209:
170:
22:
154:, with Mayous again acting as teacher, while LeJeune prepared lesson books, the locals being so eager to learn the shorthand that they sharpened his pencils so he would not have to stop writing. After Christmas, the natives of Douglas Lake wanted to keep Mayous, so as to continue their instruction, but the natives of Coldwater would not allow him to remain behind. LeJeune returned to Coldwater around Easter to find that Mayous had taught everyone the shorthand, and that everyone could their prayers in the
147:), where a lame native, Charlie Alexis Mayous, began studying in earnest. Father LeJuene left Mayous shortly thereafter with a notebook of lessons on the alphabet and common prayers. Upon returning in December, LeJuene found that Mayous had completely learned the shorthand, and deciphered and memorized all of the prayers, and could read French and English with equal proficiency to his native tongue, and began to instruct other natives in the Chinook writing.
30:
189:, but only printed a few issues of the paper before shutting it down due to a lack of subscriptions. In July 1891, a large gathering of the first nations by Bishop Durieu in Kamloops brought attention to the fact that the natives of Coldwater and Douglas Lake were able to write down songs that they did not know. After the Kamloops gathering, Father LeJeune was assigned to the
208:
205:. That fall, LeJeune continued to teach the shorthand at every village he stopped in, dispensing with practice lessons in favor of actual Chinook texts, consisting mostly of biblical verses and hymns.
177:
Father LeJeune's success at teaching the shorthand was limited by his ability to write instructional materials in addition to his clerical duties. In
February 1891, he attempted to use a
212:
Father Le Jeune at North Bend, BC with Bishop Durieu and the local
Indigenous community c. 1890. Villages like North Bend feature prominently in the local news section.
139:
had traveled back to the
Kamloops area, and began his first attempt at teaching writing to the native peoples. His efforts remained unsuccessful until a visit to
86:
220:
on
February 2, 1892, with an initial run of 25, then 100, then 150, 200, and 250 copies. By the end of the year, as many as 300 copies of each edition of the
105:
and other traditional languages. Some series of articles, however, included translations into
Chinook Jargon of classical texts from Latin, such as the
432:
193:, who having been impressed by the literacy of the Thompson people at Kamloops, endeavored to learn the shorthand later that month at their meeting at
151:
447:
462:
135:
people, which would have the advantage of being suitable for
European, as well as the native languages of British Columbia. In August,
169:
467:
131:
to writing the native languages in
British Columbia. Father J. D. Chiappini suggested the use of shorthand to teach literacy to
120:
457:
437:
21:
427:
290:
452:
407:
136:
58:
264:
111:, though most content was either community news or translations of the mass or other liturgical materials.
228:
into
Chinook Jargon, and copies of the Durieu text were included as a 16-page per month supplement to the
442:
295:
181:
to create materials, which worked reasonably well, but in March, he read an advertisement for an Edison
285:
254:
250:
326:
472:
132:
216:
With many natives now eagerly pursuing the learning of shorthand, LeJeune resumed printing the
8:
194:
124:
107:
81:
writing system, called "chinuk pipa" in
Chinook Jargon itself. Most of the texts of the
62:
245:
102:
94:
78:
370:
233:
155:
128:
185:, which he immediately ordered. On May 25, LeJeune published the first issue of the
202:
66:
352:
197:. Within two months, most of these natives could read nearly anything written in
259:
198:
190:
90:
50:
399:
421:
411:
225:
98:
73:, beginning May 25, 1891, and continuing into the 1900s. The contents of the
144:
140:
127:, the missionaries discussed the unsuitability of the highly successful
182:
178:
77:
were near-entirely written using Le Jeune's adaptation of the French
57:, "Talk of Kamloops") was a newspaper published by Father
371:"Kamloops Chinuk Wawa, Chinuk pipa, and the vitality of pidgins"
70:
224:
were being printed. In 1893, Monsignor Durieu translated the
29:
236:, and a copy of Our Lady of Lourdes were likewise printed.
232:
in 1893. Also, prayers in Latin, Chinook, Thompson, and
25:
Imprint of the
Kamloops Wawa newspaper, November 1896
327:"How the Shorthand was Introduced among the Indians"
161:
320:
318:
316:
314:
312:
16:Missionary newspaper from British Columbia, Canada
150:Before Christmas, LeJeune and Mayous traveled to
419:
309:
173:Kamloops Wawa – front cover, issue 2, June 1891
294:. Vol. XV (1921–1930) (online ed.).
114:
288:. In Cook, Ramsay; Bélanger, Réal (eds.).
433:First Nations history in British Columbia
368:
255:Shorthand Format Controls (Unicode block)
448:Newspapers published in British Columbia
324:
207:
168:
28:
20:
463:1891 establishments in British Columbia
420:
283:
345:
93:with some passages and articles in
13:
277:
14:
484:
392:
61:, superior of the Roman Catholic
55:𛰅𛱁𛰙𛰆𛱛𛰂𛰜 𛱜𛱜
331:Northwest Journal of Linguistics
325:LeJeune, JMR; Poser, William J.
291:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
412:Chinook and shorthand rudiments
468:Newspapers established in 1891
362:
286:"Le Jeune, Jean-Marie-Raphaël"
1:
270:
265:Canadian Aboriginal syllabics
123:missionaries in June 1890 at
7:
458:Defunct Catholic newspapers
438:Culture of British Columbia
353:"Duployan Unicode proposal"
296:University of Toronto Press
239:
59:Jean-Marie-Raphaël Le Jeune
10:
489:
369:Robertson, David (2012).
333:. Simon Fraser University
115:Origin of Chinook writing
428:First Nations newspapers
398:Early Canadiana online:
251:Duployan (Unicode block)
119:During a meeting of the
453:Mass media in Kamloops
213:
174:
40:
26:
211:
172:
85:were composed in the
32:
24:
284:Blake, Lynn (2005).
162:Early issues of the
195:Little Shuswap Lake
108:Seven Kings of Rome
63:Diocese of Kamloops
39:found in each issue
443:Duployan shorthand
246:Duployan shorthand
214:
175:
79:Duployan shorthand
41:
27:
156:Thompson language
129:Carrier syllabics
480:
414:. Kamloops, 1898
386:
385:
383:
381:
366:
360:
359:
357:
349:
343:
342:
340:
338:
322:
307:
306:
304:
302:
281:
67:British Columbia
56:
33:Introduction to
488:
487:
483:
482:
481:
479:
478:
477:
418:
417:
408:J.M.R. Le Jeune
395:
390:
389:
379:
377:
367:
363:
355:
351:
350:
346:
336:
334:
323:
310:
300:
298:
282:
278:
273:
242:
167:
125:New Westminster
117:
95:Nlaka'pamuxtsin
54:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
486:
476:
475:
473:Chinook Jargon
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
416:
415:
405:
394:
393:External links
391:
388:
387:
361:
344:
308:
275:
274:
272:
269:
268:
267:
262:
260:Chinook Jargon
257:
248:
241:
238:
199:Chinook Jargon
166:
160:
137:Father LeJeune
116:
113:
91:Chinook Jargon
51:Chinook Jargon
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
485:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
425:
423:
413:
409:
406:
403:
402:
401:Kamloops Wawa
397:
396:
376:
372:
365:
354:
348:
332:
328:
321:
319:
317:
315:
313:
297:
293:
292:
287:
280:
276:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
252:
249:
247:
244:
243:
237:
235:
231:
230:Kamloops Wawa
227:
226:Old Testament
223:
222:Kamloops Wawa
219:
218:Kamloops Wawa
210:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
187:Kamloops Wawa
184:
180:
171:
165:
164:Kamloops Wawa
159:
157:
153:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
133:First Nations
130:
126:
122:
112:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:Secwepmectsin
96:
92:
88:
87:local variant
84:
83:Kamloops Wawa
80:
76:
75:Kamloops Wawa
72:
68:
64:
60:
52:
48:
47:
46:Kamloops Wawa
36:
35:Kamloops Wawa
31:
23:
19:
400:
378:. Retrieved
374:
364:
347:
335:. Retrieved
330:
301:15 September
299:. Retrieved
289:
279:
229:
221:
217:
215:
186:
176:
163:
152:Douglas Lake
149:
118:
106:
103:St'at'imcets
82:
74:
45:
44:
42:
34:
18:
404:(1891–1900)
380:14 November
422:Categories
337:2 February
271:References
183:mimeograph
179:hectograph
375:UVicSpace
234:Okanangan
141:Coldwater
37:shorthand
240:See also
203:Shuswap
191:Shuswap
145:Merritt
143:(near
121:Oblate
71:Canada
356:(PDF)
382:2022
339:2013
303:2012
253:and
43:The
201:or
89:of
65:in
424::
410::
373:.
329:.
311:^
158:.
101:,
97:,
69:,
53::
384:.
358:.
341:.
305:.
49:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
