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5004 Airfield
Construction Squadron records state the following plant was used at RAF Coolham in construction: 2 David Brown Tractors, 3 Dumpers, 1 DH10 Bulldozer, 1 D8 Bulldozer, 2 D4 Bulldozers, 1 Water Trailer, 1 Concrete Mixer, 1 Portable Saw, 1 Petrol Bowser, 1 scraper 12 yard, 1 Blade Grader, 1
718:
for use by heavy vehicles and high volumes of traffic, preventing the bearing surface from wearing away and becoming uneven, and preventing vehicles from sinking and becoming bogged down or stuck, and thus was ideal for constructing ALGs' runways which were only intended to be used temporarily, had
689:
objected to its demolition. Bridge Hill House, situated on the B2139 Thakeham Road at the western end of the main east-west runway, had its roof removed due to safety concerns about its height possibly hindering clearance at the end of the runway, making it uninhabitable until the roof was restored
684:
The north-south runway's southern end was initially obstructed by buildings. Five Mile Ash, situated on the south side of
Saucelands Lane, was demolished as it directly obstructed the southern end of the north-south runway. An adjacent historic property, Saucelands, was saved from destruction after
676:
at Barn House Farm, Shipley, (POW Camp 658) at the southern end of the airfield, while others were billeted in numerous farm buildings along
Saucelands Lane. Those who happened to live nearby could apply for a 'living out' pass and cycle/commute to and from the RAF Coolham. H. Kay, a local Horsham
746:
was used to move the rolls into place as the weight of each roll, although lighter than other alternatives, meant that it would otherwise take 6 personnel to move each roll into position. One row of tracking was laid along the entire length of each of
Coolham's runways and secured by a group of 3
751:
driving the 2ft and 3ft iron pickets into the ground one at a time, swinging in harmony on the same picket. Once this initial length of tracking was laid, other rolls of tracking were laid next to, and adjoined with, the side of the initial length, until the required width of the runway was
542:
Road, and just south east of
Coolham crossroad, with Saucelands Lane itself adjoining the southern perimeter. This ALG, which would be known as Royal Air Force Coolham, or more simply, RAF Coolham, was situated roughly 6 miles (9.7 km) southwest of
608:
In total, 113 acres (46 ha) of both wooded and agricultural land was requisitioned by the Air
Ministry at Coolham. Original estimates were that 700–800 hedgerow trees would need to be cleared, and approximately 8,400 feet (2,600 m) of
709:
aircraft losses if the airfield suffered enemy bombing. The larger main runway running east-west for 4,500 feet (1,372 m) and the smaller second runway running north-south for 3,600 feet (1,097 m) with both runways constructed using
756:
or a similar material should then be added onto the mesh to cover it, at
Coolham this was not the case as grass seed was sown over the area instead, so that the grass roots would help consolidate the soil together and to help with drainage.
760:
Barriers were erected on
Saucelands Lane because the lane crossed the north-south runway's southern end. The barriers were to be brought down to close the lane off to the public when the runway was in use in order to prevent
752:
completed, followed by a tractor being used to stretch the width of the tracking while it was then secured in place with further pickets until the whole length was taut. Although the
Sommerfeld tracking patent states that
519:(Operation Overlord). In total, 72 such sites were located, although this figure was considerably whittled down to just 23 sites which were eventually used to construct ALGs upon, this being mainly due to the
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930:
523:' fierce opposition to such large swathes of agricultural land being requisitioned and thus no longer being agriculturally productive. One of these sites was located on land near the small village of
2097:
1101:
The area requisitioned for RAF Coolham was 113 acres in total, which is 45.7295 hectares (113 divided by 2.471), 457,295m² (113 multiplied by 4,047), or 0.457295km² (113 multiplied by 247.1).
629:
present in the area, under-drainage would be required to prevent the strip area becoming boggy after rainfall, and this initially made planners believe preparation of the site would be slow.
633:
535:. A top-level Air Ministry conference was held at Coolham on 8 October 1942 when it was at last agreed that an ALG would indeed be constructed on the previously identified site at Coolham.
774:
861:
shows all units which were stationed at RAF Coolham at any point during its construction and its operational history (August 1943 – July 1944) as well as deconstruction efforts as the
973:
1898:
852:
personnel served at RAF Coolham at some point, 15 of whom were killed whilst carrying out their duties at or from RAF Coolham (each denotated below with a †).
735:, and flat iron bars were then threaded through the loops to physically anchor each track together, before it was all anchored to the ground using 2ft and 3ft
731:, with round iron bars at regular intervals all along its length running widthways and looped at either end. It was then rolled out flat on the ground like a
1634:
827:
1768:
1644:
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taking off and landing regularly. It consisted of rolls, 23 metres (75 ft) long and 3.25 metres (11 ft) wide, of metal wire mesh, similar to
320:
1690:
1664:
2092:
1850:
1639:
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contractors, were also employed in the initial ground clearance and levelling and Ronald
Coleman, a civil engineer who had been seconded to the
2087:
579:. On account of the Coolham site's level terrain and the area's excellent transport infrastructure connections via road and rail, specifically
1111:
Roller 8 ton, 1 Roller 2.5 ton, 1 D4 Tractor, 1 Disc Harrow, 1 Tractor Harrow, 1 Gang Roller, 1 Agricultural Trailer, and 1 Paint Sprayer.
621:
facilities. The area's natural flatness, although partly why it was chosen as an ALG site, also meant that, in conjunction with the heavy
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The 10-month-long construction of the airfield commenced during August 1943 with 156 personnel of Nos. 4661 and 4663 AC Flight, of
1919:
1845:
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1411:
1985:
1949:
1944:
714:. Sommerfeld tracking was a relatively light weight, inexpensive, quick, and easily assemblable method of reinforcing a ground
765:
from crossing the north-south runway which could otherwise cause a collision with aircraft during take offs and landings. The
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1778:
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72:
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RAF Squadrons. A comprehensive record of the movement and equipment of all RAF squadrons and their antecedents since 1912
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808:
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at RAF Coolham was a moveable caravan and the ALG was designated by the airfield identification letters XQ. There was no
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2013:
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A view from near the eastern edge of the main east-west runway in 2009 looking westward down its length
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681:, worked with both civilians and RAF personnel in constructing RAF Coolham from the very beginning.
1975:
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988:
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to aid aircraft in landing at night or bad weather and sorties were monitored by the personnel of
1939:
1507:
Coolham Airfield Remembered: Memories and anecdotes of a Sussex D-Day Fighter Station and village
1046:
742:
At RAF Coolham, 5004 Airfield Construction Squadron laid most of the Sommerfeld tracking down. A
592:
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468:
154:
2033:
1965:
1773:
962:
504:
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499:(ALGs). The main purpose of the Southern England ALGs was, owing to their close proximity to
56:
1389:"Method of reinforcing a top layer of a ground, as well as reinforcing mat applied therefor"
1304:
2008:
1763:
946:
903:
832:
778:
673:
500:
400:
366:
344:
804:
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8:
2023:
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27:
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which were intended to space aircraft apart from each other when not in use in order to
2003:
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610:
516:
300:
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1537:
1514:
1491:
1472:
1416:
888:
728:
512:
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295:
1369:
1758:
1753:
1438:
1434:"Twentieth Century Military Recording Project: Prisoner of War Camps (1939 – 1948)"
1388:
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1067:
1053:
939:
896:
880:
753:
736:
488:
462:
359:
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205:
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An assembled 300 feet (91 m) Sommerfeld track weighed approximately 2.5 tons.
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857:
715:
645:
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305:
195:
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1934:
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556:
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111:
1743:
815:
748:
743:
724:
568:
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185:
672:. A number of airmen constructing the ALG at Coolham were billeted at the
1465:
Action Stations 9: Military Airfields of the Central South and South-East
823:
797:
661:
564:
528:
476:
93:
41:
1264:
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was reverted back to agricultural land (September 1945 – October 1945):
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surveyors attempting to identify suitable sites for the construction of
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The site consisted of land accessed by, and to the east of, the B2139
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prior to, during, and after an anticipated future liberation of the
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46:
37:
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along with its allies. The other 6 Sussex ALGs constructed were
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2098:
Royal Air Force stations of World War II in the United Kingdom
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868:
614:
1230:
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1200:
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J.K. Lancaster. 5004 Squadron utilised a large arsenal of
1225:
732:
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to carry out construction including (but not limited to)
1193:
1171:
1169:
1133:
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would need to be laid and buried, along with wiring for
1166:
894:
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Two runways were constructed in total, along with 36
547:
and would be one of 7 ALGs eventually constructed in
1011:
No. 2800 (Light Anti-Aircraft) Squadron RAF Regiment
1006:
No. 2722 (Light Anti-Aircraft) Squadron RAF Regiment
1001:
No. 2701 (Light Anti-Aircraft) Squadron RAF Regiment
16:
Second World War British RAF Advanced Landing Ground
1325:
1219:
440:3,600 feet (1,097 m) Sommerfeld tracking
1240:
1181:
2079:
1021:
511:, which later manifested on 6 June 1944 as the
1387:
1234:
983:No. 16 Advanced Landing Ground Signals Section
1567:
595:, it was considered to be an ideal location.
1504:
1282:
1259:Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust 2011
1204:
1160:
980:No. 5090 (Polish) Type C Mobile Signals Unit
937:
886:
987:
1574:
1560:
1370:"Coolham: Advanced Landing Ground in WW2"
1075:No. 422 Aviation Fuel and Ammunition Park
1035:No. 5018 Airfield Construction Squadron †
971:
719:to be built quickly, and would see heavy
1485:
1462:
1412:"RAF Advanced Landing Grounds in Sussex"
1409:
1175:
963:No. 485 (New Zealand) (Fighter) Squadron
931:No. 411 (Polish) Repair and Salvage Unit
814:
788:
377:No. 485 (New Zealand) (Fighter) Squadron
2093:Royal Air Force stations in West Sussex
1527:
1310:Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust
1270:
1041:No. 5206 Airfield Construction Squadron
1038:No. 5027 Airfield Construction Squadron
1032:No. 5004 Airfield Construction Squadron
1029:No. 5003 Airfield Construction Squadron
781:, based nearby at Denne Road, Horsham.
515:(Operation Neptune, AKA D-Day) and the
2080:
1945:Commandant-General of the RAF Regiment
1431:
1187:
1045:
1016:No. 2829 (Field) Squadron RAF Regiment
2088:Military installations closed in 1945
1868:List of equipment of the RAF Regiment
1555:
1410:Matthews, Rupert (20 December 2010).
1367:
1347:
1246:
1097:
1095:
521:War Agricultural Executive Committees
459:Coolham Advanced Landing Ground (ALG)
2062:
955:No. 349 (Belgian) (Fighter) Squadron
372:No. 349 (Belgian) (Fighter) Squadron
1769:Princess Mary's RAF Nursing Service
1581:
922:No. 315 (Polish) (Fighter) Squadron
913:No. 306 (Polish) (Fighter) Squadron
904:No. 129 (Mysore) (Fighter) Squadron
839:No. 133 (Polish) (Fighter) Wing RAF
809:No. 133 (Polish) (Fighter) Wing RAF
634:5004 Airfield Construction Squadron
355:No. 315 (Polish) (Fighter) Squadron
350:No. 306 (Polish) (Fighter) Squadron
345:No. 129 (Mysore) (Fighter) Squadron
79:
13:
2009:Combined Cadet Force (RAF section)
1505:Hamlin, Paul; Davies, Ann (1996).
1327:"Expedient Pavements and Surfaces"
1092:
947:No. 222 (Natal) (Fighter) Squadron
367:No. 222 (Natal) (Fighter) Squadron
14:
2109:
1348:Flagg, Richard E. (27 May 2024).
1061:No. 49 (Faygate) Maintenance Unit
996:No. 1314 Mobile Wing RAF Regiment
258:Airfield Construction Service RAF
2061:
1925:Assistant Chief of the Air Staff
1273:, p. 59, 72, 85-86, 88, 94.
638:Airfield Construction Branch RAF
382:
291:European theatre of World War II
78:
71:
55:
26:
2019:RAF Centre of Aviation Medicine
1899:List of serving senior officers
1455:
1066:
1052:
897:No. 133 (Polish) (Fighter) Wing
879:
598:
429:4,500 feet (1,372 m)
338:No. 133 (Polish) (Fighter) Wing
49:in England, United Kingdom
1114:
1104:
784:
603:
1:
1291:
1023:Airfield Construction Service
846:
611:high-tension electrical cable
482:
210:RAF Second Tactical Air Force
1490:. UK: Ian Allan Publishing.
1488:RAF Airfields of World War 2
1471:: Patrick Stephens Limited.
1127:
503:, to provide air support to
7:
1794:RAF Mountain Rescue Service
1789:RAF Search and Rescue Force
1432:Thomas, Roger J.C. (2003).
1296:
487:During June and July 1942,
479:, England, United Kingdom.
10:
2114:
1950:Warrant Officer of the RAF
1645:Operational Training units
967:No. 6485 Servicing Echelon
959:No. 6349 Servicing Echelon
951:No. 6222 Servicing Echelon
927:No. 6315 Servicing Echelon
918:No. 6306 Servicing Echelon
909:No. 6129 Servicing Echelon
693:
690:after the end of the war.
687:West Sussex County Council
2042:
1994:
1958:
1912:
1894:List of notable personnel
1876:
1838:
1825:Royal Auxiliary Air Force
1817:
1729:
1699:
1691:Satellite Landing Grounds
1673:
1607:
1598:
1589:
870:Second Tactical Air Force
841:, July 1944, RAF Coolham.
811:, June 1944, RAF Coolham.
771:instrument landing system
420:
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140:
103:
66:
54:
35:
23:
2029:RAF Football Association
1930:Air Member for Personnel
1650:Schools / Training units
1463:Ashworth, Chris (1985).
1283:Hamlin & Davies 1996
1205:Hamlin & Davies 1996
1161:Hamlin & Davies 1996
1085:
989:Royal Air Force Regiment
497:Advanced Landing Grounds
1940:Air Member for Materiel
1368:Flute, Richard (2014).
1285:, p. iii, 135-139.
1220:GlobalSecurity.org 2024
889:No. 18 (Fighter) Sector
469:Advanced Landing Ground
451:Royal Air Force Coolham
399:17 metres (56 ft)
155:Advanced Landing Ground
1528:Jefford, C.G. (1988).
940:No. 135 (Fighter) Wing
842:
812:
360:No. 135 (Fighter) Wing
172:113 acres (46 ha)
1830:RAF Volunteer Reserve
1486:Falconer, J. (2012).
818:
792:
385:section for full list
1863:List of RAF missiles
1846:List of RAF aircraft
1764:RAF Medical Services
1749:RAF Chaplains Branch
974:No. 84 Group Signals
845:It is believed that
779:Royal Observer Corps
674:prisoner-of-war camp
501:Nazi-occupied Europe
391:Airfield information
312:Garrison information
125:50.98889°N 0.40139°W
2024:RAF Benevolent Fund
1959:symbols and uniform
1592:Ministry of Defence
1235:Google Patents 1989
1047:Maintenance Command
826:and Wing Commander
712:Sommerfeld tracking
553:RAF Fighter Command
431:Sommerfeld tracking
121: /
2004:Air Training Corps
1920:Chief of Air Staff
1784:RAF Music Services
1332:GlobalSecurity.org
1313:. 1 September 2011
843:
813:
700:aircraft dispersal
517:Battle of Normandy
421:Length and surface
301:Operation Overlord
202:Controlled by
130:50.98889; -0.40139
2075:
2074:
1904:Personnel numbers
1799:RAF Marine Branch
1779:RAF ground trades
1725:
1724:
1497:978-1-85780-349-5
1374:UK Airfield Guide
1350:"Coolham, Sussex"
828:Tadeusz Nowierski
805:Stanisław Skalski
729:chainlink fencing
585:Christ's Hospital
513:Normandy Landings
509:European mainland
453:, or more simply
448:
447:
444:
443:
296:Operation Neptune
2105:
2065:
2064:
1995:associated civil
1759:RAF Legal Branch
1754:RAF Intelligence
1640:Conversion units
1605:
1604:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1524:
1501:
1482:
1450:
1448:
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1439:Historic England
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489:Southern England
463:Second World War
457:, also known as
408:
407:
326:No. 84 Group RAF
282:
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206:No. 84 Group RAF
177:Site information
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2078:
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2038:
2014:RAF Association
1996:
1990:
1986:Heraldic badges
1954:
1908:
1872:
1834:
1813:
1739:Air Force Board
1731:
1721:
1695:
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1600:
1594:
1585:
1583:Royal Air Force
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1521:
1513:: Paul Hamlin.
1511:Irthlingborough
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874:Royal Air Force
858:order of battle
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830:
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775:ROC Group No. 2
747:personnel with
716:bearing surface
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642:Squadron Leader
640:, commanded by
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485:
466:Royal Air Force
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306:Operation Diver
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218:the public
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196:Royal Air Force
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1818:reserve forces
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1804:RAF Air Cadets
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1496:
1483:
1477:
1469:Wellingborough
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1429:
1407:
1394:Google Patents
1385:
1365:
1345:
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1300:
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1070:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
991:
986:
985:
984:
981:
976:
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969:
968:
965:
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949:
942:
936:
935:
934:
928:
925:
919:
916:
910:
907:
899:
893:
891:
885:
883:
878:
876:
867:
855:The following
820:Mustang Mk III
802:Wing Commander
794:Mustang Mk III
786:
783:
695:
692:
670:concrete mixer
605:
602:
600:
597:
573:RAF Funtington
491:was combed by
484:
481:
461:, is a former
446:
445:
442:
441:
438:
434:
433:
427:
423:
422:
419:
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404:
403:
397:
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334:
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318:
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142:Grid reference
138:
137:
105:
101:
100:
91:
85:
84:
77:
76:
70:
69:
68:
67:
64:
63:
60:
52:
51:
33:
32:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2110:
2099:
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2068:
2060:
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2048:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:organisations
1993:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1935:Air Secretary
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1884:Officer ranks
1882:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1864:
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1857:
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1565:
1563:
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1557:
1554:
1545:
1543:1-85310-053-6
1539:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1520:0-9527968-0-5
1516:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1478:0-85059-608-4
1474:
1470:
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1419:
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1408:
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1284:
1279:
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1236:
1231:
1229:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1189:
1184:
1178:, p. 70.
1177:
1176:Falconer 2012
1172:
1170:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1132:
1117:
1107:
1098:
1096:
1091:
1079:No. 8 Section
1078:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1048:
1040:
1037:
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1024:
1017:
1014:
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1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
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993:
990:
982:
979:
978:
975:
966:
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961:
958:
956:
953:
950:
948:
945:
944:
941:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
901:
898:
890:
882:
875:
871:
866:
864:
860:
859:
853:
840:
834:
829:
825:
821:
817:
810:
806:
803:
799:
795:
791:
782:
780:
776:
772:
768:
767:control tower
764:
758:
755:
750:
749:sledgehammers
745:
740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
717:
713:
708:
704:
703:hardstandings
701:
691:
688:
682:
680:
675:
671:
667:
666:paint sprayer
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
630:
628:
624:
620:
619:PBX telephone
616:
612:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
581:Billingshurst
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
557:RAF Appledram
554:
550:
546:
541:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
505:allied forces
502:
498:
494:
490:
480:
478:
474:
470:
467:
464:
460:
456:
452:
439:
436:
435:
432:
428:
425:
424:
418:
414:
409:
405:
402:
398:
394:
389:
386:
384:
378:
373:
368:
362:
361:
356:
351:
346:
340:
339:
335:
331:
328:
327:
322:
319:
315:
310:
307:
302:
297:
292:
289:
285:
266:
262:
259:
256:
254:Built by
252:
233:
229:
224:
220:
214:
211:
207:
204:
200:
197:
194:
190:
187:
184:
180:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
156:
153:
149:
145:
143:
139:
134:
106:
102:
95:
92:Shown within
74:
65:
58:
53:
48:
43:
39:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1913:appointments
1744:RAF Regiment
1730:branches and
1660:Glider units
1529:
1506:
1487:
1464:
1456:Bibliography
1443:. Retrieved
1437:
1421:. Retrieved
1415:
1399:. Retrieved
1392:
1377:. Retrieved
1373:
1357:. Retrieved
1354:UK Airfields
1353:
1337:. Retrieved
1330:
1315:. Retrieved
1308:
1278:
1271:Jefford 1988
1266:
1254:
1242:
1207:, p. 4.
1183:
1163:, p. 3.
1116:
1106:
1068:No. 42 Group
1054:No. 40 Group
881:No. 84 Group
856:
854:
844:
759:
744:mobile crane
741:
737:iron pickets
725:chicken wire
697:
683:
662:road rollers
631:
607:
599:Construction
569:RAF Deanland
537:
493:Air Ministry
486:
458:
454:
450:
449:
380:
358:
336:
324:
287:Battles/wars
242:– March 1944
226:Site history
216:Open to
186:Air Ministry
18:
1889:Other ranks
1655:Ferry units
1536:: Airlife.
1188:Thomas 2003
831: [
824:fighter ace
798:fighter ace
785:Based Units
658:dump trucks
604:Preparation
565:RAF Chailey
551:for use by
529:West Sussex
477:West Sussex
471:located in
455:RAF Coolham
437:North-south
383:Based Units
275:– July 1944
264:In use
234:August 1943
128: /
104:Coordinates
94:West Sussex
86:RAF Coolham
42:West Sussex
24:RAF Coolham
2082:Categories
2034:RAF Museum
1809:Operations
1774:RAF Police
1732:components
1665:Misc units
1599:formations
1534:Shrewsbury
1292:References
1247:Flagg 2024
850: 700
721:aeroplanes
679:War Office
650:bulldozers
627:Weald Clay
589:Southwater
577:RAF Selsey
561:RAF Bognor
483:Background
267:April 1944
113:50°59′20″N
1877:personnel
1839:equipment
1712:Squadrons
1630:Squadrons
1601:and units
1445:25 August
1423:25 August
1401:26 August
1379:26 August
1359:25 August
1339:26 August
1305:"Coolham"
1128:Citations
863:aerodrome
822:flown by
796:flown by
426:East-west
417:Direction
396:Elevation
333:Occupants
116:0°24′05″W
2052:timeline
1976:Roundels
1700:Regiment
1674:stations
1615:Commands
1297:Websites
707:mitigate
668:, and a
654:tractors
540:Thakeham
317:Garrison
192:Operator
146:TQ123223
2067:commons
2047:history
1981:Uniform
1851:current
1717:Flights
1635:Flights
1417:Blogger
763:traffic
754:asphalt
694:Runways
623:topsoil
593:Horsham
545:Horsham
533:England
525:Coolham
473:Coolham
411:Runways
321:2 Wings
277: (
269: (
244: (
236: (
47:Coolham
38:Coolham
2057:future
1966:Ensign
1856:future
1686:Former
1681:Active
1620:Groups
1540:
1517:
1494:
1475:
1397:. 1989
1335:. 2024
1317:31 May
591:, and
575:, and
549:Sussex
1971:Badge
1707:Wings
1625:Wings
1608:units
1086:Notes
906:†††††
835:]
646:plant
615:telex
231:Built
182:Owner
45:Near
1538:ISBN
1515:ISBN
1492:ISBN
1473:ISBN
1447:2024
1425:2024
1403:2024
1381:2024
1361:2024
1341:2024
1319:2020
924:††††
915:††††
800:and
664:, a
617:and
401:AMSL
381:See
279:1944
271:1944
246:1944
238:1943
169:Area
161:Code
151:Type
938:——
895:——
837:of
807:of
733:mat
727:or
625:of
323:of
221:Yes
2084::
1532:.
1509:.
1467:.
1436:.
1414:.
1391:.
1372:.
1352:.
1329:.
1307:.
1227:^
1212:^
1195:^
1168:^
1135:^
1094:^
972:—
887:—
872:,
847:c.
833:pl
777:,
739:.
660:,
656:,
652:,
636:,
587:,
583:,
571:,
567:,
563:,
559:,
531:,
527:,
475:,
375:—
370:—
365:—
353:—
348:—
343:—
304:—
299:—
294:—
208:,
164:XQ
40:,
1575:e
1568:t
1561:v
1546:.
1523:.
1500:.
1481:.
1449:.
1427:.
1405:.
1383:.
1363:.
1343:.
1321:.
1261:.
1249:.
1237:.
1222:.
1190:.
933:†
363::
341::
281:)
273:)
248:)
240:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
