2005:
applies to immigrants who, after their illegal entry into this country, are indeed physically 'within the jurisdiction' of a state". However, in his dissent, Chief
Justice Burger asserted that issues of whether or not to admit children of illegal immigrants should be delegated to Congress and not the judiciary, as it is more a policy issue than a constitutional one. Burger further argued that the "Equal Protection Clause does not mandate identical treatment of different categories of persons" and that Texas did in fact have a legitimate reason to seek to distinguish between individuals who were residing in the country legally versus illegally.
31:
1838:
1948:
instituted a policy mandating that foreign-born students who were not considered to be legally admitted to the United States were required to pay tuition. "Under the school district's policy, children were considered "legally admitted" if (1) they possessed documentation showing that they were legally present in the United States, or (2) federal immigration authorities confirmed they were in the process of securing such documentation."
306:
1908:'s attempt to charge an annual $ 1,000 tuition fee for each student to compensate for lost state funding. The Court found that any state restriction imposed on the rights afforded to children based on their immigration status must be examined under a rational basis standard to determine whether it furthers a substantial government interest.
1965:
to "the creation and perpetuation of a subclass of illiterates within our boundaries, surely adding to the problems and costs of unemployment, welfare, and crime". The majority did not find that any substantial state interest would be advanced by discrimination on that basis and so struck down the Texas law.
1988:
Justice
Blackmun noted that "when a state provides an education to some and denies it to others, it immediately and inevitably creates class distinctions of a type fundamentally inconsistent with" the purposes of the Equal Protection Clause because "an uneducated child is denied even the opportunity
1947:
In 1975 Texas "prohibited the use of state funds for the education of children who had not been legally admitted to the U.S" (457 U.S.202). The policy also allowed schools to deny enrollment of any "unauthorized" child seeking to attend the school. Then in 1977, the Tyler
Independent School District
1984:
Justice
Marshall called specific attention to the fact that he believed the interest of an individual to pursue an education is fundamental and that this belief is amply supported by the unique status accorded public education by our society, and by the close relationship between education and some
1964:
The majority found that the Texas law was "directed against children, and impose its discriminatory burden on the basis of a legal characteristic over which children can have little control". The majority also observed that denying the children in question a proper education would likely contribute
1992:
Justice Powell noted the uniqueness of this particular case. He highlighted that as long as this law stands a group of children is being denied access to education, not due to actions of their own, but because of a violation of the law by their parents. "A legislative classification that threatens
1968:
Texas officials had argued that illegal aliens were not "within the jurisdiction" of the state and thus could not claim protections under the
Fourteenth Amendment. The majority rejected that claim and found that "no plausible distinction with respect to Fourteenth Amendment 'jurisdiction' can be
2004:
The four dissenting justices all agreed with the majority that it would be wrong to "tolerate creation of a segment of society made up of illiterate persons". The dissenting opinion also rejected that claim and agreed with the Court that "the Equal
Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
1972:
In short, the most prominent takeaways from this case were that the Court reasoned that unauthorized immigrants and their children, although not technically citizens of the United States or Texas, are people "in any ordinary sense of the term" and, therefore, are afforded
Fourteenth Amendment
1956:
Revisions to education laws in Texas in 1975 withheld state funds for educating children who had not been legally admitted to the United States and authorized local school districts to deny enrollment to such students. A 5–4 majority of the
Supreme Court found the policy to violate the
4967:
2056:
on the basis that abortion rights were not explicitly protected in the
Constitution and thus would allow states to determine whether to protect or restrict those rights. Abbott stated the same would apply to the rights to education for immigrants, which is only established by
1973:
protections. Since the state law severely disadvantaged the children of illegal aliens by denying them the right to an education, and because Texas could not prove that the regulation was needed to serve a "compelling state interest," the Court struck down the law.
3957:
3451:
5803:
4903:
1210:
4895:
3278:
1616:
5606:
5047:
1961:, as illegal immigrant children are people "in any ordinary sense of the term" and therefore had protection from discrimination unless a substantial state interest could be shown to justify it.
5015:
4871:
5694:
5510:
1878:
5170:
1936:
3933:
5344:
1939:
have allowed some states to pass statutes that deny illegal immigrant students eligibility for in-state tuition, scholarships, or enrollment at public colleges and universities.
4879:
4139:
5935:
5007:
4193:
2653:
2478:
3731:
2147:
5827:
1871:
5726:
4624:
4600:
4037:
4839:
4719:
3541:
1958:
1901:
276:
5670:
5320:
4807:
4783:
3981:
3925:
3404:
2576:
2075:
1925:
1712:
129:
76:
2095:
5614:
4679:
4005:
3973:
3215:
1864:
1546:
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5558:
5502:
5416:
5408:
5304:
5202:
1215:
5787:
5162:
5031:
4951:
3885:
1993:
the creation of an underclass of future citizens and residents cannot be reconciled with one of the fundamental purposes of the
Fourteenth Amendment."
5384:
4983:
4799:
4775:
4476:
2646:
2024:
5940:
5686:
5678:
5296:
5098:
4887:
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2747:
2422:
1921:
5336:
4759:
4053:
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3313:
1852:
1847:
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5186:
4943:
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2565:
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5638:
5550:
4177:
3499:
3309:
3305:
1680:
5930:
4436:
2946:
2239:
1989:
to achieve." When those children are members of an identifiable class, the state has created a separable and identifiable underclass."
740:
5960:
5945:
5662:
5194:
4209:
3532:
1969:
drawn between resident immigrants whose entry into the United States was lawful, and resident immigrants whose entry was unlawful".
1932:
2928:
2901:
1239:
717:
690:
2301:
5950:
5925:
5475:
4340:
3941:
3808:
3409:
2835:
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1717:
1453:
722:
472:
4847:
4021:
3832:
3298:
2934:
1673:
1627:
728:
4201:
3466:
3399:
1707:
577:
5352:
5039:
5023:
4927:
3476:
2123:
1981:
Three of the four justices who joined the majority opinion written by Justice Brennan wrote their own concurring opinions.
1220:
627:
4935:
4045:
3222:
3070:
1553:
632:
5751:
5467:
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4656:
3317:
3191:
2906:
1897:
1521:
1400:
1082:
695:
582:
35:
5811:
3751:
3378:
3331:
2549:
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2405:
55:
5630:
4500:
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1812:
1581:
2187:
1103:
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3229:
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1560:
1096:
762:
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4068:
1047:
3852:
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3525:
3471:
3424:
2880:
1817:
1033:
642:
3176:
1319:
4608:
4460:
4412:
4153:
3768:
2614:
1759:
387:
2845:
652:
5494:
4664:
3965:
3816:
3364:
2860:
2513:, the Education of Undocumented Children, and the Polity". In Martin, David A.; Schuck, Peter H. (eds.).
1905:
1701:
1463:
1061:
1006:
607:
434:
5955:
4616:
2752:
2395:
1260:
557:
487:
5819:
5226:
5218:
4831:
4252:
4185:
3456:
3065:
2483:
2001:
Chief Justice Burger, joined by Justices White, Rehnquist, and O'Connor, wrote a dissenting opinion.
1807:
1764:
1496:
1068:
920:
477:
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2596:
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612:
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3060:
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1253:
1137:
849:
602:
507:
414:
2850:
2805:
2040:
expressed interest in attempting to overturn the case, following the leak of the draft opinion in
657:
552:
5859:
5424:
5280:
4541:
4468:
3861:
3776:
3146:
2131:
1802:
1425:
1284:
1151:
462:
429:
147:
5090:
3371:
2995:
2957:
2940:
1747:
1405:
1144:
734:
587:
370:
217:
173:
3510:
2533:
597:
5779:
5622:
5590:
5178:
4727:
3675:
3567:
3446:
3441:
3350:
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3201:
3181:
3050:
2911:
2580:
1929:
1797:
1792:
1638:
1595:
1532:
1395:
1324:
700:
482:
424:
133:
68:
2270:
1448:
5771:
5518:
5368:
5261:
5066:
4999:
4508:
4444:
4324:
4161:
3989:
3949:
3901:
3384:
3257:
3005:
2952:
2870:
2865:
2777:
2757:
2170:
2098:. The Telegraph (a newspaper in Nashua, New Hampshire). Associated Press. December 1, 1981.
1916:
1842:
1588:
1362:
999:
751:
617:
572:
512:
492:
3243:
2171:"In-State Tuition for Undocumented Immigrants: States' Rights and Educational Opportunity"
1574:
146:
Denial of public education to students not legally admitted into the country violates the
8:
5702:
5654:
5598:
5534:
5526:
5459:
5376:
5312:
4975:
4919:
4863:
4855:
4492:
4372:
4356:
4233:
4013:
3997:
3691:
3575:
3338:
3080:
2875:
2855:
1687:
839:
801:
672:
622:
197:
2587:
5763:
5582:
5574:
5400:
5360:
5328:
5245:
5114:
5106:
5074:
4991:
4815:
4767:
4743:
4711:
4632:
4576:
4568:
4420:
4316:
4131:
3800:
3715:
3644:
3555:
3344:
3208:
3171:
3015:
2830:
2825:
2737:
2706:
2696:
2605:
2455:
2351:
2343:
2214:
2070:
1539:
1415:
1314:
968:
963:
768:
592:
567:
457:
409:
349:
329:
2631:
2479:"Abbott says Texas could 'resurrect' SCOTUS case requiring states to educate all kids"
2188:"The 25th Anniversary of Plyler v. Doe: Access to Education and Undocumented Children"
5898:
5890:
5843:
5566:
5440:
5154:
4911:
4751:
4735:
4686:
4672:
4648:
4404:
4388:
4348:
4276:
4217:
3917:
3824:
3760:
3707:
3599:
3271:
2767:
2762:
2666:
2545:
2518:
2427:
2401:
2355:
2139:
2016:
2008:
1609:
1602:
542:
502:
497:
297:
209:
205:
185:
3000:
2109:
2011:
was so disgusted by the decision that he referred to illegal immigrant children as "
806:
5146:
5122:
4703:
4452:
4428:
4292:
3699:
3667:
3615:
3494:
3105:
3095:
3085:
3075:
2962:
2820:
2792:
2686:
2335:
1420:
1246:
1187:
1054:
1026:
915:
756:
667:
527:
305:
165:
71:
4968:
Northeastern Fla. Chapter, Associated Gen. Contractors of America v. Jacksonville
4560:
4300:
4169:
3723:
3683:
3607:
2922:
2782:
2742:
2732:
2190:. University of California at Berkeley: Berkeley Law. May 7, 2007. Archived from
2135:
1192:
1170:
1089:
877:
811:
711:
517:
467:
452:
5710:
5542:
5288:
5253:
5130:
4640:
4396:
4308:
4077:
3583:
3151:
3025:
3010:
2012:
1491:
1367:
1289:
992:
973:
404:
193:
5919:
5804:
Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank
4823:
4695:
4364:
4332:
4260:
4123:
4029:
3877:
3792:
3161:
3141:
3045:
3020:
2143:
1304:
1279:
816:
5718:
5082:
4268:
3623:
3166:
3120:
3110:
3035:
3030:
2047:
1486:
1458:
1377:
1309:
1130:
1075:
1040:
925:
905:
900:
882:
872:
746:
547:
2623:
4592:
3869:
3784:
3656:
3040:
2967:
2916:
2052:
2037:
1481:
1357:
1294:
867:
705:
181:
5048:
Students for Fair Admissions v. President and Fellows of Harvard College
2369:
5138:
3324:
2815:
2347:
2191:
1742:
662:
562:
419:
87:
5016:
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
4872:
Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp.
2568:
Texas After Violence Project and Human Rights Documentation Initiative
2240:"Public Education for Immigrant Students: Understanding Plyler v. Doe"
3125:
3100:
2423:"Gov. Abbott wants to ban unauthorized immigrants from Texas schools"
2176:. American Association of State Colleges and Universities. p. 2.
1123:
930:
109:
83:
2896:
2800:
2339:
537:
3934:
Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists
3156:
3055:
2711:
2566:
Interview with Attorney Larry Daves about his work on Plyler v. Doe
1937:
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996
1737:
1410:
1299:
910:
339:
117:
105:
1900:
struck down both a state statute denying funding for education of
821:
3115:
2701:
2691:
2681:
2662:
2451:"Texas Governor Ready to Challenge Schooling of Migrant Children"
844:
344:
334:
293:
3090:
1372:
4140:
Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York
3540:
3417:
2979:
2716:
1752:
354:
30:
4194:
Inyo County v. Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community
2326:
Monroe Leigh (January 1983). "Plyler v. Doe. 102 S.Ct. 2382".
637:
1896:, 457 U.S. 202 (1982), was a landmark decision in which the
2840:
2544:. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. pp. 118–132.
647:
113:
2110:"Financial Aid and Scholarships for Undocumented Students"
2096:"Court considers education for illegal immigrant children"
5828:
Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett
3732:
O'Gorman & Young, Inc. v. Hartford Fire Insurance Co.
4625:
Sipuel v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma
4038:
Box v. Planned Parenthood of Indiana and Kentucky, Inc.
2661:
4720:
Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County
2542:
Latinos and American Law: Landmark Supreme Court Cases
2124:"College Board wants more help for illegal immigrants"
234:
Brennan, joined by Marshall, Blackmun, Powell, Stevens
5936:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Burger Court
4784:
United States v. Montgomery County Board of Education
3926:
City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health
2076:
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 457
5615:
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez
4680:
Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County
4006:
Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England
5503:
Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Co.
2116:
5163:Personnel Administrator of Massachusetts v. Feeney
5032:Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action
3886:Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth
150:. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed.
4800:Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
4477:Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health
2394:Stern, Seth; Wermiel, Stephen (October 4, 2010).
2025:Texas v. Certain Named and Unnamed Alien Children
5917:
5679:City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc.
4888:Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
3482:List of Mexican-American political organizations
2538:(1982) and educating children of illegal aliens"
2517:. New York: Foundation Press. pp. 197–220.
4760:Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
4285:Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co.
1919:schooling. Other cases and legislation such as
5836:Nevada Department of Human Resources v. Hibbs
5187:Michael M. v. Superior Court of Sonoma County
4944:Board of Education of Oklahoma City v. Dowell
4792:Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education
4585:Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education
3526:
2647:
1872:
4054:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
3958:Ohio v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health
3841:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
2393:
2325:
2043:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
266:Burger, joined by White, Rehnquist, O'Connor
5639:Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia
5551:Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections
4540:
4178:Will v. Michigan Department of State Police
3500:Category:American people of Mexican descent
2019:, the only non-white justice on the court.
4904:Crawford v. Los Angeles Board of Education
4437:Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill
3533:
3519:
2654:
2640:
1985:of our most basic constitutional values."
1879:
1865:
5663:New York City Transit Authority v. Beazer
5195:Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan
4210:Fitzgerald v. Barnstable School Committee
2328:The American Journal of International Law
4896:Washington v. Seattle School Dist. No. 1
2508:
2476:
2420:
2046:. The draft opinion, written by Justice
1240:Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza
5941:United States equal protection case law
5607:Lehnhausen v. Lake Shore Auto Parts Co.
5476:Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. Ward
4341:Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur
3942:Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
3809:Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
3452:U.S. communities with Hispanic majority
2836:Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts
2531:
2448:
2168:
1454:Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts
5918:
5750:
4848:Keyes v. School District No. 1, Denver
3643:
3554:
1996:
1976:
5878:
5749:
4539:
4202:City of Rancho Palos Verdes v. Abrams
3642:
3553:
3514:
3467:List of Hispanic and Latino Americans
2635:
1904:children in the United States and an
18:1982 United States Supreme Court case
4928:Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education
4069:Section 1979 of the Revised Statutes
3477:List of Mexican-American communities
2902:1985–1987 Watsonville Cannery strike
2296:
2294:
2292:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2215:"Plyler v. Doe, 457 U.S. 202 (1982)"
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2022:This case was decided together with
1221:UCLA Chicano Studies Research Center
5695:Kadrmas v. Dickinson Public Schools
5511:Quaker City Cab Co. v. Commonwealth
4936:City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.
4046:June Medical Services, LLC v. Russo
4022:Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt
3833:Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt
3279:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.
3223:Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co.
2302:"Access to Education - Rule of Law"
2150:from the original on April 15, 2014
1617:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.
1554:Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co.
13:
5468:Arlington County Board v. Richards
5393:Examining Board v. Flores de Otero
5171:Wengler v. Druggists Mut. Ins. Co.
4657:McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents
3542:United States Fourteenth Amendment
2502:
1898:Supreme Court of the United States
1083:The Revolt of the Cockroach People
36:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
5972:
5931:United States Supreme Court cases
5812:Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents
5353:Takahashi v. Fish and Game Comm'n
2583:202 (1982) is available from:
2559:
2449:Goodman, J. David (May 5, 2022).
2289:
2258:
2198:
56:Tyler Independent School District
5961:Education in Tyler County, Texas
5946:United States education case law
5631:Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas
5040:Fisher v. University of Texas II
4501:Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal Co.
3071:Mexican-American women's fashion
2421:McKinley, Edward (May 5, 2022).
2061:and not a constitutional right.
1836:
304:
279:; Tex. Educ. Code Ann. § 21.031
29:
5345:Ohio ex rel. Clark v. Deckebach
5024:Fisher v. University of Texas I
4381:Moore v. City of East Cleveland
4226:Los Angeles County v. Humphries
3740:West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish
3216:San Antonio I.S.D. v. Rodriguez
2470:
2442:
2414:
2387:
2362:
2319:
2015:" in conference, which angered
1547:San Antonio I.S.D. v. Rodriguez
473:California agricultural strikes
5951:1982 in United States case law
5926:History of Latino civil rights
5211:J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel. T.B.
2509:Oliveras, Michael A. (2005). "
2477:Griswold, Niki (May 4, 2022).
2232:
2180:
2169:Russell, Alene (August 2007).
2162:
2102:
2088:
1048:From This Wicked Patch of Dust
54:James Plyler, Superintendent,
1:
4880:Dayton Bd. of Ed. v. Brinkman
4085:McNeese v. Board of Education
3592:United States v. Wong Kim Ark
2881:Occupation of Catalina Island
2856:Farm workers' rights campaign
2400:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
2277:. United States Supreme Court
2081:
1104:...y no se lo tragĂł la tierra
643:Occupation of Catalina Island
104:Judgment for plaintiffs, 458
4609:Hirabayashi v. United States
4461:DeShaney v. Winnebago County
4413:Logan v. Zimmerman Brush Co.
4154:Owen v. City of Independence
3769:Pierce v. Society of Sisters
2244:American Immigration Council
2112:. FinAid.org. March 5, 2020.
2031:
1760:Indigenous Mexican Americans
1464:Self Help Graphics & Art
58:, et al. v. John Doe, et al.
7:
5495:United States v. Cruikshank
4665:Brown v. Board of Education
3966:Planned Parenthood v. Casey
3817:Planned Parenthood v. Casey
2532:Soltero, Carlos R. (2006).
2064:
2036:In May 2022 Texas Governor
1906:independent school district
1062:The Dirty Girls Social Club
435:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
10:
5977:
4617:Korematsu v. United States
2624:Oyez (oral argument audio)
1951:
1942:
1261:This Bridge Called My Back
1007:Who Would Have Thought It?
5885:
5879:
5874:
5820:United States v. Morrison
5758:
5745:
5486:
5451:
5272:
5237:
5227:United States v. Skrmetti
5219:United States v. Virginia
5058:
4832:Guey Heung Lee v. Johnson
4552:
4548:
4535:
4253:Jacobson v. Massachusetts
4244:
4186:Gonzaga University v. Doe
4064:
3851:
3750:
3655:
3651:
3638:
3562:
3549:
3490:
3434:
3288:
3190:
3134:
3066:Mexican-American folklore
2988:
2889:
2846:Plan Espiritual de Aztlán
2791:
2725:
2674:
2484:Austin American-Statesman
1765:Punjabi Mexican Americans
1497:Great Wall of Los Angeles
1069:The House on Mango Street
921:Mexican-American folklore
653:Plan Espiritual de Aztlán
478:Cantaloupe strike of 1928
275:
270:
262:
254:
246:
238:
230:
225:
159:
154:
145:
140:
124:
100:
95:
63:
49:
42:
28:
23:
5852:United States v. Georgia
5796:City of Boerne v. Flores
4960:United States v. Fordice
4517:Williams v. Pennsylvania
4485:Washington v. Glucksberg
3061:Mexican-American cuisine
1843:United States portal
1254:The Church in the Barrio
1114:Poetry and Short Stories
850:Mexican-American cuisine
691:1985–1987 cannery strike
5860:Shelby County v. Holder
5425:Cabell v. Chavez-Salido
5281:Patsone v. Pennsylvania
4542:Equal Protection Clause
4469:Michael H. v. Gerald D.
3862:United States v. Vuitch
3777:Griswold v. Connecticut
3251:Flores-Figueroa v. U.S.
3147:Coyolxauhqui imperative
2128:usatoday30.usatoday.com
1582:Flores-Figueroa v. U.S.
1426:Royal Chicano Air Force
1285:Coyolxauhqui imperative
1097:Under the Feet of Jesus
148:Equal Protection Clause
43:Argued December 1, 1981
5727:Armour v. Indianapolis
5091:Moritz v. Commissioner
4147:Procunier v. Navarette
4065:Civil rights liability
3853:Abortion jurisprudence
3230:U.S. v. Brignoni-Ponce
2996:Anti-Mexican sentiment
2958:Killing of Adam Toledo
2941:Great American Boycott
2811:Centro de Arte PĂşblico
1902:undocumented immigrant
1561:U.S. v. Brignoni-Ponce
1444:Centro de Arte PĂşblico
1406:East Los Streetscapers
1145:Pensamiento Serpentino
735:Great American Boycott
613:Las Adelitas de Aztlán
583:Conferencia de Mujeres
371:Anti-Mexican sentiment
277:U.S. Const. amend. XIV
174:William J. Brennan Jr.
5780:Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer
5623:Richardson v. Ramirez
5591:Boddie v. Connecticut
5179:Kirchberg v. Feenstra
5008:Johnson v. California
4728:McLaughlin v. Florida
4116:O'Connor v. Donaldson
3676:Allgeyer v. Louisiana
3568:Slaughter-House Cases
3265:Mendez v. Westminster
3202:Botiller v. Dominguez
3182:Youth control complex
3051:Estrada Courts murals
2912:2019 El Paso shooting
2890:Post-Chicano Movement
2851:Plan de Santa Bárbara
2806:CatĂłlicos por La Raza
1639:Madrigal v. Quilligan
1596:Mendez v. Westminster
1533:Botiller v. Dominguez
1325:Youth control complex
701:2019 El Paso shooting
658:Plan de Santa Bárbara
553:CatĂłlicos por La Raza
483:Citrus Strike of 1936
425:San Elizario Salt War
396:Early-American Period
112:1978); affirmed, 628
90:124; 50 U.S.L.W. 4650
45:Decided June 15, 1982
5772:Katzenbach v. Morgan
5519:Breedlove v. Suttles
5369:Graham v. Richardson
5262:Obergefell v. Hodges
5067:Breedlove v. Suttles
5000:Grutter v. Bollinger
4840:Jefferson v. Hackney
4509:Obergefell v. Hodges
4445:Edwards v. Aguillard
4325:Epperson v. Arkansas
4162:Harlow v. Fitzgerald
4097:Jenkins v. McKeithen
3990:Mazurek v. Armstrong
3950:Hodgson v. Minnesota
3910:Bellotti v. Baird II
3902:Colautti v. Franklin
3657:Economic substantive
3258:Leal Garcia v. Texas
2953:Justice for Janitors
2871:Los Siete de la Raza
2866:Colegio César Chávez
2758:Mexican Repatriation
2726:Pre-Chicano Movement
2306:United States Courts
1959:Fourteenth Amendment
1935: (1979) and the
1915:has been limited to
1589:Leal Garcia v. Texas
1211:MAS Programs, Tucson
1000:Living Up the Street
752:Justice for Janitors
618:Los Siete de la Raza
573:Colegio César Chávez
493:Mexican Repatriation
444:Pre-Chicano Movement
415:Mexican–American War
82:102 S. Ct. 2382; 72
5703:Gregory v. Ashcroft
5671:Mills v. Habluetzel
5655:Zablocki v. Redhail
5599:Eisenstadt v. Baird
5535:Oyama v. California
5527:Skinner v. Oklahoma
5460:Shapiro v. Thompson
5377:Sugarman v. Dougall
5321:Porterfield v. Webb
5313:Terrace v. Thompson
4976:Missouri v. Jenkins
4920:Hunter v. Underwood
4864:Milliken v. Bradley
4856:Norwood v. Harrison
4808:McDaniel v. Barresi
4493:Troxel v. Granville
4373:Mathews v. Eldridge
4357:Taylor v. Louisiana
4234:Connick v. Thompson
4014:Gonzales v. Carhart
3998:Stenberg v. Carhart
3982:Lambert v. Wicklund
3894:Bellotti v. Baird I
3692:Lochner v. New York
3576:Minor v. Happersett
3081:New Mexican cuisine
2907:1992 Drywall Strike
2876:Los Seis de Boulder
2861:Land grant struggle
2778:Sleepy Lagoon trial
2615:Library of Congress
2515:Immigration Stories
1997:Dissenting opinions
1977:Concurring opinions
1911:The application of
1628:Federal Court cases
1522:Supreme Court cases
840:New Mexican cuisine
802:Abrazos, no balazos
723:Chicano Art Exhibit
696:1992 Drywall Strike
682:Post-Chicano Period
673:United Farm Workers
623:Los Seis de Boulder
608:Land grant struggle
598:Hijas de Cuauhtémoc
513:Sleepy Lagoon trial
288:Part of a series on
218:Sandra Day O'Connor
198:Lewis F. Powell Jr.
5764:Civil Rights Cases
5752:Enforcement Clause
5583:Oregon v. Mitchell
5575:Williams v. Rhodes
5401:Nyquist v. Mauclet
5361:Hernandez v. Texas
5246:Bowers v. Hardwick
5238:Sexual orientation
5115:Stanton v. Stanton
5107:Geduldig v. Aiello
5075:Goesaert v. Cleary
4992:Gratz v. Bollinger
4816:Palmer v. Thompson
4768:Hunter v. Erickson
4744:Loving v. Virginia
4712:Anderson v. Martin
4633:Shelley v. Kraemer
4577:Plessy v. Ferguson
4569:Yick Wo v. Hopkins
4421:Kolender v. Lawson
4317:Loving v. Virginia
4132:Imbler v. Pachtman
4109:Wood v. Strickland
3974:Leavitt v. Jane L.
3801:Bowers v. Hardwick
3716:Buchanan v. Warley
3645:Due Process Clause
3556:Citizenship Clause
3289:By city and region
3209:Hernandez v. Texas
3172:Spiritual activism
3016:Chicano literature
2831:Chicano Moratorium
2738:Bisbee Deportation
2456:The New York Times
2071:Gallegly amendment
1664:Population by City
1540:Hernandez v. Texas
1449:GalerĂa de la Raza
1416:Mujeres Muralistas
1315:Spiritual activism
969:Chicano literature
964:Chicana literature
769:South Central Farm
593:East L.A. walkouts
568:Chicano Moratorium
458:Bisbee Deportation
410:Las Gorras Blancas
170:Associate Justices
128:Rehearing denied,
5956:1982 in education
5913:
5912:
5909:
5908:
5899:Trump v. Anderson
5891:Gold Clause Cases
5870:
5869:
5844:Tennessee v. Lane
5741:
5740:
5737:
5736:
5647:Trimble v. Gordon
5567:Levy v. Louisiana
5559:Rinaldi v. Yeager
5441:Bernal v. Fainter
5417:Ambach v. Norwick
5409:Foley v. Connelie
5305:Crane v. New York
5203:Lehr v. Robertson
5155:Caban v. Mohammed
4912:Palmore v. Sidoti
4752:Lee v. Washington
4736:Reitman v. Mulkey
4687:Gebhart v. Belton
4673:Briggs v. Elliott
4649:Sweatt v. Painter
4531:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4405:Parratt v. Taylor
4389:Duren v. Missouri
4349:Arnett v. Kennedy
4277:Powell v. Alabama
4218:Ashcroft v. Iqbal
4103:Scheuer v. Rhodes
3918:H. L. v. Matheson
3825:Lawrence v. Texas
3761:Meyer v. Nebraska
3708:Coppage v. Kansas
3634:
3633:
3600:Perez v. Brownell
3508:
3507:
3457:Mexican Americans
3405:Dallas–Fort Worth
3272:Bernal v. Fainter
3244:MedellĂn v. Texas
2773:Porvenir Massacre
2768:Plan de San Diego
2763:Operation Wetback
2428:Houston Chronicle
2194:on July 15, 2010.
2138:. July 22, 2009.
2132:Tysons Corner, VA
2050:, would overturn
2017:Thurgood Marshall
2009:William Rehnquist
1889:
1888:
1826:
1825:
1808:Mexican Americans
1773:
1772:
1713:Dallas–Fort Worth
1648:
1647:
1610:Perez v. Brownell
1603:Bernal v. Fainter
1575:MedellĂn v. Texas
1505:
1504:
1435:Art organizations
1333:
1332:
1161:
1160:
1138:Moment of Silence
939:
938:
777:
776:
543:Black-brown unity
508:Porvenir Massacre
503:Plan de San Diego
498:Operation Wetback
378:
377:
298:Mexican Americans
283:
282:
206:William Rehnquist
186:Thurgood Marshall
5968:
5876:
5875:
5788:Dellmuth v. Muth
5747:
5746:
5147:Parham v. Hughes
5123:Edwards v. Healy
4952:Freeman v. Pitts
4707:(M.D. Ala. 1956)
4704:Browder v. Gayle
4550:
4549:
4537:
4536:
4453:Turner v. Safley
4429:Hudson v. Palmer
4293:NAACP v. Alabama
3752:Right to privacy
3700:Muller v. Oregon
3668:Mugler v. Kansas
3653:
3652:
3640:
3639:
3616:Rogers v. Bellei
3551:
3550:
3535:
3528:
3521:
3512:
3511:
3495:Category:Chicano
3425:Salt Lake Valley
3135:Chicana/o Theory
3106:Teatro Campesino
3096:Regional Mexican
3086:New Mexico music
3076:Mexican muralism
2963:Murder of Selena
2826:Chicano Blowouts
2821:Chicana feminism
2793:Chicano Movement
2687:Mexican American
2667:Mexican American
2656:
2649:
2642:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2595:
2592:
2586:
2555:
2528:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2298:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2267:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2211:
2196:
2195:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2092:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1786:
1785:
1661:
1660:
1518:
1517:
1421:Teatro Campesino
1346:
1345:
1247:Brown, Not White
1188:Chicana feminism
1176:
1175:
1055:Mexican WhiteBoy
1027:Bless Me, Ultima
983:Autobiographical
952:
951:
916:Lowrider bicycle
790:
789:
757:Murder of Selena
668:Raza Unida Party
528:Chicano Movement
463:Bloody Christmas
393:
392:
319:
318:
308:
285:
284:
166:Warren E. Burger
155:Court membership
33:
32:
21:
20:
5976:
5975:
5971:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5966:
5965:
5916:
5915:
5914:
5905:
5881:
5866:
5754:
5733:
5482:
5447:
5385:In re Griffiths
5329:Webb v. O'Brien
5268:
5233:
5054:
4984:Texas v. Lesage
4776:Hadnott v. Amos
4561:Pace v. Alabama
4544:
4523:
4301:Hoyt v. Florida
4240:
4170:Felder v. Casey
4066:
4060:
3847:
3746:
3724:Adams v. Tanner
3684:Holden v. Hardy
3658:
3647:
3630:
3608:Afroyim v. Rusk
3558:
3545:
3539:
3509:
3504:
3486:
3430:
3284:
3186:
3130:
3116:Tex-Mex cuisine
2984:
2974:Proposition 187
2923:Arizona SB 1070
2885:
2787:
2783:Zoot Suit Riots
2743:Bracero program
2733:1917 Bath riots
2721:
2670:
2660:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2602:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2584:
2562:
2552:
2525:
2505:
2503:Further reading
2500:
2499:
2489:
2487:
2475:
2471:
2461:
2459:
2447:
2443:
2433:
2431:
2419:
2415:
2408:
2397:Justice Brennan
2392:
2388:
2378:
2376:
2370:"Plyler v. Doe"
2368:
2367:
2363:
2340:10.2307/2201208
2324:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2300:
2299:
2290:
2280:
2278:
2271:"Plyler v. Doe"
2269:
2268:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2246:. June 15, 2012
2238:
2237:
2233:
2223:
2221:
2213:
2212:
2199:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2153:
2151:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2067:
2034:
1999:
1979:
1954:
1945:
1885:
1837:
1835:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1803:Chicano rappers
1783:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1724:
1658:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1622:
1515:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1468:
1430:
1387:Art Collectives
1382:
1343:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1266:
1225:
1197:
1193:Chicanafuturism
1173:
1171:Chicano studies
1163:
1162:
1157:
1109:
1090:So Far from God
1012:
978:
949:
941:
940:
935:
887:
854:
845:Tex-Mex cuisine
826:
812:Chicano English
787:
779:
778:
773:
763:Proposition 187
712:Arizona SB 1070
677:
558:Centro Cultural
522:
518:Zoot Suit Riots
468:Bracero program
453:1917 Bath riots
439:
390:
380:
379:
316:
210:John P. Stevens
208:
196:
184:
136:1131 (1982)
91:
44:
38:
19:
12:
11:
5:
5974:
5964:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5911:
5910:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5903:
5895:
5886:
5883:
5882:
5872:
5871:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5856:
5848:
5840:
5832:
5824:
5816:
5808:
5800:
5792:
5784:
5776:
5768:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5743:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5731:
5723:
5715:
5711:Vacco v. Quill
5707:
5699:
5691:
5687:Clark v. Jeter
5683:
5675:
5667:
5659:
5651:
5643:
5635:
5627:
5619:
5611:
5603:
5595:
5587:
5579:
5571:
5563:
5555:
5547:
5543:Oyler v. Boles
5539:
5531:
5523:
5515:
5507:
5499:
5490:
5488:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5472:
5464:
5455:
5453:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5437:
5429:
5421:
5413:
5405:
5397:
5389:
5381:
5373:
5365:
5357:
5349:
5341:
5333:
5325:
5317:
5309:
5301:
5297:Heim v. McCall
5293:
5289:Truax v. Raich
5285:
5276:
5274:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5266:
5258:
5254:Romer v. Evans
5250:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5231:
5223:
5215:
5207:
5199:
5191:
5183:
5175:
5167:
5159:
5151:
5143:
5135:
5131:Craig v. Boren
5127:
5119:
5111:
5103:
5099:Kahn v. Shevin
5095:
5087:
5079:
5071:
5062:
5060:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5044:
5036:
5028:
5020:
5012:
5004:
4996:
4988:
4980:
4972:
4964:
4956:
4948:
4940:
4932:
4924:
4916:
4908:
4900:
4892:
4884:
4876:
4868:
4860:
4852:
4844:
4836:
4828:
4820:
4812:
4804:
4796:
4788:
4780:
4772:
4764:
4756:
4748:
4740:
4732:
4724:
4716:
4708:
4700:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4683:
4676:
4661:
4653:
4645:
4641:Perez v. Sharp
4637:
4629:
4621:
4613:
4605:
4601:Smith v. Texas
4597:
4589:
4581:
4573:
4565:
4556:
4554:
4546:
4545:
4533:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4513:
4505:
4497:
4489:
4481:
4473:
4465:
4457:
4449:
4441:
4433:
4425:
4417:
4409:
4401:
4397:Parham v. J.R.
4393:
4385:
4377:
4369:
4361:
4353:
4345:
4337:
4329:
4321:
4313:
4309:Oyler v. Boles
4305:
4297:
4289:
4281:
4273:
4265:
4257:
4248:
4246:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4230:
4222:
4214:
4206:
4198:
4190:
4182:
4174:
4166:
4158:
4150:
4144:
4136:
4128:
4120:
4112:
4106:
4100:
4094:
4091:Pierson v. Ray
4088:
4082:
4078:Monroe v. Pape
4073:
4071:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4050:
4042:
4034:
4026:
4018:
4010:
4002:
3994:
3986:
3978:
3970:
3962:
3954:
3946:
3938:
3930:
3922:
3914:
3906:
3898:
3890:
3882:
3874:
3866:
3857:
3855:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3837:
3829:
3821:
3813:
3805:
3797:
3789:
3781:
3773:
3765:
3756:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3736:
3728:
3720:
3712:
3704:
3696:
3688:
3680:
3672:
3663:
3661:
3649:
3648:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3620:
3612:
3604:
3596:
3588:
3584:Elk v. Wilkins
3580:
3572:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3547:
3546:
3538:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3515:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3387:
3382:
3375:
3372:Nuevomexicanos
3368:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3247:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3197:
3195:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3152:Gringo justice
3149:
3144:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3026:Chicano poetry
3023:
3018:
3013:
3011:Chicano cinema
3008:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
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2943:
2938:
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2926:
2919:
2914:
2909:
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2899:
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2714:
2709:
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2699:
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2684:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2659:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2597:Google Scholar
2569:
2561:
2560:External links
2558:
2557:
2556:
2550:
2529:
2523:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2469:
2441:
2413:
2406:
2386:
2361:
2334:(1): 151–153.
2318:
2288:
2257:
2231:
2197:
2179:
2161:
2115:
2101:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2066:
2063:
2033:
2030:
1998:
1995:
1978:
1975:
1953:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1922:Toll v. Moreno
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1861:
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1768:
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1762:
1757:
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1748:Nuevomexicanos
1745:
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1726:
1725:
1723:
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1715:
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1499:
1494:
1492:Estrada Courts
1489:
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1398:
1392:
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1383:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1368:Chicano cinema
1365:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1290:Gringo justice
1287:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1243:
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1199:
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1037:
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1022:
1019:
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1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1003:
996:
993:Always Running
988:
985:
984:
980:
979:
977:
976:
974:Chicano poetry
971:
966:
960:
957:
956:
950:
947:
946:
943:
942:
937:
936:
934:
933:
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675:
670:
665:
660:
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650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
603:Huelga schools
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
534:
531:
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510:
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455:
449:
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432:
427:
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417:
412:
407:
405:Josefa Segovia
401:
398:
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391:
386:
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382:
381:
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365:
364:
360:
359:
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248:
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236:
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194:Harry Blackmun
171:
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157:
156:
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143:
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138:
137:
126:
122:
121:
102:
98:
97:
93:
92:
81:
65:
61:
60:
51:
50:Full case name
47:
46:
40:
39:
34:
26:
25:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5973:
5962:
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5462:
5461:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5450:
5443:
5442:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5433:Plyler v. Doe
5430:
5427:
5426:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5398:
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5363:
5362:
5358:
5355:
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5350:
5347:
5346:
5342:
5339:
5338:
5337:Frick v. Webb
5334:
5331:
5330:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5310:
5307:
5306:
5302:
5299:
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5021:
5018:
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5010:
5009:
5005:
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4997:
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4989:
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4922:
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4917:
4914:
4913:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4898:
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4893:
4890:
4889:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4877:
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4857:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4824:Coit v. Green
4821:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4753:
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4737:
4733:
4730:
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4725:
4722:
4721:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4696:Lucy v. Adams
4693:
4689:
4688:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4630:
4627:
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4622:
4619:
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4614:
4611:
4610:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4595:
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4590:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4579:
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4506:
4503:
4502:
4498:
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4490:
4487:
4486:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4466:
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4462:
4458:
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4454:
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4434:
4431:
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4426:
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4418:
4415:
4414:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4365:Goss v. Lopez
4362:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4333:In re Winship
4330:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4261:Zucht v. King
4258:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4124:Paul v. Davis
4121:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4030:Azar v. Garza
4027:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3878:Doe v. Bolton
3875:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3793:Doe v. Bolton
3790:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3641:
3637:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3597:
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3593:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3552:
3548:
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3531:
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3524:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3447:Chicano poets
3445:
3443:
3442:Chicano films
3440:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3389:Pennsylvania
3388:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3379:New York City
3376:
3373:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3314:San Francisco
3311:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3237:Plyler v. Doe
3234:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:Supreme Court
3189:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3162:New tribalism
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3142:Barrioization
3140:
3139:
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3046:Cinco de Mayo
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3021:Chicano names
3019:
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2607:
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2589:
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2574:
2573:Plyler v. Doe
2570:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2553:
2551:0-292-71411-4
2547:
2543:
2539:
2537:
2536:Plyler v. Doe
2530:
2526:
2524:1-62810-718-9
2520:
2516:
2512:
2511:Plyler v. Doe
2507:
2506:
2486:
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2407:9780547523897
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2020:
2018:
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2010:
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1994:
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1966:
1962:
1960:
1949:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1913:Plyler v. Doe
1909:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
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1893:Plyler v. Doe
1882:
1877:
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1870:
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1816:
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1809:
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1798:Chicano poets
1796:
1794:
1793:Chicano films
1791:
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1568:Plyler v. Doe
1565:
1563:
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1401:Culture Clash
1399:
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1305:New tribalism
1303:
1301:
1298:
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1280:Barrioization
1278:
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1202:Organizations
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848:
846:
843:
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823:
820:
818:
817:Chicano names
815:
813:
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808:
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783:
782:
770:
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226:Case opinions
224:
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215:
211:
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199:
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191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
172:
169:
167:
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162:Chief Justice
161:
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153:
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144:
139:
135:
131:
127:
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85:
79:
78:
73:
70:
66:
62:
59:
57:
52:
48:
41:
37:
27:
24:Plyler v. Doe
22:
16:
5897:
5889:
5858:
5850:
5842:
5834:
5826:
5818:
5810:
5802:
5794:
5786:
5778:
5770:
5762:
5725:
5719:Bush v. Gore
5717:
5709:
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5693:
5685:
5677:
5669:
5661:
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5169:
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5105:
5097:
5089:
5083:Reed v. Reed
5081:
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4982:
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4355:
4347:
4339:
4331:
4323:
4315:
4307:
4299:
4291:
4283:
4275:
4269:Buck v. Bell
4267:
4259:
4251:
4232:
4224:
4216:
4208:
4200:
4192:
4184:
4176:
4168:
4160:
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4108:
4102:
4096:
4090:
4084:
4076:
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4036:
4028:
4020:
4012:
4004:
3996:
3988:
3980:
3972:
3964:
3956:
3948:
3940:
3932:
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3916:
3908:
3900:
3892:
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3876:
3868:
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3839:
3831:
3823:
3815:
3807:
3799:
3791:
3783:
3775:
3767:
3759:
3738:
3730:
3722:
3714:
3706:
3698:
3690:
3682:
3674:
3666:
3624:Saenz v. Roe
3622:
3614:
3606:
3598:
3590:
3582:
3574:
3566:
3472:Bibliography
3393:Philadelphia
3370:New Mexico (
3323:California (
3277:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3167:Rasquachismo
3121:Tortilla art
3111:Tejano music
3036:Chicano rock
3031:Chicano Park
2972:
2945:
2933:
2921:
2572:
2541:
2535:
2514:
2510:
2488:. Retrieved
2482:
2472:
2460:. Retrieved
2454:
2444:
2432:. Retrieved
2426:
2416:
2396:
2389:
2377:. Retrieved
2373:
2364:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2309:. Retrieved
2305:
2279:. Retrieved
2274:
2248:. Retrieved
2243:
2234:
2222:. Retrieved
2218:
2192:the original
2182:
2164:
2152:. Retrieved
2127:
2118:
2104:
2090:
2058:
2051:
2048:Samuel Alito
2041:
2035:
2023:
2021:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1955:
1946:
1920:
1912:
1910:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1818:Bibliography
1679:California (
1637:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1487:Chicano Park
1459:Precita Eyes
1378:Tortilla art
1310:Rasquachismo
1259:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1131:I Am Joaquin
1129:
1122:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1076:The Rain God
1074:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1041:Desert Blood
1039:
1032:
1025:
1005:
998:
991:
926:Pancho Claus
901:Cal-Style VW
883:Tejano music
878:Chicano soul
873:Chicano rock
761:
747:Farah strike
739:
727:
710:
548:Brown Berets
271:Laws applied
213:
201:
189:
177:
96:Case history
75:
53:
15:
4644:(Cal. 1948)
4593:Lum v. Rice
3870:Roe v. Wade
3785:Roe v. Wade
3659:due process
3325:Californios
3310:Los Angeles
3041:Chicano rap
3006:Chicano art
2968:Party crews
2929:Castro 2020
2917:Abolish ICE
2379:February 5,
2374:Ballotpedia
2311:February 5,
2250:February 4,
2224:February 4,
2053:Roe v. Wade
2038:Greg Abbott
1743:Californios
1729:Multiethnic
1681:Los Angeles
1482:Balmy Alley
1363:Chicano art
1358:Chicana art
1295:Nahui Ollin
868:Chicano rap
718:Castro 2020
706:Abolish ICE
255:Concurrence
247:Concurrence
239:Concurrence
182:Byron White
5920:Categories
5139:Orr v. Orr
3377:New York (
3363:Nebraska (
3356:Michigan (
3349:Maryland (
3337:Illinois (
3330:Colorado (
3306:California
2816:Chicanismo
2753:La Matanza
2748:Korean War
2219:Justia Law
2082:References
1700:Nebraska (
1693:Michigan (
1686:Illinois (
1657:Population
1349:Visual Art
1342:Visual art
955:Literature
948:Literature
663:Quinto Sol
563:Chicanismo
488:La Matanza
430:Sonoratown
420:Mutualista
125:Subsequent
88:U.S. LEXIS
86:786; 1982
5452:Residency
3351:Baltimore
3318:San Diego
3177:VergĂĽenza
3126:Zoot suit
3101:Skull art
2356:147622982
2154:April 15,
2144:0734-7456
2032:Aftermath
1738:Blaxicans
1672:Arizona (
1473:Locations
1320:VergĂĽenza
1152:The Moths
1124:Emplumada
1034:Caballero
931:Zoot suit
110:E.D. Tex.
84:L. Ed. 2d
64:Citations
5273:Alienage
3544:case law
3385:Oklahoma
3295:Arizona
3157:Nepantla
3056:Lowrider
2712:Blaxican
2571:Text of
2281:July 24,
2148:Archived
2065:See also
2013:wetbacks
1848:Category
1411:Los Four
1300:Nepantla
911:Lowrider
793:Language
363:Concepts
322:Identity
294:Chicanos
250:Blackmun
242:Marshall
231:Majority
118:5th Cir.
106:F. Supp.
4668:(1954)
3462:Writers
3418:Tejanos
3416:Texas (
3410:Houston
3358:Detroit
3339:Chicago
2989:Culture
2702:Pachuco
2692:La Raza
2682:Chicano
2663:Chicano
2588:Cornell
2490:May 15,
2462:May 15,
2348:2201208
2275:FindLaw
2136:Gannett
1952:Summary
1943:History
1813:Writers
1753:Tejanos
1718:Houston
1695:Detroit
1688:Chicago
892:Symbols
786:Culture
388:History
350:Pinta/o
345:Pachuco
340:Pachuca
335:La Raza
330:Chola/o
263:Dissent
141:Holding
5902:(2024)
5894:(1935)
5863:(2013)
5855:(2006)
5847:(2004)
5839:(2003)
5831:(2001)
5823:(2000)
5815:(2000)
5807:(1999)
5799:(1997)
5791:(1989)
5783:(1976)
5775:(1966)
5767:(1883)
5730:(2012)
5722:(2000)
5714:(1997)
5706:(1991)
5698:(1988)
5690:(1988)
5682:(1985)
5674:(1982)
5666:(1979)
5658:(1978)
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5602:(1972)
5594:(1971)
5586:(1970)
5578:(1968)
5570:(1968)
5562:(1966)
5554:(1966)
5546:(1962)
5538:(1948)
5530:(1942)
5522:(1937)
5514:(1928)
5506:(1886)
5498:(1876)
5479:(1985)
5471:(1977)
5463:(1969)
5444:(1984)
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5428:(1982)
5420:(1979)
5412:(1978)
5404:(1977)
5396:(1976)
5388:(1973)
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5372:(1971)
5364:(1954)
5356:(1948)
5348:(1927)
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5324:(1923)
5316:(1923)
5308:(1915)
5300:(1915)
5292:(1915)
5284:(1914)
5265:(2015)
5257:(1996)
5249:(1986)
5230:(2024)
5222:(1996)
5214:(1994)
5206:(1983)
5198:(1982)
5190:(1981)
5182:(1981)
5174:(1980)
5166:(1979)
5158:(1979)
5150:(1979)
5142:(1979)
5134:(1976)
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5118:(1975)
5110:(1974)
5102:(1974)
5094:(1972)
5086:(1971)
5078:(1948)
5070:(1937)
5051:(2023)
5043:(2016)
5035:(2014)
5027:(2013)
5019:(2007)
5011:(2005)
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4987:(1999)
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4787:(1969)
4779:(1969)
4771:(1969)
4763:(1968)
4755:(1968)
4747:(1967)
4739:(1967)
4731:(1964)
4723:(1964)
4715:(1964)
4699:(1955)
4660:(1950)
4652:(1950)
4636:(1948)
4628:(1948)
4620:(1944)
4612:(1943)
4604:(1940)
4596:(1927)
4588:(1899)
4580:(1896)
4572:(1886)
4564:(1883)
4520:(2016)
4512:(2015)
4504:(2009)
4496:(2000)
4488:(1997)
4480:(1990)
4472:(1989)
4464:(1989)
4456:(1987)
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4328:(1968)
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4304:(1961)
4296:(1958)
4288:(1950)
4280:(1932)
4272:(1927)
4264:(1922)
4256:(1905)
4237:(2011)
4229:(2010)
4221:(2009)
4213:(2009)
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4197:(2003)
4189:(2002)
4181:(1989)
4173:(1988)
4165:(1982)
4157:(1980)
4149:(1978)
4143:(1978)
4135:(1976)
4127:(1976)
4119:(1975)
4111:(1975)
4105:(1974)
4099:(1969)
4093:(1967)
4087:(1963)
4081:(1961)
4067:under
4057:(2022)
4049:(2020)
4041:(2019)
4033:(2018)
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4009:(2006)
4001:(2000)
3993:(1997)
3985:(1997)
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3953:(1990)
3945:(1989)
3937:(1986)
3929:(1983)
3921:(1981)
3913:(1979)
3905:(1979)
3897:(1976)
3889:(1976)
3881:(1973)
3873:(1973)
3865:(1971)
3844:(2022)
3836:(2016)
3828:(2003)
3820:(1992)
3812:(1989)
3804:(1986)
3796:(1973)
3788:(1973)
3780:(1965)
3772:(1925)
3764:(1923)
3743:(1937)
3735:(1931)
3727:(1917)
3719:(1917)
3711:(1915)
3703:(1908)
3695:(1905)
3687:(1898)
3679:(1897)
3671:(1887)
3627:(1999)
3619:(1971)
3611:(1967)
3603:(1958)
3595:(1898)
3587:(1884)
3579:(1875)
3571:(1873)
3423:Utah (
3345:Kansas
3332:Denver
3299:Tucson
2980:Xicanx
2897:Aztlán
2801:Aztlán
2717:Xicanx
2669:topics
2627:
2621:
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2609:
2606:Justia
2603:
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2548:
2521:
2434:May 5,
2404:
2354:
2346:
2142:
2059:Plyler
1674:Tucson
1271:Theory
1179:Fields
1017:Novels
906:Homies
538:Aztlán
355:Xicanx
258:Powell
216:
214:·
212:
204:
202:·
200:
192:
190:·
188:
180:
178:·
176:
5880:Other
5487:Other
4245:Other
3435:Lists
3400:Texas
3365:Omaha
3194:cases
2707:Pinto
2697:Cholo
2675:Terms
2579:
2352:S2CID
2344:JSTOR
2174:(PDF)
1928:
1853:Index
1782:Lists
1708:Texas
1702:Omaha
1230:Texts
1216:NACCS
859:Music
822:Ă“rale
638:MEChA
315:Terms
132:
120:1980)
116:448 (
108:569 (
101:Prior
4553:Race
3091:Paño
3001:CalĂł
2947:IRCA
2935:DACA
2841:PCUN
2665:and
2581:U.S.
2546:ISBN
2519:ISBN
2492:2022
2464:2022
2436:2022
2402:ISBN
2381:2022
2313:2022
2283:2019
2252:2022
2226:2022
2156:2014
2140:ISSN
1930:U.S.
1917:K–12
1396:Asco
1373:Paño
831:Food
807:CalĂł
741:IRCA
729:DACA
648:PCUN
633:MAYO
628:MANA
578:CFMN
296:and
134:U.S.
114:F.2d
77:more
69:U.S.
67:457
5059:Sex
2577:457
2336:doi
1933:458
1926:441
1514:Law
588:CRP
130:458
72:202
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