309:, the elements in the classification suggested, as one can see in the diagram combinations of three oppositions – active/passive, warm-blooded/cold-blooded, and concrete/abstract – that each section embodied one of each of this binary elements in the code. It would follow that a sophisticated metaphysics was inscribed within the social order itself. The broader implication was that the attempt to isolate a theory of kinship itself, in terms of descent and marriage alone, were flawed, since many other distinct criteria, such as locality and totem, were also embedded in one's institutional identity.
170:(1912); it provided a sophisticated model of "interlocking complex of beautiful and symmetrical kinship systems", though it was pieced together from stray informants from the broken Kariera tribal world. Ironically, it has been observed, as the tribe disappeared, what remnants of their lore survived to be recorded began to make an important impact on
89:
With the arrival of white settlers, disease decimated most of the
Kariera. By the late first decade of the 1900s, the Kariera tribal system had almost disintegrated, the oldest informant in one case being the last member of his clan. A hundred at that time lived on and around the
264:
A Banaka male marries a Burung female: their offspring are classified as
Palyeri. Palyeri men marry Karimera women, and their children become Banaka. The children of a Karimera man married to a Palyeri woman become Burung. Thus two
280:
Radcliffe-Brown found no explanation for these section names, and thought them meaningless. Decades of intensive analysis failed to come up with an explanation of this four-section social system. In 1970 however the linguist
317:
Apart from the germinal influence of
Radcliffe-Brown's study of Kariera kinship for anthropological theory, his classification of their territorial divisions, it is argued, laid the groundwork for later Aboriginal claims to
205:
The
Kariera consisted of at least 19 residence-based groups, each with its own defined territory. Their kinship structure consisted of a four-class system, which can be represented as follows:
718:
58:
Rivers, as far as Port
Hedland. Their western boundary ran to the scarp of the Hamersley tableland at the Yule River's headwaters. Their land took in the Mungaroon Range, the area north of
1214:
1935:
1207:
1150:
134:
dwelt respectively up to their southern and south-eastern frontiers, encompassing an area of around 3,400–4,000 square miles (8,800–10,400 km).
1982:
1960:
1200:
1955:
1930:
1043:
950:
830:
The
Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent
1162:
890:
The
Building of British Social Anthropology: W.H.R. Rivers and his Cambridge disciples in the development of kindship studies, 1898-1931
166:
1940:
1223:
1950:
1945:
1178:
1133:
1105:
1005:
923:
898:
877:
852:
813:
769:
744:
66:. Their eastern frontier ran along a line connecting McPhee Hill, Tabba Tabba Homestead, and the mouth of Petermarer Creek.
182:
described the
Kariera structure as one of five kinship types in north Western Australia, and a type also found among the
50:
the
Kariera held sway over some 4,500 square miles (12,000 km) of tribal land and were centred around the Peeawah,
1987:
1097:
828:
103:
156:
Radcliffe-Brown's analysis of their kinship structure was drawn, perhaps with the assistance of earlier notes made by
958:
1170:
1015:
Palmer, Kingsley (April 1977). "Myth, Ritual and Rock Art
Archaeology & Physical Anthropology in Oceania".
726:
1143:
1167:
Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
1115:
269:
714:
141:, of which several examples have been discovered from Port Hedland into the interior, was inscribed in the
761:
282:
869:
1451:
1125:
915:
736:
107:
824:
319:
1356:
175:
1551:
171:
157:
1908:
1184:
1056:
1038:
1017:
1091:
991:
933:
909:
888:
863:
755:
195:
1119:
842:
799:
787:
730:
27:
1903:
1541:
1476:
127:
63:
1192:
8:
1872:
795:
138:
74:
1636:
1481:
1078:
1074:
1026:
975:
1913:
1227:
1174:
1129:
1101:
1061:
1001:
979:
919:
894:
873:
848:
809:
765:
740:
306:
305:(palt'arri) were associated with the kangaroo. In addition, in a way reminiscent of
161:
1070:
971:
967:
17:
1697:
1651:
1646:
1496:
805:
595:
191:
187:
131:
119:
1737:
1687:
1471:
1436:
1416:
1158:
987:
266:
47:
1976:
1792:
1536:
1341:
91:
1747:
1707:
1566:
1526:
1486:
1461:
1291:
1251:
941:
355:
115:
59:
55:
35:
1727:
1722:
1677:
1546:
1521:
1506:
1456:
1431:
1351:
1306:
779:
179:
1082:
1030:
1882:
1857:
1807:
1762:
1732:
1611:
1576:
1466:
1426:
1391:
1321:
1311:
1271:
174:, with elements of it anticipated by some decades the core approach of
111:
51:
34:, who once lived around the coastal and inland area around and east of
1059:(July 1930). "The Social Organization of Australian Tribes. Part II".
194:. The re-analysis of this Kariera theory played a significant role in
1877:
1772:
1717:
1712:
1692:
1672:
1601:
1556:
1531:
1511:
1411:
1396:
1381:
1331:
1326:
1296:
997:
951:"Rock Art in Arid Landscapes: Pilbara and Western Desert petroglyphs"
498:
496:
1842:
1832:
1822:
1817:
1782:
1667:
1662:
1656:
1591:
1571:
1421:
1366:
1336:
1276:
1266:
1256:
145:
123:
78:
619:
1852:
1837:
1827:
1812:
1802:
1797:
1752:
1682:
1641:
1626:
1596:
1581:
1501:
1446:
1441:
1376:
1371:
1361:
1316:
1301:
493:
31:
1867:
1862:
1787:
1777:
1767:
1757:
1742:
1631:
1621:
1616:
1606:
1586:
1561:
1516:
1491:
1406:
1346:
1286:
1281:
1261:
1241:
1093:
Aboriginal Rights Claims and the Making and Remaking of History
372:
368:
365:
294:
183:
102:
The Kariera lands ran along the coast from a point east of the
70:
148:, which was only recorded as late as 1977 by Kingsley Palmer.
1847:
1702:
1401:
1246:
520:
106:
to Port Hedland and inland, for about 50 miles over the
1887:
1222:
865:
Linguistic Composition of the Nations of the World: Oceania
679:
160:, and it was intended as challenging some key premises of
823:
Harper, Charles (1886). "Mouth of the De Grey River". In
667:
643:
537:
535:
466:
464:
415:
413:
285:
managed to connect the four section names with animals:
1121:
Native Title in Australia: An Ethnographic Perspective
993:
Remarks and Inventions: Skeptical Essays about Kinship
836:. Vol. 1. Melbourne: J. Ferres. pp. 287–293.
571:
483:
481:
479:
691:
607:
547:
532:
461:
410:
137:
Much of the traditional Kariera landscape, marked by
655:
631:
559:
449:
400:
398:
1151:
Department of Aboriginal Affairs, Western Australia
804:. Collected Works of James G. Frazer. Vol. 7.
583:
476:
1018:Archaeology & Physical Anthropology in Oceania
508:
151:
395:
1974:
862:Kloss, Heinz; McConnell, Grant D., eds. (1981).
1055:
1037:
625:
502:
1044:Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
861:
526:
437:
425:
1208:
1041:(1913). "Three Tribes of Western Australia".
948:
932:
601:
949:McDonald, Jo; Veth, Peter (December 2013).
118:Rivers. In terms of tribal topography, the
1215:
1201:
167:The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life
94:that had been established on their land.
844:The Social Theory of Claude LĂ©vi-Strauss
73:to the east and, running clockwise, the
1983:Aboriginal peoples of Western Australia
1157:
986:
886:
840:
753:
725:
685:
673:
649:
613:
553:
470:
455:
419:
1975:
1114:
1014:
907:
822:
794:
697:
661:
637:
565:
541:
487:
1196:
778:
715:"AIATSIS map of Indigenous Australia"
604:, pp. 152–157, 174–189, 214–220.
589:
577:
514:
938:The Elementary Structures of Kinship
911:Australian Rock Art: A New Synthesis
352:Minjiburu, Minjubururu, Minjirbururu
325:
200:The Elementary Structures of Kinship
1142:
1089:
713:
443:
431:
404:
13:
1075:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1930.tb01645.x
14:
1999:
1098:McGill-Queen's University Press
152:Kinship and social organization
1171:Australian National University
972:10.1080/03122417.2013.11681980
1:
354:(Kariara term for an ancient
389:
342:Kariera, Karriara, Karriarra
293:(burung) were linked to the
7:
1144:"Tindale Tribal Boundaries"
762:University of Chicago Press
732:Genesis of Symbolic Thought
283:Carl Georg von Brandenstein
10:
2004:
1126:Cambridge University Press
916:Cambridge University Press
825:Curr, Edward Micklethwaite
754:Descola, Philippe (2013).
737:Cambridge University Press
706:
527:Kloss & McConnell 1981
97:
84:
69:Their neighbours were the
41:
15:
1988:Broome, Western Australia
1922:
1896:
1234:
784:The Australian Aborigines
757:Beyond Nature and Culture
312:
126:to their west, while the
870:Presses Université Laval
384:
243:plains kangaroo (fierce)
176:structural functionalism
172:anthropological thinking
81:on their western flank.
1159:Tindale, Norman Barnett
1090:Ray, Arthur J. (2016).
1057:Radcliffe-Brown, Alfred
1039:Radcliffe-Brown, Alfred
908:Layton, Robert (1992).
257:passive & concrete
231:passive & abstract
1909:Forrest River massacre
959:Australian Archaeology
307:Western humoral theory
245:active & concrete
219:active & abstract
1927:By state or territory
887:Langham, Ian (1981).
364:("coastal dwellers",
28:Aboriginal Australian
1904:Flying Foam massacre
1477:Mantjintjarra Ngalia
934:LĂ©vi-Strauss, Claude
841:Jenkins, A. (1979).
801:Totemism and Exogamy
796:Frazer, James George
626:Radcliffe-Brown 1930
503:Radcliffe-Brown 1913
371:for the Kariera and
255:hill kangaroo (mild)
688:, pp. 154–162.
628:, pp. 208–211.
505:, pp. 143–194.
229:lazy goanna (moist)
217:savage goanna (dry)
196:Claude LĂ©vi-Strauss
139:Aboriginal rock art
1936:Northern Territory
1224:Aboriginal peoples
1970:
1969:
1961:Western Australia
1914:Pinjarra massacre
1228:Western Australia
1187:on 20 March 2020.
1180:978-0-708-10741-6
1153:. September 2016.
1135:978-1-139-44949-6
1107:978-1-139-51100-1
1007:978-1-136-53612-0
925:978-0-521-34666-5
900:978-9-027-71264-6
879:978-2-763-76967-7
854:978-1-349-03683-7
815:978-0-700-71338-7
771:978-0-226-14500-6
746:978-1-139-51100-1
676:, pp. 30–34.
652:, pp. 44–46.
602:LĂ©vi-Strauss 1969
580:, pp. 61–84.
326:Alternative names
262:
261:
164:'s classic study
1995:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1183:. Archived from
1154:
1148:
1139:
1111:
1086:
1052:
1034:
1011:
983:
955:
945:
929:
904:
883:
858:
837:
835:
819:
791:
788:Doubleday Anchor
786:(3rd ed.).
775:
750:
722:
701:
695:
689:
683:
677:
671:
665:
659:
653:
647:
641:
635:
629:
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491:
485:
474:
468:
459:
453:
447:
441:
435:
429:
423:
417:
408:
402:
301:(karimarra) and
278:Karimera/Burung.
208:
207:
18:Kariera language
2003:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1946:South Australia
1931:New South Wales
1918:
1892:
1230:
1221:
1191:
1181:
1146:
1136:
1108:
1008:
988:Needham, Rodney
953:
926:
901:
880:
868:. Vol. 4.
855:
833:
816:
806:RoutledgeCurzon
772:
747:
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253:
250:
244:
242:
241:
238:
230:
228:
227:
224:
218:
216:
215:
212:
192:South Australia
188:Flinders Ranges
178:decades later.
154:
100:
87:
44:
20:
12:
11:
5:
2001:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1924:
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1735:
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1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1688:Pitjantjatjara
1685:
1680:
1675:
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1665:
1660:
1654:
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1190:
1189:
1179:
1163:"Kariara (WA)"
1155:
1140:
1134:
1112:
1106:
1087:
1069:(2): 206–246.
1053:
1035:
1012:
1006:
984:
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878:
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723:
721:. 14 May 2024.
710:
708:
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700:, p. 291.
690:
678:
666:
654:
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606:
594:
582:
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558:
546:
544:, p. 138.
531:
529:, p. 154.
519:
507:
492:
475:
473:, p. 266.
460:
448:
436:
424:
422:, p. 244.
409:
407:, p. 111.
393:
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386:
383:
382:
381:
376:
359:
349:
344:
339:
334:
327:
324:
314:
311:
274:Banaka/Palyeri
260:
259:
247:
234:
233:
221:
186:people of the
162:Émile Durkheim
153:
150:
122:lay east, the
104:Sherlock River
99:
96:
92:sheep stations
86:
83:
48:Norman Tindale
43:
40:
30:people of the
24:Karieri people
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1542:Ngaatjatjarra
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1537:Ngaanyatjarra
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1116:Sutton, Peter
1113:
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1019:
1013:
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999:
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994:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
966:(77): 66–81.
965:
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727:Barnard, Alan
724:
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712:
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694:
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682:
675:
670:
664:, p. 57.
663:
658:
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640:, p. 44.
639:
634:
627:
622:
616:, p. 64.
615:
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598:
592:, p. 64.
591:
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579:
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568:, p. 46.
567:
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555:
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71:Nyamal Pundju
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
46:According to
39:
37:
33:
29:
25:
19:
1873:Yindjibarndi
1748:Unggarranggu
1567:Ngarlawangga
1527:Nangatadjara
1462:Mandjildjara
1386:
1185:the original
1166:
1120:
1092:
1066:
1060:
1048:
1042:
1025:(1): 38–50.
1022:
1016:
992:
963:
957:
942:Beacon Press
937:
910:
893:. Springer.
889:
864:
847:. Springer.
843:
829:
800:
783:
780:Elkin, A. P.
756:
731:
693:
686:Descola 2013
681:
674:Needham 2013
669:
657:
650:Barnard 2012
645:
633:
621:
614:Jenkins 1979
609:
597:
585:
573:
561:
554:Needham 2013
549:
522:
510:
471:Langham 1981
456:Barnard 2012
451:
439:
427:
420:Tindale 1974
378:
361:
356:Port Hedland
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
320:native title
316:
302:
298:
290:
286:
277:
273:
263:
251:
239:
225:
213:
204:
199:
165:
155:
142:
136:
128:Yindjibarndi
108:De Grey area
101:
88:
75:Yindjibarndi
68:
45:
36:Port Hedland
23:
21:
1728:Tjeraridjal
1723:Tjalkadjara
1637:Nyangumarta
1547:Ngadjunmaia
1482:Mardudunera
698:Harper 1886
662:Frazer 1994
638:Sutton 2004
566:Sutton 2004
542:Layton 1992
488:Frazer 1994
267:patrilineal
252:(Palt'arri)
240:(Karimarra)
180:A. P. Elkin
158:Daisy Bates
1977:Categories
1941:Queensland
1883:Yinikutira
1858:Yawijibaya
1763:Walmadjari
1733:Tjurabalan
1612:Njakinjaki
1577:Ngolibardu
1467:Mandjindja
1427:Maduwongga
1392:Kartudjara
1322:Ildawongga
1312:Gooniyandi
1272:Ballardong
1051:: 143–194.
590:Elkin 1954
578:Elkin 1954
515:Elkin 1954
362:Kudjunguru
77:, and the
64:Yandeyarra
16:See also:
1878:Yingkarta
1773:Wariangga
1718:Tharrkari
1713:Thalandji
1693:Putidjara
1673:Pindjarup
1602:Nimanburu
1557:Ngarinjin
1532:Nangatara
1512:Murunitja
1412:Kurajarra
1397:Keiadjara
1382:Karajarri
1327:Inawongga
1297:Duulngari
998:Routledge
980:146209616
798:(1994) .
782:(1954) .
390:Citations
214:(Pannaga)
143:Minyiburu
1956:Victoria
1951:Tasmania
1843:Wunambal
1833:Worrorra
1823:Wirdinya
1818:Wilawila
1783:Watjarri
1698:Spinifex
1668:Pindiini
1663:Pibelmen
1657:Perrakee
1652:Panyjima
1647:Nyulnyul
1592:Ngurrara
1572:Ngarluma
1497:Miriwung
1422:Madoitja
1367:Kalamaia
1337:Jaburara
1332:Inggarda
1277:Binigura
1267:Baiyungu
1257:Badimaya
1161:(1974).
1118:(2004).
1083:40327321
1031:40386276
990:(2013).
936:(1969).
729:(2012).
432:TTB 2016
405:Ray 2016
379:Paljarri
299:karimera
297:, while
270:moieties
237:Karimera
226:(Purunu)
202:(1949).
146:songline
124:Ngarluma
110:and the
79:Ngarluma
26:were an
1897:History
1853:Yamatji
1838:Wudjari
1828:Wirngir
1813:Wiilman
1803:Whadjuk
1798:Wenamba
1753:Unggumi
1738:Tjuroro
1683:Pintupi
1642:Nyigina
1627:Noongar
1597:Niabali
1582:Ngombal
1502:Mirning
1472:Mangala
1452:Mandara
1447:Malngin
1442:Malgaru
1437:Malgana
1417:Kurrama
1387:Kariera
1377:Kaneang
1372:Kambure
1362:Kalaako
1317:Gugadja
1302:Dyiwali
1235:Peoples
1062:Oceania
827:(ed.).
719:AIATSIS
707:Sources
444:AIATSIS
347:Kyreara
337:Kaierra
332:Gariera
303:palyeri
291:purungu
287:pannaga
249:Palyeri
98:Ecology
85:History
60:Wodgina
42:Country
32:Pilbara
1868:Yeidji
1863:Yawuru
1793:Wanman
1788:Wangai
1778:Warrwa
1768:Wardal
1758:Waljen
1743:Umiida
1632:Nyamal
1622:Nokaan
1617:Njunga
1607:Ninanu
1587:Ngurlu
1562:Ngarla
1552:Ngalia
1517:Nakako
1492:Mineng
1407:Koreng
1347:Jadira
1287:Buruna
1282:Bunuba
1262:Bailgu
1242:Amangu
1177:
1132:
1104:
1081:
1029:
1004:
978:
922:
897:
876:
851:
812:
768:
743:
373:Ngarla
369:exonym
366:Nyamal
313:Impact
295:goanna
272:form:
223:Burung
211:Banaka
184:Wailpi
132:Nyamal
120:Ngarla
116:Turner
56:Turner
54:, and
1848:Wurla
1708:Tenma
1703:Tedei
1522:Nanda
1487:Martu
1457:Mandi
1402:Koara
1357:Jukun
1292:Djaru
1252:Bardi
1247:Arnga
1147:(PDF)
1079:JSTOR
1027:JSTOR
976:S2CID
954:(PDF)
834:(PDF)
385:Notes
62:, at
1888:Yued
1808:Widi
1678:Pini
1507:Miwa
1432:Maia
1352:Jawi
1307:Gija
1175:ISBN
1130:ISBN
1102:ISBN
1002:ISBN
920:ISBN
895:ISBN
874:ISBN
849:ISBN
810:ISBN
766:ISBN
741:ISBN
289:and
276:and
130:and
114:and
112:Yule
52:Yule
22:The
1226:of
1071:doi
968:doi
198:'s
190:in
1979::
1173:.
1169:.
1165:.
1149:.
1128:.
1124:.
1100:.
1096:.
1077:.
1065:.
1049:43
1047:.
1023:12
1021:.
1000:.
996:.
974:.
964:77
962:.
956:.
940:.
918:.
914:.
872:.
808:.
764:.
760:.
739:.
735:.
717:.
534:^
495:^
478:^
463:^
412:^
397:^
322:.
38:.
1659:?
1216:e
1209:t
1202:v
1138:.
1110:.
1085:.
1073::
1067:1
1033:.
1010:.
982:.
970::
944:.
928:.
903:.
882:.
857:.
818:.
790:.
774:.
749:.
446:.
434:.
375:)
358:)
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