.
494:. The grand duke met Sophie when he saved her from a horse that had run away with her. He did not bother to ask for the necessary permission for the marriage from the Tsar or his parents because he knew it would not be granted. They were married in
672:
At the death of his father in Cannes on 18 December 1909, Michael was allowed to come to Russia for the funeral; however, his wife refused to go with him as she still resented the insults which had marred their marriage so many years before.
642:, Michael Mikhailovich organised a hospital for wounded Russian officers. It was around this time that he shaved off his beard and stopped dyeing his hair. He was described as a born autocrat, single-minded, and a stickler for protocol.
552:, after a mountain in Georgia. They lived comfortably: Five footmen, a butler, a valet, a lady's maid, a governess, a nursery maid and six chefs attended them. Michael afforded this lifestyle by being the owner of the factory near
362:
with his parents, but he intended to marry soon, and to house his expected family, he ordered the construction of a large residence in the imperial capital. The palace was built between 1885 and 1891. It was designed by architect
625:
in the south of France. The grand duke was the founder and president of the Cannes Golf Club, where he often played during the winter season. In the south of France, he usually met his relatives, particularly his sister
845:
By 1925, the grand duke had become so troublesome that his son-in-law, Harold, regarded him as "perfectly crazy". On 4 September 1927, his wife died, aged fifty-nine. King George V wrote a letter of condolence and the
830:
title to accept the style and rank of an earl's daughter. Wernher, being extremely wealthy, provided substantial financial support for his in-laws, alleviating the loss of income from Michael's imperial estates.
534:
Because of his morganatic marriage, Grand Duke Michael would spend the rest of his life living in exile in England, France and Germany. His wife was granted the title of Countess de Torby by her uncle
797:. A year after Nadeja and George's wedding, however, the English branches of the Battenberg family gave up their princely title, and Prince George, who was eventually to become 2nd
413:
522:
Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia and his wife Countess Sophie de Torby. Photograph by Lafayette Studio, London, 1902. The grand duke and his wife are seen here in
2227:
2156:
338:
of the guards. In 1882, when Grand Duke Michael was twenty years old, he returned with his family to St. Petersburg upon his father's appointment as chairman of the
2247:
2485:
1016:
248:. He became a prominent member of British society, one of his daughters marrying into the British aristocracy and another marrying a great-grandson of
905:
897:
775:
767:
116:
909:
779:
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later followed by other grand dukes. He socialised there with other royalty who also stayed at the Riviera. Grand Duke Michael helped finance the
2222:
2212:
2207:
2177:
2029:
627:
330:
During the years in the Caucasus, the Grand Duke excelled at horsemanship and started his military career. As a young man, he served in the
272:
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because he was living abroad. He spent his last years living under reduced circumstances with the financial help of his son-in-law,
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Not only did they not secure a title for Sophie, but the couple's position in British society was threatened when in the same year
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305:
146:
2336:
2202:
879:
783:
738:
Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia (right) with his children (from left to right), Nadejda, Michael and Anastasia de Torby
707:
After the death of Edward VII, Grand Duke Michael, pushed by his wife, tried in vain to obtain a British title for her. In 1912,
449:. He tried to get permission to marry her and he went with his father to talk to Tsar Alexander III. However, his mother and the
399:
542:, where Sophie's ancestors once reigned. Two of their three children were born there. In 1899, they settled more permanently in
510:
recover, but then had a heart attack and died, for which Michael was blamed. He was not allowed to attend his mother's funeral.
371:
In the spring of 1886 the grand duke was in London in search of a wife. He made unsuccessful overtures for the hand of Princess
2490:
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2232:
2130:
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606:. The statue (with inscription to him) now stands in the Queen's Gardens by the Ironmarket. He was also a frequent visitor of
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324:
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in late 1902 conferred on him the distinction of Lord High Steward of the borough. In 1903 he unveiled a statue of
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376:
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187:
908:, born Prince von Battenberg (1892–1938). They had one daughter Lady Tatiana Elizabeth Mountbatten, and one son
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1540:
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252:. He lost his fortune with the fall of the Russian monarchy in 1918. Three of his brothers were killed by the
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2015:
1226:
80:
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was itself the product of a morganatic marriage, but one whose members had been allowed to use the style
446:
518:
1320:
1284:
798:
476:, a member of the minor Russian nobility. Sophie's maternal grandfather was the renowned poet-author
172:
156:
878:(1893–1973). They had one son and two daughters. Today Zia's grandchildren include the Duchesses of
491:
2394:
2182:
1749:
645:
570:
335:
210:
2146:
182:, where he lived between 1862 and 1881 with his family, and was educated by private tutors. As
2415:
title of pretence granted by Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich as claimant to the Russian throne
2408:
title of pretence granted by Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich as claimant to the Russian throne
410:. He admitted to Louise that he could never love her and he was turned down for a third time.
2278:
2115:
747:
615:
384:
364:
1729:
722:
In September 1912, Grand Duke Michael was allowed to visit Russia for the centennial of the
350:
2440:
2435:
2125:
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603:
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442:
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in 1877, became a Colonel and was adjutant at the Imperial court. In 1891 he contracted a
30:
1912:
White Crow: The Life and Times of the Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich Romanov: 1859–1919.
8:
2083:
666:
523:
480:; through him, she had black African ancestry (one part in 32) as a direct descendant of
462:
195:
191:
921:) (8 October 1898 – 8 May 1959), became a naturalised British subject in November 1938.
433:, which caused confrontations with his parents. In 1888, he had an affair with Princess
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1982:
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477:
320:
207:
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103:
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430:
136:
1862:"Burke's Guide to the Royal Family": edited by Hugh Montgomery-Massingberd, p. 221
300:
4 October] 1861, the third child and second son of the seven children of
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241:
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Grand Duke Michael and the Countess de Torby had two daughters and one son.
760:
579:
486:
372:
167:(Russian: Михаил Михайлович; 16 October 1861 – 26 April 1929) was a son of
847:
802:
743:
726:, and was restored to the honorary colonelcy of the 49th Brest Regiment.
650:
506:
501:
The marriage was not only morganatic but also illegal under the Imperial
2007:
689:
611:
575:
527:
407:
253:
233:
904:) (28 March 1896 – 22 January 1963); married London 15 November 1916
568:
The family maintained their contacts in British society, appearing in
2401:
of 1886, limiting the style to sons and male-line grandsons of a tsar
891:
874:) (9 September 1892 – 7 December 1977); married London 20 July 1917
677:
539:
502:
221:
213:
stripped him of his military titles and banished the couple from the
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in 1909, taking a long lease on Kenwood House, a house owned by the
186:
tradition demanded, he followed a military career. He served in the
756:
708:
438:
434:
394:
The same year Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich proposed marriage to
388:
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and became a colonel. He loved the military life and served in the
179:
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183:
131:
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and caused a scandal at the Russian court, despite the bride's
316:
245:
229:
2398:
1750:"Michael Mikhailovich of Russia by Grand Hotels of the World"
827:
676:
After leaving Keele, the grand duke moved with his family to
622:
560:. Grand Duke Michael was involved in the construction of the
461:, in 1891, Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich fell in love with
281:
117:
Nadejda Mikhailovna Mountbatten, Marchioness of Milford Haven
437:. Later, he fell in love with Countess Catherine Nikolaevna
458:
276:
Grand Duke Michael (on the right) with his eldest brother
820:
809:
of earl, his wife becoming known as Countess of Medina.
574:
magazine in 1899. In 1900, the grand duke began renting
1718:. No. 36922. London. 11 November 1902. p. 10.
354:
Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia in his youth.
315:, he was a year old when, in 1862, the family moved to
2002:
Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich Keel Hall and Kenwood
934:
Ancestors of Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia
232:. He settled permanently in England in 1900, leasing
614:
appointed him an Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the
594:. Michael was very pleased when the town council of
206:. For contracting this marriage without permission,
1987:
Grand Dukes and Diamonds: The Wernhers of Luton Hoo
1777:
1775:
590:. During the ten years he lived there, he entered
2427:
2393:born a Grand Duke, but stripped of his title by
1830:
1772:
1761:
1759:
910:David Mountbatten, 3rd Marquess of Milford Haven
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1634:
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1630:
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1626:
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1449:
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610:, a seaside resort in Scotland. In July 1901,
526:– the costumes they wore to the coronation of
323:, on the occasion of his father's being named
2023:
1819:
1817:
1788:
1756:
1658:
1610:
1597:
618:(GCVO), the house order of the royal family.
465:, his third cousin once removed, daughter of
429:After that, he attempted to marry within the
398:. But she was in love with her first cousin,
358:Grand Duke Michael lived in St. Petersburg's
1671:
1645:
1623:
1573:
1560:
1515:
288:Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich was born at
2486:Deaths from influenza in the United Kingdom
1767:Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich and Kenwood
1502:
1476:
1460:
1434:
402:, she rejected him. In 1887 he proposed to
2030:
2016:
1843:
1814:
1801:
1489:
717:Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia
379:, was in favour of the marriage, both the
2037:
1547:
1163:Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia
368:Michael had gone into exile from Russia.
302:Grand Duke Michael Nicolaievich of Russia
169:Grand Duke Michael Nicolaievich of Russia
165:Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia
1967:Perry, John and Pleshakov, Constantine.
1728:
1043:Grand Duke Michael Nicolaevich of Russia
733:
644:
517:
441:(1869–1914), the daughter of the former
412:
349:
271:
202:and a granddaughter of the Russian poet
147:Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia
1953:Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (editor),
819:), the older daughter, in 1917 married
95: 1891; died 1927)
2428:
2213:Grand Duke Konstantine Konstantinovich
1300:
1201:Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden
1180:
1176:
1166:
1058:
948:
944:
2223:Grand Duke Vyacheslav Konstantinovich
2011:
1376:
1366:
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1334:
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1014:
1004:
1000:
988:
982:
972:
956:
952:
906:George, 2nd Marquess of Milford Haven
1914:Praeger. Westport, Conn., US. 2002.
784:Princess Victoria of Hesse-Darmstadt
661:In 1908, Michael published a novel,
417:Grand Duke Michael, Countess Sofia,
396:Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine
2208:Grand Duke Nicholas Konstantinovich
1259:Luise Karoline Geyer von Geyersberg
782:by Queen Victoria's granddaughter,
122:Count Michael Mikhailovich of Torby
112:Anastasia Mikhailovna, Lady Wernher
13:
2284:Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich
2152:Grand Duke Constantine Nikolaevich
2047:The generations are numbered from
621:Part of the year was spent at his
391:to be "notoriously bad husbands".
14:
2502:
2466:Emigrants from the Russian Empire
2456:House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
2253:Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich
2218:Grand Duke Dmitri Konstantinovich
2188:Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich
2004:. Royalty History Digest. Vol 11.
1957:, Burke's Peerage, London, 1973,
1955:Burke's Guide to the Royal Family
1875:Alexander, Grand Duke of Russia.
1703:. Country Life. 2 September 2017.
890:, and Rohays, Princess Alexander
536:Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
467:Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau
387:were against it, considering the
308:(born Princess Cecile of Baden).
200:Prince Nicholas William of Nassau
2481:Immigrants to the United Kingdom
2294:Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich
2238:Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich
2178:Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich
2121:Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich
1924:Crawford Rosemary & Donald.
1079:Frederick William III of Prussia
562:St. Michael the Archangel Church
538:. The couple initially lived in
375:. While Mary's grandmother, the
29:
2343:Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich
2320:Grand Duke John Konstantinovich
2309:Grand Duke Andrew Vladimirovich
2299:Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich
2289:Grand Duke George Alexandrovich
2243:Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich
2228:Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich
2198:Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich
2193:Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich
2157:Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich
1989:. Secker & Warburg, 1991.
1869:
1856:
1742:
1722:
1707:
1693:
92:
70:London, England, United Kingdom
24:Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich
2379:Grand Duke George Mikhailovich
2337:Tsesarevich Alexei Nikolaevich
2304:Grand Duke Boris Vladimirovich
2263:Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich
2258:Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich
2248:Grand Duke George Mikhailovich
2162:Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich
1533:
1137:Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
1017:Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg
766:In 1916 his younger daughter,
546:where they had a villa, named
1:
2491:Burials at Hampstead Cemetery
2451:People from Petergofsky Uyezd
2203:Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich
915:Michael Mikhailovich of Torby
729:
474:Natalia Alexandrovna Pushkina
463:Countess Sophie von Merenberg
406:, the eldest daughter of the
306:Grand Duchess Olga Feodorovna
267:
196:Countess Sophie von Merenberg
2361:Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich
2233:Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich
2131:Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich
1738:. 9 July 1901. p. 4569.
1227:Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden
649:Mikhailovich caricatured by
336:Egersky (Chasseurs) Regiment
81:Countess Sophie of Merenberg
7:
2314:Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich
925:
858:
776:Prince George of Battenberg
447:Nicholas Pavlovich Ignatiev
345:
220:For some years he lived in
198:, a morganatic daughter of
10:
2507:
2063:Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich
1969:The Flight of the Romanovs
1940:The Court of the Last Tsar
1294:
1178:
1052:
946:
876:Sir Harold Wernher, 3rd Bt
2388:
2370:
2352:
2329:
2271:
2170:
2139:
2108:
2092:
2071:
2055:
2045:
1364:
1356:
1328:
1321:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
1306:
1302:
1285:Princess Cecilie of Baden
1266:
1244:
1236:
1208:
1186:
1182:
1144:
1122:
1114:
1086:
1064:
1060:
1024:
1002:
994:
966:
950:
799:Marquess of Milford Haven
469:and his morganatic wife,
173:Tsar Nicholas I of Russia
157:Princess Cecilie of Baden
152:
142:
130:
102:
74:
60:
37:
28:
23:
1879:, Cassell, London, 1932.
1666:Grand Dukes and Diamonds
1568:Grand Dukes and Diamonds
1427:
700:and attend luncheons at
513:
492:Abram Petrovich Gannibal
451:Empress Maria Feodorovna
296:on 16 October [
137:Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
1701:"Royal Babies pre 1900"
836:Michael, Count de Torby
684:, overlooking London's
556:(Georgia) that bottled
400:Prince Henry of Prussia
383:and Mary's father, the
325:Viceroy of the Caucasus
311:Known in the family as
211:Alexander III of Russia
834:The grand duke's son,
739:
658:
531:
426:
355:
285:
2476:Immigrants to Germany
2461:Grand dukes of Russia
2039:Grand Dukes of Russia
1971:, Basic Books, 1999,
1896:Chavchavadze, David.
1886:, Eurohistory, 2012.
1884:The Other Grand Dukes
1851:The Other Grand Dukes
1825:The Other Grand Dukes
1809:The Other Grand Dukes
1555:The Other Grand Dukes
888:Countess of Dalhousie
838:(known familially as
763:helped with £10,000.
737:
648:
616:Royal Victorian Order
521:
498:on 26 February 1891.
416:
365:Maximilian Messmacher
353:
275:
256:, but he escaped the
178:He was raised in the
2471:Immigrants to France
2446:People from Petergof
1910:Cockfield, Jamie H.
1105:Charlotte of Prussia
985:Nicholas I of Russia
604:Newcastle-under-Lyme
596:Newcastle-under-Lyme
588:Newcastle-under-Lyme
443:Minister of Interior
419:Grand Duke Alexander
377:Duchess of Cambridge
340:Council of Ministers
244:on the outskirts of
16:Grand Duke of Russia
1926:Michael and Natasha
1640:Michael and Natasha
826:, yielding her own
801:, took the surname
667:morganatic marriage
586:, a few miles from
524:Russian court dress
360:Mikhailovsky Palace
192:morganatic marriage
1983:Trevelyan, Raleigh
1900:, Atlantic, 1989,
1735:The London Gazette
1714:"Court Circular".
1379:Frederica of Baden
868:Anastasia de Torby
853:Hampstead Cemetery
740:
724:Battle of Borodino
659:
640:Russo-Japanese war
532:
427:
356:
286:
262:Sir Harold Wernher
258:Russian Revolution
171:and a grandson of
53:, St. Petersburg,
2423:
2422:
2049:Peter I of Russia
1948:978-0-471-72763-7
1928:, Phoenix, 1998.
1892:978-0-9854603-9-6
1877:Once a Grand Duke
1541:"Visit-Петербург"
1528:Once a Grand Duke
1510:Once a Grand Duke
1484:Once a Grand Duke
1471:Once a Grand Duke
1424:
1423:
1420:
1419:
788:Battenberg family
702:Buckingham Palace
682:Earl of Mansfield
530:two days earlier.
478:Alexander Pushkin
423:Grand Duke Sergei
381:Duke of Cambridge
332:Russo-Turkish War
204:Alexander Pushkin
188:Russo-Turkish War
162:
161:
2498:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2009:
2008:
1882:Beéche, Arturo.
1863:
1860:
1854:
1847:
1841:
1834:
1828:
1821:
1812:
1805:
1799:
1792:
1786:
1779:
1770:
1763:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1697:
1691:
1684:
1669:
1662:
1656:
1649:
1643:
1636:
1621:
1614:
1608:
1601:
1595:
1588:
1571:
1564:
1558:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1537:
1531:
1524:
1513:
1506:
1500:
1493:
1487:
1480:
1474:
1467:
1458:
1451:
1347:Sophie of Sweden
959:Paul I of Russia
940:
939:
931:
930:
898:Nadejda de Torby
431:Russian nobility
96:
94:
67:
47:
45:
33:
21:
20:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2407:
2392:
2384:
2371:10th generation
2366:
2348:
2325:
2267:
2166:
2135:
2104:
2088:
2067:
2051:
2041:
2036:
1942:, Wiley, 2006,
1898:The Grand Dukes
1872:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1848:
1844:
1838:The Grand Dukes
1835:
1831:
1822:
1815:
1806:
1802:
1793:
1789:
1783:The Grand Dukes
1780:
1773:
1764:
1757:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1727:
1723:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1685:
1672:
1663:
1659:
1650:
1646:
1637:
1624:
1615:
1611:
1602:
1598:
1589:
1574:
1565:
1561:
1552:
1548:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1525:
1516:
1507:
1503:
1494:
1490:
1481:
1477:
1468:
1461:
1452:
1435:
1430:
1425:
928:
861:
848:Prince of Wales
794:Serene Highness
778:, older son of
732:
686:Hampstead Heath
592:country society
516:
482:Peter the Great
425:(right). c1892.
408:Prince of Wales
404:Princess Louise
348:
290:Peterhof Palace
270:
126:
98:
90:
86:
83:
69:
65:
51:Peterhof Palace
49:
48:16 October 1861
43:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2504:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2356:
2354:
2353:9th generation
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2330:8th generation
2327:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2275:
2273:
2272:7th generation
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2171:6th generation
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2140:5th generation
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2109:4th generation
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2093:3rd generation
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2072:2nd generation
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2056:1st generation
2053:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2035:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2000:Wynn, Marion.
1998:
1980:
1965:
1951:
1936:
1922:
1908:
1894:
1880:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1855:
1842:
1836:Chavchavadze,
1829:
1813:
1800:
1787:
1781:Chavchavadze,
1771:
1755:
1741:
1721:
1706:
1692:
1670:
1657:
1644:
1622:
1609:
1596:
1572:
1559:
1546:
1532:
1514:
1501:
1488:
1475:
1459:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
993:
990:
989:
987:
981:
978:
977:
974:
973:
971:
968:
967:
965:
962:
961:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
936:
935:
929:
927:
924:
923:
922:
912:
895:
860:
857:
824:Harold Wernher
807:courtesy title
731:
728:
694:Windsor Castle
600:Queen Victoria
515:
512:
347:
344:
304:and his wife,
294:St. Petersburg
269:
266:
250:Queen Victoria
215:Russian Empire
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
128:
127:
125:
124:
119:
114:
108:
106:
100:
99:
88:
84:
79:
78:
76:
72:
71:
68:(aged 67)
62:
58:
57:
55:Russian Empire
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2503:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2413:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2395:Alexander III
2391:
2390:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2183:Alexander III
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1995:0-436-53404-5
1992:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1977:0-465-02462-9
1974:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1963:0-220-66222-3
1960:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1935:
1934:0-380-73191-6
1931:
1927:
1923:
1921:
1920:0-275-97778-1
1917:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1906:0-938311-11-5
1903:
1899:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1859:
1852:
1846:
1839:
1833:
1826:
1820:
1818:
1810:
1804:
1797:
1791:
1784:
1778:
1776:
1768:
1762:
1760:
1751:
1745:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1725:
1717:
1710:
1702:
1696:
1689:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1667:
1661:
1654:
1648:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1619:
1613:
1606:
1600:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1569:
1563:
1556:
1550:
1542:
1536:
1529:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1511:
1505:
1498:
1492:
1485:
1479:
1472:
1466:
1464:
1456:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1433:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1007:
998:
997:
992:
991:
986:
980:
979:
976:
975:
970:
969:
964:
963:
960:
954:
942:
941:
938:
937:
933:
932:
920:
916:
913:
911:
907:
903:
899:
896:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
866:
865:
864:
856:
854:
849:
843:
841:
837:
832:
829:
825:
822:
818:
814:
810:
808:
805:and bore the
804:
800:
796:
795:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
762:
758:
752:
749:
745:
736:
727:
725:
720:
718:
713:
710:
705:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
674:
670:
668:
664:
663:Never Say Die
656:
652:
647:
643:
641:
636:
634:
633:Carlton Hotel
629:
624:
619:
617:
613:
609:
608:North Berwick
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
584:Staffordshire
581:
577:
573:
572:
566:
563:
559:
558:mineral water
555:
551:
550:
545:
541:
537:
529:
525:
520:
511:
508:
504:
499:
497:
493:
489:
488:
483:
479:
475:
472:
468:
464:
460:
455:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
424:
420:
415:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
369:
366:
361:
352:
343:
341:
337:
333:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
283:
279:
274:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
242:Kenwood House
239:
238:Staffordshire
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
212:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
176:
174:
170:
166:
158:
155:
151:
148:
145:
141:
138:
135:
133:
129:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
109:
107:
105:
101:
82:
77:
73:
64:26 April 1929
63:
59:
56:
52:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2377:
2359:
2341:
2318:
2242:
2147:Alexander II
2001:
1986:
1968:
1954:
1939:
1938:King, Greg.
1925:
1911:
1897:
1883:
1876:
1870:Bibliography
1858:
1850:
1845:
1837:
1832:
1824:
1808:
1803:
1795:
1790:
1782:
1769:, p. 326–327
1766:
1744:
1733:
1724:
1715:
1709:
1695:
1687:
1665:
1660:
1652:
1647:
1639:
1617:
1612:
1604:
1599:
1591:
1567:
1562:
1554:
1549:
1535:
1527:
1509:
1504:
1496:
1491:
1483:
1478:
1470:
1454:
1162:
918:
901:
871:
862:
844:
839:
833:
816:
811:
791:
780:Prince Louis
771:
765:
753:
741:
721:
714:
706:
675:
671:
662:
660:
637:
620:
580:stately home
571:Country Life
569:
567:
547:
533:
500:
485:
470:
456:
428:
393:
385:Duke of Teck
373:Mary of Teck
370:
357:
329:
312:
310:
287:
219:
177:
164:
163:
66:(1929-04-26)
18:
2441:1929 deaths
2436:1861 births
2279:Nicholas II
2116:Alexander I
1794:Cockfield,
1730:"No. 27331"
1686:Cockfield,
1664:Trevelyan,
1651:Cockfield,
1616:Cockfield,
1603:Cockfield,
1590:Cockfield,
1566:Trevelyan,
1526:Alexander,
1508:Alexander,
1495:Cockfield,
1482:Alexander,
1469:Alexander,
1453:Cockfield,
884:Westminster
803:Mountbatten
748:Nicholas II
744:World War I
698:Sandringham
655:Vanity Fair
638:During the
635:in Cannes.
421:(left) and
313:Miche-Miche
2430:Categories
2126:Nicholas I
1796:White Crow
1688:White Crow
1653:White Crow
1638:Crawford,
1618:White Crow
1605:White Crow
1592:White Crow
1497:White Crow
1455:White Crow
774:) married
761:Queen Mary
730:Last years
690:Edward VII
665:, about a
612:Edward VII
576:Keele Hall
528:Edward VII
503:house laws
268:Early life
254:Bolsheviks
240:and later
234:Keele Hall
44:1861-10-16
2084:Peter III
1853:, p. 194.
1827:, p. 192.
1811:, p. 190.
1716:The Times
1668:, p. 207.
1570:, p. 205.
1557:, p. 184.
892:Galitzine
840:Boy Torby
813:Anastasia
678:Hampstead
628:Anastasia
540:Wiesbaden
457:While in
439:Ignatieva
222:Wiesbaden
2079:Peter II
1849:Beéche,
1840:, p. 179
1823:Beéche,
1807:Beéche,
1798:, p. 139
1785:, p. 178
1642:, p. 148
1620:, p. 103
1607:, p. 102
1553:Beéche,
1530:, p. 149
926:Ancestry
880:Abercorn
859:Children
851:wife in
792:His/Her
757:George V
709:George V
507:dynastic
496:San Remo
435:Walewska
389:Romanovs
346:Marriage
278:Nicholas
180:Caucasus
1690:, p. 33
1655:, p. 64
1594:, p. 32
1512:, p. 21
1486:, p. 20
1473:, p. 16
1457:, p. 17
828:comital
768:Nadejda
742:During
554:Borjomi
487:protégé
321:Georgia
284:, 1876.
228:and in
208:Emperor
184:Romanov
97:
89:
85:
2100:Paul I
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