884:
107:
1510:
1374:
235:
92:
1521:
224:
213:
1479:
82:
720:
1824:
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883:
106:
1251:
Between 1919 and 1923, during the occupation, there were French-backed attempts at separating the
Palatinate from Bavaria and the Empire. On 1 June 1919, Eberhard Haaß, founder of the "Free Palatine Association" (1918), proclaimed the "Palatine Republic", but failed to occupy the government building
1163:
was named after the king. Despite these attempts, the
Palatinate's representatives to the Bavarian Parliament always prided themselves on the claim that they came from a more progressive region. Indeed, they tried to promote their liberalism, which the French had introduced to the Palatinate, to the
1263:" at Speyer, after gaining control of the towns of Kaiserslautern, Neustadt, and Landau, and after the capitulation of the Palatine government. In the following days, several more towns fell into his group's hands. The Bavarian government reacted sharply. It organised a squad under the command of
1042:
as its capital. Of the former French administrative structure, the subdivision of the district into arrondissements, cantons, mayoralties, and municipalities was, in large measure, retained. The
Bavarian government also preserved the French legal system (Code Napoléon), giving the Palatinate a
989:
the cantons of
Waldmohr, Blieskastel, and Kusel, the latter with the exception of several villages on the road from Sankt Wendel to Baumholder, for which there was to be compensation, by another territorial transfer, with the agreement of the assembled plenipotentiaries of the allied powers at
1123:
as its capitals on the eastern side, whereas the new "Palatinate" established in 1815–16 lay solely on the left bank of the Rhine. It included territories that had never been part of the historical
Palatinate (e.g., territories of the former Bishopric of Speyer, the imperial city of Speyer or
1535:, literally "sow's stomach", a dish that consists of a thick, crispy-fried casing (sow stomach) stuffed with a mixture of pork, potatoes, and seasonings. Other traditional meat dishes of the region include bratwurst, Palatinate liverwurst, a blood pudding sausage called
1562:, which can be served with either sweet sauces or side dishes (such as wine, vanilla sauce or canned fruit such as plums, prunes, or pears) or with savory side dishes (such as potato soup, vegetable soup, goulash, or pepper pork).
1308:. While Bavaria itself was part of the U.S. occupation zone, the Palatinate was occupied by French forces. The French reorganised their occupation zone by founding new states, so that in 1947 the Palatinate was combined with
375:. It is one of the greatest wine-producing regions in Germany, and in the last two decades has become well known for its prize-winning white and reds of highest quality produced by a number of talented young winemakers.
1275:(the supreme council of the Allied occupation forces) of January 1924 recognised the status quo and guaranteed that the Palatinate would remain a part of Bavaria, thereby putting an end to separatist attempts.
828:. The Prince-Bishopric held possessions on both sides of the Rhine. For centuries, the Electoral Palatinate and Bavaria maintained dynastic links because both were ruled by members of the Wittelsbach family.
1033:
embarked on the administrative reorganisation of its territory, creating districts which, as in France, were named after the main local rivers. Thus, the new district along the Rhine was given the name
149:
933:
of the Sarre and Mont-Tonnerre, except where set forth in the same treaty, were to fall "with full sovereignty" and ownership rights within the overlordship of His
Majesty the Emperor of Austria (
1267:. On 9 January 1924, Heinz was assassinated while dining at the Wittelsbacher Hof in Speyer. Other leading members of the separatist movement were killed on 12 February, in a shooting in
1436:
Many more
Palatines emigrated in the course of the 19th century, and the great majority of them to North America, so that in the US temporarily "Palatine" was a common designation for
903:
in 1813 and the capture of the Left Bank of the Rhine by the Allies in
January 1814, the region was, from 2 February 1814, initially under the provisional authority of the
1278:
Under Nazi rule, from 1933 to 1945, the
Palatinate officially remained part of Bavaria, but was otherwise totally reorganised—it was merged with the Saarland into the
1111:
outlook gave rise to the adoption of new, historically evocative names for the administrative districts of
Bavaria. As such, the Rheinkreis officially became the
1079:
855:
the region. In 1798, the French introduced a new administrative system with the establishment of departments. The area of the Palatinate largely became the
320:
popular with hikers. With about 1,771 km (684 sq mi), it is Germany's largest contiguous forested area, and is part of the Franco-German
1010:
the cantons of Bergzabern, Langenkandel, and the whole part of the Département of Bas Rhin on the left bank of the Lauter, which had been ceded in the
1187:". A separatist uprising was suppressed by Prussian military intervention. The Palatinate's union with Bavaria persisted after it became part of the
1347:
The Pfalz was initially one of five districts in Rhineland-Palatinate; however, in 1968, the district was merged with the neighbouring district of
321:
1248:: Speyer, Ludwigshafen, Frankenthal, Neustadt an der Weinstraße, Kaiserslautern, Pirmasens, and Zweibrücken. They remain separate to this day.
1849:
606:
in the valleys and 8-10 degrees in the highlands. Wet air from the prevailing westerly and southwesterly winds leads to precipitation in the
859:, laying the cornerstone of its regional identity today. Minor parts of today's region were attached to the neighbouring departments of the
610:
ranges, while it warms up on its way further down to the Rhine Valley; giving the valleys a considerably drier climate than the surrounding
1771:
1164:
whole Bavarian kingdom. German historian Heiner Haan described the special status accorded the Palatinate within Bavaria as being one of a
1700:
1854:
1332:) of the Pfalz. This reorganisation came with smaller losses of former district territory to the Saarland, especially in the area of
1084:
1859:
1176:
1680:
Haupt-Vertrag des zu Wien versammelten Congresses der europäischen Mächte, Fürsten und freien Städte, nebst 17 besondern Verträgen
1005:
the canton, town, and fortress of Landau, the latter as a federal fortress in accordance with the regulations of 3 November 1815;
970:
the districts of Zweibrücken, Kaiserslautern, and Speier; the latter with the exception of the cantons of Worms and Pfeddersheim;
31:
867:. The French further subdivided the department into cantons, mayoralties and municipalities, and introduced their legal system (
1272:
196:), covering an area of 2,105 square miles (5,450 km) with about 1.4 million inhabitants. Its residents are known as
91:
1341:
787:
1713:
1558:
is the typical side dish in all seasons, but especially in winter, as are mashed potatoes and brown gravy. Also eaten are
1025:
In accordance with the prevailing Bavarian administrative structure, the region became one of eight Bavarian districts (
1650:
1144:) became common and is still used today, but was never made its official name. Another term, that of Rhenish Bavaria (
17:
1683:
1148:), though used occasionally, never gained great currency, but can, nonetheless, be found sometimes on older maps.
1429:, which is located close to Mainz, the state capital (and is published bi-annually as a cooperation project with
731:
441:
327:
The western and northern part of the Palatinate is densely forested and mountainous. Its highest mountain is the
856:
1180:
1071:
957:
734:, some of which were very small. The largest and most important of these was the Electorate of the Palatinate (
81:
1419:
refugees brought to Pennsylvania in the years 1717 to 1732. The only existing Pennsylvania German newspaper,
960:. These included, in addition to various regions east of the Rhine, the following regions west of the Rhine:
317:
1097:
493:
356:
1844:
1490:
1864:
1396:
405:
and several other territories were part of the Palatinate, but today belong to other German territories.
117:
North Palatinate (green), Anterior Palatinate (yellow), South Palatinate (blue) and West Palatinate (red)
39:
1191:
in 1871, and, indeed, after the Wittelsbach dynasty was deposed, and Bavaria became a free state of the
860:
1802:
1735:
1317:
1151:
The Bavarian Royal Family tried to encourage Palatine unity with Bavaria by erecting a royal palace in
1058:
was, however, a new creation. In 1818, the cantons were merged into 12 administrative districts called
952:
in which the various territorial changes were agreed on. According to Article 2 of the treaty, Emperor
841:
825:
1623:
1300:
The union with Bavaria was finally dissolved following the reorganisation of German states during the
472:
553:
1043:
distinct legal status within the Bavarian kingdom. At the next lower level, the three former French
916:
k. k. östreichischen und k. bairischen gemeinschaftliche Landes-Administrations-Kommission
1412:
1336:. As part of the 1969 administrative reform, some minor border changes were made in the north. The
1129:
523:
413:
The Palatinate is divided into four non-administrative sub-regions, comprising the following rural
372:
161:
1301:
1115:(Palatinate). The historic Electorate of the Palatinate had spanned both sides of the Rhine with
941:
821:
779:
1011:
845:
837:
730:
From the Middle Ages until 1792, the Palatinate was divided into 45 secular and ecclesiastical
548:
517:
431:
332:
1433:). In the same village one can find the headquarters of the German-Pennsylvanian Association.
849:
714:
1348:
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1215:
814:
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643:
414:
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189:
112:
35:
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8:
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still exist today largely based on the historic boundaries of the old Bavarian district.
1104:
810:
794:
767:
457:
391:
1736:"Chapter Two – The History Of The German Immigration To America – The Brobst Chronicles"
1647:
Beamtenverzeichniß und Statistik des Königlich Bayerischen Regierungs-Bezirkes der Pfalz
1593:
1236:) were separated from the Bavarian Palatinate, and became part of the newly established
1183:, separatist elements wanted the district to secede from Bavaria and establish its own "
1051:("Circle", i.e. district, "direction") of Frankenthal, Kaiserslautern, and Zweibrücken.
907:. However, from 16 June of the same year, it was placed under the administration of the
778:
with these estates, which they ruled until 1918, together with the collateral branch of
1388:
1377:
1368:
949:
922:
896:
888:
798:
763:
1373:
1100:, proved fertile ground for what came to be considered a milestone in German history.
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from 1410. Needing stronger protection, they lost control with the reunification with
1359:. On 1 January 2000, all administrative districts of Rheinland-Pfalz were dissolved.
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1337:
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1594:"Rhenish Palatinate - Encyclopedia Volume - Catholic Encyclopedia - Catholic Online"
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1816:
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Repertorium der Gesetze und Verordnungen für die königl. preußischen Rheinprovinzen
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with the Palatinate region highlighted and further subdivided into its sub-regions:
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proclaimed the "Government of the Autonomous Palatinate in the Association of the
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on higher ground. The average annual temperatures vary from around 11-14 degrees
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539:
254:
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Die Staats-Verträge des Königreichs Bayern ... von 1806 bis einschließlich 1858
1321:
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about 496. From 511 onwards, the area belonged to the eastern part of Frankish
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379:
282:
1618:
1540:
1283:
762:), becoming one of the seven higher nobles with the privilege of electing the
580:
1838:
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1136:). To avoid confusion of the new Palatinate and the former one (and with the
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724:
607:
294:
754:. By the late 12th century, the Count palatine had achieved the status of a
223:
212:
1453:
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1305:
1279:
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698:
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627:
489:
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340:
937:). Initially, however, joint Austro-Bavarian administration was retained.
1408:
1211:
1108:
912:("k.k.") Austrian and Royal Bavarian Joint Land Administration Commission
751:
485:
395:
352:
328:
274:
1478:
806:
258:
1559:
1555:
1539:("griewe" are speck (bacon) cubes, so lit. "sausage with bacon bits"),
1449:
1404:
1116:
1082:, whose name gave rise to the popular Palatine nickname for Bavarians,
852:
387:
594:
Like most of Southwestern Germany, the Palatinate’s climate is either
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1392:
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1152:
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262:
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132:
128:
1244:. That same year, seven more towns were declared independent of the
719:
1532:
1426:
1237:
1120:
864:
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30:
This article is about the region of south-western Germany. For the
1030:
783:
682:
603:
177:
123:
69:
1761:
Gefahr oder Segen? Die Täufer in der politischen Kommunikation.
1571:
1214:, French troops occupied the Palatinate under the terms of the
1159:
under the direct supervision of King Ludwig I. The new town of
1052:
1039:
809:
in 1521 to preserve its status. Nevertheless, it was seized by
802:
530:
497:
466:
383:
348:
344:
302:
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1400:
662:
331:
with a height of 687 m (2,254 ft), situated in the
290:
278:
266:
1240:, which, according to the peace treaty, was governed by the
1198:
In 1910, the town of Landau was declared independent of the
742:
territories on both sides of the Rhine formerly held by the
673:
in about 12 BCE; thereafter, it was part of the province of
975:
the canton of Kirchheim-Bolanden, in the district of Alzei.
286:
1320:
west of the Rhine, and the southern part of the Prussian
1070:(rural district). As his first provincial governor, King
793:
The major ecclesiastical territory in the region was the
1578:
Heilprin, Angelo; Heilprin, Louis; Raza, Moonis (1906).
929:) that on the Left Bank of the Rhine the former French
1695:
Treaty of Munich dated 14 April 1816 in G. M. Kletke:
1666:, Trier: Leistenschneider, 1830, pp. 8 ff. (
1205:
681:
tribes settled here; their territory was conquered by
253:
in the west, historically also comprising the state's
1800:
1328:. The Palatinate formed the administrative district (
1577:
1411:
in the United States, is derived primarily from the
887:
The Rhenish Palatinate when it was unified with the
1531:Arguably the most famous dish in Palatinate is the
1440:. Johann Heinrich Heinz (1811–1891), the father of
925:
in 1815, and dated 9 June 1815, Article 51 stated (
1649:, Speyer, Kranzbühler, 1863, pp. 58 ff (
965:In the Département of Mont-Tonnerre (Donnersberg):
1092:became the focal point of liberal movements. The
1062:. In 1862, these were designated individually as
642:), which designated only the western part of the
378:Major rivers include the Upper Rhine tributaries
1836:
1656:
322:Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve
1689:
1527:(liver dumplings) with sauerkraut and garnishes
935:Herrschaft Sr. Maj. des Kaisers von Oesterreich
1460:, Palatinate, to the United States in 1840.
1271:. By then, a treaty between Bavaria and the
840:, including the Palatinate, was occupied by
820:Other larger regional entities included the
1582:. Concept Publishing Company. p. 1392.
308:One-third of the region is covered by the
1699:, Regensburg, Pustet, 1860, p. 310 (
1022:These changes took effect on 1 May 1816.
261:mountain range forms the border with the
1519:
1508:
1372:
882:
718:
233:
222:
211:
1516:(meat dumplings) with horseradish sauce
1289:
1172:(adjacent state, i.e. the Palatinate).
715:Palatines § Holy Roman Nationality
665:region, this area was conquered by the
359:) lie in the lower eastern part of the
14:
1837:
1324:, to form the German federal state of
1273:Inter-Allied Rhineland High Commission
905:General Government of the Middle Rhine
339:. Most of the major Palatinate towns (
180:. The Palatinate occupies most of the
1425:, was founded 1996 in the village of
1362:
1128:, which had formerly belonged to the
301:border separates the Palatinate from
1850:Former government regions of Germany
1714:"Forschung - Universität Regensburg"
1580:Geographical Dictionary of the World
1473:
1342:Evangelical Church of the Palatinate
708:
677:. During the decline of the Empire,
440:(KIB), including the small towns of
227:A typical vineyard landscape in the
34:that existed from 1085 to 1803, see
1206:French occupation of the Palatinate
1175:In May/June 1849, after the failed
24:
1168:(main state, i.e. Bavaria) with a
997:In the Département of the Bas Rhin
417:and independent towns and cities:
363:down to the River Rhine. Here the
25:
1876:
1855:Geography of Rhineland-Palatinate
1554:(Fleischknödel: meat dumplings).
921:In the main treaty agreed at the
297:region. In the south, the German-
277:river, while the left bank, with
1822:
1810:
1477:
1140:), the name Rhenish Palatinate (
1038:(i.e. the Rhine district), with
982:In the Département of the Sarre:
878:
547:) up to the western part of the
265:region. The eastern border with
257:District. In the northwest, the
105:
90:
80:
1860:Regions of Rhineland-Palatinate
1753:
1740:Homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com
1074:selected the Privy Councillor (
469:range of the Palatinate Forest
430:), i.e. the sparsely inhabited
1728:
1706:
1673:
1639:
1611:
1586:
1181:Imperial Constitution campaign
956:ceded various regions to King
831:
465:) between Upper Rhine and the
408:
13:
1:
1565:
1066:. In 1939, each one became a
630:, it was also referred to as
598:in areas below 300 meters or
318:Palatinate Forest Nature Park
176:), is a historical region of
113:State of Rhineland-Palatinate
857:Département of Mont Tonnerre
738:), encompassing a number of
644:Electorate of the Palatinate
484:and the towns and cities of
207:
47:Historical region of Germany
27:Historical region of Germany
7:
1682:, Article 51, p. 101 (
1397:Pennsylvania Dutch language
1316:), the former parts of the
842:French revolutionary troops
10:
1881:
1467:
1463:
1366:
1293:
1098:Neustadt an der Weinstraße
826:Prince-Bishopric of Speyer
712:
617:
589:
494:Neustadt an der Weinstraße
29:
1096:, a large gathering near
554:Kaiserslautern (district)
238:Medieval frame houses in
122:
104:
76:
66:
52:
1550:, liver dumplings), and
1413:Palatine German language
1353:to form the district of
895:Following the defeat of
770:. In 1214, the Bavarian
1763:Göttingen 2009, p. 427.
1662:F. W. A. Schlickeysen:
1624:Encyclopædia Britannica
1318:People's State of Hesse
1282:, with headquarters in
1218:. In 1920, the western
1003:
987:
958:Maximilian I of Bavaria
249:The Palatinate borders
1759:Astrid von Schlachta:
1528:
1517:
1384:
892:
846:Treaty of Campo Formio
838:Left Bank of the Rhine
766:, as confirmed by the
727:
549:North Palatine Uplands
432:North Palatine Uplands
373:Palatinate wine region
371:) passes through the
333:North Palatine Uplands
273:region runs along the
246:
231:
220:
184:quarter of the German
157:
38:. For other uses, see
1523:
1512:
1389:Pennsylvania Dutchmen
1376:
1255:On 23 November 1923,
1179:, and as part of the
1080:Franz Xaver von Zwack
886:
850:First French Republic
844:. As a result of the
722:
713:Further information:
701:according to the 843
650:), as opposed to the
237:
226:
215:
68:Historical region of
1326:Rhineland-Palatinate
1296:Rhineland-Palatinate
1290:Rhineland-Palatinate
1216:Treaty of Versailles
954:Francis I of Austria
940:On 14 April 1816, a
822:Duchy of Zweibrücken
805:joined the Alsatian
780:Palatine Zweibrücken
772:House of Wittelsbach
403:Electoral Palatinate
190:Rhineland-Palatinate
36:Electoral Palatinate
1845:Palatinate (region)
1783: /
1716:. Uni-regensburg.de
1446:H. J. Heinz Company
1431:Kutztown University
1391:are descendants of
1155:, and by restoring
1105:Ludwig I of Bavaria
1014:of 20 November 1815
944:was signed between
795:Bishopric of Speyer
768:Golden Bull of 1356
736:Kurfürstentum Pfalz
648:Kurfürstentum Pfalz
524:Südliche Weinstraße
458:Anterior Palatinate
369:Deutsche Weinstraße
216:Vineyards near the
1865:Historical regions
1529:
1518:
1489:. You can help by
1385:
1378:Pennsylvania Dutch
1369:Pennsylvania Dutch
1363:Pennsylvania Dutch
1177:revolution of 1848
1047:were continued as
923:Congress of Vienna
893:
889:Kingdom of Bavaria
728:
247:
232:
221:
170:Rhenish Palatinate
111:Map of the modern
56:Rhenish Palatinate
1627:. August 20, 2020
1507:
1506:
1456:, emigrated from
1356:Rheinhessen-Pfalz
1338:Diocese of Speyer
1304:of Germany after
1302:Allied occupation
1265:Edgar Julius Jung
1257:Franz Josef Heinz
1242:League of Nations
1185:Palatine Republic
1126:Kirchheimbolanden
901:Battle of Leipzig
815:Thirty Years' War
709:Holy Roman Empire
695:Rhenish Franconia
675:Germania Superior
624:Holy Roman Empire
596:humid subtropical
571:and the towns of
479:Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis
446:Kirchheimbolanden
401:Historically the
365:German Wine Route
361:Upper Rhine Plain
337:Kirchheimbolanden
316:), including the
310:Palatinate Forest
229:Palatinate Forest
218:German Wine Route
141:
140:
18:Palatinate region
16:(Redirected from
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1826:
1825:
1815:
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1787:49.433°N 7.767°E
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1470:Palatine cuisine
1444:who founded the
1442:Henry John Heinz
1438:German Americans
1422:Hiwwe wie Driwwe
1399:, spoken by the
1395:immigrants. The
1330:Regierungsbezirk
1261:Rhenish Republic
1157:Speyer Cathedral
1138:Upper Palatinate
1094:Hambach Festival
1060:Landkommissariat
788:Charles Theodore
703:Treaty of Verdun
697:—became part of
652:Upper Palatinate
636:Lower Palatinate
529:and the town of
507:South Palatinate
438:Donnersbergkreis
423:North Palatinate
293:, belong to the
244:South Palatinate
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32:Holy Roman state
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632:Rhenish Bavaria
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1619:"Palatinate"
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1601:. Retrieved
1597:
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1552:fleeschknepp
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1542:lewwerknedel
1541:
1536:
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1514:Fleeschknepp
1513:
1495:
1491:adding to it
1486:
1454:Pennsylvania
1435:
1420:
1386:
1354:
1349:
1346:
1334:Sankt Wendel
1329:
1313:
1306:World War II
1299:
1280:Gau Westmark
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1246:Bezirksämter
1245:
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1220:Bezirksämter
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628:World War II
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566:Südwestpfalz
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490:Ludwigshafen
473:Bad Dürkheim
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450:Rockenhausen
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96:Coat of arms
59:
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1790: /
1684:digitalised
1560:dampfnudels
1548:lewwerknepp
1525:Lewwerknepp
1415:which many
1409:Fancy Dutch
1350:Rheinhessen
1314:Rheinhessen
1284:Saarbrücken
1252:in Speyer.
1212:World War I
1146:Rheinbayern
832:French rule
752:Lotharingia
748:Pfalzgrafen
732:territories
693:, which—as
685:under King
661:Formerly a
622:During the
581:Zweibrücken
518:Germersheim
486:Frankenthal
463:Vorderpfalz
409:Subdivision
392:Schwarzbach
353:Frankenthal
329:Donnersberg
314:Pfälzerwald
275:Upper Rhine
1839:Categories
1745:August 28,
1566:References
1556:Sauerkraut
1498:March 2010
1450:Pittsburgh
1405:Mennonites
1367:See also:
1200:Bezirksamt
1195:in 1918.
1170:Nebenstaat
1166:Hauptstaat
1142:Rheinpfalz
1132:branch of
1117:Heidelberg
1090:Rheinkreis
1072:Maximilian
1064:Bezirksamt
1036:Rheinkreis
990:Frankfurt.
927:inter alia
871:) and the
813:after the
740:Franconian
640:Unterpfalz
388:Speyerbach
174:Rheinpfalz
168:), or the
145:Palatinate
124:Demonym(s)
40:Palatinate
1817:Geography
1603:March 20,
1458:Kallstadt
1417:Mennonite
1269:Pirmasens
1233:Saarpfalz
1153:Edenkoben
1068:Landkreis
790:in 1777.
776:enfeoffed
691:Austrasia
679:Alamannic
656:Oberpfalz
626:prior to
579:(PS) and
577:Pirmasens
545:Westpfalz
496:(NW) and
442:Eisenberg
428:Nordpfalz
415:districts
263:Rhineland
255:Saarpfalz
240:Ilbesheim
208:Geography
198:Palatines
150:‹See Tfd›
60:Die Pfalz
1631:July 28,
1533:saumagen
1427:Ober-Olm
1393:Palatine
1340:and the
1238:Saarland
1130:Weilburg
1121:Mannheim
1109:romantic
897:Napoleon
865:Bas-Rhin
824:and the
807:Décapole
760:Kurfürst
687:Clovis I
671:Augustus
512:Südpfalz
357:Neustadt
269:and the
259:Hunsrück
251:Saarland
182:southern
129:Palatine
1829:Germany
1803:Portals
1775:49°26′N
1464:Cuisine
1228:Homburg
1085:Zwockel
1031:Bavaria
950:Bavaria
946:Austria
899:at the
853:annexed
784:Bavaria
764:Emperor
683:Francia
618:History
604:Celsius
600:oceanic
590:Climate
202:Pfälzer
178:Germany
134:Pfälzer
70:Germany
1778:7°46′E
1701:Online
1668:Online
1651:Online
1407:, and
1210:After
1134:Nassau
1076:Hofrat
1056:Landau
1040:Speyer
1027:Kreise
942:treaty
891:, 1871
811:France
803:Landau
797:. The
663:Celtic
575:(KL),
531:Landau
498:Speyer
492:(LU),
488:(FT),
467:Haardt
384:Queich
380:Lauter
349:Landau
345:Speyer
303:Alsace
299:French
154:German
1401:Amish
1387:Many
1113:Pfalz
861:Sarre
750:) of
583:(ZW).
562:(KUS)
560:Kusel
526:(SÜW)
520:(GER)
475:(DÜW)
335:near
291:Alzey
283:Worms
279:Mainz
271:Baden
267:Hesse
158:Pfalz
1747:2017
1722:2012
1633:2021
1605:2018
1546:(or
1226:and
1119:and
948:and
863:and
774:was
723:The
634:and
568:(PS)
556:(KL)
533:(LD)
500:(SP)
481:(RP)
448:and
396:Glan
394:and
386:and
287:Selz
281:and
166:Palz
143:The
86:Flag
1493:.
1448:in
1222:of
1107:'s
918:).
801:of
658:).
514:).
204:).
188:of
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20:)
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