32:
978:
1306:
the territory from the centre, while those seeking a more federal structure wanted territorial autonomy including a right to make their own territorial subdivisions. Another writer says that provinces, as instruments of centralist thinking, are anomalous in a constitution that created a framework of autonomous communities.
1185:, the national government contains all three branches of government (judiciary, executive and legislative); regional governments only have executive and (unicameral) legislative branches (no judiciary). Local government is administrative only and their regulations must adhere to national and regional law.
1367:
is the autonomous community and autonomous cities (19 in all) and NUTS level 3 and OECD territorial level 3 include the 50 provinces, seven islands and two autonomous cities (59 in all). NUTS also has two divisions of local administration which are the provinces again (local administration unit level
1305:
The first draft of the
Constitution proposed the abolition of provinces. Their existence in the final version was a particularly ambiguous compromise during constitutional negotiations whereby the older system of provinces was sought by those desirous of a unitary structure, as a means of controlling
1196:
It has been suggested that the territorial model is the most imprecise and deliberately ambiguous area of the
Constitution due to unresolved controversy and political tensions when it was being negotiated. Although Spain is considered one of the most decentralised countries in Europe, its form is not
1119:
In practice most local government power is vested in municipalities; provincial councils are limited to providing support for smaller municipalities. Nevertheless (and ignoring the lack of administrative function in nine provinces) taken together, the 50 provinces, 7 islands and two autonomous cities
1328:
The Local
Government Act allows each region to determine the activities of provincial councils. The 2006 Statue of Autonomy of Catalonia transferred all political and administrative functions of provincial councils to the regional government with the aim of transferring these powers to a new entity
1347:
The use of territorial units or geographical boundaries for statistics, European policy development and funding, and for other geospatial purposes is distinct from the jurisdictional powers given to the three spheres of government. For statistical purposes, the autonomous communities and provinces
1338:
Territorial boundaries are not necessarily coincident because the creation, suppression and modification of boundaries of municipalities, comarcas and other groupings of municipalities is in the hands of the regional governments while only the central government can change boundaries of a province
1312:
have been controversial even before the current
Constitution. Provincial councils are not directly elected, and there remains overlap and duplication of services. A senior bureaucrat has claimed that provincial councils are a superfluous and unnecessary layer of government. Another writer has said
1259:
With respect to local government, although the broad framework for local government is defined in the Local
Government Act, the details are defined by both national and regional law and are mainly allocated to municipalities. In spite of the apparent prominence of provinces in the Constitution, in
1316:
Nine of the 50 provinces have no political or administrative function, ie no provincial council. In six (Asturias, Cantabria, La Rioja, Madrid, Murcia, and
Navarre), provincial functions are assumed by the regional government because the boundaries are identical. In the three provinces of the
1217:
In addition to the term "State of
Autonomous Communities", various writers have sought to find terms for the Spanish model of decentralisation including "Regionalised State", "Plural State", "Autonomous State", "Unitary Federal State", "Regional Unitary State", "Semi-federal, semi-regional or
1213:
model. Scholars have described the model as a third way between federalism and unitarianism, as a federal system in all but name, or "federation without federalism", as a system providing significant degree of decentralisation, though still under strict surveillance by the central government.
1233:
and can include housing, urban and regional planning, agriculture, transport, health, education, social welfare and culture. However, the
Constitution provides a general framework only, and there is now a large body of case-law produced by the Constitutional Court to clarify ambiguities.
1143:
Although municipalities are required by law to not cross provincial boundaries, comarcas have no such restriction, so there is no perfect division of provinces into comarcas; they are disjoint divisions made up of different municipalities. For example, the comarca of
1339:
and the boundaries of regions are defined in their statutes of autonomy. For example, one legally defined comarca, Cerdanya, is divided between two states, the southwestern half being counted as a comarca of Spain, while the northeastern half is part of France.
1348:
are invariably used, notwithstanding the limited powers allocated to the provincial councils relative to municipalities or the fact that nine provinces have no administrative or political function because their functions are assumed by other entites.
1260:
practice the powers of provinces and other groupings of municipalities are limited to the support for smaller municipalities At least two authors describe provinces as a second tier of local government, to emphasise the function of support.
1081:, comprises three different subdivisions of Spain, with differing political (council), electoral (constituency), or administrative (decentralised services of the state) functions as well as other entities described below. Accordingly
1383:
uses the term first-order administrative division to refer to autonomous communities. Similarly the UN's Second
Administrative Level Boundaries data set project (SALB) for monitoring development goals defines the
2609:
2493:
1039:
and groups of municipalities). These levels are not hierarchical, meaning there is no supremacy or primacy of one over the other, but rather they are separately defined by their jurisdictional powers (
2492:
Olmeda Gomez, Jose A.; Colino, César (2012). "The Limits of
Flexibility for Constitutional Change and the Uses of Sub-national Constitutional Space". In Benz, Arthur; Knüpling, Felix (eds.).
1249:
can raise their own taxes and negotiate a transfer to Madrid to pay for common services and hence, unlike the other regions, do not contribute to fiscal equalisation across Spain.
644:
3203:
2961:
1188:
In terms of relative size of each tier, in 2002, the central government accounted for 48.7% of public expenditure, regional government for 35.5% and local government for 15.8%.
2153:
Arbós i Marín, Xavier (November 2013). "The Federal Option and Constitutional Management of Diversity in Spain". In López-Eguren, Alberto; Escajedo San Epifanio, Leire (eds.).
1225:
Among political scientists and other foreign scholars, there seems to be a consensus that the Spanish model can be regarded as a federal system with certain peculiarities...
3208:
1399:
subdivisions as the autonomous communities and cities (19 in all) and second-level are 50 provinces (does not count the islands or autonomous cities in this division).
2560:
1256:
between national and regional governments such as the regulation of education, municipal supervision, social services and universities. The result can be confusing.
3213:
428:
1253:
2890:
1218:
semi-centralized State", "Federal-regional State", "Autonomous State with federalist nuances", "Unitary State with a federalist spirit" and "Integral State".
1317:
Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands, the functions of a provincial councils are divided between a separate body in each island called an island council (
1145:
3447:
1241:
which is on the whole seen as advantageous, able to respond to diversity. However one aspect of this asymmetry is a cause of friction, namely that the
1322:
1313:
that provincial councils really only serve the interests of political parties, by distributing paid positions to party members or their associates.
2713:
1356:
1167:
1082:
510:
3025:
2955:
3442:
796:
66:
651:
3623:
3361:
1364:
1125:
1055:
3613:
2656:
1302:
In practice most power is vested in municipalities; provinces and comarcas are limited to providing support for smaller municipalities.
1018:
523:
770:
765:
760:
3504:
945:
471:
395:
2946:
1071:
756:
3608:
3479:
791:
506:
254:
3230:
2754:
1229:
The powers that belong exclusively to the state are defined in the Constitution and those of the regional governments in their
918:
786:
713:
2691:
991:
3618:
3499:
2451:
2365:
2300:
2265:
2174:
2136:
2069:
1846:
1600:
1440:
1242:
731:
634:
424:
274:
1372:
1335:, under further legislation. However in 2010, the Constitutional Court disallowed the extinguishment of provincial powers.
1129:
1059:
1050:
The second sphere, that of the regions or autonomous communities, is the second-level subdivision (using the definition of
834:
829:
639:
326:
284:
2867:
2465:
871:
708:
341:
183:
3152:
2725:
2720:
904:
881:
862:
693:
3240:
2576:
876:
1163:, metropolitan areas, juntas etc but they are not a territorial or administrative subdivision of Spain as a whole.
2993:
2832:
894:
491:
235:
201:
178:
3255:
3198:
3068:
3020:
3015:
2988:
2951:
2857:
2212:
1032:
1011:
889:
745:
740:
735:
629:
453:
391:
316:
93:
3603:
2590:
2512:
2354:
841:
545:
306:
264:
249:
88:
2057:
3270:
3088:
2862:
1309:
1202:
1175:
941:
718:
588:
311:
60:
3193:
3157:
2983:
951:
411:
293:
189:
45:
1573:
1571:
1569:
3260:
2784:
1171:
528:
443:
321:
123:
2155:
The Ways of Federalism in Western Countries and the Horizons of Territorial Autonomy in Spain (volume 2)
3120:
2817:
2747:
1566:
1004:
819:
812:
128:
1093:
and 3,683 sub-municipal entitles each with political, administrative and are their own constituencies.
3514:
3294:
3220:
2966:
2910:
2905:
2617:
1268:
1156:
1078:
866:
550:
417:
331:
1325:) and the regional government. The autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla are not in any province.
594:
299:
3489:
3135:
3010:
2807:
2637:
1701:
1699:
336:
260:
164:
150:
71:
3250:
3108:
2847:
2292:
1272:
1090:
1036:
960:
666:
230:
118:
1985:
1973:
1696:
1467:
1465:
3188:
2837:
2827:
2033:
956:
500:
458:
3031:
2528:
1031:
Government in Spain is divided into three spheres or levels: the State itself, the regions or
672:
3527:
3484:
3381:
3341:
3316:
3125:
3073:
2740:
1462:
1198:
575:
368:
98:
53:
2385:
3414:
3346:
3336:
3183:
3142:
3130:
2797:
2284:
1182:
933:
555:
448:
384:
196:
1159:
of municipalities with administrative functions defined by regional legislation including
8:
3464:
3351:
3331:
3321:
3103:
3078:
2842:
1230:
928:
609:
221:
214:
2487:. Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of The Council of Europe. pp. 183–191.
1271:
means the councils administering the multitude of "local entities", which are primarily
1205:
has labeled the model the "State of Autonomous Communities", to avoid implying either a
3459:
3454:
3356:
3326:
3275:
3115:
3098:
3037:
2934:
2900:
2792:
2285:"Decentralization in Spain: federal evolution and performance of the estado autonómico"
1380:
1288:
1276:
1133:
1104:
1063:
923:
899:
824:
686:
656:
539:
484:
463:
1201:
and has been the subject of much debate. In the absence of an explicit definition the
3474:
3386:
3371:
3366:
3306:
3245:
3235:
3147:
3056:
3042:
2998:
2977:
2915:
2582:
2572:
2540:
2457:
2447:
2345:
2296:
2271:
2261:
2170:
1889:
1280:
1097:
909:
661:
434:
159:
143:
113:
103:
22:
1371:
Using a different numeration scheme the US Federal Information Processing Standards
516:
3568:
3561:
3406:
3265:
3171:
3093:
3003:
2971:
2885:
2775:
2767:
2678:(in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado . 1985. pp. 8945–8964
2499:
2439:
2431:
2401:
2322:
2244:
2197:
2162:
2158:
1292:
1112:
1040:
704:
361:
354:
1107:, nine of which have no political or administrative function but all of which are
241:
3434:
3429:
3225:
2920:
2852:
2369:
2166:
2100:
1913:
1318:
378:
1379:
subdivisions (19 in all) but only the 50 provinces as second-level. As well the
401:
270:
3577:
3494:
3469:
3396:
3311:
2895:
2822:
2675:
1330:
1108:
2461:
2423:
2406:
2326:
2248:
2088:
2076:
3597:
3535:
3391:
2586:
2544:
2310:
2275:
2235:
Canel, Maria Jose (1994). "Local government in the Spanish autonomic state".
2009:
1392:
1360:
1206:
1137:
1121:
1067:
1051:
579:
280:
3582:
3540:
3424:
3280:
2503:
2335:
2313:(1998). "The Spanish 'state of autonomies': Non-institutional federalism".
1771:
1284:
1160:
982:
108:
2435:
3522:
3419:
2812:
1901:
1614:
1612:
1610:
2443:
31:
2690:
2202:
2185:
2039:
1705:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1494:
1492:
1471:
1210:
1155:
Both provinces and comarcas are groupings of municipalities. There are
1961:
1877:
1607:
3376:
3083:
1636:
170:
2495:
Changing Federal Institutions. Lessons from International Comparison
1549:
1489:
2802:
1352:
1149:
2353:
Heywood, Paul (August 2000). "Spanish Regionalism: A case study".
1949:
2732:
1807:
1684:
1246:
2482:
2339:
1865:
1747:
1648:
1368:
1) and the municipalities (local administration unit level 2).
1128:. The 50 provinces by themselves are defined as second-level by
2186:"The municipal map in Spain: structure, evolution and problems"
2763:
2484:
Regionalisation Trends in European Countries 2007-2015: Spain
2388:[The Provincial Councils and their uncertain future]
1237:
Not all regions have the same powers so the system is termed
2213:"Federal Asymmetry and Intergovernmental Relations in Spain"
1735:
2260:. Translated by Douch, Martin. Cambridge University Press.
1997:
1428:
568:
2124:
1795:
1058:) or the first-level subdivision (using the definition of
2190:
Geopolitica(s). Revista de estudios sobre espacio y poder
2045:
1100:, 83 of which have administrative and political functions
2481:
Moreno, Angel M. (June 2016). Merloni, Francesco (ed.).
2370:"Federalism and the Balance of Power in European States"
1937:
1824:
1822:
1477:
1452:
1450:
1287:, metropolitan areas and sub-municipal groups known as
2571:(in Spanish) (1). Barcelona: Institut de Dret Públic.
2533:
El Cronista del Estado Social y Democrático de Derecho
2068:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFCools_&_Verbeek2013 (
1925:
1263:
1140:. Comarcas are not featured in any of these schemes.
2692:"Synopsis of Article 137 of the Spanish Constitucion"
1853:
1834:
1819:
1672:
1660:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1516:
2674:
2636:
2531:[Should provincial councils be abolished?].
2386:"Las Diputaciones Provinciales y su Futuro Incierto"
2377:
Support for Improvement in Governance and Management
2106:
2094:
2082:
1919:
1907:
1871:
1777:
1759:
1723:
1624:
1504:
1447:
2643:. Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado . 1978
2510:
2063:
2021:
1783:
1753:
1711:
1690:
1654:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1297:
Entidad de Ámbito Territorial Inferior al Municipio
2529:"¿Deben suprimirse las diputaciones provinciales?"
2491:
2255:
2066:, Explanatory Memorandum paragraph 221 on page 38.
1813:
1642:
1580:, Explanatory Memorandum paragraph 212 on page 37.
1528:
1148:is split between two provinces and the comarca of
2135:sfn error: no target: CITEREFCIA_World_Factbook (
1375:defines the autonomous communities and cities as
1174:which are the constituencies for the election of
3595:
2714:History of the territorial organization of Spain
2112:
1583:
1357:Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics
1342:
1070:). There are 17 autonomous communities and two
2694:(in Spanish). Congreso de los Diputados . 2011
2616:
2383:
2222:(17). Institute of Intergovernmental Relations
2130:
1955:
1895:
1883:
1801:
1618:
1498:
1275:, but also groups of municipalities including
2748:
2526:
2256:Casanova, Julián; Gil Andrés, Carlos (2014).
2152:
2015:
1967:
1741:
1560:
1077:The third sphere, that of local entities and
1012:
2558:
2430:(1st ed.). Routledge. pp. 86–107.
2426:. In Burgess, Michael; Pinder, John (eds.).
2333:
2003:
1991:
1979:
1577:
1415:a list of powers can be found at the end of
2676:"Local Government Act (Organic Law 7/1985)"
2183:
2051:
2040:Synopsis of Article 137 of the Constitution
1994:, Recommendation 336 (2013) paragraph 5(c).
1982:, Recommendation 336 (2013) paragraph 2(b).
1845:sfn error: no target: CITEREFAgranoff2006 (
1706:Synopsis of Article 137 of the Constitution
1483:
1472:Synopsis of Article 137 of the Constitution
1388:as the autonomous communities and cities.
1120:are defined as third-level subdivisions by
1074:(Melilla and Ceuta) in all these schemes.
2755:
2741:
2563:[Reflections on local government]
1019:
1005:
2405:
2201:
1191:
472:Solemn Opening of the Parliament of Spain
2287:. In Muro, Diego; Lago, Ignacio (eds.).
2210:
1840:
946:Spanish constitutional crisis of 2017–18
2513:"Non–institutional federalism in Spain"
2424:"Federalisation in Multinational Spain"
2364:
2355:Regional Government in France and Spain
2352:
2309:
2289:The Oxford Handbook of Spanish Politics
1943:
1859:
1828:
1666:
1166:Related to provinces, there is another
3596:
2527:Sánchez Morón, Miguel (January 2017).
2480:
2421:
2282:
1765:
1729:
1678:
1630:
1599:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMPA2022 (
1510:
1456:
1439:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMPA2022 (
919:Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain
3026:Natural Sites of Community Importance
2736:
2561:"Reflexiones sobre el gobierno local"
2498:. Barbara Budrich. pp. 191–209.
2341:Local and regional democracy in Spain
2234:
2027:
1789:
1717:
1543:
1152:is divided between France and Spain.
601:Deputy Governor of the Bank of Spain
2608:
2360:(Report). Josep Rowntree Foundation.
2118:
327:Spanish prime-ministerial transition
3624:Administrative divisions by country
3505:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
2662:. Ministry of Public Administration
2624:. European Committee of the Regions
1594:
1434:
1264:Local government political division
13:
3614:Administrative divisions in Europe
2762:
2726:Nationalities and regions of Spain
2721:1833 territorial division of Spain
2522:. Instituto de Estudios Fiscales .
2511:Rosselló Villalonga, Joan (2001).
2258:Twentieth-century Spain. A History
905:Liberalism and radicalism in Spain
14:
3635:
2610:"Eurostat regional yearbook 2022"
2468:from the original on 8 March 2022
2394:Teoría y Realidad Constitucional
2384:Linde Paniagua, Enrique (2018).
2243:(1). London: Frank Cass: 44–59.
976:
895:Dictatorship of Francisco Franco
492:General Council of the Judiciary
202:Succession to the Spanish throne
30:
3069:Autonomous communities of Spain
2655:
2220:Asymmetry Series Working Papers
2146:
1931:
1522:
1409:
1279:, islands, metropolitan areas,
890:Spanish transition to democracy
454:Bureaus of the Cortes Generales
317:Government Delegated Committees
94:Spanish transition to democracy
3609:Lists of subdivisions of Spain
3480:National and regional identity
1898:, paragraph 15, last sentence.
1814:Olmeda Gomez & Colino 2012
1643:Casanova & Gil Andrés 2014
1083:Spain is divided territorially
842:Politics of the European Union
1:
2559:Zafra Víctor, Manuel (2004).
1422:
1168:territorial division of Spain
942:Catalan independence movement
589:Governor of the Bank of Spain
3619:Spain politics-related lists
2167:10.1007/978-3-642-27717-7_27
1343:Nomenclature of subdivisions
1221:A more recent assessment is
952:Disputed status of Gibraltar
190:Leonor, Princess of Asturias
81:Inmaculada Montalbán Huertas
7:
3500:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
2707:
2657:"Local Government in Spain"
623:Administrative subdivisions
342:Economic and Social Council
322:Interministerial Committees
10:
3640:
2638:"The Spanish Constitution"
2569:Anuario del Gobierno Local
2184:Albet i Mas, Abel (2019).
1391:With similar terminology,
3555:
3513:
3405:
3302:
3293:
3179:
3170:
3064:
3055:
2942:
2933:
2878:
2783:
2774:
2428:Multinational Federations
2407:10.5944/trc.41.2018.22119
2327:10.1080/01402389808425270
2249:10.1080/03003939408433710
2211:Agranoff, Robert (2005).
2107:Spanish Constitution 1978
2095:Spanish Constitution 1978
2083:Spanish Constitution 1978
1920:Local Government Act 1985
1908:Local Government Act 1985
1872:Local Government Act 1985
1778:Spanish Constitution 1978
332:List of agencies in Spain
3158:Wars and armed conflicts
2798:Ancient History Timeline
2237:Local Government Studies
2064:Cools & Verbeek 2013
1992:Cools & Verbeek 2013
1980:Cools & Verbeek 2013
1754:Rosselló Villalonga 2001
1691:Rosselló Villalonga 2001
1655:Rosselló Villalonga 2001
1578:Cools & Verbeek 2013
1402:
1365:OECD territorial level 2
604:Margarita Delgado Tejero
222:Government of the Nation
2858:Transition to democracy
2833:Reaction and revolution
2293:Oxford University Press
2018:, fifth last paragraph.
1386:first subnational level
961:Second Spanish Republic
3448:International Interest
3256:Science and technology
2952:Autonomous communities
2612:. European Commission.
2504:10.2307/j.ctvddzh07.14
2315:West European Politics
2283:Colino, César (2020).
1296:
1227:
1192:Decentralisation model
1044:
1033:autonomous communities
957:Republicanism in Spain
630:Autonomous communities
595:Pablo Hernández de Cos
546:High courts of justice
529:Francisco Marín Castán
459:Board of Spokespersons
312:Government Delegations
300:Sánchez III Government
89:Constitutional history
3604:Subdivisions of Spain
3485:National Day of Spain
2436:10.4324/9780203964514
2422:Moreno, Luis (2007).
1223:
576:European Central Bank
369:15th Cortes Generales
250:Deputy Prime Minister
72:Cándido Conde-Pumpido
3089:Constitutional Court
2338:(19–21 March 2013).
2161:. pp. 375–399.
2109:, Article 147(2)(b).
1958:, pp. 114, 115.
1922:, Articles 3, 24bis.
1289:Minor local entities
1252:Numerous powers are
1231:statutes of autonomy
1203:Constitutional Court
1183:separation of powers
1035:and local entities (
556:Prosecution Ministry
449:Permanent Deputation
444:Parliamentary groups
412:Congress of Deputies
294:Council of Ministers
61:Constitutional Court
3032:Plazas de soberanía
2520:Papeles de Trabajo
1956:Linde Paniagua 2018
1310:Provincial councils
1176:provincial councils
1111:for both houses of
825:Diplomatic missions
673:Plazas de soberanía
610:Royal Mint of Spain
261:María Jesús Montero
3261:Telecommunications
2962:Biosphere Reserves
2863:Contemporary Spain
2853:Spain under Franco
2793:Prehistoric Iberia
2622:Division of Powers
2295:. pp. 62–81.
2203:10.5209/GEOP.63834
2131:CIA World Factbook
2016:Sánchez Morón 2017
1968:Sánchez Morón 2017
1896:Division of Powers
1884:Division of Powers
1802:Division of Powers
1742:Arbós i Marín 2013
1645:, p. 314,315.
1619:Division of Powers
1561:Sánchez Morón 2017
1499:Division of Powers
1381:CIA World Factbook
1172:judicial districts
1134:CIA World Factbook
1064:CIA World Factbook
900:Anarchism in Spain
540:Audiencia Nacional
464:People's Defender
124:Capital punishment
3591:
3590:
3551:
3550:
3475:Myths and legends
3443:National Interest
3289:
3288:
3241:Largest companies
3166:
3165:
3153:Political parties
3121:Foreign relations
3051:
3050:
2999:Iberian Peninsula
2947:Autonomous cities
2929:
2928:
2618:"Spain - Summary"
2453:978-0-415-41490-6
2346:Council of Europe
2311:Colomer, Josep M.
2302:978-0-19-882693-4
2267:978-1-107-60267-0
2176:978-3-642-27716-0
2097:, Article 141(1).
2085:, Article 148(2).
2004:Zafra Víctor 2004
1146:Tierra de Pinares
1072:autonomous cities
1029:
1028:
910:Spanish Civil War
863:Political parties
820:Foreign relations
813:Foreign relations
698:Recent elections
694:Political parties
652:Autonomous cities
551:Court of Auditors
435:Francina Armengol
129:Life imprisonment
23:Politics of Spain
3631:
3571:
3564:
3300:
3299:
3231:Financial crisis
3221:Economic history
3177:
3176:
3094:Cortes Generales
3062:
3061:
3004:Peninsular Spain
2940:
2939:
2891:Pre-Roman Iberia
2886:General overview
2781:
2780:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2734:
2733:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2661:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2642:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2613:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2596:on 9 August 2016
2595:
2589:. Archived from
2566:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2523:
2517:
2507:
2488:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2409:
2391:
2380:
2374:
2366:Keating, Michael
2361:
2359:
2349:
2330:
2306:
2279:
2252:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2217:
2207:
2205:
2180:
2141:
2140:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2061:
2055:
2052:Albet i Mas 2019
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1970:, 2nd paragraph.
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1946:, p. 42,43.
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1708:, paragraph 2-4.
1703:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1605:
1604:
1592:
1581:
1575:
1564:
1558:
1547:
1541:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1487:
1484:Albet i Mas 2019
1481:
1475:
1469:
1460:
1454:
1445:
1444:
1437:, paragraph 1,4.
1432:
1416:
1413:
1269:Local government
1181:In terms of the
1079:local government
1021:
1014:
1007:
985:
983:Spain portal
981:
980:
979:
467:
421:
388:
372:
362:Cortes Generales
337:Council of State
179:Heir presumptive
34:
18:
17:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3547:
3542:Toro de Osborne
3509:
3490:Public holidays
3401:
3362:Life expectancy
3285:
3251:Property bubble
3162:
3047:
2925:
2921:Spanish miracle
2874:
2848:Second Republic
2770:
2761:
2710:
2697:
2695:
2681:
2679:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2627:
2625:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2579:
2564:
2549:
2547:
2515:
2471:
2469:
2454:
2412:
2410:
2400:(41): 113–135.
2389:
2372:
2357:
2303:
2268:
2225:
2223:
2215:
2177:
2149:
2144:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2117:
2113:
2105:
2101:
2093:
2089:
2081:
2077:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2050:
2046:
2042:, paragraph 26.
2038:
2034:
2026:
2022:
2014:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1990:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1966:
1962:
1954:
1950:
1942:
1938:
1930:
1926:
1918:
1914:
1906:
1902:
1894:
1890:
1886:, paragraph 15.
1882:
1878:
1870:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1827:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1776:
1772:
1764:
1760:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1736:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1704:
1697:
1689:
1685:
1677:
1673:
1665:
1661:
1653:
1649:
1641:
1637:
1629:
1625:
1621:, paragraph 10.
1617:
1608:
1598:
1593:
1584:
1576:
1567:
1563:, paragraph 16.
1559:
1550:
1542:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1470:
1463:
1455:
1448:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1345:
1323:Concejo insular
1319:Cabildo insular
1273:municipalities
1266:
1197:defined in the
1194:
1157:other groupings
1025:
996:
992:Other countries
977:
975:
974:
967:
966:
938:
886:
855:
847:
846:
815:
805:
804:
801:
777:
750:
725:
689:
679:
678:
625:
615:
614:
584:
583:
578:
571:
561:
560:
496:
495:
487:
477:
476:
465:
415:
382:
374:
373:
366:
365:
357:
347:
346:
226:
225:
217:
207:
206:
155:
154:
151:Royal Household
146:
136:
135:
78:Vice President
48:
25:
12:
11:
5:
3637:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3573:
3572:
3565:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3538:
3533:
3532:Cultural icons
3530:
3525:
3519:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3411:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3180:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3109:Prime Minister
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3028:
3023:
3021:National parks
3018:
3016:Municipalities
3013:
3008:
3007:
3006:
2996:
2991:
2989:Extreme points
2986:
2981:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2896:Spanish Empire
2893:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2838:First Republic
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2808:Medieval Spain
2805:
2803:Roman Hispania
2800:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2760:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2737:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2688:
2672:
2653:
2634:
2614:
2606:
2577:
2556:
2535:(in Spanish).
2524:
2508:
2489:
2478:
2452:
2419:
2396:(in Spanish).
2381:
2362:
2350:
2331:
2307:
2301:
2280:
2266:
2253:
2232:
2208:
2192:(in Spanish).
2181:
2175:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2123:
2111:
2099:
2087:
2075:
2056:
2044:
2032:
2020:
2008:
2006:, p. 103.
1996:
1984:
1972:
1960:
1948:
1936:
1934:, paragraph 4.
1924:
1912:
1900:
1888:
1876:
1864:
1852:
1833:
1818:
1816:, p. 191.
1806:
1794:
1782:
1780:, Article 149.
1770:
1758:
1746:
1744:, p. 375.
1734:
1722:
1710:
1695:
1683:
1681:, p. 191.
1671:
1659:
1647:
1635:
1623:
1606:
1582:
1565:
1548:
1527:
1525:, paragraph 1.
1515:
1513:, p. 184.
1503:
1501:, paragraph 7.
1488:
1476:
1474:, paragraph 7.
1461:
1459:, p. 183.
1446:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1344:
1341:
1285:mancomunidades
1265:
1262:
1243:Basque Country
1193:
1190:
1161:mancomunidades
1117:
1116:
1109:constituencies
1101:
1094:
1091:municipalities
1037:municipalities
1027:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1001:
998:
997:
995:
994:
988:
987:
986:
969:
968:
965:
964:
954:
949:
939:
937:
936:
931:
926:
914:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
885:
884:
879:
874:
869:
859:
856:
854:Related topics
853:
852:
849:
848:
845:
844:
839:
838:
837:
832:
822:
816:
811:
810:
807:
806:
803:
802:
800:
799:
794:
789:
782:
780:
779:
778:
776:
775:
768:
763:
753:
751:
749:
748:
743:
738:
728:
726:
724:
723:
716:
711:
701:
696:
690:
685:
684:
681:
680:
677:
676:
669:
667:Municipalities
664:
659:
654:
649:
648:
647:
642:
637:
626:
621:
620:
617:
616:
613:
612:
607:
606:
605:
599:
598:
597:
573:
572:
567:
566:
563:
562:
559:
558:
553:
548:
543:
536:
535:
534:
533:
532:
524:Vice President
521:
520:
519:
517:Isabel Perelló
489:
488:
483:
482:
479:
478:
475:
474:
469:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
440:
439:
438:
437:
408:
407:
406:
405:
404:
359:
358:
353:
352:
349:
348:
345:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
303:
302:
290:
289:
288:
278:
268:
246:
245:
244:
231:Prime Minister
219:
218:
213:
212:
209:
208:
205:
204:
199:
194:
193:
192:
175:
174:
173:
148:
147:
142:
141:
138:
137:
134:
133:
132:
131:
126:
121:
116:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
85:
84:
83:
82:
76:
75:
74:
57:
49:
44:
43:
40:
39:
36:
35:
27:
26:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3636:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3214:median income
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3084:Head of State
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2828:Enlightenment
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2758:
2753:
2751:
2746:
2744:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2693:
2689:
2677:
2673:
2658:
2654:
2639:
2635:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2578:84-609-5895-7
2574:
2570:
2562:
2557:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2490:
2486:
2485:
2479:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2420:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2336:Verbeek, Leen
2334:Cools, Marc;
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2221:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2150:
2138:
2132:
2127:
2120:
2115:
2108:
2103:
2096:
2091:
2084:
2079:
2071:
2065:
2060:
2054:, p. 15.
2053:
2048:
2041:
2036:
2030:, p. 52.
2029:
2024:
2017:
2012:
2005:
2000:
1993:
1988:
1981:
1976:
1969:
1964:
1957:
1952:
1945:
1940:
1933:
1928:
1921:
1916:
1909:
1904:
1897:
1892:
1885:
1880:
1873:
1868:
1862:, p. 28.
1861:
1856:
1848:
1842:
1841:Agranoff 2006
1837:
1831:, p. 22.
1830:
1825:
1823:
1815:
1810:
1803:
1798:
1792:, p. 49.
1791:
1786:
1779:
1774:
1768:, p. 75.
1767:
1762:
1755:
1750:
1743:
1738:
1732:, p. 95.
1731:
1726:
1720:, p. 44.
1719:
1714:
1707:
1702:
1700:
1693:, p. 10.
1692:
1687:
1680:
1675:
1669:, p. 40.
1668:
1663:
1656:
1651:
1644:
1639:
1633:, p. 87.
1632:
1627:
1620:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1602:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1579:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1546:, p. 51.
1545:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1524:
1519:
1512:
1507:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1486:, p. 20.
1485:
1480:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1442:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1412:
1408:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1232:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1002:
1000:
999:
993:
990:
989:
984:
973:
972:
971:
970:
962:
958:
955:
953:
950:
947:
943:
940:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
921:
920:
916:
915:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
864:
861:
860:
858:
857:
851:
850:
843:
840:
836:
833:
831:
828:
827:
826:
823:
821:
818:
817:
814:
809:
808:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:Referendums:
784:
783:
781:
774:
773:
769:
767:
764:
762:
758:
755:
754:
752:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
733:
730:
729:
727:
722:
721:
717:
715:
712:
710:
706:
703:
702:
700:
699:
697:
695:
692:
691:
688:
683:
682:
675:
674:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
632:
631:
628:
627:
624:
619:
618:
611:
608:
603:
602:
600:
596:
593:
592:
591:
590:
586:
585:
582:
581:
580:Bank of Spain
577:
570:
565:
564:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
541:
537:
530:
527:
526:
525:
522:
518:
515:
514:
512:
508:
505:
504:
503:
502:
501:Supreme Court
498:
497:
494:
493:
486:
481:
480:
473:
470:
468:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
436:
433:
432:
430:
426:
423:
422:
419:
418:15th Congress
414:
413:
409:
403:
400:
399:
397:
393:
390:
389:
386:
381:
380:
376:
375:
370:
364:
363:
356:
351:
350:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
301:
298:
297:
296:
295:
291:
286:
282:
281:Teresa Ribera
279:
276:
272:
269:
266:
262:
259:
258:
256:
252:
251:
247:
243:
242:Pedro Sánchez
240:
239:
237:
233:
232:
228:
227:
224:
223:
216:
211:
210:
203:
200:
198:
195:
191:
188:
187:
185:
181:
180:
176:
172:
169:
168:
166:
162:
161:
157:
156:
153:
152:
145:
140:
139:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
111:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
80:
79:
77:
73:
70:
69:
68:
65:
64:
63:
62:
58:
56:
55:
51:
50:
47:
42:
41:
38:
37:
33:
29:
28:
24:
20:
19:
16:
3541:
3528:Coat of arms
3425:Bullfighting
3415:Architecture
3382:Prostitution
3342:Homelessness
3317:Demographics
3271:Trade unions
3209:unemployment
3194:Car industry
3126:Human rights
3074:Constitution
3030:
2976:
2956:ranked lists
2868:1975–present
2730:
2696:. Retrieved
2680:. Retrieved
2664:. Retrieved
2645:. Retrieved
2626:. Retrieved
2621:
2598:. Retrieved
2591:the original
2568:
2548:. Retrieved
2536:
2532:
2519:
2494:
2483:
2470:. Retrieved
2444:10261/177010
2427:
2411:. Retrieved
2397:
2393:
2376:
2340:
2321:(4): 40–52.
2318:
2314:
2288:
2257:
2240:
2236:
2224:. Retrieved
2219:
2196:(1): 11–40.
2193:
2189:
2154:
2147:Bibliography
2126:
2114:
2102:
2090:
2078:
2059:
2047:
2035:
2023:
2011:
1999:
1987:
1975:
1963:
1951:
1944:Colomer 1998
1939:
1927:
1915:
1910:, Article 1.
1903:
1891:
1879:
1867:
1860:Heywood 2000
1855:
1843:, p. 5.
1836:
1829:Keating 2007
1809:
1797:
1785:
1773:
1761:
1756:, p. 7.
1749:
1737:
1725:
1713:
1686:
1674:
1667:Colomer 1998
1662:
1657:, p. 8.
1650:
1638:
1626:
1597:, p. 3.
1518:
1506:
1479:
1430:
1411:
1396:
1390:
1385:
1376:
1373:region codes
1370:
1363:level 2 and
1359:system. The
1351:For example
1350:
1346:
1337:
1331:
1327:
1315:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1267:
1258:
1251:
1238:
1236:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1199:Constitution
1195:
1187:
1180:
1165:
1154:
1142:
1118:
1076:
1049:
1045:competencias
1030:
917:
771:
719:
671:
635:Legislatures
622:
587:
574:
538:
499:
490:
410:
402:Pedro Rollán
377:
360:
292:
271:Yolanda Díaz
248:
229:
220:
197:Royal family
177:
158:
149:
99:Human rights
59:
54:Constitution
52:
46:Constitution
15:
3347:Immigration
3337:Health care
3199:Communities
3184:Agriculture
2984:Earthquakes
2843:Restoration
2813:Reconquista
1766:Colino 2020
1730:Moreno 2007
1679:Moreno 2016
1631:Moreno 2007
1511:Moreno 2016
1457:Moreno 2016
1397:first-level
1377:first-level
1329:called the
640:Governments
466:(ombudsman)
385:15th Senate
355:Legislature
160:The Monarch
119:Nationality
3598:Categories
3465:Mass media
3460:Literature
3352:Irreligion
3332:Euthanasia
3322:Disability
3104:Government
3079:Corruption
2901:Golden Age
2539:. Iustel.
2472:19 October
2462:1257713892
2028:Canel 1994
1790:Canel 1994
1718:Canel 1994
1544:Canel 1994
1423:References
1393:ISO 3166-2
1239:asymmetric
1138:ISO 3166-2
1113:Parliament
1068:ISO 3166-2
714:2019 (Nov)
709:2019 (Apr)
645:Presidents
307:Ministries
3455:Languages
3357:Languages
3327:Education
3276:Transport
3116:Elections
3099:Judiciary
3038:Provinces
2935:Geography
2916:Civil War
2823:Expansion
2587:2013-4924
2545:1889-0016
2276:870438787
1355:uses the
1332:verguerie
1277:provinces
1170:into 431
1105:provinces
687:Elections
657:Provinces
507:President
485:Judiciary
215:Executive
171:Felipe VI
144:The Crown
67:President
3578:Category
3439:Fiestas
3387:Religion
3372:Pensions
3367:Naturism
3307:Abortion
3246:Taxation
3236:Forestry
3148:Monarchy
3143:Military
3136:Intersex
3057:Politics
3043:Wildlife
2978:Comarcas
2911:Military
2906:Economic
2879:By topic
2785:Timeline
2768:articles
2708:See also
2466:Archived
2368:(2007).
2159:Springer
2119:Eurostat
1595:MPA 2022
1435:MPA 2022
1395:defines
1353:Eurostat
1281:comarcas
1150:Cerdanya
1098:comarcas
934:Galician
835:in Spain
830:of Spain
757:European
732:Regional
662:Comarcas
531:(acting)
114:Abortion
104:Taxation
3562:Outline
3515:Symbols
3435:Cuisine
3407:Culture
3295:Society
3266:Tourism
3172:Economy
3011:Islands
2994:Forests
2972:Climate
2967:Borders
2776:History
2698:11 June
2682:12 June
2666:11 June
2647:10 June
2628:26 June
2550:20 June
2413:22 June
2379:. OECD.
2226:27 June
1293:Spanish
1247:Navarra
1211:federal
1207:unitary
1041:Spanish
929:Catalan
877:Podemos
705:General
425:Speaker
392:Speaker
3583:Portal
3523:Anthem
3430:Cinema
3377:People
3226:Energy
2766:
2600:9 June
2585:
2575:
2543:
2460:
2450:
2299:
2274:
2264:
2173:
1254:shared
1089:8,131
1085:into:
924:Basque
379:Senate
275:second
3569:Index
3495:Sport
3470:Music
3397:Women
3312:Crime
3189:Banks
2818:Union
2764:Spain
2660:(PDF)
2641:(PDF)
2594:(pdf)
2565:(PDF)
2516:(PDF)
2390:(PDF)
2373:(PDF)
2358:(PDF)
2216:(PDF)
1403:Notes
285:third
265:first
3536:Flag
3392:Time
3281:Wine
3131:LGBT
2700:2023
2684:2022
2668:2022
2649:2022
2630:2023
2602:2022
2583:ISSN
2573:ISBN
2552:2019
2541:ISSN
2474:2023
2458:OCLC
2448:ISBN
2415:2019
2297:ISBN
2272:OCLC
2262:ISBN
2228:2023
2171:ISBN
2137:help
2070:help
1847:help
1601:help
1441:help
1361:NUTS
1321:and
1245:and
1136:and
1130:FIPS
1126:OECD
1124:and
1122:NUTS
1096:465
1066:and
1060:FIPS
1056:OECD
1054:and
1052:NUTS
1047:).
872:PSOE
797:2005
792:1986
787:1978
772:2024
766:2019
761:2014
746:2023
741:2019
736:2015
720:2023
569:Euro
511:list
429:list
396:list
255:list
236:list
184:list
165:list
3420:Art
3204:GDP
2500:doi
2440:hdl
2432:doi
2402:doi
2323:doi
2245:doi
2198:doi
2163:doi
1932:MPA
1523:MPA
1299:).
1209:or
1103:50
882:C's
109:Law
3600::
2620:.
2581:.
2567:.
2537:65
2518:.
2464:.
2456:.
2446:.
2438:.
2398:41
2392:.
2375:.
2344:.
2319:21
2317:.
2291:.
2270:.
2241:20
2239:.
2218:.
2194:10
2188:.
2169:.
2157:.
1821:^
1698:^
1609:^
1585:^
1568:^
1551:^
1530:^
1491:^
1464:^
1449:^
1295::
1283:,
1178:.
1132:,
1062:,
1043::
922::
867:PP
865::
759::
734::
707::
513:)
431:)
398:)
257:)
238:)
186:)
167:)
2958:)
2954:(
2756:e
2749:t
2742:v
2702:.
2686:.
2670:.
2651:.
2632:.
2604:.
2554:.
2506:.
2502::
2476:.
2442::
2434::
2417:.
2404::
2348:.
2329:.
2325::
2305:.
2278:.
2251:.
2247::
2230:.
2206:.
2200::
2179:.
2165::
2139:)
2133:.
2121:.
2072:)
1874:.
1849:)
1804:.
1603:)
1443:)
1291:(
1115:.
1020:e
1013:t
1006:v
963:)
959:(
948:)
944:(
509:(
427:(
420:)
416:(
394:(
387:)
383:(
371:)
367:(
287:)
283:(
277:)
273:(
267:)
263:(
253:(
234:(
182:(
163:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
