1380:, in his study of heterodox Christian movements, including Quietism, points out, however, that Quietism is less a heresy or school of thought than a "tendency," a "direction of the human mind" to exaggerate concepts that otherwise could be considered perfectly orthodox. He suggests that it is misleading to speak of a Quietist School, if by this we mean a well thought-out set of beliefs that all members of a supposed Quietist heresy professed. Quietism, he maintains, is not a neat set of "conclusions." Rather, he asserts, Quietism, as it manifested itself in seventeenth-century Europe, ran the spectrum from almost completely orthodox teaching to extremely heterodox beliefs. "You can, he concludes, "be more or less of a Quietist." One, therefore, should always bear in mind that many differences in style and emphasis (and in some cases even in rather essential beliefs) exist among the various mystics labeled Quietist. As Knox has shown, the teachings of Molinos are not necessarily synonymous with those of La Combe or Guyon, much less those of FĂ©nelon.
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1772:) approach to meditation and contemplation; further, both acknowledged the authority of the Catholic Church and did not oppose its teaching concerning contemplative prayer. Thus, their work was not condemned as heresy, being consistent with Church teaching. This did not stop John's work, however, coming under suspicion after his death; the fact he was not canonised until 1726 is largely due to seventeenth-century suspicions of beliefs similar to those termed "Quietist" later in the century.
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came to the conclusion that the only real spirituality was achieved by paying attention to the Holy Spirit (the
Godhead) through silence, and founded the Quaker movement on this basis â one which shared much resemblance with "Quietist" thought. Quietist thinking was also influential among the British
1373:
Since the late seventeenth century, "Quietism" has functioned (especially within
Catholic theology, though also to an extent within Protestant theology), as the shorthand for accounts which are perceived to fall foul of the same theological errors, and thus to be heretical. As such, the term has come
1392:
and others), "Quietism" was a creation of its opponents, a somewhat artificial systematisation made on the basis of ecclesiastical condemnations and commentary upon them. No single author â even
Molinos, generally seen as the main representative of Quietist thought â advocated all the positions that
1421:
on meditation, and the likelihood that Jesuit writers would react poorly to any perceived attack on
Ignatiusâs thought. He said the meditation was an important stage of the spiritual life, but that it was well-established that in order to pass to the state of contemplation one must leave behind
1739:", written, importantly, in the French vernacular. Margaret is truly unique in her thought, but that the perfected soul becomes free of virtue and of its obligations and of those of the church she states clearly in her work, which is a theme throughout.
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formed the
Quietism of later Catholic doctrinal textbooks; as such, at least one author suggests that it is better to speak of a Quietist tendency or orientation, one which may be located in analogous forms through Christian history.
1364:
of 1687. "Quietism" was seen by critics as holding that man's highest perfection consists in a sort of psychical self-annihilation and a consequent absorption of the soul into the Divine
Essence even during the present life.
1746:
in 1329 may also be seen as an instance of an analogous concern in
Christian history. Eckhart's assertions that we are totally transformed into God just as in the sacrament the bread is changed into the body of Christ (see
1383:
Although both
Molinos and other authors condemned in the late seventeenth century, as well as their opponents, spoke of the Quietists (in other words, those who were devoted to the "prayer of quiet", an expression used by
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to be applied to beliefs far outside its original context. The term quietism was not used until the 17th century, so some writers have dubbed the expression of such errors before this era as "pre-quietism".
1512:, was forced to withdraw for two years (1731â1733) from his position as spiritual director to a community of nuns after he was suspected of Quietism (a charge of which he was acquitted).
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in which "the supreme aim of life on earth is the contemplation of the uncreated light whereby man is intimately united with God". However, according to Bishop
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were all accused of holding beliefs with similarities to those condemned in the
Quietist controversy. Among the ideas seen as errors and condemned by the
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of
Cambrai. A commission in France found most of Madame Guyon's works intolerable and the government confined her, first in a convent, then in the
17:
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in 1675. Molinos recommended absolute passivity and contemplation in total repose of the spirit. He was aware of the focus in the writings of
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1462:. Quietism spread among Catholics through small groups into France. The most noted representative was Madame Guyon, especially with her work
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1751:) and the value of internal actions, which are wrought by the Godhead abiding within us, have often been linked to later Quietist heresies.
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raised similar concerns to those of Quietism. These concerns continued into the mid-sixteenth century and in the writings of
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Tolles, Frederick B. (January 1945). "Quietism versus Enthusiasm: The Philadelphia Quakers and the Great Awakening".
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Rulmu, Callia (2010). "Between Ambition and Quietism: the Socio-political Background of 1 Thessalonians 4,9-12".
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Radiating Austerity: Disproving Quietism in Francisco de Zurbaran's Penitential Images of Saint Francis of Assisi
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1446:. Molinos' work was marked by imprecision and ambiguities that left it subject to unintended interpretations.
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Wainwright, Geoffrey (2009). "Revolution and Quietism: Two Political Attitudes in Theological Perspective".
1658:, "The distinctive tenets of the 17th-century Western Quietists are not characteristic of Greek hesychasm."
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From Molinos' teaching developed a less radical form known as Semiquietism, whose principle advocates were
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during the late 1670s and 1680s, particularly associated with the writings of the Spanish mystic
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rites has been perceived as a form of quietism. This may be a tacit reference to the Cathars or
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and W. E. Turner (1884 and 1886)) caused sharp controversy with evangelicals in the society.
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Believe Not Every Spirit: Possession, Mysticism, and Discernment in Early Modern Catholicism
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in 1317. Alternatively, it is likely to be a direct reference to the so-called Beguine,
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In early sixteenth-century Spain, concern over a set of beliefs held by those known as
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1978:, ed and trans by Robert P Baird, (New York: Paulist Press, 2010), pp21-39.
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1965:, ed and trans by Robert P Baird, (New York: Paulist Press, 2010), pp1-20.
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A Sociological Analysis of the Theology of Quakers: The Silent Revolution
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In the Eastern Orthodox Church, an analogous dispute might be located in
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1639:. The Stoics thought that living virtuously provided freedom from the
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says that the particular errors condemned in the bull are not in the
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This article is about the Christian philosophy. For other uses, see
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1941:. Classics of Western Spirituality. Paulist Press. pp. 21â39.
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2165:, ed and trans by Robert P. Baird, (New York: Paulist Press, 2010)
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1330:) to a set of contemplative practices that rose in popularity in
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1974:
Bernard McGinn, 'Introduction: Part Two', in Miguel de Molinos,
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Robert P Baird, 'Introduction: Part One', in Miguel de Molinos,
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1994:
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In 1699, after FĂ©nelon's spirited defense in a press war with
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1496:, Pope Innocent XII prohibited the circulation of FĂ©nelon's
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New York, Ontario & Lampeter: Edwin Mellen Press, 1996.
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Bayley, Peter (1999). "What was Quietism Subversive of?".
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Quietism is particularly associated with the writings of
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Madame Guyon won an influential convert at the court of
1700:, but may freely grant the body whatsoever it craves.
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Beliefs condemned as heretical by the Catholic Church
2052:"Stoicism | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy"
2123:. Chicago: University of Chicago. pp. 124â127.
2068:
The Westminster Dictionary of Christian Spirituality
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The doctrines of quietism were finally condemned by
2242:The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
2005:. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1508:, the Jesuit and author of the spiritual treatise
2280:. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). pp. 749â750.
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1665:in the second and third centuries, and over the
1397:The Quietist controversy of the 1670s and 1680s
2017:The Cambridge Dictionary of Christian Theology
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1719:, and that they are not subject to any human
1672:Likewise, the twelfth and thirteenth-century
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1808:(1562â1611), an English Catholic living in
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1783:of the later 19th century, when the tract
1669:heresy in the fourth and fifth centuries.
1500:, to which FĂ©nelon submitted at once. The
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1919:
1610:Learn how and when to remove this message
1161:A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation
87:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:17th-century ideas heretical to Catholics
1400:
2103:
1881:Ramos-Palermo, Melisa Jeanette (2009).
1559:"Quietism" Christian contemplation
1346:(and subsequently François Malaval and
1251:Tractatus de Purgatorio Sancti Patricii
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1988:
1986:
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1841:Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)
1812:, espoused quietism in a tract called
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2034:. p. 129 John Wiley & Sons.
1900:
1692:; that the "perfect" have no need to
1485:, leading eventually to her exile to
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2855:Community of the Lady of All Nations
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1785:A Reasonable Faith, by Three Friends
1548:adding citations to reliable sources
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1981:
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24:
2268:Northcote, Stafford Henry (1911).
2171:Seventeenth-Century French Studies
2154:Renoux, Christian, "Quietism", in
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2015:Ward, Patricia A. "Quietism", in
1816:, on deep prayer and meditation.
1742:The condemnation of the ideas of
1464:A Short and Easy Method of Prayer
1326:is the name given (especially in
1221:The Miracle of Our Lady of Fatima
1166:From Willow Creek to Sacred Heart
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1999:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1901:Helms, Chad (November 1, 2006).
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1510:Abandonment to Divine Providence
1236:On the Consolation of Philosophy
1216:Calls from the Message of Fatima
118:
41:
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2071:. Westminster John Knox Press.
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1535:needs additional citations for
1350:), and which were condemned as
18:Quietism (Christian philosophy)
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2009:
1968:
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291:Stages of Christian perfection
13:
1:
2065:Wakefield, Gordon S. (1983).
2031:Spirituality: A Brief History
1937:. In Baird, Robert P. (ed.).
1905:. Paulist Press. p. 85.
1867:
1727:led to their condemnation by
1635:", the characteristic of the
1438:of 1687. However, theologian
2344:Catholic Encyclopedia (1917)
2221:Scottish Journal of Theology
1935:: A Theological Reappraisal"
7:
2156:The Papacy: An Encyclopedia
2104:Porette, Margaret (1999) .
1931:"Miguel de Molinos and the
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1674:Brethren of the Free Spirit
1211:Fatima in Lucia's Own Words
1181:The Ladder of Divine Ascent
67:the claims made and adding
10:
2974:
2927:Catholic Church portal
2106:The Mirror of Simple Souls
2028:Sheldrake, Philip (2013).
1903:Fenélon: Selected Writings
1737:The Mirror of Simple Souls
1241:The Mirror of Simple Souls
1191:Revelations of Divine Love
29:
2948:17th-century Christianity
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2233:10.1017/S0036930600000727
2183:10.1179/c17.1999.21.1.195
2119:Sluhovsky, Moshe (2007).
1707:' denial of the need for
1246:Sister Catherine Treatise
1087:Reflection on the New Age
526:Symeon the New Theologian
250:Invoking of Mystic Saints
1929:McGinn, Bernard (2010).
1368:
1071:Contemporary papal views
965:Mary of the Divine Heart
2277:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1863:(Pietistic Lutheranism)
1715:of southern France and
1506:Jean Pierre de Caussade
1176:The Imitation of Christ
1156:Abbey of the Holy Ghost
1146:Book of the First Monks
897:Anne Catherine Emmerich
891:Mary of Jesus of Ăgreda
129:Theology and philosophy
2958:Heresy in Christianity
2306:Dictionary Information
1422:meditative practices.
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1231:The Cloud of Unknowing
1131:Dark Night of the Soul
1126:Ascent of Mount Carmel
1023:Sister LĂșcia of FĂĄtima
1011:Alexandrina of Balazar
843:Margaret Mary Alacoque
724:Mechthild of Magdeburg
2902:Positive Christianity
2302:"Definition Quietism"
2290:Columbia Encyclopedia
2002:Catholic Encyclopedia
1993:Pace, Edward (1911).
1688:as to become utterly
1678:Beguines and Beghards
1404:
1256:The Vision of AdamnĂĄn
1076:Aspects of meditation
150:Catholic spirituality
2296:on 12 February 2006.
2161:de Molinos, Miguel,
2019:, (Cambridge, 2011).
1544:improve this article
1498:Maxims of the Saints
1105:Literature and media
950:Bernadette Soubirous
707:Beatrice of Nazareth
646:Beatrice of Nazareth
511:Bernard of Clairvaux
2953:Christian mysticism
2870:Jehovah's Witnesses
2742:Spanish Adoptionism
2163:The Spiritual Guide
1976:The Spiritual Guide
1963:The Spiritual Guide
1939:The Spiritual Guide
1475:Madame de Maintenon
1413:. He published the
1201:Theologia Germanica
1196:The Story of a Soul
1171:The Glories of Mary
1151:The Interior Castle
1049:Charles de Foucauld
661:John van Ruysbroeck
521:Hildegard of Bingen
380:(by era or century)
225:Spiritual direction
112:Christian mysticism
2437:Antidicomarianites
2092:Ramos-Palermo 2009
1749:transubstantiation
1479:Archbishop FĂ©nelon
1450:Quietism in France
1419:Ignatius of Loyola
1407:
1358:in the papal bull
1136:Spiritual Canticle
971:ThérÚse of Lisieux
955:Conchita de Armida
873:John of St. Samson
863:Charles de Condren
853:Jean-Jacques Olier
806:Catherine of Genoa
772:Francisco de Osuna
766:Ignatius of Loyola
719:Catherine of Siena
449:Arsenius the Great
340:Passive asceticism
52:possibly contains
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2775:Consubstantiation
2130:978-0-226-76282-1
2078:978-0-664-22170-6
1948:978-0-8091-4650-5
1814:Way of Perfection
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577:Francis of Assisi
559:Dominic de GuzmĂĄn
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444:Anthony the Great
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1643:, resulting in
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1444:Spiritual Guide
1415:Spiritual Guide
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2227:(6): 535â55.
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2018:
2012:
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1555:Find sources:
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1533:This section
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1226:Sol de FĂĄtima
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263:Contemplation
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244:Lectio Divina
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50:This article
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2895:Santa Muerte
2885:Narco-saints
2780:Febronianism
2697:Free Spirits
2682:Conciliarism
2625:Sabellianism
2588:Nestorianism
2494:Paulicianism
2415:Apollinarism
2347:. Retrieved
2343:
2328:. Retrieved
2324:
2309:. Retrieved
2305:
2294:the original
2289:
2275:
2248:(1): 26â49.
2245:
2241:
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2199:
2174:
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2114:
2105:
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2094:, p. 12
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2016:
2011:
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1851:Zen Buddhism
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1606:
1600:January 2021
1597:
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1566:
1554:
1542:Please help
1537:verification
1534:
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1463:
1460:Madame Guyon
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1348:Madame Guyon
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1059:Elena Aiello
1005:Marthe Robin
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489:John Cassian
313:
301:Divinization
282:
276:Jesus Prayer
242:
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74:
51:
2850:Americanism
2825:Lutheranism
2815:Arminianism
2795:Josephinism
2785:Gallicanism
2752:Waldensians
2654:Middle Ages
2603:Pelagianism
2593:Novatianism
2489:Manichaeism
2425:Anomoeanism
2410:Adoptionism
1502:Inquisition
1378:Ronald Knox
1039:Alfred Delp
1034:Simone Weil
1029:Edgar Cayce
587:Bonaventure
360:Charismatic
196:Monasticism
189:Monasticism
165:Neoplatonic
155:Hellenistic
2942:Categories
2810:Anabaptism
2722:Josephines
2717:Impanation
2702:Henricians
2692:Fraticelli
2687:Dulcinians
2667:Bogomilism
2566:Modalistic
2561:Athinganoi
2541:Marcionism
2526:Iconoclasm
2514:Sethianism
2484:Gnosticism
2349:3 February
2340:"Quietism"
2321:"Quietism"
2286:"Quietism"
1885:. p.
1868:References
1856:Nondualism
1776:George Fox
1757:alumbrados
1725:Fraticelli
1713:Albigenses
1709:sacerdotal
1686:perfection
1663:Gnosticism
1633:equanimity
1570:newspapers
1271:Purgatorio
1186:Philokalia
868:John Eudes
822:17th
745:15th
689:Henry Suso
568:Franciscan
538:13th
501:11th
474:Athanasius
469:Syncletica
407:Thomasines
347:Abstinence
238:Meditation
231:Meditation
213:Asceticism
145:Cataphatic
77:March 2016
61:improve it
2880:Mormonism
2875:Modernism
2860:Feeneyism
2842:Modernity
2820:Calvinism
2800:Pantheism
2790:Jansenism
2747:Taborites
2737:Pasagians
2732:Migetians
2707:Humiliati
2677:Catharism
2662:Arnoldism
2583:Montanism
2504:Naassenes
2474:Ebionites
2442:Audianism
2402:Antiquity
2330:7 October
2311:7 October
2191:0265-1068
1831:Hesychasm
1729:John XXII
1721:authority
1717:Catalonia
1667:Messalian
1652:Hesychasm
1489:in 1703.
1471:Louis XIV
995:Padre Pio
656:Hadewijch
651:Lutgardis
550:Dominican
391:Antiquity
307:Catharsis
269:Hesychasm
218:Mendicant
184:Practices
140:Ascetical
135:Apophatic
65:verifying
2832:Quietism
2727:Lollardy
2712:Hussites
2551:Modalism
2479:Euchites
2452:Donatism
2447:Docetism
2420:Arianism
2254:20087728
2212:42614996
1891:(thesis)
1826:Ataraxia
1820:See also
1800:Capuchin
1645:apatheia
1641:passions
1624:Apatheia
1483:Bastille
1324:Quietism
1276:Paradiso
516:Guigo II
484:Hilarion
365:Esoteric
353:Esoteric
296:Hesychia
283:Quietism
104:a series
102:Part of
32:Quietism
2890:MaximĂłn
2509:Ophites
2469:Dualism
2200:Biblica
1861:Pietism
1810:Belgium
1781:Quakers
1705:Cathars
1690:sinless
1631:meant "
1627:to the
1584:scholar
1494:Bossuet
1456:FĂ©nelon
1429:in the
1266:Inferno
1121:Scivias
1082:, 1989)
757:Spanish
637:Flemish
605:English
377:People
324:Kenosis
315:Theosis
206:Silence
170:Henosis
59:Please
2252:
2210:
2189:
2127:
2075:
2038:
1945:
1909:
1846:Taoism
1629:Stoics
1586:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1557:
1352:heresy
1338:, and
1332:France
1283:Fatima
1089:(2003)
882:Others
834:French
797:Others
698:Female
670:German
454:Poemen
402:Origen
2250:JSTOR
2208:JSTOR
1803:friar
1591:JSTOR
1577:books
1487:Blois
1369:Usage
1340:Spain
1336:Italy
2393:list
2351:2019
2332:2018
2313:2018
2187:ISSN
2125:ISBN
2073:ISBN
2036:ISBN
1943:ISBN
1907:ISBN
1798:The
1764:and
1703:The
1698:pray
1694:fast
1637:sage
1563:news
1458:and
1431:bull
989:20th
924:19th
826:18th
749:16th
542:14th
505:12th
2229:doi
2179:doi
1696:or
1546:by
1473:in
1354:by
201:New
63:by
2944::
2342:.
2323:.
2304:.
2288:.
2274:.
2246:69
2244:.
2225:29
2223:.
2204:91
2202:.
2185:.
2175:21
2173:.
1983:^
1921:^
1887:13
1791:,
1676:,
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1951:.
1915:.
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1787:(
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1598:(
1588:·
1581:·
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