338:
515:
53:
646:
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346:
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419:
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interest in political affairs and this is an issue of discontent in
Brussels". King Leopold did in fact, with time, ask for her opinions in state affairs, and she is known to have given him advice in diplomatic issues. Eventually, the king's confidence in her ability grew to an extent that he suggested to the government that Queen Louise should be made official regent when he was absent from the country. His suggestion was however met with such unanimous opposition that he was forced to retract his plans.
576:
427:
sparsely, and he did not create a public role for Louise as queen. Queen Louise was rarely seen in public and her life centered around the supervision of her children's upbringing, correspondence with her birth family in France, and religious devotion with her private confessor Pierre de
Coninck, with whom she had a close relationship. Louise was given four ladies-in-waiting as companions: the
379:
and spouse, and was thus seen as suitable. Louise's mother disliked the marriage because
Leopold was a Protestant, but since Louise's father was a new monarch and his position weak in the eyes of other monarchs, the marriage was considered favorable for the new French Orléans dynasty, as it might then become easier for Louise's siblings to marry members of established dynasties.
451:
from her ladies-in-waiting without telling her husband. She also received such applications from France and often answered them if her secretary informed her that they were genuine. She was a supporter of the lace making business, which was in a period of decline in the 1830s but was greatly helped by her financial support of a lace making school.
410:, whom he settled in a house near the palace in Brussels. Louise's health, which was weakened by childbirth as well as the misfortunes of her family in France, caused the sympathies of the public to be with Louise against Leopold in this matter, and the carriage of his mistress was bombarded with filth on the street.
383:
Described as a devoted wife and loving mother, she was of a shy nature, and as her husband preferred that she live a quiet family life, she was not given much opportunity to overcome her shyness. She was devoted to the upbringing of her children, and it was noted that she entertained
Leopold by reading for him from
378:
The marriage had been suggested already when
Leopold was considered for the throne of Greece, and was repeated when he was elected king of the Belgians instead of Louise's brother the duke of Nemours. The marriage created an alliance between two newly elected and less established monarchs, her father
469:
Despite the fact that Queen Louise was a shy personality who was rarely seen in public, she was a person with a strong will and many opinions in private. She was known to have a great interest in political issues, and the contemporary German press once claimed that the
Belgian queen "has an extreme
382:
While the marriage was arranged against Louise's will, and she was unhappy to leave France and her family, Leopold was very careful to treat her with consideration and respect from the beginning, which was appreciated by Louise, and soon their relationship came to be described as a harmonious one.
450:
Every morning, Queen Louise received reports from her ladies-in-waiting of people asking her for financial assistance. She then personally visited their homes to bring them comfort and financial aid. Sometimes Queen Louise did not have enough money for her charitable works and then borrowed money
426:
Queen Louise was described as a shy and introverted personality with weak health. Belgium was a newly independent monarchy, and there was yet no established tradition about what the role of a queen consort should look like. King
Leopold's view was that public royal representation was to be used
447:, but gradually the Belgian aristocracy started to attend the royal receptions. The guests of the royal receptions were almost the only people Louise met in Belgium. Among this small circle, Louise gradually became somewhat less shy and appeared to enjoy the masquerade balls.
261:
438:
While the king seldom engaged himself and even more rarely Louise in public representation, he did however regularly arrange private royal representation in the form of receptions, balls and state banquets for the aristocracy in the royal
477:
of 1848. She visited her exiled parents in
England in October that same year. The revolution in France made the Belgian king and queen more popular in Belgium, and they toured the Belgian provinces to great acclaim.
458:, where she took riding trips, bathed in the sea and walked along the beach, collecting seashells. She was seldom permitted to make trips abroad. Leopold did not bring her on his visit to the baptism of
288:. Louise rarely participated in public representation, but acted as the political adviser of her spouse. Her large correspondence is a valuable historical source of the period and has been published.
2023:
1693:
2016:
645:
2046:
1943:
2009:
466:
of Great
Britain. In 1844, she celebrated her birthday with Queen Victoria at Buckingham Palace, and she was also present at the state visit to London in 1847.
1686:
2551:
659:
623:
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in London in 1841, despite her wish to accompany him. He did bring her to Paris to visit her parents in 1841, as well as to Brühl in 1843, where she met
1618:
1608:
1521:
1437:
318:, to whom she was very close. She was given a strict religious upbringing by her aunt. She also learned to speak English, German, Dutch and Italian.
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1679:
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King
Leopold eventually allowed Louise to make her own trips around Belgium, and her favorite place became the Flemish coastal towns, particularly
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122:
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502:. Her body was brought to Laeken, and a memorial was erected in Oostende. She is buried beside her husband in the Royal Crypt of the
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1816:
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After the birth of their last child in 1840, Leopold and Louise often spent their free time separately: while Leopold visited the
2541:
2243:
2188:
1536:
534:
435:, Baroness Caroline du Mas Goswin de Stassart, Baroness Caroline de Wal Masbourg Emmanuel d'Hooghvorst, and Countess Zoé Vilain.
181:
1188:
Hippolyte d'Ursel, Lettres intimes de Louise d'Orléans : Première reine des Belges, Paris, Éditions Jourdan, 2015, 286 p. (
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443:. During the first years of his reign, most of the guests were British, as the Belgian nobility were still largely loyal to the
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1836:
1768:
30:
This article is about the consort of Leopold I, King of the Belgians. For the daughter of Prince Philippe, Count of Paris, see
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from their marriage on 9 August 1832 until her death in 1850. She was the second child and eldest daughter of the French king
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546:
191:
52:
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1334:
1316:
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1856:
883:
305:
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186:
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1205:
Georges van den Abeelen, Portraits de rois : 150 ans de monarchie constitutionnelle, Bruxelles, 1981, p. 44.
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361:
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1846:
1392:
1067:
556:
67:
2160:
1964:
1644:
1577:
1474:
31:
503:
196:
133:
2226:
1887:
1841:
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2566:
2253:
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763:
1712:
1613:
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2302:
2145:
2088:
2032:
1407:
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627:
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239:
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518:
Louise, Queen of the Belgians with her son Leopold, Duke of Brabant, later Leopold II of the Belgians
474:
365:
345:
1758:
550:
459:
273:
58:
2001:
1938:
1232:
406:, Louise preferred to take her vacations in Oostende. From 1844, Leopold had a relationship with
357:. Her position thus changed and her status was raised to that of the eldest daughter of a king.
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2200:
1902:
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1005:
1541:
272:(Louise-Marie Thérèse Charlotte Isabelle; 3 April 1812 – 11 October 1850) was the first
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Queen Louise was given public sympathy in Belgium when her parents were deposed during the
146:
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8:
1379:
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322:
229:
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1249:[Portuguese Honours awarded to Princes of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha].
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1330:
1312:
1189:
428:
173:
102:
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1223:
Carlo Bronne, Léopold Ier et son Temps, Bruxelles, Goemaere, 1947, 399 p., p. 163.
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Carlo Bronne, Léopold Ier et son Temps, Bruxelles, Goemaere, 1947, 399 p., p. 163.
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The Marriage of King Leopold I of the Belgians to Princess Louise of Orléans
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Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
431:, Countess Louise-Jeanne de Thezan du Poujol de Merode, and the three
300:, Sicily, on 3 April 1812, she was the eldest daughter of the future
1246:
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on 11 October 1850. Her death was confirmed in record by ministers
2031:
1247:"Agraciamentos Portugueses Aos Príncipes da Casa Saxe-Coburgo-Gota"
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education thanks to the part played by her mother and her aunt,
491:
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118:
368:. Leopold had been widowed after the death of his first wife,
619:
392:
34:. For the daughter of Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Alençon, see
374:
he and Louise had both a Catholic and a Calvinist ceremony.
372:, in childbirth in 1817. Since Leopold was a Protestant,
2335:
princess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld by marriage until 1826
1893:
Marie Anne Éléonore, Abbess of Saint-Antoine-des-Champs
1619:
Marie Louise, Princess Philip of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
1609:
Françoise, Princess Christopher of Greece and Denmark
549:(24 March 1837 – 17 November 1905), whose son became
360:
On 9 August 1832, the twenty-year-old Louise married
2047:
Princess Maria Antonia Koháry of Csábrág and Szitnya
1501:
Clémentine, Princess August of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1277:"Real orden de damas nobles de la Reina Maria Luisa"
349:Drawing of the family of King Leopold I of Belgium
1872:Louise Adélaïde, Mademoiselle de La Roche-sur-Yon
2483:
1837:Philippine Élisabeth, Mademoiselle de Beaujolais
1281:Calendario Manual y Guía de Forasteros en Madrid
522:Louise and Leopold had four children, including
2292:María del Rosario Nadal y Fuster de Puigdórfila
2033:Princesses of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha by marriage
1578:Louise, Princess Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
2136:Princess Stephanie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
364:, who was twenty-two years her senior, at the
2383:
2017:
1991:Clémentine, Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1687:
1431:
2357:did not have a royal or noble title by birth
2079:Maria II, Queen of Portugal and the Algarves
1913:Henriette Louise, Mademoiselle de Vermandois
1238:
559:(7 June 1840 – 19 January 1927), consort of
2552:Burials at the Church of Our Lady of Laeken
1918:Élisabeth Alexandrine, Mademoiselle de Sens
1701:
2397:
2390:
2376:
2118:Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia
2095:Princess Marie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
2024:
2010:
1694:
1680:
1527:Princess Marie Isabelle, Countess of Paris
1517:Marguerite, Princess Władysław Czartoryski
1438:
1424:
1309:Louise d’Orléans, reine oubliée, 1812-1850
2249:Princess Augusta Victoria of Hohenzollern
1944:Louise Marie Adélaïde, Duchess of Orléans
1661:Marie, Princess Gundakar of Liechtenstein
1445:
2547:House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Belgium)
1986:Marie, Princess Alexander of Württemberg
1817:Marie Louise Élisabeth, Duchess of Berry
1244:
651:Alliance Coat of Arms of King Leopold I
513:
417:
344:
336:
2244:Countess Viktoria-Luise of Solms-Baruth
2189:Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife
1711:Generations start from the children of
1522:Princess Françoise, Duchess of Chartres
1496:Marie, Duchess Alexander of Württemberg
535:Louis Philippe, Crown Prince of Belgium
413:
215:Louise-Marie Thérèse Charlotte Isabelle
182:Louis Philippe, Crown Prince of Belgium
27:Queen of the Belgians from 1832 to 1850
14:
2484:
2341:also a princess of Belgium by marriage
2156:Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma
2089:Archduchess Marie Henriette of Austria
1903:Louise Anne, Mademoiselle de Charolais
1785:Anne Geneviève, Duchess of Longueville
1235:, Monarchie.be, Retrieved 2 April 2016
1047:
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695:
691:
308:. As a child, she had a religious and
2537:19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
2371:
2206:Archduchess Karoline Marie of Austria
2130:Princess Helen of Waldeck and Pyrmont
2074:Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom
2005:
1960:Louise Adélaïde, Abbess of Remiremont
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665:Royal Monogram of Queen Louise-Marie
162:
1923:Louise Henriette, Duchess of Orléans
1908:Marie Anne, Mademoiselle de Clermont
826:Louis Jean Marie, Duke of Penthièvre
355:her father became King of the French
302:Louis-Philippe I, King of the French
2161:Princess Eleonore Reuss of Köstritz
2124:Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia
1898:Louise Élisabeth, Princess of Conti
1713:Charles de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme
1583:Marie, Princess Valdemar of Denmark
1573:Princess Isabelle, Duchess of Guise
1537:Princess Marie Christine of Orléans
1327:Louise, reine des Belges. 1812-1850
24:
2557:Dames of the Order of Saint Isabel
1857:Louise Bénédicte, Duchess of Maine
1827:Charlotte Aglaé, Duchess of Modena
1822:Louise Adélaïde, Abbess of Chelles
1635:Princess Anne, Duchess of Calabria
1588:Louise, Princess Alfons of Bavaria
1457:Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orleans
1298:
1245:Bragança, Jose Vicente de (2014).
732:Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
547:Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders
325:, she was entitled to the rank of
192:Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders
25:
2588:
1852:Anne Marie, Mademoiselle de Condé
1568:Princess Hélène, Duchess of Aosta
1226:
1032:Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily
706:Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
543:(9 April 1835 – 17 December 1909)
1847:Marie Thérèse, Princess of Conti
1832:Louise Élisabeth, Queen of Spain
1532:Princess Maria Amelia of Orléans
852:Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon
658:
644:
612:
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574:
422:Louise Marie d'Orléans-de Keyser
306:Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies
286:Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies
259:
250:Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies
187:Leopold II, King of the Belgians
51:
2254:Margarita Gómez-Acebo y Cejuela
1842:Louise Diane, Princess of Conti
1614:Princess Anne, Duchess of Aosta
1604:Isabelle, Princess Pierre Murat
1461:King Louis Philippe I of France
974:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
158:
77:9 August 1832 – 11 October 1850
2542:Tuberculosis deaths in Belgium
2517:Princesses of France (Orléans)
2183:Princess Victoria Mary of Teck
2084:Princess Clémentine of Orléans
1867:Marie Anne, Duchess of Bourbon
1862:Marie Anne, Duchess of Vendôme
1764:Louise, Duchess of Longueville
1743:Catherine, Duchess of Lorraine
1563:Marguerite, Duchess of Magenta
1269:
1217:
1208:
1199:
1182:
681:Ancestors of Louise of Orléans
561:Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico
490:in the former Royal palace of
362:King Leopold I of the Belgians
13:
1:
2151:Princess Leopoldina of Brazil
2112:Princess Alexandra of Denmark
2069:Princess Alexandrine of Baden
1981:Louise, Queen of the Belgians
1965:Adélaïde, Princess of Orléans
1640:Diane, Duchess of Württemberg
1491:Louise, Queen of the Belgians
1393:Queen consort of the Belgians
1175:
1068:Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
884:Maria Teresa Felicitas d'Este
557:Princess Charlotte of Belgium
327:a Princess of the Blood Royal
68:Queen consort of the Belgians
2562:Children of Louis Philippe I
2211:Princess Mathilde of Bavaria
2166:Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria
1939:Bathilde, Duchess of Bourbon
1759:Éléonore, Princess of Orange
537:(24 July 1833 – 16 May 1834)
504:Church of Our Lady of Laeken
321:As a member of the reigning
316:Princess Adélaïde of Orléans
197:Charlotte, Empress of Mexico
134:Church of Our Lady of Laeken
36:Louise d'Orléans (1869–1952)
7:
2577:Mothers of Belgian monarchs
2141:Princess Maria Pia of Savoy
1769:Marie, Princess of Carignan
764:Louise Henriette de Bourbon
672:
603:Order of Queen Saint Isabel
509:
370:Princess Charlotte of Wales
332:
10:
2593:
2502:19th-century French people
2418:Marie Henriette of Austria
2216:Princess Giovanna of Savoy
2201:Princess Amélie of Orléans
2146:Princess Louise of Belgium
2053:Princess Louise of Orléans
1408:Marie Henriette of Austria
1325:Madeleine Lassère (2006).
1041:
925:
799:
790:Louis Philippe I of France
693:
628:Order of Queen Maria Luisa
567:
541:King Leopold II of Belgium
240:Louis Philippe I of France
32:Princess Louise of Orléans
29:
2522:Queens consort of Belgium
2507:19th-century French women
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2312:
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2221:Princess Astrid of Sweden
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1558:Amélie, Queen of Portugal
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1455:Generations descend from
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1094:Maria Carolina of Austria
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2442:Fabiola de Mora y Aragón
2297:Mathilde d'Udekem d'Acoz
2259:Fabiola de Mora y Aragón
1645:Claude, Duchess of Aosta
1542:Mercedes, Queen of Spain
1307:Mia Kerckvoorde (2002).
551:King Albert I of Belgium
481:
59:Franz Xaver Winterhalter
2527:Belgian Roman Catholics
2450:Paola Ruffo di Calabria
2264:Paola Ruffo di Calabria
1703:Princesses of the Blood
637:
291:
2532:French Roman Catholics
2399:Belgian royal consorts
1283:(in Spanish): 91, 1848
1006:Maria Amalia of Saxony
586:Royal Order of Leopold
584:: Grand Cordon of the
519:
423:
350:
342:
276:as the second wife of
2512:Nobility from Palermo
2287:Miriam Ungría y López
1447:Princesses of Orléans
524:Leopold II of Belgium
517:
486:Queen Louise died of
421:
348:
340:
274:Queen of the Belgians
18:Louise d'Orléans
2572:Leopold I of Belgium
2426:Elisabeth in Bavaria
1355:Cadet branch of the
948:Charles III of Spain
414:Public role as Queen
147:Leopold I of Belgium
475:February Revolution
2567:Daughters of kings
1404:Title next held by
1345:Louise of Orléans
1311:. Paris: Duculot.
1128:, Queen of Hungary
520:
424:
351:
343:
304:, and of his wife
123:Kingdom of Belgium
2479:
2478:
2410:Louise of Orléans
2365:
2364:
2320:Kelly Rondestvedt
1999:
1998:
1669:
1668:
1475:Princess Adélaïde
1414:
1413:
1329:. Paris: Perrin.
1253:(in Portuguese).
1194:978-2-930757-48-3
1172:
1171:
1168:
1167:
910:Louise of Orléans
460:Princess Victoria
270:Louise of Orléans
267:
266:
219:
218:
103:Kingdom of Sicily
46:Louise of Orléans
16:(Redirected from
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2434:Astrid of Sweden
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2349:British princess
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2019:
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2002:
1727:Marie of Bourbon
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1350:House of Orléans
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653:and Queen Louise
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632:10 February 1835
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366:Compiègne Palace
323:House of Orléans
282:Louis Philippe I
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1995:
1974:10th generation
1969:
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1380:Belgian royalty
1373:11 October 1850
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416:
373:
335:
294:
201:
168:
156:
152:
149:
136:
117:
113:
112:11 October 1850
97:
91:
89:
62:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2590:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2471:(2013–present)
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2447:
2439:
2431:
2423:
2415:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2395:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2372:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2353:
2343:
2337:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2316:
2314:
2313:7th generation
2310:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2289:
2283:
2281:
2280:6th generation
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2238:
2237:5th generation
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2179:
2177:
2176:4th generation
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2108:
2106:
2105:3rd generation
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2063:
2062:2nd generation
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2043:
2041:
2040:1st generation
2037:
2036:
2029:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2006:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1954:
1953:9th generation
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1933:
1932:8th generation
1929:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1881:7th generation
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1813:
1811:
1810:6th generation
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1795:
1794:5th generation
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1781:
1779:
1778:4th generation
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1755:
1753:
1752:3rd generation
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1739:
1737:
1736:2nd generation
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1721:
1720:1st generation
1717:
1716:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1699:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1657:
1655:
1654:7th generation
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1629:
1628:6th generation
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1597:5th generation
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1554:
1552:
1551:4th generation
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1513:
1511:
1510:3rd generation
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1487:
1485:
1484:2nd generation
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1468:1st generation
1465:
1464:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1420:
1412:
1411:
1403:
1398:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1354:
1347:
1344:
1339:
1338:
1320:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1268:
1237:
1233:King Leopold I
1225:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1002:
999:
998:
995:
994:
992:
990:
988:
985:
984:
982:
979:
978:
976:
970:
967:
966:
963:
962:
960:
957:
956:
954:
951:
950:
944:
941:
940:
937:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
919:
918:
915:
914:
912:
906:
903:
902:
899:
898:
896:
893:
892:
890:
887:
886:
880:
877:
876:
873:
872:
870:
868:
866:
863:
862:
860:
857:
856:
854:
848:
845:
844:
841:
840:
838:
835:
834:
832:
829:
828:
822:
819:
818:
815:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
801:
800:
798:
795:
794:
792:
786:
783:
782:
779:
778:
776:
773:
772:
770:
767:
766:
760:
757:
756:
753:
752:
750:
748:
746:
743:
742:
740:
737:
736:
734:
728:
725:
724:
721:
720:
718:
715:
714:
712:
709:
708:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
683:
682:
676:
674:
671:
670:
669:
664:
657:
655:
650:
643:
639:
636:
635:
634:
609:
601:: Dame of the
588:
569:
566:
565:
564:
554:
544:
538:
511:
508:
496:Charles Rogier
483:
480:
464:Queen Victoria
429:Dame d'honneur
415:
412:
408:Arcadie Claret
334:
331:
293:
290:
284:and his wife,
278:King Leopold I
265:
264:
257:
253:
252:
247:
243:
242:
237:
233:
232:
227:
221:
220:
217:
216:
212:
211:
203:
202:
200:
199:
194:
189:
184:
178:
176:
170:
169:
154:
150:
145:
144:
142:
138:
137:
132:
130:
126:
125:
116:(aged 38)
110:
106:
105:
87:
83:
82:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
64:
63:
56:
48:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2589:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2393:
2388:
2386:
2381:
2379:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2358:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2304:
2303:Claire Coombs
2301:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2022:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2004:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1704:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1685:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1410:
1409:
1402:
1395:
1394:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1351:
1342:
1336:
1335:2-262-02366-2
1332:
1328:
1321:
1318:
1317:2-8011-0949-5
1314:
1310:
1303:
1302:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1181:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1126:Maria Theresa
1121:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
987:
986:
981:
980:
975:
969:
968:
965:
964:
959:
958:
953:
952:
949:
943:
942:
939:
938:
921:
920:
917:
916:
911:
905:
904:
901:
900:
895:
894:
889:
888:
885:
879:
878:
875:
874:
865:
864:
859:
858:
853:
847:
846:
843:
842:
837:
836:
831:
830:
827:
821:
820:
817:
816:
803:
802:
797:
796:
791:
785:
784:
781:
780:
775:
774:
769:
768:
765:
759:
758:
755:
754:
745:
744:
739:
738:
733:
727:
726:
723:
722:
717:
716:
711:
710:
707:
701:
689:
688:
685:
684:
680:
679:
661:
656:
647:
642:
641:
633:
629:
625:
621:
610:
608:
604:
600:
589:
587:
583:
572:
571:
562:
558:
555:
552:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
532:
531:
529:
525:
516:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
479:
476:
471:
467:
465:
461:
457:
452:
448:
446:
442:
436:
434:
430:
420:
411:
409:
405:
400:
398:
394:
390:
389:Chateaubriand
386:
380:
376:
371:
367:
363:
358:
356:
347:
339:
330:
328:
324:
319:
317:
313:
312:
307:
303:
299:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
262:
258:
254:
251:
248:
244:
241:
238:
234:
231:
228:
226:
222:
213:
208:
204:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
179:
177:
175:
171:
148:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
124:
120:
111:
107:
104:
100:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
69:
65:
60:
54:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2470:
2465:
2452:
2444:
2436:
2428:
2420:
2412:
2409:
2356:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2227:Lilian Baels
2052:
1980:
1888:Louise Marie
1800:
1490:
1459:, father of
1406:
1400:
1391:
1386:
1370:
1366:3 April 1812
1363:
1356:
1348:
1326:
1308:
1285:, retrieved
1280:
1271:
1259:. Retrieved
1254:
1251:Pro Phalaris
1250:
1240:
1228:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1184:
909:
631:
607:14 July 1835
606:
521:
500:Victor Tesch
488:tuberculosis
485:
472:
468:
453:
449:
437:
425:
401:
381:
377:
359:
352:
320:
309:
295:
269:
268:
114:(1850-10-11)
96:3 April 1812
57:Portrait by
40:
2497:1850 deaths
2492:1812 births
2453:(1993–2013)
2445:(1960–1993)
2437:(1934–1935)
2429:(1909–1934)
2421:(1865–1902)
2413:(1832–1850)
2351:by marriage
1323:(in French)
1305:(in French)
1261:28 November
397:Shakespeare
311:bourgeoisie
2486:Categories
2270:Léa Wolman
1397:1832–1850
1176:References
667:of Belgium
92:1812-04-03
1387:New title
353:In 1830,
256:Signature
1287:20 April
673:Ancestry
599:Portugal
510:Children
456:Oostende
404:Ardennes
385:Stendhal
333:Marriage
296:Born in
2347:also a
626:of the
582:Belgium
568:Honours
298:Palermo
230:Orléans
167:
155:
151:
99:Palermo
1401:Vacant
1369:
1333:
1315:
1192:
617:
596:
579:
492:Ostend
395:, and
246:Mother
236:Father
161:
141:Spouse
129:Burial
119:Ostend
74:Tenure
61:, 1841
1371:Died:
1364:Born:
620:Spain
482:Death
393:Byron
225:House
210:Names
174:Issue
165:)
157:(
153:
1801:none
1331:ISBN
1313:ISBN
1289:2020
1263:2019
1255:9–10
1190:ISBN
1124:15.
1066:14.
1004:13.
946:12.
882:11.
824:10.
638:Arms
624:Dame
526:and
498:and
292:Life
163:1832
109:Died
86:Born
2345:***
2197:***
2191:***
2185:***
2132:***
2126:***
2120:***
2114:***
1257:: 5
1092:7.
1030:3.
972:6.
908:1.
850:5.
788:2.
762:9.
730:4.
704:8.
530:.
2488::
2339:**
2305:**
2299:**
2272:**
2266:**
2229:**
2223:**
2168:**
2097:**
2091:**
1279:,
630:,
622::
605:,
506:.
399:.
391:,
387:,
329:.
159:m.
121:,
101:,
2391:e
2384:t
2377:v
2355:^
2333:*
2322:^
2049:*
2025:e
2018:t
2011:v
1695:e
1688:t
1681:v
1439:e
1432:t
1425:v
1337:.
1319:.
1265:.
1196:)
563:.
553:;
94:)
90:(
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_by_Winterhalter,_1841.jpg)
