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590:, accepted the offer. He imposed strict military discipline and reorganized the revolutionary army, which reached 30,000 men. The Acrean army won battle after battle and on 27 January 1903, José Plácido de Castro proclaimed the Third Republic of Acre. Brazilian president
560:. The first republic lasted until March 1900, when the Brazilian government sent troops to arrest Gálvez and restore Acre to Bolivia. Gálvez was deported to Spain and the inhabitants of Acre found themselves up against both Bolivia and Brazil.
586:, was approached by the separatist Acre leaders and offered the opportunity to lead the independence movement against Bolivia. Castro, who had been working in Acre since 1899 as a chief surveyor of an expedition and was about to go back to
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state government and aimed to incorporate Acre into Brazil after its independence from
Bolivia. Gálvez declared himself president of the First Republic of Acre on 14 July 1899, and set up his capital at Puerto Alonso, which he renamed
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In
November 1900 an attempt was made at creating a Second Republic of Acre with Rodrigo de Carvalho as president. Again the movement was suppressed, and Acre remained part of Bolivia until 1903.
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For forty years, after around 1860, Acre had been settled by
Brazilians, who made up the vast majority of the population. The territory of Acre was assigned to Bolivia in 1867 by the
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of the late 19th century attracted many
Brazilian migrants to the region. In 1899–1900, the Spanish journalist and former diplomat
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led an expedition that sought to seize control of what is now Acre from
Bolivia. The expedition was secretly financed by the
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ordered
Brazilian troops into Northern Acre in order to replace Castro as the president of Acre. Through the
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that would allow
Bolivia access to the outside world. On 25 February 1904, Acre was officially made a
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was signed on 11 November 1903, with
Bolivia agreeing to cede Acre to Brazil in exchange for lands in
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After the failure of the second attempt of Acre to secede from
Bolivia, a veteran soldier from
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680:"Acre Seeks Recognition: New South American Republic Sends a Minister to This Country,"
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598:'s most able ministerial diplomacy, the issue was settled. After negotiations, the
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694:"A Short-Lived Republic: Acre, the Land of Rubber, No Longer a Separate Country,"
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606:, payment of two million pounds sterling and Brazil's commitment to build the
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519:'s Acre region between 1899 and 1903. The region was eventually annexed by
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701:"Acre Belongs to Brazil: A Settlement of the 'Rubber Republic' Dispute,"
673:"New Republic Founded: The Evolution of a South American No Man's Land,"
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687:"Acre and Its Rubber: Cause of the Establishment of the New Republic,"
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Latin
America's Wars: The Age of the Caudillo, 1791–1899
635:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. p. 205.
515:) was a secessionist republic that emerged in then
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16:1899-1903 separatist republic in South America
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783:States and territories established in 1899
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69:Learn how and when to remove this message
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32:This article includes a list of general
793:1903 disestablishments in South America
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193:Location of Acre in present-day Brazil
788:1899 establishments in South America
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353:• Second Republic suppressed
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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773:Former countries in South America
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633:The Amazon Rubber Boom, 1850–1920
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343:• Second Republic declared
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363:• Third Republic declared
323:• First Republic declared
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549:Luis Gálvez RodrĂguez de Arias
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513:Estado Independiente del Acre
716:Evolution of the Acrean Flag
373:• Treaty of Petrópolis
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659:. Brassey's. pp. 7–9.
655:Scheina, Robert L. (2003).
631:Weinstein, Barbara (1983).
612:federal territory of Brazil
509:Estado Independente do Acre
333:• Restored to Bolivia
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675:The Philadelphia Inquirer
505:Independent State of Acre
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768:History of Acre (state)
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584:José Plácido de Castro
578:who had fought in the
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570:José Plácido de Castro
523:in 1903 following the
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262:Presidential republic
219:Common languages
703:The Kansas City Star
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600:Treaty of PetrĂłpolis
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705:, Aug 12, 1903, p 4
698:, Nov 30, 1900, p 1
684:, Nov 24, 1900, p 1
677:, Nov 12, 1899, p 7
596:Baron of Rio Branco
153:Coat of Arms (1903)
696:The New York Times
689:The New York Times
682:The New York Times
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541:Treaty of Ayacucho
501:RepĂşblica del Acre
203:Unrecognized state
166:Patria e Liberdade
96:RepĂşblica del Acre
576:Rio Grande do Sul
543:with Brazil. The
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300:Plácido de Castro
283:• 1899–1900
252:Roman Catholicism
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327:14 July 1899
295:• 1903
235:(for native
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162:Motto:
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742: /
604:Mato Grosso
545:rubber boom
511:, Spanish:
401:Preceded by
108:1903 – 1903
106:1900 – 1900
104:1899 – 1900
51:introducing
757:Categories
618:References
489:Portuguese
258:Government
223:Portuguese
134:; bottom:
34:references
582:of 1893,
503:) or the
269:President
248:Religion
241:Bolivians
237:Peruvians
132:1899-1900
803:Acre War
553:Amazonas
525:Acre War
386:Currency
730:67°48′W
535:History
517:Bolivia
497:Spanish
424:Bolivia
310:History
233:Spanish
209:Capital
47:improve
727:9°58′S
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521:Brazil
476:Brazil
451:Brazil
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199:Status
36:, but
174:Seal:
130:Top:
661:ISBN
637:ISBN
483:The
437:Peru
390:RĂ©is
239:and
140:Flag
136:1903
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
