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with the value of construction completed (revenue) of Rp 5,483 billion. Number of
National Labor Force Survey Results show that the number of residents working in the construction sector has fluctuated from time to time. As many as 43,232 people were recorded in February 2009, then decreased in February 2010 to 29,932 people, again increased in August 2010 to 50,833 people, then decreased in February 2011 to 58,211 and again increased in August 2011 to 59,755 people. Because the Riau Islands is a new developing province and almost half of the existing human resources come from outside the Riau Islands, this has caused housing needs in the Riau Islands to be out of proportion to their availability. This condition also seems to have caused housing costs to rise in the Riau Islands relatively faster than in other regions. The results of the National Socio-Economic Survey show that on average the expenditure per capita of the population for rental costs/housing contracts is the highest type of expenditure for non-food commodities, and the figure tends to increase every year. This fact is in line with the increasing frequency of commodity rental prices in the Riau Islands.
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3435:) (APJII). Nonetheless, there are still many regions in the Riau Islands that has limited or no internet access, especially around the outlying regions of Anambas and Natuna Islands. Efforts have been taken by the government to improve internet access in the region, such as the construction of the Palapa ring, which is a massive, nationwide internet network using fiber-optic wires that will provide high-speed internet connection throughout the nation. The project aimed to make all the capital cities of regencies and municipalities in Indonesia connected with broadband or high-speed internet infrastructure. The idea was preceded by the difficulties of the outermost, rural, and disadvantaged regions in Indonesia in obtaining adequate telecommunications access. The project work process began in 2017. Currently Palapa Ring construction has been completed and has also been inaugurated. A number of Indonesian telecommunications operators have begun cooperating with the
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1321:(Jakarta). A Dutch fleet attacked Riau in 1784 but failed to hold the islands. Another attempt later the same year also failed before they managed to break the Bugis blockade of Malacca in June 1784. The Bugis commander, Raja Haji was killed during battle and the Bugis units retreated, which opened the way for a Dutch counterattack on Riau. The Bugis was expelled from Bintan and Riau, and a treaty between the Dutch and the Malay sultans granted Dutch control over the area. The treaty caused much anger among Malay rulers, and again in 1787 a force that was offered refuge by Sultan Mahmud drove out the Dutch. This also led to the return of the Bugis and the rivalry between the Bugis and Malay. Peace between the two parties was finally reached in 1803. Around this time Sultan Mahmud gave
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building new infrastructure as well as improving existing infrastructure in the province. Meanwhile, in 2019, the Riau islands provincial government has also allocated a budget of around Rp. 15,5 trillion (US$ 1 billion) that is allocated from the province's
Regional Revenue and Expenditures Budget. This is an increase from 2018's annual budget, which is around Rp. 13,9 trillion (US$ 980 million). The government continues to work towards accelerating maritime development (both economy and tourism) in Indonesia's foremost and outermost regions, one of which is in the Riau Islands province to support economic development, tourism, and marine resources in the Riau Islands.
1854:. The group strongly advocated the restoration of the Riau-Lingga Sultanate after the status of Indonesia became official. The leader of the council, Raja Abdullah, claimed that Riau Malays were neglected at the expense of the non-Riau Indonesians who dominated the upper ranks of the Riau civil administration. By restoring the monarch, they believed the position of Riau Malays would be guarded. The royalist association met with resistance from the republican group led by Dr. Iljas Datuk Batuah that sent delegates to Singapore to counter the propaganda of sultanate supporters. Based on Indonesian archival records, Dr. Iljas gained approvals from non-Malay newcomers to Riau, including
5649:. In traditional Malay society, a house is an intact building that can be used as a family residence, meeting place and shelter for anyone in need. Therefore, traditional Malay houses are generally large, usually with six poles, six porch poles and twelve poles or porch houses. Of the several forms of the house, all are almost identical, both stairs, doors, walls and room layout are identical. In addition to being large, the Malay house is also always in the form of a stage or a house with a hole, facing towards the sunrise. In general, the types of Malay houses include dwellings, halls, houses of worship and storage houses. The naming is adjusted to the function of each building.
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productivity is due to the harvested area for maize also has decreased, besides it is also the effect of pests that cause disruption of corn pests. Plantation and horticultural crops are types of plants that are quite potential to be cultivated in Riau
Islands. This is based on the high price of agricultural products produced by these two types of businesses. As shown by the NTP (Farmer Exchange Rate) data, only estate and horticultural farmers have almost certainly an index value above 100. This condition is of course caused by the still higher price of goods produced by farmers compared to the price of goods needed, both for consumption and the cost of production. Production of
2983:’s water level will be small, although in southern part of the Strait the sea water level is still higher. During this season, the water current in Malacca Strait flows to the north, with speed is little bit lower. Current velocity reaches to maximum in around July to August, with speed about 5 cm/sec. Oceanographic pattern is likely to affect the water quality and reef corals in the study sites. Strong wind during the wet monsoon period, for example, could cause water turbulence which affecting on high sediment, especially in coastal areas, and this might be worse with the high sediment run off from surrounding rivers and/or reclamation areas, such as happened in
1503:, a withdrawal of British recognition of Johor-Riau sovereignty. To further curtail the British domination over the region, the Dutch entered into an agreement with the Johor-Riau Sultanate on 27 November 1818. The agreement stipulated that the Dutch were to be the paramount leaders of the Johor-Riau Sultanate and that only Dutch people could engage in trade with the kingdom. A Dutch garrison was then stationed in Riau. The Dutch also secured an agreement that Dutch consent was required for all future appointments of Johor-Riau Sultans. This agreement was signed by Yang Dipertuan Muda Raja Jaafar representing Abdul Rahman, without the sultan's consent or knowledge.
4319:, is one of the city that has the largest percentage of ethnic Chinese population among other cities in Indonesia, amounting to 13.5% of the total population. Until now some of Tanjung Pinang's economy is driven by the ethnic Chinese community. They not only controlled the small or medium-scale economy, but also developed into large-scale businesses such as shipbuilding, housing, restaurants and hospitality. In addition to moving in the economy, there are some who become politicians, people's representatives, political figures and even civil servants. Most of the Chinese in Tanjung Pinang, as well as the Riau Islands in a whole trace their ancestors from
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3496:. As of 2014, there are 4,954 km (3078 mi) of connected roadways in the Riau Islands, with 334 km (208 mi) being national highways, 512 km (318 mi) being provincial highways and the rest being city/regency highways. Most of the main roads in the Riau Islands has been paved, but there are still road sections that remain unpaved, especially in the outlying regions. Despite this, efforts has been taken by the government to improve road infrastructure in the regions, such as building more roads and improve existing roads, as well as building new bridges to connect river and islands in the province.
3183:, which is one of the busiest shipping lane in the world, is also a major factor in the need to increase competitiveness. The geographical location can be a leverage in attracting foreign and domestic investors. However, the strategic geographical location will not provide benefits if the Riau Islands do not have competitiveness. This is because skilled workers and investors are more interested in areas that have competitiveness than regions that are not competitive. Therefore, increasing competitiveness is a necessity to attract investors, both foreign and domestic, to invest in the economic development of the Riau Islands.
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6049:. Laksa or Lakse in local dialect is a kind of noodle food mixed with typical Chinese and Malay spice blend. Lakse has a round white and slightly thick noodle shape. The name of lakse is taken from Sanskrit which has a lot meaning. It shows that lute noodle is made with various spices. Lakse in the Riau Islands presented in several kinds, one of which is a typical Anambas lakse which is included in the category of lakse curry with a fatty and spicy sauce and rich in spices. One of the most typical mackerel soups of Batam, popularly known as the Batam Fish Soup (
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with velocity ranges 7–20 knot (≈ 13–37 km/hour). The strongest wind usually occurs in around
December–February, with velocity is about 45 km/hour. During this season the sea wave may very high, sometime > 2 m especially during December–February. While the east monsoon (dry season), it usually occur in period of May to October, with wind velocity is relatively calm, that is about 7- 15 knot (≈ 13–28 km/hour). The sea wave was not very high reaching only around 0.8 m. The sea water current in Riau islands follows the current pattern in
5185:. The existence of harmony is not caused by external coercion in the form of harsh sanctions, but it does arise from a conscience that is influenced by the norms that live in the community. Starting from the movements, attitudes and traits are influenced by these factors. Avoiding things that can cause disgrace and shame is a motivating factor for continuing to act and be kind to others and such feelings are stronger than feelings of sin. All actions must be maintained so as not to cause "discordant eyes", "discordant ears", "discordant manners".
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2917:. The implementation of the SEZ policy in Batam-Bintan-Karimun, is a close cooperation between the central government and local government, and the participation of the business world. This KEK/SER will be the nodes of the leading economic activity centers, supported by excellent service facilities and internationally competitive infrastructure capacity. Every business actor located within it will receive services and facilities of the highest quality that can compete with best practices from similar areas in Asia-Pacific.
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1226:, resulted in a Portuguese victory. The forces of Johor were unable to prevent the heavy Portuguese infantry from landing and storming the city after a naval bombardment, its Sultan was forced to retreat into the jungle in a rout. The Portuguese captured ample spoils, which included over 1000 cannon, the great majority of them of small caliber, 1500 firearms, and burned upwards to 2000 craft of many sizes. Following the attack, Dom Pedro de Lima (brother of Dom Paulo de Lima) also sacked Bintan, then a vassal of Johor.
3923:), the Riau Islands province had a population of 2,064,564 people, spread throughout five regencies and two cities, and consisting of 1,053,296 males and 1,011,268 females. This makes the Riau Islands the 26th most populated province in Indonesia. The population in the province was predicted to increase to 2,768,000 by 2030, although this figure has since been revised downwards. The official estimate was 2,162,140 in mid 2023, giving a population density in the Riau Islands of 261.458 people per km. The city of
1823:) (PMRS) emerged to call for the restoration of the Riau-Lingga Sultanate. The council was financially backed by rich Riau Malay émigrés and Chinese merchants who hoped to obtain tin concession. Initially founded in High Street, Singapore, the association moved to Tanjung Pinang, Riau with the unprecedented approval by the Dutch administrators. Based in Tanjung Pinang, the group managed to gain the consent of the Dutch for self-governance in the region with the foundation of the Riouw Council (
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3829:) in Tanjung Pinang, which is the largest state-owned hospital in the province. Other prominent hospital in the province is the Santa Elisabeth Hospital in Batam and the Embung Fatimah Regional General Hospital which is also located in Batam. Due to lack of adequate health facilities in the province, many people usually travel to neighboring countries such as Malaysia and Singapore to get medical treatment as these countries has better medical infrastructure compared to the Riau Islands.
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3206:, machinery and electrical equipment remain the mainstay trade of the Riau Islands. This type of commodity has not changed significantly compared to previous years. This needs to be considered given the expansion of the market must also be accompanied by an expansion of commodities both in quality and type. Export-oriented electronics manufacturing in Batam, for example, made up half of Indonesian electronics exports in 1991 with foreign companies alone employing 45,000 workers in 2020.
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1258:(Kota Batu). Therefore, Malacca and Aceh became direct competitors. With the Portuguese and Johor frequently in conflict, Aceh launched multiple raids against both sides to tighten its grip over the straits. The rise and expansion of Aceh encouraged the Portuguese and Johor to sign a truce and divert their attention to Aceh. The truce, however, was short-lived and with Aceh severely weakened, Johor and the Portuguese had each other in their sights again. During the rule of Sultan
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West Palapa Ring backbone, in collaboration with the
Telecommunications and Information Accessibility Agency (BAKTI) in using the West Palapa Ring network. While in 2018, Telkomsel strengthens 4G services in Natuna Regency and Anambas Islands Regency by building two new 4G base transceiver stations. With the deployment of 4G network infrastructure in the country's border areas, Telkomsel now operates 89 BTS tower in Natuna and Anambas, including eight 4G BTS tower.
1511:, claiming that he wanted to celebrate his marriage. The Dutch, who desired to control the Johor-Riau Empire, feared losing momentum because of the absence of mere regalia. They therefore ordered Timmerman Tyssen, the Dutch Governor of Malacca, to seize Penyengat in October 1822 and remove the royal regalia from Tengku Hamidah by force. The regalia was then stored in the crown prince's fort in Tanjung Pinang. Engku Puteri was reported to have written a letter to
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visit of the Dutch
Resident's visit to Penyengat, the sultan then, on his own authority and without Dutch approval, summoned the rulers of Reteh, Gaung and Mandah, making the Resident feel as if he was being intimidated by the sultanate. The affiliates of the Roesidijah Klub, mainly the members of the administrative class, were thus able to slowly maneuver Abdul Rahman, once a supporter of Dutch rule, to act against the colonial power's wishes.
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3814:, as of 2016, there are around 28 hospitals in the Riau Islands which consists of 13 state-owned hospitals and 15 private hospitals. According to the Riau Islands provincial government, there are 87 clinics in Riau Islands as of 2018, of which 70 of them are already accredited, while the remaining 17 clinics are not yet accredited. The number of hospitals and clinics in the Riau Islands are still far below the ideal level, according to the
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to the north. Consequent of this, during these months, Andaman Sea's water masses will be empty, and sea water level will be low or the different from South China Sea's sea water level will be higher. This sea water level reaches to maximum in
February to March, while the different of sea water level between Northern and southern parts of Strait is about 50 cm, which resulted current velocity is about 12 cm/sec to Northwest.
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1704:) to lay siege to the royal court. This was followed by the arrival of Dutch official K.M Voematra from Tanjung Pinang at the Roesidijah Club headquarters to announce the deposition of Abdul Rahman II. The Dutch then seized the official coronation regalia, and to prevent their seizure by the Dutch, many official buildings were deliberately razed by members of the court themselves. A mass exodus of civilians and officials to
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the north and between June and
December the monsoon winds comes from the south. During the northern monsoon the wind velocity at sea could range from 20 to 30 knots, on land the wind can range from 3–15 knots. This causes potentially extreme weather in the Riau Islands with rainfall of about 150–200 millimeters and wave height between 1.2 meters up to 3 meters. As in most other province of Indonesia, the Riau Islands has a
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in which links with the Dutch would be maintained while a restored sultanate would play a secondary role. The council, created following the decree of the
Governor General of the East Indies on 12 July 1947, was inaugurated on 4 August 1947, and represented a major step forward in the revival of the monarchy system. Several key members of the PMRS were elected to the Riau Council alongside their BKRI rivals, the
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making a home is harmony with the owner. To determine whether or not a house is compatible, the owner calculates the size of the house by cubits, from one to five. The veins are: snake swimming, pursuing ripples, ripples climbing beetles shelter, debt out of debt changed debt, and five debt has not been affected. The best measure is if it is right on the count of ripples to climb the shade beetle.
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last five years (2001–2005) tends to increase. In 2001 the GRDP per capita (above the prevailing price – without oil and gas) was Rp. 22,808 million, and in 2005 it increased to Rp.29,348 million. But in real terms (without calculating inflation) the Per capita GRDP (without gas) in 2001 was only Rp.20,397 million, and in 2005 it increased to Rp. 22,418 million.
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2940:) bordering on a tropical monsoon climate. The climate is very much dictated by the surrounding sea and the prevailing wind system. It has high average temperature and high average rainfall. According to Köppen and Geiger, this climate is classified as Af. In the Riau Islands, the average annual temperature is 25.2 °C. Precipitation here averages 2607 mm.
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islands, have been reduced to about a third of the population, primarily as a result of immigration from elsewhere in
Indonesia, they feel that their traditional rights are threatened. Similarly, the immigrants have felt politically and financially suppressed. Both of these causes have led to increased violence. Piracy in the archipelago is also an issue.
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2116:) who is elected directly by the people. The Governor also acts as a representative or extension of the central government in the province, whose authority is regulated in Law No. 32 of 2004 and Government Regulation number 19 of 2010. The legislative branch of the Riau Island government is the Riau Islands Regional People's Representatives Assembly (
4238:(migration) culture, many Minangkabau people has migrated away from their homeland. The history of the Minangkabau migration in West Sumatra to the Riau mainland and the Riau Islands has been recorded to have lasted a very long time. When the means of transportation were still using the river, many Minang people migrated to various cities such as
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production in 2011, it experienced a very small increase as well as productivity. Rice productivity in 2010 was 3.15 tons per hectare, cassava was 10.82 tons per hectare and sweet potatoes was 7.72 tons per hectare. The increase in productivity of rice and cassava was only 0.01 tons per hectare and sweet potatoes was 0.03 tons per hectare.
5827:, owing to its similar culture. There are also some dishes that is influenced by other parts of Indonesia, such as Java. Due to its cultural diversity, the people of the Riau Islands has developed a unique dishes that cannot be found in other parts of Indonesia. The Riau Islands cuisine is strongly influenced by the culture of the Malay,
6057:). This Batam Fish soup is served with a slice of mackerel fish that had previously been separated from its bones. This piece of fish is smeared with egg whites to remove the fishy smell, then cooked with spices and mixed with starfruit and green tomatoes. Pieces of white or green mustard greens are also incorporated into this soup.
1515:, the Dutch Governor in Batavia, about this issue. With the royal regalia in Dutch hands, Abdul Rahman was invited from Terengganu and proclaimed as the Sultan of Johor, Riau-Lingga and Pahang on 27 November 1822. Hence, the legitimate ruler of the Johor-Riau Empire was now Abdul Rahman, rather than the British-backed Hussein.
3418:, which as a capacity of 11,8 million m of water. Construction of the dam has finished in 2018 and is predicted to begin operation in 2019. Another dam that is also under construction is the Sei Busung Dam in Bintan. It is slated to begin operation 2021 and would have a water capacity of 100 million m .
2826:, which lies within the central core group of islands (the Riau Archipelago), contains a majority of the province's population. Since becoming part of an economic zone with Singapore in 2006, it has experienced high population growth rates. Other highly populated islands in the Riau Archipelago include
1807:(Riau Sultanate Movement) emerged in Singapore, planning for a restoration. Some of the groups dated from as early as the dissolution of the sultanate, but started to gain momentum following the post-world war chaos. From the ashes of political uncertainty and fragility in the East Indies following the
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around the region to increase network coverage around the region. XL Axiata has been present in Anambas and Natuna since 2008 with 2G services that use satellite connections and then upgraded to 3G services. In March 2019, XL Axiata inaugurated the 4G data network in the Anambas Islands, by using the
3209:
The second largest sector is the Construction industry, forming around 18% of the total GDP sector. The development of the number of construction businesses in the Riau Islands fluctuated considerably during the period 2008–2010. In 2010 the number of construction companies in the province was 1,570,
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industries. The manufacturing sector contributes more than 35% and the processing industry accounts for 15.26% of the economy in Riau Islands with oil and gas commodities. In addition to the mining sector, community economic activities are dominant in the agriculture, plantation and forestry sectors.
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is also higher than in Andaman Sea throughout the year resulted in Malacca Strait there is a current, which flow to Northwest direction throughout the year. In November to April, during the Northeast monsoon, Andaman Sea's current goes to the north. Therefore, majority of water masses are transported
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was given by the Malays because the shape of the roof was split. The size of the house built is determined by the ability of its owner, the richer a person is, the bigger the house and the more variety of decoration. However, wealth is not an absolute determinant. The most important consideration in
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fitted with buttons, but are almost similar to t-shirts. Shirt brackets are also not collared, each end is crochet. Some parts are often decorated with gold embroidery. At first, the clothes of the brackets were usually worn for the great ceremony of Malay by women in the kingdom, used together with
5256:
The Riau region has long been an area of trade traffic in neighboring countries, so Riau has given birth to diverse cultural figures and colors. This is a burden, as well as a historical-geographical blessing. Riau seems to be a field of association of various artistic potentials, in which there are
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printing presses, namely Mathba‘at al Ahmadiyah and Mathba‘at al Riauwiyah. The Rusydiah Klub is the first association of scholars in Indonesia. This association is not mentioned in national history, because of the lack of careful collection of historical material, or maybe because there is no input
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From 2016 until 2020, the central government has outlined more development plan for the province. In 2017, the Indonesian Ministry of Public Works and People's Housing has allocated around Rp. 500 million (US$ 36 million) for the development of infrastructure in the Riau Islands, which includes
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including the island of Singapore and Johor were to be under British influence, while the south of the strait along with Riau and Lingga were to be controlled by the Dutch. By installing two sultans from the same kingdom, both the British and the Dutch effectively destroyed the Johor-Riau Sultanate.
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has several dialects namely the Kundur dialect and the Bintan-Karimun dialect. In general, it uses the Johor-Riau dialect. The main characteristic of this dialect is the suffix "A" which sounds as "E". The word /saya/ and /apa/ ("I" and "What" respectively) will be pronounced as /saye/ and /ape/ in
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is one of the main problem faced by the people of the Riau Islands. The province has often faced a shortage in clean water, mostly due to drought during the dry seasons. In response, the Indonesian government is currently constructing several dams across the province to anticipate water shortage in
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A small but significant sector in the province is the agriculture sector, forming around 3.5% of the total GDP sector. Despite having limited agricultural land, and production of food crops (mainly rice), the Riau Islands have not been able to meet the needs food for its population. This problem is
2928:
As an archipelago, the climatic conditions in the province are affected by wind. Most of the province has wet tropical climate, there is rainy season and dry season interspersed with transition season with the lowest average temperature 20.4 °C. In November to February monsoon winds comes from
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infiltrated Singapore from military bases in the Riau Islands, around Batam, Tanjung Balai Asahan and the surrounding area. They usually used small boats with outboard motors and disguise themselves as local residents who usually have relatives on the Malay Peninsula and Singapore. The coastline of
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celebration on 17 August 1947 in Singapore. This led republicans to call the royalists 'pro-Dutch'. The royalists however, maintained that Riau was a Dutch territory and that only the Dutch could support it. The Dutch countered the claims of the BKRI by granting autonomous rule to the Riau Council,
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in 1511, the Riau islands became the centre of political power of the mighty Sultanate of Johor or Johor-Riau, based on Bintan Island, and were for long considered the centre of Malay culture. Riau was a centre of Islamic studies and teaching. Many orthodox scholars from the Indian Subcontinent and
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has five main parts, namely terrace, front room, center, back (bed), and kitchen. The front of the house is used to display historical photographs of this traditional house, the living room contains a typical Malay bridal diorama, and the back is a room that contains a mosquito net that integrates
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Riau Malay traditional house buildings are generally given a variety of decorations, starting from the door, window, ventilation to the top of the roof of the building, the decoration is adjusted to the meaning of each carving. Additionally, these houses are also given a pattern. The pattern of a
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The local Malay people of the Riau region since ancient times and even until the present-day is considered as a society that is accommodating, friendly, and welcome to immigrants who come to bring new cultures and religions, both from within and outside the country. The example are immigrants from
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As of 2019, there are 1,621 schools in the Riau Islands, which consists of 1,051 government-owned schools and 570 private schools. There are several international schools in the Riau Islands, which are mostly located in Batam and the surrounding area, due to its significant expatriate populations,
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companies. Since 2008, the number of bauxite mining companies has always been the highest compared to other mining companies, although the number has always dropped from 2008 to 2010. In 2009 the number of bauxite companies fell by 37 companies to 32 in 2010. This decline also had an impact on the
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Oceanographic conditions, mainly wave and sea water current, in the study sites were influenced by wet monsoon period, i.e. from November to April. During the wet monsoon (wet season) the wind is characterized very strong, which blows from North-west to South-east or from South-west to North-east,
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The end of the Indonesia-Singapore trade during the confrontation had made the disnurmud the economic conditions of the Riau Islands and Singapore. The inhabitants of Riau Islands could no longer barter or sell their produce to Singapore so they couldn't get basic necessities such as rice. Usually
1946:
The leader of Riau forces, Major Raja Muhammad Yunus, who led the bid to reestablish the sultanate apart from Indonesia fled into exile in Johor after his ill attempt. The Geopolitical roots of the Riau Archipelago had molded her nationalist position to be sandwiched between the kindred monarchist
1680:
The Dutch insisted that the sultan sign the agreement, but after consulting the fellow rulers of the state, Engku Kelana, Raja Ali, Raja Hitam and other members of the ruling elite, he refused, and decided to form a military regiment under the leadership of the prince regent, Tengku Umar. During a
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brotherhood, the Riau Malay intelligentsia established the Roesidijah (Club) Riouw in 1895. The association was born as a literary circle to develop the religious, cultural and intellectual needs of the sultanate, but as it matured, it changed into a more critical organisation and began to address
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house is largely derived from nature, consisting of flora, fauna, and space objects. These things are designed in certain forms, either in their original form such as backdrops, forest flowers, or in abstracted or modified forms so that they no longer appear in their original form, but simply use
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archipelago. Based on the composition of the population of the Riau Islands which is full of diversity with different socio-cultural, linguistic and religious backgrounds, it is basically an asset for the Riau Archipelago itself. The religions embraced by the inhabitants of the province are very
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growth) in 2005 included the transportation and communication sector (8.51%), the manufacturing sector (7.41%), the financial sector, leasing, and corporate services (6.89%), the service sector (6.77%), and the trade, hotel and restaurant sector (6.69%). GRDP Per capita of the Riau Islands in the
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As most of the Riau Islands consists of islands, many beaches can be found in the province, such as Lagoi Beach, Impian Beach, Trikora Beach, Nongsa Beach, Sakerah Beach, Loola Beach, Padang Melang Beach, Nusantara Beach, Batu Leafy Beach, Indah Beach, Tanjung Siambang Beach, Tanjung Beach, Melur
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island receiving most of the industrial investments and dramatically developing into a regional industrial centre, it attracted hundreds of thousands of non-Malay Indonesian migrants, changing the demographic balance in the archipelago. As the Malay, who were once the dominant ethnic group in the
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With the initial aim of making Batam an Indonesian version of Singapore, according to Presidential Decree number 41 of 1973, Batam Island was designated as an industrial working area. This was supported by the Batam Island Industrial Area Development Authority, better known as the Batam Authority
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must be raised higher than the flag of Riau, and specifying that Dutch officials should be given supreme honor in the land. The agreement further stipulated that the Riau-Lingga Sultanate was a mere loan from the Dutch Government. The agreement was drawn up due to the fact that the appointment of
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Various forms and types of arts found in the Riau region, namely theater, dance, music, singing, and literature. Artists in urban areas generally feel alien to traditional arts. Therefore, an appreciative link is needed by introducing all types and forms of traditional arts in urban areas. Thus,
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for Islamic universities. Notable public universities in the province is the Raja Ali Haji Maritime University and the Sultan Abdurrahman Islamic College in Tanjung Pinang, and the Batam State Polytechnic in Batam. There are at least one international university in the Riau Islands, which is the
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Due to the fact that the Riau Islands is an archipelago province located in an archipelago country, water transport becomes the main type of transportation. Inter-island connections are often contacted by water transport. This type of water transport includes ferries, canoes, speedboats, freight
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and rice plants are ranked third. In 2011, rice productivity in the Riau Islands reached 3.16 tons per hectare, far below the productivity of cassava and sweet potatoes, which amounted to 10.83 tons per hectare and 7.75 tons per hectare, respectively. When viewed from the harvested area and rice
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dance creations that are identical with Malay culture and in terms of rhyming. Artists and culture are able to make traditional art, not stopping but full of dynamics that are always acceptable in every circumstance. This traditional dance is both educational and entertaining, and is used as an
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is often associated with women. The hallmark of the clothes brackets is the loose design on the holes in the arms, abdomen, and chest. When worn, the bottom of the clothes bracket is parallel to the groin, but for rare cases there are also those that extend to knee level. Shirt brackets are not
3382:
It started operating in 2012. The power plant supplies around 25% of the total electric needs in Batam and the surrounding region. As of 2017, there are still around 104 villages in the province that is not fully electrified yet. In response, PLN has allocated around Rp. 751 billion (US$
2006:, the Riau Islands area became the focus point during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation. During this period, the territorial waters of the Riau Islands began to be visited by many Indonesian military forces who were members of the Indonesian Operations Command Corps or better known as the
4892:
process is expected to have taken place since the contact took place so that a community was formed where the Arabs who settled in the village were married to local residents thus forming Muslim communities. Several Muslim organizations in Indonesia has branches in the Riau Islands, such as
3256:
and peanut crops are food crops in Riau Islands with low productivity during 2010–2011. Whereas for corn productivity in 2010 amounted to 2.13 tons per hectare decreased to 2.12 tons per hectare in 2011. While for peanuts the productivity remained, at 0.92 tons per hectare. Decrease in corn
3883:: formal and non-formal. Formal education is further divided into three levels: primary, secondary and tertiary education. Indonesians are required to attend 12 years of school, which consists of three years of primary school, three years of secondary school and three years of high school.
5194:
4435:
are the Bintan-Karimun dialect, the Malang Rapat-Kelong dialect which is used in Malang Rapat village and Kelong village and the Mantang Lama dialect in Mantang Lama Village in Kijang. The word pronunciation is similar to the Malay used in Tanjung Pinang and Karimun. The Malay used in the
5732:
has similarities with weapons from other Malay-populated region. The Riau Islands are inhabited by various races and ethnicity. However, the majority of indigenous people are Malay people. Therefore, the culture of the Riau region has a lot in common with other indigenous Malay regions.
1647:
had been. Hurgronje justified this with several arguments, among which were that since 1902 the members of the Roesidijah Klub would gather around the royal court and refuse to raise the Dutch flag on government vessels. The Dutch Colonial Resident in Riau, A.L. Van Hasselt advised the
1550:
The globalization of the 19th century opened new opportunities for the Riau-Lingga Sultanate. Proximity Singapore, 40 miles away, shaped the political climate of the kingdom, giving Riau Malays an opportunity to familiarize themselves with new ideas from the Middle East. The opening of
1716:, while Crown Prince Raja Ali Kelana, Khalid Hitam and the resistance movement in Bukit Bahjah followed a couple of days later. The deposed Abdul Rahman II was forced to live in exile in Singapore, where he died there in 1930 and was buried in Keramat Bukit Kasita, Kampung Bahru Road.
3571:
in the eastern part of the island and the Batu Ampar area in the northern part. The toll road will have a length of 19 km (12 mi) and will be constructed with various construction methods. About 5.2 kilometers of the toll road will elevated while the rest will be at grade.
1495:. The British were actively involved in the Johor-Riau administration between 1812 and 1818, and their intervention further strengthened their dominance in the Strait of Malacca. The British recognised Johor-Riau as a sovereign state and offered to pay Engku Puteri 50,000 Ringgits (
2893:
is hilly. The Lingga area is generally in the form of an area with a fairly high slope, where there are as many as 76.92 percent of the area which has a slope of more than 15%, while the plain area (slope less than 2%) only encompasses of 3.49 ha or 3.14 percent of the total area.
5543:
is a Malay traditional dance that can be found in both the Riau Islands and mainland. This dance is one of several types of Malay dance that still exists today. According to history, in the beginning this dance was a dance of entertainment in the palace after being brought from
2909:) and supported by an abundance of natural potential, Riau Islands could possibly become one of the economic growth centers for Indonesia in the future, especially now that in some areas of the Riau Islands (Batam, Bintan and Karimun), a pilot project for the development of a
2882:— which were attached to the new province, though not geographically part of the Riau Archipelago. The 2020 census count was 2,064,564, making it one of the fastest growing province in Indonesia; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 2,162,100, confirming continued growth.
2041:
the basic needs of the Riau Islands population were brought in more from Singapore instead of the rest of Indonesia. Even some of the some needs of Singapore residents were usually imported from the Riau Islands has been disrupted. Hostilities ceased in 1966 after the
6135:. Epok-epok is a pastry made from flour dough which is printed with a special mold, with a filling typical for epok-epok. In the past, epok-epok are usually made of spicy potatoes, but now many other ingredients have been added to epok-epok as variations of flavor.
5341:
influence. The flexibility of Malay culture is in line with the historical development and geographical location of Riau, making Riau very rich with a variety of artistic expressions. The development of Malay culture in Riau, in turn, can enrich national culture.
3238:
company is the second largest company in the Riau Islands after bauxite. Tin companies also have the same situation as bauxite companies that are experiencing a decline. The tin company which initially had 25 companies in 2009 decreased to 22 companies in 2010.
3312:
content the partnership was not able to start production. In 1995, the Indonesian government signed a contract with Exxon but in 2007, the contract was terminated. In 2008, the block was awarded to Pertamina. The new agreement was signed between Pertamina and
5596:
Dance is displayed in various events, including festivals. In the show, the dancers demonstrate their ability to take something (handkerchief, change, etc.). They do this by flexing (standing up, bending backwards). From this skill then this dance is called
2069:). In the 1980s, based on Government Regulation No. 34 of 1983, the Batam District was upgraded to the Batam Municipality. This body runs the government and community administration and supports the development carried out by the Batam Authority (BP Batam).
1457:
of Mahmud Shah was Engku Puteri Hamidah, whose only child had died an hour after birth. In the following chaos, Engku Puteri was expected to install Tengku Hussein as the next sultan, because he had been preferred by the late Mahmud Shah. Based on the royal
1922:
The call for revival of the sultanate continued throughout the period of autonomous rule under the Riau Council, although the influence of republicanism also continued to strengthen. The appeal of revival began to subside following the dissolution of the
1994:
in appearance, having a much higher value. Malayan money was withdrawn from 1 November 1963. The Riau rupiah was exchangeable as a foreign currency with the Indonesian rupiah. Since 1 July 1964, the Riau rupiah is no longer valid, being replaced by the
5257:
cultural influences in neighboring countries and other Indonesian cultures. Riau Malay art is very diverse, because small groups that exist in the community are also developing. The fact shows, the arts in Riau and the arts in Malay countries such as
1308:
was asked to assist the Regent of Johor, and managed to achieve control of Riau due to the internal struggle between the members of the Johor Sultanate. The Bugis made Bintan a major trading center. Riau and Bintan also attracted British, Chinese,
1117:
As many as three hundred ships were used to force Chinese ships returning from the Indian Ocean into pirate harbors and to attack those who resisted. Large quantities of Chinese ceramics have been recovered on Bintan, some date back to the early
2135:
The number of members of the assembly is at least thirty-five people and at most one hundred people with a term of office of five years and ends when the new assembly member takes an oath. Assembly membership was formalized by a decision of the
5798:. Historians and cultural experts argue that this weapon originated from ancient Japan which experienced acculturation with Malay culture. Regardless of this opinion, the sword of genius remains a Malay people's identity on the national scene.
1535:, backed by the British, was installed as the Sultan of Johor and ruled over Singapore and Peninsular Johor. He later ceded Singapore to the British in return for their support during the dispute. Both sultans of Johor and Riau acted mainly as
5592:. It originated back in the 12th century in Tanjungpisau. Originally, it was only performed at the Royal Palace of the Kingdom of Bentan in Bukit Batu, Bintan. As the kingdom collapsed, this dance became a folk entertainment show. At present,
5462:
shaped like songkok or peci. Typically, the skirt is only used for formal ceremonies or events such as feasts and custom ceremonies. However, these decorations are usually only worn on formal occasions such as death or marriage. Occasionally,
4500:, but its speakers (mostly elderly) are rapidly diminishing and replaced by the local Malay dialects on the islands (to a lesser extent, the usage of standard Indonesian was also the cause of the diminishment of native dialect speakers). The
5505:
is a traditional theatrical art of the Malay community which is still sustainable today. Although it is not often performed, every service is always welcomed by enthusiastic residents, especially those who love Malay culture and native art.
2643:
Bunguran Barat, Bunguran Batubi, Bunguran Selatan, Bunguran Tengah, Bunguran Utara, Bunguran Timur, Bunguran Timur Laut, Midai, Pulau Laut, Pulau Panjang, Pulau Seluan, Pulau Tiga, Pulau Tiga Barat, Serasan, Serasan Timur, Suak Midai, Subi
3016:
found that most of the coral reef ecosystems and mangrove forests in a number of locations in the waters around Batam are in a good condition. Nevertheless, there are some threats that might endanger the ecosystem in the province, such as
1656:
was not being raised during his visit to the royal palace. In his report to the governor he wrote; "it seems that he (Sultan Abdul Rahman II) acted as if he was a sovereign king and he raises his own flag". Based on several records in the
5510:
performances are usually performed by groups of dancers and musicians, who combine various religious elements, theatrical, dance, music, vocals and texts. The main characters are male and female, both are performed by female dancers. The
1985:
was the principal currency in the region. To affirm its fiscal stake in the region, a decree was passed on 15 October 1963 to replace the Malaya and British Borneo dollar (the circulating currency) with an Indonesian-issued currency, the
1472:) of Johor-Riau, and the installation of a new sultan was only valid if it took place with the regalia. The regalia was fundamental to the installation of the sultan; it was a symbol of power, legitimacy and the sovereignty of the state.
5789:
is a type of sword that became the most popular traditional weapon in the Riau area. This sword was often used by Malay warlords in the face of his enemies. The sword has a length of about 1 meter so it is often used for close combat.
3887:
such as Sekolah Global Indo-Asia, The Independent School Batam, Australian Intercultural School, Sekolah Djuwita Batam, etc. Most of the teachers that worked in these international schools are English-educated teachers from Singapore,
3770:(SCC). While in Tanjung Pinang, the Sri Bintan Pura Harbour is the largest harbour in Bintan. This port connects the city of Tanjung Pinang with ports to the north (Lobam port and Bulang Linggi port), with islands to the west, such as
3450:
penetration in the outlying regions of the Riau Islands such as Natuna and Anambas are increasing due to the improvement of telecommunication infrastructure compared to the previous years. Several Indonesian network providers such as
3426:
In 2018, the household internet broadband penetration in the Riau Islands is 70%, which is above the Indonesian national figure around 54.86%, according to the survey results from the Indonesian Internet Service Providers Association
2019:
for briefing before operation. These guerrillas aimed to sabotage and spread information to help Indonesia fight the British in Malaysia, disrupting the economy around the Riau Islands, especially Tanjung Balai Karimun. At that time,
2014:
became one of the staging point of Indonesian troops during the confrontation, with the construction of military bases around the city. Anti-Malaysian guerrillas were gathered at Tanjung Balai Karimun to be trained and then sent to
5748:, it only differs in the shape and motive of the holster. Not only domestically, Malaysia also has the same traditional weapons, both in name and form. This is inseparable from the background of Malay communities spread throughout
8783:
1719:
The Dutch officially annexed the sultanate to avoid future claims from the monarchy. Dutch direct rule over the Riau Archipelago began in 1913, and the province was administered as part of the Residency of Riau and Dependencies
3694:. Raden Sadjad Airport is currently being developed as a military airbase due to territory dispute between Indonesia and China on the waters off the coast of the Natuna Islands. Additional facilities, such as aircraft hangars,
6064:(肉骨茶) is another dish found in the Riau Islands, usually consumed by the Chinese people in the province. the dish can only be found in the region as well as neighboring Singapore and Malaysia. Bak kut teh means meat tea bone.
1506:
Just as the British, both the Dutch and Yang Dipertuan Muda then desperately tried to win the royal regalia from Engku Puteri. The reluctant Abdul Rahman, believing he was not the rightful heir, decided to move from Lingga to
3899:
1445:(governor). The other candidate was Tengku Hussein's half-brother, Tengku Abdul Rahman. To complicate matters, neither of the candidates was of full royal blood. The mother of Tengku Hussein, Cik Mariam, owed her origin to a
5677:
in general. Height of about 1.5 meters from the ground surface. The walls of the house are made of brown planks, while the roof is red zinc. The doors, windows and pillars on the front of the house are painted in white oil.
4073:
Riau Islands is a very diverse and multi-ethnic province. Owing to its proximity to Singapore, many people from other parts of Indonesia has migrated to the province. As of 2010, the ethnic groups in Riau Island consist of
3742:
company as well as private vessels. The main ports are located in Batam and Bintan. There largest cargo port is the Port of Batu Ampar in Batam. It serves cargo ships to and from Batam and has a capacity of 1000 container.
1910:
from Tanjung Pinang and Pulau Tujuh, local Malay leaders of Lingga and Dutch Officials in Tanjung Pinang. On 23 January 1948, the states of the Bangka Council, the Belitung Council, and the Riau Council merged to form the
6076:, comes from either the dish brown sauce which is similar to the color of a tea, or that it was originally served with tea to mollify the taste.. This gravy is a pork broth, with spices such as garlic and strong pepper.
4525:. Today, the Jawi script are primarily used for religious and cultural activities. Road signs and government buildings signs in the Riau Islands are also written in this script, usually written along the Latin script.
1149:, visited Riau in 1290. The Queen of Bintan met him, and he combined flotilla of 800 vessels sailed for Bintan where he later became a king. It is also said that it was he who gave name to Singapore. Upon landing on
5633:, the art of development also has characteristics that are reflected in the symbols of traditional houses that are full of meaning. At present, Malay traditional houses can still be found in several regions in the
996:
moved the Malay kingdom center from Johor to Ulu Riau in 1719. This name was used as one of the four main sultanates that formed the kingdoms of Riau, Lingga, Johor and Pahang. However, as the consequences of the
3003:
Riau Islands became one of the coral reef conservation sites in Indonesia. Examples of coral reef conservation sites in the Riau Islands are Karang Alangkalam and Karang Bali. The area's marine life has made the
1499:) for the royal regalia, which she refused. Seeing the diplomatic advantage gained in the region by the British, the Dutch responded by crowning Tengku Abdul Rahman as sultan instead. They also obtained, at the
4448:, is not only mutually unintelligible to the standard Indonesian language, but also mutually unintelligible to the Malay varieties spoken in Bintan and Karimun. The Anambas Malay dialect slightly resembles the
3199:
Riau Islands economic growth continued to decline in the period 2011–2014, then increased in 2014. During the period 2011–2014, the economic performance of the Riau Islands had an average growth rate of 6.31%.
2187:, Lingga. After becoming a Dutch protectorate, a Dutch resident was installed as an adviser to the sultan. For the hereditary position of the Sultan, the sultan was fully subjected under the influence of the
1587:
By the dawn of the 20th century, the association had become a political tool against colonial power, with Raja Muhammad Thahir and Raja Ali Kelana acting as its backbone. Diplomatic missions were sent to the
2088:
and to avoid Riau mainland Minangkabau domination, the Riau islanders demanded to secede. In 2002, after a short effort by the peoples of the archipelago, Riau Islands Province was created by an act of the
5237:, and others which later developed to the publication of books by members of the association. All activities are supported by royal facilities in the form of the Marah Ahmadi Khanah Polar library and two
4672:, and other forms of communication in the Riau Islands, are conducted in Indonesian. It is also used for inter-ethnic communication. Indonesian is spoken as the first language in major cities such as
1207:
and Bintan in 1521. There, he held out against Portuguese attacks, he even laid siege on Malacca in 1524, before a Portuguese counterattack forced him to flee to Sumatra where he died in 1528. Sultan
1110:, today people from a large region of Asia has settled on the Islands. The Riau archipelago is located between the China-India maritime trading route, and was early in the 14th century, together with
7397:
5081:. The Malay people that inhabits Riau Islands is also overwhelmingly adhered to Islam. In addition to Islam, the culture of the Riau Islands has also been influenced by the other religions, such as
1543:
7944:
Opportunities and challenges in the Riau Archipelago and the Riau Province : report on a conference organized by the Indonesian Programme of the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies
1348:
10620:
4109:. From the ancient times, the Riau Archipelago is considered the hub of Malay cultures. In the past, several Malay kingdoms and sultanates existed in the archipelago, the most notably being the
3564:, which is still under the planning stage. Construction is expected to start in 2020 and finish in 3 to 4 years time. The Batam-Bintan bridge will have a length of around 7 km (4 mi).
4315:
was Singapore in the 14th and 15th centuries. Presently, the Riau Island is one of the province in Indonesia that has the largest number of Chinese population. The capital of the Riau Islands,
8605:
7612:
6284:
5041:
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The total area of the Riau Islands is 8,269.71 km (3,192.95 sq mi) (3,192.95 sq miles), making it the 31st largest province in Indonesia, slightly smaller than the province of
4888:
and India did occur for the first time in the northern Sumatra region because of its strategic position to traders stopover at that time. This condition strengthens the indication that the
3329:. As of 2016, negotiations about the new principal of agreement have not finalized and consequently, a production sharing contract is not signed. The area around the gas field is currently
5918:. The Riau islands traditional nasi lemak is quite similar to Malaysian version; it comes as a platter of coconut rice wrapped in banana leaf, with cucumber slices, small dried anchovies (
3126:
and the rare udumbara plants that live on the Engku Puteri Plateau, Batam Center. The Riau Islands has 2 nature reserves, namely Pulau Burung Nature Reserve and Pulau Laut Nature Reserve.
10621:"The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, as amended by the First Amendment of 1999, the Second Amendment of 2000, the Third Amendment of 2001 and the Fourth Amendment of 2002"
10584:
In L. Suryadinata (Ed.), Admiral Zheng He & Southeast Asia (pp. 142–168). Singapore: International Zheng He Society; Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Call no.: RSING 951.026 ADM.
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in the local Riau Islands Malay, is a famous local snack that can be commonly found everywhere in the province. This pastry is made from flour and potatoes is very easy to find in the
1437:. Royal custom required that the succeeding sultan must be present at his predecessor's deathbed. However at the time Mahmud Shah III died, the eldest prince, Tengku Hussein, was in
9748:
3202:
In 2017, the manufacturing sector formed the largest GDP per share in the province, forming around 36.8% of the total GDP per share of the province. Based on the main commodities,
1317:
and Indian traders. The Dutch however started to look upon Riau and the Bugis as a dangerous rival to Dutch trade in the region, drawing away trade from their ports in Malacca and
866:
The population of the Riau Islands is heterogeneous and is highly diverse in ethnicity, culture, language and religion. The province is home to different ethnic groups such as the
3436:
2128:. Prior to this, the local executives had been elected by a vote of the assembly. The governor office and the province assembly are located in Basuki Rahmat Road at Pulau Dompak,
1708:
and Singapore then took place. To avoid violence and the death of civilians in Pulau Penyengat, the sultan and his officials decided not to fight the Dutch troops. The sultan and
2685:
Bakung Serumpun, Katang Bidare, Kepulauan Posek, Lingga, Lingga Utara, Lingga Timur, Singkep, Singkep Barat, Singkep Selatan, Singkep Pesisir, Senayang, Selayar, Temiang Pesisir
5217:. In essence, this association is a cultural institution that includes art, performance and literature. Its activities began with the commemoration of Islamic holidays, such as
5209:
In the late 1890s, the Rusydiah Club was founded, an association for scholars, writers, and cultural figures. This association was established in the Riau Islands, precisely on
5014:
4253:
is the fifth largest ethnic group in the province, forming 7.69% of the total population. Chinese traders have frequented the region since at least the 13th century, during the
1269:
in 1641 and the decline of Aceh due to the growing power of the Dutch, Johor started to re-established itself as a power along the Straits of Malacca during the reign of Sultan
3383:
5.3 million) to build new power plants in the province with a total capacity of 45.500 KW. The location of the power plants will be scattered at several points such as in
1546:
Ali Kelana, Crown Prince of Riau-Lingga, one of the founding fathers of the Roesidijah Club Riouw, the first modern organisation in the Netherlands East Indies. (taken in 1899)
3552:(resembling present-day Batam). Travelling from the first bridge to the last is about 50 km and takes about 50 minutes. Over time the bridge sites have grown more into a
7638:
4182:
3317:
in 2010. Correspondingly, the field was renamed East Natuna to be geographically more precise. In 2011, the principal of agreement was signed between Pertamina, ExxonMobil,
1242:(Sufi Brotherhood) which flourished in Riau. On the northern part of Sumatra around the same period, the Aceh Sultanate was beginning to gain substantial influence over the
2045:
attempted a coup d'état, resulting in the overthrow of the Sukarno regime which leads to a peace agreement between Indonesia and Malaysia that was signed on 28 May 1966 at
10359:
5127:
which means a third child with a dark/black characteristic. This culture can only be found in the Riau Malay community, both in the Riau Islands as well as mainland Riau.
10334:
3898:
There are around 40 universities in the Riau islands, both public and private universities. Public universities in the Riau Islands falls under the responsibility of the
3515:
services. The Tengku Fisabilillah Bridge which connects Batam and Tonton Island is currently the longest bridge in the Riau Islands. It stretches for 642 meters and is a
9672:
4311:
was in that vicinity. It is more probable, however, that the Song text referred to a different place from the Yuan texts. There is overwhelming evidence to suggest that
5181:, most of the local people knew each other, because the villagers had a strong sense of attachment to each other. Harmony is a characteristic of the community of these
5158:
takes care of all matters relating to religion, such as religious studies and lessons, marriage/ divorce/reconciliation, the distribution of inheritance, collection of
2754:
consists of all of the 5 regencies in the province, together with the cities of Batam and Tanjung Pinang, and elects 4 members to the People's Representative Council.
1782:. However, as the war approached Southeast Asia, the Dutch actively engaged in the defensive system alongside the British, and decided to shelve the restoration plan.
5242:
from those who know much about it. Rusydiah Club left behind a valuable heritage of creativity in the form of books of literature, religion, history and linguistics.
1619:
measures were adopted by the association. The main method of the movement was to hold symbolic boycotts. The Dutch then branded the movement as a passive resistance (
7216:
4907:
forms the second-largest religion group in the province, forming around 14.51% of the total population. The two largest Christian domination in the Riau Islands are
1600:, Syeikh Wan Ahmad Fatani. The Dutch Colonial Office in Tanjung Pinang labelled the organisation as a left-leaning party. The organisation also won support from the
9242:
1652:
that the Sultan was an opponent to the Dutch and immersed with a group of hardcore resistance. Later, on 1 January 1903, the Dutch Colonial Resident found that the
9918:
7122:
6426:
5535:
theater performing arts is played with dances, songs and jokes that are intertwined in a story line, the players are 20 people, women wearing glittering costumes.
3931:
is the least populated in the province, with just 49,090 people. Most of the population of Riau Island is concentrated on the island nearest to Singapore, such as
12456:
12002:
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rather than Riau Malay that formed the basis of the standard Indonesian language. The common Riau Islands Malay dialect, which is spoken in major cities such as
1808:
1580:(homeland) and one's duty towards their native soil. It was also viewed that the penetration of the west in the state was slowly tearing apart the fabric of the
633:
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1132:
Here there are little islands, from which armed black pirates with poised arrows emerged, possessing armed warships; they plunder people but do not enslave them
11848:
8714:"The evolution of the electronics industry on Batam Island (Riau Islands Province, Indonesia): an evolutionary trajectory contributing to regional resilience?"
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On 18 May 1905, the Dutch demanded a new agreement with the sultan, stipulating further limits on the powers of the Riau-Lingga Sultanate, requiring that the
1480:
of the sultanate) supported the reluctant Tengku Abdul Rahman, adhering to the rules of royal protocol, as he had been present at the late Sultan's deathbed.
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6322:
6202:
5446:
custom clothing is a plain color paired with shades of color, a sheath worn over the knee that acts as a scarf, a headband made of songket cloth called the
7401:
3363:
828:
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so that the internet network can be accessed smoothly. The Palapa Ring network was completed in late 2019 and was inaugurated by the Indonesian president
2405:) are listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2020 census and according to the official estimates for mid 2023, together with the 2021
12564:
12544:
6766:
Karen Peachey, Martin Perry, Carl Grundy-Warr, Clive H Schofield, University of Durham. International Boundaries Research Unit, illustrated, IBRU, 1997,
3567:
Presently, there is no toll road in the Riau Islands. However, the government has announced a plan to build a new toll road in Batam which would connect
831:, the Riau Islands has experienced rapid industrialisation since the 1970s. The Riau Islands is one of the country's most prosperous provinces, having a
10699:
3488:
As most of the Riau Islands consists of oceans and outlying islands, land transportation is only limited to the larger islands in the province, such as
10627:
2206:
After the Dutch fully annexed the sultanate, a Dutch resident was posted in Tanjung Pinang, heading the Residency of Riau and Dependencies. During the
1939:(recovered regions), and the Riau area became a province in August 1957 - composed of both the islands and parts of the mainland, formerly part of the
9424:
5416:
re specifically worn by women. It is typically worn at the time of traditional ceremonies and official events of the local community. The hallmark of
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9476:
9165:
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261:
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What is typical of the Malay people is the designation of a nickname for a specific person in a family. The first child in a Malay family is called
4171:). This subsystem economic model is the characteristic of their culture. Since the implementation of the policy of relocation of settlements by the
2783:. 96% of the total area of the province is encompassed of ocean and only 4% of it is encompassed of land. The province shares maritime borders with
2124:), which is considered as a unicameral legislative body. Both governors and the members of the assembly are elected by citizens every five years by
2076:
in 1989. But while bringing back some wealth to Riau, the Sijori Growth Triangle somewhat further broke the cultural unity within the islands. With
1222:
Bintan saw many rulers during the time, as the three countries grew and declined in power. Subsequently, the Portuguese attacked Johor in 1587. The
12070:
2975:
go to east and south, therefore water masses will be gathering in Andaman Sea. This resulted in that sea water level increases in northern part of
1576:
the fight against Dutch rule in the kingdom. The late 19th century was marked by growing awareness among the elite and rulers of the importance of
5391:, although there are also those who do not use them. Now the clothes of brackets are widely worn by ordinary people, used by children to read the
5029:
11814:
8817:
7965:
9372:
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7476:
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is a type of stabbing weapon measuring 27 to 29 cm and its width is around 3.5 to 4 cm. This weapon is not only used by the people of
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11799:
11740:
11676:
11303:
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sub-group. Islam has entered the region since at least the 12th century. Contact between the indigenous population and Muslim traders from the
4513:(locally known in Indonesia as "Arab-Melayu"), an Arabic-based writing. However, the use of Jawi is diminishing rapidly, being replaced by the
587:
8975:
7536:
7375:
6015:
5979:
3507:, and major cities in the province such as Batam and Tanjung Pinang provide public transportation services such as buses and taxis along with
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succeeded his father and set up a new capital in the south. The archipelago became the part of the "war triangle" between the Portuguese, the
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11231:
8567:"Population size, Red List status and conservation of the Natuna leaf monkey Presbytis natunae endemic to the island of Bunguran, Indonesia."
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is still used by the people of the Riau islands to do production work such as farming or hunting. Some local customs also still maintain the
3844:
796:, was established in the region between 1824 and 1911 before being directly ruled by the Dutch East Indies. The archipelago became a part of
9778:
9398:
9268:
1134:." Log records of Chinese ships testify these incidents in the 12th century. Even after several centuries, the Riau archipelago, especially
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6396:
4981:
forms a significant minority in the province, forming around 6.99% and 0.15% respectively. They are mostly adhered by the Chinese. Lastly,
4440:
is also similar to the Malay used in the Karimun and BIitan Regency. The variety of Malay spoken in the province's northernmost regencies,
4218:
is the dominant ethnic group of the immigrants, forming 24.95% of the total population. The Javanese who stayed here are mostly due to the
3658:. It mostly serves flight to Jakarta and destinations within the province such as Batam and Natuna. Other airports in the province are the
2207:
1757:
1005:
and United Kingdom, the Johor-Pahang sultanates fell under British influence, while the Riau-Lingga sultanates fell under Dutch influence.
801:
9756:
4105:
are the largest ethnic group with a composition of 29.95% of the entire population of the Riau Islands. They are the native people of the
3273:
production increased by 5 percent and banana production increased by 50 percent, compared to production in 2010. As for the production of
1778:
in Riau. They discussed prospects for a restoration with Tengku Omar and Tengku Besar, descendants of the sultans, who were then based in
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11735:
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and southern part of Malacca Strait. Since seawater level in Pacific Ocean is always higher than in Indian Oceans, the seawater level in
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9450:
11992:
11755:
10434:
9807:
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contemporary art that grows, lives, and develops in urban areas will have a solid and tidy foundation in contributing to national art.
2140:. As of 2019, there are 45 seats in the assembly, scattered in several political parties. The majority (8 seats) are currently held by
11052:
10035:"Website Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Kepulauan Riau – Hingga Desember 2018, Sebanyak 80% Puskesmas Di Provinsi Kepri Sudah Terakreditasi"
9892:
9866:
8540:
7425:"The Ottomans and Southeast Asia Prior to the Hamidian Era: A Critique of Colonial Perceptions of Ottoman–Southeast Asian Interaction"
7328:
1668:
Abdul Rahman II of Riau Lingga, the last sultan of Riau-Lingga sultanate. He was subsequently deposed by the Dutch and went into exile
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11863:
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can also be found in the province. Teh Tarik is not originally an original beverage from the Riau Islands. This drink is familiar in
4151:
and Singapore. The geographical condition of the Riau Islands, which has almost 99% of its area as water, has made quite a number of
3907:
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2420:
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in 1795 and saw an opportunity to increase their regional influence. They crowned Tengku Hussein in Singapore, and he took the title
215:
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Bintan Pesisir, Bintan Timur, Bintan Utara, Gunung Kijang, Mantang, Seri Kuala Lobam, Tambelan, Teluk Bintan, Teluk Sebong, Toapaya
149:
12032:
11997:
11750:
11745:
11725:
10755:
10742:. Language complexity: Typology, contact, change (Studies in Language Companion Series 94). Amsterdam: Benjamins. pp. 109–131.
9190:
8918:
8753:
4960:
3702:
3640:
2724:
Jemaja, Jemaja Barat, Jemaja Timur, Kute Siantan, Palmatak, Siantan, Siantan Tengah, Siantan Selatan, Siantan Timur, Siantan Utara
2602:
Belat, Buru, Durai, Karimun, Kundur, Kundur Barat, Kundur Utara, Meral, Meral Barat, Moro, Selat Gelam, Sugie Besar, Tebing, Ungar
1889:
The royalist association would not give any public support to the Indonesian movement, as is evident in its refusal to display the
1767:
7642:
7186:
4999:
2483:
Batam Kota, Batu Aji, Batu Ampar, Belakang Padang, Bengkong, Bulang, Galang, Lubuk Baja, Nongsa, Sagulung, Sekupang, Sungai Beduk
12012:
12007:
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10595:
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songs that are sung. The accompanying music consists of fiddles, tambourines, drums and small drum percussion instruments called
4624:
4476:
which means spoon are both used in Anambas and Pontianak. The Natuna Malay people spoke a dialect of Malay that is influenced by
2141:
1898:
10360:"Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Kepulauan Riau: Proyeksi Penduduk Perempuan Menurut Kabupaten/Kota dan Kelompok Umur Tahun 2017"
10335:"Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Kepulauan Riau: Proyeksi Penduduk Laki-Laki Menurut Kabupaten/Kota dan Kelompok Umur Tahun 2017"
10085:
9320:
3045:
to prevent illegal fishing. This has resulted in the arrest of hundreds of fishing boats and their crews from countries such as
1874:(BKRI) (Indonesian Riau Sovereign Body) on 8 October 1945. The organisation sought to absorb the Riau Archipelago into the then-
12441:
11545:
10137:
8291:
5383:
cloth to be used as a scabbard, various gold jewelry, and a small bag or fan. Since the majority of Malay communities embraced
10111:
9680:
9614:
8489:
7775:
7095:
5120:. The nickname is usually followed by a word that describes the physical characteristics of the person concerned, for example
5077:, and European culture also influenced the culture of the province. The culture of the Riau Islands is also influenced by the
4915:, forming around 11.97% and 2.54% of the total population respectively. Most of the people who adhered Protestantism are from
4615:
of the Chinese people in the Riau Islands. Most of the Chinese varieties spoken in the region have been greatly influenced by
129:
11178:
9002:
7926:
7739:
7014:
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6779:
6662:
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and Tanjung Balai Karimun, this drink is commonly available everywhere. The condition of the Riau Islands, which is close to
5997:
3374:
plant and 237 diesel power plant. Currently, the largest power plant in the Riau Islands is the Tanjung Kasam power plant in
2434:
2219:
886:. The area around Batam is also home to many expatriates from different countries. Approximately 80% of these are from other
219:
17:
9944:
9502:
8947:
8209:
6423:
3112:. The Natuna Island surili is one of the 25 most endangered primates on Earth. Wealth of flora in the province includes the
12063:
9029:
6188:
2137:
1974:
1968:
9833:
8199:) as amended by Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1/2022 and Regulation of General Elections Commission No. 6/2023.
8178:
12446:
7158:
4377:
are spoken in the province. There are fifteen different varieties of Malay spoken in the Riau Islands, most of which are
4246:. Most of Minangkabau people work as traders, peddlers, and craftsmen, in addition to doctors, lawyers, and journalists.
3042:
558:
246:
10712:
9958:
9922:
5424:
traditional clothing is the length of the kebaya to cover the knees with the shape of the kebaya looking wide and open.
4135:
are encompasses of numerous tribes and groups inhabiting the islands and estuaries in the Riau-Lingga Archipelagos, the
1531:
was crowned as the Sultan of Riau-Lingga, bearing the name of Sultan Abdul Rahman, with the royal seat in Daik, Lingga.
1168:, fleeing from the sacking of Palembang, stayed on Bintan for several years, gathering his strength before founding the
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11296:
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8105:
6904:
6538:
6239:
3604:
1528:
1395:
11155:
10385:
10059:
8566:
6568:
2987:. Water turbidity was recorded about 22 NTU during the wet season, and it is lower (about 7.4 NTU) in the dry season.
2943:
1839:). The Riouw Council was the devolved national unicameral legislature of Riau, a position equivalent to a Parliament.
1803:
In the aftermath of the war and the struggle against Dutch rule, several exile associations collectively known as the
1677:
Sultan Abdul Rahman II had not been made with the consent of the Dutch and he was also clearly against colonial rule.
1433:
In 1812, the Johor-Riau Sultanate experienced a succession crisis. The death of the Mahmud Shah III in Lingga left no
10999:
10877:
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being used as their first language and the local Riau Malay as their second language. Due to it close proximity from
4381:
with Indonesian, which is a standardized form of Malay. The Riau Islands are considered the birthplace of the modern
3838:
2090:
1935:
under the United States of Indonesia. Being one of the last territories merged into Indonesia, Riau was known as the
11906:
10310:"Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Kepulauan Riau: umlah Penduduk Pertengahan Tahun Provinsi Kepulauan Riau Tahun 2017"
10214:"Australian Intercultural School | first and the only school in Batam that offers the Western Australian Curriculum"
8269:
7981:"Changing Ethnic Composition and Potential Violent Conflict in Riau Archipelago, Indonesia: An Early Warning Signal"
7689:
4222:
enacted by the Dutch during the colonial period to reduce the overpopulated Java and continued until the end of the
3544:, Riau Islands that was constructed in 1992 and finished in 1997 and was inaugurated by former Indonesian president
946:
to mainland Sumatra while being pursued by the Portuguese. The Portuguese is believed to have reached as far as the
89:
10921:
10543:
6512:
6491:
3782:
islands. For international ferry services, the port of Sri Bintan Pura also has transportation links to Singapore (
3759:
3592:
3584:
3568:
3186:
The economic growth rate of Riau Islands Province in 2005 was 6.57%. Sectors that grew well (faster than the total
3013:
2885:
The highest point in Riau Islands is Mount Daik with a height of 1,165 meters (3,822 ft), which is located on
2145:
1978:
1571:
pilgrimage. Inspired by the experience and intellectual progress attained in the Middle East and influenced by the
1208:
773:. The Riau Islands also have relatively large potential mineral resources and energy, as well as marine resources.
4506:
people also spoke their own variety of Malay which is still related to the Malay spoken in the Batam-Bintan area.
3639:
in Singapore since it serves more destinations to other countries compared to Hang Nadim International Airport or
2934:
1453:
commoner. Tengku Abdul Rahman had a similarly lowborn mother, Cik Halimah. The only unquestionably royal wife and
12559:
12056:
10653:
8024:
Vagg, Jon (1 January 1995), "Rough seas? Contemporary piracy in South East Asia. (Riau Archipelago, Indonesia)",
7162:
3187:
1940:
1473:
7293:
1592:
in 1883, 1895 and in 1905 to secure the liberation of the kingdom by Raja Ali Kelana, accompanied by a renowned
10788:"Islamization in Riau: Historical and Cultural Study of the entry and the development of Islam in Kuntu Kampar"
9704:
7940:
6310:" Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Per Kapita Atas Dasar Harga Berlaku Menurut Provinsi, 2010–2016 (Ribu Rupiah)"
6255:
4268:
4214:, Riau Islands have become a melting pot for different ethnic groups coming from other parts of Indonesia. The
3651:
3326:
1875:
1761:
809:
30:
This article is about the current province of Indonesia. For the archipelago that is part of the province, see
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11082:
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into a scuba diving destination. While there were once threats towards the coral reefs in the region, such as
11662:
11289:
4264:
4210:
Other ethnic group are mostly immigrants coming from different parts of Indonesia. Due to its proximity from
2199:. All matters pertaining the administration of the sultanate including the appointment of the Sultan and the
2072:
Some level of unity returned in the Riau region for the first time after 150 years, with the creation of the
1956:
1066:
11611:
10894:
7804:
Bibliografi Beranotasi : Hasil Penelitian Balai Pelestarian Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional Tanjungpinang
6266:
M. A. Fawzi Mohd. Basri (1988). Johor, 1855–1917: pentadbiran dan perkembangannya (in Malay). Fajar Bakti.
5515:
performance is accompanied by musical instruments such as fiddle and drums. In the Riau Islands region, the
3927:
is the most populated administrative division in the province, with 1,256,600 people in mid 2023, while the
3029:
in the previous years has been home to illegal fishing due to weak law enforcement in the region. Under the
12213:
10009:
5581:
was only performed by male dancers but now it is usually danced by female dancers or both male and female.
3504:
2269:
During the Dutch East Indies era, the Riau Islands was included in the Residency of Riau and Dependencies (
2029:
Batam and the surrounding islands were heavily fortified to deter possible British and Malaysian invasion.
1658:
1329:'s daughter. Penyengat became for a period a center of government, Islamic religion and the Malay culture.
860:
10491:
7820:"Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation in 1963–1966 (The Economic Impacts on Society in Tanjung Balai Karimun)"
6220:
4700:
are sometimes used as another lingua franca among Riau Islands people to foreigners, especially in Batam.
1300:
In the early 18th century, the descendants of the Sultan and the Regent of Johor were fighting for power.
12409:
6461:(p. 86– 87). Selangor, Malaysia: Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. Call no.: RSEA 959.5 MIL.
4543:
descent. The Riau Islands Hokkien is related to the Hokkien spoken in mainland Riau, such as the town of
3791:
3763:
3603:. The airport has the longest runway in Indonesia and the second longest runway in Southeast Asia, after
2930:
1636:
7866:
7586:
6605:
3179:
The geographical position of the Riau Islands, which is close to neighboring countries located near the
1684:
On the morning of 11 February 1911, when the sultan and the court officials were in Daik to perform the
1114:(Singapore). Chinese maritime records one of Riau archipelago's islands was inhabited by Malay pirates.
12485:
11538:
7559:
5622:
4630:
Other ethnic groups who migrated from other parts of Indonesia brought their own language, such as the
3787:
3667:
1916:
1593:
1488:
1352:
1318:
1180:
1153:, the old name of Singapore, he spotted an animal, which he thought was a lion, and renamed Temasek as
1078:
998:
789:
530:
10772:
8788:
Assessment of the capture and storage potential of CO2 co-produced with natural gas in South-East Asia
5720:
itself is a term for traditional weapons which is known among the Bugis community and some regions in
3843:
Education in the Riau Islands, as well as Indonesia in a whole, falls under the responsibility of the
3607:, at 4,214 metres (13,825 ft) long. The airport serve flights to major Indonesian cities such as
984:
which means crowded, frenzied working people. This word is believed used to reflect the nature of the
882:
and others. Economic rise in the region has attracted many immigrants and workers from other parts of
10571:, Vol. 45, No. 1 (221), pp. 1–9. Call no.: RSING 959.5 JMBRAS. Retrieved 29 January 2014, from JSTOR.
5878:. In archipelago region like Riau Islands, usually seafood are used to accompany nasi lemak, such as
4560:
3876:
3695:
3359:
1199:. The fall of Malacca Empire in 1511 when Malacca fell to the Portuguese. Sultan Mahmud Shah fled to
11205:
8446:
7050:
6921:
6627:
4660:
is widely used as the national language. Most formal education, and nearly all national mass media,
1661:, there were some reports that the Sultan then apologized to the governor over the "flag incident".
12554:
11620:
11276:
9056:
7190:
4492:
respectively, as most of the people living there trace their origins from the eastern coast of the
3783:
3717:
is developing a new airport, with runway and maintenance facilities so as to make a new air hub in
3636:
3596:
3548:, who oversaw the project in construction, aiming to transform the Rempang and Galang islands into
3447:
1878:, as the archipelago was still retained by the Dutch. BKRI hoped that the new administration under
903:
10458:
9114:
6708:"Melaka, Johor and Aceh: A bird's eye view over a Portuguese-Malay Triangular Balance (1575–1619)"
3635:. Due to its proximity to Singapore, many people who is travelling abroad usually choose to go to
2971:
Conversely, during the southwest monsoon, May to October, most of the currents in western part of
12126:
11581:
11510:
9061:
7921:, Singapore Asian Studies Association of Australia in association with NUS Press and NIAS Press,
4968:
4924:
4813:
4457:
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4172:
3928:
3871:
which consists of six years at elementary level and three each at middle and high school levels.
3767:
3683:
2948:
2914:
2792:
2716:
2460:
2406:
2346:
2007:
1948:
1927:
on 4 April 1950. After the official withdrawal by the Dutch in 1950, the Riau Archipelago became
1653:
1512:
1107:
966:
856:
710:
622:
601:
572:
12176:
8651:"Kajian dan Analisis Sumber Daya Manusia (Tinjauan IPM) Provinsi Kepulauan Riau Tahun 2005–2013"
6868:
M.C. Ricklefs; Bruce Lockhart; Albert Lau; Portia Reyes; Maitrii Aung-Thwin (19 November 2010).
4163:
are boat-dwelling tribe with main livelihoods as fish finders and other marine animals, such as
3560:. The Tengku Fisabilillah Bridge will be surpassed as the longest bridge in the province by the
3265:
plants experienced a very small increase of 2.4 percent. As for fruit production, in 2011, only
1567:
and Singapore could take no more than a fortnight; thus these cities became major ports for the
12079:
10459:
Aris Ananta; Evi Nurvidya Arifin; M. Sairi Hasbullah; Nur Budi Handayani; Agus Pramono (2015).
7941:
Riau Roundtable (2007 : Singapore); S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (2007),
6976:
Matheson, Virginia (1989). "Pulau Penyengat : Nineteenth Century Islamic Centre of Riau".
6026:
5093:, the culture of the Riau Islands mostly relate to the culture of the Malay people themselves.
4378:
4219:
3114:
2995:
2073:
1846:(The Council of Riau People Administration), with the members hailing from Tudjuh Archipelago,
1689:
1192:
686:
540:
338:
291:
8068:
6869:
6749:
6734:
3802:
Health-related matters in the Riau Islands is administered by the Riau Islands Health Agency (
2746:
The province forms one of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to the
1627:), and passive acts such as ignoring the raising of the Dutch flag were met with anger by the
12539:
12419:
12393:
11531:
8891:
8433:
8131:
5902:
5725:
5214:
5089:. However, as the Riau Islands is considered as the home of the Malay people and part of the
4853:
4665:
4223:
4110:
3967:
3771:
3766:. Connections to Singapore are by way of Harbourfront and Tanah Merah Ferry Terminals run by
3367:
3293:
3195:
2910:
2747:
2597:
2152:
2107:
2042:
1616:
1532:
1492:
1464:(customary observance), the consent of Engku Puteri was crucial as she was the holder of the
1426:
1338:
1223:
1099:
1090:
1042:
985:
793:
223:
64:
6712:
Actas do Colóquio Nouvelles Orientations de la Recherche Sur l'Histoire de l'Asie Portugaise
2195:
on the apex of the monarchy system, he is under the direct control of the Dutch Resident in
2151:
Prior to Dutch colonization, most of the modern-day province of Riau Islands is part of the
1785:
693:
from which the Riau Islands Province were separated in 2002. The capital of the province is
12266:
12088:
11896:
11060:
11026:
8922:
8687:
8658:
8653:[Study and Analysis of Human Resources (HDI review) in the Riau Islands 2005–2013]
8544:
7332:
6184:
5926:). The Riau islands version however, comes with an addition of small fish locally known as
5892:
5274:
5226:
4685:
4639:
4536:
3920:
3868:
3811:
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3101:
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1519:
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to the north. It comprises a total of 2,028 islands (1,798 having names) scattered between
480:
10812:
7892:
Carver, Michael (1986). "Conventional Warfare in the Nuclear Age". In Paret, Peter (ed.).
7242:
Matheson, Virginia (1986). "Strategies of Survival: The Malay Royal Line of Lingga-Riau".
3387:. It also aimed that by 2020, all villages in the Riau Islands will be fully electrified.
1842:
After establishing itself in Tanjung Pinang, the group formed a new organisation known as
1187:(Lit: Wasp island), lithography of an original watercolour by J.C. Rappard. ca. 1883–1889.
8:
11573:
11265:
9783:
9722:
6050:
5824:
5638:
4936:
4681:
4657:
4620:
4552:
4428:
4370:
4091:
4027:
3822:
3803:
3561:
3516:
3428:
3395:
2812:
2229:
2210:, Japanese military officers and local Indonesian nationalist leaders headed the region.
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2058:
2003:
931:
871:
666:
460:
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10752:
7919:
Being Malay in Indonesia : histories, hopes and citizenship in the Riau Archipelago
5812:
1643:, advocating that the sultanate and association be crushed as resistance in the earlier
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12322:
12284:
12279:
12236:
11523:
8811:
8037:
8000:
7275:
7267:
7194:
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as an international port in the 16th century. This can be seen from the development of
5531:. In the Riau Islands, this oral tradition developed rapidly during the sultanate era.
5298:
5269:
mutually complement and influence each other. Likewise, Malay cultural regions such as
5222:
4990:
4952:
4948:
4861:
4643:
4374:
4250:
4227:
4136:
4087:
4012:
3557:
3553:
3481:
The cable-stayed Tengku Fisabilillah Bridge connecting Batam and Tonton, a part of the
3081:
3025:
is also one of the factor that damages the ecosystem in the region. The sea around the
2855:
2298:
2172:
2125:
2036:
In the 1970s, the city of Batam started an industrial boom, which continues to this day
1737:
1628:
1500:
1266:
1243:
879:
400:
394:
266:
10690:
Sneddon 2003, "The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society", p. 70
8865:
4595:, also in Fujian. Other varieties of Chinese are also spoken in the province, such as
1483:
Rivalry between the British and the Dutch intensified. The British had earlier gained
12345:
10873:
10867:
10145:
8897:
8735:
8466:
8425:
8137:
8074:
8041:
8004:
7959:
7922:
7897:
7745:
7718:
7400:(in Indonesian). Tanjung Pinang: Tanjungpinangpos.co.id. 2 March 2013. Archived from
7351:
7279:
7259:
7010:
6953:
6900:
6875:
6823:
6775:
6767:
6658:
6633:
6574:
6544:
6475:
6351:
6309:
6267:
6243:
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5458:
is complemented by a headdress called a peak which is a head covering made of square
5367:
5302:
5270:
5266:
4928:
4920:
4881:
4631:
4588:
4522:
3599:
in case of an emergency, it has sufficient facilities for wide-body aircraft such as
3180:
2976:
2188:
1996:
1991:
1795:
1771:
1612:
1522:
of Johor-Riau under the Anglo-Dutch treaty of 1824, by which the region north of the
1342:
1196:
1054:
939:
867:
836:
781:
583:
554:
512:
488:
476:
388:
10977:
9984:
7348:
Prince of Pirates : The Temenggongs and the Developments of Johor and Singapore
6206:
5617:
5395:, or ladies to go to the market, without including accessories that seem luxurious.
3296:
in Indonesia (estimated to 1.3 billion m). The field was discovered in 1973 by
12523:
12511:
12378:
12302:
12251:
12246:
12100:
11923:
11694:
11323:
11108:
9034:
8980:
8952:
8725:
8033:
7992:
7251:
6985:
6850:
6813:
6805:
5840:
5836:
5828:
5666:
5634:
5282:
5210:
5006:
4873:
4693:
4564:
4497:
4477:
4409:, although it is much more influenced by the Indonesian language. It served as the
4351:
4332:
4199:
4106:
4102:
4095:
4075:
4042:
3746:
Major cities such as Batam and Tanjung Pinang serves international ferry routes to
3714:
3500:
3456:
2851:
2176:
1863:
1790:
1770:
broke out, the Dutch initially seemed reluctant to defend their territories in the
1693:
1523:
1322:
1286:
746:
682:
496:
376:
31:
11281:
8832:
5686:
One of the most famous traditional house of the people of the Riau Islands is the
5432:
cloth such as cual fabric. For the wedding, the groom wore a head covering called
4848:
is the dominant religion in the province, forming 78.29% of the total population.
4684:
in the Riau Islands use Indonesian as their third language, with Hokkien or other
3919:
According to the 2020 national census results (released in 2021 by the Indonesian
859:
of 0.748, also the fourth highest among all provinces in Indonesia after Jakarta,
12494:
12414:
12388:
12256:
12241:
11946:
11761:
11591:
11498:
11481:
11452:
11432:
11408:
11374:
11354:
11349:
10759:
9708:
8057:
Francis E. Hutchinson, Siwage Dharma Negara; The Riau Islands: Setting Sail, 2021
7947:, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University
7004:
6867:
6764:
The Riau Islands and economic cooperation in the Singapore Indonesian border zone
6444:
6430:
6345:
5856:
5844:
5832:
5774:
is also one of the identities that characterizes the Malay people. Until now the
5742:
5577:
dance focuses more on teamwork rather than individual efforts. Before the 1960s,
5334:
5310:
5306:
5294:
5078:
5066:
5062:
4986:
4912:
4898:
4857:
4826:
4809:
4647:
4635:
4596:
4493:
4453:
4449:
4424:
4419:
4398:
4373:
is the official language of the state, as well as the province. However, several
4355:
4215:
4148:
4079:
3982:
3671:
3549:
3520:
3482:
3073:
3038:
3022:
2980:
2964:
2906:
2898:
2867:
2808:
2592:
2368:
2294:
2093:
with the capital of the former sultanate, Tanjung Pinang, as provincial capital.
2025:
1894:
1859:
1733:
1542:
1446:
1377:
1301:
1212:
1184:
1165:
1030:
906:. The province also has the second largest number of foreign tourist arrivals in
875:
844:
824:
805:
792:, in which the archipelago fell under Dutch influence. A Dutch protectorate, the
777:
758:
738:
722:
492:
484:
382:
7531:(in Indonesian). Tanjung Pinang: Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Tanjung Pinang,
7499:"Verzeparty dan Lydelyk Verzet: Perdirian Roesidijah (Club) Riouw 1890-an −1991"
7469:"Verzeparty dan Lydelyk Verzet: Perdirian Roesidijah (Club) Riouw 1890-an −1991"
7398:"Verzeparty dan Lydelyk Verzet: Perdirian Roesidijah (Club) Riouw 1890-an −1991"
7074:"Gender, Islam and the Bugis Diaspora in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Riau"
6400:
6256:
University of Toronto Quarterly, Volume 74, Number 1, Winter 2004/5, pp. 528-530
6115:
has made Teh Tarik to spread around the Riau Islands. Curry puff, also known as
5548:
in Yemen by Arab traders in the early 16th century. At that time the country of
5519:
oral tradition has been exhibited since several centuries ago and has spread to
3410:
the future. Examples of dams that are being constructed are the Sei Gong Dam in
1347:
942:
in the early 16th century, the remaining Malaccan nobles and subjects fled from
843:
8,300.82) as of 2011, the fourth highest among all provinces in Indonesia after
12373:
12337:
12317:
12312:
11974:
11915:
11858:
11654:
11601:
11596:
11586:
9243:"Di Kepri, PLN Targetkan Ada Listrik di Semua Desa di 5 Kabupaten Sebelum 2019"
8070:
Deepening Democracy in Indonesia?: Direct Elections for Local Leaders (Pilkada)
6692:
Portuguese Sea Battles – Volume II – Christianity, Commerce and Corso 1522–1538
6104:
6088:
5489:
5278:
5144:
is a village administrator chosen based on government regulations. Besides the
4964:
4944:
4940:
4748:
4677:
4616:
4580:
4518:
4445:
4437:
4432:
4390:
4382:
4359:
4328:
4316:
4304:
4239:
3775:
3691:
3675:
3512:
3384:
3289:
3258:
3230:
3109:
3026:
2956:
2902:
2886:
2871:
2847:
2843:
2675:
2633:
2553:
2516:
2379:
2357:
2335:
2302:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2270:
2196:
2129:
1982:
1952:
1832:
1824:
1816:
1741:
1721:
1697:
1620:
1589:
1536:
1496:
1386:
1366:
1216:
977:
891:
832:
785:
750:
694:
467:
117:
8730:
8713:
7741:
The SIJORI Cross-Border Region: Transnational Politics, Economics, and Culture
7641:(in Indonesian). Tanjung Pinang: TanjungPinangPos. 6 July 2013. Archived from
7255:
6347:
The SIJORI Cross-Border Region: Transnational Politics, Economics, and Culture
3366:, as of 2017, there are 240 power plants in the Riau Islands, consisting of 2
3194:
The potential of natural wealth in the Riau Islands comes from mining and the
3072:
are the fauna and flora symbol of the Riau Islands province respectively. The
2203:
must be made within the knowledge and even the consent of the Dutch Resident.
12533:
12471:
12368:
12327:
12161:
12146:
11982:
11954:
11853:
11827:
11819:
11774:
11705:
11633:
11565:
10738:
Gil, David (2008). Miestamo, Matti; Sinnemäki, Kaius; Karlsson, Fred (eds.).
8739:
8133:
Indonesia Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments
8045:
7613:"Meneroka Peran Cendekiawan Kerajaan Riau-Lingga dalam Menentang Belanda (3)"
7372:"Meneroka Peran Cendekiawan Kerajaan Riau-Lingga dalam Menentang Belanda (2)"
7263:
6827:
6818:
6285:"Meneroka Peran Cendekiawan Kerajaan Riau-Lingga dalam Menentang Belanda (3)"
6132:
5870:, with some notable differences compared to the variety found in neighboring
5860:
5807:
5630:
5589:
5520:
5398:
However, the main traditional dress of the people of the Riau Islands is the
5286:
5238:
5058:
5057:
The culture of the Riau Islands is strongly influenced by the culture of the
5021:
4908:
4865:
4822:
4778:
4728:
4604:
4584:
4548:
4544:
4411:
4347:
4343:
4288:
3936:
3718:
3679:
3655:
3545:
3538:
3493:
3411:
3318:
3308:
formed a joint venture to develop Natuna D-Alpha. However, due to the high CO
3225:
The third largest sector is the mining industry. Riau Islands is the largest
3093:
3018:
3009:
2890:
2879:
2839:
2831:
2827:
2800:
2160:
2032:
1855:
1847:
1712:(the Queen) left Pulau Penyengat and sailed to Singapore in the royal vessel
1484:
1454:
1434:
1326:
1259:
1135:
989:
690:
192:
164:
151:
7130:. Tanjung Pinang: Dinas Pariwisata, Seni dan Budaya Provinsi Kepulauan Riau.
6841:
Andaya, Léonard Y. (2001). "Aceh's Contribution to Standards of Malayness".
4985:
only forms around 0.05% of the total population, which is mostly adhered by
4206:
1936. The Chinese has inhabited the Riau Islands since the late 18th century
3060:
The wealth of flora and fauna in the Riau Islands is also very diverse. The
2959:. It is depends on the different between seawater level in northern part of
2522:
Bukit Bestari, Tanjungpinang Barat, Tanjungpinang Kota, Tanjungpinang Timur
1973:
After the war, from 1950 the Riau archipelago was a duty-free zone till the
12350:
12198:
12166:
11935:
11928:
11804:
11794:
11163:
11053:"Daftar 10 Nama Tarian Daerah Riau & Kepulauan Riau untuk Anda Ketahui"
7667:
6989:
6854:
5338:
5086:
4978:
4904:
4894:
4889:
4838:
4805:
4801:
4758:
4540:
4514:
4481:
4324:
4254:
4231:
4195:
4168:
3997:
3821:
The most prominent hospital is the Riau Islands Regional General Hospital (
3710:
3659:
3624:
3580:
3406:
3391:
3248:
2842:. There are around 3,200 islands in the province, which has its capital at
2835:
2016:
1905:
1867:
1775:
1572:
1450:
1409:
1310:
1282:
1278:
1230:
1161:
1119:
438:
426:
11261:
10192:
9294:
8372:
7996:
5819:
Sambal Cumi, a variety of Nasi Lemak that can be found in the Riau Islands
4287:
sent a mission to China with a memorial and tribute. The nearby island of
3519:
with two 118 m high pylons and main span 350 m. The bridge is part of the
12499:
12383:
12048:
8426:"Peremasalahan Illegal Fishing Dan Ancaman Bagi Ekosistem Laut Indonesia"
7980:
6120:
6061:
5757:
5654:
5646:
5372:
5346:
5234:
5230:
5090:
4932:
4680:, while it is spoken as a second language elsewhere in the province. The
4510:
4386:
4259:
3892:
3755:
3477:
3440:
3371:
3350:
3292:
located in the north-eastern part of the province is home to the largest
3234:
decline in the number of workers and output produced by this sector. The
3203:
3030:
2972:
2960:
1987:
1127:
1002:
961:
which means sea water. The word is allegedly derived from the figure of
674:
10929:
7942:
7271:
6540:
Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor
5501:
is one of the traditional dances that can be found in the Riau Islands.
4279:, which means "Dragon's Tooth Strait" in Chinese, first appeared in the
2920:
1919:- with seats in the federal People's Representative Council and Senate.
1141:
During the 12th to 13th century, the Riau archipelago was a part of the
761:), the province shares water borders with neighboring countries such as
12228:
7615:(in Indonesian). Batam: Batampos.co.id. 4 November 2014. Archived from
7374:(in Indonesian). Batam: Batampos.co.id. 4 November 2014. Archived from
6679:
Portuguese Sea Battles – Volume I – The First World Sea Power 1139–1521
6287:(in Indonesian). Batam: Batampos.co.id. 4 November 2014. Archived from
6084:
6004:
5867:
5866:
One of the most popular dish in the Riau Islands is its variety of the
5816:
5545:
4661:
4611:, albeit to a lesser extent compared to Hokkien. Hokkien serves as the
4502:
4485:
4300:
4114:
3875:
are under the responsibility of the Ministry of Religious Affairs. The
3600:
3314:
3085:
3034:
3005:
2478:
1779:
1673:
1552:
1508:
1255:
1103:
993:
947:
754:
10671:
10473:
10463:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies dan BPS – Statistics Indonesia.
10168:"International School Batam | Batam Kota | Sekolah Global Indo – Asia"
9373:"Batam Terancam Kekeringan, Bendungan Sei Gong Dipercepat Halaman all"
8179:"Human Development Index by Regencies/Cities in the Riau Islands 2021"
6442:
Schnitger, F. M., Fürer-Haimendorf, C. & Tichelman, G. L. (1939).
6123:. In Malaysia or Singapore, for example. Epok-epok is better known as
5313:
cultures. Cultures influence that come from outside Indonesia such as
3738:
boats, etc. This ships consists of a ship operated by the state-owned
3358:
Electricity distribution in the state are operated and managed by the
3261:
plants in 2011 experienced a very high increase of 118 percent. While
2846:
in the south of Bintan Island. The Riau Islands province includes the
2767:
1990:, which replaced the dollar at par. Although the rupiah resembled the
12307:
12218:
12203:
11329:
11232:"Tak Hanya Berisi Kentang, Ini Dia Resep Epok-epok Kekinian di Batam"
9845:
9593:
8248:
6406:
6372:"Kunjungan Turis Asing ke Kepri Tempati Urutan Kedua secara Nasional"
6112:
6096:
6080:
5875:
5749:
5434:
5363:
5355:
5262:
4951:, while most of the people who adhered Catholicism are migrants from
4689:
4669:
4608:
4600:
4592:
4556:
4295:
was already known to the Yuan court before 1320. Another place named
4211:
3880:
3815:
3747:
3620:
3595:
in Batam. Originally developed to handle diversions of aircraft from
3460:
3452:
3394:
in the province is managed by the Riau Islands Municipal Waterworks (
3301:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3123:
3021:
which is mostly produced by households that are thrown into the sea.
2085:
1608:(Sultanate Administrative Board). Its activities outraged the Dutch.
1581:
1560:
1477:
1442:
1154:
1146:
1142:
907:
899:
883:
817:
797:
762:
714:
503:
10700:
The Natuna Islands: Geographically Malaysian, politically Indonesian
9701:
8462:"Indonesia blows up and sinks another 81 fishing boats for poaching"
8237:"Jadi Zona Perdagangan Bebas, Batam Dinilai Mampu Lampaui Singapura"
7844:
7424:
7073:
5665:
house is one of the traditional houses of the Malays inhabiting the
3523:, a chain of 6 Bridges of various types that connect the islands of
1292:
12294:
12131:
10952:"9+ Ragam Baju Adat Sumatera Yang Keren dan Wajib Kamu Tahu (2018)"
10848:
10234:
9477:"APJII: Jumlah Pengguna Internet di Indonesia Tembus 171 Juta Jiwa"
6707:
6108:
6092:
5871:
5753:
5497:
5359:
5322:
5258:
5249:
5082:
4982:
4974:
4834:
4830:
4797:
4793:
4768:
4738:
4697:
4568:
4406:
3888:
3872:
3751:
3706:
3632:
3628:
3616:
3379:
3322:
3282:
3229:
producing region in Indonesia. This can be seen from the number of
3046:
2863:
2788:
2262:
2050:
1883:
1812:
1644:
1305:
1234:
Arabia were housed in special religious hostels, while devotees of
766:
730:
718:
520:
444:
432:
7894:
The Makers of Modern Strategy: From Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age
6045:
Another notable dish that can be found in the Riau Islands is the
5245:
1664:
749:. Situated on one of the world's busiest shipping lanes along the
12208:
12141:
12113:
12092:
11987:
11770:
11420:
9841:
9808:"Kepulauan Riau Ingin Jokowi Segera Bangun Jembatan Batam-Bintan"
9589:
9425:"Atasi Defisit Air, Bendungan Sei Busung di Bintan Dibangun 2021"
8754:"Terbaru, Segini Jumlah Perusahaan Asing di Kota Batam Sekarang…"
8244:
7431:. Oxford University Press. pp. 149–174 – via Academia.
6073:
5883:
5848:
5761:
5721:
5674:
5553:
5524:
5469:
5439:
5379:
5193:
5132:
4956:
4533:
4529:
4144:
3779:
3663:
3644:
3608:
3531:
3262:
3244:
3226:
3218:
3097:
3057:
Beach, Melayu Beach, Pelawan Beach, Sisi Beach and Cemaga Beach.
3050:
2924:
Tropical vegetation on Mount Ranai in eastern Great Natuna Island
2784:
2301:
was administered separately as part of the Pulau-Tujuh Division (
2192:
2046:
2021:
1932:
1879:
1851:
1740:
was administered separately as part of the Pulau-Tujuh Division (
1469:
1239:
1150:
1111:
1106:
people (sea nomads). Later migrants came from southern China and
943:
848:
734:
726:
11277:
http://www.navegar-es-preciso.com/news/archipielago-de-tambelan/
10922:"34 Pakaian Adat di Indonesia, Kekayaan yang Masih Dilestarikan"
9529:"Internet Cepat di Natuna, Ini Kata Para Nelayan... Halaman all"
7688:(in Indonesian). Tanjung Pinang. 9 February 2013. Archived from
5973:, commonly consumed by the Chinese community in the Riau Islands
4113:. A major sub-group of the Malay inhabiting the province is the
3729:
2866:; the Tudjuh Archipelago consists of four distinct groups – the
1815:
faction known as the Association of the Indigenous Riau Malays (
1728:). The Dutch Residency consisted of Tanjung Pinang, Lingga, the
1157:(Lion City). He also proclaimed himself as a king of Singapore.
12193:
11832:
10951:
10679:
The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society
9399:"Pembangunan Rampung, Bendungan Sei Gong Batam Mulai Diisi Air"
9269:"Bangun PLTD di Kepulauan Riau, PLN Investasikan Rp 721 Miliar"
8490:"Explaining Indonesia's 'Sink The Vessels' Policy Under Jokowi"
8399:"Limbah plastik ancam ekosistem perairan Kepri, ujar pengamatm"
7096:"Engku Puteri Raja Hamidah: Permaisuri Melayu Berjiwa Srikandi"
6806:"Three Questions about Maritime Singapore, 16th–17th Centuries"
6323:"Human Development Indices by Province, 2010–2018 (New Method)"
6312:. Badan Pusat Statistik. Diakses pada tanggal 27 November 2017.
6041:
Johor in Malaysia, similar to the one found in the Riau Islands
5932:
5852:
5795:
5642:
5570:
5528:
5411:
5400:
5351:
5318:
5218:
4572:
4489:
4320:
4272:
3437:
Indonesian Ministry of Communication and Information Technology
3278:
3119:
3089:
2859:
2804:
2776:
2390:
2156:
1789:
An article by H. M. Hassan entitled "The Singapore heir to the
1635:(Dutch East Indies Council) and the Advisor on Native Affairs,
1438:
1274:
1247:
1235:
1200:
962:
895:
770:
742:
508:
250:
10193:"Independent School Batam – Satuan Pendidikan Kerjasama (SPK)"
9085:"Rp 500 Miliar untuk Pembangunan Infrastruktur Kepulauan Riau"
6034:
5387:, many women who wear clothes in brackets match them with the
4812:, as well as other migrants from various ethnic groups in the
3591:
The province is served by several airports, the largest being
12136:
11959:
11891:
11883:
11766:
11628:
11493:
11476:
11344:
8155:
8153:
7867:"Basis KKO Di Batam & Masa – Masa Sulit Saat Konfrontasi"
6100:
6046:
6038:
5989:
5941:
5937:
5915:
5823:
Cuisine in the Riau Islands are mostly similar to the one in
5738:
5716:
5562:
5549:
5539:
5442:
that is folded into a headband. A distinctive feature of the
5429:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5330:
5326:
5314:
5290:
5198:
5159:
5074:
5070:
4916:
4877:
4869:
4849:
4845:
4818:
4789:
4718:
4673:
4651:
4576:
4402:
4394:
4339:
4243:
4140:
4124:
4083:
3932:
3924:
3867:). In Indonesia, all citizens must undertake twelve years of
3739:
3612:
3524:
3508:
3489:
3415:
3375:
3305:
3253:
3068:
2984:
2823:
2796:
2638:
2324:
2168:
2077:
2011:
1705:
1597:
1564:
1556:
1314:
1204:
1123:
812:(1945–1949). The Riau Islands separated from the province of
706:
698:
597:
568:
420:
202:
10569:
Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
10284:
9893:"Akhirnya, Trase Jalan Tol Batam Lewat Dalam Kota | Ekonomi"
9867:"Batam Bakal Miliki Jalan Tol, Begini Skenarionya | Ekonomi"
9141:"Pemerintah Dorong Percepatan Aksesibilitas Energi di Kepri"
9003:"PTTEP to replace Petronas in Indonesia East Natuna Project"
7443:"Syeikh Ahmad al Fathani dan Sejarah Percetakan Riau Lingga"
7217:"Engku Puteri: Perempuan Istimewa Penjaga Harga Diri Bangsa"
6604:. Indonesia Tourism: Government of Indonesia. Archived from
6156:
6154:
6152:
6150:
6148:
5350:
is one of the traditional clothes of the Malay community in
4143:
Archipelago, and the coasts and offshore islands of eastern
3762:, Nongsapura Ferry Terminal, Sekupang, Waterfront City, and
3499:
As in other provinces in Indonesia, the Riau Islands uses a
1296:
The Tomb of Puteri Hamidah, Queen of Sultan Mahmud Shah III.
12274:
12185:
12151:
12121:
11887:
11464:
11386:
9985:"Website Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Kepulauan Riau – Beranda"
9673:"Gesa Pembangunan Infrastruktur di Natuna untuk Masyarakat"
8781:
7181:
7179:
6189:"Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (Milyar Rupiah), 2020–2022"
6171:
Kepulauan Riau, Keberagaman Identitas dalam Kesatuan Kultur
6128:
5766:
5714:
is a traditional weapon originating from the Riau Islands.
5213:
which at that time was the center of the government of the
5150:
4885:
4528:
Most of the Chinese in the Riau Islands spoke a variety of
3297:
2816:
2780:
2680:
2290:
2184:
1729:
1568:
1460:
1251:
911:
887:
852:
813:
702:
106:
35:
10869:
The Rushdiah Club: Its roles in Malay Societies, 1892–1940
10167:
9749:"What could have been, the Barelang Bridge and BJ Habibie"
8976:"East Natuna development faces possible negotiation delay"
8692:"Gross Regional Domestic Product of Indonesia by Industry"
8580:"Gross Regional Domestic Product of Indonesia by Industry"
8162:
8150:
7429:
From Anatolia to Aceh: Ottomans, Turks, and Southeast Asia
6949:
South East Asia, Colonial History: Imperialism before 1800
6657:. Vol. 16. Editions Didier Millet. pp. 118–119.
6201:
5922:), roasted peanuts, hard boiled egg, and hot spicy sauce (
4460:, especially their vocabulary and phonology. For example,
4127:
in nature and have a rich marine culture. Presently, many
3810:). According to the Riau Islands branch of the Indonesian
3701:
As the closest neighbour of Singapore and to realise that
2122:
Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kepulauan Riau – DPRD Kepri
34:. For the neighboring Indonesian province at Sumatra, see
10567:
Hsü, Y.-T. (January 1972). Singapore in the remote past.
10213:
9667:
9665:
9217:"PLTU Tanjung Kasam Pasok 25% Kebutuhan Listrik di Batam"
8712:
van Grunsven, Leo; Hutchinson, Francis E. (1 June 2017).
8136:. International Business Publications. 2013. p. 59.
6145:
4175:
in the late 1980s to the early 1990s, the customs of the
3235:
2256:) and each village headed by a village chief (known as a
648:
592:
563:
11553:
10544:"The Yuan in the Straits of Malacca – Singapore History"
9191:"TJK Power akan bangun tambahan pembangkit listrik baru"
9171:. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. October 2018
8682:
8680:
8678:
8676:
8569:
Oryx / Volume 37 / Issue 04 / October 2003, pp 472 – 479
8565:
Martjan Lammertink, Vincent Nijman and Utami Setiorini,
7176:
6971:
6969:
6513:"The Yuan in the Straits of Malacca – Singapore History"
6254:. A book review citing this information can be found at
5724:. Meanwhile, Tumbuk Lada is a traditional weapon of the
5061:
and the Chinese people. Some ethnic groups, for example
4551:, as well as the Hokkien spoken in Central and Southern
4496:. Historically, the Anambas and Natuna Malays spoke the
2084:
Dissatisfied with the provincial government's policy in
1915:
which in the following year was admitted as part of the
10533:
Universitas Michigan, Geografi Budaya Daerah Riau, 1983
9555:"Indonesia Completes Palapa Ring Internet Superhighway"
9321:"Kota Tanjungpinang-Kepri alami krisis air, sebut PDAM"
9145:
Website Resmi Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika RI
8331:"Effects of Sand Mining on Coral Reefs in Riau Islands"
7738:
Hutchinson, Francis E.; Chong, Terence (14 June 2016).
7002:
6492:"Riau:: History of Bintan – Bjorn Grotting Photography"
6419:
6417:
6415:
6344:
Hutchinson, Francis E.; Chong, Terence (14 June 2016).
5936:
chili paste and very crispy, the whole fish is edible.
5835:. Some foods are also influenced by the culture of the
2057:
Agency (BOB) which is now the Batam Development Board (
1751:
1145:
Empire. Sri Tri Buana, a member of the royal family of
890:
countries, with most of the westerners coming from the
10259:
9662:
9347:"ALIM desak Pemprov Kepri tetapkan bencana kekeringan"
8711:
8572:
8487:
5477:
is usually combined with batik and also with a scarf.
5148:
there is also a leader in the religious sector called
5020:
Vietnamese Nha Tho Duc Me Vo Nhiem Catholic church in
4591:, another Hokkien dialect originated from the city of
4362:
also inhabit the province, albeit to a lesser extent.
2834:, while the archipelago also includes islands such as
2252:), while each district is headed by a district chief (
12483:
11272:
http://www.navegar-es-preciso.com/news/islas-anambas/
11179:"Kedai Kopi Jalan Bintan Hadir dengan Konsep Berbeda"
10866:
Zakariya, Hafiz; Oktasari, Wiwin (29 December 2017).
8673:
8606:"Riau Islands in facing the ASEAN economic community"
8073:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 232.
7300:
6966:
6209:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Pembangunan Nasional.
6183:
5605:. In Tanjungpisau, this dance is better known as the
4155:
groups living in this area. In the Riau Islands, the
3623:, as well as some international destinations such as
1999:
at a rate of 1 Riau rupiah = 14.7 Indonesian rupiah.
1903:
1195:(1459–1466), the Riau archipelago became part of the
122:"With trust as foundation, and dignity as the anchor"
10762:. Exhibitions.nlb.gov.sg. Retrieved 26 October 2010.
10383:
9615:"Telkomsel Perkuat Layanan 4G di Natuna dan Anambas"
8686:
8373:"Ekosistem Terumbu Karang di Batam Kondisinya Bagus"
7639:"Riau-Lingga dan politik kontrak belanda 1905-1911/"
7124:
Cogan, Regalia Kerajaan Johor-Riau-Lingga dan Pahang
6412:
5197:
A troupe of local Riau Malay dancers performing the
4385:, though it was the classical Malaccan Malay of the
3879:
also notes that there are two types of education in
11311:
10112:"RI kicks off 12-year compulsory education program"
9723:"What You Should Know about Barelang Bridges Batam"
8860:
8858:
7758:
6402:
Budaya Melayu dalam perjalanannya menuju masa depan
5690:traditional house. This house is also known as the
5588:dance is a traditional Riau dance by the people of
4159:are usually found in islands and river mouths. The
4131:have settled in coastal areas of the province. The
3698:, refueling hangar are also currently being added.
3088:in the northern part of the province. In addition,
1351:Partition of the Johor Empire before and after the
10596:"Menelusuri Jejak Etnis Tionghoa di Tanjungpinang"
10386:"Result of the 2015 Intercensal Population Census"
10086:"RSUD Kepri Sudah Setara Rumah Sakit Swasta Mahal"
9945:"Garuda Indonesia Create New Hub in Bintan Island"
7817:
3754:. Ferries connect Batam to Singapore, Bintan, and
3650:The second-largest airport in the province is the
3300:. In 1980, the Indonesian state-owned oil company
2167:(deputy ruler or Viceroy), a position held by the
2112:The province of Riau Island is led by a governor (
855:. In addition, as of 2018, the Riau Islands has a
9582:"Jaringan 4G XL Axiata Selimuti Kepulauan Natuna"
9503:"Jaringan internet di Anambas kini belum merdeka"
9451:"Setengah Penduduk di Provinsi Ini Buta Internet"
8919:"The winner for Natuna D-Alpha is.... Exxonmobil"
7717:(in Indonesian). Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.
7714:Antara Daerah dan Negara: Indonesia Tahun 1950-an
7662:
7660:
7142:A Short History of Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei
3911:Batam International University located in Batam.
3421:
1441:to celebrate his marriage to the daughter of the
1262:, Aceh attacked Johor in 1613 and again in 1615.
992:. The name is likely to have become famous since
12531:
11684:
10865:
10474:"The Malay Peninsula and Archipelago 1511–1722"
9919:"Pesawat Tempur Mulai Disiagakan di Lanud Ranai"
8855:
8067:Erb, Maribeth; Sulistiyanto, Priyambudi (2009).
7916:
7807:(in Indonesian). Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan.
7427:. In A.C.S. Peacock; Annabel Teh Gallop (eds.).
7318:Winstedt, A History of Johore (1365–1941), pg 95
6191:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.
5988:(Batam Fish Soup), a dish native to the city of
5136:(village) are led by a village chief called the
4509:Traditionally, the Malay language is written in
4423:the Johor-Riau dialect, which is similar to the
4303:’s text. It has been argued that this place was
1959:manifested in her own Dutch East Indies domain.
74:
53:
10010:"Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Kepulauan Riau"
9113:Pos, Redaksi Tanjungpinang (14 December 2018).
8066:
7737:
7670:. Amsterdam: Hubert de Vries. 11 November 2010.
7152:
7150:
6343:
5944:are also commonly stir-fried in chili paste as
5855:, as well as European cultures, especially the
3891:, United Kingdom, Australia, United States and
3758:(Malaysia). Five ferry terminals are on Batam:
3243:caused by rice productivity that is still low.
1138:, is still referred to as the "Pirate Island".
922:There are several possible origins of the word
10813:"Kebudayaan Suku Melayu yang Paling Fenomenal"
9779:"BARELANG BRIDGE: Architectural Icon of Batam"
9295:"PLN: 67 Desa di Kepri Belum Teraliri Listrik"
8948:"Govt to award PSC to East Natuna contractors"
7773:
7657:
6653:Ahmad Sarji (2011). "The Rulers of Malaysia".
6433:. Sekretariat Negara, diakses 17 Oktober 2013.
5764:and along the Malay peninsula. Similar to the
5673:is a stilt house, like a traditional house in
4955:. The province does not have its own Catholic
3433:Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia
2913:is being pursued through cooperation with the
2897:With strategic geographical location (between
2224:This province is divided into five regencies (
1774:. This led the British to consider creating a
1325:as a wedding gift to his bride, Raja Hamidah,
12064:
11670:
11539:
11297:
11210:Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Kepulauan Riau
11031:Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Kepulauan Riau
10899:Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Kepulauan Riau
10658:Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Kepulauan Riau
10600:Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Kepulauan Riau
10496:Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Kepulauan Riau
8910:
8515:"Terapi kejut Jokowi bagi pencuri ikan asing"
8459:
8214:Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Kepulauan Riau
8210:"Gunung Daik Masuk Anugerah Pesona Indonesia"
7818:Perdana, Imantri; Melay, Ridwan; Kamaruddin.
7710:
7529:"Sejarah Kerajaan Riau-Lingga Kepulauan Riau"
7331:. Singapore Philatelic Museum. Archived from
6894:
5035:Maha Vihara Maitreya Buddhist temple in Batam
4539:, as most of the Riau Islands Chinese are of
3587:in Batam, the busiest airport in the province
3345:
3092:also live in the waters around the island of
11059:(in Indonesian). 25 May 2019. Archived from
10060:"Ombudsman: Kota Batam kekurangan puskesmas"
9714:
9711:(has a link to Batam-Tonton bridge brochure)
8941:
8939:
8533:
8328:
8106:"45 anggota DPRD Kepri dilantik 9 September"
7978:
7147:
6706:Pinto, Paulo Jorge de Sousa (January 1996).
6236:The Straits of Malacca: Gateway or Gauntlet?
6173:. ePaper Interaktif Kompas. 6 February 2009.
2175:. The sultan's royal palace was located in
1758:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
829:Indonesia–Malaysia–Singapore Growth Triangle
10978:"Makyong | Wonderful Kepri – Official Site"
10260:"Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji | UMRAH"
8893:Earth Wars: The Battle for Global Resources
8816:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
7964:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
7896:. Princeton University Press. p. 806.
7120:
7029:
6652:
6195:
5488:traditional dance in a wedding ceremony at
4484:that are spoken in the Malaysian states of
4307:, south of Riau, and that the 14th-century
3247:plants have the highest productivity, then
2236:). These are subdivided into 70 districts (
2213:
1886:a fair chance to run the local government.
1250:traders often skipped Malacca in favour of
1238:could seek initiation into one of the many
938:, which means river. After the fall of the
283:8,269.71 km (3,192.95 sq mi)
12565:States and territories established in 2002
12545:States and territories established in 2004
12078:
12071:
12057:
11677:
11663:
11546:
11532:
11304:
11290:
11000:"Makyong Kepulauan Riau, Seni Pertujukkan"
10702:, mstar.com.my. 7 December 2013 (in Malay)
10452:
9049:
9030:"Joint operation of Natuna block proposed"
9027:
8995:
8973:
8488:Prashanth Parameswaran (13 January 2015).
6803:
6177:
5782:as a complement to men's custom clothing.
4291:had sent an earlier mission in 1323. Thus
3774:, Batam, and islands to the south such as
3399:Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum Kepulauan Riau
2979:, and the different of sea water level to
1696:and deployed hundreds of native soldiers (
780:, which was later partitioned between the
776:The Riau archipelago was once part of the
11646:List of regencies and cities of Indonesia
11203:
11176:
11024:
10892:
10651:
10593:
10489:
10264:Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji | UMRAH
9021:
8967:
8936:
8916:
8729:
8124:
8023:
7801:Tarigan, Dra Nismawati (1 January 2009).
7711:Bemmelen, Sita van; Raben, Remco (2011).
7345:
7306:
7187:"Milestones in Singapore's Legal History"
6817:
5621:A typical Malay traditional house in the
4456:and the Belitung Malay dialect spoken in
1650:Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies
1639:. Hurgronje wrote a secret letter to the
1130:, wrote about Riau in the 13th century: "
10919:
10582:Longyamen is Singapore: The final proof?
9805:
8883:
8777:
8775:
7864:
7296:. Countries of the world. December 1989.
7241:
7156:
6975:
6945:
6919:
6701:
6699:
6562:
6560:
6099:. However, in the Riau Islands, such as
6033:
5811:
5616:
5479:
5297:, and others, were also affected by the
5244:
5201:Lambak. (taken in the late 19th century)
5192:
4961:Roman Catholic Diocese of Pangkal-Pinang
4335:origins also exist in the Riau Islands.
4327:origin, while significant population of
4181:
3728:
3627:in Malaysia and cities in China such as
3579:
3476:
3364:Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
3349:
3212:
3137:Riau Islands GDP share by sector (2017)
2994:
2942:
2919:
2766:
2762:
2031:
1784:
1688:(a ritual purifying bath), ships of the
1663:
1541:
1346:
1291:
1179:
1098:Riau has for centuries been the home of
11004:Direktorat Warisan dan Diplomasi Budaya
9834:"Jembatan Batam-Bintan Segera Dibangun"
9166:"Indonesia Electricity Statistics 2017"
9115:"2019, APBN untuk Kepri Rp15,5 Triliun"
8889:
8603:
8185:(in Indonesian). Badan Pusat Statistik.
7800:
6899:. Oxford University Press. p. 22.
6594:
6337:
6233:
5794:sword is similar to a typical Japanese
5188:
3808:Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Kepulauan Riau
2248:). Each regency is headed by a regent (
2159:.The Sultan, who was a Malay, acted as
2142:Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle
1870:. He later formed a group known as the
1844:Djawatan Koewasa Pengoeroes Rakjat Riow
1273:(1623–1677). Its influence extended to
14:
12532:
11148:
11103:
11101:
11099:
10842:
10840:
10838:
10836:
10834:
10810:
10785:
10384:Statistics Indonesia (November 2015).
9720:
9641:"Statistik Daerah Kepulauan Riau 2015"
9108:
9106:
8974:Cahyafitri, Raras (27 November 2015).
8645:
8643:
8641:
8639:
8637:
8635:
8633:
8599:
8597:
8094:Republic of Indonesia: National Portal
8032:(n1), Oxford University Press: 63–80,
7891:
7584:
7560:"Roesidijah (Club) Riouw P. Penjengat"
7557:
7312:
7071:
6840:
6791:
4650:spoken by different sub-groups of the
3827:Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kepulauan Riau
2508:
2470:
2002:Due to its proximity to Singapore and
689:—not to be confused with neighbouring
12052:
11658:
11527:
11285:
8945:
8896:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 28.
8824:
8772:
8423:
8324:
8322:
8320:
8318:
8168:Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2019.
8159:Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
7860:
7858:
7121:Syahri, Aswandi; Murad, Raja (2006).
6705:
6696:
6557:
6424:"Kondisi Sosial Budaya Provinsi Riau"
6207:"Capaian Indikator Utama Pembangunan"
6160:Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2024.
5741:, and also has similarities with the
5706:
5467:clothing is usually accompanied by a
4230:(Minang), who mostly originated from
4226:. Another notable immigrants are the
3849:Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan
3037:has been frequently patrolled by the
2771:Tanjung Piayu, a scenic area in Batam
2220:Administrative divisions of Indonesia
1955:with the pro-republic and pan-ethnic
11319:
11135:"Senjata Tradisional Kepulauan Riau"
11083:"Rumah Adat Riau dan Kepulauan Riau"
10740:How complex are isolating languages?
9806:Setiawan, Kodrat (22 October 2019).
9028:Cahyafitri, Raras (7 January 2016).
8917:Febrianto, Vicki (6 December 2010).
8830:
8782:CO2CRC Technologies Pty Ltd (2010).
8582:. Statistics Indonesia. 27 July 2018
7587:"Pemakzulan Sultan dan Tengku Besar"
7558:Syahri, Aswandi (3 September 2017).
7422:
6922:"Dutch Malacca 1641–1795, 1818–1825"
6920:Ramerini, Marco (17 February 2014).
6897:A Portrait of Malaysia and Singapore
6888:
6566:
6068:itself is pork ribs, while the word
5552:became a substitute for the role of
5047:Tua Pek Kong Chinese temple in Batam
4567:, which originated from the city of
3952:Ethnic groups in Riau Islands (2010)
3703:Soekarno–Hatta International Airport
3641:Soekarno–Hatta International Airport
3331:disputed between Indonesia and China
3325:. In 2012, Petronas was replaced by
2266:) for each village in the district.
1752:Japanese occupation and Independence
1726:Residentie Riouw en Onderhoorigheden
1013:
11096:
10956:BP Guide – Temukan hadiah terbaikmu
10913:
10831:
10753:AKSARA-The Passage of Malay Scripts
10737:
10461:Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicity
10302:
9831:
9112:
9103:
8630:
8604:Karim, Zamzami A.; Rianto, Faizal.
8594:
8234:
7842:
6874:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 150.
6536:
4852:is generally adhered by the ethnic
3900:Ministry of Research and Technology
3362:(PLN). According to the Indonesian
3043:Indonesian Maritime Security Agency
2281:. The Dutch Residency consisted of
2275:esidentie Riouw en Onderhoorigheden
1962:
1925:Bangka Belitung and Riau Federation
1913:Bangka Belitung and Riau Federation
926:The first possible origins is that
701:. It shares a maritime border with
24:
10846:
10654:"15 Dialek Bahasa Melayu di Kepri"
9679:. 23 December 2019. Archived from
9579:
8946:Azmar, Ahmal S. (13 August 2013).
8315:
8038:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a048489
7991:, Population Review Publications,
7855:
7774:Kompasiana.com (27 October 2013).
7585:Syahri, Aswandi (26 August 2017).
7244:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
7223:(in Indonesian). 20 September 2011
7003:Peter Turner; Hugh Finlay (1996).
6718:
4559:. Together, they are known as the
3605:Kuala Lumpur International Airport
3155: Mining and Quarrying (14.5%)
3096:. Some other rare animals are the
2854:, while to the northeast lies the
2409:of each administrative divisions.
1611:The movement was an early form of
238:Riau Islands Provincial Government
25:
12581:
12209:Special Capital Region of Jakarta
11254:
11115:(in Indonesian). 30 November 2017
10811:Antono, Agil (28 December 2017).
10476:The Encyclopedia of World History
9535:(in Indonesian). 29 November 2019
9249:(in Indonesian). 27 November 2017
7533:Ministry of Education and Culture
6804:Borschberg, Peter (1 June 2018).
6024:, a common dish in Batam made of
5116:and the youngest child is called
4338:Other ethnic groups, such as the
3845:Ministry of Education and Culture
3839:List of universities in Indonesia
3467:
3336:
1977:in 1963. During this period, the
12570:2002 establishments in Indonesia
12550:2004 establishments in Indonesia
12517:
12505:
12493:
12175:
11905:
11610:
11503:
11486:
11469:
11457:
11441:
11425:
11413:
11400:
11392:
11379:
11363:
11337:
11328:
11260:
11224:
11197:
11170:
11127:
11113:Informasi Situs Budaya Indonesia
11075:
11045:
11018:
10992:
10970:
10944:
10886:
10859:
10804:
10779:
10765:
10746:
10731:
10705:
10693:
10684:
10645:
10626:. 18 August 1945. Archived from
10613:
10587:
10574:
10561:
10536:
10527:
10518:
10509:
10483:
10467:
10427:
10402:
10377:
10352:
10327:
10277:
10252:
10227:
10206:
10185:
10160:
10130:
10104:
10078:
10052:
10027:
10002:
9977:
9951:
9937:
9911:
9885:
9859:
9825:
9799:
9771:
9746:
9740:
9695:
9633:
9607:
9573:
9547:
9521:
9495:
9469:
9443:
9417:
9391:
9365:
9339:
9313:
9287:
9261:
9235:
9209:
9183:
9158:
9133:
9077:
8794:. pp. 46–52. Archived from
8746:
8705:
8657:(in Indonesian). Tanjungpinang:
8559:
8507:
8481:
8453:
8417:
8391:
8329:Supriharyono (20 January 2004).
7865:Wibisono, Mike (24 March 2018).
7505:. 2 January 2013. Archived from
7475:. 2 January 2013. Archived from
6754:1788 edition, volume II, p. 629.
6739:1788 edition, volume II, p. 507.
6014:
5996:
5978:
5963:
5040:
5028:
5013:
4998:
4711:Religion in Riau Islands (2023)
3760:Batam Harbour Bay Ferry Terminal
3593:Hang Nadim International Airport
3585:Hang Nadim International Airport
3569:Hang Nadim International Airport
3014:Indonesian Institute of Sciences
2710:
2669:
2627:
2586:
2547:
2510:
2472:
2313:
2155:. The sultanate was headed by a
1979:Malaya and British Borneo dollar
1975:Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation
1969:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
1872:Badan Kedaulatan Indonesia Riouw
1401:
1358:
1332:
1175:
1084:
1072:
1060:
1048:
1036:
1024:
628:
627:
613:
612:
128:
108:Berpancang Amanah Bersauh Marwah
88:
11312:Places adjacent to Riau Islands
10652:dediarman (30 September 2018).
9721:Wibowo, Akut (23 August 2017).
8365:
8356:
8347:
8306:
8284:
8262:
8228:
8202:
8189:
8171:
8098:
8087:
8060:
8051:
8017:
7972:
7934:
7910:
7885:
7836:
7811:
7794:
7767:
7744:. ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute.
7731:
7704:
7674:
7631:
7605:
7578:
7551:
7521:
7491:
7461:
7449:(in Indonesian). 2 October 2016
7435:
7416:
7390:
7364:
7339:
7321:
7286:
7235:
7209:
7163:Ministry of Defence (Singapore)
7159:"1819 – The February Documents"
7134:
7114:
7088:
7065:
7035:
7023:
6996:
6939:
6913:
6871:A New History of Southeast Asia
6861:
6834:
6797:
6785:
6757:
6742:
6727:
6684:
6671:
6646:
6620:
6530:
6505:
6484:
6464:
6451:
6436:
6390:
6364:
6350:. ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute.
6315:
6240:McGill-Queen's University Press
6221:"Jumlah Pulau di Kepri Berubah"
6131:, the pastry is usually called
5612:
5438:. The spindle is a rectangular
5005:Riau Sultanate Royal Mosque in
4959:. Instead, it is served by the
4579:. It is markedly distinct from
4563:. This dialect is based on the
3914:
2990:
2752:Riau Islands Electoral District
2748:People's Representative Council
1941:Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura
1821:Persatoean Melayu Riouw Sedjati
953:The second version claims that
11204:dediarman (20 December 2018).
11006:(in Indonesian). 30 April 2019
10893:dediarman (29 December 2016).
10142:dapo.dikdasmen.kemdikbud.go.id
10138:"Data Sekolah – Dapodikdasmen"
9223:(in Indonesian). 23 April 2017
9091:(in Indonesian). 24 March 2017
8460:Chan, Francis (2 April 2017).
8026:British Journal of Criminology
7084:: 77–108 – via Academia.
7009:. Lonely Planet Publications.
7006:Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei
6303:
6277:
6260:
6227:
6213:
6163:
6079:Snacks and drinks such as the
3904:Kementerian Riset dan Teknolog
3818:of the Republic of Indonesia.
3652:Raja Haji Fisabilillah Airport
3422:Internet and telecommunication
3378:, which has a capacity of 430
3327:PTT Exploration and Production
2791:to the north, the province of
2757:
2240:) and then into 256 villages (
2208:3 years of Japanese occupation
2091:People's Consultative Assembly
1951:observed across the border in
1904:
1762:Indonesian National Revolution
810:Indonesian National Revolution
13:
1:
11442:
11364:
10895:"Makam Merah dan Alias Wello"
10719:(in Indonesian). 8 March 2019
10681:. UNSW Press, 2004. Page 14."
10594:dediarman (6 February 2019).
9405:(in Indonesian). 20 July 2019
9379:(in Indonesian). 21 July 2019
9275:(in Indonesian). 3 March 2018
8866:"Natuna Gas Field, Indonesia"
7535:. 8 June 2014. Archived from
6445:Forgotten kingdoms in Sumatra
6138:
5104:, the second child is called
4991:Indonesians of Indian descent
3908:Ministry of Religious Affairs
3857:Ministry of Religious Affairs
3797:
2935:Köppen climate classification
2101:
12214:Special Region of Yogyakarta
11401:
11393:
11268:travel guide from Wikivoyage
10920:Raparapa (13 January 2017).
9965:(in Indonesian). 23 May 2015
9483:(in Indonesian). 15 May 2019
8760:(in Indonesian). 2 July 2020
8424:Fitri, Ajeng (23 May 2018).
7776:"Asal Usul Mata Uang Rupiah"
7329:"Establishment of Singapore"
7157:Jenny Ng (7 February 1997).
6655:The Encyclopedia of Malaysia
6472:The territories of Indonesia
6409:: Yayasan Penerbit MSI-Riau.
5112:, the third child is called
4323:, hence most of them are of
4179:are gradually disappearing.
3942:
3921:Central Agency on Statistics
3832:
3812:Central Agency on Statistics
3269:and banana increased, where
2889:Island. Most of the area on
2720:
2679:
2637:
2596:
2557:
2171:ruling elite, served as the
965:al-Bahar in the book of the
917:
861:Special Region of Yogyakarta
820:'s third-youngest province.
816:in September 2002, becoming
697:, while the largest city is
309:1,165 m (3,822 ft)
7:
12410:Special Region of Surakarta
10492:"Orang Laut Kepulauan Riau"
9057:"Jakarta's China Challenge"
8292:"Tanjung Pinang, Indonesia"
7423:Kadı, İsmail Hakkı (2015).
7294:"Singapore-Johor Sultanate"
6234:Freeman, Donald B. (2003).
6091:especially easily found in
5959:Cuisine of the Riau Islands
4703:
4646:and different varieties of
4431:. The dialects used in the
4365:
3764:Batam Center Ferry Terminal
3733:Tanjung Pinang Ferry Harbor
3143: Manufacturing (36.8%)
3108:), native to the island of
3084:type of fish, inhabits the
2931:tropical rainforest climate
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2165:Dipertuan Muda/Yamtuan Muda
2096:
1899:Indonesian Independence Day
1876:newly independent Indonesia
1659:Indonesian National Archive
1637:Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje
1539:under the colonial powers.
1246:. With the fall of Malacca
967:One Thousand and One Nights
10:
12586:
11109:"Rumah Limas Potong Batam"
10490:dediarman (14 June 2016).
8312:Soegiarto and Birowo, 1975
6946:Kratoska, Paul H. (2001).
6690:Saturnino Monteiro, 1989,
6677:Saturnino Monteiro, 1989,
6632:. Silverfish Books. 2012.
6602:"History of Bintan Island"
6573:. iUniverse. p. 128.
6203:Badan Pembangunan Nasional
5805:
5801:
5623:Taman Mini Indonesia Indah
5052:
3836:
3668:Raja Haji Abdullah Airport
3459:has started building more
3346:Energy and water resources
3149: Construction (18.0%)
3129:
2708:
2667:
2625:
2584:
2545:
2277:), which is also based in
2217:
2105:
1966:
1917:United States of Indonesia
1755:
1604:(Malay Judiciary) and the
1353:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824
1336:
1191:During the rule of Sultan
1079:United States of Indonesia
1008:
999:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824
790:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824
258: • Vice Governor
114:برڤنچاڠ أمانه برساءوه مروه
29:
12433:
12402:
12359:
12336:
12293:
12265:
12227:
12184:
12173:
12112:
12086:
11973:
11945:
11914:
11903:
11693:
11642:
11619:
11608:
11572:
11562:
11317:
11177:Aminuddin (28 May 2015).
11025:dediarman (8 June 2014).
8731:10.1007/s10708-015-9692-9
8270:"Climate: Tanjung Pinang"
7917:Long, Nicholas J (2013),
7346:Trcocki, Carl A. (2007).
7256:10.1017/S002246340000518X
6812:(in French) (72): 31–54.
6360:– via Google Books.
5847:, other ethnic groups in
5647:Malay-populated countries
5484:Malay men performing the
4919:sub-groups (specifically
4561:Southern Malaysia Hokkien
4532:, a local variant of the
4064:
4056:
4051:
4041:
4036:
4026:
4021:
4011:
4006:
3996:
3991:
3981:
3976:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3709:is developing hangars in
3360:Perusahaan Listrik Negara
2850:to the south of the main
2815:, Singapore and mainland
2312:
2307:Afdeeling Poelau-Toedjoeh
1746:Afdeeling Poelau-Toedjoeh
1487:from the Dutch under the
1419: Indragiri Sultanate
678:
643:
621:
608:
579:
550:
539:
529:
519:
502:
456:
412:
365:
360:
352:
344:
334:
326:
321:
313:
305:
297:
287:
279:
274:
257:
242:
234:
229:
208:
198:
188:
180:
145:
136:
127:
113:
102:
84:
71:
62:
48:
11554:Regencies and cities of
11160:Wonderful Kepulauan Riau
10849:"Kebudayaan-melayu-riau"
9707:30 December 2007 at the
8831:Dunn, Andy (June 2000).
8543:. Prosea. Archived from
8353:PT Wahana Barelang, 2001
7350:. Singapura: NUS Press.
7191:Supreme Court, Singapore
7072:Andaya, Barbara (2003).
6952:. Taylor & Francis.
6819:10.4000/lerhistoria.3234
6009:a Malay-Minangkabau dish
5215:Sultanate of Riau-Lingga
4472:which means grandma and
3597:Singapore Changi Airport
3448:mobile telecommunication
3167: Agriculture (3.5%)
2214:Administrative divisions
2191:authority. Albeit he is
2138:Ministry of Home Affairs
1933:Central Sumatra Province
1043:Sultanate of Riau-Lingga
972:Another version is that
301:2−5 m (−14 ft)
72:Province of Riau Islands
52:
12127:Bangka Belitung Islands
11511:Bangka Belitung Islands
10773:"Religion in Indonesia"
10435:"Badan Pusat Statistik"
10410:"Badan Pusat Statistik"
9062:The Wall Street Journal
8890:Hiscock, Geoff (2012).
7845:"Konfrontasi Indonesia"
5450:. The custom attire of
5428:is often combined with
4969:Bangka Belitung Islands
3929:Anambas Islands Regency
3768:Singapore Cruise Centre
3472:
2793:Bangka Belitung Islands
2717:Anambas Islands Regency
2407:Human Development Index
2008:Indonesian Marine Corps
1805:Gerakan Kesultanan Riau
1019:Historical affiliations
857:Human Development Index
711:Bangka Belitung Islands
353: • Rank
348:260/km (680/sq mi)
77:Provinsi Kepulauan Riau
12560:Provinces of Indonesia
12080:Provinces of Indonesia
10039:dinkes.kepriprov.go.id
9989:dinkes.kepriprov.go.id
9702:VSL Indonesia projects
8784:"6.2 Natuna discovery"
8441:Cite journal requires
6990:10.3406/arch.1989.2567
6895:Tan Ding Eing (1978).
6855:10.3406/arch.2001.3612
6567:Hawk, Justice (2005).
6537:Ooi, Keat Gin (2004).
6459:British Malaya 1824–67
6448:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
6042:
6027:Laevistrombus canarium
5820:
5626:
5607:Melemang Bintan Penaga
5492:
5253:
5202:
5170:are the leader of the
4220:Transmigration program
4207:
3734:
3724:
3588:
3575:
3505:left-hand traffic rule
3485:
3355:
3222:
3115:Oncosperma tigillarium
3000:
2951:
2925:
2915:Singaporean government
2772:
2074:Sijori Growth Triangle
2063:Badan Pengusahan Batam
2037:
2024:special forces of the
1957:Indonesian Nationalism
1800:
1690:Royal Netherlands Navy
1669:
1547:
1430:
1297:
1188:
1095:
670:
513:Indonesia Western Time
457: • Languages
306:Highest elevation
107:
75:
54:
11206:"Teh Tarik Ala Kepri"
11156:"Local Favorite Food"
10786:Roza, Ellya; Yasnel.
10580:Chung, C. K. (2005).
10548:eresources.nlb.gov.sg
9753:heartlandoverseas.com
9747:Zach, Lion City Boy.
9677:HUMAS.KEPRIPROV.GO.ID
8837:Police Journal Online
7997:10.1353/prv.2006.0010
7979:Ananta, Aris (2006),
7764:Nordholt, pp. 447–448
7682:"Gerakan Sultan Riau"
6517:eresources.nlb.gov.sg
6474:. London: Routledge.
6457:Mills, L. A. (2003).
6185:Badan Pusat Statistik
6072:, which means tea in
6037:
5930:, usually fried with
5903:Selaroides leptolepis
5815:
5620:
5483:
5248:
5196:
5162:and others. Thus the
5130:A typical Riau Malay
4587:, which are based on
4379:mutually intelligible
4185:
4173:Indonesian Government
4111:Riau-Lingga Sultanate
3772:Tanjung Balai Karimun
3732:
3583:
3480:
3353:
3216:
2999:Coral Reef at Anambas
2998:
2946:
2923:
2911:Special economic zone
2770:
2763:Geography and Climate
2598:Tanjung Balai Karimun
2228:) and two autonomous
2177:Penyengat Inderasakti
2153:Riau-Lingga Sultanate
2146:2019 general election
2108:Politics of Indonesia
2043:30 September Movement
2035:
1937:daerah-daerah pulihan
1788:
1667:
1545:
1493:Hussein Shah of Johor
1427:Riau-Lingga Sultanate
1350:
1339:Riau-Lingga Sultanate
1295:
1219:of northern Sumatra.
1183:
1091:Republic of Indonesia
1021:
863:and East Kalimantan.
794:Riau-Lingga Sultanate
687:province of Indonesia
557:308.8 trillion (
413: • Religion
314:Lowest elevation
243: • Governor
27:Province of Indonesia
18:Riau Islands Province
12267:Lesser Sunda Islands
11897:Tambelan Archipelago
10758:8 April 2013 at the
10677:James Neil Sneddon.
8688:Statistics Indonesia
8659:Statistics Indonesia
7335:on 11 November 2007.
7197:on 27 September 2007
6751:Da Ásia, Década Nona
6736:Da Ásia, Década Nona
6429:4 March 2018 at the
5893:Sardinella longiceps
5189:Arts and performance
4963:, which is based in
4939:, and migrants from
4640:Minangkabau language
3869:compulsory education
3688:Raden Sadjad Airport
3558:transportation route
3443:on 14 October 2019.
3173: Others (18.4%)
3102:Natuna Island surili
3033:administration, the
2807:and the province of
2201:Yang Dipertuan Muda,
1271:Abdul Jalil Shah III
1170:Kingdom of Singapura
1057:1911–1942; 1945–1949
976:is derived from the
957:comes from the word
930:is derived from the
808:(1942–1945) and the
586:141.7 million (
531:Vehicle registration
345: • Density
317:0 m (0 ft)
216:regencies and cities
12099:) •
11166:on 8 December 2015.
9947:. 11 February 2014.
9873:. 10 September 2019
9784:Wonderful Indonesia
8870:Offshore Technology
8833:"Two-Way Tolerance"
8197:UU No. 7 Tahun 2017
7686:Tanjung Pinang Post
7378:on 14 November 2014
7043:"A Game of Thrones"
5825:Peninsular Malaysia
5639:Peninsular Malaysia
5166:accompanied by the
5085:, Christianity and
4817:diverse, including
4804:, from Europe with
4623:, especially their
4553:Peninsular Malaysia
4429:Peninsular Malaysia
4299:appears in 1225 in
4269:traditional Chinese
4123:are Malays who are
4119:(sea people). The
3562:Batam-Bintan Bridge
3517:cable-stayed bridge
3285:decreased in 2011.
3161: Retail (8.8%)
3078:Cheilinus undulatus
2813:Peninsular Malaysia
2181:Yang Dipertuan Muda
2004:Peninsular Malaysia
1891:Bendera Merah-Putih
1555:meant a journey to
1529:Tengku Abdul Rahman
1489:Treaty of The Hague
1474:Yang Dipertuan Muda
1254:or Johor's capital
1031:Sultanate of Johore
571:64.9 billion (
361:Demographics (2009)
161: /
12361:Western New Guinea
12323:Southeast Sulawesi
12285:West Nusa Tenggara
12280:East Nusa Tenggara
12237:Central Kalimantan
12105:under construction
11063:on 22 October 2019
10633:on 11 October 2017
10148:on 20 October 2019
10066:. 7 September 2018
9648:BPS Kepulauan Riau
9580:Rahman, Adi Fida.
9065:. 17 November 2015
9009:. 13 November 2012
8661:. 1 September 2014
8521:. 10 December 2014
8379:. 25 December 2017
7843:Perdana, Imantri.
6724:Couto, pp. 473–503
6608:on 4 November 2010
6470:Brown, I. (2009).
6043:
5821:
5707:Traditional weapon
5683:with the kitchen.
5627:
5493:
5254:
5203:
4953:East Nusa Tenggara
4796:, from China with
4517:introduced by the
4452:dialect spoken in
4397:is similar to the
4375:varieties of Malay
4283:in 1320. In 1325,
4265:simplified Chinese
4208:
4149:Malaysia Peninsula
4137:Tudjuh Archipelago
3735:
3589:
3554:tourist attraction
3486:
3356:
3223:
3012:, a survey by the
3001:
2952:
2926:
2856:Tudjuh Archipelago
2773:
2299:Tudjuh Archipelago
2173:Head of Government
2126:universal suffrage
2038:
1801:
1738:Tudjuh Archipelago
1670:
1617:passive resistance
1615:. Non-violent and
1548:
1527:Under the treaty,
1501:Congress of Vienna
1431:
1298:
1267:Portuguese Malacca
1244:Straits of Malacca
1229:After the fall of
1189:
839: 72,571,750 (
717:to the northeast,
580: - Per capita
327: • Total
280: • Total
12481:
12480:
12442:Current governors
12046:
12045:
11652:
11651:
11521:
11520:
11516:
11515:
10847:Annisa, Pahlevi.
10064:Antara News Kepri
9925:on 17 August 2016
9899:. 22 October 2019
9840:(in Indonesian).
9588:(in Indonesian).
9561:. 14 October 2019
9507:Antara News Kepri
9301:. 12 October 2019
9195:Antara News Kepri
9119:Tanjungpinang Pos
8467:The Straits Times
8110:Antara News Kepri
7985:Population Review
7928:978-9971-69-769-3
7591:Jantungmelayu.com
7564:Jantungmelayu.com
7503:TanjungPinang Pos
7473:TanjungPinang Pos
7016:978-0-86442-393-1
6780:978-1-897643-27-3
6664:978-981-3018-54-9
6480:978-1-85743-215-2
6378:. 4 December 2019
6272:978-967-933-717-4
5914:(squid) or small
5898:ikan selar kuning
5776:Badik Tumbuk Lado
5735:Badik Tumbuk Lado
5730:Badik Tumbuk Lado
5712:Badik Tumbuk Lado
5473:. For women, the
5368:southern Thailand
5267:Brunei Darussalam
5252:dancers in Bintan
5140:. Presently, the
4882:Arabian Peninsula
4686:Chinese varieties
4632:Javanese language
4589:Zhangzhou dialect
4468:which means you,
4415:of the province.
4257:. The mention of
4069:
4068:
3861:Kementerian Agama
3368:steam power plant
3294:natural gas field
3181:Strait of Malacca
3106:Presbytis natunae
2744:
2743:
2189:Dutch East Indies
2144:(PDIP) after the
1997:Indonesian rupiah
1992:Indonesian rupiah
1949:Malay Nationalist
1796:The Straits Times
1613:Malay nationalism
1449:slave lady and a
1367:British influence
1343:Dutch East Indies
1304:aristocrats from
1265:With the fall of
1197:Malacca Sultanate
1160:According to the
1055:Dutch East Indies
1014:Pre-sultanate era
940:Malacca Sultanate
782:Dutch East Indies
725:to the east, and
659:
658:
566:20.8 billion
472:
465:
356:10th in Indonesia
339:27th in Indonesia
335: • Rank
292:35th in Indonesia
288: • Rank
235: • Body
184:24 September 2002
165:3.933°N 108.150°E
16:(Redirected from
12577:
12522:
12521:
12520:
12510:
12509:
12508:
12498:
12497:
12489:
12403:Former provinces
12303:Central Sulawesi
12252:South Kalimantan
12247:North Kalimantan
12179:
12073:
12066:
12059:
12050:
12049:
11924:Bunguran Islands
11909:
11695:Riau Archipelago
11685:Main islands of
11679:
11672:
11665:
11656:
11655:
11614:
11548:
11541:
11534:
11525:
11524:
11509:
11507:
11506:
11492:
11490:
11489:
11475:
11473:
11472:
11463:
11461:
11460:
11445:
11444:
11431:
11429:
11428:
11419:
11417:
11416:
11404:
11403:
11396:
11395:
11385:
11383:
11382:
11367:
11366:
11343:
11341:
11340:
11333:
11332:
11324:Singapore Strait
11320:
11306:
11299:
11292:
11283:
11282:
11264:
11248:
11247:
11245:
11243:
11228:
11222:
11221:
11219:
11217:
11201:
11195:
11194:
11192:
11190:
11174:
11168:
11167:
11162:. Archived from
11152:
11146:
11145:
11143:
11141:
11131:
11125:
11124:
11122:
11120:
11105:
11094:
11093:
11091:
11089:
11079:
11073:
11072:
11070:
11068:
11049:
11043:
11042:
11040:
11038:
11022:
11016:
11015:
11013:
11011:
10996:
10990:
10989:
10987:
10985:
10974:
10968:
10967:
10965:
10963:
10948:
10942:
10941:
10939:
10937:
10932:on 17 April 2019
10928:. Archived from
10917:
10911:
10910:
10908:
10906:
10890:
10884:
10883:
10863:
10857:
10856:
10855:(in Indonesian).
10844:
10829:
10828:
10826:
10824:
10808:
10802:
10801:
10799:
10797:
10792:
10783:
10777:
10776:
10769:
10763:
10750:
10744:
10743:
10735:
10729:
10728:
10726:
10724:
10709:
10703:
10697:
10691:
10688:
10682:
10675:
10669:
10668:
10666:
10664:
10649:
10643:
10642:
10640:
10638:
10632:
10625:
10617:
10611:
10610:
10608:
10606:
10591:
10585:
10578:
10572:
10565:
10559:
10558:
10556:
10554:
10540:
10534:
10531:
10525:
10522:
10516:
10513:
10507:
10506:
10504:
10502:
10487:
10481:
10471:
10465:
10464:
10456:
10450:
10449:
10447:
10445:
10431:
10425:
10424:
10422:
10420:
10406:
10400:
10399:
10397:
10395:
10390:
10381:
10375:
10374:
10372:
10370:
10356:
10350:
10349:
10347:
10345:
10331:
10325:
10324:
10322:
10320:
10306:
10300:
10299:
10297:
10295:
10289:stainkepri.ac.id
10281:
10275:
10274:
10272:
10270:
10256:
10250:
10249:
10247:
10245:
10231:
10225:
10224:
10222:
10220:
10210:
10204:
10203:
10201:
10199:
10189:
10183:
10182:
10180:
10178:
10164:
10158:
10157:
10155:
10153:
10144:. Archived from
10134:
10128:
10127:
10125:
10123:
10108:
10102:
10101:
10099:
10097:
10082:
10076:
10075:
10073:
10071:
10056:
10050:
10049:
10047:
10045:
10031:
10025:
10024:
10022:
10020:
10006:
10000:
9999:
9997:
9995:
9981:
9975:
9974:
9972:
9970:
9955:
9949:
9948:
9941:
9935:
9934:
9932:
9930:
9921:. Archived from
9915:
9909:
9908:
9906:
9904:
9889:
9883:
9882:
9880:
9878:
9863:
9857:
9856:
9854:
9852:
9829:
9823:
9822:
9820:
9818:
9803:
9797:
9796:
9794:
9792:
9775:
9769:
9768:
9766:
9764:
9755:. Archived from
9744:
9738:
9737:
9735:
9733:
9718:
9712:
9699:
9693:
9692:
9690:
9688:
9683:on 6 August 2020
9669:
9660:
9659:
9657:
9655:
9645:
9637:
9631:
9630:
9628:
9626:
9611:
9605:
9604:
9602:
9600:
9577:
9571:
9570:
9568:
9566:
9551:
9545:
9544:
9542:
9540:
9525:
9519:
9518:
9516:
9514:
9499:
9493:
9492:
9490:
9488:
9473:
9467:
9466:
9464:
9462:
9447:
9441:
9440:
9438:
9436:
9421:
9415:
9414:
9412:
9410:
9395:
9389:
9388:
9386:
9384:
9369:
9363:
9362:
9360:
9358:
9353:. 25 August 2019
9343:
9337:
9336:
9334:
9332:
9317:
9311:
9310:
9308:
9306:
9299:Republika Online
9291:
9285:
9284:
9282:
9280:
9265:
9259:
9258:
9256:
9254:
9239:
9233:
9232:
9230:
9228:
9213:
9207:
9206:
9204:
9202:
9197:. 10 August 2019
9187:
9181:
9180:
9178:
9176:
9170:
9162:
9156:
9155:
9153:
9151:
9137:
9131:
9130:
9128:
9126:
9110:
9101:
9100:
9098:
9096:
9081:
9075:
9074:
9072:
9070:
9053:
9047:
9046:
9044:
9042:
9035:The Jakarta Post
9025:
9019:
9018:
9016:
9014:
8999:
8993:
8992:
8990:
8988:
8981:The Jakarta Post
8971:
8965:
8964:
8962:
8960:
8953:The Jakarta Post
8943:
8934:
8933:
8931:
8929:
8914:
8908:
8907:
8887:
8881:
8880:
8878:
8876:
8862:
8853:
8852:
8850:
8848:
8828:
8822:
8821:
8815:
8807:
8805:
8803:
8779:
8770:
8769:
8767:
8765:
8750:
8744:
8743:
8733:
8709:
8703:
8702:
8700:
8698:
8690:(27 July 2018).
8684:
8671:
8670:
8668:
8666:
8656:
8647:
8628:
8627:
8625:
8623:
8617:
8611:. Archived from
8610:
8601:
8592:
8591:
8589:
8587:
8576:
8570:
8563:
8557:
8556:
8554:
8552:
8537:
8531:
8530:
8528:
8526:
8511:
8505:
8504:
8502:
8500:
8485:
8479:
8478:
8476:
8474:
8457:
8451:
8450:
8444:
8439:
8437:
8429:
8421:
8415:
8414:
8412:
8410:
8395:
8389:
8388:
8386:
8384:
8377:Republika Online
8369:
8363:
8360:
8354:
8351:
8345:
8344:
8342:
8340:
8335:
8326:
8313:
8310:
8304:
8303:
8301:
8299:
8288:
8282:
8281:
8279:
8277:
8266:
8260:
8259:
8257:
8255:
8232:
8226:
8225:
8223:
8221:
8206:
8200:
8195:Law No. 7/2017 (
8193:
8187:
8186:
8175:
8169:
8166:
8160:
8157:
8148:
8147:
8128:
8122:
8121:
8119:
8117:
8112:. 17 August 2019
8102:
8096:
8091:
8085:
8084:
8064:
8058:
8055:
8049:
8048:
8021:
8015:
8014:
8013:
8011:
7976:
7970:
7969:
7963:
7955:
7954:
7952:
7938:
7932:
7931:
7914:
7908:
7907:
7889:
7883:
7882:
7880:
7878:
7862:
7853:
7852:
7840:
7834:
7833:
7831:
7829:
7824:
7815:
7809:
7808:
7798:
7792:
7791:
7789:
7787:
7771:
7765:
7762:
7756:
7755:
7735:
7729:
7728:
7708:
7702:
7701:
7699:
7697:
7678:
7672:
7671:
7664:
7655:
7654:
7652:
7650:
7645:on 13 April 2015
7635:
7629:
7628:
7626:
7624:
7609:
7603:
7602:
7600:
7598:
7582:
7576:
7575:
7573:
7571:
7555:
7549:
7548:
7546:
7544:
7525:
7519:
7518:
7516:
7514:
7495:
7489:
7488:
7486:
7484:
7465:
7459:
7458:
7456:
7454:
7439:
7433:
7432:
7420:
7414:
7413:
7411:
7409:
7394:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7383:
7368:
7362:
7361:
7343:
7337:
7336:
7325:
7319:
7316:
7310:
7304:
7298:
7297:
7290:
7284:
7283:
7239:
7233:
7232:
7230:
7228:
7213:
7207:
7206:
7204:
7202:
7193:. Archived from
7183:
7174:
7173:
7171:
7169:
7154:
7145:
7138:
7132:
7131:
7129:
7118:
7112:
7111:
7109:
7107:
7092:
7086:
7085:
7069:
7063:
7062:
7060:
7058:
7049:. Archived from
7039:
7033:
7030:Ahmad Sarji 2011
7027:
7021:
7020:
7000:
6994:
6993:
6973:
6964:
6963:
6943:
6937:
6936:
6934:
6932:
6917:
6911:
6910:
6892:
6886:
6885:
6865:
6859:
6858:
6838:
6832:
6831:
6821:
6801:
6795:
6789:
6783:
6761:
6755:
6746:
6740:
6731:
6725:
6722:
6716:
6715:
6703:
6694:
6688:
6682:
6675:
6669:
6668:
6650:
6644:
6643:
6629:The Malay Annals
6624:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6613:
6598:
6592:
6591:
6589:
6587:
6564:
6555:
6554:
6534:
6528:
6527:
6525:
6523:
6509:
6503:
6502:
6500:
6498:
6488:
6482:
6468:
6462:
6455:
6449:
6440:
6434:
6421:
6410:
6394:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6383:
6376:Bisnis Indonesia
6368:
6362:
6361:
6341:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6330:
6319:
6313:
6307:
6301:
6300:
6298:
6296:
6281:
6275:
6264:
6258:
6253:
6231:
6225:
6224:
6217:
6211:
6210:
6199:
6193:
6192:
6181:
6175:
6174:
6167:
6161:
6158:
6018:
6000:
5982:
5967:
5728:. No wonder the
5698:house. The name
5667:Riau Archipelago
5635:Riau Archipelago
5573:or maracas. The
5211:Penyengat Island
5079:culture of Islam
5044:
5032:
5017:
5007:Penyengat Island
5002:
4776:
4766:
4756:
4746:
4736:
4726:
4716:
4565:Quanzhou dialect
4498:Terengganu Malay
4478:Terengganu Malay
4352:South Kalimantan
4205:
4200:Singapore Strait
4107:Riau Archipelago
3949:
3948:
3790:) and Malaysia (
3715:Garuda Indonesia
3550:industrial sites
3501:dual carriageway
3457:Telkom Indonesia
3221:, Lingga Islands
3172:
3166:
3160:
3154:
3148:
3142:
2852:Riau Archipelago
2811:in the east and
2739:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2700:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2659:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2617:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2576:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2537:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2500:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2412:
2411:
2401:) and the city (
2388:
2377:
2366:
2355:
2344:
2333:
2322:
2317:
2316:
1963:Contemporary era
1929:Keresidenan Riau
1909:
1908:
1906:Chinese kapitans
1694:Penyengat Island
1524:Singapore Strait
1518:This led to the
1513:Van Der Capellen
1424:
1418:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1393:
1384:
1375:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1323:Penyengat Island
1287:Riau Archipelago
1089:
1088:
1087:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1029:
1028:
1027:
747:Riau Archipelago
680:
655:
652:
650:
639:
631:
630:
616:
615:
474:Other languages:
470:
463:
369:
270:
176:
175:
173:
172:
171:
166:
162:
159:
158:
157:
154:
132:
115:
110:
92:
80:
78:
57:
46:
45:
32:Riau Archipelago
21:
12585:
12584:
12580:
12579:
12578:
12576:
12575:
12574:
12555:South China Sea
12530:
12529:
12528:
12518:
12516:
12506:
12504:
12492:
12484:
12482:
12477:
12476:
12429:
12415:Central Sumatra
12398:
12389:Southwest Papua
12355:
12332:
12289:
12261:
12257:West Kalimantan
12242:East Kalimantan
12223:
12180:
12171:
12108:
12082:
12077:
12047:
12042:
11969:
11947:Anambas Islands
11941:
11910:
11901:
11790:Belakang Padang
11689:
11683:
11653:
11648:
11638:
11615:
11606:
11582:Anambas Islands
11568:
11558:
11552:
11522:
11517:
11504:
11502:
11501:
11499:Karimata Strait
11487:
11485:
11484:
11482:Karimata Strait
11470:
11468:
11467:
11458:
11456:
11455:
11453:Karimata Strait
11433:West Kalimantan
11426:
11424:
11423:
11414:
11412:
11411:
11409:Karimata Strait
11405:
11380:
11378:
11377:
11375:Karimata Strait
11355:South China Sea
11350:South China Sea
11338:
11336:
11335:
11327:
11326:
11313:
11310:
11257:
11252:
11251:
11241:
11239:
11238:(in Indonesian)
11230:
11229:
11225:
11215:
11213:
11202:
11198:
11188:
11186:
11185:(in Indonesian)
11175:
11171:
11154:
11153:
11149:
11139:
11137:
11133:
11132:
11128:
11118:
11116:
11107:
11106:
11097:
11087:
11085:
11081:
11080:
11076:
11066:
11064:
11051:
11050:
11046:
11036:
11034:
11023:
11019:
11009:
11007:
10998:
10997:
10993:
10983:
10981:
10980:(in Indonesian)
10976:
10975:
10971:
10961:
10959:
10958:(in Indonesian)
10950:
10949:
10945:
10935:
10933:
10918:
10914:
10904:
10902:
10891:
10887:
10880:
10864:
10860:
10845:
10832:
10822:
10820:
10819:(in Indonesian)
10809:
10805:
10795:
10793:
10790:
10784:
10780:
10771:
10770:
10766:
10760:Wayback Machine
10751:
10747:
10736:
10732:
10722:
10720:
10711:
10710:
10706:
10698:
10694:
10689:
10685:
10676:
10672:
10662:
10660:
10650:
10646:
10636:
10634:
10630:
10623:
10619:
10618:
10614:
10604:
10602:
10592:
10588:
10579:
10575:
10566:
10562:
10552:
10550:
10542:
10541:
10537:
10532:
10528:
10523:
10519:
10514:
10510:
10500:
10498:
10488:
10484:
10472:
10468:
10457:
10453:
10443:
10441:
10433:
10432:
10428:
10418:
10416:
10408:
10407:
10403:
10393:
10391:
10388:
10382:
10378:
10368:
10366:
10364:kepri.bps.go.id
10358:
10357:
10353:
10343:
10341:
10339:kepri.bps.go.id
10333:
10332:
10328:
10318:
10316:
10314:kepri.bps.go.id
10308:
10307:
10303:
10293:
10291:
10283:
10282:
10278:
10268:
10266:
10258:
10257:
10253:
10243:
10241:
10239:Sekolah Djuwita
10233:
10232:
10228:
10218:
10216:
10212:
10211:
10207:
10197:
10195:
10191:
10190:
10186:
10176:
10174:
10166:
10165:
10161:
10151:
10149:
10136:
10135:
10131:
10121:
10119:
10110:
10109:
10105:
10095:
10093:
10092:(in Indonesian)
10090:batamnews.co.id
10084:
10083:
10079:
10069:
10067:
10058:
10057:
10053:
10043:
10041:
10033:
10032:
10028:
10018:
10016:
10014:kepri.bps.go.id
10008:
10007:
10003:
9993:
9991:
9983:
9982:
9978:
9968:
9966:
9957:
9956:
9952:
9943:
9942:
9938:
9928:
9926:
9917:
9916:
9912:
9902:
9900:
9891:
9890:
9886:
9876:
9874:
9865:
9864:
9860:
9850:
9848:
9832:Hamdani, Trio.
9830:
9826:
9816:
9814:
9804:
9800:
9790:
9788:
9777:
9776:
9772:
9762:
9760:
9745:
9741:
9731:
9729:
9719:
9715:
9709:Wayback Machine
9700:
9696:
9686:
9684:
9671:
9670:
9663:
9653:
9651:
9643:
9639:
9638:
9634:
9624:
9622:
9621:(in Indonesian)
9613:
9612:
9608:
9598:
9596:
9578:
9574:
9564:
9562:
9553:
9552:
9548:
9538:
9536:
9527:
9526:
9522:
9512:
9510:
9501:
9500:
9496:
9486:
9484:
9475:
9474:
9470:
9460:
9458:
9449:
9448:
9444:
9434:
9432:
9423:
9422:
9418:
9408:
9406:
9397:
9396:
9392:
9382:
9380:
9371:
9370:
9366:
9356:
9354:
9345:
9344:
9340:
9330:
9328:
9327:. 20 March 2019
9319:
9318:
9314:
9304:
9302:
9293:
9292:
9288:
9278:
9276:
9267:
9266:
9262:
9252:
9250:
9241:
9240:
9236:
9226:
9224:
9215:
9214:
9210:
9200:
9198:
9189:
9188:
9184:
9174:
9172:
9168:
9164:
9163:
9159:
9149:
9147:
9139:
9138:
9134:
9124:
9122:
9121:(in Indonesian)
9111:
9104:
9094:
9092:
9083:
9082:
9078:
9068:
9066:
9055:
9054:
9050:
9040:
9038:
9026:
9022:
9012:
9010:
9007:2b1stconsulting
9001:
9000:
8996:
8986:
8984:
8972:
8968:
8958:
8956:
8944:
8937:
8927:
8925:
8915:
8911:
8904:
8888:
8884:
8874:
8872:
8864:
8863:
8856:
8846:
8844:
8829:
8825:
8809:
8808:
8801:
8799:
8780:
8773:
8763:
8761:
8752:
8751:
8747:
8710:
8706:
8696:
8694:
8685:
8674:
8664:
8662:
8654:
8649:
8648:
8631:
8621:
8619:
8618:on 19 July 2020
8615:
8608:
8602:
8595:
8585:
8583:
8578:
8577:
8573:
8564:
8560:
8550:
8548:
8547:on 17 July 2011
8539:
8538:
8534:
8524:
8522:
8513:
8512:
8508:
8498:
8496:
8486:
8482:
8472:
8470:
8458:
8454:
8442:
8440:
8431:
8430:
8422:
8418:
8408:
8406:
8405:. 16 March 2019
8397:
8396:
8392:
8382:
8380:
8371:
8370:
8366:
8361:
8357:
8352:
8348:
8338:
8336:
8333:
8327:
8316:
8311:
8307:
8297:
8295:
8290:
8289:
8285:
8275:
8273:
8268:
8267:
8263:
8253:
8251:
8235:Hamdani, Trio.
8233:
8229:
8219:
8217:
8208:
8207:
8203:
8194:
8190:
8183:kepri.bps.go.id
8177:
8176:
8172:
8167:
8163:
8158:
8151:
8144:
8130:
8129:
8125:
8115:
8113:
8104:
8103:
8099:
8092:
8088:
8081:
8065:
8061:
8056:
8052:
8022:
8018:
8009:
8007:
7977:
7973:
7957:
7956:
7950:
7948:
7939:
7935:
7929:
7915:
7911:
7904:
7890:
7886:
7876:
7874:
7873:(in Indonesian)
7863:
7856:
7841:
7837:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7816:
7812:
7799:
7795:
7785:
7783:
7782:(in Indonesian)
7772:
7768:
7763:
7759:
7752:
7736:
7732:
7725:
7709:
7705:
7695:
7693:
7692:on 2 April 2015
7680:
7679:
7675:
7666:
7665:
7658:
7648:
7646:
7637:
7636:
7632:
7622:
7620:
7619:on 2 April 2015
7611:
7610:
7606:
7596:
7594:
7593:(in Indonesian)
7583:
7579:
7569:
7567:
7566:(in Indonesian)
7556:
7552:
7542:
7540:
7539:on 2 April 2015
7527:
7526:
7522:
7512:
7510:
7509:on 26 June 2019
7497:
7496:
7492:
7482:
7480:
7479:on 26 June 2019
7467:
7466:
7462:
7452:
7450:
7441:
7440:
7436:
7421:
7417:
7407:
7405:
7404:on 2 April 2015
7396:
7395:
7391:
7381:
7379:
7370:
7369:
7365:
7358:
7344:
7340:
7327:
7326:
7322:
7317:
7313:
7305:
7301:
7292:
7291:
7287:
7240:
7236:
7226:
7224:
7215:
7214:
7210:
7200:
7198:
7185:
7184:
7177:
7167:
7165:
7155:
7148:
7139:
7135:
7127:
7119:
7115:
7105:
7103:
7094:
7093:
7089:
7070:
7066:
7056:
7054:
7041:
7040:
7036:
7028:
7024:
7017:
7001:
6997:
6974:
6967:
6960:
6944:
6940:
6930:
6928:
6926:Colonial Voyage
6918:
6914:
6907:
6893:
6889:
6882:
6866:
6862:
6839:
6835:
6802:
6798:
6790:
6786:
6762:
6758:
6748:Diogo do Couto
6747:
6743:
6733:Diogo do Couto
6732:
6728:
6723:
6719:
6704:
6697:
6689:
6685:
6676:
6672:
6665:
6651:
6647:
6640:
6626:
6625:
6621:
6611:
6609:
6600:
6599:
6595:
6585:
6583:
6581:
6565:
6558:
6551:
6535:
6531:
6521:
6519:
6511:
6510:
6506:
6496:
6494:
6490:
6489:
6485:
6469:
6465:
6456:
6452:
6441:
6437:
6431:Wayback Machine
6422:
6413:
6395:
6391:
6381:
6379:
6370:
6369:
6365:
6358:
6342:
6338:
6328:
6326:
6325:(in Indonesian)
6321:
6320:
6316:
6308:
6304:
6294:
6292:
6291:on 2 April 2015
6283:
6282:
6278:
6265:
6261:
6250:
6232:
6228:
6219:
6218:
6214:
6200:
6196:
6182:
6178:
6169:
6168:
6164:
6159:
6146:
6141:
6030:
6019:
6010:
6001:
5992:
5983:
5974:
5968:
5955:
5810:
5804:
5709:
5615:
5565:medium through
5486:Silat Pengantin
5295:West Kalimantan
5191:
5055:
5048:
5045:
5036:
5033:
5024:
5018:
5009:
5003:
4899:Nahdlatul Ulama
4785:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4774:
4772:
4764:
4762:
4754:
4752:
4744:
4742:
4734:
4732:
4724:
4722:
4714:
4706:
4537:Chinese variety
4494:Malay Peninsula
4458:Bangka-Belitung
4454:West Kalimantan
4450:Pontianak Malay
4420:Karimun Regency
4368:
4234:. Owing to its
4203:
4071:
4070:
4062:
4049:
4034:
4019:
4004:
3989:
3974:
3945:
3917:
3873:Islamic schools
3841:
3835:
3800:
3727:
3705:is fully used,
3684:Anambas Islands
3578:
3521:Barelang Bridge
3483:Barelang Bridge
3475:
3470:
3446:Presently, the
3424:
3348:
3339:
3311:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3132:
3080:), which is an
3074:Humphead wrasse
3063:Lutjanus gibbus
3039:Indonesian Navy
3023:Illegal fishing
2993:
2981:South China Sea
2965:South China Sea
2949:Anambas Islands
2907:Karimata Strait
2899:South China Sea
2868:Anambas Islands
2809:West Kalimantan
2765:
2760:
2737:
2711:
2709:
2698:
2670:
2668:
2657:
2628:
2626:
2615:
2593:Karimun Regency
2587:
2585:
2574:
2548:
2546:
2535:
2511:
2509:
2498:
2496:
2473:
2471:
2456:
2454:
2449:
2447:
2442:
2440:
2430:
2424:
2422:
2416:
2397:The regencies (
2395:
2394:
2393:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2320:
2314:
2310:
2222:
2216:
2110:
2104:
2099:
2026:Indonesian Navy
1971:
1965:
1895:Indonesian Flag
1882:would give the
1793:" published in
1764:
1756:Main articles:
1754:
1625:leidelek verset
1537:Puppet monarchs
1429:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1414:
1410:Dutch influence
1402:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1391:
1389:
1382:
1380:
1378:Johor Sultanate
1373:
1371:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1345:
1337:Main articles:
1335:
1217:Acheh Sultanate
1213:Johor Sultanate
1185:Pulau Penyengat
1178:
1122:(960–1127). An
1096:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1067:Empire of Japan
1061:
1059:
1058:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1011:
988:in present-day
920:
845:East Kalimantan
825:free trade zone
806:Japanese Empire
778:Johor Sultanate
759:South China Sea
739:Malay Peninsula
723:West Kalimantan
647:
637:
596:
591:
567:
562:
475:
473:
466:
452:
408:
367:
264:
262:Marlin Agustina
169:
167:
163:
160:
155:
152:
150:
148:
147:
141:
140:
123:
121:
112:
103:Motto(s):
98:
97:
96:
95:
76:
73:
67:
58:
51:
44:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12583:
12573:
12572:
12567:
12562:
12557:
12552:
12547:
12542:
12527:
12526:
12514:
12502:
12479:
12478:
12475:
12474:
12469:
12464:
12459:
12454:
12452:GRP per capita
12449:
12444:
12438:
12434:
12431:
12430:
12428:
12427:
12417:
12412:
12406:
12404:
12400:
12399:
12397:
12396:
12391:
12386:
12381:
12376:
12374:Highland Papua
12371:
12365:
12363:
12357:
12356:
12354:
12353:
12348:
12342:
12340:
12338:Maluku Islands
12334:
12333:
12331:
12330:
12325:
12320:
12318:South Sulawesi
12315:
12313:North Sulawesi
12310:
12305:
12299:
12297:
12291:
12290:
12288:
12287:
12282:
12277:
12271:
12269:
12263:
12262:
12260:
12259:
12254:
12249:
12244:
12239:
12233:
12231:
12225:
12224:
12222:
12221:
12216:
12211:
12206:
12201:
12196:
12190:
12188:
12182:
12181:
12174:
12172:
12170:
12169:
12164:
12159:
12154:
12149:
12144:
12139:
12134:
12129:
12124:
12118:
12116:
12110:
12109:
12087:
12084:
12083:
12076:
12075:
12068:
12061:
12053:
12044:
12043:
12041:
12040:
12035:
12030:
12025:
12020:
12015:
12010:
12005:
12000:
11995:
11990:
11985:
11979:
11977:
11975:Lingga Islands
11971:
11970:
11968:
11967:
11962:
11957:
11951:
11949:
11943:
11942:
11940:
11939:
11933:
11932:
11931:
11920:
11918:
11916:Natuna Islands
11912:
11911:
11904:
11902:
11900:
11899:
11894:
11881:
11876:
11871:
11866:
11861:
11859:Little Karimun
11856:
11851:
11846:
11841:
11836:
11830:
11825:Karimun Group:
11822:
11817:
11812:
11807:
11802:
11797:
11792:
11787:
11782:
11777:
11758:
11753:
11748:
11743:
11738:
11733:
11728:
11723:
11718:
11713:
11708:
11699:
11697:
11691:
11690:
11682:
11681:
11674:
11667:
11659:
11650:
11649:
11643:
11640:
11639:
11637:
11636:
11631:
11625:
11623:
11617:
11616:
11609:
11607:
11605:
11604:
11599:
11594:
11589:
11584:
11578:
11576:
11570:
11569:
11563:
11560:
11559:
11551:
11550:
11543:
11536:
11528:
11519:
11518:
11514:
11513:
11496:
11479:
11449:
11448:
11446:
11439:
11436:
11435:
11406:
11391:
11389:
11371:
11370:
11368:
11361:
11358:
11357:
11352:
11347:
11318:
11315:
11314:
11309:
11308:
11301:
11294:
11286:
11280:
11279:
11274:
11269:
11256:
11255:External links
11253:
11250:
11249:
11223:
11196:
11169:
11147:
11126:
11095:
11074:
11044:
11017:
10991:
10969:
10943:
10912:
10885:
10878:
10858:
10830:
10803:
10778:
10764:
10745:
10730:
10704:
10692:
10683:
10670:
10644:
10612:
10586:
10573:
10560:
10535:
10526:
10524:Lenhart (2004)
10517:
10508:
10482:
10466:
10451:
10426:
10401:
10376:
10351:
10326:
10301:
10276:
10251:
10226:
10205:
10184:
10159:
10129:
10118:. 26 June 2013
10103:
10077:
10051:
10026:
10001:
9976:
9950:
9936:
9910:
9884:
9858:
9824:
9798:
9787:. 8 April 2019
9770:
9759:on 27 May 2019
9739:
9713:
9694:
9661:
9632:
9606:
9572:
9546:
9520:
9509:. 19 July 2019
9494:
9468:
9442:
9431:. 23 July 2019
9416:
9390:
9364:
9338:
9312:
9286:
9260:
9234:
9208:
9182:
9157:
9132:
9102:
9076:
9048:
9020:
8994:
8966:
8935:
8909:
8902:
8882:
8854:
8823:
8771:
8758:batampos.co.id
8745:
8724:(3): 475–492.
8704:
8672:
8629:
8593:
8571:
8558:
8532:
8506:
8480:
8452:
8443:|journal=
8416:
8390:
8364:
8362:Dasminto, 2003
8355:
8346:
8314:
8305:
8283:
8272:. AmbiWeb GmbH
8261:
8227:
8201:
8188:
8170:
8161:
8149:
8142:
8123:
8097:
8086:
8079:
8059:
8050:
8016:
7971:
7933:
7927:
7909:
7902:
7884:
7854:
7835:
7810:
7793:
7766:
7757:
7750:
7730:
7723:
7703:
7673:
7656:
7630:
7604:
7577:
7550:
7520:
7490:
7460:
7447:kompasiana.com
7434:
7415:
7389:
7363:
7356:
7338:
7320:
7311:
7299:
7285:
7234:
7221:kompasiana.com
7208:
7175:
7146:
7133:
7113:
7087:
7064:
7053:on 26 May 2019
7034:
7022:
7015:
6995:
6984:(1): 153–172.
6965:
6958:
6938:
6912:
6906:978-0195807226
6905:
6887:
6880:
6860:
6833:
6796:
6784:
6756:
6741:
6726:
6717:
6695:
6683:
6670:
6663:
6645:
6638:
6619:
6593:
6579:
6556:
6549:
6529:
6504:
6483:
6463:
6450:
6435:
6411:
6389:
6363:
6356:
6336:
6314:
6302:
6276:
6259:
6248:
6226:
6212:
6194:
6176:
6162:
6143:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6105:Tanjung Pinang
6089:Southeast Asia
6055:Sup Ikan Batam
6032:
6031:
6020:
6013:
6011:
6005:Sop Asam Pedas
6002:
5995:
5993:
5986:Sop Ikan Batam
5984:
5977:
5975:
5969:
5962:
5960:
5806:Main article:
5803:
5800:
5708:
5705:
5696:Bumbung Melayu
5614:
5611:
5490:Lingga Islands
5465:Teluk Belangga
5456:Teluk Belangga
5422:Teluk Belangga
5407:Teluk Belanga.
5190:
5187:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5049:
5046:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5027:
5025:
5019:
5012:
5010:
5004:
4997:
4965:Pangkal-Pinang
4941:North Sulawesi
4773:
4763:
4753:
4749:Roman catholic
4743:
4733:
4723:
4713:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4682:Chinese people
4678:Tanjung Pinang
4666:administration
4642:spoken by the
4634:spoken by the
4581:Penang Hokkien
4438:Lingga Regency
4433:Bintan Regency
4391:Tanjung Pinang
4383:Malay language
4367:
4364:
4360:South Sulawesi
4317:Tanjung Pinang
4240:Tanjung Pinang
4186:Chinese junks
4067:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4009:
4008:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3994:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3916:
3913:
3837:Main article:
3834:
3831:
3799:
3796:
3726:
3723:
3692:Natuna Islands
3676:Letung Airport
3637:Changi Airport
3577:
3574:
3556:rather than a
3474:
3471:
3469:
3468:Transportation
3466:
3423:
3420:
3412:Galang Islands
3385:Natuna Regency
3347:
3344:
3338:
3337:Infrastructure
3335:
3309:
3288:The island of
3231:bauxite mining
3217:Tin mining in
3169:
3163:
3157:
3151:
3145:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3027:Natuna Islands
2992:
2989:
2977:Malacca Strait
2957:Malacca strait
2903:Malacca Strait
2872:Natuna Islands
2848:Lingga Islands
2844:Tanjung Pinang
2822:The island of
2799:in the south,
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2742:
2741:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2678:
2676:Lingga Regency
2666:
2662:
2661:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2634:Natuna Regency
2624:
2620:
2619:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2595:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2554:Bintan Regency
2544:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:Tanjung Pinang
2507:
2503:
2502:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2418:
2385:
2384:
2374:
2373:
2363:
2362:
2352:
2351:
2341:
2340:
2336:Tanjung Pinang
2330:
2329:
2319:
2318:
2283:Tanjung Pinang
2279:Tanjung Pinang
2218:Main article:
2215:
2212:
2197:Tanjung Pinang
2130:Tanjung Pinang
2106:Main article:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2010:. The city of
1983:British Malaya
1967:Main article:
1964:
1961:
1953:British Malaya
1753:
1750:
1641:Raad van Indie
1633:Raad van Indie
1606:Dewan Kerajaan
1590:Ottoman Empire
1533:Tengku Hussein
1421:
1415:
1390:
1387:Pahang Kingdom
1381:
1372:
1334:
1331:
1224:Siege of Johor
1177:
1174:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
919:
916:
892:United Kingdom
833:GDP per capita
800:following the
786:British Malaya
751:Malacca Strait
745:including the
713:to the south,
695:Tanjung Pinang
671:Kepulauan Riau
657:
656:
645:
641:
640:
625:
619:
618:
610:
609: - Growth
606:
605:
581:
577:
576:
552:
548:
547:
544:
537:
536:
533:
527:
526:
523:
517:
516:
506:
500:
499:
458:
454:
453:
451:
450:
447:
441:
435:
429:
423:
416:
414:
410:
409:
407:
406:
403:
397:
391:
385:
379:
372:
370:
363:
362:
358:
357:
354:
350:
349:
346:
342:
341:
336:
332:
331:
328:
324:
323:
319:
318:
315:
311:
310:
307:
303:
302:
299:
295:
294:
289:
285:
284:
281:
277:
276:
272:
271:
259:
255:
254:
244:
240:
239:
236:
232:
231:
227:
226:
210:
206:
205:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
182:
178:
177:
170:3.933; 108.150
143:
142:
138:
137:
134:
133:
125:
124:
104:
100:
99:
93:
87:
86:
85:
82:
81:
69:
68:
63:
60:
59:
55:Kepulauan Riau
49:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12582:
12571:
12568:
12566:
12563:
12561:
12558:
12556:
12553:
12551:
12548:
12546:
12543:
12541:
12538:
12537:
12535:
12525:
12515:
12513:
12503:
12501:
12496:
12491:
12490:
12487:
12473:
12470:
12468:
12465:
12463:
12462:Highest point
12460:
12458:
12455:
12453:
12450:
12448:
12445:
12443:
12440:
12439:
12437:
12432:
12425:
12421:
12418:
12416:
12413:
12411:
12408:
12407:
12405:
12401:
12395:
12392:
12390:
12387:
12385:
12382:
12380:
12377:
12375:
12372:
12370:
12369:Central Papua
12367:
12366:
12364:
12362:
12358:
12352:
12349:
12347:
12344:
12343:
12341:
12339:
12335:
12329:
12328:West Sulawesi
12326:
12324:
12321:
12319:
12316:
12314:
12311:
12309:
12306:
12304:
12301:
12300:
12298:
12296:
12292:
12286:
12283:
12281:
12278:
12276:
12273:
12272:
12270:
12268:
12264:
12258:
12255:
12253:
12250:
12248:
12245:
12243:
12240:
12238:
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12234:
12232:
12230:
12226:
12220:
12217:
12215:
12212:
12210:
12207:
12205:
12202:
12200:
12197:
12195:
12192:
12191:
12189:
12187:
12183:
12178:
12168:
12165:
12163:
12162:South Sumatra
12160:
12158:
12155:
12153:
12150:
12148:
12147:North Sumatra
12145:
12143:
12140:
12138:
12135:
12133:
12130:
12128:
12125:
12123:
12120:
12119:
12117:
12115:
12111:
12106:
12102:
12098:
12094:
12090:
12085:
12081:
12074:
12069:
12067:
12062:
12060:
12055:
12054:
12051:
12039:
12036:
12034:
12031:
12029:
12026:
12024:
12021:
12019:
12016:
12014:
12011:
12009:
12006:
12004:
12001:
11999:
11996:
11994:
11991:
11989:
11986:
11984:
11981:
11980:
11978:
11976:
11972:
11966:
11963:
11961:
11958:
11956:
11953:
11952:
11950:
11948:
11944:
11937:
11934:
11930:
11927:
11926:
11925:
11922:
11921:
11919:
11917:
11913:
11908:
11898:
11895:
11893:
11889:
11885:
11882:
11880:
11877:
11875:
11872:
11870:
11867:
11865:
11862:
11860:
11857:
11855:
11852:
11850:
11847:
11845:
11842:
11840:
11837:
11834:
11831:
11829:
11828:Great Karimun
11826:
11823:
11821:
11818:
11816:
11815:Kepala Jernih
11813:
11811:
11808:
11806:
11803:
11801:
11798:
11796:
11793:
11791:
11788:
11786:
11783:
11781:
11778:
11776:
11772:
11768:
11765:
11763:
11759:
11757:
11754:
11752:
11749:
11747:
11744:
11742:
11739:
11737:
11734:
11732:
11729:
11727:
11724:
11722:
11719:
11717:
11714:
11712:
11709:
11707:
11704:
11703:Bintan Group:
11701:
11700:
11698:
11696:
11692:
11688:
11680:
11675:
11673:
11668:
11666:
11661:
11660:
11657:
11647:
11641:
11635:
11634:Tanjungpinang
11632:
11630:
11627:
11626:
11624:
11622:
11618:
11613:
11603:
11600:
11598:
11595:
11593:
11590:
11588:
11585:
11583:
11580:
11579:
11577:
11575:
11571:
11567:
11566:Tanjungpinang
11561:
11557:
11549:
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11542:
11537:
11535:
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11529:
11526:
11512:
11500:
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11480:
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11447:
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11422:
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11407:
11399:
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11372:
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11359:
11356:
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11331:
11325:
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11321:
11316:
11307:
11302:
11300:
11295:
11293:
11288:
11287:
11284:
11278:
11275:
11273:
11270:
11267:
11263:
11259:
11258:
11237:
11233:
11227:
11211:
11207:
11200:
11184:
11180:
11173:
11165:
11161:
11157:
11151:
11136:
11130:
11114:
11110:
11104:
11102:
11100:
11084:
11078:
11062:
11058:
11054:
11048:
11032:
11028:
11021:
11005:
11001:
10995:
10979:
10973:
10957:
10953:
10947:
10931:
10927:
10923:
10916:
10900:
10896:
10889:
10881:
10879:9789674186319
10875:
10871:
10870:
10862:
10854:
10850:
10843:
10841:
10839:
10837:
10835:
10818:
10814:
10807:
10789:
10782:
10774:
10768:
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10757:
10754:
10749:
10741:
10734:
10718:
10714:
10708:
10701:
10696:
10687:
10680:
10674:
10659:
10655:
10648:
10629:
10622:
10616:
10601:
10597:
10590:
10583:
10577:
10570:
10564:
10549:
10545:
10539:
10530:
10521:
10512:
10497:
10493:
10486:
10479:
10477:
10470:
10462:
10455:
10440:
10436:
10430:
10415:
10411:
10405:
10387:
10380:
10365:
10361:
10355:
10340:
10336:
10330:
10315:
10311:
10305:
10290:
10286:
10280:
10265:
10261:
10255:
10240:
10236:
10230:
10215:
10209:
10194:
10188:
10173:
10169:
10163:
10147:
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10139:
10133:
10117:
10113:
10107:
10091:
10087:
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10065:
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10055:
10040:
10036:
10030:
10015:
10011:
10005:
9990:
9986:
9980:
9964:
9960:
9954:
9946:
9940:
9924:
9920:
9914:
9898:
9894:
9888:
9872:
9868:
9862:
9847:
9843:
9839:
9835:
9828:
9813:
9809:
9802:
9786:
9785:
9780:
9774:
9758:
9754:
9750:
9743:
9728:
9724:
9717:
9710:
9706:
9703:
9698:
9682:
9678:
9674:
9668:
9666:
9649:
9642:
9636:
9620:
9616:
9610:
9595:
9591:
9587:
9583:
9576:
9560:
9559:Jakarta Globe
9556:
9550:
9534:
9530:
9524:
9508:
9504:
9498:
9482:
9478:
9472:
9457:. 21 May 2019
9456:
9452:
9446:
9430:
9426:
9420:
9404:
9400:
9394:
9378:
9374:
9368:
9352:
9348:
9342:
9326:
9322:
9316:
9300:
9296:
9290:
9274:
9270:
9264:
9248:
9244:
9238:
9222:
9218:
9212:
9196:
9192:
9186:
9167:
9161:
9146:
9142:
9136:
9120:
9116:
9109:
9107:
9090:
9086:
9080:
9064:
9063:
9058:
9052:
9037:
9036:
9031:
9024:
9008:
9004:
8998:
8983:
8982:
8977:
8970:
8955:
8954:
8949:
8942:
8940:
8924:
8920:
8913:
8905:
8903:9781118152881
8899:
8895:
8894:
8886:
8871:
8867:
8861:
8859:
8842:
8838:
8834:
8827:
8819:
8813:
8798:on 9 May 2016
8797:
8793:
8789:
8785:
8778:
8776:
8759:
8755:
8749:
8741:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8723:
8719:
8715:
8708:
8693:
8689:
8683:
8681:
8679:
8677:
8660:
8652:
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8644:
8642:
8640:
8638:
8636:
8634:
8614:
8607:
8600:
8598:
8581:
8575:
8568:
8562:
8546:
8542:
8541:"Piper betle"
8536:
8520:
8516:
8510:
8495:
8491:
8484:
8469:
8468:
8463:
8456:
8448:
8435:
8427:
8420:
8404:
8400:
8394:
8378:
8374:
8368:
8359:
8350:
8332:
8325:
8323:
8321:
8319:
8309:
8294:. Weatherbase
8293:
8287:
8271:
8265:
8250:
8246:
8242:
8238:
8231:
8216:. 30 May 2018
8215:
8211:
8205:
8198:
8192:
8184:
8180:
8174:
8165:
8156:
8154:
8145:
8143:9781438774619
8139:
8135:
8134:
8127:
8111:
8107:
8101:
8095:
8090:
8082:
8080:9789812308412
8076:
8072:
8071:
8063:
8054:
8047:
8043:
8039:
8035:
8031:
8027:
8020:
8006:
8002:
7998:
7994:
7990:
7986:
7982:
7975:
7967:
7961:
7946:
7945:
7937:
7930:
7924:
7920:
7913:
7905:
7903:9780691027647
7899:
7895:
7888:
7872:
7868:
7861:
7859:
7850:
7846:
7839:
7821:
7814:
7806:
7805:
7797:
7781:
7777:
7770:
7761:
7753:
7751:9789814695589
7747:
7743:
7742:
7734:
7726:
7724:9789794617724
7720:
7716:
7715:
7707:
7691:
7687:
7683:
7677:
7669:
7663:
7661:
7644:
7640:
7634:
7618:
7614:
7608:
7592:
7588:
7581:
7565:
7561:
7554:
7538:
7534:
7530:
7524:
7508:
7504:
7500:
7494:
7478:
7474:
7470:
7464:
7448:
7444:
7438:
7430:
7426:
7419:
7403:
7399:
7393:
7377:
7373:
7367:
7359:
7357:9789971693763
7353:
7349:
7342:
7334:
7330:
7324:
7315:
7308:
7307:Trcocki, 2007
7303:
7295:
7289:
7281:
7277:
7273:
7269:
7265:
7261:
7257:
7253:
7249:
7245:
7238:
7222:
7218:
7212:
7196:
7192:
7188:
7182:
7180:
7164:
7160:
7153:
7151:
7143:
7137:
7126:
7125:
7117:
7102:. 24 May 2017
7101:
7097:
7091:
7083:
7079:
7075:
7068:
7052:
7048:
7044:
7038:
7031:
7026:
7018:
7012:
7008:
7007:
6999:
6991:
6987:
6983:
6979:
6972:
6970:
6961:
6959:9780415215404
6955:
6951:
6950:
6942:
6927:
6923:
6916:
6908:
6902:
6898:
6891:
6883:
6881:9781137015549
6877:
6873:
6872:
6864:
6856:
6852:
6848:
6844:
6837:
6829:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6811:
6807:
6800:
6794:, p. 102
6793:
6792:Andaya (2001)
6788:
6781:
6777:
6773:
6772:1-897643-27-6
6769:
6765:
6760:
6753:
6752:
6745:
6738:
6737:
6730:
6721:
6713:
6709:
6702:
6700:
6693:
6687:
6680:
6674:
6666:
6660:
6656:
6649:
6641:
6639:9789833221387
6635:
6631:
6630:
6623:
6607:
6603:
6597:
6582:
6580:0-595-36881-6
6576:
6572:
6571:
6563:
6561:
6552:
6550:9781576077702
6546:
6542:
6541:
6533:
6518:
6514:
6508:
6493:
6487:
6481:
6477:
6473:
6467:
6460:
6454:
6447:
6446:
6439:
6432:
6428:
6425:
6420:
6418:
6416:
6408:
6404:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6377:
6373:
6367:
6359:
6357:9789814695589
6353:
6349:
6348:
6340:
6324:
6318:
6311:
6306:
6290:
6286:
6280:
6273:
6269:
6263:
6257:
6251:
6249:0-7735-2515-7
6245:
6241:
6237:
6230:
6222:
6216:
6208:
6204:
6198:
6190:
6186:
6180:
6172:
6166:
6157:
6155:
6153:
6151:
6149:
6144:
6136:
6134:
6130:
6127:. Whereas in
6126:
6122:
6118:
6114:
6110:
6106:
6102:
6098:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6082:
6077:
6075:
6071:
6067:
6063:
6058:
6056:
6052:
6048:
6040:
6036:
6029:
6028:
6023:
6022:Siput Gongong
6017:
6012:
6008:
6006:
5999:
5994:
5991:
5987:
5981:
5976:
5972:
5966:
5961:
5958:
5957:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5947:
5943:
5939:
5935:
5934:
5929:
5925:
5921:
5917:
5913:
5909:
5905:
5904:
5899:
5895:
5894:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5877:
5873:
5869:
5864:
5862:
5858:
5854:
5850:
5846:
5842:
5838:
5834:
5830:
5826:
5818:
5814:
5809:
5808:Malay cuisine
5799:
5797:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5768:
5763:
5759:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5744:
5740:
5736:
5731:
5727:
5723:
5719:
5718:
5713:
5704:
5701:
5697:
5694:house or the
5693:
5689:
5684:
5681:
5676:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5659:
5656:
5650:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5631:Malay culture
5624:
5619:
5610:
5608:
5604:
5600:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5582:
5580:
5576:
5572:
5568:
5564:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5542:
5541:
5536:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5522:
5518:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5500:
5499:
5491:
5487:
5482:
5478:
5476:
5472:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5445:
5444:Teluk Belanga
5441:
5437:
5436:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5413:
5408:
5404:
5402:
5396:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5381:
5375:
5374:
5369:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5348:
5343:
5340:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5287:North Sumatra
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5227:Nuzulul Quran
5224:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5207:
5200:
5195:
5186:
5184:
5180:
5175:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5152:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5134:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5043:
5038:
5031:
5026:
5023:
5022:Galang Island
5016:
5011:
5008:
5001:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4989:migrants and
4988:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4909:Protestantism
4906:
4902:
4900:
4896:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4823:Protestantism
4820:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4780:
4779:Folk religion
4770:
4760:
4750:
4740:
4730:
4729:Protestantism
4720:
4712:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4628:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4613:lingua franca
4610:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4586:
4585:Medan Hokkien
4582:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4549:Selat Panjang
4546:
4545:Bagansiapiapi
4542:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4412:lingua franca
4408:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4344:North Sumatra
4341:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4252:
4247:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4188:Sin Tong Heng
4184:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4099:
4097:
4094:(7.69%), and
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4059:
4055:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4031:
4029:
4025:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3955:
3950:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3912:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3840:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3744:
3741:
3731:
3722:
3720:
3719:Bintan Island
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3680:Matak Airport
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3586:
3582:
3573:
3570:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3546:B. J. Habibie
3543:
3542:
3536:
3534:
3529:
3527:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3484:
3479:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3393:
3388:
3386:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3352:
3343:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3319:TotalEnergies
3316:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3286:
3284:
3281:, orange and
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3246:
3240:
3237:
3232:
3228:
3220:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3205:
3204:mineral fuels
3200:
3197:
3196:manufacturing
3192:
3189:
3184:
3182:
3138:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3064:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3019:plastic waste
3015:
3011:
3010:blast fishing
3007:
2997:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2932:
2922:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2892:
2891:Lingga Island
2888:
2883:
2881:
2880:Badas Islands
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2862:and mainland
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2819:in the west.
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2801:East Malaysia
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2769:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2723:
2718:
2705:
2704:
2684:
2682:
2677:
2664:
2663:
2642:
2640:
2635:
2622:
2621:
2601:
2599:
2594:
2581:
2580:
2560:
2558:Teluk Bintan
2555:
2542:
2541:
2521:
2518:
2505:
2504:
2482:
2480:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2428:
2426:
2419:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2392:
2381:
2370:
2359:
2348:
2337:
2326:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2293:mainland and
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2211:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2161:Head of State
2158:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2094:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1897:) during the
1896:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1850:, Lingga and
1849:
1848:Great Karimun
1845:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1732:mainland and
1731:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1710:Tengku Ampuan
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1666:
1662:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1497:Spanish Coins
1494:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1476:Jaafar (then-
1475:
1471:
1470:Royal Regalia
1467:
1463:
1462:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1435:heir apparent
1428:
1413:
1411:
1397:
1388:
1379:
1370:
1368:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1333:Colonial rule
1330:
1328:
1327:Raja Ali Haji
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1260:Iskandar Muda
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1186:
1182:
1176:Sultanate era
1173:
1172:(Singapore).
1171:
1167:
1166:Sri Tri Buana
1163:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1093:1950–present
1092:
1080:
1068:
1056:
1044:
1032:
1006:
1004:
1000:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
970:
968:
964:
960:
956:
951:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
915:
913:
909:
905:
904:United States
901:
898:, as well as
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
864:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
709:to the west,
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
691:Riau Province
688:
685:: 廖內群島) is a
684:
679:كڤولاوان رياو
676:
672:
668:
664:
654:
646:
642:
635:
626:
624:
620:
611:
607:
603:
600:29,744 (
599:
594:
589:
585:
582:
578:
574:
570:
565:
560:
556:
553:
551: - Total
549:
545:
542:
538:
534:
532:
528:
524:
522:
521:ISO 3166 code
518:
514:
510:
507:
505:
501:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
469:
462:
459:
455:
448:
446:
442:
440:
436:
434:
430:
428:
424:
422:
418:
417:
415:
411:
404:
402:
398:
396:
392:
390:
386:
384:
380:
378:
374:
373:
371:
368:Ethnic groups
366: •
364:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
340:
337:
333:
329:
325:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
293:
290:
286:
282:
278:
273:
268:
263:
260:
256:
252:
248:
245:
241:
237:
233:
228:
225:
221:
217:
213:
211:
207:
204:
201:
197:
194:
193:Tanjungpinang
191:
187:
183:
179:
174:
146:Coordinates:
144:
139:OpenStreetMap
135:
131:
126:
119:
111:
109:
101:
91:
83:
79:
70:
66:
61:
56:
47:
41:
37:
33:
19:
12540:Riau Islands
12467:Poverty rate
12435:
12423:
12351:North Maluku
12199:Central Java
12167:West Sumatra
12157:Riau Islands
12156:
12104:
12096:
11936:South Natuna
11929:Great Natuna
11824:
11760:
11702:
11687:Riau Islands
11686:
11556:Riau Islands
11555:
11398:Riau Islands
11397:
11266:Riau Islands
11240:. Retrieved
11236:Tribun Batam
11235:
11226:
11214:. Retrieved
11209:
11199:
11187:. Retrieved
11182:
11172:
11164:the original
11159:
11150:
11138:. Retrieved
11129:
11117:. Retrieved
11112:
11086:. Retrieved
11077:
11065:. Retrieved
11061:the original
11056:
11047:
11035:. Retrieved
11030:
11027:"Tari Zapin"
11020:
11008:. Retrieved
11003:
10994:
10982:. Retrieved
10972:
10960:. Retrieved
10955:
10946:
10934:. Retrieved
10930:the original
10925:
10915:
10903:. Retrieved
10898:
10888:
10868:
10861:
10852:
10821:. Retrieved
10817:IlmuSeni.com
10816:
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10657:
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10628:the original
10615:
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10599:
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10547:
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10313:
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10267:. Retrieved
10263:
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10242:. Retrieved
10238:
10229:
10217:. Retrieved
10208:
10196:. Retrieved
10187:
10175:. Retrieved
10171:
10162:
10150:. Retrieved
10146:the original
10141:
10132:
10120:. Retrieved
10116:Jakarta Post
10115:
10106:
10094:. Retrieved
10089:
10080:
10068:. Retrieved
10063:
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10042:. Retrieved
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9923:the original
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9838:detikfinance
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9532:
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9485:. Retrieved
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9433:. Retrieved
9428:
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9403:liputan6.com
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9277:. Retrieved
9273:liputan6.com
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9221:Dunia Energi
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9160:
9148:. Retrieved
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9123:. Retrieved
9118:
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9079:
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9051:
9039:. Retrieved
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9023:
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9006:
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8985:. Retrieved
8979:
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8912:
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8869:
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8796:the original
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8663:. Retrieved
8620:. Retrieved
8613:the original
8584:. Retrieved
8574:
8561:
8549:. Retrieved
8545:the original
8535:
8523:. Retrieved
8518:
8509:
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8494:The Diplomat
8493:
8483:
8471:. Retrieved
8465:
8455:
8434:cite journal
8419:
8407:. Retrieved
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8381:. Retrieved
8376:
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8349:
8337:. Retrieved
8308:
8296:. Retrieved
8286:
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8264:
8252:. Retrieved
8241:detikfinance
8240:
8230:
8218:. Retrieved
8213:
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8109:
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8053:
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7943:
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7875:. Retrieved
7870:
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7690:the original
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7643:the original
7633:
7621:. Retrieved
7617:the original
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7595:. Retrieved
7590:
7580:
7568:. Retrieved
7563:
7553:
7541:. Retrieved
7537:the original
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7511:. Retrieved
7507:the original
7502:
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7477:the original
7472:
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7446:
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7418:
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7402:the original
7392:
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7376:the original
7366:
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7333:the original
7323:
7314:
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7288:
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7237:
7225:. Retrieved
7220:
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7195:the original
7166:. Retrieved
7141:
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7100:The Patriots
7099:
7090:
7081:
7077:
7067:
7055:. Retrieved
7051:the original
7046:
7037:
7032:, p. 72
7025:
7005:
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6981:
6977:
6948:
6941:
6929:. Retrieved
6925:
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6863:
6849:(1): 29–68.
6846:
6842:
6836:
6810:Ler História
6809:
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6686:
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6628:
6622:
6610:. Retrieved
6606:the original
6596:
6584:. Retrieved
6569:
6543:. ABC-CLIO.
6539:
6532:
6520:. Retrieved
6516:
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6495:. Retrieved
6486:
6471:
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6458:
6453:
6443:
6438:
6401:
6392:
6380:. Retrieved
6375:
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6339:
6327:. Retrieved
6317:
6305:
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6289:the original
6279:
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6235:
6229:
6215:
6197:
6179:
6170:
6165:
6124:
6116:
6078:
6069:
6065:
6059:
6054:
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5985:
5970:
5954:
5949:
5946:sambal udang
5945:
5931:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5911:
5907:
5901:
5897:
5891:
5887:
5879:
5865:
5822:
5791:
5786:
5784:
5779:
5775:
5771:
5765:
5745:
5734:
5729:
5726:Malay people
5715:
5711:
5710:
5700:Belah Bubung
5699:
5695:
5691:
5688:Belah Bubung
5687:
5685:
5680:Limas Potong
5679:
5671:Limas Potong
5670:
5663:Limas Potong
5662:
5660:
5658:their name.
5651:
5628:
5613:Architecture
5606:
5602:
5598:
5593:
5585:
5583:
5578:
5574:
5566:
5557:
5538:
5537:
5532:
5516:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5496:
5494:
5485:
5475:Kebaya Labuh
5474:
5468:
5464:
5459:
5455:
5452:Kebaya Labuh
5451:
5447:
5443:
5433:
5426:Kebaya Labuh
5425:
5421:
5418:Kebaya Labuh
5417:
5410:
5406:
5399:
5397:
5378:
5371:
5345:
5344:
5255:
5208:
5204:
5182:
5178:
5176:
5171:
5167:
5163:
5155:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5131:
5129:
5124:
5121:
5117:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5097:
5095:
5087:Confucianism
5056:
4979:Confucianism
4973:
4905:Christianity
4903:
4895:Muhammadiyah
4890:Islamization
4844:As of 2016,
4843:
4839:Confucianism
4806:Christianity
4802:Confucianism
4786:
4759:Confucianism
4710:
4656:
4629:
4612:
4527:
4523:colonial era
4515:Latin script
4508:
4501:
4482:Pahang Malay
4473:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4417:
4410:
4369:
4337:
4312:
4308:
4296:
4292:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4258:
4255:Yuan dynasty
4248:
4235:
4232:West Sumatra
4209:
4196:Sambu Island
4192:Tek Hwa Seng
4191:
4187:
4176:
4169:sea cucumber
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4132:
4128:
4120:
4115:
4100:
4072:
3918:
3915:Demographics
3903:
3897:
3885:
3877:Constitution
3864:
3860:
3852:
3848:
3842:
3826:
3820:
3807:
3801:
3792:Stulang Laut
3784:HarbourFront
3745:
3736:
3711:Batam Island
3700:
3660:Dabo Airport
3649:
3625:Kuala Lumpur
3590:
3566:
3540:
3532:
3525:
3498:
3487:
3445:
3432:
3425:
3407:water supply
3405:). Reliable
3402:
3398:
3392:water supply
3389:
3357:
3340:
3287:
3249:sweet potato
3241:
3224:
3208:
3201:
3193:
3185:
3178:
3136:
3120:dragon fruit
3113:
3105:
3077:
3067:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3002:
2991:Biodiversity
2970:
2953:
2947:View of the
2937:
2927:
2896:
2884:
2878:islands and
2821:
2774:
2751:
2745:
2402:
2398:
2396:
2306:
2297:, while the
2274:
2268:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2225:
2223:
2205:
2200:
2180:
2179:, while the
2164:
2150:
2134:
2121:
2113:
2111:
2083:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2039:
2017:Sambu Island
2001:
1972:
1945:
1936:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1912:
1890:
1888:
1871:
1843:
1841:
1836:
1828:
1820:
1809:World War II
1804:
1802:
1794:
1791:Rhio Islands
1776:buffer state
1768:World War II
1765:
1745:
1736:, while the
1725:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1701:
1692:anchored in
1685:
1683:
1679:
1671:
1640:
1632:
1624:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1586:
1582:Malay-Muslim
1577:
1573:Pan-Islamism
1549:
1517:
1505:
1482:
1465:
1459:
1432:
1407:
1364:
1299:
1279:Sungei Ujong
1264:
1228:
1221:
1203:and then to
1190:
1162:Malay Annals
1159:
1140:
1131:
1128:Ibnu Battuta
1120:Song dynasty
1116:
1097:
1022:
1001:between the
986:Malay people
981:
973:
971:
958:
954:
952:
935:
927:
923:
921:
865:
822:
775:
663:Riau Islands
662:
660:
439:Confucianism
427:Christianity
405:15.22% Other
212:
199:Largest city
105:
94:Coat of arms
50:Riau Islands
40:
12384:South Papua
12038:Abang Besar
11938:Archipelago
11780:Galang Baru
11731:Telan Besar
11212:. Kemdikbud
11033:. Kemdikbud
10901:. Kemdikbud
10515:Chou (2003)
9727:Enjoy Batam
9351:Antara News
9325:Antara News
8519:Okezone.com
8403:Antara News
8010:31 December
7951:31 December
7250:(1): 5–38.
6570:Dark Waters
6121:Malay world
6062:Bak kut teh
5971:Nasi Campur
5950:sambal cumi
5928:ikan tamban
5888:ikan tamban
5758:Philippines
5373:Baju Kurung
5347:Baju Kurung
5299:Minangkabau
5235:Eid al-Adha
5231:Eid al-Fitr
5223:Isra-Mikraj
5219:Maulud Nabi
5091:Malay world
4913:Catholicism
4862:Minangkabau
4827:Catholicism
4810:Catholicism
4644:Minangkabau
4521:during the
4511:Jawi script
4387:Johor court
4275:: lóngyámén
4228:Minangkabau
4147:, southern
4088:Minangkabau
4013:Minangkabau
3893:Philippines
3788:Tanah Merah
3756:Johor Bahru
3601:Boeing 747s
3441:Joko Widodo
3396:Indonesian:
3372:Solar power
3069:Piper betle
3053:and China.
2973:Andaman Sea
2961:Andaman Sea
2758:Environment
2258:kepala desa
2183:resided in
1988:Riau rupiah
1947:Peninsular
1856:Minangkabau
1837:Dewan Riouw
1772:East Indies
1702:marechausse
1686:Mandi Safar
1281:, Malacca,
1193:Mansur Shah
1003:Netherlands
880:Minangkabau
595: 9,542
481:Minangkabau
449:0.03% other
395:Minangkabau
265: [
247:Ansar Ahmad
181:Established
168: /
12534:Categories
12420:East Timor
12394:West Papua
12229:Kalimantan
11644:See also:
11242:21 January
11216:21 January
11183:Tribunnews
10713:"GenPI.co"
10637:21 January
10444:18 October
10419:18 October
10294:21 January
10269:21 January
10244:21 January
10219:21 January
10198:21 January
10177:21 January
10152:21 January
9929:8 February
9897:Bisnis.com
9871:Bisnis.com
9533:kompas.com
9481:kompas.com
9455:Bisnis.com
9435:24 October
9429:Bisnis.com
9409:24 October
9383:24 October
9377:kompas.com
9357:24 October
9331:24 October
9305:24 October
9279:24 October
9253:24 October
9247:kompas.com
9227:24 October
9201:24 October
9175:25 October
9150:24 October
9125:24 October
9095:24 October
9089:KOMPAS.com
9069:24 January
9041:24 January
9013:24 January
8987:24 January
8959:24 January
8875:24 January
8764:6 February
8718:GeoJournal
8697:17 October
8665:17 October
8622:17 October
8586:17 October
8551:4 November
8473:10 October
8409:18 October
8383:18 October
8339:18 October
8220:17 October
8116:17 October
7877:17 October
7828:17 October
7780:KOMPASIANA
7696:21 January
7649:21 January
7623:21 January
7543:21 January
7408:21 January
7382:21 January
7140:Turnbull,
6782:, pg. 6–10
6397:Suwardi MS
6382:24 January
6139:References
6085:curry puff
6051:Indonesian
5920:ikan bilis
5880:ikan bilis
5868:Nasi lemak
5817:Nasi lemak
5655:Riau Malay
5645:and other
5303:Mandailing
4929:Simalungun
4921:Batak Toba
4662:governance
4658:Indonesian
4625:vocabulary
4621:Indonesian
4503:Orang Laut
4486:Terengganu
4371:Indonesian
4301:Zhao Rugua
4177:Orang laut
4161:Orang laut
4157:Orang laut
4153:Orang Laut
4133:Orang laut
4129:Orang laut
4121:Orang laut
4116:Orang laut
4086:(12.48%),
4082:(24.95%),
4078:(29.95%),
3855:) and the
3823:Indonesian
3804:Indonesian
3798:Healthcare
3429:Indonesian
3403:PDAM Kepri
3390:All pipes
3354:PLTU Batam
3315:ExxonMobil
3100:, and the
3086:Natuna Sea
3082:endangered
3035:Natuna Sea
3006:Natuna Sea
2858:, between
2492:1,256,610
2489:1,196,396
2479:Batam City
2163:while the
2118:Indonesian
2102:Government
2059:Indonesian
1829:Riouw Raad
1780:Terengganu
1674:Dutch flag
1654:Dutch flag
1584:identity.
1553:Suez Canal
1509:Terengganu
1256:Johor Lama
1126:explorer,
1104:Orang Laut
994:Raja Kecil
948:Siak River
932:Portuguese
894:, rest of
802:occupation
788:after the
755:Natuna Sea
667:Indonesian
471:(regional)
464:(official)
461:Indonesian
322:Population
230:Government
12524:Indonesia
12512:Geography
12472:ISO codes
12308:Gorontalo
12219:West Java
12204:East Java
12101:Nusantara
11785:Subangmas
11736:Senjolong
11716:Gin Besar
11574:Regencies
11564:Capital:
11334:Singapore
11140:4 October
11119:3 October
11088:3 October
11067:4 October
11057:Blog Kulo
11037:4 October
11010:4 October
10984:4 October
10905:2 October
10823:2 October
10796:1 October
10723:14 August
10663:14 August
10605:14 August
10553:14 August
10501:14 August
10439:bps.go.id
10414:bps.go.id
10285:"BERANDA"
10096:9 January
10070:9 January
10044:9 January
10019:9 January
9994:9 January
9969:9 January
9903:9 January
9877:9 January
9851:9 January
9817:9 January
9687:9 January
9654:9 January
9625:9 January
9619:Telkomsel
9599:9 January
9586:detikinet
9565:9 January
9539:9 January
9513:9 January
9487:9 January
9461:9 January
8812:cite book
8740:1572-9893
8298:1 October
8276:1 October
8046:0007-0955
8005:143607653
7871:GoWest.ID
7786:3 October
7597:15 August
7570:15 August
7483:15 August
7453:15 August
7280:162430527
7264:0022-4634
7227:15 August
6828:0870-6182
6407:Pekanbaru
6117:epok-epok
6113:Singapore
6097:Singapore
6081:teh tarik
5912:cumi-cumi
5876:Singapore
5750:Indonesia
5625:, Jakarta
5546:Hadramaut
5523:, Johor,
5364:Singapore
5356:Indonesia
5263:Singapore
4876:and some
4874:Sundanese
4814:Nusantara
4690:Singapore
4670:judiciary
4609:Cantonese
4601:Hainanese
4593:Zhangzhou
4557:Singapore
4348:Banjarese
4333:Cantonese
4313:Longyamen
4309:Longyamen
4297:Longyamen
4293:Longyamen
4285:Longyamen
4281:Yüan shih
4260:Longyamen
4224:New Order
4212:Singapore
4098:(2.95%).
4096:Sundanese
4090:(9.71%),
4043:Sundanese
3943:Ethnicity
3906:) or the
3881:Indonesia
3853:Kemdikbud
3833:Education
3816:Ombudsman
3748:Singapore
3621:Palembang
3503:with the
3461:BTS tower
3453:XL Axiata
3302:Pertamina
3275:pineapple
3271:jackfruit
3267:jackfruit
3124:areca nut
2688:2,210.82
2647:1,999.16
2564:1,317,15
2499:Very High
2486:1,034.73
2457:estimate
2435:Districts
2399:kabupaten
2295:Indragiri
2246:kelurahan
2238:kecamatan
2226:kabupaten
2086:Pekanbaru
1864:Palembang
1734:Indragiri
1602:Mohakamah
1561:Port Said
1520:partition
1443:Bendahara
1396:Singapore
1155:Singapura
1147:Palembang
1143:Srivijaya
1108:Indochina
1081:1949–1950
1069:1942–1945
1045:1823–1911
1033:1528–1823
918:Etymology
908:Indonesia
900:Australia
884:Indonesia
818:Indonesia
798:Indonesia
763:Singapore
715:Singapore
681:,
649:kepriprov
543:(nominal)
504:Time zone
493:Banjarese
330:2,162,140
298:Elevation
220:districts
209:Divisions
116: (
12436:Lists by
12424:de facto
12295:Sulawesi
12132:Bengkulu
11993:Sebangka
11762:Barelang
11756:Penyegat
10962:18 April
10936:17 April
10926:Raparapa
10853:Academia
10756:Archived
10717:GenPI.co
10369:8 August
10344:8 August
10319:8 August
9963:jpnn.com
9846:detikcom
9705:Archived
9594:detikcom
8928:25 April
8847:27 April
8802:25 April
8525:15 April
8254:8 August
8249:detikcom
7960:citation
7849:Academia
7272:20070893
7047:roots.sg
6978:Archipel
6843:Archipel
6427:Archived
6399:(1991).
6329:22 April
6295:28 March
6205:(2023).
6187:(2023).
6109:Malaysia
6093:Malaysia
5872:Malaysia
5841:Balinese
5837:Javanese
5754:Malaysia
5743:Buginese
5603:melemang
5599:malemang
5594:Malemang
5586:Malemang
5561:Islamic
5533:Mak yong
5517:Mak Yong
5513:Mak yong
5508:Mak Yong
5503:Mak Yong
5498:Mak yong
5405:and the
5360:Malaysia
5323:Buddhist
5311:Javanese
5259:Malaysia
5250:Mak Yong
5164:penghulu
5146:penghulu
5142:penghulu
5138:penghulu
5083:Buddhism
5067:Balinese
5063:Javanese
4987:Balinese
4983:Hinduism
4975:Buddhism
4897:and the
4858:Javanese
4835:Buddhism
4831:Hinduism
4798:Buddhism
4794:Hinduism
4769:Hinduism
4739:Buddhism
4731:(12.00%)
4721:(78.41%)
4704:Religion
4698:Singlish
4654:people.
4636:Javanese
4569:Quanzhou
4427:used in
4407:Malaysia
4401:used in
4366:Language
4356:Buginese
4354:and the
4216:Javanese
4080:Javanese
3983:Javanese
3889:Malaysia
3752:Malaysia
3707:Lion Air
3629:Shenzhen
3617:Surabaya
3323:Petronas
3283:rambutan
3047:Malaysia
3041:and the
2876:Tambelan
2864:Malaysia
2789:Cambodia
2721:Tarempa
2694:101,030
2611:270,120
2608:253,457
2570:165,890
2567:159,518
2531:234,840
2528:227,663
2455:mid 2023
2431:Capital
2417:Wilayah
2263:penghulu
2114:gubernur
2097:Politics
2067:BP Batam
2051:Thailand
1981:used in
1884:pribumis
1860:Javanese
1813:royalist
1714:Sri Daik
1645:Aceh War
1447:Balinese
1306:Sulawesi
1285:and the
1215:and the
1209:Alauddin
910:, after
902:and the
876:Javanese
872:Tionghoa
767:Malaysia
753:and the
731:Cambodia
719:Malaysia
489:Buginese
477:Javanese
445:Hinduism
433:Buddhism
383:Javanese
224:villages
156:108°09′E
65:Province
43:Province
12486:Portals
12142:Lampung
12114:Sumatra
12097:current
12093:Jakarta
12089:Capital
12028:Mesawak
12023:Temiang
12003:Selayar
11988:Singkep
11965:Siantan
11864:Sanglar
11835:-Citlim
11810:Pemping
11771:Rempang
11721:Mantang
11592:Karimun
11421:Sarawak
10394:10 June
9842:Jakarta
9590:Jakarta
8499:18 July
8245:Jakarta
7513:26 June
7201:18 July
7168:18 July
7144:, pg 97
6612:14 June
6586:15 June
6125:karipap
6074:Hokkien
6066:Bak kut
5884:anchovy
5857:British
5849:Sumatra
5833:Chinese
5802:Cuisine
5762:Vietnam
5722:Sumatra
5675:Sumatra
5609:Dance.
5554:Malacca
5525:Malacca
5460:songket
5440:songket
5414:Labuh a
5380:songket
5339:Siamese
5335:Chinese
5279:Serdang
5275:Langkat
5183:kampung
5179:kampung
5177:In the
5172:kampung
5154:. This
5133:kampung
5053:Culture
4957:Diocese
4937:Chinese
4866:Banjars
4781:(0.02%)
4771:(0.04%)
4761:(0.15%)
4751:(2.59%)
4741:(6.79%)
4694:English
4597:Teochew
4534:Min Nan
4530:Hokkien
4442:Anambas
4329:Teochew
4325:Hokkien
4271:: 龍牙門;
4267:: 龙牙门;
4251:Chinese
4194:in the
4165:tripang
4145:Sumatra
4125:Nomadic
4092:Chinese
4061:
4048:
4033:
4028:Chinese
4018:
4003:
3988:
3973:
3962:Percent
3865:Kemenag
3780:Singkep
3690:in the
3682:in the
3672:Karimun
3664:Singkep
3645:Jakarta
3609:Jakarta
3263:coconut
3245:Cassava
3227:bauxite
3219:Singkep
3130:Economy
3098:Tarsius
3090:Dugongs
3051:Vietnam
2832:Karimun
2785:Vietnam
2736:0.692 (
2733:49,090
2730:47,402
2727:627.03
2697:0.658 (
2691:98,633
2656:0.730 (
2653:84,560
2650:81,495
2614:0.717 (
2605:930.45
2573:0.746 (
2534:0.789 (
2525:150.37
2463:(2021)
2429:Regency
2425:Regency
2423:City or
2421:Name of
2369:Karimun
2347:Anambas
2193:de jure
2047:Bangkok
2022:KOPASKA
1880:Sukarno
1852:Singkep
1631:-based
1629:Batavia
1594:Pattani
1485:Malacca
1478:viceroy
1455:consort
1319:Batavia
1240:Tariqah
1231:Malacca
1151:Temasek
1124:Arabian
1112:Temasek
1009:History
944:Malacca
849:Jakarta
827:of the
804:of the
735:Sumatra
727:Vietnam
683:Chinese
644:Website
632:0.785 (
497:Chinese
425:14.52%
419:78.33%
401:Chinese
387:12.48%
381:24.95%
375:29.95%
189:Capital
12346:Maluku
12194:Banten
12033:Petong
12018:Lalang
11998:Bakung
11983:Lingga
11955:Jemaja
11854:Kundur
11849:Durian
11833:Combol
11820:Terong
11775:Galang
11764:Group:
11751:Empuru
11746:Angkut
11726:Dompak
11706:Bintan
11621:Cities
11602:Natuna
11597:Lingga
11587:Bintan
11508:
11491:
11474:
11462:
11430:
11418:
11384:
11342:
11189:8 June
10876:
10235:"Home"
10122:22 May
9959:"JPNN"
9791:22 May
9763:27 May
9732:27 May
9650:. 2015
8923:Antara
8900:
8738:
8140:
8077:
8044:
8003:
7925:
7900:
7748:
7721:
7668:"Riau"
7354:
7278:
7270:
7262:
7106:26 May
7057:26 May
7013:
6956:
6931:24 May
6903:
6878:
6826:
6778:
6770:
6681:p. 301
6661:
6636:
6577:
6547:
6522:24 May
6497:24 May
6478:
6354:
6270:
6246:
6133:pastel
5942:Squids
5938:Prawns
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