1413:: Among other things, the Facebook Statement of Rights and Responsibilities says: "You will not post content that: is hateful, threatening, or pornographic; incites violence; or contains nudity or graphic or gratuitous violence", "You will not use Facebook to do anything unlawful, misleading, malicious, or discriminatory", "We can remove any content or information you post on Facebook if we believe that it violates this Statement", and "If you are located in a country embargoed by the United States, or are on the U.S. Treasury Department's list of Specially Designated Nationals you will not engage in commercial activities on Facebook (such as advertising or payments) or operate a Platform application or website".
4452:
1443:: The YouTube Terms of Service include the statements: "YouTube reserves the right to decide whether Content violates these Terms of Service for reasons other than copyright infringement, such as, but not limited to, pornography, obscenity, or excessive length. YouTube may at any time, without prior notice and in its sole discretion, remove such Content and/or terminate a user's account for submitting such material in violation of these Terms of Service", "YouTube will remove all Content if properly notified that such Content infringes on another's intellectual property rights", and "YouTube reserves the right to remove Content without prior notice".
33:
3017:
1419:: Google's general Terms of Service, which were updated on 1 March 2012, state: "We may suspend or stop providing our Services to you if you do not comply with our terms or policies or if we are investigating suspected misconduct", "We may review content to determine whether it is illegal or violates our policies, and we may remove or refuse to display content that we reasonably believe violates our policies or the law", and "We respond to notices of alleged copyright infringement and terminate accounts of repeat infringers according to the process set out in the U.S.
4438:
426:
3307:
2442:
3594:
3227:
2636:
digital media freedom, as well as the access and openness of other digital means of transmitting information, particularly mobile phones and text messaging services. Results are presented for three areas: Obstacles to Access, Limits on
Content, and Violations of User Rights. The results from the three areas are combined into a total score for a country (from 0 for best to 100 for worst) and countries are rated as "Free" (0 to 30), "Partly Free" (31 to 60), or "Not Free" (61 to 100) based on the totals.
3241:
1040:
3255:
1233:
non-existent, and there is relatively little oversight from civil society or other independent groups. Vendors often consider information about what sites and content is blocked valuable intellectual property that is not made available outside the company, sometimes not even to the organizations purchasing the filters. Thus by relying upon out-of-the-box filtering systems, the detailed task of deciding what is or is not acceptable speech may be outsourced to the commercial vendors.
3213:
3157:
3115:
3405:
11986:
3580:
3377:
3321:
3269:
3003:
1248:
3419:
3608:
1484:: Yahoo!'s Terms of Service (TOS) state: "You acknowledge that Yahoo! may or may not pre-screen Content, but that Yahoo! and its designees shall have the right (but not the obligation) in their sole discretion to pre-screen, refuse, or remove any Content that is available via the Yahoo! Services. Without limiting the foregoing, Yahoo! and its designees shall have the right to remove any Content that violates the TOS or is otherwise objectionable."
3391:
3059:
3433:
3129:
3510:
3496:
3447:
3349:
3199:
3101:
2989:
2975:
3283:
401:
3538:
3461:
3475:
1500:
filtering and blocking do not remove content from the
Internet, but instead block access to it. Therefore, as long as there is at least one publicly accessible uncensored system, it will often be possible to gain access to the otherwise censored material. However circumvention may not be possible by non-tech-savvy users, so blocking and filtering remain effective means of censoring the Internet access of large numbers of users.
3171:
3622:
3552:
3335:
3185:
3045:
8645:
3031:
3087:
1201:
reform in public policy, public opinion, social practice, economic activities, and relationships), "drugs" (abused drugs, marijuana, prescribed medications, supplements and unregulated compounds), "religion" (non-traditional religions occult and folklore, traditional religions), .... The blocking categories used by the filtering programs may contain errors leading to the unintended blocking of websites. The blocking of
3566:
3363:
3143:
3524:
3073:
11996:
8683:
2960:, started publishing a list of "Enemies of the Internet". The organization classifies a country as an enemy of the internet because "all of these countries mark themselves out not just for their capacity to censor news and information online but also for their almost systematic repression of Internet users." In 2007 a second list of countries "Under Surveillance" (originally "Under Watch") was added.
633:. Blocking and filtering may also vary within a country across different ISPs. Countries may filter sensitive content on an ongoing basis and/or introduce temporary filtering during key time periods such as elections. In some cases the censoring authorities may surreptitiously block content to mislead the public into believing that censorship has not been applied. This is achieved by returning a fake
4179:(media struggle) was extensive. Internet and mobile technologies, particularly social networks such as Facebook and Twitter, played and are playing important new and unique roles in organizing and spreading the protests and making them visible to the rest of the world. An activist in Egypt tweeted, "we use Facebook to schedule the protests, Twitter to coordinate, and YouTube to tell the world".
992:, may exclude web sites that they would ordinarily include. This renders a site invisible to people who do not know where to find it. When a major portal does this, it has a similar effect to censorship. Sometimes this exclusion is done to satisfy a legal or other requirement, other times it is purely at the discretion of the portal. For example, Google.de and Google.fr remove
1429:: Google's Webmaster Tools help includes the following statement: "Google may temporarily or permanently remove sites from its index and search results if it believes it is obligated to do so by law, if the sites do not meet Google's quality guidelines, or for other reasons, such as if the sites detract from users' ability to locate relevant information."
1209:, due to Secure Computing wrongly categorizing Dailymotion as pornography for its SmartFilter filtering software. It was initially thought that Tunisia had blocked Dailymotion due to satirical videos about human rights violations in Tunisia, but after Secure Computing corrected the mistake access to Dailymotion was gradually restored in Tunisia.
1437:: The Twitter Terms of Service state: "We reserve the right at all times (but will not have an obligation) to remove or refuse to distribute any Content on the Services and to terminate users or reclaim usernames" and "We reserve the right to remove Content alleged to be copyright infringing without prior notice and at our sole discretion".
3730:
online media, and online social cleavages. The data set uses V-Dem's methodology of aggregating surveys of experts from around the world. It has been updated each year starting in 2019, with data covering from 2000–2021. These ratings are more similar to other expert analyses like
Freedom House than remotely sensed data from Access Now.
4248:. Facebook was noted as being suspended due to an objection to its policy of reviewing news stories for authenticity where they were produced by Russian state-backed media before allowing them to be published on its platform. It was subject to a total ban whereas Twitter was suspended regionally. Reports have identified that
4958:
2140:
their personal history....The Court's decision is a retrograde move that misunderstands the role and responsibility of search engines and the wider internet. It should send chills down the spine of everyone in the
European Union who believes in the crucial importance of free expression and freedom of information."
2923:. According to the report, few countries demonstrated any gains in Internet freedom, and the improvements that were recorded reflected less vigorous application of existing controls rather than new steps taken by governments to actively increase Internet freedom. The year's largest improvement was recorded in
4148:, users are frequently sent block pages stating that the website is blocked because of pornography, even when the page contains no pornography. Uzbeki ISPs may also redirect users' request for blocked websites to unrelated websites, or sites similar to the banned websites, but with different information.
1232:
to make changes to their software, to refrain from doing business with repressive governments, and to educate schools who have inadvertently reconfigured their filtering software too strictly. Nevertheless, regulations and accountability related to the use of commercial filters and services are often
1200:
Many filtering programs allow blocking to be configured based on dozens of categories and sub-categories such as these from
Websense: "abortion" (pro-life, pro-choice), "adult material" (adult content, lingerie and swimsuit, nudity, sex, sex education), "advocacy groups" (sites that promote change or
494:
of the censoring state. Internet censorship may also put restrictions on what information can be made internet accessible. Organizations providing internet access – such as schools and libraries – may choose to preclude access to material that they consider undesirable,
2148:
Various contexts influence whether or not an internet user will be resilient to censorship attempts. Users are more resilient to censorship if they are aware that information is being manipulated. This awareness of censorship leads to users finding ways to circumvent it. Awareness of censorship also
1580:
There are several motives or rationales for
Internet filtering: politics and power, social norms and morals, and security concerns. Protecting existing economic interests is an additional emergent motive for Internet filtering. In addition, networking tools and applications that allow the sharing of
1556:
in web searches created greater accessibility to most sites originally blocked or heavily monitored. Many social media sites including, Facebook, Google, and
Twitter have added an automatic redirection to HTTPS as of 2017. With the added adoption of HTTPS use, "censors" are left with limited options
510:
The extent of
Internet censorship varies on a country-to-country basis. While some countries have moderate Internet censorship, other countries go as far as to limit the access of information such as news and suppress and silence discussion among citizens. Internet censorship also occurs in response
4186:
in 2011. In Syria, the Syrian
Electronic Army (SEA), an organization that operates with at least tacit support of the government, claims responsibility for defacing or otherwise compromising scores of websites that it contends spread news hostile to the Syrian government. SEA disseminates denial of
3812:
Almost four in five
Internet users and non-users around the world felt that access to the Internet was a fundamental right (50% strongly agreed, 29% somewhat agreed, 9% somewhat disagreed, 6% strongly disagreed, and 6% gave no opinion). And while there is strong support for this right in all of the
2262:
Generally, national laws affecting content within a country only apply to services that operate within that country and do not affect international services, but this has not been established clearly by international case law. There are concerns that due to the vast differences in freedom of speech
2152:
Other important factors for censorship resiliency are the demand for the information being concealed, and the ability to pay the costs to circumvent censorship. Entertainment content is more resilient to online censorship than political content, and users with more education, technology access, and
1453:
by any editor as part of the normal process of editing and updating articles. Knowledge's deletion policy outlines the circumstances in which entire articles can be deleted. Any editor who believes a page doesn't belong in the encyclopedia can propose its deletion. Such a page can be deleted by any
3729:
The V-Dem Digital Societies Project measures a range of questions related to internet censorship, misinformation online, and internet shutdowns. This annual report includes 35 indicators assessing five areas: disinformation, digital media freedom, state regulation of digital media, polarization of
1527:
There are risks to using circumvention software or other methods to bypass Internet censorship. In some countries, individuals that gain access to otherwise restricted content may be violating the law and if caught can be expelled, fired, jailed, or subject to other punishments and loss of access.
1006:
and attacks that deface opposition websites can produce the same result as other blocking techniques, preventing or limiting access to certain websites or other online services, although only for a limited period of time. This technique might be used during the lead up to an election or some other
628:
or be determined more dynamically based on a real-time examination of the information being exchanged. Blacklists may be produced manually or automatically and are often not available to non-customers of the blocking software. Blocking or filtering can be done at a centralized national level, at a
2635:
for countries worldwide. The countries surveyed represent a sample with a broad range of geographical diversity and levels of economic development, as well as varying levels of political and media freedom. The surveys ask a set of questions designed to measure each country's level of Internet and
1401:
Most major web service operators reserve to themselves broad rights to remove or pre-screen content, and to suspend or terminate user accounts, sometimes without giving a specific list or only a vague general list of the reasons allowing the removal. The phrases "at our sole discretion", "without
1030:
Technical censorship techniques are subject to both over- and under-blocking since it is often impossible to always block exactly the targeted content without blocking other permissible material or allowing some access to targeted material and so providing more or less protection than desired. An
567:
Many of the challenges associated with Internet censorship are similar to those for offline censorship of more traditional media such as newspapers, magazines, books, music, radio, television, and film. One difference is that national borders are more permeable online: residents of a country that
2542:
Through 2010 the OpenNet Initiative had documented Internet filtering by governments in over forty countries worldwide. The level of filtering in 26 countries in 2007 and in 25 countries in 2009 was classified in the political, social, and security areas. Of the 41 separate countries classified,
2278:
was required to globally comply with a takedown request made in relationship to defamatory material that was posted to Facebook by an Austrian that was libelous of another, which had been determined to be illegal under Austrian laws. The case created a problematic precedent that the Internet may
2139:
ruling ... allows individuals to complain to search engines about information they do not like with no legal oversight. This is akin to marching into a library and forcing it to pulp books. Although the ruling is intended for private individuals it opens the door to anyone who wants to whitewash
1581:
information related to these motives are themselves subjected to filtering and blocking. And while there is considerable variation from country to country, the blocking of web sites in a local language is roughly twice that of web sites available only in English or other international languages.
3738:
Access Now maintains an annual list of internet shutdowns, throttling, and blockages as part of the #KeepItOn project. These data track several features of shutdowns including their location, their duration, the particular services impacted, the government's justification for the shutdown, and
1499:
Internet censorship circumvention is one of the processes used by technologically savvy Internet users to bypass the technical aspects of Internet filtering and gain access to the otherwise censored material. Circumvention is an inherent problem for those wishing to censor the Internet because
1317:
Access to search results may be restricted due to government involvement in the censorship of specific search terms, content may be excluded due to terms set with search engines. By allowing search engines to operate in new territory they must agree to abide to censorship standards set by the
668:
using technologies that guarantee material cannot be removed and prevents the identification of authors. Technologically savvy users can often find ways to access blocked content. Nevertheless, blocking remains an effective means of limiting access to sensitive information for most users when
2171:
As more people in more places begin using the Internet for important activities, there is an increase in online censorship, using increasingly sophisticated techniques. The motives, scope, and effectiveness of Internet censorship vary widely from country to country. The countries engaged in
2149:
allows users to factor this manipulation into their belief systems. Knowledge of censorship also offers some citizens incentive to try to discover information that is being concealed. In contrast, those that lack awareness of censorship cannot easily compensate for information manipulation.
1539:
Another way to circumvent Internet censorship is to physically go to an area where the Internet is not censored. In 2017 a so-called "Internet refugee camp" was established by IT workers in the village of Bonako, just outside an area of Cameroon where the Internet is regularly blocked.
1519:
and circumvention software tools. Solutions have differing ease of use, speed, security, and risks. Most, however, rely on gaining access to an Internet connection that is not subject to filtering, often in a different jurisdiction not subject to the same censorship laws. According to
2433:, this outage is notable in how it differs from past events. Unlike previous efforts at censorship and bandwidth throttling, the internet of Iran is presently experiencing a multi-day wholesale disconnection for much of its population – arguably the largest such event ever for Iran.
4953:
795:
Application service providers (e.g. social media companies), who may be legally required to remove particular content. Foreign providers with business presence in given country may be also coerced into restricting access to specific contents for visitors from the requesting
3650:
When the "Countries under surveillance" list was introduced in 2008, it listed 10 countries. Between 2008 and 2012 the number of countries listed grew to 16 and then fell to 11. The number grew to 12 with the addition of Norway in 2020. The list was last updated in 2020.
890:
that resolves domain names correctly, but domain name servers are subject to blockage as well, especially IP address blocking. Another workaround is to bypass DNS if the IP address is obtainable from other sources and is not itself blocked. Examples are modifying the
3642:
When the "Enemies of the Internet" list was introduced in 2006, it listed 13 countries. From 2006 to 2012 the number of countries listed fell to 10 and then rose to 12. The list was not updated in 2013. In 2014 the list grew to 19 with an increased emphasis on
1589:
Censorship directed at political opposition to the ruling government is common in authoritarian and repressive regimes. Some countries block web sites related to religion and minority groups, often when these movements represent a threat to the ruling regimes.
2119:—which rejected the claim on the grounds that it was lawful and accurate, but accepted a complaint against Google and asked Google to remove the results. Google sued in Spain and the lawsuit was transferred to the European Court of Justice. The court ruled in
608:
at Harvard University stated that: "We are confident that the tool developers will for the most part keep ahead of the governments' blocking efforts", but also that "...we believe that less than two percent of all filtered Internet users use circumvention
1345:
platforms and other service providers that generally provide a venue for free speech or expression. Banking and financial service providers, among other companies, have also denied services to controversial activists or organizations, a practice known as
1535:
reported that the U.S. is engaged in a "global effort to deploy 'shadow' Internet and mobile phone systems that dissidents can use to undermine repressive governments that seek to silence them by censoring or shutting down telecommunications networks."
4098:
Among the countries that filter or block online content, few openly admit to or fully disclose their filtering and blocking activities. States are frequently opaque and/or deceptive about the blocking of access to political information. For example:
788:
Individual institutions, which in most cases implement some form of Internet access controls to enforce their own policies, but, especially in case of public or educational institutions, may be requested or coerced to do this on the request from the
978:: A technically simpler method of Internet censorship is to completely cut off all routers, either by software or by hardware (turning off machines, pulling out cables). A circumvention method could be to use a satellite ISP to access Internet.
967:
connection is blocked by the filter, future connection attempts from both sides can also be blocked for some variable amount of time. Depending on the location of the block, other users or websites may also be blocked, if the communication is
2575:), 13 were found to engage in pervasive filtering in one or more areas, and 34 were found to engage in some level of filtering in one or more areas. Of the 10 countries classified in both 2007 and 2009, one reduced its level of filtering (
1178:(Italy), and Trovicor (Germany). The companies sell products that are liable to be used by governments to violate human rights and freedom of information. RWB said that the list is not exhaustive and will be expanded in the coming months.
1083:
sold by Internet security companies are primarily marketed to businesses and individuals seeking to protect themselves and their employees and families, they are also used by governments to block what they consider sensitive content.
2253:
There are international bodies that oppose internet censorship, for example "Internet censorship is open to challenge at the World Trade Organization (WTO) as it can restrict trade in online services, a forthcoming study argues".
6180:
1079:, explain that companies in the United States, Finland, France, Germany, Britain, Canada, and South Africa are in part responsible for the increasing sophistication of online content filtering worldwide. While the off-the-shelf
4110:(UAE) are among the few states that publish detailed information about their filtering practices and display a notification to the user when attempting to access a blocked website. The websites that are blocked are mostly
6774:
2250:. According to a study in 2014, censorship in China is used to muzzle those outside government who attempt to spur the creation of crowds for any reason—in opposition to, in support of, or unrelated to the government.
6018:
Roberts, H., Zuckerman, E., & Palfrey, J. (2009, March). 2007 Circumvention Landscape Report: Methods, Uses, and Tools (Rep.). Retrieved 18 March 2016, from The Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard
572:
even though they lack physical or legal control over the websites themselves. This in turn requires the use of technical censorship methods that are unique to the Internet, such as site blocking and content filtering.
3813:
countries surveyed, it is surprising that the United States and Canada were among the top five countries where people most strongly disagreed that access to the Internet was a fundamental right of all people (13% in
8271:
6084:
1193:, to censor the Internet and keep tabs on dissidents. Cisco said it had made nothing special for China. Cisco is also accused of aiding the Chinese government in monitoring and apprehending members of the banned
3674:
a list of "State Enemies of the Internet", countries whose governments are involved in active, intrusive surveillance of news providers, resulting in grave violations of freedom of information and human rights;
4206:
In response to the greater freedom of expression brought about by the Arab Spring revolutions in countries that were previously subject to very strict censorship, in March 2011, Reporters Without Borders moved
1930:
have alleged that censorship of child pornography is being used as a pretext by copyright lobby organizations to get politicians to implement similar site blocking legislation against copyright-related piracy.
4219:
from the list entirely. At the same time, there were warnings that Internet censorship might increase in other countries following the events of the Arab Spring. However, in 2013, Libyan communication company
534:
71% of respondents agreed that "censorship should exist in some form on the Internet". In the same survey 83% agreed that "access to the Internet should be considered a basic human right" and 86% agreed that
5764:
3763:
Despite worries about privacy and fraud, people around the world see access to the internet as their fundamental right. They think the web is a force for good, and most don't want governments to regulate
9227:
7397:
2238:, as well as many general Internet sites. The government requires Internet search firms and state media to censor issues deemed officially "sensitive," and blocks access to foreign websites including
6467:
1524:, over 400 million people use virtual private networks to circumvent censorship or for an increased level of privacy. The majority of circumvention techniques are not suitable for day to day use.
1363:. According to Reynolds, in 2018 "the internet giants decided to slam the gates on a number of people and ideas they don't like." On 6 August 2018, for example, several major platforms, including
11512:
5297:
2274:
in September 2019 that ruled that the EU's right to be forgotten only applied to services within the EU, and not globally. But in a contrary decision in October 2019, the same court ruled that
2115:
newspaper about an auction for his foreclosed home, for a debt that he had subsequently paid. He initially attempted to have the article removed by complaining to Spain's data protection agency—
7371:
6552:
1912:(VoIP). These services can reduce the customer base of telecommunications companies, many of which enjoy entrenched monopoly positions and some of which are government sponsored or controlled.
6115:
5726:
Provision of information in this fashion is in keeping with principles of freedom of expression, as long as it is done transparently and does not overwhelm alternative sources of information.
2382:
Local shutdowns are frequently ordered in India during times of unrest and security concerns. Some countries have used localized Internet shutdowns to combat cheating during exams, including
1305:
Individuals may be paid to write articles and comments in support of particular positions or attacking opposition positions, usually without acknowledging the payments to readers and viewers.
6146:
5470:
9313:
4309:– a coalition of credit card issuers and Internet services companies that seeks to eliminate commercial child pornography by taking action on the payment systems that fund these operations
7513:
6952:
5551:
2911:
The 2014 report assessed 65 countries and reported that 36 countries experienced a negative trajectory in Internet freedom since the previous year, with the most significant declines in
7199:
6169:
5703:
8535:
5823:
1031:
example is blocking an IP-address of a server that hosts multiple websites, which prevents access to all of the websites rather than just those that contain content deemed offensive.
9328:
3987:
Do you use "anonymization" services, for example, the "anonymize" feature in your web browser, specialized software like Tor, third - party redirection services like duckduckgo.com?
860:
that have access to the target websites, but proxies may be jammed or blocked, and some Web sites, such as Knowledge (when editing), also block proxies. Some large websites such as
5202:
3743:
and then confirms these instances with reports from civil society, government, in-country volunteers, or ISPs. These methods have been found to be less prone to false positives.
12020:
8231:
2927:, where restrictions to content and access were relaxed from what had been imposed in 2013 to stifle rioting in the northeastern states. Notable improvement was also recorded in
1474:, either informally or formally. An additional means of hiding specific content within Knowledge articles is revision deletion, or RevDel, by which an administrator can perform
9920:
9566:
6778:
5738:
7607:
5445:
5528:
5014:
4912:
370:
9323:
4798:"There May Soon Be Three Internets. America's Won't Necessarily Be the Best. - A breakup of the web grants privacy, security and freedom to some, and not so much to others"
11505:
7289:
6752:
2425:
ordered the disconnection of much of the country's internet connectivity as a response to widespread protests against the government's decision to raise gas prices. While
1968:
Blocking the intermediate tools and applications of the Internet that can be used to assist users in accessing and sharing sensitive material is common in many countries.
9641:
8697:, an anti-censorship site that catalogs past and present censored works, using verifiable sources, and a forum to discuss organizing against and circumventing censorship.
8352:
8260:
6076:
942:
are more likely to be censored. Typical circumvention methods are to use encrypted connections – such as VPN and TLS/SSL – to escape the HTML content, or by reducing the
701:
Various parties are using different technical methods of preventing public access to undesirable resources, with varying levels of effectiveness, costs and side effects.
620:
concludes "... the control of information on the Internet and Web is certainly feasible, and technological advances do not therefore guarantee greater freedom of speech."
7487:
3678:
a list of "Corporate Enemies of the Internet", companies that sell products that are liable to be used by governments to violate human rights and freedom of information.
6575:
2211:
are blocked in many countries throughout the world. In fact, many countries throughout the world, including some democracies with long traditions of strong support for
4674:
9975:
7345:
5254:
2304:(BGP) routes to Egyptian networks were shut down from about 22:10 to 22:35 UTC 27 January. This full block was implemented without cutting off major intercontinental
771:
etc. In addition to facing huge performance challenges due to large bandwidths involved, these do not give censors access to information exchanged within the country.
8451:
7543:
6498:
5800:
4183:
4166:
2313:
6808:
4287:(Cospol Internet Related Child Abusive Material Project) – a project of the European Chiefs of Police Task Force to combat commercial and organized distribution of
2639:
Starting in 2009 Freedom House has produced nine editions of the report. There was no report in 2010. The reports generally cover the period from June through May.
2308:
links, with Renesys stating on 27 January, "Critical European-Asian fiber-optic routes through Egypt appear to be unaffected for now." Full blocks also occurred in
9859:
9260:
8407:
7842:
7809:
7785:
2600:
2572:
2068:
2064:
1623:
670:
10035:
7737:
7694:
5180:
3778:
Opinion was evenly split between Internet users who felt that "the internet is a safe place to express my opinions" (48%) and those who disagreed (49%). Users in
11498:
7638:
4808:
9413:
3759:
using telephone and in-person interviews between 30 November 2009 and 7 February 2010. GlobeScan Chairman Doug Miller felt, overall, that the poll showed that:
576:
Views about the feasibility and effectiveness of Internet censorship have evolved in parallel with the development of the Internet and censorship technologies:
7393:
9363:
7577:
8556:
8478:
8128:
6613:
9450:
9298:
4857:
8426:
4216:
1259:
Laws and regulations may prohibit various types of content and/or require that content be removed or blocked either proactively or in response to requests.
9651:
9576:
9516:
9368:
3846:
conducted online interviews of more than 10,000 Internet users in 20 countries. Some of the results relevant to Internet censorship are summarized below.
1908:
The protection of existing economic interests is sometimes the motivation for blocking new Internet services such as low-cost telephone services that use
10417:
6688:
6464:
4182:
This successful use of digital media in turn led to increased censorship including the complete loss of Internet access for periods of time in Egypt and
10025:
9799:
9759:
9556:
9420:
9393:
9348:
6399:
8310:
7131:
6371:
5294:
4993:
9616:
9586:
9470:
7367:
6549:
5365:
5119:
10164:
5395:
2932:
540:
10065:
9940:
9636:
9601:
9521:
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9308:
8516:
7948:
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6914:
6895:
6107:
6054:
5611:
5093:
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4137:
requests for a varying time, which appears to the user as "time-out" error with no explanation. Tunisia has altered the block page functionality of
864:
have allocated additional IP addresses to circumvent the block, but later the block was extended to cover the new addresses. Due to challenges with
7254:
5419:
2421:, has described the operation as "unusual in its scale" and way more advanced. Beginning Saturday afternoon on 16 November 2019, the government of
9985:
9900:
9890:
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9571:
9531:
9445:
9435:
9425:
9378:
6262:
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become subject to regulation under the strictest national defamation laws, and would limit free speech that may be acceptable in other countries.
9269:
9222:
7881:
7165:
6292:
5885:
5316:
4615:
4378:
718:
10010:
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9621:
9591:
9526:
9490:
9440:
9358:
7987:
7509:
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938:
transmissions when a certain number of controversial keywords are detected. This affects all TCP-based protocols such as HTTP, FTP and POP, but
10444:
9995:
9062:
5644:
5215:
9596:
9465:
9430:
9373:
9353:
4281:– an online hacktivist collective that express its opposition to Internet censorship through protests and online hacking in several countries.
2335:
were disconnected from 3 June to 9 July 2019, in response to a political opposition sit-in seeking civilian rule. A near-complete shutdown in
7761:
7319:
5700:
5149:
4306:
1262:
Publishers, authors, and ISPs may receive formal and informal requests to remove, alter, slant, or block access to specific sites or content.
10121:
9769:
9734:
9699:
9631:
9480:
9318:
8724:
8532:
8093:
Mechkova, V., Daniel P., Brigitte S.,&Steven W. (2020). Digital Society Project Dataset v2.Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project
6661:
5815:
5278:
4141:, the commercial filtering software it uses, so that users attempting to access blocked websites receive a fake "File not found" error page.
32:
10498:
9253:
8053:
6349:
4337:
2519:
2127:
laws. It began compliance on 30 May 2014 during which it received 12,000 requests to have personal details removed from its search engine.
652:, total censorship of information is very difficult or impossible to achieve due to the underlying distributed technology of the Internet.
9455:
9383:
9303:
6981:
2560:
10222:
10212:
8738:
8204:
Taye, B. (2020). Targeted, Cut Off, and Left in the DarkThe #KeepItOn Report on internet shutdowns in 2019. Access Now.
6866:
6528:
1874:
886:
or other means. This affects all IP-based protocols such as HTTP, FTP and POP. A typical circumvention method is to find an alternative
511:
to or in anticipation of events such as elections, protests, and riots. An example is the increased censorship due to the events of the
10388:
8218:
5463:"BAD TRAFFIC: Sandvine's PacketLogic Devices Used to Deploy Government Spyware in Turkey and Redirect Egyptian Users to Affiliate Ads?"
4366:(formerly Chilling Effects) – a joint project of the Electronic Frontier Foundation and several U.S. university law schools and clinics
6002:
5735:
10434:
10100:
8007:
6240:
5923:
5691:", citing Amnesty International: People's Republic of China: State Control of the Internet in China, ASA, 17/007/2002, November 2002.
5668:
3739:
actual reasons for the shutdown as reported by independent media. Unlike Freedom House or V-Dem, Access Now detects shutdowns using
2564:
1466:
allows for outright deletion of articles that are so clearly in violation of rules of the website that they do not need to undergo a
778:
9689:
7599:
5442:
4381:- is a free software, global observation network created to detect censorship, surveillance and traffic manipulation on the internet
173:
10793:
10453:
9646:
5520:
4698:
4360:– a government-supported charity that manages the blacklist used by UK ISPs to block access to websites hosting child abuse content
3818:
2568:
2180:
605:
10131:
9581:
5009:
4909:
1733:
Social filtering is censorship of topics that are held to be antithetical to accepted societal norms. In particular censorship of
9246:
7659:
1564:
does not inherently prevent the censorship of an entire domain, as the domain name is left unencrypted in the ClientHello of the
10070:
10045:
9925:
9293:
7426:
7281:
7191:
2360:
2340:
820:
providers who tend to aggregate large amounts of content (e.g. images) may be also attractive target for censorship authorities.
717:. Lists are populated from different sources, ranging from private supplier through courts to specialized government agencies (
10251:
10030:
9839:
8349:
6748:
6638:
4158:
2348:
10095:
9930:
9338:
8880:
7479:
4399:– a U.S.-based website dedicated to "preserving First Amendment rights for Internet users, particularly those younger than 18"
2920:
10463:
10278:
10157:
9969:
9950:
9210:
9047:
8897:
8497:
8389:
6572:
5961:
5584:
5347:
5295:"The Emergence of Open and Organized Pro-Government Cyber Attacks in the Middle East: The Case of the Syrian Electronic Army"
5045:
5021:, Hal Roberts, Ethan Zuckerman, and John Palfrey, Beckman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University, March 2009
3805:
The aspects of the Internet that cause the most concern include: fraud (32%), violent and explicit content (27%), threats to
2263:
between countries, that the ability for one country to affect speech across the global Internet could have chilling effects.
1475:
10080:
10060:
10040:
10015:
9980:
9288:
6726:
5246:
4773:
1341:
is a form of Internet censorship in which controversial speakers or speech are suspended, banned, or otherwise shut down by
744:
Enforcement of the censor-nominated technologies can be applied at various levels of countries and Internet infrastructure:
12000:
8786:
8687:
7341:
5866:
4387:(OTF) – a U.S. Government funded program created in 2012 at Radio Free Asia to support global Internet freedom technologies
4107:
1852:, and to protect their reputations in the event of their networks being used, for example, to carry out sexual harassment.
9844:
9744:
9495:
8619:
8444:
7535:
7098:
6488:
5792:
1741:
enjoys very widespread public support and such content is subject to censorship and other restrictions in most countries.
9814:
9460:
9283:
8814:
7804:
7780:
6800:
4610:
4585:
4486:
4340:(IFEX) – a global network of non-governmental organizations that promotes and defends the right to freedom of expression
4103:
499:
or even illegal, and regard this as ethical behavior rather than censorship. Individuals and organizations may engage in
178:
9895:
9403:
8404:
7831:
7229:
7040:
10439:
10412:
10405:
10126:
10085:
9824:
9784:
8950:
7732:
7705:
5172:
4738:
4328:
4322:
2592:
1572:
TLS extension expands on HTTPS and encrypts the entire ClientHello but this depends on both client and server support.
1255:
Internet content is also subject to censorship methods similar to those used with more traditional media. For example:
641:
454:
404:
9804:
7630:
6416:
4797:
1569:
11521:
9905:
9864:
9072:
8838:
4543:
4332:
4145:
2596:
2588:
2580:
2039:
1494:
1450:
1011:
552:
10020:
9809:
9511:
8329:
6168:
Zittrain, Jonathan; Faris, Robert; Noman, Helmi; Clark, Justin; Tilton, Casey; Morrison-Westphal, Ryan (June 2017).
11449:
10491:
10458:
10343:
10321:
10150:
10116:
9819:
9749:
9714:
7569:
4688:
4604:
2364:
2293:
Several governments have resorted to shutting down most or all Internet connections in all or part of the country.
1420:
255:
10075:
9388:
8552:
8119:
6610:
5847:
2123:
that search engines are responsible for the content they point to and thus, Google was required to comply with EU
1047:
blocking Facebook in an organization where it has been configured to block a category named "Personals and Dating"
709:
Entities mandating and implementing the censorship usually identify them by one of the following items: keywords,
601:
stated that he sees government control of the Internet failing because the Web is almost entirely privately owned.
11442:
11230:
10266:
9849:
9794:
9764:
9626:
8475:
8423:
8163:
Comparing Measures of Internet Censorship: Analyzing the Tradeoffs between Expert Analysis and Remote Measurement
5756:
5600:
4847:
4713:
4683:(TPP) – a proposed multilateral Free Trade Agreement that includes controversial intellectual property provisions
3826:
3775:
Most Internet users (53%) felt that "the internet should never be regulated by any level of government anywhere".
2576:
935:
188:
9754:
4644:
4079:
To what degree would you accept increased control or monitoring of the Internet if you gained increased safety?
11790:
10207:
10050:
9990:
9965:
9955:
9945:
9910:
9869:
9774:
9485:
9408:
8183:
8097:
6696:
6594:
6448:
6213:
5640:
4667:
4564:
4300:
4208:
4122:
3779:
2916:
2608:
2584:
2552:
2527:
2406:
2309:
2231:
2200:
2162:
1722:
1639:
1225:
1217:
760:
591:
568:
bans certain information can find it on websites hosted outside the country. Thus censors must work to prevent
543:
and the right for expansive free speech and access to content without regard to the consequences. According to
9546:
7679:
and because their classifications focus on technical filtering, they do not include other types of censorship.
1371:, executed a coordinated, permanent ban on all accounts and media associated with conservative talk show host
10429:
10400:
10234:
10197:
10090:
10055:
9960:
9915:
9694:
9541:
9398:
8027:
6396:
6270:
5503:
4621:
4221:
3953:
How often do you read the privacy policies of websites or services that you share personal information with?
3830:
3814:
3783:
2953:
2912:
2548:
2196:
1718:
1186:
964:
932:
909:
strings are scanned for target keywords regardless of the domain name specified in the URL. This affects the
782:
260:
238:
8714:
8307:
8077:
7121:
6375:
5387:
4990:
4974:
4955:
Freedom of connection, freedom of expression: the changing legal and regulatory ecology shaping the Internet
4162:
2928:
2172:
state-mandated filtering are clustered in three main regions of the world: east Asia, central Asia, and the
1478:
of specific revisions of an article, thereby hiding certain information from the view of non-administrators.
12051:
11990:
11861:
11541:
10424:
10395:
10383:
10348:
10261:
10256:
10000:
9854:
9834:
9789:
9739:
9719:
9704:
9611:
9333:
9217:
7456:
5362:
5111:
4597:
4558:
4212:
4118:
3795:
3791:
3787:
2924:
2556:
2544:
2321:
1909:
1880:
1845:
756:
539:
should be guaranteed on the Internet". Perception of internet censorship in the US is largely based on the
10296:
9709:
9684:
6934:, Ronald Deibert, John Palfrey, Rafal Rohozinski, and Jonathan Zittrain, eds., MIT Press (Cambridge), 2008
6902:, Ronald Deibert, John Palfrey, Rafal Rohozinski, and Jonathan Zittrain, eds., MIT Press (Cambridge), 2008
6051:
5100:, Ronald Deibert, John Palfrey, Rafal Rohozinski, and Jonathan Zittrain, eds., MIT Press (Cambridge), 2008
4420:
1019:
673:, are able to devote significant resources to building and maintaining a comprehensive censorship system.
629:
decentralized sub-national level, or at an institutional level, for example in libraries, universities or
11253:
10484:
10378:
10360:
9729:
9561:
8870:
8513:
7959:
7909:
6922:
6911:
6890:
6296:
5618:
5088:
5077:
4708:
4533:
2604:
2072:
1553:
972:
through the blocking location. A circumvention method is to ignore the reset packet sent by the firewall.
910:
845:
685:
649:
218:
12023:
9724:
7368:"Ethiopia partially restores internet access days after blackout following reported Amhara coup attempt"
7258:
5416:
4224:
blocked the pornographic websites. It even blocked the family-filtered videos of ordinary websites like
6031:
4591:
2612:
1314:
Access to the Internet may be limited due to a lack of the necessary infrastructure, deliberate or not.
939:
841:
792:
Personal devices, whose manufacturers or vendors may be required by law to install censorship software.
206:
103:
10355:
9551:
9343:
7870:
5882:
5313:
4634:
2943:
2935:, which contains significant provisions governing net neutrality and safeguarding privacy protection.
1299:
Publishers, authors, and their families may be subject to threats, attacks, beatings, and even murder.
1272:
Publishers, authors, and ISPs may be subject to arrest, criminal prosecution, fines, and imprisonment.
11665:
11210:
10571:
10239:
10187:
9149:
9084:
8945:
8728:
7983:
5904:
4718:
4680:
4511:
4425:
4357:
4351:
3663:
2500:
2271:
2111:, a case brought by a Spanish man who requested the removal of a link to a digitized 1998 article in
2098:
1786:
1213:
950:
774:
768:
764:
613:
375:
245:
168:
128:
10173:
5636:
5223:
10749:
10744:
10336:
8955:
8779:
7756:
5285:, Declan McCullagh, CNET News, 23 October 2002, 8:55 pm PDT. Retrieved 22 April 2007 00:40 UTC
4703:
4515:
4497:
4457:
4393:– a joint project to monitor and report on Internet filtering and surveillance practices by nations
4343:
4215:
from its "Internet enemies" list to its list of countries "under surveillance" and in 2012 dropped
4188:
1565:
1455:
1052:
1003:
922:
906:
817:
811:
807:
118:
9238:
7311:
6665:
5275:
5145:
4428:) – a France-based international non-governmental organization that advocates freedom of the press
12030:
11639:
11596:
11490:
11474:
11411:
11122:
11059:
11001:
10943:
10933:
10646:
10631:
10246:
9829:
9679:
9663:
7005:"Reverse-engineering censorship in China: Randomized experimentation and participant observation"
6077:"Reeling from an internet shutdown, startups in Cameroon have created an "internet refugee camp""
4538:
4470:
4249:
3772:
Nearly four in five (78%) Internet users felt that the Internet had brought them greater freedom.
2301:
2034:
1648:
1508:
1359:
1347:
943:
918:
752:
587:
548:
516:
411:
365:
228:
223:
8650:
8048:
6975:
6620:, Benjamin Edelman, Berkman Center for Internet & Society, Harvard Law School, 13 April 2003
6338:
4125:
send users a false error indication. China blocks requests by users for a banned website at the
3751:
A poll of 27,973 adults in 26 countries, including 14,306 Internet users, was conducted for the
1605:
sites, sites with content that offends the dignity of or challenges the authority of a reigning
11581:
11127:
10823:
10311:
10192:
10005:
9144:
9120:
9042:
8295:
For the BBC poll Internet users are those who used the Internet within the previous six months.
4661:
4579:
4507:
4297:
project – a European Union-funded project with the stated aim of suppressing terrorist activity
4049:
Increased government control of the Internet would make the Internet safe for everyone to use.
2297:
1990:
1986:
1416:
849:
447:
98:
6873:
11685:
11591:
11394:
11346:
11326:
11245:
11235:
11019:
10903:
10273:
10229:
9205:
8940:
8892:
8875:
8669:
7161:
7071:
6520:
4519:
4492:
4414:
3644:
2531:
2516:
2448:
2410:
2212:
2166:
2084:
2025:
1980:
1835:
Sites that contain information on social issues or "online protests, petitions and campaigns"
1738:
1467:
1221:
1062:
1007:
sensitive period. It is more frequently used by non-state actors seeking to disrupt services.
799:
569:
536:
133:
1919:
11812:
11586:
11361:
11152:
11102:
10838:
10833:
10803:
10666:
10331:
10316:
10217:
10202:
9536:
9179:
9169:
9164:
9125:
9110:
8982:
8855:
8826:
8721:) provided information about different methods of access filtering and ways to bypass them.
4728:
4384:
4325:(GIFC) – a consortium of organizations that develop and deploy anti-censorship technologies
4004:
Increased government control of the Internet would put limits on the content I can access.
3599:
3232:
2957:
2226:
is among the most stringent in the world. The government blocks Web sites that discuss the
2216:
2060:
1653:
1302:
Publishers, authors, and their families may be threatened with or actually lose their jobs.
1015:
954:
853:
844:, all websites on the same server will be blocked. This affects IP-based protocols such as
681:
330:
148:
138:
8003:
6851:
6834:
6236:
5999:
5920:
5665:
5609:
2219:, are engaged in some amount of online censorship, often with substantial public support.
2135:
2107:
1311:
Access to the Internet may be limited due to restrictive licensing policies or high costs.
490:, for example) but exceptionally may extend to all Internet resources located outside the
8:
11556:
11321:
11311:
11268:
11039:
10866:
10724:
10326:
10301:
9115:
8772:
8704:
7195:
4638:
4373:
4237:
3714:
2130:
2124:
1635:
1392:
1070:
724:
As per Hoffmann, different methods are used to block certain websites or pages including
161:
6446:"Collateral Blocking: Filtering by South Korean Government of Pro-North Korean Websites"
5443:"West Censoring East: The Use of Western Technologies by Middle East Censors, 2010–2011"
5144:
Jones, Ben; Feamster, Nick; Hall, Joseph; Adams, Stan; Aaron, Michael (23 August 2019).
4034:
Increased government control of the Internet would improve the content on the Internet.
11769:
11432:
11195:
11094:
11084:
11034:
10953:
10734:
10729:
10621:
10507:
9159:
9137:
8887:
8670:
How Censorship in China Allows Government Criticism but Silences Collective Expression.
8654:
8175:
7672:
7394:"Post-election internet shutdown in Mauritania following widespread mobile disruptions"
7126:
7032:
5967:
4888:
4852:
4803:
4390:
2496:
2418:
1956:
Sites that sell or distribute music, but are not 'approved' by rights holders, such as
1886:
1664:
Sites that comment on political parties that oppose the current government of a country
1308:
Censors may create their own online publications and Web sites to guide online opinion.
1206:
1080:
1066:
507:, political views, due to intimidation, or out of fear of legal or other consequences.
213:
7662:, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 8 April 2011
7004:
640:
Unless the censor has total control over all Internet-connected computers, such as in
11644:
11546:
11341:
11278:
11054:
11024:
10986:
10981:
10976:
10881:
10861:
10719:
10704:
10656:
10601:
9874:
9779:
9077:
9012:
8997:
8960:
8865:
8850:
8385:
8179:
7676:
7422:
7024:
5957:
5941:
5637:"This Week in Internet Censorship Egypt Imprisons Alaa, Other Pro-democracy Bloggers"
5580:
5343:
5041:
4693:
4553:
4288:
4278:
3822:
3799:
3752:
3710:
2300:, in what has been widely described as an "unprecedented" internet block. About 3500
2204:
1897:
1856:
1792:
1734:
1693:
1601:
1503:
Different techniques and resources are used to bypass Internet censorship, including
1459:
1167:
803:
748:
440:
345:
315:
233:
143:
63:
6749:"EU court rules Google must tweak search results in test of "right to be forgotten""
6630:
5971:
4437:
2441:
425:
12056:
11479:
11303:
11283:
11185:
11147:
11132:
10923:
10898:
10772:
10754:
10714:
10611:
10526:
9174:
8845:
8591:
8167:
7036:
7016:
6846:
6573:"Sex, Social Mores, and Keyword Filtering: Microsoft Bing in the "Arabian Countries
5949:
5688:
4480:
4410:
4402:
4019:
Increased government control of the Internet would limit my freedom of expression.
3970:
When you are logged in to a service or application do you use privacy protections?
3923:
Each individual country has the right to govern the Internet the way they see fit.
3843:
3809:(20%), state censorship of content (6%), and the extent of corporate presence (3%).
3806:
2632:
2325:
2192:
2016:
1830:
1403:
1396:
1152:
1092:
914:
503:
of material they publish, for moral, religious, or business reasons, to conform to
193:
113:
93:
8494:
8074:
Enemies of the Internet 2014: Entities at the heart of censorship and surveillance
5601:"R.I. ACLU releases report on "troubling" internet censorship in public libraries"
2495:
Detailed country by country information on Internet censorship is provided by the
2429:
is no stranger to government-directed interference in its citizens’ access to the
1289:
Publishers and ISPs may be closed or required licenses may be withheld or revoked.
12034:
11851:
11680:
11469:
11454:
11399:
11220:
10996:
10843:
10818:
10783:
10626:
10306:
9105:
9052:
9027:
9017:
9002:
8935:
8925:
8821:
8809:
8718:
8539:
8520:
8501:
8482:
8430:
8424:"Middle East Political Protest And Internet Traffic Report: February 12–20, 2011"
8411:
8379:
8356:
8333:
8314:
8101:
8081:
8057:
8031:
8011:
7991:
7813:
7789:
7765:
7741:
6931:
6918:
6899:
6718:
6617:
6598:
6579:
6556:
6471:
6452:
6403:
6058:
6035:
6006:
5927:
5908:
5889:
5870:
5851:
5742:
5707:
5684:
5672:
5574:
5507:
5449:
5423:
5369:
5337:
5320:
5301:
5282:
5097:
5084:
5035:
5018:
4997:
4962:
4916:
4765:
4571:
4548:
4502:
4443:
4363:
4126:
3893:
The Internet should be governed in some form to protect the community from harm.
2508:
2288:
1768:
1610:
1471:
1463:
582:
527:, and various obscene material claims as a way to deliberately suppress content.
500:
496:
430:
325:
58:
8744:
7075:
5863:
895:
or typing the IP address instead of the domain name as part of a URL given to a
11784:
11571:
11351:
11215:
11200:
11162:
11142:
11079:
10918:
10893:
10798:
10681:
10661:
10616:
10594:
8707:, a London-based organization and magazine that promotes freedom of expression.
8611:
7090:
6484:
4655:
4528:
4475:
4256:
3740:
3246:
2526:. The ratings produced by several of these organizations are summarized in the
2153:
wider, more diverse social networks are more resilient to censorship attempts.
2094:
2056:
1946:
1923:
1915:
1521:
1354:
1075:
1058:
946:
630:
544:
483:
340:
108:
88:
83:
8368:
Note: Responses may not add up to 100% due to rounding in the original report.
5946:
Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration
5247:"The Ingenious Way Iranians Are Using Satellite TV to Beam in Banned Internet"
4252:
use has enabled people to circumvent the restrictions by installing software.
12045:
11953:
11925:
11871:
11846:
11748:
11706:
11459:
11416:
11225:
11205:
11044:
10788:
10636:
10541:
9189:
8860:
8118:
Mechkova, Valeriya; Pemstein, Daniel; Seim, Brigitte; Wilson, Steven (2021).
6344:
5676:
4733:
4483:– a technical measure intended to restrict access to information or resources
4312:
4259:
would seek to censor Russian media outlets regarded as producing propaganda.
3260:
2628:
2504:
2021:
1819:
content, particularly when directed at a majority or state supported religion
1644:
1619:
1426:
1338:
1333:
1276:
1190:
1182:
1039:
989:
883:
725:
380:
335:
305:
283:
73:
7221:
7020:
6235:
Oku, Kazuho; Wood, Christopher; Rescorla, Eric; Sullivan, Nick (June 2020).
5953:
4303:– an international non-profit digital rights advocacy and legal organization
4187:
service (DoS) software designed to target media websites including those of
3483:: 2020–present (only the metadata on traffic that crosses Norwegian borders)
2571:), while one was found to engage in pervasive filtering in all three areas (
2183:
state-mandated Internet filtering occurs on some computers in libraries and
2179:
Countries in other regions also practice certain forms of filtering. In the
1162:, Reporters Without Borders named five "Corporate Enemies of the Internet":
11969:
11670:
11634:
11624:
11616:
11561:
11464:
11384:
11379:
11263:
11107:
11049:
11029:
10536:
9067:
9022:
8920:
8915:
8171:
7028:
6493:
5579:. Routledge international handbooks. Taylor and Francis. pp. 323–324.
5342:. Routledge international handbooks. Taylor and Francis. pp. 330–331.
4921:
4839:
4111:
3718:
3218:
3162:
2305:
2184:
2049:
2008:
1942:
1938:
1927:
1504:
1342:
1283:
1175:
887:
869:
857:
688:" colloquially refers to censorship of the Internet, particularly in Asia.
653:
594:, as saying "The Net interprets censorship as damage and routes around it."
491:
300:
295:
38:
10142:
1903:
1327:
11856:
11729:
11719:
11629:
11356:
11316:
11167:
11074:
11069:
10938:
10928:
10913:
10739:
10709:
10691:
10556:
9132:
9057:
9007:
8977:
8970:
8930:
8326:
5610:
The Rhode Island affiliate, American Civil Liberties Union (April 2005).
4843:
4723:
4225:
4172:
4138:
3786:
agreed the least, followed by users in a highly filtered country such as
3410:
3120:
2414:
2208:
2002:
1749:
1606:
1386:
1380:
1202:
1088:
896:
879:
865:
710:
677:
665:
512:
504:
310:
123:
78:
8436:
8069:
7510:"Iraq shuts down internet to prevent cheating in national science exams"
7222:"Pulling the Plug: A Technical Review of the Internet Shutdown in Burma"
7155:
7153:
7151:
7149:
5942:"What Knowledge deletes: Characterizing dangerous collaborative content"
4892:
2631:
provide analytical reports and numerical ratings regarding the state of
2296:
This appears to have been the case on 27 and 28 January 2011 during the
829:
Internet content is subject to technical censorship methods, including:
11920:
11890:
11724:
11566:
11437:
11336:
11293:
11258:
11177:
11117:
11011:
10948:
10767:
10651:
10641:
10566:
10551:
10546:
10521:
9154:
9089:
9032:
8795:
8596:
8579:
8226:
4628:
4200:
4130:
3585:
3382:
3326:
3274:
3008:
2512:
2399:
2376:
2344:
2235:
2227:
2044:
2029:
1864:
1860:
1823:
1761:
1714:
1647:, or "50 Cent Army" that worked to sway negative public opinion on the
1615:
1512:
1372:
1242:
1194:
993:
892:
837:
729:
714:
657:
531:
524:
520:
479:
471:
250:
8384:. Routledge international handbooks. Taylor and Francis. p. 331.
8205:
5816:"YouTube, Apple and Facebook Ban Infowars, Which Decries 'Mega Purge'"
5604:
5040:. Routledge international handbooks. Taylor and Francis. p. 332.
4129:
and a connection error is returned, effectively preventing the user's
3705:
The five "Corporate Enemies of the Internet" named in March 2013 are:
2543:
seven were found to show no evidence of filtering in all three areas (
1357:
dubbed 2018 the "Year of Deplatforming", in an August 2018 article in
11946:
11941:
11779:
11753:
11742:
11157:
11137:
11112:
10991:
10963:
10876:
10813:
10699:
10561:
10531:
10476:
8987:
8965:
7146:
5844:
5680:
4406:
4396:
4372:- a global watchdog organization that monitors cybersecurity and the
4369:
4354:(IGF) – a United Nations multi-stakeholder policy dialogue initiative
4196:
3756:
3647:
in addition to censorship. The list has not been updated since 2014.
3613:
3424:
3312:
1816:
1796:
1782:
1778:
1709:
1685:
1677:
1446:
1171:
634:
625:
598:
8580:"Internet Censorship in Arab Countries: Religious and Moral Aspects"
8161:
8094:
7567:
6775:"Removal of Google personal information could become work intensive"
6591:
6445:
6205:
5612:
Reader's block: Internet censorship in Rhode Island public libraries
5173:"How the "Great Firewall of China" Works to Censor China's Internet"
604:
A report of research conducted in 2007 and published in 2009 by the
530:
Support for and opposition to Internet censorship also varies. In a
12019:
11774:
11675:
11288:
11064:
10888:
10871:
10808:
10671:
10589:
10581:
9268:
6924:
Access Denied: The Practice and Policy of Global Internet Filtering
6892:
Access Denied: The Practice and Policy of Global Internet Filtering
6592:"Google Search & Cache Filtering Behind China's Great Firewall"
6424:
5090:
Access Denied: The Practice and Policy of Global Internet Filtering
4523:
4294:
4245:
4240:
in 2022, Russia was reported to have blocked the internet websites
4192:
4093:
4064:
Increased government control of the Internet would have no effect.
3438:
3396:
3134:
3064:
2430:
2387:
2352:
2336:
2275:
2239:
2012:
1957:
1627:
1516:
1410:
1376:
1368:
1229:
1148:
1128:
1044:
645:
637:
error message when an attempt is made to access a blocked website.
475:
24:
11520:
8023:
7342:"Sudan internet shows signs of recovery after month-long shutdown"
7122:"Facebook Can Be Forced to Delete Content, E.U.'s Top Court Rules"
5498:
4346:– a coalition within IFEX that monitors free expression in Tunisia
3682:
The five "State Enemies of the Internet" named in March 2013 are:
2093:
is a concept that has been discussed and put into practice in the
1247:
11900:
11895:
11880:
11796:
11735:
11714:
11404:
11389:
11273:
11190:
10908:
10676:
10606:
9184:
8992:
8644:
7600:"Iran shuts down country's internet in the wake of fuel protests"
6420:
6293:"Far Eastern Economic Review | China's Guerrilla War for the Web"
5873:, Policies & Principles, Google, Inc.. Retrieved 1 April 2012
5452:, Helmi Noman and Jillian C. York, OpenNet Initiative, March 2011
4284:
4241:
3863:
Access to the Internet should be considered a basic human right.
3837:
3699:
3683:
3515:
3501:
3452:
3354:
3288:
3204:
3106:
2994:
2980:
2395:
2247:
2243:
1849:
1800:
1705:
1701:
1689:
1671:
1631:
1440:
1434:
1364:
1293:
1120:
1112:
1100:
969:
661:
556:
320:
42:
8734:
8710:
8445:"Analysis of Country-wide Internet Outages Caused by Censorship"
7448:
5892:, Google Webmaster Tools Help. Retrieved 22 April 2007 00:43 UTC
5757:"Google Ends Internet Censorship, Dares China to Make Next Move"
5203:
Knowledge:Advice to users using Tor to bypass the Great Firewall
3938:
The Internet does more to help society than it does to hurt it.
11818:
11331:
8700:
8694:
8682:
5701:"In Mexico, Social Media Become a Battleground in the Drug War"
5500:
The Enemies of the Internet Special Edition : Surveillance
3746:
3706:
3571:
3543:
3480:
3466:
3368:
3148:
2944:
RWB "Internet enemies" and "countries under surveillance" lists
2372:
2267:
2188:
2102:
1976:
1772:
1757:
1753:
1697:
1681:
1661:
Sites criticizing the government or an authority in the country
1481:
1322:
1163:
1132:
1096:
861:
617:
11983:
indicates that maintenance of the tool has been discontinued.
8476:"Syrian Electronic Army: Disruptive Attacks and Hyped Targets"
3654:
1658:
Sites aimed at religious conversion from Islam to Christianity
11660:
11371:
10971:
9037:
8764:
8758:
7255:"Journalists confined to their hotels, Internet disconnected"
7070:(1). Chicago: American Library Association: 6. January 2010.
5552:"Group Says It Has New Evidence of Cisco's Misdeeds in China"
5011:
2007 Circumvention Landscape Report: Methods, Uses, and Tools
4176:
3695:
3687:
3627:
3557:
3529:
3340:
3190:
3176:
3078:
3050:
3022:
2391:
2368:
2356:
2332:
2223:
1951:
1893:
1879:
Blocking of sites of groups that foment domestic conflict in
1561:
1549:
1266:
1144:
1136:
1124:
1104:
1069:, and, writing in 2011, Evgeny Morzov, a visiting scholar at
1065:
and co-founder and one of the principal investigators of the
882:
are not resolved, or an incorrect IP address is returned via
290:
183:
8533:"Insight: Social media – a political tool for good or evil?"
6912:"Internet Filtering: The Politics and Mechanisms of Control"
6474:, Associated Press in the Washington Post, 12 September 2011
6028:
5745:, Sarah Cook and Maggie Shum, Freedom House, 11 October 2011
3878:
Freedom of expression should be guaranteed on the Internet.
1269:
to include, withdraw, or slant the information they present.
1205:
in early 2007 by Tunisian authorities was, according to the
996:
and other listings in compliance with German and French law.
10853:
8668:
King Gary, Pan, Jennifer, & Robert, Margaret. (2013). "
7816:, Freedom House, 3 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
7631:"Iran's internet has been shut down for days amid protests"
4134:
3999: 3% would like to use them but I am not able to
3691:
3092:
3036:
2426:
2422:
2383:
2355:
after a gasoline price protests triggered police violence,
2317:
2173:
1116:
777:, which involves installation of voluntary (such as in the
278:
8117:
7536:"Internet being restored in Iran after week-long shutdown"
7282:"How did Iran's government pull the plug on the Internet?"
6139:"Medium stands by journalists as Malaysia blocks the site"
5901:
4910:
How Facebook's Tor service could encourage a more open web
4904:
4902:
4675:
Federal law of Russian Federation no. 139-FZ of 2012-07-28
4405:– a political movement that aims to reform laws regarding
1557:
of either completely blocking all content or none of it.
11885:
8076:, Reporters Without Borders (Paris), 11 March 2014.
8006:, Reporters Without Borders (Paris), 12 March 2009,
7568:
Ivana Kottasová and Sara Mazloumsaki (19 November 2019).
7185:
7183:
7094:
6801:"Index blasts EU court ruling on "right to be forgotten""
6662:"What we can salvage from 'right to be forgotten' ruling"
4167:
Free speech in the media during the 2011 Libyan Civil War
1147:. The Canadian organization CitizenLab has reported that
1140:
1108:
957:
to reduce the amount of text contained in a given packet.
733:
624:
Blocking and filtering can be based on relatively static
8612:"Ukraine invasion: Russia restricts social media access"
8160:
Fletcher, Terry; Hayes-Birchler, Andria (30 July 2020).
6489:"The Copyright Lobby Absolutely Loves Child Pornography"
4879:
Goldberg, Erica (2016). "Free Speech Consequentialism".
680:" is sometimes used to describe the effects of national
8060:, Reporters Without Borders (Paris), 12 March 2012
8026:
Reporters Without Borders (Paris), 18 March 2010,
6719:"EU court backs 'right to be forgotten' in Google case"
6689:"People have the right to be forgotten, rules EU court"
6417:"Why Malware Filtering Is Necessary in the Web Gateway"
6234:
6167:
6108:"Cameroon internet shutdowns cost Anglophones millions"
5426:, Netsweeper, Inc. web site. Retrieved 1 September 2011
4899:
4489:– a content blocking system in use in the UK and Canada
1904:
Protection of existing economic interests and copyright
1328:
Removal of user accounts based on controversial content
1034:
736:, inspecting filter packets and resetting connections.
12027:
8159:
7986:
Reporters Without Borders (Paris), 11 July 2006,
7480:"Internet Shutdowns in India: From Kashmir to Haryana"
7180:
6206:"Encrypting SNI: Fixing One of the Core Internet Bugs"
6170:"The Shifting Landscape of Global Internet Censorship"
5814:
Chappell, Bill; Tsioulcas, Anastasia (6 August 2018).
5143:
3997:
43% don't know / not aware of these types of services,
3908:
Censorship should exist in some form on the Internet.
1387:
Official statements regarding site and content removal
1087:
Among the most popular filtering software programs is
8672:" American Political Science Review, 107(2), 326–343.
7423:"Government that have shut down the Internet in 2019"
5883:"Why does Google remove sites from the Google index?"
1402:
prior notice", and "for other reasons" are common in
474:
of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the
7192:"With Wired Internet Locked, Egypt Looks to the Sky"
6601:, OpenNet Initiative: Bulletin 006, 3 September 2004
6009:, Yahoo!, 24 November 2008. Retrieved 18 August 2011
5736:"China's growing army of paid internet commentators"
5603:(Press release). ACLU. 18 April 2005. Archived from
4433:
2599:), and four maintained the same level of filtering (
1844:
Many organizations implement filtering as part of a
8414:, Philip N. Howard, Miller-McCune, 23 February 2011
6455:, OpenNet Initiative: Bulletin 009, 31 January 2005
5940:West, Andrew Granville; Lee, Insup (October 2011).
5854:, Facebook, 26 April 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2011
5494:
5492:
5490:
5488:
4794:
1896:thought to be related to the internet hacker group
1867:, and terrorists often enjoys wide public support.
913:protocol. Typical circumvention methods are to use
8044:
8042:
8040:
7665:
6973:
6337:
5666:China: Controls tighten as Internet activism grows
5323:, Andrew Orlowski, The Register, 24 September 2003
4991:"Cerf sees government control of Internet failing"
4796:
3724:
2938:
917:in the URL, or to use encrypted protocols such as
876:Domain name system (DNS) filtering and redirection
12024:Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license
8523:, Juliette Terzieff, The Future 500, 29 June 2011
7249:
7247:
7091:"Google wins landmark right to be forgotten case"
6052:"U.S. Underwrites Internet Detour Around Censors"
5813:
5722:
5720:
5331:
5329:
1875:Blocking of pro–North Korean sites by South Korea
840:is denied. If the target Web site is hosted in a
612:In contrast, a 2011 report by researchers at the
12043:
8303:
8301:
7660:"2010 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices"
5930:, YouTube, 9 June 2010. Retrieved 18 August 2011
5911:, Twitter, 1 June 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2011
5485:
5029:
5027:
4094:Transparency of filtering or blocking activities
2078:
1292:Publishers, authors, and ISPs may be subject to
1275:Publishers, authors, and ISPs may be subject to
1251:PDF about countries that criminalize free speech
872:is normally implemented via IP address blocking.
9270:Internet censorship and surveillance by country
8542:, Peter Apps, Reuters Canada, 28 September 2011
8063:
8037:
8017:
7997:
7977:
7570:"What makes Iran's internet blackout different"
6465:"Federal authorities take on Anonymous hackers"
6332:
6330:
6328:
6326:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6318:
6316:
6314:
5635:Sutton, Maira; Timm, Trevor (7 November 2011).
5549:
4616:Copyright (New Technologies) Amendment Act 2008
4510:– a 2003 article about Internet censorship and
4379:Open Observatory of Network Interference (OONI)
4163:Internet in Egypt § 2011 Internet shutdown
2436:
2351:. Other country-wide shutdowns in 2019 include
1228:have successfully lobbied some vendors such as
785:) Internet surveillance and blocking equipment.
719:Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
8166:. Data for Policy 2020, 15-17 September 2020.
7244:
6582:", Helmi Noman, OpenNet Initiative, March 2010
6550:"China struggles to tame microblogging masses"
6483:
6237:"Encrypted Server Name Indication for TLS 1.3"
5987:Common Knowledge?: An Ethnography of Knowledge
5717:
5379:
5326:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4826:
3838:Internet Society's Global Internet User Survey
691:
648:that only privileged citizens can access), or
12026:, see the lower right corner of pages at the
11506:
10492:
10158:
9254:
8780:
8298:
7943:
7941:
7904:
7902:
7865:
7863:
7826:
7824:
7822:
7800:
7798:
7776:
7774:
7752:
7750:
7728:
7726:
7689:
7687:
7685:
7477:
6859:
5659:
5438:
5436:
5434:
5432:
5216:"Academics break the Great Firewall of China"
5146:"A Survey of Worldwide Censorship Techniques"
5073:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5024:
4949:
4947:
4945:
4943:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4307:Financial Coalition Against Child Pornography
2618:
2537:
448:
7478:Krishna Mohan, Vaishnavi (30 January 2021).
6659:
6311:
4838:
4338:International Freedom of Expression Exchange
4315:– a U.S.-based non-profit that produces the
3747:BBC World Service global public opinion poll
2579:), five increased their level of filtering (
2520:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
2409:from 16 to 23 November 2019, in response to
1848:strategy to protect their environments from
1458:if, after seven days, no one objects to the
1323:Censorship of users by web service operators
856:. A typical circumvention method is to find
10172:
8739:OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media
7792:, Freedom House, accessed 24 September 2012
7257:. Reporters Without Borders. Archived from
7062:"WTO could challenge Internet censorship".
5786:
5784:
5782:
5304:, Helmi Noman, OpenNet Initiative, May 2011
5213:
4823:
4788:
4059: 7% don't know / not applicable
4044: 7% don't know / not applicable
4029: 4% don't know / not applicable
4014: 4% don't know / not applicable
3948: 4% don't know / not applicable
3933: 4% don't know / not applicable
3918: 5% don't know / not applicable
3903: 3% don't know / not applicable
1667:Sites that accuse authorities of corruption
1236:
1119:, as well as the United States and the UK.
597:In November 2007, "Father of the Internet"
11513:
11499:
10499:
10485:
10165:
10151:
9261:
9247:
8787:
8773:
8514:"Censorship fallout from the Arab Spring?"
8327:"Internet access is 'a fundamental right'"
8258:
7938:
7899:
7860:
7819:
7795:
7771:
7747:
7723:
7682:
6828:
6826:
5984:
5978:
5845:"Statement of Rights and Responsibilities"
5634:
5510:, Reporters Without Borders, 12 March 2013
5429:
5372:, Evgeny Morzov, Op-Ed Contributor to the
5054:
5000:, Pedro Fonseca, Reuters, 15 November 2006
4928:
1025:
455:
441:
400:
8595:
8577:
8219:"Shattered Dreams and Lost Opportunities"
7417:
7415:
7119:
6921:, Jonathan Zittrain and John Palfrey, in
6889:, Jonathan Zittrain and John Palfrey, in
6850:
6611:"Empirical Analysis of Google SafeSearch"
5791:Reynolds, Glenn Harlan (18 August 2018).
5385:
2257:
1855:Internet filtering related to threats to
1543:
606:Berkman Center for Internet & Society
8442:
8377:
6767:
6136:
6130:
5790:
5779:
5572:
5335:
5033:
4878:
4699:Political repression of cyber-dissidents
4231:
2440:
1449:: The site's content may be modified or
1246:
1135:commercial filter Netsweeper is used in
1061:, professor of political science at the
1038:
903:Uniform Resource Locator (URL) filtering
515:. Other types of censorship include the
8504:, Reporters Without Borders, March 2011
8381:Routledge handbook of Internet politics
7768:, Freedom House, accessed 15 April 2012
7744:, Freedom House, accessed 16 April 2012
7279:
7003:G. King; et al. (22 August 2014).
7002:
6832:
6823:
5939:
5793:"When Digital Platforms Become Censors"
5754:
5576:Routledge handbook of Internet politics
5525:National Council for the Social Studies
5339:Routledge handbook of Internet politics
5170:
5109:
5087:, Robert Faris and Nart Villeneuve, in
5037:Routledge handbook of Internet politics
4795:The Editorial Board (15 October 2018).
3733:
3668:Special report on Internet Surveillance
3657:Special report on Internet Surveillance
2417:, the director of Internet analysis at
2117:Agencia Española de Protección de Datos
1160:Special report on Internet Surveillance
1155:products are used in Turkey and Egypt.
834:Internet Protocol (IP) address blocking
806:controlled by the government, allowing
696:
12044:
10506:
8308:"BBC Internet Poll: Detailed Findings"
8254:
8252:
8155:
8153:
8151:
8149:
8113:
8111:
8109:
7563:
7561:
7412:
7088:
6974:Human Rights Watch (22 January 2012).
6811:from the original on 19 September 2020
6339:"Which Countries Censor the Internet?"
6118:from the original on 22 September 2020
6105:
5593:
5152:from the original on 19 September 2020
4159:Internet censorship in the Arab Spring
2349:2019 Mauritanian presidential election
1809:Sites encouraging or inciting violence
1717:and similar websites, particularly in
1189:build a firewall, known widely as the
1099:in 2008. SmartFilter has been used by
11553:Censorship and blocking technologies
11494:
10480:
10146:
9242:
8768:
8495:"Countries under surveillance: Egypt"
8405:"The Arab Spring's Cascading Effects"
7641:from the original on 26 November 2019
7610:from the original on 25 November 2020
7580:from the original on 21 November 2019
7546:from the original on 28 November 2019
7459:from the original on 16 November 2021
7400:from the original on 19 November 2020
7292:from the original on 27 November 2019
7232:from the original on 15 November 2020
6852:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050718-032837
6729:from the original on 25 November 2020
6686:
6641:from the original on 11 December 2020
6352:from the original on 12 November 2015
6216:from the original on 12 December 2020
6149:from the original on 29 November 2020
6087:from the original on 12 November 2020
6074:
5473:from the original on 10 December 2020
5244:
5164:
5139:
5137:
5078:"Measuring Global Internet Filtering"
4860:from the original on 12 December 2020
3670:. The report includes two new lists:
3300:Current Countries Under Surveillance:
2282:
1584:
1181:In a U.S. lawsuit filed in May 2011,
802:may be required to issue counterfeit
721:of China, Islamic Guidance in Iran).
11995:
8359:, Internet Society, 20 November 2012
8277:from the original on 17 January 2023
8216:
7628:
7516:from the original on 27 October 2020
7490:from the original on 31 January 2021
7429:from the original on 1 November 2020
7374:from the original on 14 October 2020
7348:from the original on 14 October 2020
7280:Skinner, Helena (22 November 2019).
7202:from the original on 30 January 2011
7189:
7168:from the original on 29 January 2011
7101:from the original on 1 December 2020
6755:from the original on 3 December 2019
6695:. Conde Nast Digital. Archived from
6501:from the original on 9 December 2020
6186:from the original on 6 December 2018
6137:Connolly, Amanda (27 January 2016).
5767:from the original on 17 January 2023
5755:Farrell, Michael B (22 March 2010).
5550:Somini Sengupta (2 September 2011).
5398:from the original on 28 January 2013
5388:"The big business of net censorship"
5276:Google excluding controversial sites
5257:from the original on 8 November 2020
5171:Hoffman, Chris (22 September 2016).
4415:transparency of state administration
4267:
2963:
2952:, RSF), a Paris-based international
2948:In 2006, Reporters without Borders (
2931:, where lawmakers approved the bill
2455:
1889:in some countries in the Middle East
1839:
1670:Sites that comment on minorities or
1035:Use of commercial filtering software
739:
8559:from the original on 11 August 2017
8249:
8206:https://www.accessnow.org/keepiton/
8146:
8106:
7558:
7134:from the original on 3 October 2019
7043:from the original on 24 August 2020
6161:
6075:Dahir, Abdi Latif (28 March 2017).
5807:
5803:from the original on 30 March 2019.
5647:from the original on 12 August 2020
5183:from the original on 15 August 2018
5122:from the original on 11 August 2011
4611:Copyright law of the European Union
4586:Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement
2363:, and during or after elections in
2331:Almost all Internet connections in
2156:
1824:defamatory, slanderous, or libelous
1095:in California, which was bought by
1020:Anti-spam techniques#Detecting spam
13:
8662:
8578:Shishkina, Alisa (November 2018).
8553:"LTT Blocks Pornographic Websites"
8485:, OpenNet Initiative, 25 June 2011
8350:"Global Internet User Survey 2012"
7926:from the original on 12 April 2019
7887:from the original on 11 April 2019
7848:from the original on 12 April 2019
7322:from the original on 8 August 2020
7120:Satariano, Adam (3 October 2019).
7064:Newsletter on Intellectual Freedom
6984:from the original on 11 March 2013
6839:Annual Review of Political Science
6531:from the original on 9 August 2020
6397:Russia Bans the Knowledge of Drugs
6295:. 25 February 2009. Archived from
5531:from the original on 29 March 2020
5386:Glanville, Jo (17 November 2008).
5134:
5103:
4739:World Day Against Cyber Censorship
4594:– a US law ruled unconstitutional
4331:(GIFT) – an initiative within the
4329:Global Internet Freedom Task Force
4323:Global Internet Freedom Consortium
4072:56% somewhat or strongly disagree,
4057:35% somewhat or strongly disagree,
4042:44% somewhat or strongly disagree,
4027:23% somewhat or strongly disagree,
4012:18% somewhat or strongly disagree,
3946:13% somewhat or strongly disagree,
3931:29% somewhat or strongly disagree,
3916:24% somewhat or strongly disagree,
3901:15% somewhat or strongly disagree,
3886:11% somewhat or strongly disagree,
3871:14% somewhat or strongly disagree,
3755:by the international polling firm
3488:Past Countries Under Surveillance:
1265:Publishers and authors may accept
1127:have used filtering software from
586:article quotes computer scientist
482:is most often applied to specific
14:
12068:
11522:Internet censorship circumvention
8746:How to Bypass Internet Censorship
8735:"Media Freedom Internet Cookbook"
8727:, We Fight Censorship project of
8676:
8622:from the original on 2 March 2022
8457:from the original on 17 June 2012
8317:, BBC World Service, 8 March 2010
8095:http://digitalsocietyproject.org/
7159:
7089:Kelion, Leo (24 September 2019).
6955:from the original on 4 March 2016
6835:"Resilience to Online Censorship"
6777:. Europe News.Net. Archived from
6372:"Latest Stories From News.Com.Au"
6243:from the original on 16 July 2020
6106:Ritzen, Yarno (26 January 2018).
5763:. The Christian Science Monitor.
4656:PROTECT Intellectual Property Act
4652:SOPA and PIPA, proposed US laws:
4544:Internet censorship circumvention
3721:(Italy), and Trovicor (Germany).
2646:Freedom on the Net Survey Results
2405:The Iranian government imposed a
2361:2019 Gabonese coup d'état attempt
2341:Amhara Region coup d'état attempt
1812:Sites promoting criminal activity
1575:
1495:Internet censorship circumvention
1012:Internet censorship circumvention
45:through a portion of the Internet
12018:
12012:
11994:
11985:
11984:
8681:
8643:
8604:
8571:
8545:
8526:
8507:
8488:
8469:
8433:, Craig Labovitz, Arbor Networks
8417:
8398:
8371:
8362:
8343:
8320:
8289:
8237:from the original on 2 June 2021
8210:
8198:
8186:from the original on 27 May 2021
8134:from the original on 27 May 2021
8087:
7675:does not check for filtering of
7653:
7622:
7592:
7528:
7190:Kirk, Jeremy (28 January 2011).
6559:, Agence France-Presse (AFP) in
6423:. 26 August 2008. Archived from
6348:. 23 November 2015. p. 36.
6061:, James Glanz and John Markoff,
4848:"The Future of Internet Freedom"
4811:from the original on 9 July 2021
4689:List of content-control software
4605:Digital Millennium Copyright Act
4450:
4436:
4087:23% not very much or not at all
4074:14% don't know / not applicable
3768:Findings from the poll include:
3620:
3606:
3592:
3578:
3564:
3550:
3536:
3522:
3508:
3494:
3473:
3459:
3445:
3431:
3417:
3403:
3389:
3375:
3361:
3347:
3333:
3319:
3305:
3281:
3267:
3253:
3239:
3225:
3211:
3197:
3183:
3169:
3155:
3141:
3127:
3113:
3099:
3085:
3071:
3057:
3043:
3029:
3015:
3001:
2987:
2973:
2447:World map showing the status of
2365:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2234:, the banned spiritual practice
1963:
1488:
1470:. All deletion decisions may be
1421:Digital Millennium Copyright Act
1073:and an Op-Ed contributor to the
424:
399:
256:Internet Message Access Protocol
31:
11143:Party platforms (or manifestos)
8121:Digital Society Survey Codebook
7984:List of the 13 Internet enemies
7704:. November 2018. Archived from
7502:
7471:
7441:
7386:
7360:
7334:
7304:
7273:
7214:
7113:
7082:
7055:
6996:
6967:
6937:
6905:
6793:
6741:
6711:
6680:
6653:
6623:
6604:
6585:
6566:
6543:
6521:"YouTube Blocked in...Thailand"
6513:
6477:
6458:
6439:
6409:
6390:
6364:
6285:
6263:"Blog censorship gains support"
6255:
6228:
6198:
6099:
6068:
6045:
6022:
6012:
5993:
5933:
5914:
5895:
5876:
5857:
5838:
5826:from the original on 3 May 2019
5748:
5729:
5694:
5628:
5566:
5543:
5513:
5455:
5410:
5356:
5307:
5288:
5269:
5238:
5207:
5195:
4776:from the original on 1 May 2021
4714:Scientology versus the Internet
4195:, Syrian satellite broadcaster
4117:In contrast, countries such as
4070:31% somewhat or strongly agree,
4055:58% somewhat or strongly agree,
4040:49% somewhat or strongly agree,
4025:74% somewhat or strongly agree,
4010:77% somewhat or strongly agree,
3944:83% somewhat or strongly agree,
3929:67% somewhat or strongly agree,
3914:71% somewhat or strongly agree,
3899:82% somewhat or strongly agree,
3884:86% somewhat or strongly agree,
3869:83% somewhat or strongly agree,
3725:V-Dem Digital Societies Project
2939:Reporters Without Borders (RSF)
2463: Has local YouTube version
1945:(P2P) related websites such as
1728:
761:submarine communications cables
11914:Physical circumvention methods
8794:
8761:Manual, 10 March 2011, 240 pp.
8443:Dainotti; et al. (2011).
8084:. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
7958:. October 2017. Archived from
6945:"Internet Censorship in China"
5641:Electronic Frontier Foundation
5003:
4984:
4968:
4872:
4766:"What is Internet Censorship?"
4758:
4668:Protests against SOPA and PIPA
4565:2019 Internet blackout in Iran
4301:Electronic Frontier Foundation
4152:
2882: 1 (7%)
2528:Internet censorship by country
2163:Internet censorship by country
2040:Censorship circumvention sites
1859:that targets the Web sites of
1226:American Civil Liberties Union
1218:Electronic Frontier Foundation
753:Internet exchange points (IXP)
592:Electronic Frontier Foundation
547:, over 400 million people use
1:
8751:Bypassing Internet Censorship
7449:"Internet Shutdowns in India"
6833:Roberts, Margaret E. (2020).
6687:Solon, Olivia (13 May 2014).
6664:. Wired.co.uk. Archived from
5521:"The Great Firewall of China"
4752:
4622:New Zealand Internet Blackout
4588:(ACTA) – multinational treaty
2954:non-governmental organization
2143:
2079:Information about individuals
1975:Media sharing websites (e.g.
1383:" and "glorifying violence."
824:
755:with international networks (
590:, one of the founders of the
261:Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
239:Transmission Control Protocol
16:Legal control of the internet
11578:Blocks on specific websites
11542:Internet censorship in China
11231:Rally 'round the flag effect
8749:, also known by the titles:
6660:Julia Powles (15 May 2014).
6042:. Retrieved 2 September 2011
5989:. Stanford University Press.
5985:Jemielniak, Dariusz (2014).
5712:The Lede, The New York Times
5417:"Internet content filtering"
5314:"India blocks Yahoo! Groups"
4975:"First Nation in Cyberspace"
4598:Black World Wide Web protest
4559:National Information Network
4409:and patents, strengthen the
4081:
4066:
4051:
4036:
4021:
4006:
3989:
3972:
3955:
3940:
3925:
3910:
3895:
3880:
3865:
3842:In July and August 2012 the
2437:Reports, ratings, and trends
2339:lasted for a week after the
1910:Voice over Internet Protocol
1597:Political blogs and websites
704:
532:2012 Internet Society survey
7:
12028:OpenNet Initiative web site
8127:. Digital Society Project.
8024:Web 2.0 versus Control 2.0.
7162:"Egypt Leaves the Internet"
5214:Tom Espiner (4 July 2006).
5110:Lao Wai (21 October 2007).
4709:River crab (Internet slang)
4534:For the children (politics)
4262:
2347:followed disputes over the
2232:Tiananmen Square protesters
1996:Translation sites and tools
1764:, or other forms of bigotry
1552:versus what originally was
1318:government in that country.
988:: Major portals, including
940:Search engine results pages
781:) or mandatory (such as in
692:Content suppression methods
562:
219:Hypertext Transfer Protocol
10:
12073:
8649:This article incorporates
8637:
7671:Due to legal concerns the
5363:"Political Repression 2.0"
4664:(SOPA) – a proposed US law
4658:(PIPA) – a proposed US law
4645:2011 mass blanking protest
4592:Communications Decency Act
4374:governance of the Internet
4273:Organizations and projects
4255:It been reported that the
4156:
3888: 2% don't know
3873: 3% don't know
2619:Freedom on the Net reports
2538:OpenNet Initiative reports
2343:. A week-long shutdown in
2286:
2160:
2082:
1892:Blocking of sites such as
1739:inappropriate for children
1492:
1390:
1331:
1240:
1212:Organizations such as the
1185:is accused of helping the
1050:
1016:Internet forum#Word censor
775:Internet Service Providers
669:censors, such as those in
207:Information infrastructure
12033:25 September 2018 at the
11978:
11962:
11934:
11913:
11870:
11839:
11832:
11805:
11762:
11705:
11698:
11666:IPv6 transition mechanism
11653:
11614:
11607:
11529:
11425:
11370:
11302:
11244:
11176:
11093:
11010:
10962:
10852:
10763:
10690:
10580:
10572:Manipulation (psychology)
10514:
10371:
10289:
10188:Chinese censorship abroad
10180:
10109:
9883:
9672:
9504:
9276:
9198:
9098:
8908:
8802:
8729:Reporters Without Borders
8378:Chadwick, Andrew (2009).
7949:"Freedom on the Net 2017"
7910:"Freedom on the Net 2016"
7871:"Freedom on the Net 2015"
7832:"Freedom on the Net 2014"
7695:"Freedom on the Net 2018"
7312:"Sudan's Internet Outage"
6917:19 September 2020 at the
6751:. CBS News. 13 May 2014.
6000:"Yahoo! Terms of Service"
5864:"Google Terms of Service"
5671:25 September 2020 at the
5573:Chadwick, Andrew (2009).
5448:18 September 2018 at the
5336:Chadwick, Andrew (2009).
5319:17 September 2018 at the
5112:"I've Been Rivercrabbed!"
5034:Chadwick, Andrew (2009).
4961:28 September 2011 at the
4925:. Friday 5 December 2014.
4719:Sociology of the Internet
4681:Trans-Pacific Partnership
4641:– a proposed Italian law
4512:digital rights management
4426:Reporters Without Borders
4421:Reporters sans frontières
4358:Internet Watch Foundation
4352:Internet Governance Forum
4114:or considered un-Islamic.
3851:
3664:Reporters Without Borders
3427:: 2008–2009, 2011–present
3399:: 2008–2009, 2011–present
3357:: 2008–2009, 2011–present
2950:Reporters sans frontières
2501:Reporters Without Borders
2272:European Court of Justice
2099:European Court of Justice
1885:Blocking of sites of the
1214:Global Network Initiative
1004:Denial-of-service attacks
878:: Connections to blocked
765:satellite Internet access
614:Oxford Internet Institute
246:Internet service provider
11699:Anti-censorship software
10750:Criticism of advertising
9314:Central African Republic
8956:Content-control software
8711:Internet censorship wiki
8429:25 February 2011 at the
8410:27 February 2011 at the
6977:World Report 2012: China
6930:26 February 2009 at the
6898:26 February 2009 at the
6578:13 December 2020 at the
6402:11 November 2020 at the
6057:11 November 2020 at the
6040:Internet censorship wiki
6034:8 September 2011 at the
5926:26 December 2016 at the
5907:15 December 2020 at the
5869:15 December 2020 at the
5850:26 December 2018 at the
5617:(Report). Archived from
5422:17 December 2013 at the
5368:12 November 2020 at the
5281:23 November 2020 at the
5096:26 February 2009 at the
5017:11 November 2011 at the
4981:, 6 December 1993, No.49
4704:Right to Internet access
4576:Laws and proposed laws:
4498:Content-control software
4458:Freedom of speech portal
4344:Tunisia Monitoring Group
4333:U.S. Department of State
3854:
2968:Enemies of the Internet:
2483: Previously blocked
2230:, the 1989 crackdown on
2174:Middle East/North Africa
1799:related sites (see also
1767:Sites seen as promoting
1509:virtual private networks
1468:full deletion discussion
1237:Non-technical censorship
1053:Content-control software
1000:Computer network attacks
818:Content Delivery Network
549:virtual private networks
119:Right to Internet access
11572:Great Firewall of China
11412:Promotional merchandise
11123:Character assassination
11060:Narcotizing dysfunction
10934:Photograph manipulation
10647:Guerrilla communication
10174:Censorship and websites
9800:Palestinian territories
9211:Chinese issues overseas
8538:6 November 2011 at the
8519:26 January 2012 at the
7806:Freedom on the Net 2013
7782:Freedom on the Net 2012
7758:Freedom on the Net 2011
7734:Freedom on the Net 2009
7021:10.1126/science.1251722
6631:"China blocking Google"
6555:4 November 2017 at the
6470:9 December 2020 at the
6451:9 December 2020 at the
5954:10.1145/2038558.2038563
5797:The Wall Street Journal
5741:13 October 2011 at the
5706:11 October 2012 at the
4996:3 November 2020 at the
4977:, Philip Elmer-Dewitt,
4539:Great Firewall of China
4471:Accountability software
2933:Marco Civil da Internet
2407:total internet shutdown
2302:Border Gateway Protocol
2222:Internet censorship in
1680:symbols and imagery in
1649:Chinese Communist Party
1375:and his media platform
1360:The Wall Street Journal
1348:financial deplatforming
1026:Over and under blocking
800:Certificate authorities
366:History of the Internet
229:Internet protocol suite
224:Internet exchange point
11935:Relevant organizations
11654:Without a proxy server
11395:Product demonstrations
10824:Historical negationism
9970:YouTube video blocking
9921:Bosnia and Herzegovina
9185:Suppression of dissent
8332:7 January 2012 at the
8172:10.5281/zenodo.3967398
5506:31 August 2013 at the
5116:An American in Beijing
4662:Stop Online Piracy Act
4580:List of copyright acts
4508:The Digital Imprimatur
4319:reports, among others.
4085:61% a lot or somewhat,
2997:: 2006–2008, 2012–2014
2492:
2491:
2298:2011 Egyptian protests
2270:had won a case at the
2258:International concerns
1634:faith, and indigenous
1570:Encrypted Client Hello
1544:Increased use of HTTPS
1476:sanitization/redaction
1252:
1158:On 12 March 2013 in a
1048:
836:: Access to a certain
814:encrypted connections.
767:points, international
555:or for increased user
472:control or suppression
99:Freedom of information
11686:Refraction networking
11327:Reputation management
11246:Psychological warfare
11095:Political campaigning
10904:Firehose of falsehood
10418:North Korean websites
8951:Conspiracy of silence
8941:Collateral censorship
8866:Speech and expression
8725:"Online Survival Kit"
8701:"Index on Censorship"
8690:at Wikimedia Commons
8555:. 13 September 2013.
8355:14 March 2013 at the
8217:Taye, Berhan (2021).
8080:12 March 2014 at the
8030:14 March 2010 at the
8010:16 March 2009 at the
7812:22 April 2018 at the
7788:12 April 2019 at the
7740:26 March 2018 at the
6805:indexoncensorship.org
6597:8 August 2020 at the
6212:. 24 September 2018.
5083:9 August 2020 at the
4520:computer-aided design
4493:Computer surveillance
4232:Russian–Ukrainian War
3982: 9% never
3978:36% most of the time,
3961:31% most of the time,
3802:agreed more strongly.
2532:Censorship by country
2517:U.S. State Department
2453:
2444:
2213:freedom of expression
2187:. Content related to
2167:Censorship by country
2091:right to be forgotten
2085:Right to be forgotten
2050:Proxy avoidance sites
1250:
1222:Amnesty International
1063:University of Toronto
1042:
986:search result removal
976:Network disconnection
842:shared hosting server
728:, blocking access to
570:access to information
553:circumvent censorship
537:freedom of expression
11763:Proprietary software
11362:Corporate propaganda
10223:in the United States
9860:United Arab Emirates
9228:Muhammad controversy
9165:Naturalistic fallacy
9073:computer and network
8618:. 26 February 2022.
8500:4 March 2016 at the
8481:20 July 2018 at the
7764:16 June 2018 at the
7606:. 17 November 2019.
7542:. 23 November 2019.
7453:internetshutdowns.in
6951:. 28 December 2012.
6637:. 2 September 2002.
6616:4 March 2013 at the
6005:18 July 2014 at the
5710:, J. David Goodman,
5624:on 6 September 2005.
5562:on 12 November 2020.
5201:For an example, see
4965:, Dutton, March 2003
4915:10 June 2016 at the
4518:, co-founder of the
4385:Open Technology Fund
4133:from making further
4108:United Arab Emirates
3734:Access Now #KeepItOn
3600:United Arab Emirates
3504:: 2008–2009 and 2011
3233:United Arab Emirates
2958:freedom of the press
2524:Human Rights Reports
2217:freedom of the press
1785:, prostitution, and
1654:Russian web brigades
697:Technical censorship
149:Virtual volunteering
12052:Internet censorship
11562:DNS cache poisoning
11557:IP address blocking
11537:Internet censorship
11450:Media concentration
11322:Non-apology apology
11312:Cult of personality
11040:Emotive conjugation
10794:Burying of scholars
10372:Websites blocked in
9642:Trinidad and Tobago
9223:Internet censorship
8755:Circumvention Tools
8705:Index on Censorship
8688:Internet censorship
8313:1 June 2013 at the
8259:Access Now (2021).
8100:19 May 2021 at the
7990:22 May 2010 at the
6378:on 11 December 2008
6299:on 25 February 2009
6210:The Cloudflare Blog
5714:, 15 September 2011
5607:on 5 December 2008.
5300:14 May 2020 at the
4881:Columbia Law Review
4647:– Italian Knowledge
4639:DDL intercettazioni
4413:, and increase the
4238:Russo-Ukrainian War
3833:strongly disagree).
3715:Gamma International
2888: 7 (15%)
2885: 8 (22%)
2850: 9 (60%)
2818: 5 (33%)
2783: 4 (27%)
2751: 7 (47%)
2722: 8 (22%)
2719: 4 (27%)
2648:
2131:Index on Censorship
2097:. In May 2014, the
1829:Sites that include
1822:Sites that contain
1815:Sites that contain
1748:Sites that include
1737:and content deemed
1393:Twitter suspensions
1071:Stanford University
769:optical fibre links
468:Internet censorship
431:Internet portal
371:Oldest domain names
11840:Anonymous software
11806:Browser extensions
11433:Influence-for-hire
11226:National mythology
11196:Crowd manipulation
11085:Tabloid journalism
10954:Video manipulation
10899:Fictitious entries
10622:Civil disobedience
10508:Media manipulation
10344:Microsoft in China
10198:File sharing sites
9567:Dominican Republic
9160:Moralistic fallacy
8898:banned video games
8881:banned televisions
8717:2017-06-07 at the
8655:OpenNet Initiative
8597:10.3390/rel9110358
8261:"STOP Methodology"
8070:"Internet Enemies"
8056:2012-03-23 at the
8004:"Internet enemies"
7711:on 1 November 2018
7673:OpenNet Initiative
7629:Mihalcik, Carrie.
7127:The New York Times
6949:The New York Times
6781:on 21 October 2014
6563:, 8 September 2011
6427:on 18 October 2017
6406:The Fix 2013-02-28
6063:The New York Times
5948:. pp. 25–28.
5921:"Terms of Service"
5902:"Terms of Service"
5888:6 May 2007 at the
5761:link.galegroup.com
5556:The New York Times
5376:, 1 September 2011
4853:The New York Times
4804:The New York Times
4770:www.iplocation.net
4391:OpenNet Initiative
4317:Freedom on the Net
4199:, and Dubai-based
3717:(UK and Germany),
3662:On 12 March 2013,
2644:
2625:Freedom on the Net
2497:OpenNet Initiative
2493:
2283:Internet shutdowns
2067:– particularly in
1971:Examples include:
1934:Examples include:
1920:Christian Engström
1887:Muslim Brotherhood
1870:Examples include:
1744:Examples include:
1593:Examples include:
1585:Politics and power
1253:
1207:OpenNet Initiative
1187:Chinese Government
1174:(UK and Germany),
1081:filtering software
1067:OpenNet Initiative
1049:
915:escaped characters
804:X.509 certificates
757:Autonomous Systems
214:Domain Name System
104:Internet phenomena
12008:
12007:
11909:
11908:
11828:
11827:
11694:
11693:
11547:National intranet
11488:
11487:
11254:Airborne leaflets
11133:Election promises
10987:Product placement
10862:Alternative facts
10602:Alternative media
10474:
10473:
10140:
10139:
9236:
9235:
9218:Freedom of speech
9063:Strategic lawsuit
9013:National intranet
8961:Damnatio memoriae
8686:Media related to
8651:licensed material
8391:978-0-415-42914-6
7677:child pornography
6527:. 11 March 2007.
5963:978-1-4503-0909-7
5586:978-0-415-42914-6
5349:978-0-415-42914-6
5245:Greenberg, Andy.
5226:on 8 October 2009
5177:www.howtogeek.com
5047:978-0-415-42914-6
4846:(11 March 2014).
4749:
4748:
4694:Parental controls
4607:(DMCA) – a US law
4554:Internet activism
4522:software company
4289:child pornography
4091:
4090:
3976:27% all the time,
3959:16% all the time,
3855:No. of Responses
3790:, while users in
3753:BBC World Service
3711:Blue Coat Systems
3639:
3638:
2907:
2906:
2489:
2488:
2411:the fuel protests
2205:Child pornography
1857:national security
1840:Security concerns
1793:Child pornography
1735:child pornography
1531:In June 2011 the
1460:proposed deletion
1286:and/or destroyed.
1282:Equipment may be
1168:Blue Coat Systems
982:Portal censorship
808:man-in-the-middle
749:Internet backbone
740:Points of control
517:use of copyrights
497:age-inappropriate
465:
464:
316:Instant messaging
234:Internet Protocol
144:Virtual community
41:visualization of
12064:
12037:
12022:
12016:
11998:
11997:
11988:
11987:
11837:
11836:
11703:
11702:
11612:
11611:
11515:
11508:
11501:
11492:
11491:
11480:Media proprietor
11304:Public relations
11284:Public diplomacy
11269:Information (IT)
11148:Name recognition
10773:Media regulation
10755:Annoyance factor
10612:Call-out culture
10527:Crowd psychology
10501:
10494:
10487:
10478:
10477:
10167:
10160:
10153:
10144:
10143:
10132:Papua New Guinea
9416:
9263:
9256:
9249:
9240:
9239:
9175:Propaganda model
8803:Media regulation
8789:
8782:
8775:
8766:
8765:
8695:Censorship Wikia
8685:
8647:
8632:
8631:
8629:
8627:
8608:
8602:
8601:
8599:
8575:
8569:
8568:
8566:
8564:
8549:
8543:
8530:
8524:
8511:
8505:
8492:
8486:
8473:
8467:
8466:
8464:
8462:
8456:
8449:
8440:
8434:
8421:
8415:
8402:
8396:
8395:
8375:
8369:
8366:
8360:
8347:
8341:
8324:
8318:
8305:
8296:
8293:
8287:
8286:
8284:
8282:
8276:
8265:
8256:
8247:
8246:
8244:
8242:
8236:
8223:
8214:
8208:
8202:
8196:
8195:
8193:
8191:
8157:
8144:
8143:
8141:
8139:
8133:
8126:
8115:
8104:
8091:
8085:
8067:
8061:
8050:Internet Enemies
8046:
8035:
8021:
8015:
8001:
7995:
7981:
7975:
7974:
7972:
7970:
7965:on 12 April 2019
7964:
7953:
7945:
7936:
7935:
7933:
7931:
7925:
7919:. October 2016.
7914:
7906:
7897:
7896:
7894:
7892:
7886:
7880:. October 2015.
7875:
7867:
7858:
7857:
7855:
7853:
7847:
7836:
7828:
7817:
7802:
7793:
7778:
7769:
7754:
7745:
7730:
7721:
7720:
7718:
7716:
7710:
7699:
7691:
7680:
7669:
7663:
7657:
7651:
7650:
7648:
7646:
7626:
7620:
7619:
7617:
7615:
7596:
7590:
7589:
7587:
7585:
7565:
7556:
7555:
7553:
7551:
7532:
7526:
7525:
7523:
7521:
7512:. 26 June 2019.
7506:
7500:
7499:
7497:
7495:
7484:Global Views 360
7475:
7469:
7468:
7466:
7464:
7445:
7439:
7438:
7436:
7434:
7425:. 26 June 2019.
7419:
7410:
7409:
7407:
7405:
7396:. 25 June 2019.
7390:
7384:
7383:
7381:
7379:
7370:. 27 June 2019.
7364:
7358:
7357:
7355:
7353:
7338:
7332:
7331:
7329:
7327:
7308:
7302:
7301:
7299:
7297:
7277:
7271:
7270:
7268:
7266:
7251:
7242:
7241:
7239:
7237:
7218:
7212:
7211:
7209:
7207:
7187:
7178:
7177:
7175:
7173:
7157:
7144:
7143:
7141:
7139:
7117:
7111:
7110:
7108:
7106:
7086:
7080:
7079:
7059:
7053:
7052:
7050:
7048:
7000:
6994:
6993:
6991:
6989:
6971:
6965:
6964:
6962:
6960:
6941:
6935:
6909:
6903:
6888:
6886:
6884:
6878:
6872:. Archived from
6871:
6863:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6830:
6821:
6820:
6818:
6816:
6797:
6791:
6790:
6788:
6786:
6771:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6760:
6745:
6739:
6738:
6736:
6734:
6715:
6709:
6708:
6706:
6704:
6684:
6678:
6677:
6675:
6673:
6657:
6651:
6650:
6648:
6646:
6627:
6621:
6608:
6602:
6589:
6583:
6570:
6564:
6547:
6541:
6540:
6538:
6536:
6517:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6506:
6481:
6475:
6462:
6456:
6443:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6432:
6413:
6407:
6394:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6383:
6374:. Archived from
6368:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6357:
6341:
6334:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6304:
6289:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6278:
6269:. Archived from
6259:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6248:
6232:
6226:
6225:
6223:
6221:
6202:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6191:
6185:
6177:Dash.Harvard.Edu
6174:
6165:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6154:
6134:
6128:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6103:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6092:
6072:
6066:
6049:
6043:
6026:
6020:
6016:
6010:
5997:
5991:
5990:
5982:
5976:
5975:
5937:
5931:
5918:
5912:
5899:
5893:
5880:
5874:
5861:
5855:
5842:
5836:
5835:
5833:
5831:
5811:
5805:
5804:
5788:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5772:
5752:
5746:
5733:
5727:
5724:
5715:
5698:
5692:
5689:Sun Microsystems
5663:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5652:
5632:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5616:
5608:
5597:
5591:
5590:
5570:
5564:
5563:
5558:. Archived from
5547:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5536:
5517:
5511:
5496:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5478:
5469:. 9 March 2018.
5459:
5453:
5440:
5427:
5414:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5403:
5383:
5377:
5360:
5354:
5353:
5333:
5324:
5311:
5305:
5292:
5286:
5273:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5262:
5242:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5222:. Archived from
5211:
5205:
5199:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5188:
5168:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5157:
5141:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5127:
5107:
5101:
5075:
5052:
5051:
5031:
5022:
5007:
5001:
4988:
4982:
4972:
4966:
4951:
4926:
4906:
4897:
4896:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4865:
4840:Schmidt, Eric E.
4836:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4800:
4792:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4762:
4481:Block (Internet)
4460:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4446:
4441:
4440:
4411:right to privacy
4403:The Pirate Party
4268:
3849:
3848:
3844:Internet Society
3626:
3624:
3623:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2964:
2649:
2643:
2633:Internet freedom
2482:
2476:
2469: Accessible
2468:
2462:
2456:
2449:YouTube blocking
2326:Syrian civil war
2193:Holocaust denial
2157:Around the world
1999:E-mail providers
1846:defense in depth
1831:political satire
1769:illegal drug use
1404:Terms of Service
1397:Terms of Service
1103:, Saudi Arabia,
1093:Secure Computing
1057:Writing in 2009
963:: If a previous
961:Connection reset
929:Packet filtering
810:surveillance of
759:), operators of
732:, analyzing and
644:(who employs an
484:internet domains
457:
450:
443:
429:
428:
403:
402:
35:
21:
20:
12072:
12071:
12067:
12066:
12065:
12063:
12062:
12061:
12042:
12041:
12040:
12035:Wayback Machine
12017:
12013:
12009:
12004:
11974:
11958:
11930:
11905:
11866:
11824:
11801:
11758:
11690:
11681:Domain fronting
11649:
11603:
11525:
11519:
11489:
11484:
11475:Media influence
11470:Media franchise
11455:Media democracy
11421:
11366:
11298:
11240:
11221:Loaded language
11172:
11089:
11006:
10958:
10848:
10777:
10759:
10686:
10627:Culture jamming
10576:
10510:
10505:
10475:
10470:
10367:
10285:
10176:
10171:
10141:
10136:
10105:
10036:North Macedonia
9879:
9668:
9500:
9412:
9272:
9267:
9237:
9232:
9194:
9094:
9053:Self-censorship
9028:Prior restraint
9018:Newspaper theft
9003:Internet police
8936:Chilling effect
8926:Broadcast delay
8904:
8798:
8793:
8741:, Vienna, 2004.
8719:Wayback Machine
8679:
8665:
8663:Further reading
8640:
8635:
8625:
8623:
8610:
8609:
8605:
8576:
8572:
8562:
8560:
8551:
8550:
8546:
8540:Wayback Machine
8531:
8527:
8521:Wayback Machine
8512:
8508:
8502:Wayback Machine
8493:
8489:
8483:Wayback Machine
8474:
8470:
8460:
8458:
8454:
8447:
8441:
8437:
8431:Wayback Machine
8422:
8418:
8412:Wayback Machine
8403:
8399:
8392:
8376:
8372:
8367:
8363:
8357:Wayback Machine
8348:
8344:
8334:Wayback Machine
8325:
8321:
8315:Wayback Machine
8306:
8299:
8294:
8290:
8280:
8278:
8274:
8263:
8257:
8250:
8240:
8238:
8234:
8221:
8215:
8211:
8203:
8199:
8189:
8187:
8158:
8147:
8137:
8135:
8131:
8124:
8116:
8107:
8102:Wayback Machine
8092:
8088:
8082:Wayback Machine
8068:
8064:
8058:Wayback Machine
8047:
8038:
8032:Wayback Machine
8022:
8018:
8012:Wayback Machine
8002:
7998:
7992:Wayback Machine
7982:
7978:
7968:
7966:
7962:
7951:
7947:
7946:
7939:
7929:
7927:
7923:
7912:
7908:
7907:
7900:
7890:
7888:
7884:
7873:
7869:
7868:
7861:
7851:
7849:
7845:
7834:
7830:
7829:
7820:
7814:Wayback Machine
7803:
7796:
7790:Wayback Machine
7779:
7772:
7766:Wayback Machine
7755:
7748:
7742:Wayback Machine
7731:
7724:
7714:
7712:
7708:
7697:
7693:
7692:
7683:
7670:
7666:
7658:
7654:
7644:
7642:
7627:
7623:
7613:
7611:
7598:
7597:
7593:
7583:
7581:
7566:
7559:
7549:
7547:
7534:
7533:
7529:
7519:
7517:
7508:
7507:
7503:
7493:
7491:
7476:
7472:
7462:
7460:
7447:
7446:
7442:
7432:
7430:
7421:
7420:
7413:
7403:
7401:
7392:
7391:
7387:
7377:
7375:
7366:
7365:
7361:
7351:
7349:
7344:. 9 July 2019.
7340:
7339:
7335:
7325:
7323:
7310:
7309:
7305:
7295:
7293:
7278:
7274:
7264:
7262:
7261:on 4 March 2016
7253:
7252:
7245:
7235:
7233:
7220:
7219:
7215:
7205:
7203:
7188:
7181:
7171:
7169:
7158:
7147:
7137:
7135:
7118:
7114:
7104:
7102:
7087:
7083:
7061:
7060:
7056:
7046:
7044:
7001:
6997:
6987:
6985:
6972:
6968:
6958:
6956:
6943:
6942:
6938:
6932:Wayback Machine
6919:Wayback Machine
6910:
6906:
6900:Wayback Machine
6882:
6880:
6879:on 29 June 2012
6876:
6869:
6865:
6864:
6860:
6831:
6824:
6814:
6812:
6807:. 13 May 2014.
6799:
6798:
6794:
6784:
6782:
6773:
6772:
6768:
6758:
6756:
6747:
6746:
6742:
6732:
6730:
6725:. 13 May 2014.
6717:
6716:
6712:
6702:
6700:
6685:
6681:
6671:
6669:
6658:
6654:
6644:
6642:
6629:
6628:
6624:
6618:Wayback Machine
6609:
6605:
6599:Wayback Machine
6590:
6586:
6580:Wayback Machine
6571:
6567:
6561:The Independent
6557:Wayback Machine
6548:
6544:
6534:
6532:
6519:
6518:
6514:
6504:
6502:
6487:(9 July 2011).
6482:
6478:
6472:Wayback Machine
6463:
6459:
6453:Wayback Machine
6444:
6440:
6430:
6428:
6415:
6414:
6410:
6404:Wayback Machine
6395:
6391:
6381:
6379:
6370:
6369:
6365:
6355:
6353:
6336:
6335:
6312:
6302:
6300:
6291:
6290:
6286:
6276:
6274:
6261:
6260:
6256:
6246:
6244:
6233:
6229:
6219:
6217:
6204:
6203:
6199:
6189:
6187:
6183:
6172:
6166:
6162:
6152:
6150:
6135:
6131:
6121:
6119:
6104:
6100:
6090:
6088:
6073:
6069:
6059:Wayback Machine
6050:
6046:
6036:Wayback Machine
6027:
6023:
6017:
6013:
6007:Wayback Machine
5998:
5994:
5983:
5979:
5964:
5938:
5934:
5928:Wayback Machine
5919:
5915:
5909:Wayback Machine
5900:
5896:
5890:Wayback Machine
5881:
5877:
5871:Wayback Machine
5862:
5858:
5852:Wayback Machine
5843:
5839:
5829:
5827:
5812:
5808:
5789:
5780:
5770:
5768:
5753:
5749:
5743:Wayback Machine
5734:
5730:
5725:
5718:
5708:Wayback Machine
5699:
5695:
5687:, Websense and
5685:Nortel Networks
5673:Wayback Machine
5664:
5660:
5650:
5648:
5633:
5629:
5621:
5614:
5599:
5598:
5594:
5587:
5571:
5567:
5548:
5544:
5534:
5532:
5527:. 27 May 2016.
5519:
5518:
5514:
5508:Wayback Machine
5497:
5486:
5476:
5474:
5467:The Citizen Lab
5461:
5460:
5456:
5450:Wayback Machine
5441:
5430:
5424:Wayback Machine
5415:
5411:
5401:
5399:
5384:
5380:
5370:Wayback Machine
5361:
5357:
5350:
5334:
5327:
5321:Wayback Machine
5312:
5308:
5302:Wayback Machine
5293:
5289:
5283:Wayback Machine
5274:
5270:
5260:
5258:
5243:
5239:
5229:
5227:
5212:
5208:
5200:
5196:
5186:
5184:
5179:. How to geek.
5169:
5165:
5155:
5153:
5142:
5135:
5125:
5123:
5108:
5104:
5098:Wayback Machine
5085:Wayback Machine
5076:
5055:
5048:
5032:
5025:
5019:Wayback Machine
5008:
5004:
4998:Wayback Machine
4989:
4985:
4973:
4969:
4963:Wayback Machine
4952:
4929:
4917:Wayback Machine
4908:Marcello Mari.
4907:
4900:
4877:
4873:
4863:
4861:
4837:
4824:
4814:
4812:
4793:
4789:
4779:
4777:
4764:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4750:
4729:Takedown notice
4677:– a Russian law
4572:Internet safety
4549:Internet police
4503:Cyber-dissident
4456:
4451:
4449:
4444:Internet portal
4442:
4435:
4265:
4234:
4175:of 2011, media
4169:
4155:
4096:
4086:
4073:
4071:
4058:
4056:
4043:
4041:
4028:
4026:
4013:
4011:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3947:
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3932:
3930:
3917:
3915:
3902:
3900:
3887:
3885:
3872:
3870:
3840:
3749:
3736:
3727:
3660:
3640:
3621:
3619:
3607:
3605:
3593:
3591:
3579:
3577:
3565:
3563:
3560:: 2008 and 2011
3551:
3549:
3537:
3535:
3523:
3521:
3509:
3507:
3495:
3493:
3474:
3472:
3460:
3458:
3446:
3444:
3432:
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3418:
3416:
3404:
3402:
3390:
3388:
3376:
3374:
3362:
3360:
3348:
3346:
3334:
3332:
3320:
3318:
3306:
3304:
3295:
3282:
3280:
3268:
3266:
3254:
3252:
3240:
3238:
3226:
3224:
3212:
3210:
3198:
3196:
3184:
3182:
3170:
3168:
3156:
3154:
3142:
3140:
3128:
3126:
3114:
3112:
3100:
3098:
3086:
3084:
3072:
3070:
3058:
3056:
3044:
3042:
3030:
3028:
3016:
3014:
3002:
3000:
2988:
2986:
2974:
2972:
2956:that advocates
2946:
2941:
2621:
2540:
2509:V-Dem Institute
2490:
2484:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2452:
2439:
2291:
2289:Internet outage
2285:
2260:
2169:
2161:Main articles:
2159:
2146:
2087:
2081:
1987:Social networks
1966:
1906:
1842:
1731:
1622:group sites in
1587:
1578:
1568:handshake. The
1546:
1497:
1491:
1464:Speedy deletion
1399:
1389:
1336:
1330:
1325:
1245:
1239:
1055:
1037:
1028:
827:
742:
707:
699:
694:
565:
541:First Amendment
501:self-censorship
461:
423:
418:
417:
394:
386:
385:
361:
353:
352:
274:
266:
265:
209:
199:
198:
164:
154:
153:
54:
46:
17:
12:
11:
5:
12070:
12060:
12059:
12054:
12039:
12038:
12010:
12006:
12005:
11979:
11976:
11975:
11973:
11972:
11966:
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11956:
11951:
11950:
11949:
11938:
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11932:
11931:
11929:
11928:
11923:
11917:
11915:
11911:
11910:
11907:
11906:
11904:
11903:
11898:
11893:
11888:
11883:
11877:
11875:
11868:
11867:
11865:
11864:
11859:
11854:
11852:JAP (JonDonym)
11849:
11843:
11841:
11834:
11830:
11829:
11826:
11825:
11823:
11822:
11815:
11809:
11807:
11803:
11802:
11800:
11799:
11794:
11787:
11785:Hotspot Shield
11782:
11777:
11772:
11766:
11764:
11760:
11759:
11757:
11756:
11751:
11746:
11739:
11732:
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11722:
11717:
11711:
11709:
11700:
11696:
11695:
11692:
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11683:
11678:
11673:
11668:
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11650:
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11637:
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11576:
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11574:
11569:
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11559:
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11549:
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11518:
11517:
11510:
11503:
11495:
11486:
11485:
11483:
11482:
11477:
11472:
11467:
11462:
11457:
11452:
11447:
11446:
11445:
11435:
11429:
11427:
11423:
11422:
11420:
11419:
11414:
11409:
11408:
11407:
11397:
11392:
11387:
11382:
11376:
11374:
11368:
11367:
11365:
11364:
11359:
11354:
11352:Understatement
11349:
11344:
11339:
11334:
11329:
11324:
11319:
11314:
11308:
11306:
11300:
11299:
11297:
11296:
11291:
11286:
11281:
11276:
11271:
11266:
11261:
11256:
11250:
11248:
11242:
11241:
11239:
11238:
11233:
11228:
11223:
11218:
11216:Indoctrination
11213:
11208:
11203:
11201:Disinformation
11198:
11193:
11188:
11182:
11180:
11174:
11173:
11171:
11170:
11165:
11163:Smear campaign
11160:
11155:
11150:
11145:
11140:
11135:
11130:
11125:
11120:
11115:
11110:
11105:
11099:
11097:
11091:
11090:
11088:
11087:
11082:
11080:Sensationalism
11077:
11072:
11067:
11062:
11057:
11052:
11047:
11042:
11037:
11032:
11027:
11022:
11020:Agenda-setting
11016:
11014:
11008:
11007:
11005:
11004:
10999:
10994:
10989:
10984:
10979:
10974:
10968:
10966:
10960:
10959:
10957:
10956:
10951:
10946:
10941:
10936:
10931:
10926:
10921:
10916:
10911:
10906:
10901:
10896:
10894:False document
10891:
10886:
10885:
10884:
10874:
10869:
10864:
10858:
10856:
10850:
10849:
10847:
10846:
10841:
10836:
10831:
10826:
10821:
10816:
10811:
10806:
10801:
10799:Catch and kill
10796:
10791:
10786:
10780:
10778:
10776:
10775:
10770:
10764:
10761:
10760:
10758:
10757:
10752:
10747:
10742:
10737:
10732:
10727:
10722:
10717:
10712:
10707:
10702:
10696:
10694:
10688:
10687:
10685:
10684:
10679:
10674:
10669:
10664:
10659:
10654:
10649:
10644:
10639:
10634:
10632:Demonstrations
10629:
10624:
10619:
10617:Cancel culture
10614:
10609:
10604:
10599:
10598:
10597:
10586:
10584:
10578:
10577:
10575:
10574:
10569:
10564:
10559:
10554:
10549:
10544:
10539:
10534:
10529:
10524:
10518:
10516:
10512:
10511:
10504:
10503:
10496:
10489:
10481:
10472:
10471:
10469:
10468:
10467:
10466:
10456:
10451:
10450:
10449:
10448:
10447:
10435:United Kingdom
10432:
10427:
10422:
10421:
10420:
10410:
10409:
10408:
10398:
10393:
10392:
10391:
10384:Mainland China
10381:
10375:
10373:
10369:
10368:
10366:
10365:
10364:
10363:
10353:
10352:
10351:
10349:Skype in China
10341:
10340:
10339:
10329:
10324:
10319:
10314:
10309:
10307:Cisco in China
10304:
10299:
10293:
10291:
10287:
10286:
10284:
10283:
10282:
10281:
10271:
10270:
10269:
10264:
10259:
10254:
10244:
10243:
10242:
10237:
10227:
10226:
10225:
10215:
10213:The Pirate Bay
10210:
10205:
10200:
10195:
10190:
10184:
10182:
10178:
10177:
10170:
10169:
10162:
10155:
10147:
10138:
10137:
10135:
10134:
10129:
10124:
10119:
10113:
10111:
10107:
10106:
10104:
10103:
10101:United Kingdom
10098:
10093:
10088:
10083:
10078:
10073:
10068:
10063:
10058:
10053:
10048:
10043:
10038:
10033:
10028:
10023:
10018:
10013:
10008:
10003:
9998:
9993:
9988:
9983:
9978:
9973:
9963:
9958:
9953:
9948:
9943:
9941:Czech Republic
9938:
9933:
9928:
9923:
9918:
9913:
9908:
9903:
9898:
9893:
9887:
9885:
9881:
9880:
9878:
9877:
9872:
9867:
9862:
9857:
9852:
9847:
9842:
9837:
9832:
9827:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9792:
9787:
9782:
9777:
9772:
9767:
9762:
9757:
9752:
9747:
9742:
9737:
9732:
9727:
9722:
9717:
9712:
9707:
9702:
9697:
9692:
9687:
9682:
9676:
9674:
9670:
9669:
9667:
9666:
9661:
9656:
9655:
9654:
9644:
9639:
9634:
9629:
9624:
9619:
9614:
9609:
9604:
9599:
9594:
9589:
9584:
9579:
9574:
9569:
9564:
9559:
9554:
9549:
9544:
9539:
9534:
9529:
9524:
9519:
9514:
9508:
9506:
9502:
9501:
9499:
9498:
9493:
9488:
9483:
9478:
9473:
9468:
9463:
9458:
9453:
9448:
9443:
9438:
9433:
9428:
9423:
9418:
9414:Western Sahara
9406:
9401:
9396:
9391:
9386:
9381:
9376:
9371:
9366:
9361:
9356:
9351:
9346:
9341:
9336:
9331:
9326:
9321:
9316:
9311:
9306:
9301:
9296:
9291:
9286:
9280:
9278:
9274:
9273:
9266:
9265:
9258:
9251:
9243:
9234:
9233:
9231:
9230:
9225:
9220:
9215:
9214:
9213:
9202:
9200:
9196:
9195:
9193:
9192:
9187:
9182:
9177:
9172:
9167:
9162:
9157:
9152:
9147:
9142:
9141:
9140:
9130:
9129:
9128:
9123:
9118:
9108:
9102:
9100:
9096:
9095:
9093:
9092:
9090:Word filtering
9087:
9082:
9081:
9080:
9075:
9065:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9040:
9035:
9030:
9025:
9020:
9015:
9010:
9005:
9000:
8998:Heckler's veto
8995:
8990:
8985:
8980:
8975:
8974:
8973:
8963:
8958:
8953:
8948:
8943:
8938:
8933:
8928:
8923:
8918:
8912:
8910:
8906:
8905:
8903:
8902:
8901:
8900:
8890:
8885:
8884:
8883:
8873:
8868:
8863:
8858:
8853:
8848:
8843:
8842:
8841:
8831:
8830:
8829:
8819:
8818:
8817:
8806:
8804:
8800:
8799:
8792:
8791:
8784:
8777:
8769:
8763:
8762:
8742:
8732:
8722:
8708:
8698:
8678:
8677:External links
8675:
8674:
8673:
8664:
8661:
8660:
8659:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8633:
8603:
8570:
8544:
8525:
8506:
8487:
8468:
8435:
8416:
8397:
8390:
8370:
8361:
8342:
8340:, 8 March 2010
8319:
8297:
8288:
8248:
8209:
8197:
8145:
8105:
8086:
8062:
8036:
8016:
7996:
7976:
7937:
7898:
7859:
7818:
7794:
7770:
7746:
7722:
7681:
7664:
7652:
7621:
7591:
7557:
7527:
7501:
7470:
7440:
7411:
7385:
7359:
7333:
7303:
7272:
7243:
7213:
7179:
7160:Cowie, James.
7145:
7112:
7081:
7054:
6995:
6966:
6936:
6904:
6867:"Introduction"
6858:
6822:
6792:
6766:
6740:
6710:
6699:on 14 May 2014
6679:
6668:on 16 May 2014
6652:
6622:
6603:
6584:
6565:
6542:
6512:
6485:Rick Falkvinge
6476:
6457:
6438:
6408:
6389:
6363:
6310:
6284:
6273:on 29 May 2012
6254:
6227:
6197:
6160:
6129:
6098:
6067:
6065:, 12 June 2011
6044:
6021:
6011:
5992:
5977:
5962:
5932:
5913:
5894:
5875:
5856:
5837:
5806:
5778:
5747:
5728:
5716:
5693:
5658:
5627:
5592:
5585:
5565:
5542:
5512:
5484:
5454:
5428:
5409:
5378:
5374:New York Times
5355:
5348:
5325:
5306:
5287:
5268:
5237:
5206:
5194:
5163:
5133:
5102:
5053:
5046:
5023:
5002:
4983:
4967:
4927:
4898:
4887:(3): 687–694.
4871:
4822:
4787:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4747:
4746:
4742:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4678:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4659:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4632:
4631:– a French law
4626:
4625:
4624:
4618:– New Zealand
4613:
4608:
4602:
4601:
4600:
4589:
4583:
4574:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4529:Digital rights
4526:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4484:
4478:
4476:Anti-copyright
4473:
4462:
4461:
4447:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4417:
4400:
4394:
4388:
4382:
4376:
4367:
4361:
4355:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4335:
4326:
4320:
4310:
4304:
4298:
4291:
4282:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4257:European Union
4233:
4230:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4142:
4115:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4080:
4076:
4075:
4068:
4065:
4061:
4060:
4053:
4050:
4046:
4045:
4038:
4035:
4031:
4030:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4015:
4008:
4005:
4001:
4000:
3991:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3980:29% sometimes,
3974:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3963:41% sometimes,
3957:
3954:
3950:
3949:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3934:
3927:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3912:
3909:
3905:
3904:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3889:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3810:
3803:
3776:
3773:
3766:
3765:
3748:
3745:
3741:remote sensing
3735:
3732:
3726:
3723:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3659:
3653:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3631:
3617:
3603:
3589:
3575:
3561:
3547:
3533:
3519:
3505:
3485:
3484:
3470:
3469:: 2010–present
3456:
3455:: 2011–present
3442:
3441:: 2008–present
3428:
3414:
3413:: 2009–present
3400:
3386:
3385:: 2008–present
3372:
3371:: 2011–present
3358:
3344:
3343:: 2011–present
3330:
3329:: 2009-present
3316:
3315:: 2009–present
3297:
3293:
3292:
3278:
3264:
3250:
3247:United Kingdom
3236:
3222:
3208:
3194:
3180:
3166:
3152:
3138:
3124:
3110:
3096:
3082:
3068:
3054:
3040:
3026:
3012:
2998:
2984:
2962:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2909:
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2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
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2851:
2848:
2845:
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2799:
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2749:
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2700:
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2659:
2656:
2653:
2620:
2617:
2565:United Kingdom
2539:
2536:
2487:
2486:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2454:
2445:
2438:
2435:
2284:
2281:
2259:
2256:
2195:is blocked in
2158:
2155:
2145:
2142:
2133:claimed that "
2101:ruled against
2095:European Union
2083:Main article:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2069:Mainland China
2057:Search engines
2054:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2037:
2032:
2024:sites such as
2019:
2011:sites such as
2006:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1993:and Instagram)
1984:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1954:
1949:
1947:The Pirate Bay
1924:Rick Falkvinge
1916:Anti-copyright
1905:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1890:
1883:
1877:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1806:Gambling sites
1804:
1790:
1779:Sex and erotic
1776:
1765:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1712:
1675:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1642:
1613:
1598:
1586:
1583:
1577:
1576:Common targets
1574:
1545:
1542:
1533:New York Times
1522:GlobalWebIndex
1505:proxy websites
1493:Main article:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1479:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1414:
1388:
1385:
1355:Glenn Reynolds
1353:Law professor
1332:Main article:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1290:
1287:
1280:
1277:civil lawsuits
1273:
1270:
1263:
1260:
1241:Main article:
1238:
1235:
1076:New York Times
1059:Ronald Deibert
1051:Main article:
1043:Screenshot of
1036:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1008:
997:
990:search engines
979:
973:
958:
926:
900:
873:
826:
823:
822:
821:
815:
797:
793:
790:
786:
772:
741:
738:
734:filtering URLs
706:
703:
698:
695:
693:
690:
631:Internet cafes
622:
621:
610:
602:
595:
564:
561:
545:GlobalWebIndex
505:societal norms
463:
462:
460:
459:
452:
445:
437:
434:
433:
420:
419:
416:
415:
408:
395:
392:
391:
388:
387:
384:
383:
378:
373:
368:
362:
359:
358:
355:
354:
351:
350:
349:
348:
341:World Wide Web
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
287:
286:
275:
272:
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197:
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191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
165:
160:
159:
156:
155:
152:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
109:Net neutrality
106:
101:
96:
91:
89:Digital rights
86:
84:Digital divide
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
55:
52:
51:
48:
47:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12069:
12058:
12055:
12053:
12050:
12049:
12047:
12036:
12032:
12029:
12025:
12021:
12015:
12011:
12003:
12002:
11993:
11992:
11982:
11977:
11971:
11968:
11967:
11965:
11961:
11955:
11954:Turkey Blocks
11952:
11948:
11945:
11944:
11943:
11940:
11939:
11937:
11933:
11927:
11926:USB dead drop
11924:
11922:
11919:
11918:
11916:
11912:
11902:
11899:
11897:
11894:
11892:
11889:
11887:
11884:
11882:
11879:
11878:
11876:
11873:
11872:Anonymous P2P
11869:
11863:
11860:
11858:
11855:
11853:
11850:
11848:
11845:
11844:
11842:
11838:
11835:
11831:
11821:
11820:
11816:
11814:
11811:
11810:
11808:
11804:
11798:
11795:
11793:
11792:
11788:
11786:
11783:
11781:
11778:
11776:
11773:
11771:
11768:
11767:
11765:
11761:
11755:
11752:
11750:
11747:
11745:
11744:
11740:
11738:
11737:
11733:
11731:
11728:
11726:
11723:
11721:
11718:
11716:
11713:
11712:
11710:
11708:
11707:Free software
11704:
11701:
11697:
11687:
11684:
11682:
11679:
11677:
11674:
11672:
11669:
11667:
11664:
11662:
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11658:
11656:
11652:
11646:
11643:
11641:
11638:
11636:
11633:
11631:
11628:
11626:
11623:
11622:
11620:
11618:
11613:
11610:
11606:
11598:
11595:
11593:
11590:
11588:
11585:
11583:
11580:
11579:
11577:
11573:
11570:
11568:
11565:
11563:
11560:
11558:
11555:
11554:
11552:
11548:
11545:
11543:
11540:
11539:
11538:
11535:
11534:
11532:
11528:
11523:
11516:
11511:
11509:
11504:
11502:
11497:
11496:
11493:
11481:
11478:
11476:
11473:
11471:
11468:
11466:
11463:
11461:
11460:Media ecology
11458:
11456:
11453:
11451:
11448:
11444:
11443:United States
11441:
11440:
11439:
11436:
11434:
11431:
11430:
11428:
11424:
11418:
11417:Telemarketing
11415:
11413:
11410:
11406:
11403:
11402:
11401:
11398:
11396:
11393:
11391:
11388:
11386:
11383:
11381:
11378:
11377:
11375:
11373:
11369:
11363:
11360:
11358:
11355:
11353:
11350:
11348:
11345:
11343:
11340:
11338:
11335:
11333:
11330:
11328:
11325:
11323:
11320:
11318:
11315:
11313:
11310:
11309:
11307:
11305:
11301:
11295:
11292:
11290:
11287:
11285:
11282:
11280:
11277:
11275:
11272:
11270:
11267:
11265:
11262:
11260:
11257:
11255:
11252:
11251:
11249:
11247:
11243:
11237:
11234:
11232:
11229:
11227:
11224:
11222:
11219:
11217:
11214:
11212:
11209:
11207:
11206:Fearmongering
11204:
11202:
11199:
11197:
11194:
11192:
11189:
11187:
11184:
11183:
11181:
11179:
11175:
11169:
11166:
11164:
11161:
11159:
11156:
11154:
11151:
11149:
11146:
11144:
11141:
11139:
11136:
11134:
11131:
11129:
11126:
11124:
11121:
11119:
11116:
11114:
11111:
11109:
11106:
11104:
11101:
11100:
11098:
11096:
11092:
11086:
11083:
11081:
11078:
11076:
11073:
11071:
11068:
11066:
11063:
11061:
11058:
11056:
11053:
11051:
11048:
11046:
11045:False balance
11043:
11041:
11038:
11036:
11033:
11031:
11028:
11026:
11023:
11021:
11018:
11017:
11015:
11013:
11009:
11003:
11002:Word of mouth
11000:
10998:
10995:
10993:
10990:
10988:
10985:
10983:
10980:
10978:
10975:
10973:
10970:
10969:
10967:
10965:
10961:
10955:
10952:
10950:
10947:
10945:
10942:
10940:
10937:
10935:
10932:
10930:
10927:
10925:
10922:
10920:
10917:
10915:
10912:
10910:
10907:
10905:
10902:
10900:
10897:
10895:
10892:
10890:
10887:
10883:
10880:
10879:
10878:
10875:
10873:
10870:
10868:
10865:
10863:
10860:
10859:
10857:
10855:
10851:
10845:
10842:
10840:
10837:
10835:
10832:
10830:
10827:
10825:
10822:
10820:
10817:
10815:
10812:
10810:
10807:
10805:
10802:
10800:
10797:
10795:
10792:
10790:
10789:Broadcast law
10787:
10785:
10782:
10781:
10779:
10774:
10771:
10769:
10766:
10765:
10762:
10756:
10753:
10751:
10748:
10746:
10743:
10741:
10738:
10736:
10733:
10731:
10728:
10726:
10723:
10721:
10718:
10716:
10713:
10711:
10708:
10706:
10703:
10701:
10698:
10697:
10695:
10693:
10689:
10683:
10680:
10678:
10675:
10673:
10670:
10668:
10665:
10663:
10660:
10658:
10655:
10653:
10650:
10648:
10645:
10643:
10640:
10638:
10637:Deplatforming
10635:
10633:
10630:
10628:
10625:
10623:
10620:
10618:
10615:
10613:
10610:
10608:
10605:
10603:
10600:
10596:
10593:
10592:
10591:
10588:
10587:
10585:
10583:
10579:
10573:
10570:
10568:
10565:
10563:
10560:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10550:
10548:
10545:
10543:
10542:False balance
10540:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10530:
10528:
10525:
10523:
10520:
10519:
10517:
10513:
10509:
10502:
10497:
10495:
10490:
10488:
10483:
10482:
10479:
10465:
10462:
10461:
10460:
10457:
10455:
10454:United States
10452:
10446:
10443:
10442:
10441:
10438:
10437:
10436:
10433:
10431:
10428:
10426:
10423:
10419:
10416:
10415:
10414:
10411:
10407:
10404:
10403:
10402:
10399:
10397:
10394:
10390:
10387:
10386:
10385:
10382:
10380:
10377:
10376:
10374:
10370:
10362:
10359:
10358:
10357:
10354:
10350:
10347:
10346:
10345:
10342:
10338:
10335:
10334:
10333:
10330:
10328:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10318:
10315:
10313:
10310:
10308:
10305:
10303:
10300:
10298:
10295:
10294:
10292:
10290:Censorship by
10288:
10280:
10277:
10276:
10275:
10272:
10268:
10265:
10263:
10260:
10258:
10255:
10253:
10250:
10249:
10248:
10245:
10241:
10238:
10236:
10233:
10232:
10231:
10228:
10224:
10221:
10220:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10211:
10209:
10206:
10204:
10201:
10199:
10196:
10194:
10191:
10189:
10186:
10185:
10183:
10181:Censorship of
10179:
10175:
10168:
10163:
10161:
10156:
10154:
10149:
10148:
10145:
10133:
10130:
10128:
10125:
10123:
10120:
10118:
10115:
10114:
10112:
10108:
10102:
10099:
10097:
10094:
10092:
10089:
10087:
10084:
10082:
10079:
10077:
10074:
10072:
10069:
10067:
10064:
10062:
10059:
10057:
10054:
10052:
10049:
10047:
10044:
10042:
10039:
10037:
10034:
10032:
10029:
10027:
10024:
10022:
10019:
10017:
10014:
10012:
10009:
10007:
10004:
10002:
9999:
9997:
9994:
9992:
9989:
9987:
9984:
9982:
9979:
9977:
9974:
9971:
9967:
9964:
9962:
9959:
9957:
9954:
9952:
9949:
9947:
9944:
9942:
9939:
9937:
9934:
9932:
9929:
9927:
9924:
9922:
9919:
9917:
9914:
9912:
9909:
9907:
9904:
9902:
9899:
9897:
9894:
9892:
9889:
9888:
9886:
9882:
9876:
9873:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9846:
9843:
9841:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9771:
9768:
9766:
9763:
9761:
9758:
9756:
9753:
9751:
9748:
9746:
9743:
9741:
9738:
9736:
9733:
9731:
9728:
9726:
9723:
9721:
9718:
9716:
9713:
9711:
9708:
9706:
9703:
9701:
9698:
9696:
9693:
9691:
9688:
9686:
9683:
9681:
9678:
9677:
9675:
9671:
9665:
9662:
9660:
9657:
9653:
9650:
9649:
9648:
9647:United States
9645:
9643:
9640:
9638:
9635:
9633:
9630:
9628:
9625:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9600:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9590:
9588:
9585:
9583:
9580:
9578:
9575:
9573:
9570:
9568:
9565:
9563:
9560:
9558:
9555:
9553:
9550:
9548:
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9540:
9538:
9535:
9533:
9530:
9528:
9525:
9523:
9520:
9518:
9515:
9513:
9510:
9509:
9507:
9503:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9487:
9484:
9482:
9479:
9477:
9474:
9472:
9469:
9467:
9464:
9462:
9459:
9457:
9454:
9452:
9449:
9447:
9444:
9442:
9439:
9437:
9434:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9424:
9422:
9419:
9415:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9385:
9382:
9380:
9377:
9375:
9372:
9370:
9367:
9365:
9364:Guinea-Bissau
9362:
9360:
9357:
9355:
9352:
9350:
9347:
9345:
9342:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9307:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9290:
9287:
9285:
9282:
9281:
9279:
9275:
9271:
9264:
9259:
9257:
9252:
9250:
9245:
9244:
9241:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9212:
9209:
9208:
9207:
9204:
9203:
9201:
9197:
9191:
9190:Systemic bias
9188:
9186:
9183:
9181:
9178:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9148:
9146:
9143:
9139:
9136:
9135:
9134:
9131:
9127:
9124:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9113:
9112:
9109:
9107:
9104:
9103:
9101:
9097:
9091:
9088:
9086:
9083:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9071:
9070:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9034:
9031:
9029:
9026:
9024:
9021:
9019:
9016:
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9011:
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9001:
8999:
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8991:
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8979:
8976:
8972:
8969:
8968:
8967:
8964:
8962:
8959:
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8954:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8924:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8914:
8913:
8911:
8907:
8899:
8896:
8895:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8882:
8879:
8878:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8871:Student media
8869:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8857:
8854:
8852:
8849:
8847:
8844:
8840:
8839:circumvention
8837:
8836:
8835:
8832:
8828:
8825:
8824:
8823:
8820:
8816:
8813:
8812:
8811:
8808:
8807:
8805:
8801:
8797:
8790:
8785:
8783:
8778:
8776:
8771:
8770:
8767:
8760:
8756:
8752:
8748:
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8743:
8740:
8736:
8733:
8730:
8726:
8723:
8720:
8716:
8712:
8709:
8706:
8703:, website of
8702:
8699:
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8692:
8691:
8689:
8684:
8671:
8667:
8666:
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8656:
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8621:
8617:
8613:
8607:
8598:
8593:
8589:
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8554:
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8541:
8537:
8534:
8529:
8522:
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8499:
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8477:
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8413:
8409:
8406:
8401:
8393:
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8316:
8312:
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8292:
8273:
8269:
8262:
8255:
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8233:
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8220:
8213:
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8177:
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8130:
8123:
8122:
8114:
8112:
8110:
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8071:
8066:
8059:
8055:
8052:
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8033:
8029:
8025:
8020:
8013:
8009:
8005:
8000:
7993:
7989:
7985:
7980:
7961:
7957:
7956:Freedom House
7950:
7944:
7942:
7922:
7918:
7917:Freedom House
7911:
7905:
7903:
7883:
7879:
7878:Freedom House
7872:
7866:
7864:
7844:
7840:
7839:Freedom House
7833:
7827:
7825:
7823:
7815:
7811:
7808:
7807:
7801:
7799:
7791:
7787:
7784:
7783:
7777:
7775:
7767:
7763:
7760:
7759:
7753:
7751:
7743:
7739:
7736:
7735:
7729:
7727:
7707:
7703:
7702:Freedom House
7696:
7690:
7688:
7686:
7678:
7674:
7668:
7661:
7656:
7640:
7636:
7632:
7625:
7609:
7605:
7601:
7595:
7579:
7575:
7571:
7564:
7562:
7545:
7541:
7537:
7531:
7515:
7511:
7505:
7489:
7485:
7481:
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7450:
7444:
7428:
7424:
7418:
7416:
7399:
7395:
7389:
7373:
7369:
7363:
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7343:
7337:
7321:
7317:
7313:
7307:
7291:
7287:
7283:
7276:
7260:
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7231:
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7223:
7217:
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7197:
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7186:
7184:
7167:
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7123:
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7077:
7073:
7069:
7065:
7058:
7042:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7026:
7022:
7018:
7015:(6199): 891.
7014:
7010:
7006:
6999:
6983:
6979:
6978:
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6950:
6946:
6940:
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6875:
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6853:
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6806:
6802:
6796:
6780:
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6754:
6750:
6744:
6728:
6724:
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6714:
6698:
6694:
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6667:
6663:
6656:
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6626:
6619:
6615:
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6607:
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6596:
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6447:
6442:
6426:
6422:
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6412:
6405:
6401:
6398:
6393:
6377:
6373:
6367:
6351:
6347:
6346:
6345:Time Magazine
6340:
6333:
6331:
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6325:
6323:
6321:
6319:
6317:
6315:
6298:
6294:
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6264:
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6242:
6238:
6231:
6215:
6211:
6207:
6201:
6182:
6178:
6171:
6164:
6148:
6144:
6140:
6133:
6117:
6113:
6109:
6102:
6086:
6082:
6081:Quartz Africa
6078:
6071:
6064:
6060:
6056:
6053:
6048:
6041:
6037:
6033:
6030:
6025:
6015:
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5996:
5988:
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5947:
5943:
5936:
5929:
5925:
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5917:
5910:
5906:
5903:
5898:
5891:
5887:
5884:
5879:
5872:
5868:
5865:
5860:
5853:
5849:
5846:
5841:
5825:
5821:
5817:
5810:
5802:
5798:
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5758:
5751:
5744:
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5732:
5723:
5721:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5702:
5697:
5690:
5686:
5682:
5678:
5677:Cisco Systems
5674:
5670:
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5662:
5646:
5642:
5638:
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5620:
5613:
5606:
5602:
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5557:
5553:
5546:
5530:
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5489:
5472:
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5371:
5367:
5364:
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4799:
4791:
4775:
4771:
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4761:
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4734:Web filtering
4732:
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4707:
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4330:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4318:
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4313:Freedom House
4311:
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4299:
4296:
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4280:
4277:
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4260:
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3847:
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3829:, and 10% in
3828:
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3817:, 11% in the
3816:
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3808:
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3261:United States
3251:
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3097:
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3083:
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2640:
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2630:
2629:Freedom House
2627:reports from
2626:
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2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
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2569:United States
2566:
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2546:
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2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2514:
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2505:Freedom House
2502:
2498:
2477: Blocked
2472:
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2329:
2327:
2323:
2320:in 2019, and
2319:
2315:
2311:
2310:Myanmar/Burma
2307:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2266:For example,
2264:
2255:
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2237:
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2220:
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2181:United States
2177:
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2154:
2150:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2113:La Vanguardia
2110:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2074:
2070:
2066:
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2058:
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2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2022:Microblogging
2020:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1964:Network tools
1959:
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1645:50 Cent Party
1643:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1620:Tibetan exile
1617:
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1608:
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1489:Circumvention
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1461:
1457:
1456:administrator
1452:
1448:
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1427:Google Search
1425:
1424:
1422:
1418:
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1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
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1349:
1344:
1340:
1339:Deplatforming
1335:
1334:Deplatforming
1316:
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1301:
1298:
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1291:
1288:
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1234:
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1204:
1198:
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1191:Golden Shield
1188:
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1183:Cisco Systems
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1150:
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1133:Canadian-made
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884:DNS hijacking
881:
877:
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867:
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859:
855:
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766:
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726:DNS poisoning
722:
720:
716:
712:
702:
689:
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674:
672:
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663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
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638:
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619:
616:published by
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583:Time Magazine
579:
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489:
488:Knowledge.org
485:
481:
477:
473:
470:is the legal
469:
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451:
446:
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439:
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436:
435:
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382:
381:Protocol Wars
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336:Voice over IP
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306:File transfer
304:
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74:Data activism
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43:routing paths
40:
34:
30:
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12014:
11999:
11989:
11980:
11970:Great Cannon
11817:
11789:
11741:
11734:
11617:proxy server
11536:
11524:technologies
11465:Media ethics
11385:Door-to-door
11380:Cold calling
11357:Weasel words
11264:Fifth column
11158:Push polling
11108:Astroturfing
11070:Pseudo-event
11050:Infotainment
11025:Broadcasting
10944:Urban legend
10867:April Fools'
10828:
10740:Testimonials
10710:Infomercials
10537:Dumbing down
10440:Web blocking
10267:in Venezuela
10208:iTunes Store
9855:Turkmenistan
9815:Saudi Arabia
9461:South Africa
9451:Sierra Leone
9299:Burkina Faso
9085:Whitewashing
9068:Surveillance
9048:Sanitization
9023:Pixelization
8921:Book burning
8833:
8827:banned films
8815:books banned
8754:
8750:
8745:
8680:
8648:
8624:. Retrieved
8615:
8606:
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8573:
8561:. Retrieved
8547:
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8438:
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8162:
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8120:
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8065:
8049:
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7979:
7967:. Retrieved
7960:the original
7955:
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7916:
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7877:
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7838:
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7733:
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7706:the original
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7259:the original
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7084:
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7045:. Retrieved
7012:
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6976:
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6957:. Retrieved
6948:
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6923:
6907:
6891:
6883:14 September
6881:. Retrieved
6874:the original
6861:
6842:
6838:
6813:. Retrieved
6804:
6795:
6783:. Retrieved
6779:the original
6769:
6757:. Retrieved
6743:
6731:. Retrieved
6722:
6713:
6701:. Retrieved
6697:the original
6692:
6682:
6670:. Retrieved
6666:the original
6655:
6643:. Retrieved
6634:
6625:
6606:
6587:
6568:
6560:
6545:
6533:. Retrieved
6524:
6515:
6503:. Retrieved
6494:TorrentFreak
6492:
6479:
6460:
6441:
6429:. Retrieved
6425:the original
6411:
6392:
6380:. Retrieved
6376:the original
6366:
6354:. Retrieved
6343:
6301:. Retrieved
6297:the original
6287:
6275:. Retrieved
6271:the original
6266:
6257:
6245:. Retrieved
6230:
6218:. Retrieved
6209:
6200:
6188:. Retrieved
6176:
6163:
6151:. Retrieved
6143:The Next Web
6142:
6132:
6120:. Retrieved
6111:
6101:
6089:. Retrieved
6080:
6070:
6062:
6047:
6039:
6024:
6014:
5995:
5986:
5980:
5945:
5935:
5916:
5897:
5878:
5859:
5840:
5828:. Retrieved
5819:
5809:
5796:
5769:. Retrieved
5760:
5750:
5731:
5711:
5696:
5661:
5649:. Retrieved
5630:
5619:the original
5605:the original
5595:
5575:
5568:
5560:the original
5555:
5545:
5533:. Retrieved
5524:
5515:
5499:
5475:. Retrieved
5466:
5457:
5412:
5400:. Retrieved
5392:The Guardian
5391:
5381:
5373:
5358:
5338:
5309:
5290:
5271:
5259:. Retrieved
5250:
5240:
5228:. Retrieved
5224:the original
5219:
5209:
5197:
5185:. Retrieved
5176:
5166:
5156:30 September
5154:. Retrieved
5124:. Retrieved
5115:
5105:
5089:
5036:
5010:
5005:
4986:
4978:
4970:
4954:
4922:The Guardian
4920:
4884:
4880:
4874:
4862:. Retrieved
4851:
4844:Cohen, Jared
4813:. Retrieved
4802:
4790:
4778:. Retrieved
4769:
4760:
4743:
4635:Paragraph 29
4464:
4463:
4419:
4316:
4272:
4271:
4254:
4235:
4205:
4181:
4170:
4127:router level
4112:pornographic
4104:Saudi Arabia
4097:
3841:
3767:
3750:
3737:
3728:
3719:Hacking Team
3704:
3681:
3667:
3666:published a
3661:
3656:
3649:
3645:surveillance
3641:
3633:
3487:
3486:
3299:
3294:
3219:Turkmenistan
3163:Saudi Arabia
2967:
2949:
2947:
2910:
2645:
2638:
2624:
2622:
2541:
2523:
2494:
2446:
2404:
2381:
2330:
2295:
2292:
2265:
2261:
2252:
2221:
2185:K-12 schools
2178:
2170:
2151:
2147:
2134:
2129:
2125:data privacy
2120:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2090:
2088:
2009:Blog hosting
1970:
1967:
1943:peer-to-peer
1939:File sharing
1933:
1928:Oscar Swartz
1914:
1907:
1869:
1854:
1843:
1787:pornographic
1743:
1732:
1729:Social norms
1602:Lèse-majesté
1600:
1592:
1588:
1579:
1559:
1547:
1538:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1502:
1498:
1406:agreements.
1400:
1358:
1352:
1343:social media
1337:
1254:
1211:
1199:
1180:
1176:Hacking Team
1159:
1157:
1115:, Iran, and
1086:
1074:
1056:
1029:
999:
985:
981:
975:
960:
931:: Terminate
928:
902:
888:DNS resolver
880:domain names
875:
870:geo-blocking
833:
828:
751:, including
743:
723:
715:IP addresses
711:domain names
708:
700:
684:. The verb "
675:
654:Pseudonymity
639:
623:
588:John Gilmore
581:
575:
566:
529:
509:
492:jurisdiction
487:
467:
466:
410:
398:
301:File sharing
68:
39:Opte Project
18:
11857:Flash proxy
11730:Outline VPN
11720:Shadowsocks
11630:Web proxies
11337:Sound bites
11317:Doublespeak
11168:Wedge issue
11128:Dog whistle
11103:Advertising
10929:Lying press
10914:Gaslighting
10692:Advertising
10667:Occupations
10557:Obfuscation
10547:Half-truths
10413:South Korea
10322:Twitter (X)
10230:Twitter (X)
10127:New Zealand
10086:Switzerland
10031:Netherlands
9825:South Korea
9805:Philippines
9785:North Korea
9680:Afghanistan
9652:Puerto Rico
9577:El Salvador
9369:Ivory Coast
9150:LGBT issues
9145:Ideological
9133:Hate speech
9058:Speech code
9043:Revisionism
9008:Memory hole
8978:Expurgation
8971:Minced oath
8931:Censor bars
8893:Video games
8876:Televisions
8626:26 February
8590:(11): 358.
7891:27 December
7852:14 December
7550:10 December
7226:opennet.net
7194:. IDG News/
7164:. Renesys.
6845:: 401–419.
6693:Wired.co.uk
6019:University.
5830:2 September
5771:15 November
5402:11 December
4724:Splinternet
4516:John Walker
4236:During the
4226:Dailymotion
4173:Arab Spring
4171:During the
4153:Arab Spring
4139:SmartFilter
3630:: 2008–2009
3602:: 2008–2013
3574:: 2010–2013
3518:: 2009–2011
3411:South Korea
3291:: 2006–2014
3277:: 2006–2014
3221:: 2006–2014
3207:: 2006–2010
3193:: 2006–2014
3165:: 2006–2014
3123:: 2006–2014
3121:North Korea
3109:: 2006–2013
3095:: 2006–2014
3053:: 2006–2010
3039:: 2006–2014
3025:: 2008–2014
3011:: 2009-2014
2983:: 2012–2014
2748:Partly free
2593:South Korea
2515:and in the
2415:Doug Madory
2359:during the
2324:during the
2306:fibre-optic
2209:hate speech
2045:Anonymizers
2003:Web hosting
1817:blasphemous
1750:hate speech
1636:hill tribes
1560:The use of
1548:The use of
1513:sneakernets
1381:hate speech
1284:confiscated
1203:Dailymotion
1089:SmartFilter
897:Web browser
866:geolocation
789:government.
678:splinternet
666:free speech
658:data havens
642:North Korea
635:"Not Found"
513:Arab Spring
495:offensive,
139:Vigilantism
124:Slacktivism
12046:Categories
11921:Sneakernet
11891:StealthNet
11725:OnionShare
11608:Principles
11567:Wordfilter
11530:Background
11438:Media bias
11294:Subversion
11259:False flag
11236:Techniques
11178:Propaganda
11138:Lawn signs
11118:Canvassing
11012:News media
10768:Censorship
10700:Billboards
10652:Hacktivism
10642:Grassroots
10567:Persuasion
10279:in Germany
10240:in Nigeria
10026:Montenegro
10006:Kazakhstan
9906:Azerbaijan
9865:Uzbekistan
9845:Tajikistan
9760:Kyrgyzstan
9710:East Timor
9690:Bangladesh
9557:Costa Rica
9421:Mozambique
9404:Mauritania
9394:Madagascar
9206:Censorship
9199:By country
9155:Media bias
9033:Propaganda
8796:Censorship
8268:Access Now
8227:Access Now
7715:1 November
7645:9 November
7614:9 November
7604:TechCrunch
7584:9 November
7494:30 January
7296:9 November
7206:28 January
7172:28 January
6382:8 December
6122:30 January
6112:Al Jazeera
6091:30 January
5394:. London.
5261:25 January
4815:16 October
4753:References
4629:HADOPI law
4582:by country
4201:Al Arabiya
4189:Al Jazeera
4157:See also:
4146:Uzbekistan
4131:IP address
3965:12% never
3858:Responses
3709:(France),
3586:Tajikistan
3383:Kazakhstan
3327:Bangladesh
3275:Uzbekistan
3009:Bangladesh
2613:Tajikistan
2597:Uzbekistan
2589:Kazakhstan
2581:Azerbaijan
2534:articles.
2513:Access Now
2400:Uzbekistan
2377:Kazakhstan
2345:Mauritania
2287:See also:
2236:Falun Gong
2228:Dalai Lama
2144:Resilience
1918:activists
1865:extremists
1861:insurgents
1762:homophobia
1616:Falun Gong
1391:See also:
1379:, citing "
1373:Alex Jones
1243:Censorship
1224:, and the
1195:Falun Gong
1166:(France),
1111:, Kuwait,
1010:See also:
893:Hosts file
838:IP address
825:Approaches
676:The term "
664:) protect
626:blacklists
525:harassment
521:defamation
480:Censorship
331:Television
251:IP address
162:Governance
69:Censorship
11963:Reference
11947:FreeWeibo
11942:GreatFire
11862:Mixmaster
11833:Anonymity
11813:Snowflake
11780:Ultrasurf
11754:WireGuard
11743:PirateBox
11597:Knowledge
11400:Promotion
11279:Political
11186:Bandwagon
11113:Attack ad
10992:Publicity
10964:Marketing
10877:Fake news
10839:Religious
10834:Political
10814:Euphemism
10809:Cover-ups
10804:Corporate
10672:Petitions
10562:Orwellian
10532:Deception
10459:Singapore
10262:in Turkey
10257:in Russia
10247:Knowledge
10235:in Brazil
10117:Australia
10016:Lithuania
9830:Sri Lanka
9820:Singapore
9725:Indonesia
9715:Hong Kong
9664:Venezuela
9617:Nicaragua
9587:Guatemala
9582:Greenland
9512:Argentina
9471:Swaziland
9180:Religious
9111:Corporate
8988:Gag order
8966:Euphemism
8946:Concision
8657:web site.
8653:from the
8584:Religions
8563:10 August
8180:244992072
7540:NetBlocks
7138:3 October
7105:3 October
7076:217137198
6247:22 August
6220:22 August
5681:Microsoft
5187:15 August
4487:Cleanfeed
4407:copyright
4397:Peacefire
4370:NetBlocks
4279:Anonymous
4197:Orient TV
3852:Question
3825:, 11% in
3821:, 11% in
3757:GlobeScan
3614:Venezuela
3532:: 2008–13
3425:Sri Lanka
3313:Australia
2903:20 (31%)
2876:No change
2871:26 (40%)
2839:19 (29%)
2807:20 (31%)
2775:30 (46%)
2743:15 (23%)
2684:Countries
2316:in 2011,
2312:in 2007,
2035:Knowledge
1898:Anonymous
1797:pedophile
1783:fetishism
1771:(such as
1752:inciting
1710:Indonesia
1686:Lithuania
1678:Communist
1638:sites in
1607:sovereign
1447:Knowledge
705:Blacklist
686:rivercrab
682:firewalls
660:(such as
599:Vint Cerf
486:(such as
129:Sociology
79:Democracy
12031:Archived
11991:Category
11775:Freegate
11749:VPN Gate
11676:DNSCrypt
11582:Facebook
11347:Transfer
11289:Sedition
11153:Negative
11065:Newspeak
11055:Managing
10997:Research
10972:Branding
10924:Literary
10889:Fakelore
10882:websites
10872:Deepfake
10829:Internet
10720:Modeling
10677:Protests
10657:Internet
10590:Advocacy
10582:Activism
10361:in China
10312:Facebook
10252:in China
10193:Facebook
10071:Slovenia
10066:Slovakia
10046:Portugal
9926:Bulgaria
9850:Thailand
9795:Pakistan
9770:Mongolia
9765:Malaysia
9700:Cambodia
9637:Suriname
9627:Paraguay
9602:Honduras
9552:Colombia
9522:Barbados
9505:Americas
9496:Zimbabwe
9476:Tanzania
9344:Ethiopia
9329:Congo RO
9324:Congo DR
9309:Cameroon
9294:Botswana
9170:Politics
9121:Facebook
9106:Criminal
9099:Contexts
8993:Heckling
8916:Bleeping
8834:Internet
8715:Archived
8620:Archived
8616:BBC News
8557:Archived
8536:Archived
8517:Archived
8498:Archived
8479:Archived
8461:14 April
8452:Archived
8427:Archived
8408:Archived
8353:Archived
8338:BBC News
8330:Archived
8311:Archived
8272:Archived
8232:Archived
8184:Archived
8129:Archived
8098:Archived
8078:Archived
8054:Archived
8028:Archived
8008:Archived
7988:Archived
7969:25 March
7930:25 March
7921:Archived
7882:Archived
7843:Archived
7810:Archived
7786:Archived
7762:Archived
7738:Archived
7639:Archived
7608:Archived
7578:Archived
7544:Archived
7514:Archived
7488:Archived
7457:Archived
7427:Archived
7398:Archived
7372:Archived
7346:Archived
7320:Archived
7290:Archived
7286:euronews
7265:21 March
7230:Archived
7200:Archived
7196:PC World
7166:Archived
7132:Archived
7099:Archived
7072:ProQuest
7041:Archived
7029:25146296
6982:Archived
6953:Archived
6928:Archived
6915:Archived
6896:Archived
6809:Archived
6753:Archived
6727:Archived
6723:BBC News
6639:Archived
6635:BBC News
6614:Archived
6595:Archived
6576:Archived
6553:Archived
6529:Archived
6525:Mashable
6499:Archived
6468:Archived
6449:Archived
6431:14 April
6400:Archived
6356:5 August
6350:Archived
6303:25 April
6241:Archived
6239:. IETF.
6214:Archived
6190:25 April
6181:Archived
6153:26 April
6147:Archived
6116:Archived
6085:Archived
6055:Archived
6032:Archived
6003:Archived
5972:10396423
5924:Archived
5905:Archived
5886:Archived
5867:Archived
5848:Archived
5824:Archived
5801:Archived
5765:Archived
5739:Archived
5704:Archived
5669:Archived
5651:27 March
5645:Archived
5535:29 March
5529:Archived
5504:Archived
5471:Archived
5446:Archived
5420:Archived
5396:Archived
5366:Archived
5317:Archived
5298:Archived
5279:Archived
5255:Archived
5181:Archived
5150:Archived
5148:. IETF.
5120:Archived
5094:Archived
5081:Archived
5015:Archived
4994:Archived
4959:Archived
4913:Archived
4893:43783393
4864:11 March
4858:Archived
4809:Archived
4774:Archived
4561:of Iran
4524:Autodesk
4295:Clean IT
4263:See also
4246:Facebook
4193:BBC News
4106:and the
3993:16% yes,
3827:Pakistan
3713:(U.S.),
3439:Thailand
3397:Malaysia
3135:Pakistan
3065:Ethiopia
2900:20 (31%)
2897:17 (26%)
2894:18 (28%)
2891:17 (26%)
2868:13 (20%)
2865:14 (22%)
2862:32 (49%)
2859:36 (55%)
2856:28 (60%)
2853:17 (47%)
2844:Declined
2836:32 (49%)
2833:34 (52%)
2830:15 (23%)
2827:12 (18%)
2824:12 (26%)
2821:11 (31%)
2812:Improved
2804:21 (32%)
2801:20 (31%)
2798:19 (29%)
2795:15 (23%)
2792:14 (23%)
2789:13 (28%)
2786:11 (30%)
2780:Not free
2772:28 (43%)
2769:28 (43%)
2766:28 (43%)
2763:31 (48%)
2760:29 (48%)
2757:20 (43%)
2754:18 (49%)
2740:16 (25%)
2737:17 (26%)
2734:18 (28%)
2731:19 (29%)
2728:17 (29%)
2725:14 (30%)
2577:Pakistan
2530:and the
2431:internet
2388:Ethiopia
2353:Zimbabwe
2337:Ethiopia
2276:Facebook
2240:Facebook
2059:such as
2013:Blogspot
1991:Facebook
1958:allofmp3
1715:Neo-Nazi
1628:Buddhist
1609:or of a
1517:dark web
1472:reviewed
1411:Facebook
1377:InfoWars
1369:Facebook
1294:boycotts
1230:Websense
1170:(U.S.),
1149:Sandvine
1129:Websense
1045:Websense
994:Neo-Nazi
796:country.
646:intranet
563:Overview
476:Internet
376:Pioneers
326:Shopping
321:Podcasts
273:Services
64:Activism
25:Internet
12057:Privacy
12001:Commons
11981:Italics
11901:ZeroNet
11896:Tribler
11881:Freenet
11874:network
11797:Proxify
11770:Lantern
11736:GoAgent
11715:Psiphon
11615:With a
11592:Twitter
11426:Related
11405:Spaving
11390:Pricing
11332:Slogans
11274:Lawfare
11211:Framing
11191:Big lie
10982:Product
10977:Loyalty
10909:Forgery
10854:Hoaxing
10735:Slogans
10715:Mobiles
10607:Boycott
10515:Context
10379:Belgium
10356:Myspace
10337:YouTube
10274:YouTube
10110:Oceania
10096:Ukraine
10051:Romania
10021:Moldova
9996:Ireland
9991:Iceland
9986:Hungary
9976:Georgia
9966:Germany
9956:Finland
9951:Estonia
9946:Denmark
9931:Croatia
9916:Belgium
9911:Belarus
9901:Austria
9896:Armenia
9891:Albania
9870:Vietnam
9775:Myanmar
9685:Bahrain
9659:Uruguay
9607:Jamaica
9572:Ecuador
9532:Bolivia
9517:Bahamas
9486:Tunisia
9456:Somalia
9446:Senegal
9436:Nigeria
9426:Namibia
9409:Morocco
9384:Liberia
9379:Lesotho
9339:Eritrea
9304:Burundi
9284:Algeria
8983:Fogging
8909:Methods
8888:Thought
8737:by the
8638:Sources
8450:. ACM.
7520:30 July
7463:30 July
7433:30 July
7404:30 July
7378:30 July
7352:30 July
7326:30 July
7316:NPR.org
7236:5 April
7047:11 July
7037:5398090
7009:Science
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6959:9 March
6815:5 April
6535:5 April
6505:26 July
6421:Gartner
6277:5 April
6029:"Risks"
5230:5 April
4285:CIRCAMP
4242:Twitter
4209:Tunisia
4123:Tunisia
4082:10,789
3995:38% no,
3990:10,789
3973:10,789
3956:10,789
3941:10,789
3926:10,789
3911:10,789
3896:10,789
3881:10,789
3866:10,789
3807:privacy
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3700:Vietnam
3684:Bahrain
3516:Belarus
3502:Bahrain
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3355:Eritrea
3289:Vietnam
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3107:Myanmar
2995:Belarus
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1981:YouTube
1850:malware
1826:content
1801:CIRCAMP
1723:Germany
1706:Hungary
1702:Moldova
1694:Georgia
1690:Ukraine
1640:Vietnam
1632:Cao Dai
1451:deleted
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1197:group.
1153:Procera
1121:Myanmar
1113:Bahrain
1101:Tunisia
923:TLS/SSL
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11587:GitHub
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10939:Racial
10430:Turkey
10401:Russia
10332:Google
10317:TikTok
10218:TikTok
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10061:Serbia
10056:Russia
10041:Poland
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9884:Europe
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9755:Kuwait
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9622:Panama
9612:Mexico
9592:Guyana
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9537:Brazil
9527:Belize
9491:Zambia
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9399:Malawi
9359:Guinea
9349:Gambia
9289:Angola
9277:Africa
9138:Online
9126:Google
8851:Postal
8388:
8281:27 May
8241:27 May
8190:27 May
8178:
8138:27 May
7074:
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7027:
6785:2 June
6759:13 May
6733:13 May
6703:13 May
6672:16 May
5970:
5960:
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5477:10 May
5346:
5126:28 May
5044:
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4744:
4465:Topics
4165:, and
4067:9,717
4052:9,717
4037:9,717
4022:9,717
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3707:Amesys
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2373:Malawi
2268:Google
2246:, and
2197:France
2189:Nazism
2103:Google
2065:Google
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1989:(e.g.
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1719:France
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1674:issues
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1482:Yahoo!
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970:routed
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862:Google
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11075:Scrum
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10595:group
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10396:India
10327:Yahoo
10302:Apple
10076:Spain
10001:Italy
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9835:Syria
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9745:Japan
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9597:Haiti
9547:Chile
9466:Sudan
9431:Niger
9389:Libya
9374:Kenya
9354:Ghana
9334:Egypt
9116:Apple
9038:Purge
8861:Radio
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8846:Music
8822:Films
8810:Books
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8264:(PDF)
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6184:(PDF)
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5968:S2CID
5622:(PDF)
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5251:WIRED
5220:ZDNet
4889:JSTOR
4780:1 May
4364:Lumen
4217:Libya
4213:Egypt
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4119:China
3823:Kenya
3815:Japan
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3796:India
3792:Egypt
3788:China
3696:Syria
3688:China
3628:Yemen
3558:Libya
3530:India
3341:Egypt
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3079:India
3051:Egypt
3023:China
2925:India
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2601:China
2573:China
2557:India
2545:Egypt
2392:India
2369:Benin
2357:Gabon
2333:Sudan
2322:Syria
2314:Libya
2224:China
2030:Weibo
2005:sites
1952:Skype
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1881:India
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1624:China
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1562:HTTPS
1550:HTTPS
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1137:Qatar
1125:Yemen
1105:Sudan
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671:China
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311:Games
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184:ICANN
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10844:Self
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10464:List
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10389:list
10122:Fiji
9790:Oman
9735:Iraq
9730:Iran
9673:Asia
9632:Peru
9562:Cuba
9481:Togo
9319:Chad
9078:mass
8757:, a
8628:2022
8565:2017
8463:2012
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8192:2021
8140:2021
7971:2018
7932:2018
7893:2015
7854:2014
7717:2018
7647:2020
7635:CNET
7616:2020
7586:2020
7552:2019
7522:2019
7496:2021
7465:2019
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7238:2015
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7174:2011
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7107:2019
7049:2019
7025:PMID
6990:2013
6961:2013
6885:2011
6817:2015
6787:2014
6761:2014
6735:2014
6705:2014
6674:2014
6647:2010
6537:2015
6507:2012
6433:2012
6384:2007
6358:2023
6305:2020
6279:2015
6267:CNET
6249:2020
6222:2020
6192:2020
6155:2020
6124:2020
6093:2020
5958:ISBN
5832:2018
5773:2018
5653:2012
5581:ISBN
5537:2020
5479:2018
5404:2016
5344:ISBN
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5232:2015
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5158:2019
5128:2011
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4866:2014
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2676:2017
2673:2016
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2664:2013
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2658:2011
2655:2009
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2427:Iran
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10297:AOL
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