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in power and that the mix of advertisers on
Mediaset channels shifts toward regulated firms during his tenure. To assess the impact of Berlusconi's political influence, industries were ranked according to their regulatory score, obtained from a survey of Italian economists. Highly regulated industries, such as telecommunications, pharmaceuticals, and manufacturing, showed a greater tendency to allocate a portion of their advertising budgets to Mediaset during Berlusconi's tenure. Despite higher prices for advertising space on Mediaset channels during Berlusconi's tenure, companies continued to advertise, suggesting that they expect significant political benefits from supporting the network. Mediaset's advertising partners are estimated to have paid about 1.9 billion euros more during Berlusconi's three terms, indicating the expected political value of their indirect lobbying efforts. This study provides evidence of market-based lobbying, in which companies strategically allocate their advertising budgets to gain political influence. It also highlights the additional conflict of interest that politicians with corporate holdings face and raises important questions about the role of money in politics beyond direct campaign contributions.
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would be paid back just by renting for three months 2 beach umbrellas for 15 euros each (and in many cases the renting prices are higher). The Court of
Accounts has declared an imbalance between the fee and the gains from the beach establishment. Until 2009, according to a 1949 law, people who had public concessions had the right to keep them if there was no opposition from third parties. In 2009 this law is abolished under menace of legal procedure from the Eu for infraction of a 2006 directive, that established mandatory public procedures that were impartial and transparent. Anyhow, since then, governments continuously postponed any decision regarding modyfing laws on public concessions for beach establishments. Under the government of Mario Draghi the deadline for all concessions was established for the 31st of December 2023: anyhow, the new Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni assured in a letter of November 3, 2022, that "their government would defend the families that work in that sector", and delayed the deadline of the concessions. Some politicians claim that the families involved in the issue represent a significant and influential number of electors.
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licenses are held by artisan business owners who have passed a driver's exam and are registered with the
Chamber of Commerce. After holding a license for five years, reaching the age of 60, or due to illness, license holders can transfer their license to someone else upon indicating their preference to the municipality. In case of death, the license can be passed to one of the heirs or their designated individuals. Italy has an average of one taxi for every 2,000 inhabitants, whereas countries like France and Spain have ratios of 1,160 and 1,028 taxis per 2,000 inhabitants, respectively. This suggests that Italy has a relatively lower number of taxis available compared to its population. In August 2019, the then Transport Councillor Marco Granelli acknowledged the need to increase the number of taxi licenses by 450 to meet the demand. Data showed that a significant percentage of calls for taxis were going unanswered during peak hours and weekends. However, the issue was put on hold due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and it remains uncertain when it will be addressed.
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delays, amendments and compromises that have weakened the law. Pressure from various lobbies led to the deletion of several important provisions. For example, due to pressure from pharmacists, the sale of Band C drugs in supermarkets and parapharmacies was skipped. Other provisions removed include the portability of pension funds, the sale of boxes or garages worth less than one hundred thousand euros without a notarized deed, the protected energy market, and the Postal
Service monopoly. In addition, the rule on RCA tariffs was withdrawn after protests from insurance companies, while the diatribe between taxi drivers and
1061:(UKPAC) defined lobbying as: in a professional capacity, attempting to influence, or advising those who wish to influence, the UK Government, Parliament, the devolved legislatures or administrations, regional or local government or other public bodies on any matter within their competence. Formal procedures enable individual members of the public to lobby their Member of Parliament but most lobbying activity centres on corporate, charity and trade association lobbying, where organisations seek to amend government policy through advocacy.
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of the sitting
Parliament expired. With the rising of the new parliamentary term in 2018, the Regulation was not being readopted. At the subnational level, only six regions have legislations about lobbying: Tuscany (2002), Molise (2004), Abruzzo (2010), Calabria (2016), Lombardy (2016) and Puglia (2017). These regional legislations have similar structure, but only Tuscany took a step forward to implement this legislation and create a public register.
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health on individuals, and portray government actions as interference in personal liberties and free choice. This is formidable opposition. When industry is involved in policy-making, rest assured that the most effective control measures will be downplayed or left out entirely. This, too, is well documented, and dangerous. In the view of WHO, the formulation of health policies must be protected from distortion by commercial or vested interests.
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Code of conduct and a register of lobbyists. Today lobbying in the
European Union is an integral and important part of decision-making in the EU. From year to year lobbying regulation in the EU is constantly improving and the number of lobbyists increases. This increase in lobbying activity is a result of the growing recognition of lobbying as a critical discipline at the intersection of politics, economics, and society.
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959:. In India, there are no laws that defined the scope of lobbying, who could undertake it, or the extent of disclosure necessary. Companies are not mandated to disclose their activities and lobbyists are neither authorized nor encouraged to reveal the names of clients or public officials they have contacted. The distinction between lobbying and bribery still remains unclear.
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pushing the environmental policies or favouring fossil fuels in addition to informing them about the UAE hosting COP28. The gulf nation even declared its intentions of achieving net zero emissions by 2050, even though 30% of their GDP relies on oil and gas directly, while the remaining relies upon industry run on heavy energy consumption.
871:(the mass media company founded and controlled by Berlusconi) bias in the allocation of advertising spending during Berlusconi's political tenure, in particular for companies operating in more regulated sectors. Using advertising data from the Nielsen AdEx database, the behavior of companies buying advertising space on
640:. The controversy concerned the European Parliament's "friendship groups", the unofficial bodies operating with no formal regulations and sometimes under sponsored lobbyists and foreign governments. The European Parliament was preparing to vote on a resolution to call for a release of a Bahraini political prisoner
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within their electoral district acting as private citizens; others like professional lobbyists may engage in lobbying as a business or profession; while others are government relations support staff who work on behalf of professional lobbyists but do not actively participate in influencing or meeting
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of as much as 22,000% in some cases. Major
American corporations spent $ 345 million lobbying for just three pro-immigration bills between 2006 and 2008. A review of 30 food and beverage companies spent $ 38.2 million on lobbying in 2020 to strengthen and maintain their influence in Washington, D.C.
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Another relevant case of lobbying that has been going on for at least 16 years concerns owners of beach establishments. Beaches are the
Italian State's properties: since 2022, owners have to pay a fee of 2698 euros to keep a public concession of a beach establishment. This is an amount of money that
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Canada maintains a
Registry of Lobbyists. Over 5,000 people now working as registered lobbyists at Canada's federal level. Lobbying began as an unregulated profession, but since the late 20th century has been regulated by the government to increase transparency and establish a set of ethics for both
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In the UK, lobbying plays a significant role in the formation of legislation. Various commercial organisations, lobby groups "lobby" for particular policies and decisions by
Parliament and other political organs at national, regional and local levels. The phrase "lobbying" comes from the gathering
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A model of the Italian television advertising market was developed, distinguishing between regulated firms (interested in government actions) and unregulated firms (less interested in specific public policy changes). The model predicts that advertising prices on Mediaset increase when Berlusconi is
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Italy does not have a lobbying legislation at national level nowadays, even though there have been proposals by lawmakers during the years. In 2016, the Chamber of deputies added an addendum that introduced a Regulation of interest representation. The Regulation expired in late 2017, when the term
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involved in drafting and negotiating legislation must publish online their meetings with lobbyists. The amendment says that "rapporteurs, shadow rapporteurs or committee chairs shall, for each report, publish online all scheduled meetings with interest representatives falling under the scope of the
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Efforts to prevent noncommunicable diseases go against the business interests of powerful economic operators. In my view, this is one of the biggest challenges facing health promotion. it is not just Big Tobacco anymore. Public health must also contend with Big Food, Big Soda, and Big Alcohol. All
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exists. Many critiques of lobbying point to the potential for conflicts of interest to lead to agent misdirection or the intentional failure of an agent with a duty to serve an employer, client, or constituent to perform those duties. The failure of government officials to serve the public interest
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Climate event. Fleishmann Hillard were hired to compose letters that proposed the idea of Emirati ministers attending conferences and events and using the phrase "the UAE is hosting COP28 next year". Whereas, Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld were hired to reach out to US politicians particularly
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The United Arab Emirates has a long history of lobbying government and politicians in the West for its conflict of interest concerning building influence and using it to impact the country's foreign policy. In November 2022 it was accused of hiring PR and lobbying firms in order to promote to the
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In addition to this, lobby organisations sometimes hire former EU employees (a phenomenon known as the revolving door) who possess inside knowledge of the EU institutions and policy process. This practice of hiring former EU employees is part of what lobbyist Andreas Geiger describes as lobbying's
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seeking to influence the EU's legislation. Some 2,600 special interest groups had a permanent office in Brussels. Their distribution was roughly as follows: European trade federations (32%), consultants (20%), companies (13%), NGOs (11%), national associations (10%), regional representations (6%),
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The majority of lobbying companies represent non-governmental organizations which activities include education, ecology, fundamental freedoms, health, consumer rights etc. Other entities that deal with lobby practice are multinational companies, Romanian companies, law firms and specialized lobby
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The first step towards specialized regulation of lobbying in the European Union was a Written Question tabled by Alman Metten, in 1989. In 1991, Marc Galle, Chairman of the Committee on the Rules of Procedure, the Verification of Credentials and Immunities, was appointed to submit proposals for a
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and is accessible to the public via its website. Similar registers for State government lobbyists were introduced between 2007 and 2009 around Australia. Since April 2007 in Western Australia, only lobbyists listed on the state's register are allowed to contact a government representative for the
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that confuses the evidence and keeps the public in doubt. Tactics also include gifts, grants, and contributions to worthy causes that cast these industries as respectable corporate citizens in the eyes of politicians and the public. They include arguments that place the responsibility for harm to
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provisions against revolving door politics exist in relation to certain industries. The Immigration Advisers Licensing Act 2007, for example, prohibits Ministers of Immigration, Associate Ministers of Immigration and immigration officials from becoming a licensed immigration adviser for one year
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Finally, lobbying from taxi drivers represents a growing issue. The current situation in Italy regarding taxi services is regulated by Law No. 21 of 1992. According to this law, the responsibility for determining the number of taxi licenses, shifts, and fares is given to the municipalities. Taxi
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In Italy, over the years, lobbies and power groups have obstructed the liberalization of markets and favored the protection of existing privileges. Despite various attempts to promote competition, such as the Law for the Market and Competition passed a year ago, the process has been riddled with
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The international standards for the regulation of lobbying were introduced at four international organizations and supranational associations: 1) the European Union; 2) the Council of Europe; 3) the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; 4) the Commonwealth of Independent States.
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The royal court was home to the king and therefore was an important arena for policy issues and decisions. we find isolated examples of lobbyists for particular interests. An example of such a figure was Sir John Hay, who spent frequent intervals at court during when he acted as agent for the
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was postponed for a separate measure. Professional associations, such as lawyers and dentists, opposed measures that undermined their interests, such as the requirement for lawyers to have a quote or the requirement that dental companies be at least two-thirds owned by registered members. Other
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Other letters from Washington affirm, that members of the Senate, when the compromise question was to be taken in the House, were not only "lobbying about the Representatives' Chamber" but also active in endeavoring to intimidate certain weak representatives by insulting threats to dissolve the
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to describe the political advocates who frequented the hotel's lobby to access Grant—who was often there in the evenings to enjoy a cigar and brandy—and then tried to buy the president drinks in an attempt to influence his political decisions. Although the term may have gained more widespread
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where French lobbyists are able to register themselves. For example, the internal rule of the National Assembly (art. 23 and 79) forbids members of Parliament to be linked with a particular interest. Also, there is no rule at all for consultation of interest groups by the Parliament and the
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led to a lifetime ban on administration officials from lobbying for foreign governments and a five-year ban on other forms of lobbying. However, the rule was revoked by Trump right before the end of his presidency. A number of Trump allies were found guilty to lobbying on behalf of foreign
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stated that by 1983 the lobbying profession was an established part of the democratic political process in Canberra. Warhurst attests that by 2018, "political leader-lobbyists" were an established part of the same process. During the 1980s, political leaders traded on their own names, like
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Attempts to regulate lobbying in Romania have appeared in the context of the fight against corruption. Anti-corruption strategies adopted in 2011 and 2004 mentions the purposes of the elaboration of a draft law on lobbying, as well as ensuring transparency in the decision-making activity.
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since 1 December 2009. A criticism of the lobbyist register is that it only captures professional third-party lobbyists, not employees of companies which directly lobby government. An example of this is BHP, which employs Geoff Walsh, a key advisor to Bob Hawke as an in-house lobbyist.
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television channels during Berlusconi's tenure as prime minister was analyzed. It is hypothesized that some companies are more likely to advertise on Mediaset channels when Berlusconi is in power, indicating a potential correlation between advertising behavior and political influence.
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in order to serve their own interests. When people who have a duty to act on behalf of others, such as elected officials with a duty to serve their constituents' interests or more broadly the public good, can benefit by shaping the law to serve the interests of some private parties, a
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joined a lobbying firm just three months after leaving Parliament, where he had been justice and broadcasting minister. Lobbyists also move directly into staffer positions. Gordon-Jon Thompson took a leave of absence from his lobbying firm to work as chief of staff to Prime Minister
503:. Peter Costello carried two former staffers to work with him in his lobbying firm, ECG Consulting: Jonathan Epstein and David Gazard. Politicians can become exposed to allegations of conflicts of interest when they both lobby and advise governments. Examples include Peter Costello.
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briefs are briefs filed by people or groups who are not parties to a suit. These briefs are entered into the court records and give additional background on the matter being decided upon. Advocacy groups use these briefs both to share their expertise and to promote their positions.
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In 2013, there were just under 280 firms on the Federal Australian Register of Lobbyists. Steve Carney of Carney Associated says that lobbyists "try to leave no thumbprints on the glass, no footprints in the sand. The best lobbying is when nobody knows you were there."
59:. Lobbying, which usually involves direct, face-to-face contact in cooperation with support staff that may not meet directly face-to-face, is done by many types of people, associations and organized groups, including individuals on a personal level in their capacity as
1268:(1994) – a unique lobby which is called "Lobby 99" is working at the Israeli parliament. This is a lobby which is funded by the people by crowdfunding and working for the people, the 99 percent who are not among the elites which most lobbying companies represent.
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candidate), Howard staffer John Griffin and former New South Wales Liberal Party leader, Peter Collins. The Labor "sister" company is Hawker Britton, so named as both firms are owned by STW Group. In 2013, Hawker Britton had 113 client companies on its books.
1506:"Lexicon Latinitatis Medii Aevi Regni Legionis (s. VIII-1230) Imperfectum/Léxico latinorromance del reino de León (s. VIII-1230).Editioni curandae prefuit Maurilio Pérez. Brepols Publishers, Turnhout, 2010 (Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Medievalis)"
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There is no register for lobbying activity and no cooling off period for public officials before they can enter the lobbying industry in New Zealand, allowing politicians and Parliamentary staffers to immediately become lobbyists after leaving office.
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whether as professional or amateur lobbyists can also lobby as an act of volunteering or as a small part of their normal job. Governments often define "lobbying" for legal purposes, and regulate organized group lobbying that has become influential.
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affected by legislation and regulation, as the main asset for a lobbyist is contacts with and influence on government officials. This climate is attractive for ex-government officials. It can also mean substantial monetary rewards for lobbying
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Political party staff often form lobbying firms or dominate their ranks. Former Howard chief-of-staff Grahame Morris is director of Barton Deakin Government Relations. His colleagues there include David Alexander (former Costello staffer),
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and its neighbour country argued that without the ease of sanctions, the diplomatic efforts to end the Syrian war will be ineffective. However, the EU nations, including France and Germany, turned down the idea of restoring ties with
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Arbeitspapiere und Materialien – Forschungsstelle Osteuropa an der Universitat Bremen, No. 74: Heiko Pleines (ed.): Participation of Civil Society in New Modes of Governance. The Case of the New Member States. Part 2: Questions of
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Government. Nevertheless, a recent parliamentary initiative (motion for a resolution) has been launched by several MPs so as to establish a register for representatives of interest groups and lobbyists who intend to lobby the MPs.
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who left politics went to work for organisations on the EU lobby register after their mandate and approximately one third of Commissioners serving under Barroso took jobs in the private sector after their mandate, including for
1286:: Since 1998, Kazakhstan has been trying to pass a law on lobbying. The National Chamber of Entrepreneurs of Kazakhstan "Atameken" is one of the first official lobbying structures in the country, but there are other examples.
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In 2012, Walmart revealed it had spent $ 25 million since 2008 on lobbying to "enhance market access for investment in India". This disclosure came weeks after the Indian government made a controversial decision to permit
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has grown from a small industry of a few hundred employees to a multi-billion dollar per year industry. What was once the preserve of big multinational companies and at a more local level (property developers, for example
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In 2008 and 2011, the emphasis was mainly on transparency in the decision-making activity of the public authorities, regulation of lobbying activities no longer appearing as a distinct or expressly mentioned objective.
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in Washington, D.C., and the massive impact this had on the lobbying scene in the United States, the rules for lobbying in the EU—which until now consisted of only a non-binding code of conduct—may also be tightened.
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found that political donations by corporations do not increase shareholder value. The authors posit a few reasons that firms continue giving despite little returns, including signaling firm values to investors and
821:(German: Lobbyliste) was introduced in Germany effective 1 January 2022, along with a code of conduct. These rules were criticized as insufficient by several opposition party members and representatives from the
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of these industries fear regulation, and protect themselves by using the same tactics. Research has documented these tactics well. They include front groups, lobbies, promises of self-regulation, lawsuits, and
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in charge of corporate affairs. Competitor Woolworths has a government relations team composed of former Labor and Liberal advisers, under the direction of a former leader of the National Party, Andrew Hall.
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face-to-face with targeted personnel enough to be considered registered lobbyists while working in the same professional circles as professional lobbyists who are legally designated as registered lobbyists.
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in the country. The lack of competitive markets is one of the main reasons Italy has not experienced economic growth in recent years. However, pressure groups continue to defend their privileges, hindering
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738:. These potential conflicts of interest could be avoided if a stronger ethics framework were established at the EU level, including an independent ethics body and longer cooling-off periods for MEPs.
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Professional lobbyists are people whose business is trying to influence legislation, regulation, or other government decisions, actions, or policies on behalf of a group or individual who hires them.
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644:. However, chair of European Parliament's Bahrain friendship group, Zdechovský came under questions for visiting Bahrain in April 2022, without declaring. In a separate resolution, Zdechovský's
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noted that over this time, retired politicians have increasingly turned political lobbyists to leverage their networks and experience for private gain. In 2018 he noted that two of the top three
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There is currently no regulation at all for lobbying activities in France. There is no regulated access to the French institutions and no register specific to France, but there is one for the
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for four months before returning to his lobbying firm. Andrew Kirton resigned from his lobbying company on 31 January 2023 and the next day was announced as chief of staff for Prime Minister
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https://www.canlii.org/en/commentary/doc/2018CanLIIDocs28#!fragment//BQCwhgziBcwMYgK4DsDWszIQewE4BUBTADwBdoByCgSgBpltTCIBFRQ3AT0otokLC4EbDtyp8BQkAGU8pAELcASgFEAMioBqAQQByAYRW1SYAEbRS2ONWpA
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Lobbying can be categorized as inside lobbying, which directly interacts with decision-makers, or outside lobbying, which pressures decision-makers through mobilization of public opinion.
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and senior journalists and politicians. Besides private companies, the Indian government has been paying for the services a US firm since 2005 to lobby, for example, in relation to the
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The Romanian Lobby Registry Association (ARRL) was founded in June 2010 to popularize and promote lobbying activity. ARRL is a non-profit legal entity that works under private law.
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In 2022, The Mercury published a complete list of lobbyists registered at the Tasmanian Parliament. The field was dominated by former politicians, advisers and journalists in 2016.
288:, for example, filed suits in state and federal courts in the 1950s to challenge segregation laws. Their efforts resulted in the Supreme Court declaring such laws unconstitutional.
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825:, who argued that they did not adequately address issues of transparency and potential conflicts of interest. Stricter rules are scheduled to come into effect on January 1, 2024.
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as a consequence of lobbying by special interests who provide benefits to the official is an example of agent misdirection. That is why lobbying is seen as one of the causes of a
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Romanian legislation does not include an express regulation on lobbying activity. The legislative proposals initiated by various parliamentarians have not been finalized.
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Joos, Klemens: Convincing Political Stakeholders – Successful Lobbying Through Process Competence in the Complex Decision-Making System of the European Union, 526 pages,
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or troubled human rights records'. Between 2015 and 2017, around 145 registered lobbyists were paid $ 18 million by Saudi Arabia to influence the U.S. government.
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of previous research findings found a positive correlation between corporate political activity and firm performance. A 2009 study found that lobbying brought a
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to regain the diplomatic ties with the Syrian government. The two Arab countries lobbied the European Union for months, pushing them to ease the sanctions on
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189:, which refers to a gallery, hall, or portico. This architectural sense was later adopted to describe the practice of advocating or debating in such spaces.
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169:. Politicians tend to vote more against the preferred position of their constituency in case of more special interest money and less attention to politics.
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613:, consisting of costly invitations to foreign politicians and employees of international organizations to Azerbaijan at the expense of the host country.
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2272:// Africa Intelligence, 9 02 2017 г. "Baku's "caviar diplomacy" which consisted of buying the good graces of certain members of the Council of Europe"
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1908:. Contributions to the study of world history, ISSN 0885-9159. Vol. 64. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group R. D. p. 51.
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Balles, Patrick; Matter, Ulrich; Stutzer, Alois (31 May 2024). "Special Interest Groups Versus Voters and the Political Economics of Attention".
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A 2011 study of the 50 firms that spent the most on lobbying relative to their assets compared their financial performance against that of the
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In the United States, some special interests hire professional advocates to argue for specific legislation in decision-making bodies, such as
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engages GRA (Government Relations Australia), one of Australia's largest lobbying firms, whose staff includes former Federal Labor treasurer,
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may concentrate their efforts on the legislatures, where laws are created, but may also use the judicial branch to advance their causes. The
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Lobbying and Advocacy: Winning Strategies, Resources, Recommendations, Ethics and Ongoing Compliance for Lobbyists and Washington Advocates
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lobbies. In 2010 alone, foreign governments spent approximately $ 460 million on lobbying members of Congress and government officials.
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vital role in shaping law and decision-making processes, given the unique insights and access these individuals provide. A report by
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Pier Luigi Petrillo, Democracies under Pressures. Lobbies and Parliaments in a comparative public law, Giuffrè 2011 (www.giuffre.it)
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Legalization, accreditation, control and supervisory activity concerning lobbyists and lobbying organizations: prospects for Ukraine
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Enhancing Transparency in EU Lobbying? How the European Commission's Lack of Courage and Determination Impedes Substantial Progress
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475:, or joined the "respectable" end of the lobbying spectrum, working for law firms or banks, like former New South Wales premiers
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313:) briefs to try to influence court cases. Briefs are written documents filed with a court, typically by parties to a lawsuit.
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3370:"Measuring Rates of Return for Lobbying Expenditures: An Empirical Case Study of Tax Breaks for Multinational Corporations"
2015:
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lobbyists, and those who will be lobbied. Canada does not require disclosure of lobbyist spending on lobbying activities.
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cites numerous documented uses of the word well before Grant's presidency, including use in Pennsylvania as early as 1808.
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Joos, Klemens: Lobbying in the new Europe. Successful representation of interests after the Treaty of Lisbon, 244 pages,
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Supermarket chains in Australia engage lobbying firms with political weight in their ranks. Australian Supermarket giant
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In the US, lobbying for foreign governments is not illegal, but it requires registering as a foreign agent with the
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to reduce the cost of traditional campaigns, and to more precisely target public officials with political messages.
923:, where there is no law regulating the process, lobbying has traditionally been a tool for industry bodies like the
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EU published in January 2017 analysed the career paths of former EU officials and found that 30% of Members of the
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Arab Lobby in the United States Handbook, 2015 edition, published by the Global Investment Center, United States (
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3324:"Mixing Business With Politics: A Meta-Analysis of the Antecedents and Outcomes of Corporate Political Activity"
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1030:(TI) criticized the lack of oversight in the New Zealand lobbying industry in a November 2022 report as lax.
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adopted binding rules on lobby transparency. Amending its Rules of Procedure, the Parliament stipulated that
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In 2003 there were around 15,000 lobbyists (consultants, lawyers, associations, corporations, NGOs etc.) in
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The "lobby tree", planted in 2001 by SEAP, the professional organization of lobbyists, at Wiertzstraat in
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has signed into law the much-anticipated legislation on lobbying, officially known as draft law No. 10337
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and other pressure groups to engage with the government ahead of the national budget and legislation in
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Revolving Door Lobbying: Public Service, Private Influence, and the Unequal Representation of Interests
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334:, and government projects and contracts worth in the hundreds of millions for those they represent.
4667:
4477:
4408:
4301:
4201:
3278:
360:
215:
before and after parliamentary debates where members of the public can meet their representatives.
17:
4039:
Pietro Semeraro, I delitti di millantato credito e traffico di influenza,ed. Giuffre, Milano,2000.
3531:
3253:
1636:
637:
98:
Lobbying or certain practices that share commonalities with lobbying are sometimes referred to as
4548:
4348:
4247:
1590:
Deanna Gelak (previous president of the American League of Lobbyists) mentioned this in her book
1135:
948:
849:
676:
111:
3852:
648:
failed to call for Khawaja's release and instead called him a "political opponent". Director of
5370:
4679:
4401:
4004:
Geiger, Andreas: EU Lobbying handbook, A guide to modern participation in Brussels, 244 pages,
2899:"Asociatia Registrul Român de Lobby – Bun venit pe pagina Asociaţiei Registrul Român de Lobby!"
1902:
Nicholls, Andrew D. (1999). "Kings, Courtiers, and Councillors: The Making of British Policy".
1249:
Climate Conference. The problem was that the promotion started even before Egypt hosted 2022's
1099:
484:
392:
127:
68:
5179:
3411:
2815:
Letter from Giorgia Meloni to President Capacchione, Il Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri.
325:
concept, a movement of personnel between roles as legislators and regulators and roles in the
4904:
4684:
4647:
4048:
Wiszowaty, Marcin: Legal Regulation of Lobbying in New Members States of the European Union,
2817:
2457:"Transparency International EU (2017) Access All Areas: when EU politicians become lobbyists"
1433:
759:
566:
500:
88:
2312:
786:, stating that it would legitimize the regime that is accused of massacring its own people.
4602:
4527:
4142:
3878:
3122:
1370:
1054:
641:
575:
496:
492:
326:
267:
228:
212:
161:
152:
148:
107:
31:
4043:
3156:"Lobbyists in New Zealand enjoy freedoms unlike most other nations in the developed world"
3115:
617:
diplomacy also includes expensive gifts presented as "a tribute to the Eastern tradition."
570:
purpose of lobbying. Similar rules have applied in Tasmania since 1 September 2009 and in
540:
is represented by both ECG Consulting and Bespoke Approach, while its own parent company,
266:
Governments often define and regulate organized group lobbying as part of laws to prevent
8:
4709:
4470:
4291:
3298:
2472:
1863:
1320:
1277:
1212:, 'many lobbyists try to avoid representing countries that have tense relationships with
971:
940:
808:
750:
718:
690:
525:
483:. In 2008, Alexander Downer formed the lobbying firm Bespoke Approach, along with former
4033:
The European Lawyer, December 2004/January 2005, p. 26, Lifting the lid on lobbying
4027:
Financial Times, 3 October 2005, p. 8, Brussels braces for a U.S. lobbying invasion
3228:
3080:
2585:"French National Assembly : Motion for a Resolution on Lobbying (21 November 2006)"
415:
provided incidental opportunities for gaining the ear of monarchs and their councilors.
5110:
4792:
4652:
4597:
4191:
3805:
3513:
3485:
3397:
3343:
3081:"Wal-Mart Lobbying in India? - Case - Faculty & Research - Harvard Business School"
2654:
1905:
The Jacobean Union: A Reconsideration of British Civil Policies Under the Early Stuarts
1795:
1736:
1608:
1394:
1355:
1340:
661:
537:
508:
166:
140:
115:
5360:
4840:
4787:
4615:
4610:
4522:
4394:
4311:
4096:
4024:
The European Lawyer, December 2005/January 2006, p. 9, The lobbyists have landed
4005:
3965:
3941:
3622:
3505:
3407:
3402:
3347:
3060:
2878:
2381:
1909:
1883:
1763:
1740:
1726:
1693:
1527:
1486:
1439:
1415:
951:
surrounding leaked audio transcripts of conversations between the corporate lobbyist
864:
822:
451:
52:
3517:
2311:. Office of the Commissioner of Lobbying of Canada. October 10, 2014. Archived from
863:
A 2016 study found evidence of significant indirect lobbying of then-Prime Minister
652:, Sayed Ahmed Alwadaei accused the Czech MEP of acting as a mouthpiece for Bahrain.
110:
known by many of the aforementioned names, and has a near complete overlap with the
5308:
5174:
4884:
4855:
4742:
4672:
4662:
4642:
4422:
4316:
4264:
4077:
3649:"As Trump Travels to Saudi Arabia, the Kingdom's D.C. Lobbying Surge Is Paying Off"
3497:
3387:
3377:
3335:
3323:
2776:
2052:
1875:
1718:
1685:
1545:
1517:
1476:
1468:
1330:
1160:
1083:
606:
592:
463:
455:
223:
87:; and by fellow legislators or government officials influencing each other through
76:
2705:"Deutscher Bundestag - Vorlagen zur Änderung des Lobbyregistergesetzes überwiesen"
2591:
5344:
5332:
5131:
4835:
4830:
4507:
4242:
4176:
4070:
4042:
Pietro Semeraro, Trading in Influence and Lobbying in the Spanish Criminal Code,
3990:
2675:"ZEIT ONLINE | Lesen Sie zeit.de mit Werbung oder im PUR-Abo. Sie haben die Wahl"
2541:
2269:
2250:
2231:
2212:
1903:
1335:
571:
83:(interest groups) to fulfil their mission such as requesting humanitarian aid or
63:, constituents, or private citizens; it is also practiced by corporations in the
3453:"Where the dollars go: Lobbying a big business for large food and beverage CPGs"
2023:
1942:
Lobbying In Australia: You Can't Expect Anything to Change If You Don't Speak Up
4889:
4845:
4762:
4321:
4279:
3597:"One of Trump's final acts will allow former aides to profit from foreign ties"
2763:
DellaVigna, Stefano; Durante, Ruben; Knight, Brian; Ferrara, Eliana La (2016).
1233:
1122:
1009:
818:
795:
633:
545:
459:
275:
80:
64:
681:
5354:
4809:
4752:
4206:
3697:"Trump revokes rule barring lobbying by former officials as he leaves office"
3509:
3339:
2877:(in Romanian). Bucharest: Institutul European din România. 2015. p. 67.
2861:"Balneari e taxi, come funziona l'Italia delle lobby | Milena Gabanelli"
1887:
1879:
1828:
1767:
1697:
1531:
1522:
1505:
1490:
1229:
1213:
1118:
1075:
1013:
731:
727:
351:
293:
200:
92:
84:
4356:
R v Bow Street Metropolitan Stipendiary Magistrate, ex parte Pinochet (No 2)
2924:"Why India Inc's lobby groups like CII, Ficci & Nasscom have lost sheen"
2456:
1811:"International standards for the regulation of lobbying (EU, CE, OECD, CIS)"
1673:
258:
4850:
4802:
4797:
4757:
4657:
4627:
4578:
4296:
4269:
4196:
4171:
4156:
4021:
The Bulletin, 16 March 2006, p. 14, Lobbying Europe: facts and fiction
3205:"New Zealand lobbying oversight lacking in comparison to similar countries"
2180:
1689:
1220:
1103:
770:
628:
554:
476:
281:
106:
and sometimes legislative relations, or legislative affairs. It is also an
1864:"Advocacy Strategies in Global Governance: Inside versus Outside Lobbying"
1292:
In South Korea, lobbying is viewed as a form of corruption and is illegal.
4814:
4772:
4767:
4732:
4699:
4582:
3382:
3369:
3321:
2781:
2764:
1672:
Blanes i Vidal, Jordi; Draca, Mirko; Fons-Rosen, Christian (2012-12-01).
1472:
1192:
1004:
983:
952:
521:
488:
412:
232:
119:
5327:
3954:"Form of government and lobbies in UK and UE. A comparative perspective"
3426:"How did opening borders to mass immigration become a 'Left-wing' idea?"
2942:"Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India - TobaccoTactics"
2284:"Revealed: MEP in prisoner resolution row made undeclared Bahrain visit"
1481:
943:. Lobbying activities have frequently been identified in the context of
380:
5320:
5267:
5088:
Commission for the Prevention of Corruption of the Republic of Slovenia
4782:
4737:
4694:
4493:
4387:
4252:
4111:
3310:...Hiring a top-flight lobbyist looks like a spectacular investment ...
2333:
Sapers, J. in Ferguson, G. (2018). Chapter 10: Regulation of Lobbying.
1712:
1360:
1114:
1110:
944:
706:
610:
541:
467:
48:
3392:
2765:"Market-Based Lobbying: Evidence from Advertising Spending in Italy †"
2436:"Form of government and lobbying UK and UE, a comparative perspective"
1722:
626:
In December 2022, Bahrain's lobbying efforts reflected in a report by
4704:
4632:
4592:
4573:
4227:
3573:
3550:"Wall Street Spent $ 2 Billion Trying to Influence the 2016 Election"
3127:
2176:"Plush hotels and caviar diplomacy: how Azerbaijan's elite wooed MPs"
1091:
860:
in a few years, but lobbies seem to be able to prevent such changes.
472:
435:
56:
5315:
4063:
3671:"Trump imposes lifetime ban on some lobbying, five years for others"
3471:"When Corporations Donate to Candidates, Are They Buying Influence?"
2992:"Radia Tapes: How One Woman's Influence Peddling Led to a Snake Pit"
2563:
2351:
2256:
2081:
1810:
1568:
1566:
227:
currency in Washington, D.C., by virtue of this practice during the
4777:
4747:
4362:
4258:
4186:
3501:
1315:
1208:
1156:
936:
872:
868:
701:
686:
480:
144:
44:
4018:– Alphabetical list of terms associated with the Lobbying industry
3368:
Alexander, Raquel Meyer; Mazza, Stephen W.; Scholz, Susan (2009).
1833:"Opening address at the 8th Global Conference on Health Promotion"
354:, illustrated the methods used in lobbying against public health:
4689:
4587:
3776:"UAE using role as Cop28 host to lobby on its climate reputation"
3016:"Indian government cuts down on US lobbying to lowest in 7 years"
1563:
1325:
1272:
1245:
politicians in the United States about its selection to host the
1050:
924:
867:
through business proxies. The authors document a significant pro-
528:
describes political lobbying as a "pathetic miserable industry".
208:
3751:"Trump Ally's UAE Lobbying Struck Heart of Democracy, U.S. Says"
2518:"Saudis, UAE Lobby Europeans to Restore Ties With Syria's Assad"
5339:
5017:
2206:
Caviar Diplomacy. How Azerbaijan silenced the Council of Europe
2103:"South Australian Lobbyist Code of Conduct and Public Register"
844:
614:
60:
4030:
Public Affairs News, November 2004, p. 34, Judgement Call
3322:
Lux, Sean; Crook, T. Russell; Woehr, David J. (January 2011).
2898:
2762:
203:
has shown that "lobbying" finds its roots in the gathering of
4977:
4637:
4462:
4211:
2747:"In Italia le lobby fanno fallire la legge sulla concorrenza"
2403:"Lobbying in the European Union: current rules and practices"
2167:
2051:. Government of Western Australia. 2011-07-20. Archived from
1671:
1637:"EU lobbyists face tougher regulation | Financial Times"
1250:
1246:
920:
783:
774:
599:
238:
The term "lobbying" also appeared in print as early as 1820:
143:
are controversial. Lobbying can, at times, be spoken of with
3623:"Foreign Lobbying Isn't Inherently Bad—Until There Are Lies"
3123:"Govt issues notification on committee to draft Lokpal Bill"
2136:
Victorian Public Sector Commissioner – Register of Lobbyists
856:
study indicates that true liberalization could grow Italy's
4622:
4237:
3486:"Quid Pro Quo? Corporate Returns to Campaign Contributions"
2199:
2132:"Questions and answers for Victorian Register of Lobbyists"
839:
754:
723:
550:
331:
5013:
Special Investigation Service of the Republic of Lithuania
3484:
Fowler, Anthony; Garro, Haritz; Spenkuch, Jörg L. (2020).
2796:
286:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
3532:"Wall Street spends record $ 2bn on US election lobbying"
2818:
https://ww.mef.gov.it/inevidenza/documenti/NADEF_2018.pdf
2636:"Europarat bemängelt Deutschlands Kampf gegen Korruption"
2542:"Pleins feux sur les lobbies dans l'UE (28 October 2009)"
2237:
1605:"NP Action - Lobbying Versus Advocacy: Legal Definitions"
1163:
thematized the influence of lobbyists in his book called
1057:
before and after parliamentary debates. The now-defunct
857:
778:
766:
197:
156:
5210:
International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities
2500:"Text adopted by EU Parliament on lobbying transparency"
139:
The ethics and morals involved with legally lobbying or
2380:(2. ed.). Brussels: Helios Media. pp. 11–18.
1756:"The Lobbying Game: Why the Revolving Door Won't Close"
813:
In Germany, lobbying has existed since 1956, when the
1086:, part of downtown Washington's maze of high-powered "
933:
Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry
925:
National Association of Software and Service Companies
262:
An 1891 cartoon about lobbying an American assemblyman
147:, when the implication is that people with inordinate
5292:
5007:
Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program
4966:
Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
937:
Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India
222:
in Washington, D.C., where it was supposedly used by
118:, for example amateur lobbyists such as a voter or a
4948:
Anti-corruption and Economic Malpractice Observatory
3875:"Lobbying interests in the structures of Kazakhstan"
3828:"President Zelensky Signs Law on Regulated Lobbying"
3367:
2610:"Kabinett beschließt Verhaltenskodex für Lobbyisten"
2564:"Le lobbying passe aussi par le web (12 March 2012)"
2074:"Register of Lobbyists : Register of Lobbyists"
5149:
Citizen's Charter and Grievance Redressal Bill 2011
3723:"The Emirati Lobby: How the UAE Wins in Washington"
3483:
1458:
1144:spent a record $ 2 billion trying to influence the
843:categories, such as hoteliers, called for a ban on
2451:
2449:
511:(former Lord Mayor of Brisbane and former federal
211:in the hallways ("lobbies") of the United Kingdom
30:"Lobbyist" redirects here. For the TV series, see
3995:Power. Man. Law. International Scientific Journal
3590:
3588:
3131:. New Delhi. Press Trust of India. 9 April 2011.
1171:Foreign-funded lobbying efforts include those of
462:, and that the trend could be traced back to the
181:is believed to originate from the medieval Latin
5352:
3930:The American Congress: The Building of Democracy
3279:"Government Lobbyists Are More Nimble Than Ever"
2922:Goyal, Malini; Sharma, Shantanu N (2012-06-03).
2263:Will IOG go for Baku's 'caviar diplomacy' ?
2174:Doward, Jamie; Latimer, Charlotte (2013-11-24).
2049:Public Sector Commission – Register of Lobbyists
1861:
47:, which lawfully attempts to directly influence
4162:Conflict of interest in the healthcare industry
3099:"20 Years of the Right to Information Movement"
3041:Kalra, Kaushiki Sanyal,Harsimran (2013-06-19).
2727:
2725:
2470:Green Paper on European Transparency Initiative
2446:
2244:Council of Europe plagued by 'caviar diplomacy'
2225:«Икорная дипломатия» Баку в сфере прав человека
2109:. Government of South Australia. Archived from
1817:. tom 8, nr 2: 79–101 – via Academia.edu.
1594:, TheCapitol.Net, 2008, LobbyingAndAdvocacy.com
565:A register of federal lobbyists is kept by the
218:One story held that the term originated at the
5117:Central Steering Committee for Anti-Corruption
4984:Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption
4915:UNCAC Coalition of Civil Society Organisations
3585:
2020:Department of the Prime Minister & Cabinet
1862:Dellmuth, Lisa Maria; Tallberg, Jonas (2017).
1117:, even despite the financial downturn. A 2011
777:for the revival of its collapsed economy. The
765:The European allies were being lobbied by the
531:
4478:
4452:Conflicts of interest on Knowledge (category)
4127:
2633:
2352:"EU standards for the regulation of lobbying"
2337:. 3rd Edition. University of Victoria Press.
2173:
1827:
1391:"Lobbying Versus Advocacy: Legal Definitions"
5220:United Nations Convention against Corruption
5200:Inter-American Convention Against Corruption
3853:"Нужно ли в Казахстане узаконить лоббистов?"
3804:. Knesset.gov.il. 1997-04-01. Archived from
3065:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2769:American Economic Journal: Applied Economics
2722:
2659:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2486:"EU Parliament to end secret lobby meetings"
1710:
1435:Democracy and lobbying in the European Union
967:in the country's multi-brand retail sector.
560:
89:legislative affairs (legislative assistance)
5258:Movement for Peace with Justice and Dignity
5093:Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission
4937:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission
4332:Sponsorship of continuing medical education
3977:EU standards for the regulation of lobbying
3315:
3291:
2921:
2813:Consiglio dei Ministri. (3 November 2022).
2733:"At a glance: Government lobbying in Italy"
2349:
2335:Global Corruption: Law, Theory and Practice
2138:. State Government of Victoria. 2014-06-20.
1808:
817:issued a ruling legalizing it. A mandatory
298:
27:Attempting to influence government official
5105:National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine
5001:Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau
4485:
4471:
4134:
4120:
3900:"In Korea, lobbying takes different forms"
1992:"Liberal lobbyists look to the good times"
1939:
1711:Lapira, Timothy; Thomas, Herschel (2017).
291:Lobbyists may use a legal device known as
3850:
3569:"Lobbying by Foreign Countries Decreases"
3401:
3391:
3381:
2780:
2434:Petrillo, Pier Luigi (21 February 2013).
1649:
1521:
1480:
321:The lobbying industry is affected by the
67:serving their own business interests; by
5035:Independent Corrupt Practices Commission
4141:
3951:
2515:
2433:
1957:
1901:
1538:
1155:
1146:2016 United States presidential election
1074:
680:
598:
257:
114:. Lobbyists may be among a legislator's
5077:Sierra Leone Anti-corruption Commission
4942:Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh)
4064:Internationale Politik und Gesellschaft
3825:
3620:
3153:
2967:"Assocham seeks wage support for MSMEs"
2855:
2853:
2607:
2022:. Australian Government. Archived from
1989:
1857:
1855:
1503:
1239:
689:, in front of the main entrance of the
14:
5353:
5165:Freedom of information laws by country
5082:Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau
4370:R v Sussex Justices, ex parte McCarthy
4056:Heiko Kretschmer/ Hans-Jörg Schmedes:
3285:
2964:
2400:
2375:
2281:
2151:"Who plays the lobby game in Tasmania"
1753:
1652:"Lobbying – The Canadian Encyclopedia"
632:, which involved the name of a senior
418:
5029:Anti-Corruption Commission of Myanmar
4971:Commission Against Corruption (Macau)
4900:International Anti-Corruption Academy
4466:
4115:
3594:
3566:
3040:
2989:
2758:
2756:
2475:, 2006. Retrieved September 20, 2009
2371:
2369:
2282:Rankin, Jennifer (14 December 2022).
2148:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1953:
1951:
1024:after leaving government employment.
743:Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal
705:international organizations (5%) and
544:, has former West Australian premier
346:In 2013, the director general of the
5248:2012 Indian anti-corruption movement
5243:2011 Indian anti-corruption movement
5024:Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission
4954:National Anti-Corruption Observatory
3952:Petrillo, P. L. (21 February 2013).
3646:
3595:Meyer, Theodoric (24 January 2021).
3294:"The outsized returns from lobbying"
2850:
2561:
1852:
1780:
1747:
1510:Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica
1431:
375:
274:about possible influences by public
5170:The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013
5065:National Anticorruption Directorate
5059:Anti-Corruption General Directorate
4307:Pharmaceutical sales representative
4097:"Police loans inquiry is widenened"
3450:
2107:Department of Premier & Cabinet
1990:Grattan, Michelle (10 April 2013).
1452:
1309:List of basic public affairs topics
1206:(FARA). Unofficially, according to
1151:
749:Eventually, on 31 January 2019 the
24:
4895:Group of States Against Corruption
4167:Conflicts of interest on Knowledge
3863:from the original on Oct 12, 2023.
3567:Knott, Alex (September 14, 2011).
3428:. 11 February 2016. Archived from
3135:from the original on 29 April 2011
2965:Mishra, Asit Ranjan (2021-06-02).
2753:
2702:
2366:
1976:
1948:
25:
5392:
5071:Investigative Committee of Russia
4099:. London: BBC News. 30 March 2006
3979:. Prawa Człowieka. nr 18: 97–108.
3851:Трубачева, Татьяна (2 May 2018).
3659:from the original on Feb 6, 2024.
3621:Elliott, Philip (July 21, 2021).
2442:from the original on Oct 8, 2023.
1754:Burger, Timothy J. (2006-02-16).
1504:Higashi, Alejandro (2012-07-01).
1033:
670:
411:In pre-modern political systems,
51:or government officials, such as
5338:
5326:
5314:
5302:
5263:Russian anti-corruption campaign
5253:Anti-austerity movement in Spain
5160:Foreign Extortion Prevention Act
4447:
4446:
4437:
4436:
3982:Nesterovych, Volodymyr (2010). "
3892:
3292:Brad Plumer (October 10, 2011).
3154:Espiner, Guyon (25 March 2023).
2875:Lobby în Romania vs. Lobby în UE
2830:"Gentile Presidente Capacchione"
1809:Nesterovych, Volodyymyr (2016).
1064:
1053:in the hallways (or lobbies) of
929:Confederation of Indian Industry
591:This section is an excerpt from
454:ministers had become lobbyists:
446:Academic John Warhurst from the
379:
5099:Servicio de Vigilancia Aduanera
4960:National Supervisory Commission
4442:Conflict of interest (category)
4084:. London: BBC. 22 December 2005
3920:
3867:
3844:
3819:
3794:
3768:
3743:
3730:Center for International Policy
3715:
3689:
3663:
3640:
3614:
3560:
3542:
3524:
3477:
3463:
3444:
3418:
3361:
3271:
3246:
3221:
3197:
3172:
3147:
3091:
3073:
3034:
3008:
2983:
2958:
2934:
2915:
2891:
2867:
2822:
2807:
2797:"American Economic Association"
2789:
2739:
2696:
2667:
2627:
2601:
2577:
2555:
2534:
2509:
2492:
2478:
2463:
2427:
2415:from the original on 2006-11-17
2394:
2350:Nesterovych, Volodymyr (2015).
2343:
2327:
2301:
2275:
2218:
2188:from the original on 2015-07-05
2142:
2124:
2095:
2066:
2037:
2008:
1933:
1894:
1821:
1802:
1704:
1665:
1643:
1629:
1615:
1574:"A Lobbyist by Any Other Name?"
1204:Foreign Agents Registration Act
1102:. Some lobbyists are now using
709:(1%), (Lehmann, 2003, pp iii).
5047:Investigation Task Force Sweep
5041:National Accountability Bureau
4513:Corruption in local government
4501:Corruption in different fields
4492:
3043:"A case for lobbying in India"
2990:Kumar, Akanksha (2018-02-02).
1717:. University Press of Kansas.
1597:
1584:
1497:
1425:
1408:
1383:
1351:Exit, Voice, and Loyalty Model
1040:Lobbying in the United Kingdom
997:
976:Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan
957:India-US civilian nuclear deal
448:Australian National University
73:non-governmental organizations
13:
1:
5155:Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
5053:Central Anticorruption Bureau
3826:Cheplyk, Roman (2024-03-12).
2634:AFP, dpa, tst (10 May 2021).
2516:Adghirni, Samy (2023-06-15).
1958:Warhurst, John (2013-03-13).
1788:"Revolving Door: Methodology"
1438:. Campus Verlag. p. 10.
1377:
1298:are relevant to NGO lobbying.
1219:In January 2017, an order by
1071:Lobbying in the United States
980:2005 Right to Information Act
736:Bank of America Merrill Lynch
585:
434:Since the 1980s, lobbying in
5215:OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
5205:International asset recovery
4989:Central Vigilance Commission
4544:Corruption Perceptions Index
4416:Who Killed the Electric Car?
2309:"Frequently asked questions"
1546:"BBC Definition of lobbying"
1131:Kellogg School of Management
947:cases, for example the 2010
815:Federal Constitutional Court
423:
177:That architectural sense of
172:
134:
7:
5273:2017–2019 Romanian protests
3374:Journal of Law and Politics
1940:Fitzgerald, Julian (2006).
1654:. Encyclopediecanadienne.ca
1393:. NP Action. Archived from
1302:
854:International Monetary Fund
532:Supermarket sector lobbying
524:of campaign advisory group
495:, who is married to former
430:Lobbying in South Australia
253:
192:In a report carried by the
10:
5397:
5278:2017–2018 Russian protests
4910:Transparency International
4885:Global Financial Integrity
2544:. Ec.europa.eu. 2009-10-28
2149:Smith, Matt (2016-10-22).
1674:"Revolving Door Lobbyists"
1623:"U.S. Senate: Definitions"
1306:
1080:K Street NW at 19th Street
1068:
1037:
1028:Transparency International
891:
806:
802:
715:Transparency International
674:
659:
621:
609:is a lobbying strategy of
590:
427:
371:
341:
224:President Ulysses S. Grant
29:
5238:2011 Azerbaijani protests
5228:
5188:
5139:
5130:
4923:
4877:
4868:
4823:
4725:
4715:Offshore financial centre
4566:
4557:
4536:
4518:Interest group corruption
4500:
4432:
4379:
4340:
4220:
4182:Judicial disqualification
4149:
4012:, Helios Media GmbH, 2006
3933:(Houghton Mifflin. 2004)
3258:UK Public Affairs Council
3180:"New Zealand Legislation"
2078:lobbyists.dpac.tas.gov.au
2016:"Who is on the register?"
1841:World Health Organization
1366:Outline of public affairs
1138:for individual managers.
1059:UK Public Affairs Council
965:foreign direct investment
789:
655:
561:Public lobbyist registers
441:Urban Taskforce Australia
348:World Health Organization
5180:Whistleblower protection
4668:Cryptocurrency and crime
4302:Pharmaceutical marketing
3927:Zelizer, Julian E., ed.
3802:"Lobbies in the Knesset"
3647:Fang, Lee (2017-05-19).
3340:10.1177/0149206310392233
3281:. Fortune. 13 June 2016.
2608:als/dpa (16 June 2021).
2401:Lehman, Wilhelm (2003).
2376:Geiger, Andreas (2012).
1960:"Shopping for influence"
1880:10.1177/0032321716684356
1678:American Economic Review
1523:10.24201/nrfh.v60i2.1062
1257:
988:anti-corruption campaign
978:'s campaign to pass the
914:
828:
361:industry-funded research
4549:Economics of corruption
4349:Nemo iudex in causa sua
3490:The Journal of Politics
1432:Karr, Karolina (2007).
1224:governments during the
850:economic liberalization
677:European Union lobbying
128:Nonprofit organizations
112:public affairs industry
5175:UK Bribery Act of 2010
4931:Oficina Anticorrupción
4680:Noble cause corruption
4537:Measures of corruption
4233:Arm's length principle
3975:Nesterovych V. (2015)
3451:Doering, Christopher.
2253:// EURACTIV 23 03 2017
1928:Scottish Royal Burghs.
1690:10.1257/aer.102.7.3731
1346:European Women's Lobby
1276:: Ukrainian President
1168:
1095:
974:campaigns include the
762:"-database of the EU.
693:
604:
366:
263:
251:
5376:Political terminology
4905:Mo Ibrahim Foundation
4685:Professional courtesy
4648:Honest services fraud
4053:. February 2006 (PDF)
3328:Journal of Management
3254:"Lobbying Definition"
2837:www.mondobalneare.com
2234:// RFE/RL, 12.11.2013
1159:
1078:
1047:Members of Parliament
760:Transparency Register
684:
602:
567:Australian Government
501:Natasha Stott-Despoja
428:Further information:
356:
261:
240:
205:Members of Parliament
4869:Institutions dealing
4603:Conflict of interest
4528:Political corruption
4143:Conflict of interest
3904:Korea JoongAng Daily
3383:10.2139/ssrn.1375082
2782:10.1257/app.20150042
2378:EU lobbying handbook
2045:"About the Register"
1461:The Economic Journal
1371:Pharmaceutical lobby
1240:United Arab Emirates
1123:return on investment
1055:Houses of Parliament
642:Abdulhadi al-Khawaja
497:Australian Democrats
270:and by establishing
268:political corruption
229:Grant Administration
213:Houses of Parliament
162:conflict of interest
100:government relations
4710:Offshore investment
4292:Medical ghostwriter
4073:1/ 2010, S. 112–122
3473:. 5 September 2017.
3299:The Washington Post
2903:registruldelobby.ro
2863:. 14 November 2022.
2709:Deutscher Bundestag
2473:European Commission
2215:// ESI, 24 May 2012
1580:. January 22, 2006.
1321:Advocacy Evaluation
972:grassroots lobbying
809:Lobbying in Germany
751:European Parliament
741:In the wake of the
719:European Parliament
691:European Parliament
419:Lobbying by country
308:friend of the court
149:socioeconomic power
53:regulatory agencies
5111:Warioba Commission
5049:(Papua New Guinea)
4793:Regulatory capture
4598:Commercial bribery
4192:Regulatory capture
4082:BBC News: Politics
4069:2021-03-14 at the
3989:2020-08-03 at the
3782:. 16 November 2022
3020:The Economic Times
2946:tobaccotactics.org
2928:The Economic Times
2597:on March 25, 2009.
2488:. 31 January 2019.
2459:. 31 January 2017.
2438:. Apertacontrada.
2268:2017-08-07 at the
2249:2017-07-30 at the
2230:2016-03-04 at the
2211:2017-09-11 at the
1964:The Canberra Times
1473:10.1093/ej/ueae020
1467:(662): 2290–2320.
1356:Issue advocacy ads
1341:Fossil fuels lobby
1278:Volodymyr Zelensky
1200:Justice Department
1169:
1096:
694:
662:Lobbying in Canada
605:
509:Sallyanne Atkinson
391:. You can help by
264:
167:democratic deficit
141:influence peddling
104:government affairs
5381:Right to petition
5290:
5289:
5286:
5285:
5126:
5125:
4864:
4863:
4841:Election security
4788:Political scandal
4523:Police corruption
4460:
4459:
4312:Pharmacovigilance
3970:978-3-527-50597-5
3946:978-3-527-50865-5
3857:Forbes Kazakhstan
3703:. 20 January 2021
3677:. 29 January 2017
2884:978-606-8202-46-4
2387:978-1-4751-1749-3
1868:Political Studies
1732:978-0-7006-2451-5
1723:10.1353/book52376
1226:2016 US elections
1136:consumption value
1129:A study from the
1088:K Street lobbyist
990:to introduce the
865:Silvio Berlusconi
823:Council of Europe
452:Howard government
409:
408:
16:(Redirected from
5388:
5366:Activism by type
5343:
5342:
5331:
5330:
5319:
5318:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5298:
5137:
5136:
4875:
4874:
4856:Vote suppression
4743:Crony capitalism
4673:Hawala and crime
4663:Money laundering
4643:Graft (politics)
4623:Confidence trick
4564:
4563:
4558:Forms or aspects
4487:
4480:
4473:
4464:
4463:
4450:
4449:
4440:
4439:
4423:Taken for a Ride
4317:Political ethics
4265:Follow the money
4136:
4129:
4122:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4092:
4090:
4089:
3972:, Wiley VCH 2011
3961:
3948:, Wiley VCH 2016
3915:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3877:. Archived from
3871:
3865:
3864:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3832:GTInvest Ukraine
3823:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3727:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3592:
3583:
3582:
3581:on Aug 13, 2018.
3577:. Archived from
3564:
3558:
3557:
3556:. March 8, 2017.
3546:
3540:
3539:
3538:. March 8, 2017.
3528:
3522:
3521:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3432:on 25 March 2017
3422:
3416:
3415:
3405:
3395:
3385:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3306:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3209:Transparency.org
3201:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3182:. Archived from
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3064:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2857:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2834:
2826:
2820:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2760:
2751:
2750:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2729:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2703:Müller, Volker.
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2681:. Archived from
2671:
2665:
2664:
2658:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2590:. Archived from
2589:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2482:
2476:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2453:
2444:
2443:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2414:
2407:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2373:
2364:
2363:
2347:
2341:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2279:
2273:
2260:
2254:
2241:
2235:
2222:
2216:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2080:. Archived from
2070:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1996:The Conversation
1987:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1859:
1850:
1848:
1843:. Archived from
1831:(10 June 2013).
1825:
1819:
1818:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1794:. Archived from
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1684:(7): 3731–3748.
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1607:. Archived from
1601:
1595:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1570:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1525:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1484:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1429:
1423:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1387:
1331:Campaign finance
1165:The Israel Lobby
1161:John Mearsheimer
1152:Foreign lobbying
1094:office buildings
1084:Washington, D.C.
992:2011 Lokpal Bill
638:Tomáš Zdechovský
607:Caviar diplomacy
593:Caviar diplomacy
464:Hawke Government
456:Alexander Downer
404:
401:
383:
376:
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
249:
77:voluntary sector
21:
5396:
5395:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5385:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5337:
5325:
5313:
5303:
5301:
5293:
5291:
5282:
5230:
5224:
5192:
5190:
5184:
5141:
5132:Anti-corruption
5122:
4919:
4871:with corruption
4870:
4860:
4836:Electoral fraud
4831:Ballot stuffing
4819:
4721:
4559:
4553:
4532:
4508:Corporate crime
4496:
4491:
4461:
4456:
4428:
4375:
4336:
4243:Business ethics
4216:
4202:Self-regulation
4177:Insider trading
4145:
4140:
4110:
4102:
4100:
4095:
4087:
4085:
4076:
4071:Wayback Machine
3991:Wayback Machine
3923:
3918:
3909:
3907:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3884:
3882:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3849:
3845:
3836:
3834:
3824:
3820:
3811:
3809:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3785:
3783:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3759:
3757:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3734:
3732:
3725:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3706:
3704:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3680:
3678:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3645:
3641:
3631:
3629:
3619:
3615:
3605:
3603:
3593:
3586:
3565:
3561:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3536:Financial Times
3530:
3529:
3525:
3482:
3478:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3449:
3445:
3435:
3433:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3366:
3362:
3352:
3350:
3320:
3316:
3304:
3302:
3290:
3286:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3262:
3260:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3237:
3235:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3213:
3211:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3189:
3187:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3164:
3162:
3160:RadioNewZealand
3152:
3148:
3138:
3136:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3107:
3105:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3058:
3057:
3051:
3049:
3039:
3035:
3025:
3023:
3022:. July 30, 2017
3014:
3013:
3009:
3000:
2998:
2988:
2984:
2975:
2973:
2963:
2959:
2950:
2948:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2920:
2916:
2907:
2905:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2885:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2859:
2858:
2851:
2841:
2839:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2812:
2808:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2761:
2754:
2749:. 9 March 2016.
2745:
2744:
2740:
2735:. 7 April 2021.
2731:
2730:
2723:
2714:
2712:
2701:
2697:
2688:
2686:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2652:
2651:
2644:
2642:
2632:
2628:
2618:
2616:
2606:
2602:
2594:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2569:
2567:
2560:
2556:
2547:
2545:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2526:
2524:
2514:
2510:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2468:
2464:
2455:
2454:
2447:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2405:
2399:
2395:
2388:
2374:
2367:
2356:Prawa Człowieka
2348:
2344:
2332:
2328:
2318:
2316:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2292:
2290:
2280:
2276:
2270:Wayback Machine
2261:
2257:
2251:Wayback Machine
2242:
2238:
2232:Wayback Machine
2223:
2219:
2213:Wayback Machine
2204:
2200:
2191:
2189:
2172:
2168:
2159:
2157:
2147:
2143:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2116:
2114:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2087:
2085:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2058:
2056:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2029:
2027:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2000:
1998:
1988:
1977:
1968:
1966:
1956:
1949:
1938:
1934:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1899:
1895:
1860:
1853:
1847:on 3 July 2019.
1826:
1822:
1807:
1803:
1792:Opensecrets.org
1786:
1785:
1781:
1772:
1770:
1752:
1748:
1733:
1709:
1705:
1670:
1666:
1657:
1655:
1650:A. Paul Pross.
1648:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1589:
1585:
1572:
1571:
1564:
1555:
1553:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1502:
1498:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1430:
1426:
1413:
1409:
1400:
1398:
1397:on 2 April 2010
1389:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1336:Client politics
1311:
1305:
1260:
1242:
1154:
1073:
1067:
1042:
1036:
1000:
917:
894:
831:
811:
805:
792:
679:
673:
664:
658:
624:
619:
618:
603:A box of caviar
596:
588:
572:South Australia
563:
534:
432:
426:
421:
405:
399:
396:
389:needs expansion
374:
344:
310:
307:
304:
301:
276:lobby registers
256:
250:
247:
175:
137:
81:advocacy groups
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5394:
5384:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5348:
5347:
5335:
5323:
5311:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5234:
5232:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5196:
5194:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5145:
5143:
5134:
5128:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5114:
5108:
5102:
5096:
5090:
5085:
5079:
5074:
5068:
5062:
5056:
5050:
5044:
5038:
5032:
5026:
5021:
5015:
5010:
5004:
4998:
4992:
4986:
4981:
4975:
4974:
4973:
4968:
4957:
4951:
4945:
4939:
4934:
4927:
4925:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4890:Global Witness
4887:
4881:
4879:
4872:
4866:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4846:Gerrymandering
4843:
4838:
4833:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4806:
4805:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4763:Ghost soldiers
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4670:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4576:
4570:
4568:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4546:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4490:
4489:
4482:
4475:
4467:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4444:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4419:
4412:
4405:
4398:
4391:
4383:
4381:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4366:
4359:
4352:
4344:
4342:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4327:Revolving door
4324:
4322:Political bias
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4280:Medical ethics
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4146:
4139:
4138:
4131:
4124:
4116:
4109:
4108:
4093:
4074:
4054:
4051:Accountability
4046:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4013:
4002:
3980:
3973:
3962:
3958:Apertacontrada
3949:
3938:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3891:
3866:
3843:
3818:
3793:
3767:
3742:
3714:
3688:
3662:
3639:
3613:
3584:
3559:
3541:
3523:
3502:10.1086/707307
3496:(3): 844–858.
3476:
3462:
3443:
3417:
3360:
3334:(1): 223–247.
3314:
3284:
3270:
3245:
3220:
3196:
3171:
3146:
3114:
3090:
3072:
3033:
3007:
2982:
2957:
2933:
2914:
2890:
2883:
2866:
2849:
2821:
2806:
2801:www.aeaweb.org
2788:
2775:(1): 224–256.
2752:
2738:
2721:
2695:
2666:
2626:
2600:
2576:
2554:
2533:
2508:
2491:
2477:
2462:
2445:
2426:
2393:
2386:
2365:
2342:
2326:
2315:on May 3, 2019
2300:
2274:
2255:
2236:
2217:
2198:
2166:
2141:
2123:
2094:
2065:
2036:
2007:
1975:
1947:
1932:
1914:
1893:
1874:(3): 705–723.
1851:
1820:
1801:
1798:on 2007-12-25.
1779:
1746:
1731:
1703:
1664:
1642:
1628:
1614:
1611:on 2010-04-02.
1596:
1583:
1562:
1537:
1496:
1451:
1444:
1424:
1407:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1307:Main article:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1296:United Nations
1293:
1287:
1281:
1269:
1259:
1256:
1241:
1238:
1234:Elliott Broidy
1153:
1150:
1069:Main article:
1066:
1063:
1038:Main article:
1035:
1034:United Kingdom
1032:
1010:Jacinda Ardern
999:
996:
916:
913:
893:
890:
830:
827:
819:lobby register
807:Main article:
804:
801:
796:European Union
791:
788:
675:Main article:
672:
671:European Union
669:
660:Main article:
657:
654:
623:
620:
597:
589:
587:
584:
562:
559:
546:Alan Carpenter
533:
530:
460:Peter Costello
425:
422:
420:
417:
407:
406:
386:
384:
373:
370:
343:
340:
323:revolving door
255:
252:
245:
174:
171:
136:
133:
120:bloc of voters
116:constituencies
65:private sector
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5393:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5371:Political law
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5310:
5300:
5299:
5296:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5227:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5189:International
5187:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5129:
5118:
5115:
5112:
5109:
5106:
5103:
5100:
5097:
5095:(South Korea)
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5063:
5060:
5057:
5054:
5051:
5048:
5045:
5042:
5039:
5036:
5033:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5008:
5005:
5002:
4999:
4996:
4993:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4979:
4976:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4922:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4878:International
4876:
4873:
4867:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4810:State capture
4808:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4753:Elite capture
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4562:
4560:of corruption
4556:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4535:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4488:
4483:
4481:
4476:
4474:
4469:
4468:
4465:
4453:
4445:
4443:
4435:
4434:
4431:
4425:
4424:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4378:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4339:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4207:State capture
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4137:
4132:
4130:
4125:
4123:
4118:
4117:
4114:
4098:
4094:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4072:
4068:
4065:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4052:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4010:3-9811316-0-6
4007:
4003:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3950:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3925:
3905:
3901:
3895:
3881:on 2020-08-03
3880:
3876:
3870:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3847:
3833:
3829:
3822:
3808:on 2013-10-12
3807:
3803:
3797:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3756:
3752:
3746:
3731:
3724:
3718:
3702:
3698:
3692:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3658:
3654:
3653:The Intercept
3650:
3643:
3628:
3624:
3617:
3602:
3598:
3591:
3589:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3563:
3555:
3551:
3545:
3537:
3533:
3527:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3480:
3472:
3466:
3458:
3454:
3447:
3431:
3427:
3421:
3413:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3364:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3288:
3280:
3274:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3186:on 2015-04-02
3185:
3181:
3175:
3161:
3157:
3150:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3086:
3082:
3076:
3068:
3062:
3048:
3044:
3037:
3021:
3017:
3011:
2997:
2993:
2986:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2947:
2943:
2937:
2929:
2925:
2918:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2886:
2880:
2876:
2870:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2838:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2816:
2810:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2759:
2757:
2748:
2742:
2734:
2728:
2726:
2710:
2706:
2699:
2685:on 2023-07-25
2684:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2662:
2656:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2615:
2611:
2604:
2593:
2586:
2580:
2565:
2558:
2543:
2537:
2523:
2519:
2512:
2501:
2495:
2487:
2481:
2474:
2471:
2466:
2458:
2452:
2450:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2419:September 14,
2411:
2404:
2397:
2389:
2383:
2379:
2372:
2370:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2346:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2289:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2259:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2221:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2202:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2170:
2156:
2152:
2145:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2113:on 2015-04-11
2112:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2084:on 2015-07-03
2083:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2055:on 2015-02-28
2054:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2026:on 2018-12-01
2025:
2021:
2017:
2011:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1965:
1961:
1954:
1952:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1917:
1915:9780313308352
1911:
1907:
1906:
1900:For example:
1897:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1856:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1829:Margaret Chan
1824:
1816:
1815:Krytyka Prawa
1812:
1805:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1707:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1653:
1646:
1638:
1632:
1624:
1618:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1593:
1587:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1455:
1447:
1445:9783593384122
1441:
1437:
1436:
1428:
1421:
1420:1-4387-0226-4
1417:
1411:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1230:Paul Manafort
1227:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1119:meta-analysis
1116:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1065:United States
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1014:Chris Hipkins
1011:
1006:
995:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
968:
966:
960:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
912:
908:
905:
901:
897:
889:
885:
881:
877:
874:
870:
866:
861:
859:
855:
851:
846:
841:
835:
826:
824:
820:
816:
810:
800:
797:
787:
785:
780:
776:
772:
768:
763:
761:
756:
752:
747:
744:
739:
737:
733:
732:Goldman Sachs
729:
728:ArcelorMittal
725:
720:
716:
710:
708:
703:
698:
692:
688:
683:
678:
668:
663:
653:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
630:
616:
612:
608:
601:
594:
583:
580:
577:
573:
568:
558:
556:
552:
547:
543:
539:
529:
527:
526:Crosby Textor
523:
517:
514:
513:Liberal Party
510:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
444:
442:
437:
431:
416:
414:
403:
400:November 2018
394:
390:
387:This section
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4944:(Bangladesh)
4851:Vote pairing
4803:Rent-setting
4798:Rent-seeking
4758:Failed state
4658:Match fixing
4628:Embezzlement
4607:Corporation
4579:Black market
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4409:Side Effects
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4197:Self-dealing
4172:Funding bias
4157:Chinese wall
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4815:State crime
4773:Mafia state
4768:Kleptocracy
4733:Clientelism
4700:Tax evasion
4583:Grey market
3786:16 November
3085:www.hbs.edu
3026:January 17,
2711:(in German)
2679:www.zeit.de
2293:14 December
1921:22 November
1837:www.who.int
1142:Wall Street
1111:S&P 500
1005:Kris Faafoi
998:New Zealand
984:Anna Hazare
970:Successful
953:Niira Radia
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707:think tanks
522:Mark Textor
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69:non-profits
49:legislators
35:(TV series)
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5113:(Tanzania)
5043:(Pakistan)
4956:(Cameroon)
4783:Plutocracy
4738:Coronelism
4695:Slush fund
4494:Corruption
4402:Inside Job
4395:Big Pharma
4388:Bad Pharma
4253:Corruption
4103:2007-01-30
4088:2007-01-30
4078:"Lobbying"
3910:2023-02-26
3885:2019-05-27
3837:2024-03-12
3812:2013-06-20
3707:20 January
3681:29 January
3606:24 January
3393:1808/11410
3305:2012-01-13
3229:"Lobbying"
3214:2023-03-28
3190:2015-03-04
3165:2023-03-28
3108:2023-07-02
3052:2023-07-02
3001:2023-07-02
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2908:2021-11-05
2842:14 October
2715:2023-07-24
2689:2023-07-24
2570:2013-06-20
2566:. Dsmw.org
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2548:2013-06-20
2527:2023-06-27
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2192:2020-10-21
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1773:2023-09-01
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1556:2013-06-20
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542:Wesfarmers
468:Mick Young
327:industries
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5119:(Vietnam)
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5067:(Romania)
5061:(Romania)
5037:(Nigeria)
5031:(Myanmar)
5009:(Liberia)
4980:(Croatia)
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4824:Elections
4705:Tax haven
4633:Extortion
4593:Collusion
4574:Baksheesh
4228:AllTrials
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3735:1 October
3574:Roll Call
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4962:(China)
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4991:(India)
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