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846:, he played an important role in drafting two of the country's first constitutions and proposing a socialist economic plan influenced by communism scheme, principles and conducts. His plan was ill-received, and Pridi went into a short period of political exile as aftermatch of the fight-for-power with his fellow revolutionists. On his return, he took many ministerial posts in Khana Ratsadon governments. His contributions include modernizing Thai legal codes, laying the foundation for Thailand's local government system, negotiating the cancellation of
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1291:, who had been elected prime minister in January, resigned. Pridi assumed the position in an attempt to stabilize the political situation, which was spiralling out of control. It was during the first months of the Pridi government that the war crimes trial of Phibun was dismissed on a legal technicality. Having noticed that Khuang shifted more and more conservative, Pridi decided to compete for political power himself. After his political allies voted Khuang out in 1946, he became the 8th Prime Minister of the country.
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Pridi remains a controversial figure in Thai modern history. As one of the leaders of the 1932 pro-democracy coup, he has been viewed in many ways. The first declaration of the "revolution," which harshly attacked the king and his government, was written by Pridi himself. Nevertheless, Pridi held the
1434:. Even the Japanese recognised Pridi's hostility, which is why he was forced out of the cabinet in December 1941. It was the reason every knowledgeable person on the Allied side, from Seni Pramoj and Prince Suphasawat, a chief organiser of the movement in Great Britain, to former British ambassador
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Sulak led efforts to rehabilitate Pridi which achieved significant results. Four
Bangkok streets now are named for Pridi: three as Pridi Banomyong Road and one called Praditmanutham (his royally granted title) Road. His birthday, 11 May, is now celebrated as Pridi Banomyong Day. In 1997, the Thai
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promoted the idea that he had saved
Thailand from post-war British colonial rule that Pridi had been willing to accept. Nigel Brailey treats the Free Thai movement as largely a sham and casts doubt on Pridi's part, arguing "it appears questionable whether Pridi committed himself personally to the
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has emerged as one of Pridi's most ardent champions. A prolific critic of the Thai status quo, Sulak, in addition to praising the achievements of the Free Thai in saving
Thailand's sovereignty, has criticised Seni and his Democrat Party for alleged complicity in the military's return to power in
917:, who recruited some of the local Chinese, including Heng, to fight against the Burmese invaders in 1767. Heng died in the service of the half-Chinese king. Taksin compensated Heng's family, after they sent a letter inquiring about him. Seng chose to live his life in China as a rice farmer.
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Pridi was included in UNESCO's list of Great
Personalities and Historic Events for the year 2000, and this year was declared by UNESCO as the centennial of Pridi. Also, the Université Paris (1 PanthéonSorbonne) in 2000 celebrated the centenary of Pridi and honoured him as "one of the great
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His image ranged from that of an anti-monarchist democrat to a republican. The branding of Pridi as a communist and a mastermind of King Ananda's death has since been regarded as politically motivated, which his opponents continued to use even after his death. However, Pridi won every
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When Japan's surrender ended the war, the Seri Thai-dominated government immediately acted to "restore the pre-war status quo". As regent, Pridi termed "the declaration of war illegal and null, and void" as improperly made, and repudiated all agreements made with Japan by Phibun.
1347:, and that he had plans to turn Thailand into a republic. After a farcical trial, during which the entire defence team resigned and two members of a subsequent team were arrested under charges of treason, the judges sentenced three royal pages, associated with Pridi, to death.
1473:, and Pridi Banomyong Institute, a non-profit academic organisation, are named in his honour. The Pridi Banomyong Institute holds an annual Pridi Banomyong Lecture, initially on Pridi Banomyong Day, but moved in recent years to 24 June, in honour of his role in the 1932 coup.
1090:. Pridi was accused of being a communist and went into exile. It is noted, however, that many ideas he proposed finally came into existence, such as the national bank and National Economic Council, and the conservatives only agreed to Pridi in founding national lottery.
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in 1927. In the same year, he co-founded Khana
Ratsadon with like-minded Siamese overseas royal-sponsored students. After returning to Thailand, still called Siam at the time, he worked as a judge, judicial secretariat, and professor. In the aftermath of
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With obvious conflict between Pridi and the King Rama VIII, the young king's tragic death came to be blamed on Pridi. Pridi was accused of being the leader of a plot to assassinate the popular young monarch. This culminated in the military coup in 1947.
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There are two Pridi
Banomyong Memorials, one in Pridi's hometown, the other on the campus of Thammasat University, which he founded. Thammasat is home to the Pridi Banomyong Library and the Pridi Banomyong International College. The law faculty at
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as well as left-leaning. He opposed many of Phibun's militaristic policies which tended to be more conciliatory toward the
Japanese. The antipathy between the two would define how Thailand fared in World War II when Japan was on the march in Asia.
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Pridi wanted to remove Phibun from power, and the war offered an opportunity to do so. However, Pridi recognised well before the war that
Thailand's alignment with the Axis powers would work to Phibun's advantage and enable him to strengthen his
869:, and a coup in 1947 cost him his political power. An attempt to stage a counter-coup in 1949 failed and Pridi spent the rest of his life living in exile. He died in Paris in 1983, and his ashes were brought back to Thailand three years later.
1214:. In this capacity, Pridi built the anti-Japanese underground, the Free Thai Movement ("Seri Thai") network, in Thailand. Code named "Ruth", he established contact with the Allies and Thai resistance organisations in Britain and the
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in late-1945, he recorded a tribute to Pridi in which he said that there had existed a unique situation wherein "the
Supreme Allied Commander was exchanging vital military plans with the Head of a State technically at war with us".
833:, he received a good education, becoming one of the nation's youngest barristers in 1919, at the age of nineteen. In 1920, he won a royal scholarship granted by the King of Siam to study in France, where he graduated from the
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Phibun arrested King Ananda's secretary, Senator Chaleo
Patoomros, and two of his pages under charges of conspiracy to kill the king. Rumours were spread that Pridi was part of a conspiracy involved in the alleged
1228:, was chosen to be prime minister due to "his ability to dissemble with the Japanese" to shield the growing Seri Thai movement while at the same time improving superficial relations with the Japanese occupiers.
1183:. After initially resisting, the Thai government reluctantly agreed to let the Japanese pass through the country and use its military bases to strike other Allied possessions in the region, culminating in the
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by British and US agents. The 1947 coup marked the return to power of Phibun, and the end of Khana Ratsadon's role in Thai politics. (At this time, Phibun was often considered in the military camp.)
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and interred at the shrine at Phanomyong Hill, which is the origin of their Thai surname. Their son, Nai Siang, who became a wealthy rice merchant, married Lukchan; they were the parents of Pridi.
1309:, dead from a gunshot wound to his head. In October 1946, a commission ruled that the King's death could not have been accidental, but that neither suicide nor murder was satisfactorily proved.
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Pridi's opponents composed of royalist, conservative and military camps. On 8 November 1947, army troops seized various government installations in Bangkok. The coup, led by Lieutenant General
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government dedicated a park in eastern Bangkok to the Free Thai resistance movement. On 16 August 2003, a library-museum, built as a replica of Pridi's wartime residence, opened at the park.
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Pridi secretly returned in 1949 in order to stage a coup d'état against Phibun's dictatorship. When it failed, Pridi left for China, never to return to Thailand. In 1970, he travelled to
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after the latter began to display a taste for dictatorial governance in the 1930s, marking the beginning of the long rivalry between the two Khana Ratsadon leaders. Pridi was made
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940:, Nai Kok married a Thai woman named Pin. Pin's sister, Boonma, would become an ancestor of Pridi's wife Poonsuk. Their son, Nai Koet, married Khum, daughter of a wealthy Chinese
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During the period of military rule, Pridi was portrayed as a communist as several of his books and articles showed sympathy for Marxist, socialist, and communist ideologies.
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included the centenary of Pridi Phanomyong's birth in its recognition of anniversaries of great personalities and historic events as tribute to his ideals and integrity.
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Allied cause much prior to August 1942, if even then," suggesting that "his eventual anti-Japanese stance was a consequence primarily of his hostility to Phibun."
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1335:'s government, which is the political ally of Pridi. He spent a week hiding in Admiral Sindhu Songkhramchai's headquarters. On 20 November, he was spirited to
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as an open university, before assuming the posts of Minister of the Interior that year, Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1935, and Minister of Finance in 1938.
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during World War II. He briefly became prime minister in 1946, but his political opponents painted him as the mastermind behind the mysterious death of King
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and establishment of anti-imperialist Southeast Asia League, lost the political support from the US, which led to tacit support to the coup against him.
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After a general election, Pridi resigned as prime minister, resumed his role of senior statesman, and left on a world tour, visiting Generalissimo
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913:(Ekkathat) (r. 1758–1767), leaving behind his wife, who was pregnant with their son, Seng. Heng lived in Siam among the Chinese relatives of King
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In 1933, Pridi published the Draft National Economic Plan, also known as the "Yellow cover dossier", a radical economic plan calling for the
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lawsuit in Thailand filed against those who promoted such views. He became a symbol of resistance against military dictatorships,
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Kobkua Suwannathat-Pian(1995). Thailand's Durable Premier: Phibun Through Three Decades 1932-1957. Kuala Lumpur University Press.
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of land, public employment, and social security. The plan was rejected by royalists and some ex-members of Khana Ratsadon, who
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However, Seng's son, Tan Nai Kok (陳盛于/陈盛于; Chen Chengyu; Tan Sêng-u), emigrated to Siam in 1814, during the reign of King
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constitutionalists of the twentieth century," comparing him to such figures as Rousseau, Montesquieu, and de Tocqueville.
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raging, Thailand became a focus of the United States. Pridi, who supported the Vietnamese independence movement of
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On the morning of 9 June 1946, the young king was found dead in his bed in the Baromphiman Mansion in the
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and made his living by selling Chinese and Thai sweets; it is said he had made innovations by combining
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during 1941 to 1945, a powerless post at the time. Shortly thereafter, he became leader of the domestic
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2131:"Singapore: asylum for Nai Pridi Banomyong, former Prime Minister of Thailand | The National Archives"
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in 1927 to work for the Ministry of Justice. He quickly rose in rank, and was granted the royal title
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of 12 countries. With these treaties, Thailand was able to regain independence with regard to legal
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Pridi wrote that his great-great-great-grandfather, Heng, was a native of Etang Village in the
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during the early days of the People's Party, the two fell out in subsequent years. Pridi was
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As Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1936 to 1937, Pridi signed treaties revoking the
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2204:"Pridi Banomyong International College | Pridi Banomyong International College"
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806:), was a Thai statesman and professor. He served in multiple ministerial posts, as
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1868:"ExecutedToday.com » 1955: Three for the death of King Ananda of Thailand"
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Powers that be: Pridi Banomyong through the rise and fall of Thai democracy
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Thailand and the Fall of Singapore: The Frustrating of an Asian Revolution
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Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kingdom of Thailand "Complete Independence"
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Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
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returned in December 1945. He was formally named a Senior Statesman (
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2001:"How Thailand's 'Father of Democracy' is being erased from history"
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Banomyong, Pridi (2000). Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (eds.).
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1799:"พระบรมราชโองการ ประกาศ ยกย่องนายปรีดี พนมยงค์ เป็นรัฐบุรุษอาวุโส"
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Pridi by Pridi: Selected Writings on Life, Politics, and Economy
2073:"Bangkok Travelbug Nov 2017 Pridi Banomyong Memorial, Ayutthaya"
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did not believe that Pridi was involved in his brother's death.
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Pridi by Pridi: Selected Writing on Life, Politics, and Economy
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in January 1942, Pridi refused to sign it, as he served as the
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Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
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degree in 1919, he received a government scholarship to study
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2259:"ทำเนียบนายกรัฐมนตรี นายปรีดี พนมยงค์ (หลวงประดิษฐ์มนูธรรม)"
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791:; 11 May 1900 – 2 May 1983), also known by his noble title
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with a master's degree, and received a doctorate from the
2027:"When Pridi's diplomatic skills shaped the nation's fate"
1948:
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Knight Grand Cross (First Class) of The Most Illustrious
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is called the Pridi Banomyong Faculty of Law. The Pridi (
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1936:
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Knight Grand Cordon (Special Class) of the Most Exalted
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Members of the 5th House of Representatives of Thailand
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Members of the 4th House of Representatives of Thailand
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Members of the 3rd House of Representatives of Thailand
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Members of the 2nd House of Representatives of Thailand
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Members of the 1st House of Representatives of Thailand
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President of University of Moral and Political Sciences
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Medal for Service Rendered in the Interior (Indochina)
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Knight Grand Cordon (Special Class) of The Most Noble
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Pridi received the following royal decorations in the
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Siamese revolution of 1932 (การปฏิวัติสยาม พ.ศ. 2475)
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Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Chula Chom Klao
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1911:
1179:in Thailand and an invasion across the border from
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1129:were signed under duress during the reign of King
960:Pridi Banomyong at the Université de Caen, c. 1920
1239:, the Supreme Commander, Southeast Asia, visited
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1350:Biographer William Stevenson has said that King
1136:Although he had been friends with Field Marshal
3185:"†" indicate acting or caretaker officeholders.
2496:(in Thai) (5 ed.). Samesky (ฟ้าเดียวกัน).
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885:. The centenary of his birth was celebrated by
3845:People from Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya province
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1992:
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981:Law School of the Siamese Ministry of Justice
3760:Grand Cordons of the Order of the Rising Sun
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1965:
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1897:"Research & Articles on Pridi Banomyong"
1747:At that time, Thailand did not have surnames
1608:Dushdi Mala Medal for Services to the Nation
1106:Pridi returned to Thailand in 1934 to found
446:20 December 1938 – 16 December 1941
3770:Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of Vasa
1210:for the young monarch, who was studying in
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196:16 December 1941 – 5 December 1945
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1718:with Gold Palm (United States of America)
1268:Pridi retired from the regency when King
964:Pridi Phanomyong was born in Tha Wasukri
814:in Thailand. He led the civilian wing of
554:29 March 1934 – 12 February 1935
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
3860:Leaders of political parties in Thailand
3850:People of the Siamese revolution of 1932
3830:Ministers of foreign affairs of Thailand
2384:Timeline of the life of Pridi Phanomyong
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500:12 July 1936 – 13 December 1938
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1771:ก้าวแรกแห่งความสำเร็จ ดร. ปรีดี พนมยงค์
1171:possessions in the region, opening the
1102:Pridi Banomyomg (right) in Europe, 1935
399:24 March 1946 – 23 August 1946
328:24 March 1946 – 23 August 1946
258:24 March 1946 – 23 August 1946
3920:Alumni of Suankularb Wittayalai School
3750:Academic staff of Thammasat University
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3553:Association of Southeast Asian Nations
2409:1939). Retrieved on 19 November. 2008.
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1088:shut down parliament and the judiciary
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2772:as President of Thammasat University
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2432:1938). Retrieved on 19 November 2008.
2374:1937). Retrieved on 19 November 2008.
2351:1941). Retrieved on 19 November 2008.
2328:1945). Retrieved on 19 November 2008.
2182:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.
1551:Knight of The Ancient and Auspicious
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1331:and Colonel Kat Katsongkhram, ousted
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2025:Chaipipat, Kulachada (14 May 2000).
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
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3905:Thai politicians of Chinese descent
3765:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
2107:, สำนักพิมพ์มูลนิธิโกมลคีมทอง, 2540
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1693:Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
1599:Safeguarding the Constitution Medal
1043:
13:
3870:Recipients of the Medal of Freedom
3548:Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
1366:Pridi meeting with Chinese leader
1357:
16:Prime Minister of Thailand in 1946
14:
3931:
3835:Ministers of interior of Thailand
3182:" indicate military officeholders
1999:Millar, Paul (15 November 2018).
1705:Order of St Michael and St George
1441:One-time conservative monarchist
1247:
1224:, a liberal lawyer and member of
1048:
3825:Ministers of finance of Thailand
3701:Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)
3674:Communist insurgency in Thailand
2861:
2818:
2386:. Retrieved on 19 November 2008.
1721:
1710:
1698:
1686:
1674:
1662:
1650:
1639:
1621:
1612:
1603:
1594:
1582:
1570:
1558:
1546:
1481:
1094:Khana Ratsadon ministerial posts
743:
23:
3705:History of Thailand (1973–2001)
3376:The Prince Bidyalabh Bridhyakon
3371:The Prince Adireksorn Udomsakdi
3297:The Prince Narisara Nuwattiwong
3226:History of Thailand (1932–1973)
2460:
2435:
2412:
2389:
2354:
2331:
2293:. 6 December 1941. p. 4525
2276:
2251:
2222:
2196:
2162:
2148:. London: Robinson Publishing.
2123:
2110:
2079:
2065:
2047:
2018:
1980:. 2 December 1928. p. 2745
1528:): granted 1928, resigned 1941.
1516:
850:with the West, and tax reform.
829:Born to a family of farmers in
34:needs additional citations for
3579:April 1933 Siamese coup d'état
1895:Gerald W. Fry (18 June 2012).
1888:
1874:
1860:
1791:
1761:
1741:
1589:Order of the Crown of Thailand
905:, southern China, who came to
1:
3855:Thai political party founders
3609:Japanese invasion of Thailand
3584:June 1933 Siamese coup d'état
3414:Phraya Phahon Phonphayuhasena
3325:Chao Phraya Bijayendra Yodhin
2239:. 28 August 1932. p. 313
1922:. 香港社会科学出版社有限公司. p. 17.
1806:Royal Thai Government Gazette
1754:
1726:Commander Grand Cross of the
1629:Royal Cypher Medal, 1st Class
1023:in economics and returned to
788:[prīː.dīːpʰā.nōm.jōŋ]
311:Thai House of Representatives
3241:Individuals and institutions
3116:Niwatthamrong Boonsongpaisan
2881:Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena
2852:Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena
2598:Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena
2562:Chaophraya Bijayendra Yodhin
2540:Chaophraya Bijayendra Yodhin
2492:Mektrairat, Nakarin (2010).
2318:, Vol. 62 No. 70, Page 1900.
2263:Office of the Prime Minister
2118:ลายพระหัตถ์ ม.จ.ศุภสวัสดิ์ฯ
974:Suankularb Wittayalai School
7:
3865:Prime ministers of Thailand
3543:Communist Party of Thailand
3408:Phraya Manopakorn Nitithada
3401:Prime Ministers of Thailand
2846:Phraya Manopakorn Nitithada
2825:Prime ministers of Thailand
2669:Pao Pienlert Boripanyutakit
2642:Chaophraya Sri Thammathibet
2632:Minister of Foreign Affairs
2144:Stevenson, William (2001).
1846:. Bangkok: Silkworm Books.
1577:Order of the White Elephant
1467:Chloropsis aurifrons pridii
776:
488:Minister of Foreign Affairs
481:Pao Pienlert Boripanyutakit
10:
3936:
3895:Thai expatriates in France
3594:Rebellion of the Sergeants
3569:Siamese revolution of 1932
3367:(Plod Vichear na Songkhla)
3292:The Prince of Nakhon Sawan
2452:. 3 April 1938. p. 3.
2230:"ตั้งกรรมการกรมร่างกฎหมาย"
2178:Brailey, Nigel J. (1986).
1899:. BookRags. Archived from
1495:Civil Service of Siam rank
1463:Dhurakij Pundit University
1152:
1055:Siamese Revolution of 1932
1052:
979:After graduating from the
246:Prime Minister of Thailand
3740:20th-century philosophers
3697:
3619:Thai cultural restoration
3574:Constitutions of Thailand
3497:Marshal of the Air Force
3232:
3174:
3132:
2922:
2870:
2859:
2836:
2748:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2719:
2710:
2702:
2692:
2683:
2675:
2665:
2656:
2648:
2638:
2629:
2621:
2611:
2602:
2594:
2589:
2566:
2544:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2422:, Vol. 55, Pages 2958-59.
1657:Order of the German Eagle
1524:
1509:
1385:
1125:for the first time since
1036:
892:
803:
765:
751:
739:
731:Thai Royal College of Law
716:
708:
698:
686:
676:
668:
651:
623:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
582:
570:
558:
547:
540:
528:
516:
504:
493:
486:
474:
462:
450:
439:
427:
415:
403:
392:
385:
381:
372:
368:
356:
344:
332:
321:
307:
295:
283:
262:
251:
243:
210:
200:
189:
182:
178:
166:
157:
125:
3735:20th-century Thai judges
3684:14 October 1973 Uprising
3447:Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
3351:(Thongdi Nolarajasuwach)
3327:(General Um Indrayodhin)
2937:Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
2696:Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
2517:Offices and distinctions
2446:(Microfilm reel NL02368)
2443:"Hitler Honours Siamese"
2341:, Vol. 58, Page 1945-46.
1918:洪林, 黎道纲主编 (April 2006).
1768:Wichai Bhuyotin (1996).
1734:
1565:Order of Chula Chom Klao
1411:ascended to the throne.
1407:position of regent when
952:Early life and education
589:Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
316:Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya
302:Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
158:
3639:Army General Staff plot
2615:Luang Thamrongnawasawat
1645:Order of the Rising Sun
1115:extraterritorial rights
1063:Pridi Banomyong in 1915
1013:constitutional monarchy
844:1932 Siamese Revolution
818:, and helped found the
3654:Silent Coup (Thailand)
3166:Paetongtarn Shinawatra
2686:Prime Minister of Siam
2575:Phra Suthammavinijchai
2146:The Revolutionary King
2116:ประสิทธิ์ ลุลิตานนท์,
1971:"พระราชทานบรรดาศักดิ์"
1553:Order of the Nine Gems
1522:Luang Praditmanutham (
1403:
1371:
1265:
1257:
1237:Lord Louis Mountbatten
1103:
1064:
961:
3915:Thai social democrats
3679:1971 Thai coup d'état
3664:1958 Thai coup d'état
3659:1957 Thai coup d'état
3629:1948 Thai coup d'état
3624:1947 Thai coup d'état
3599:Songsuradet rebellion
3420:Plaek Phibunsongkhram
3383:(Bhat Phuengphrakhun)
3360:The Prince of Chainat
3349:Phraya Nolarajasuwach
3333:(Dr. Pridi Banomyong)
3314:Prince Aditya Dibabha
3100:Chavarat Charnvirakul
3057:Chavalit Yongchaiyudh
2948:Plaek Phibunsongkhram
2888:Plaek Phibunsongkhram
2765:Plaek Phibunsongkhram
2706:Phraya Sri Wisarawaja
2556:Prince Aditya Dibabha
2536:Prince Aditya Dibabha
2399:, Vol. 55, Page 4032.
2364:, Vol. 54, Page 2213.
1777:. Thai Watanapanich.
1393:
1365:
1263:
1256:Pridi in London, 1947
1255:
1192:Plaek Phibunsongkhram
1138:Plaek Phibunsongkhram
1101:
1062:
959:
924:. Nai Kok settled in
855:Plaek Phibunsongkhram
457:Plaek Phibunsongkhram
220:Plaek Phibunsongkhram
3910:Thai revolutionaries
3885:Thai autobiographers
3840:People from Chenghai
3745:20th-century regents
3516:Luang Wichitwathakan
3499:Fuen R. Ritthakhanee
3365:Phraya Manovaratsevi
3344:Phra Suthamawinichay
3331:Luang Praditmanutham
3319:Chao Phraya Yomarath
3309:The Prince Anuvatana
3253:Monarchy of Thailand
3160:Phumtham Wechayachai
3072:Chitchai Wannasathit
3019:Chatichai Choonhavan
2652:Phraya Chaiyotsombat
2605:Minister of Interior
2059:15 June 2006 at the
2005:Southeast Asia Globe
1903:on 30 October 2011.
1679:Grand Cordon of the
1489:Thammasat University
1453:On 30 October 1999,
1421:In his later years,
1396:Thammasat University
1163:launched attacks on
1159:On 8 December 1941,
1108:Thammasat University
909:during the reign of
883:Thammasat University
853:Pridi diverged from
542:Minister of Interior
43:improve this article
3880:Regents of Thailand
3649:Manhattan Rebellion
3589:Boworadet Rebellion
3491:Lieutenant General
3458:Thanom Kittikachorn
3392:Princess Srisangwan
3381:Luang Adundetcharat
3355:Sa-nguan Chuthatemi
3280:Regents of Thailand
3111:Yingluck Shinawatra
3052:Banharn Silpa-archa
3030:Suchinda Kraprayoon
2974:Thanom Kittikachorn
2960:Thanom Kittikachorn
2713:Minister of Finance
2659:Minister of Finance
1870:. 17 February 2018.
1703:Grand Cross of the
1691:Grand Cross of the
1667:Grand Cross of the
1655:Grand Cross of the
1647:, 1st Class (Japan)
1634:Foreign decorations
1525:หลวงประดิษฐ์มนูธรรม
1502:Ministry of Justice
1394:Statue of Pridi at
1190:When Field Marshal
1177:amphibious landings
1037:หลวงประดิษฐ์มนูธรรม
839:University of Paris
804:หลวงประดิษฐ์มนูธรรม
726:University of Paris
422:Tianliang Huntrakul
387:Minister of Finance
374:Ministerial offices
363:Nittayakorn Worawan
351:Additional election
3755:Exiled politicians
3533:Free Thai Movement
3272:Bhumibol Adulyadej
3078:Thaksin Shinawatra
3067:Thaksin Shinawatra
3006:Kriangsak Chamanan
3000:Thanin Kraivichien
2924:Bhumibol Adulyadej
2761:Title next held by
2590:Political offices
2583:Sanguan Juthathemi
2579:Praya Nonrajasuvaj
2571:Title next held by
2477:. Silkworm Books.
1882:"Leaving Thailand"
1808:. 11 December 1945
1477:Honours and awards
1404:
1372:
1352:Bhumibol Adulyadej
1266:
1258:
1196:declaration of war
1155:Free Thai Movement
1149:Free Thai movement
1104:
1065:
966:Ayutthaya Province
962:
903:Guangdong Province
863:Free Thai Movement
835:University of Caen
831:Ayutthaya province
693:Free Thai Movement
275:Bhumibol Adulyadej
184:Regent of Thailand
3900:Thai philosophers
3875:Refugees in China
3712:
3711:
3692:
3691:
3192:
3191:
3143:Prayut Chan-o-cha
3123:Prayut Chan-o-cha
3106:Abhisit Vejjajiva
3095:Somchai Wongsawat
3084:Surayud Chulanont
3042:Anand Panyarachun
3036:Meechai Ruchuphan
3024:Anand Panyarachun
3013:Prem Tinsulanonda
2980:Sanya Dharmasakti
2784:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2730:Academic offices
2720:Succeeded by
2693:Succeeded by
2666:Succeeded by
2639:Succeeded by
2612:Succeeded by
2484:978-974-7551-35-8
2450:The Straits Times
2420:The Royal Gazette
2397:The Royal Gazette
2362:The Royal Gazette
2339:The Royal Gazette
2316:The Royal Gazette
1533:Royal decorations
1320:and US president
1274:Ratthaburut Awuso
1067:On 24 June 1932,
1009:absolute monarchy
997:political economy
936:skills. A devout
774:
755:
754:
703:Poonsuk Banomyong
594:
593:
523:Sisena Sombatsiri
469:Soem Kritsanamara
119:
118:
111:
93:
58:"Pridi Banomyong"
3927:
3795:Luang (nobility)
3644:Palace Rebellion
3493:Kat Katsongkhram
3426:Khuang Aphaiwong
3235:
3234:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3196:
3195:
3155:Srettha Thavisin
3149:Prawit Wongsuwon
3090:Samak Sundaravej
2942:Khuang Aphaiwong
2909:Khuang Aphaiwong
2894:Khuang Aphaiwong
2865:
2823:
2822:
2811:
2804:
2797:
2788:
2787:
2769:
2723:Wichit Lulitanon
2703:Preceded by
2679:Khuang Aphaiwong
2676:Preceded by
2649:Preceded by
2622:Preceded by
2595:Preceded by
2533:Preceded by
2525:
2524:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2488:
2469:Banomyong, Pridi
2454:
2453:
2447:
2439:
2433:
2416:
2410:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2358:
2352:
2335:
2329:
2312:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2288:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2234:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2206:. Archived from
2200:
2194:
2193:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2127:
2121:
2114:
2108:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2087:Sivaraksa, Sulak
2083:
2077:
2076:
2069:
2063:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1975:
1967:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1839:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1803:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1776:
1765:
1748:
1745:
1725:
1716:Medal of Freedom
1714:
1707:(United Kingdom)
1702:
1690:
1681:Order of Leopold
1678:
1669:Légion d'honneur
1666:
1654:
1643:
1625:
1616:
1607:
1598:
1586:
1574:
1562:
1550:
1527:
1526:
1511:
1469:), a species of
1289:Khuang Aphaiwong
1222:Khuang Aphaiwong
1185:Battle of Malaya
1181:French Indochina
1175:. This included
1127:unequal treaties
1044:Political career
1039:
1038:
989:Bachelor of Laws
848:unequal treaties
824:Bank of Thailand
805:
790:
785:
781:
778:Pridi Phanomyong
769:
767:
747:
658:
637:
635:
619:Personal details
585:
573:
561:
552:
535:Chit Na Songkhla
531:
519:
507:
498:
477:
465:
453:
444:
434:Wichit Lulitanon
430:
418:
406:
397:
370:
369:
359:
347:
335:
326:
298:
290:Khuang Aphaiwong
286:
256:
225:Khuang Aphaiwong
213:
194:
171:
161:
123:
122:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3693:
3688:
3604:Franco-Thai War
3557:
3481:Phin Choonhavan
3468:
3441:Pridi Banomyong
3228:
3223:
3193:
3188:
3170:
3128:
2932:Pridi Banomyong
2918:
2914:Pridi Banomyong
2866:
2857:
2832:
2817:
2815:
2785:
2780:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2745:
2725:
2716:
2708:
2698:
2689:
2681:
2671:
2662:
2654:
2644:
2635:
2627:
2625:Phraya Sri Sena
2617:
2608:
2600:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2559:
2552:
2550:
2542:
2538:
2518:
2510:
2504:
2485:
2463:
2458:
2457:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2417:
2413:
2394:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2359:
2355:
2336:
2332:
2313:
2306:
2296:
2294:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2267:
2265:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2242:
2240:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2190:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2142:
2138:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2115:
2111:
2102:
2098:
2084:
2080:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2061:Wayback Machine
2052:
2048:
2038:
2036:
2029:
2023:
2019:
2009:
2007:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1955:Mektrairat 2010
1953:
1949:
1943:Mektrairat 2010
1941:
1937:
1930:
1916:
1912:
1893:
1889:
1880:
1879:
1875:
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1792:
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1774:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1659:(Germany), 1938
1636:
1535:
1519:
1497:
1484:
1479:
1443:Sulak Sivaraksa
1388:
1360:
1358:Permanent exile
1329:Phin Choonhavan
1324:along the way.
1322:Harry S. Truman
1318:Chiang Kai-shek
1311:Sulak Sivaraksa
1287:In March 1946,
1250:
1157:
1151:
1096:
1084:nationalisation
1057:
1051:
1046:
954:
899:Chenghai County
895:
783:
758:Pridi Banomyong
735:
688:
687:Other political
677:Political party
660:
656:
639:
633:
631:
630:
629:
583:
571:
559:
553:
548:
529:
517:
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309:
296:
284:
279:
257:
252:
239:
211:
195:
190:
174:
162:
159:
153:
133:
132:Pridi Banomyong
130:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3933:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
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3827:
3822:
3817:
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3807:
3802:
3797:
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3752:
3747:
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3727:
3710:
3709:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3528:Khana Ratsadon
3519:
3518:
3513:
3511:Direk Jayanama
3502:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3483:
3479:Field Marshal
3471:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3464:Sarit Thanarat
3462:Field Marshal
3460:
3456:Field Marshal
3454:
3449:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3431:Thawi Bunyaket
3428:
3422:
3418:Field Marshal
3416:
3410:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3362:
3357:
3352:
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3335:
3334:
3328:
3322:
3316:
3311:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3276:
3275:
3269:
3266:Ananda Mahidol
3263:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3222:
3221:
3214:
3207:
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3190:
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3183:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3157:
3152:
3146:
3138:
3136:
3134:Vajiralongkorn
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3119:
3113:
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3097:
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3054:
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3039:
3033:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
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2977:
2970:
2967:Sarit Thanarat
2963:
2956:
2951:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2899:Thawi Bunyaket
2896:
2891:
2884:
2876:
2874:
2872:Ananda Mahidol
2868:
2867:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2855:
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2547:Regent of Siam
2543:
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2529:
2528:Regnal titles
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2519:
2509:
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2502:
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2250:
2221:
2210:on 8 July 2018
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2122:
2109:
2096:
2078:
2064:
2046:
2017:
1991:
1959:
1957:, p. 206.
1947:
1945:, p. 205.
1935:
1928:
1910:
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1627:King Rama VIII
1618:
1609:
1600:
1591:
1579:
1567:
1555:
1539:Honours System
1534:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1518:
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1513:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1483:
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1478:
1475:
1387:
1384:
1359:
1356:
1278:Thawi Bunyaket
1270:Ananda Mahidol
1249:
1248:Post-war years
1246:
1165:Southeast Asia
1161:Imperial Japan
1153:Main article:
1150:
1147:
1095:
1092:
1077:Chakri dynasty
1073:People's Party
1069:Khana Ratsadon
1053:Main article:
1050:
1049:People's Party
1047:
1045:
1042:
1032:Praditmanutham
1021:higher diploma
1015:. He earned a
953:
950:
894:
891:
881:politics, and
867:Ananda Mahidol
816:Khana Ratsadon
812:prime minister
796:Praditmanutham
753:
752:
749:
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737:
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728:
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681:Khana Ratsadon
678:
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659:(aged 82)
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560:Prime Minister
556:
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506:Prime Minister
502:
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452:Prime Minister
448:
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405:Prime Minister
401:
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379:
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366:
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342:
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334:Prime Minister
330:
329:
319:
318:
305:
304:
299:
293:
292:
287:
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270:Ananda Mahidol
266:
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238:
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230:Thawi Bunyaket
227:
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208:
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202:
198:
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128:His Excellency
126:
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15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3445:Rear Admiral
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3387:Queen Sirikit
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3065:
3063:
3062:Chuan Leekpai
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3047:Chuan Leekpai
3045:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3001:
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2993:
2991:
2990:Kukrit Pramoj
2988:
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2789:
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2767:
2766:
2758:
2756:
2751:
2744:
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2737:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2715:
2714:
2707:
2701:
2697:
2688:
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2670:
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2514:
2505:
2503:9786169023869
2499:
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2480:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2465:
2451:
2444:
2438:
2431:
2427:
2424:28 November,
2423:
2421:
2415:
2408:
2404:
2401:27 February,
2400:
2398:
2392:
2385:
2380:
2373:
2369:
2366:13 December,
2365:
2363:
2357:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2334:
2327:
2323:
2320:11 December,
2319:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2292:
2291:Royal Gazette
2285:
2279:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2238:
2237:Royal Gazette
2231:
2225:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2191:
2189:9780813303017
2185:
2181:
2174:
2165:
2157:
2151:
2147:
2140:
2132:
2126:
2119:
2113:
2106:
2103:ส. ศิวรักษ์,
2100:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2050:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1979:
1978:Royal Gazette
1972:
1966:
1964:
1956:
1951:
1944:
1939:
1931:
1929:962-620-127-4
1925:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1883:
1877:
1869:
1863:
1855:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1807:
1800:
1794:
1786:
1784:974-08-2445-5
1780:
1773:
1772:
1764:
1760:
1744:
1740:
1729:
1728:Order of Vasa
1724:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1541:of Thailand:
1540:
1521:
1520:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1490:
1487:Professor of
1486:
1485:
1482:Academic rank
1474:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1436:Josiah Crosby
1433:
1427:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1401:
1400:Tha Phra Chan
1397:
1392:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1369:
1364:
1355:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1264:Pridi in 1947
1262:
1254:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1216:United States
1213:
1209:
1205:
1204:United States
1201:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1146:
1143:
1142:anti-Japanese
1139:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1100:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1061:
1056:
1041:
1033:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1019:in law and a
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
977:
975:
971:
967:
958:
949:
947:
943:
939:
935:
934:Thai culinary
931:
927:
923:
918:
916:
912:
911:Boromaracha V
908:
904:
900:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
851:
849:
845:
840:
836:
832:
827:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
801:
797:
795:
789:
780:
779:
772:
766:ปรีดี พนมยงค์
763:
759:
750:
746:
742:
738:
732:
729:
727:
724:
723:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
704:
701:
697:
694:
691:
685:
682:
679:
675:
671:
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654:
650:
646:
642:
626:
622:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
590:
587:
581:
578:
577:Phraya Phahon
575:
569:
566:
565:Phraya Phahon
563:
557:
551:
546:
543:
539:
536:
533:
527:
524:
521:
515:
512:
511:Phraya Phahon
509:
503:
497:
492:
489:
485:
482:
479:
473:
470:
467:
461:
458:
455:
449:
443:
438:
435:
432:
426:
423:
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402:
396:
391:
388:
384:
380:
371:
367:
364:
361:
355:
352:
349:
343:
340:
337:
331:
325:
320:
317:
312:
308:Member of the
306:
303:
300:
294:
291:
288:
282:
276:
273:
271:
268:
267:
265:
261:
255:
250:
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236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
217:
215:
209:
206:
203:
199:
193:
188:
185:
181:
177:
173:Pridi in 1945
170:
165:
160:ปรีดี พนมยงค์
156:
152:
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
129:
124:
121:
113:
110:
102:
99:November 2018
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3614:World War II
3562:
3561:
3522:Institutions
3521:
3520:
3504:
3503:
3487:Phao Siyanon
3473:
3472:
3452:Pote Sarasin
3440:
3399:
3398:
3330:
3321:(Pan Sukhum)
3278:
3277:
3251:
3250:
3179:
3141:
3121:
3082:
3028:
3011:
3004:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2954:Pote Sarasin
2946:
2931:
2913:
2886:
2879:
2850:
2771:
2770:
2763:
2753:
2749:
2740:
2735:
2711:
2684:
2657:
2630:
2603:
2573:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2545:
2493:
2473:
2468:
2461:Bibliography
2449:
2437:
2419:
2414:
2396:
2391:
2379:
2361:
2356:
2338:
2333:
2315:
2295:. Retrieved
2278:
2266:. Retrieved
2253:
2241:. Retrieved
2224:
2212:. Retrieved
2208:the original
2198:
2179:
2173:
2164:
2145:
2139:
2125:
2112:
2099:
2090:
2081:
2067:
2049:
2037:. Retrieved
2033:
2020:
2008:. Retrieved
2004:
1994:
1982:. Retrieved
1950:
1938:
1919:
1913:
1904:
1901:the original
1890:
1876:
1862:
1843:
1810:. Retrieved
1793:
1770:
1763:
1743:
1536:
1517:Noble titles
1466:
1459:
1452:
1448:
1440:
1432:dictatorship
1428:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1405:
1373:
1349:
1341:
1326:
1315:
1307:Grand Palace
1304:
1293:
1286:
1273:
1267:
1234:
1230:
1220:
1189:
1158:
1135:
1119:jurisdiction
1112:
1105:
1081:
1068:
1066:
1028:
978:
963:
942:entrepreneur
919:
896:
871:
852:
828:
792:
777:
757:
756:
689:affiliations
657:(1983-05-02)
584:Succeeded by
549:
530:Succeeded by
495:
476:Succeeded by
441:
429:Succeeded by
409:
394:
358:Succeeded by
350:
338:
323:
297:Succeeded by
253:
191:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3890:Thai exiles
3730:1983 deaths
3725:1900 births
3669:Vietnam War
3436:Seni Pramoj
3268:(Rama VIII)
3260:Prajadhipok
2995:Seni Pramoj
2985:Seni Pramoj
2904:Seni Pramoj
2838:Prajadhipok
2755:Duan Bunnag
2289:(in Thai).
2261:(in Thai).
2235:(in Thai).
2010:18 November
1976:(in Thai).
1804:(in Thai).
1510:อํามาตย์ตรี
1423:Seni Pramoj
1300:Ho Chi Minh
1282:Seni Pramoj
1212:Switzerland
1173:Pacific War
1071:, the tiny
1040:) in 1928.
1001:Sciences Po
669:Nationality
638:11 May 1900
572:Preceded by
518:Preceded by
464:Preceded by
417:Preceded by
346:Preceded by
285:Preceded by
235:Seni Pramoj
3719:Categories
3634:Korean War
3563:Key events
3538:Coup Group
3262:(Rama VII)
3244:Key events
2746:1934–1946
2663:1938–1941
2636:1936–1938
2609:1934–1935
2155:1841194514
2034:The Nation
1853:9747551357
1755:References
1368:Mao Zedong
970:Vajiravudh
784:pronounced
718:Alma mater
655:2 May 1983
634:1900-05-11
376:1934–1946
69:newspapers
3304:Rama VIII
3274:(Rama IX)
2551:1941–1945
2343:19 June,
2030:(Opinion)
1683:(Belgium)
1504:of Siam (
1500:Chief of
1409:Rama VIII
1337:Singapore
1226:Seri Thai
1194:issued a
985:barrister
926:Ayutthaya
889:in 2000.
810:, and as
740:Signature
645:Krung Kao
641:Ayutthaya
550:In office
496:In office
442:In office
395:In office
324:In office
254:In office
192:In office
3485:General
3474:Military
3412:General
3287:Rama VII
3238:Politics
2757:(Acting)
2471:(2000).
2268:3 August
2243:3 August
2089:(1999).
2057:Archived
1920:泰国华侨华人研究
1730:(Sweden)
1671:(France)
1471:leafbird
1345:regicide
1333:Thamrong
1296:Cold War
1202:and the
1198:against
1167:and the
1123:taxation
946:cremated
938:Buddhist
822:and the
709:Children
664:, France
263:Monarchs
3339:Rama IX
3180:italics
2039:30 July
1812:4 April
1695:(Italy)
1620:1938 -
1611:1942 -
1602:1939 -
1593:1933 -
1581:1937 -
1569:1941 -
1557:1945 -
1545:1945 -
1402:campus.
1294:As the
1241:Bangkok
1200:Britain
1131:Rama IV
1011:into a
987:with a
930:Chinese
922:Rama II
879:liberal
773::
410:himself
339:himself
201:Monarch
151:KmstkVO
83:scholar
3505:Others
3424:Major
2750:Vacant
2568:Vacant
2500:
2481:
2428:2481 (
2405:2481 (
2370:2480 (
2347:2484 (
2324:2488 (
2297:17 May
2214:8 July
2186:
2152:
1984:17 May
1926:
1850:
1781:
1455:UNESCO
1446:1947.
1386:Legacy
1376:France
1370:, 1965
1208:Regent
1169:Allied
915:Taksin
893:Family
887:UNESCO
859:Regent
808:regent
699:Spouse
647:, Siam
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2736:First
2717:1946
2690:1946
2554:with
2287:(PDF)
2233:(PDF)
1974:(PDF)
1802:(PDF)
1775:(PDF)
1735:Notes
1380:Paris
1235:When
1030:Luang
1005:Paris
983:as a
875:libel
794:Luang
662:Paris
628:Pridi
314:from
90:JSTOR
76:books
2829:list
2498:ISBN
2479:ISBN
2430:C.E.
2426:B.E.
2407:C.E.
2403:B.E.
2372:C.E.
2368:B.E.
2349:C.E.
2345:B.E.
2326:C.E.
2322:B.E.
2299:2023
2270:2023
2245:2023
2216:2018
2184:ISBN
2150:ISBN
2041:2017
2012:2018
1986:2023
1924:ISBN
1848:ISBN
1814:2023
1779:ISBN
1506:Thai
1280:and
1121:and
1025:Siam
995:and
932:and
907:Siam
800:Thai
771:RTGS
762:Thai
672:Thai
652:Died
624:Born
244:7th
148:GCMG
142:MPCh
139:PChW
62:news
1398:in
1017:PhD
1003:in
999:at
993:law
901:of
145:MWM
45:by
3721::
3703:•
3699:←
2448:.
2307:^
2032:.
2003:.
1962:^
1822:^
1508::
1382:.
1284:.
1187:.
1133:.
1079:.
976:.
826:.
802::
782:,
768:,
764::
643:,
136:NR
3707:→
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3211:t
3204:v
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3162:†
3151:†
3118:†
3102:†
3074:†
3038:†
2831:)
2827:(
2810:e
2803:t
2796:v
2506:.
2487:.
2301:.
2272:.
2247:.
2218:.
2192:.
2158:.
2133:.
2093:.
2075:.
2043:.
2014:.
1988:.
1932:.
1884:.
1856:.
1816:.
1787:.
1512:)
1034:(
798:(
760:(
712:6
636:)
632:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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