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Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery

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Kenneth Dixon was appointed as chairman and chief executive in 1981. Between 1981 and 1987, Rowntree invested nearly £400 million in upgrading its manufacturing facilities and developing high volume, product dedicated equipment for several of the company's brands, including Kit Kat, After Eights
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In 1987 Rowntree operated 25 factories in nine countries and employed 33,000 people, including close to 16,000 in its eight UK operations. Group turnover was £1.4 billion, with the UK and Ireland accounting for 40 percent of the total.
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Rowntree had struggled to make a milk chocolate product of comparable quality or value to Cadbury's Dairy Milk. In 1927, the company began to market its fruit gums, and its pastilles from 1928, in the now familiar tube packaging.
407:. In 1864 Rowntree acquired an old iron foundry at Tanner's Moat for £1,000, and moved production there. In 1869 the factory was staffed by 12 men. By 1869 Rowntree was in financial difficulties and his brother, 473:. The following year, the company expanded opening plants in Castleford and Leicester. In 1971, French business "Chocolate-Menier SA" joined the group. The company released its own newspaper, 469:
to form "Rowntree Mackintosh plc" The company signed a long-time agreement with Hershey Foods Corporation to market and even produce some of its products in the U.S., starting with
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and Lion chocolate bars were introduced in 1976. In 1978 the Hershey contract was renegotiated, giving Hershey the rights to the Kit Kat and Rolo brands in the US in perpetuity.
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whereby Hershey would produce Rowntree products under license in the US. Rowntree merged with John Mackintosh and Co in 1969, to become Rowntree Mackintosh. Mackintosh produced
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rights and specific trade dress to all packaged coffee and other products under the Starbucks brand owned by Nestlé since 2019. Brand owned by
2794: 368:. Nestlé still operates in York with one of the world's largest confectionery factories and a global research centre for confectionery base. 2396:. Produced by Cereal Partners, branded as Nestlé. Produced by Cereal Partners and branded as Nestlé in the U.K. and Ireland. Produced by 808: 2759: 772: 2769: 785: 354: 2754: 2483: 2804: 2332: 845: 757: 650: 604: 2774: 876: 2408:. Used only in Indonesia, Thailand, and Cambodia. Used only in the Philippines. U.S. production rights owned by the 2287: 299: 1059: 2674: 1816: 418:
Rowntree entered the continental Europe market in the 1960s, establishing production facilities in Hamburg, Dijon,
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After the acquisition, Nestlé slowly began to re-introduce the brand under the name "Rowntrees". These include
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honey for £11 million (1986). They also bought Scunthorpe snack maker Sooner Foods, known for inventing
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with a different product. U.S. rights and specific trade dress owned by Nestlé; rights elsewhere owned by
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for £14 million (1986), the Sunmark confectionery business in the US for £156 million (1986) and
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purchased Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery, re-branded all of its products and took over the
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Between 1983 and 1987, Rowntree spent nearly £400 million on acquisitions, including
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Chocolate Wars: The 150-Year Rivalry Between the World's Greatest Chocolate Makers
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Between 1982 and 1987, the number of UK staff was reduced from 19,700 to 15,600.
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Hyde, Dana (March 1991). "The Nestlé takeover of rowntree: A case study".
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In 1969, the Rowntree board rejected a £37 million takeover bid from
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headquarters and factory. The factory is still in use, located next to
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and for making Murphy's Crisps, Seyshells and Wheat Crunchies.
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Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery owned Mackintosh's former
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The company was famous for making chocolate brands, such as
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International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes
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The former Rowntree's factory and headquarters were in
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in 1987, with products rebranded under its own brand.
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Produced by 634: 595: 593: 19:For the company established in 1862, see 2800:British companies disestablished in 1988 403:, as the company manager bought out the 2491: 739: 477:, with a circulation of 26,000 copies. 2742: 2333:Maggi noodles safety concerns in India 640: 590: 568: 2795:British companies established in 1969 2465: 858: 521: 2724: 2444: 2376:in the U.S. and Canada. Produced by 712: 645:. Taylor & Francis. p. 10. 16:Former English confectionery company 13: 766: 14: 2816: 2760:1988 disestablishments in England 2701:Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery 2288:Nestea European Championship Tour 316:Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery 2723: 2714: 2713: 2443: 2432: 2431: 943: 465:In 1969, Rowntree's merged with 461:Formation of Rowntree Mackintosh 240: 34: 2770:Defunct companies based in York 778: 775:history on The Rowntree Society 2755:1969 establishments in England 1060:Lactalis-Nestlé Fresh Products 840:. Cambridge University Press. 809:"Rowntree and Market Strategy" 671: 495:for £138 million (1983), 1: 2805:1988 mergers and acquisitions 932:(Nestlé Waters North America) 816:Business and Economic History 561: 553:sweets have been re-branded. 499:for £19 million (1983), 467:John Mackintosh and Sons Ltd. 376: 123:Acquired by, and merged with 727:10.1016/0263-2373(91)90044-q 601:"History of Nestlé Rowntree" 538:headquarters and factories. 7: 2775:British chocolate companies 999:Beverage Partners Worldwide 834:Fitzgerald, Robert (2007). 807:Fitzgerald, Robert (1989). 715:European Management Journal 107:; 37 years ago 89:; 55 years ago 10: 2821: 2372:Currently manufactured by 2308:Nestlé Smarties Book Prize 1554:Rowntree's Fruit Pastilles 884: 800: 380: 371: 18: 2709: 2688: 2662: 2545: 2524: 2515: 2499: 2367: 2346: 2280: 2239: 2083: 2055: 1982: 1885: 1804: 1763: 1602: 1300: 1214: 1168: 1144: 1108: 1077: 1068: 1022: 1004:Cereal Partners Worldwide 991: 952: 941: 922: 899: 892: 748:. PublicAffairs. p.  740:Cadbury, Deborah (2010). 190: 169: 151: 140: 130: 119: 101: 83: 62: 52: 42: 33: 2394:Associated British Foods 1904:California Pizza Kitchen 773:Rowntree Mackintosh Ltd. 556: 475:Rowntree Mackintosh News 361:and other confections. 2424:in the U.S. since 2020. 2402:Alaska Milk Corporation 2359:Controversies of Nestlé 822:: 45–58. Archived from 526:In 1987, Swiss company 497:Laura Secord Chocolates 430:were launched in 1962. 355:Halifax railway station 236:Rowntree Mackintosh plc 29:Rowntree Mackintosh plc 2390:Smarties Candy Company 2257:Peter Brabeck-Letmathe 1014:Nestlé Toll House Café 914:Nestlé Wyeth Nutrition 342:. It was purchased by 2410:Ferrara Candy Company 2354:List of Nestlé brands 2145:Galderma Laboratories 1737:Seattle's Best Coffee 1549:Rowntree's Fruit Gums 1504:Nestlé Milk Chocolate 1232:Cinnamon Toast Crunch 904:Nestlé Purina PetCare 641:Vernon, Anne (2005). 2670:Henry Isaac Rowntree 2303:Nestlé Rowntree F.C. 607:on 28 September 2011 401:Henry Isaac Rowntree 357:, for production of 2386:The Hershey Company 2298:Nestlé Invitational 2293:1977 Nestlé boycott 2212:Rowntree Mackintosh 1650:Chameleon Cold-Brew 1464:Mackintosh's Toffee 587:(file no. 00051491) 328:John Mackintosh Co. 30: 2318:Toll House cookies 2120:Chocolate Surpresa 2085:Former brands and 1630:Blue Bottle Coffee 984:Nestlé Philippines 792:. 21 October 2018. 543:Rowntree's Randoms 522:Purchase by Nestle 28: 2737: 2736: 2658: 2657: 2459: 2458: 2235: 2234: 2187:Peter's Chocolate 1442:Kit Kats in Japan 939: 938: 930:BlueTriton Brands 847:978-0-521-02378-8 759:978-1-58648-925-0 652:978-0-415-38160-4 576:"Companies House" 233: 232: 2812: 2727: 2726: 2717: 2716: 2680:Seebohm Rowntree 2595:Hot Sam Pretzels 2522: 2521: 2486: 2479: 2472: 2463: 2462: 2447: 2446: 2435: 2434: 2425: 2406:Fraser and Neave 2347:Related articles 2328:Nescafé Basement 1514:Peppermint Crisp 1474:Menier Chocolate 1277:Nesquik (cereal) 1075: 1074: 947: 897: 896: 879: 872: 865: 856: 855: 851: 830: 828: 813: 794: 793: 782: 776: 770: 764: 763: 747: 737: 731: 730: 710: 681: 675: 669: 663: 657: 656: 638: 632: 626: 617: 616: 614: 612: 603:. 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409:Joseph Rowntree 391:was founded at 385: 379: 374: 305: 301: 266: 243: 239: 229: 186: 111: 109: 106: 93: 91: 88: 79: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2818: 2808: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2735: 2734: 2732: 2731: 2721: 2710: 2707: 2706: 2704: 2703: 2698: 2692: 2690: 2686: 2685: 2683: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2666: 2664: 2660: 2659: 2656: 2655: 2653: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2630:Quality Street 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2591: 2590: 2588:Violet Crumble 2585: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2549: 2547: 2543: 2542: 2540: 2539: 2534: 2528: 2526: 2519: 2513: 2512: 2510: 2509: 2503: 2501: 2497: 2496: 2489: 2488: 2481: 2474: 2466: 2457: 2456: 2454: 2453: 2441: 2427: 2426: 2368: 2365: 2364: 2362: 2361: 2356: 2350: 2348: 2344: 2343: 2341: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2284: 2282: 2278: 2277: 2275: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2243: 2241: 2237: 2236: 2233: 2232: 2230: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2217:Violet 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857: 849: 843: 839: 838: 832: 825: 821: 817: 810: 805: 804: 791: 787: 781: 774: 769: 761: 755: 751: 746: 745: 736: 728: 724: 720: 716: 709: 707: 705: 703: 701: 699: 697: 695: 693: 691: 689: 687: 679: 674: 667: 662: 654: 648: 644: 637: 630: 625: 623: 606: 602: 596: 594: 577: 571: 567: 554: 552: 548: 544: 539: 537: 533: 529: 519: 515: 512: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 489: 485: 483: 478: 476: 472: 468: 458: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 435:General Foods 431: 429: 425: 421: 416: 412: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 384: 369: 367: 362: 360: 356: 352: 347: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 314: 310: 309: 296: 237: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 197: 195: 193: 189: 183: 180: 178: 175: 174: 172: 168: 165: 161: 157: 154: 150: 146: 143: 139: 136: 133: 129: 126: 122: 118: 104: 100: 86: 82: 76: 73: 71: 68: 67: 65: 61: 58: 57:Confectionery 55: 51: 48: 47:Joint Venture 45: 41: 37: 32: 26: 22: 2700: 2696:Mackintosh's 2645:Tom's Snacks 2605:Laura Secord 2583:Polly Waffle 2518:subsidiaries 2448: 2436: 2313:Nestlé Tower 2267:Henri Nestlé 2211: 2207:Powwow Water 2197:Polly Waffle 2172:Ice Mountain 2110:Butterfinger 2087:subsidiaries 1934:Lean Pockets 1924:Lean Cuisine 1698:Nescafé Gold 1584:White Knight 1402:Coffee Crisp 1304:and desserts 1267:Lucky Charms 1237:Cookie Crisp 1201:S.Pellegrino 1191:Princes Gate 1157: 1023:Other assets 980:Nestlé Lanka 973:Nestlé Japan 960:Nestlé India 953:Subsidiaries 836: 824:the original 819: 815: 789: 780: 768: 743: 735: 718: 714: 680:, p. 50 673: 668:, p. 89 661: 642: 636: 631:, p. 48 609:. Retrieved 605:the original 579:. Retrieved 570: 540: 525: 516: 513: 490: 486: 479: 474: 464: 432: 428:After Eights 417: 413: 386: 363: 348: 315: 235: 234: 220:Laura Secord 192:Subsidiaries 141:Headquarters 70:Rowntree Co. 63:Predecessors 43:Company type 25: 2615:Matchmakers 2563:Black Magic 2558:After Eight 2516:Brands and 2252:Paul Bulcke 2227:Zephyrhills 2222:Wonder Ball 2177:Jenny Craig 2057:Uncle Tobys 2037:Frosty Paws 2022:Fancy Feast 1974:Yinlu Foods 1959:Uncle Tobys 1919:Hot Pockets 1837:Häagen-Dazs 1832:Frosty Paws 1786:Coffee-Mate 1663:Dolce Gusto 1658:Coffee-Mate 1603:Coffee and 1579:Walnut Whip 1534:Red Ripperz 1469:Matchmakers 1454:Life Savers 1362:Black Magic 1357:Blue Riband 1332:After Eight 1272:Milo Cereal 1262:Lion Cereal 1242:Corn Flakes 1181:Acqua Panna 1090:Dolce Gusto 1048:Yinlu Foods 790:Grimsbylive 721:(1): 1–17. 493:Tom's Foods 405:Tuke family 308:-kin-taw-sh 225:Tom's Foods 2750:Rowntree's 2744:Categories 2532:Fruit Gums 2493:Rowntree's 2398:Post Foods 1944:Stouffer's 1891:and snacks 1822:Eskimo Pie 1791:La Lechera 1776:Bear Brand 1752:Sweet Leaf 1686:Milo cocoa 1676:La Lechera 1544:Rowntree's 1509:Passatempo 1312:Animal Bar 1302:Chocolate 1158:Toll House 1121:Bear Brand 1078:Appliances 1030:Hsu Fu Chi 562:References 551:Mackintosh 393:Castlegate 389:Rowntree's 383:Rowntree's 377:Background 324:Rowntree's 313:trading as 21:Rowntree's 2578:Hoadley's 2167:Hoadley's 2160:Restylane 2125:Deer Park 2115:Baby Ruth 2105:Arrowhead 2100:Alfasigma 1954:Tombstone 1862:Mövenpick 1817:Drumstick 1812:D'Onofrio 1805:Ice cream 1781:Carnation 1742:Starbucks 1712:Nespresso 1640:Carnation 1605:beverages 1559:Sin Parar 1372:Breakaway 1287:Shreddies 1196:Pure Life 1100:Special.T 1095:Nespresso 893:Divisions 387:In 1862, 205:Hoadley's 147:, England 131:Successor 2719:Category 2640:Smarties 2438:Category 2202:PowerBar 2150:Cetaphil 2130:Dreyer's 2065:Cheerios 2032:Friskies 2017:Dog Chow 1909:DiGiorno 1877:Smarties 1747:Supligen 1727:Ovaltine 1707:Nesfruta 1667:Huesitos 1612:Abuelita 1564:Smarties 1519:Perugina 1499:Negresco 1494:Munchies 1479:Milkybar 1392:Cheekies 1387:Carlos V 1352:Big Turk 1317:Abuelita 1227:Chocapic 1222:Cheerios 962:(62.76%) 923:Divested 581:29 April 509:Nik Naks 447:Munchies 152:Products 53:Industry 2729:Commons 2689:Related 2600:Kit Kat 2568:Caramac 2525:Current 2450:Commons 2422:Froneri 2338:Freshly 2281:Related 2075:Weeties 2047:Winalot 2007:Beneful 1964:Winiary 1929:Libby's 1899:Buitoni 1867:Parlour 1857:Maxibon 1852:Kit Kat 1842:Hjem-IS 1796:Nesquik 1717:Nesquik 1691:Nescafé 1654:Chuckie 1625:BabyNes 1621:Acticor 1594:Zvečevo 1569:Svitoch 1437:Kit Kat 1432:Goobers 1417:Drifter 1397:Chokito 1382:Caramac 1377:Cailler 1342:Bar One 1337:Allen's 1247:Fitness 1215:Cereals 1186:Perrier 1176:Contrex 1160:cookies 1152:Libby's 1126:Cerelac 1116:BabyNes 1085:BabyNes 1038:(30.3%) 1036:L'Oréal 1009:Froneri 801:Sources 611:24 June 532:Halifax 471:Kit Kat 451:Caramac 439:Hershey 424:Noisiel 372:History 351:Halifax 332:Kit Kat 182:Kit Kat 164:candies 110: ( 102:Defunct 92: ( 84:Founded 2780:Nestlé 2663:People 2650:Yorkie 2620:Menier 2573:Gale's 2546:Former 2507:Nestlé 2500:Parent 2240:People 2182:Ozarka 2155:Epiduo 2140:Gale's 2135:Enviga 1969:Wagner 1872:Savory 1771:Alpine 1756:Zoégas 1732:Ricoré 1722:Nestea 1702:Nescau 1681:Menier 1617:Alpine 1589:Yorkie 1489:Mirage 1449:Kohler 1427:Garoto 1412:Crunch 1206:Vittel 1145:Baking 1131:Gerber 1070:Brands 1056:(100%) 1054:Malher 1044:(100%) 886:Nestlé 844:  756:  649:  545:, and 528:Nestlé 505:Gale's 482:Yorkie 344:Nestlé 304:-tree 215:Menier 200:Gale's 170:Brands 160:toffee 135:Nestlé 125:Nestlé 2095:Alcon 2027:Felix 2012:Bonio 1949:Thomy 1939:Maggi 1914:Herta 1635:Boost 1422:Fox's 1407:Crisp 1050:(60%) 1032:(60%) 827:(PDF) 812:(PDF) 557:Notes 395:, in 2635:Rolo 2625:Polo 2610:Lion 2553:Aero 2418:Mars 2070:PLUS 1992:Alpo 1671:Klim 1645:Caro 1539:Rolo 1524:Polo 1484:Milo 1459:Lion 1367:Bono 1322:Aero 1282:Trix 1136:Nido 1042:Osem 842:ISBN 754:ISBN 647:ISBN 613:2014 583:2023 536:York 534:and 480:The 453:and 443:Rolo 422:and 420:Elst 397:York 366:York 338:and 336:Aero 326:and 320:York 302:ROWN 177:Aero 145:York 120:Fate 112:1987 105:1987 94:1969 87:1969 2412:. 2042:ONE 1827:Fab 1574:TEX 750:264 723:doi 399:by 311:), 306:MAH 2746:: 2414:NA 820:18 818:. 814:. 788:. 752:. 717:. 685:^ 621:^ 592:^ 457:. 449:, 445:, 426:. 334:, 263:iː 251:aʊ 162:, 158:, 2485:e 2478:t 2471:v 878:e 871:t 864:v 850:. 762:. 729:. 725:: 719:9 655:. 615:. 585:. 295:/ 292:ʃ 289:ɒ 286:t 283:n 280:ɪ 277:k 274:æ 271:m 268:ˈ 260:r 257:t 254:n 248:r 245:ˈ 242:/ 238:( 114:) 96:) 23:.

Index

Rowntree's

Joint Venture
Confectionery
Rowntree Co.
Mackintosh Co.
Nestlé
Nestlé
York
Chocolate bars
toffee
candies
Aero
Kit Kat
Subsidiaries
Gale's
Hoadley's
Hot Sam Pretzels
Menier
Laura Secord
Tom's Foods
/ˈrntrˈmækɪntɒʃ/
ROWN-tree MAH-kin-taw-sh
trading as
York
Rowntree's
John Mackintosh Co.
Kit Kat
Aero
Quality Street

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