20:
32:
360:
that snatched away the body of a boy who had already died, substituting a straw doll. The striges made their presence known by their scream, and a manservant attending to the intrusion discovered a woman and ran her through with a sword so that she groaned, but his whole body turned livid and would
201:; she and her bear-like sons Agrios and Oreios were transformed into birds as punishment for their cannibalism. Here the strix is described as (a bird) "that cries by night, without food or drink, with head below and tips of feet above, a harbinger of war and civil strife to men".
409:
also came to mean "witches". One paper speculates that this meaning is as old as the 4th century BC, on the basis that in the origin myth of Boios, various names can be connected to the
Macedonia-Thrace region well known for witches. But more concrete examples occur in Ovid's
1083:, p. 135: "As woman-bird, she is .. possessed of a craving for human flesh and blood. Boio transfers this quality to her offspring in human form, to Agrios alone in avian form ."
235:
as a "terror" to mankind, but noted a widespread belief in Italy that it was a "bloodthirsty monster in bird form." This study surmises that the Greeks later borrowed the concept of
1226:, pp. 330–331 only refers to Carna obtaining her power as compensation for Janus raping her, but the earlier passage in Ovid states a white wand was given to her. Ovid,
1059:
Latin translation: "Polyphonte in Stygem mutata est, avem noctu canentem, cibi potusque exsortem, caput deorsum, pedes imos habentem, belli et seditionis hominibus nuciam"
281:("vampyre owls") devouring the diners' gastrointestinal organs while still alive, and shortening their lifespan. Commentators point to this as attestation that the
1603:
790:
branch, and placating the evil with chopped entrails of pigs, etc. This constitutes an explanation for the custom of eating beans and bacon on the
148:, they threatened to do more harm than that. They were said to disembowel an infant and feed on its blood. Ovid allows the possibilities of the
560:
is the
Romanian male vampire. Both can scream loudly, especially when they become poltergeists—a trait they have in common with the banshees.
1417:
129:
dismissed this as nonsense and remarked it was impossible to establish what bird was meant by this. The same habit, where the strix
204:
The tale only survives in the form as recorded by
Antonius who flourished 100–300 AD, but it preserved an older tale from the lost
90:. This is the only thorough description of the strix in Classical literature. Elsewhere, it is described as being dark-colored.
315:
in his cradle. The assault was detected and interrupted but left the infant with scars on his cheeks and discoloration of his
231:
dating back to this age (4th century BC). In an opposing view, one study failed to find the ancient Greeks subscribing to the
1349:
84:
is described as a large-headed bird with transfixed eyes, rapacious beak, greyish white wings, and hooked claws in Ovid's
1783:
402:'s rejuvenating concoction which she boiled in a cauldron used a long list of ingredients, including the strix's wings.
1793:
1778:
991:
108:) was a nocturnally crying creature which positioned its feet upwards and head below, according to a pre-300 BC Greek
1682:
1615:
1176:
1036:
1025:
881:
870:
112:. It is probably meant to be (and translated as) an owl, but is highly suggestive of a bat which hangs upside-down.
1693:
833:
997:
753:
528:
in both name and sense as defined by
Medieval lexicographers was in use throughout central and eastern Europe.
1626:
619:
286:
1489:
1285:
516:. He wrote that they sometimes had corporeal bodies and wore clothing, and sometimes appeared as spirits.
458:, they were punished in Hades by being tied to a pillar with snakes, with a strix perched on that column.
124:
369:
Pliny's comment that "...employed in maledictions" signified that its name invoked in "potent" magic
380:
There are several examples of the strix's plumage, etc., said to be used as an ingredient in magic.
569:
860:
743:
Their name was once used as a curse being the only other piece of information Pliny gives here.
419:
1656:
1633:
1425:
1366:
1231:
1188:
1015:
1599:
1180:
783:
1703:
McDonough, Christopher
Michael (1997). "Carna, Proca and the Strix on the Kalends of June".
239:
as witches, a concept articulated in Ovid, and one scholar estimates the Greeks adopted the
224:
8:
697:
176:
56:
36:
1756:
1729:
1720:
471:
447:
24:
1331:
Propertius, iii, 6, 29. The woman
Cynthia accuses her rival of using the love potion.
1289:
defined "II. In partic., a curse, imprecation" and "II B. transf., a cursed thing" in
1788:
1678:
1650:
1622:
1611:
1032:
1021:
877:
866:
1748:
1712:
1641:
1290:
1103:'s Latin comedy was a reworking of a hypothetical "Greek original belonging to the
481:
216:
119:
in later folklore was a bird which squirted milk upon the lips of (human) infants.
227:
with her sons, and seeks to reconstruct an ancient Greek belief in the man-eating
1672:
386:
120:
1566:
1555:
1514:
1315:
714:
507:
489:
243:
as "child-murdering horrors" by the "last centuries BC". The modern Greek form
1772:
1577:
1104:
1096:
787:
592:
583:
194:
60:
639:
770:
299:
86:
1404:
1259:
The same work also notes the striges would feed on the marrow or sinews (
476:
467:
391:
109:
19:
1608:
The
Metamorphoses of Antoninus Liberalis: A Translation with Commentary
543:
418:
as transformations of hags is offered as one possible explanation, and
395:
374:
353:
316:
198:
170:
64:
1760:
1733:
1724:
1695:
Modern Greek folklore and ancient Greek religion: a study in survivals
1741:
Transactions and
Proceedings of the American Philological Association
727:
726:
In the ancient world the bat was commonly classified as a bird; only
348:
343:
323:
away from the newborn prince was subsequently performed by the nymph
269:
130:
898:
422:(fl. late 2nd century) glossed as "women who practice witchcraft" "(
1752:
1716:
730:
differed, considering it halfway between bird and land animal. See
597:
565:
443:
373:
according to one interpretation, but it may have only been used as
274:
152:
being birds of nature, or products of magic, or transformations by
134:
1739:
Oliphant, Samuel Grant (1913). "The Story of the Strix: Ancient".
1652:
The Fasti, Tristia, Pontic
Epistles, Ibis, and Halieuticon of Ovid
596:; historically, this genus was (erroneously) thought to extend to
223:
herself did not perpetrate harm on humans. But one paper suggests
1644:, Thomas Muncker. apud Sam. et Joan. Luchtmans. pp. 137–143.
1444:
1396:
1100:
791:
577:
573:
556:
455:
264:
31:
766:
614:
542:. This word itself gave a term sometimes also used in English,
381:
324:
312:
138:
27:, may have influenced Greek ideas of the blood-drinking strix.
689:
609:
587:
399:
370:
332:
209:
153:
1296:
352:(late 1st century AD) includes a tale told by the character
141:
on the infant was the prescribed amulet to ward against it.
1674:
The Witch: A History of Fear, from
Ancient Times to Present
1400:
1193:
1159:
1157:
967:
304:
1495:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1017:
Flights of Fancy: Birds in Myth, Legend, and Superstition
710:
390:, wrote that the strix's feathers are an ingredient in a
133:
foul-smelling milk onto an infant's lips is mentioned by
63:, that fed on human flesh and blood. It also referred to
1205:
1154:
1115:
1113:
273:
dated to 191 BC, in which an inferior cook's cuisine is
1377:
1137:
1062:
955:
926:, p. 136. And p. 145, " found the Titinian strix".
902:) is rather vague, and may not be indicative of color.
442:
owls which cry in the marshes in Hades, by the edge of
159:
1705:
Transactions of the American Philological Association
1110:
936:
934:
932:
1125:
327:(or goddess Carna), who owned a wand of whitethorn (
292:
258:
929:
554:is the name of the Romanian feminine vampire, and
1407:, and the source of these rivers are the Tartaus.
426:)" or "flying women" ("witches" by transference)
377:, reflecting its regard as an accursed creature.
1770:
1041:
1747:. The Johns Hopkins University Press: 133–149.
1711:. The Johns Hopkins University Press: 315–344.
1698:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 176–179.
1585:
922:II, 188, Latin passage quoted and discussed by
986:
984:
982:
249:may betray an influence of a Latin diminutive
35:"Le Stryge" Chimera overlooks Paris from atop
23:The appearance and calls of owls, such as the
1242:
1240:
990:Bostock, John; Riley, H.T., ed., tr., Pliny,
212:, dated to before the end of 4th century BC.
1638:Antōninou Liberalis Metamorphōseōn Sunagōgē
979:
674:
664:
658:
250:
244:
188:
103:
1237:
914:
912:
649:
647:
466:The legend of the strix survived into the
1702:
1302:
1223:
1211:
1163:
335:, which could expel evil from all doors.
67:and related malevolent folkloric beings.
59:, was a bird of ill omen, the product of
1738:
1464:
1452:
1432:
1353:
1332:
1319:
1272:
1247:
1199:
1148:
1092:
1080:
1068:
973:
949:
923:
903:
854:
852:
850:
848:
731:
572:. In Albanian folklore, we can find the
30:
18:
1631:
1597:
1538:John of Damascus, I, p. 473, in Migne,
1365:Frazer, James George (1929) ed., Ovid,
1047:
961:
945:
909:
832:Frazer, James George (1933) ed., Ovid,
828:
826:
824:
644:
519:
364:
1771:
1691:
1670:
1543:
1526:
1501:
1435:, p. 138: "Tartarean birds", etc.
1383:
1359:
1230:6.110ff. Riley, Thomas H. (1851) tr.,
1131:
1119:
862:Birds in the Ancient World from A to Z
858:
75:
1648:
845:
839:
794:of June as votive offerings to Carna.
546:, a form of witchcraft. In Romanian,
1649:Ovid (1851). Riley, Henry T. (ed.).
1610:. Psychology Press. pp. 77–78.
1013:
1007:
821:
625:
164:
454:. Also, according to the legend of
160:Classical tales of bloodthirstiness
13:
1423:, 686ff; Wilson, Emily (2010) tr.
14:
1805:
1020:. Random House Publishing Group.
782:The ritual involved stroking the
620:Vampires in popular culture#Strix
564:is also the Romanian name of the
414:(early 1st century AD) where the
1480:, as in Antonius Libellus above.
1399:, one of two rivers forming the
1348:VII, 269. More, Brookes (1922),
948:, pp. 77–78, summarized in
713:was the only winged animal with
293:Ovid's account of striges attack
259:Early passing reference in Latin
1571:
1560:
1549:
1532:
1507:
1483:
1470:
1458:
1438:
1431:, pp. 159–160. Seneca cited by
1410:
1389:
1338:
1325:
1308:
1278:
1266:
1253:
1217:
1169:
1086:
1074:
1053:
803:Strymon, Thraissa and Triballos
797:
776:
765:Procas was a legendary king of
759:
752:Although this is an example of
746:
737:
720:
703:
263:The first Latin allusion is in
1692:Lawson, John Cuthbert (1910).
1175:Riley, Henry Thomas tr. (1912)
886:
682:
632:
534:(obviously derived from Latin
70:
1:
1636:. In Verheyk, Hendrik (ed.).
1513:John of Damascus, I, p. 473 (
865:. Routledge. pp. 2032f.
810:
429:
285:were regarded as man-eating (
137:, who noted the placement of
1632:Antoninus Liberalis (1774).
1598:Antoninus Liberalis (1992).
1586:General and cited references
859:Arnott, W. Geoffrey (2007).
815:
338:
156:using magical incantations.
7:
1374:, p. 143, notes to VI. 131.
1179:. Morris, E. P., ed. (1895)
603:
461:
93:
16:Folkloric bird of antiquity
10:
1810:
1784:Mythological birds of prey
1275:, p. 137, and note 10
1177:Pseudolus, Act. 3, Scene 2
538:) is the Italian term for
394:, as has his contemporary
168:
1794:Roman legendary creatures
1779:Greek legendary creatures
1677:. Yale University Press.
1518:
1095:, p. 135. Accepting
920:Scaen. Rom. Poesis Fragg.
675:
665:
659:
511:
493:
480:. In the 7th–8th century
245:
189:
104:
1476:Hyginus spells the bird
1246:Satyricon 63, quoted in
311:targeted legendary king
1671:Hutton, Ronald (2017).
1107:of the fourth century."
319:. A ritual to keep the
55:), in the mythology of
1655:. H. G. Bohn. p.
942:Μεταμορφώσεων Συναγωγή
918:Titinius, in Ribbeck,
786:and threshold with an
576:, and in Slavic - the
420:Sextus Pompeius Festus
361:die a few days later.
251:
144:In the case of Ovid's
40:
28:
940:Antoninus Liberalis,
586:named the biological
570:death's-head hawkmoth
34:
22:
1542:, p. 1604. Cited by
1525:, p. 1604. Cited by
1504:, pp. 178, 181.
1403:of the residence of
1099:'s postulation that
1014:Tate, Peter (2011).
520:Modern derived terms
424:maleficis mulieribus
365:Magical associations
225:guilt by association
1490:Etymologiae book 12
1314:Made by "the witch
1305:, pp. 325–326.
1202:, pp. 135–136.
999:Naturalis Historia'
993:The Natural History
976:, pp. 134–135.
698:Antoninus Liberalis
331:), given to her by
177:Antoninus Liberalis
76:Physical appearance
57:classical antiquity
37:Notre-Dame de Paris
952:, pp. 133–134
944:21, translated in
842:, p. 216, tr.
700:, described below.
494:στρίγγαι, Στρῦγγαι
456:Otus and Ephialtes
448:Seneca the Younger
41:
29:
25:Eurasian scops owl
1665:Secondary sources
1634:"XXI. Polyphonte"
1540:Patrologia Graeca
1523:Patrologia Graeca
1467:, p. 138, note 11
1386:, pp. 69–70.
1291:Lewis & Short
964:, pp. 77–78.
626:Explanatory notes
470:, as recorded in
356:, describing the
219:, the ill-omened
165:Greek origin myth
1801:
1764:
1728:
1699:
1688:
1660:
1645:
1642:Wilhelm Xylander
1621:
1604:Celoria, Francis
1600:"21. Polyphonte"
1580:
1575:
1569:
1564:
1558:
1553:
1547:
1536:
1530:
1520:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1422:
1414:
1408:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1363:
1357:
1342:
1336:
1329:
1323:
1312:
1306:
1303:McDonough (1997)
1300:
1294:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1263:) of the living.
1257:
1251:
1244:
1235:
1224:McDonough (1997)
1221:
1215:
1212:McDonough (1997)
1209:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1181:T. Macci Plauti
1173:
1167:
1164:McDonough (1997)
1161:
1152:
1146:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1108:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1031:
1011:
1005:
988:
977:
971:
965:
959:
953:
938:
927:
916:
907:
890:
884:
876:
856:
843:
830:
804:
801:
795:
780:
774:
763:
757:
750:
744:
741:
735:
724:
718:
707:
701:
686:
680:
678:
677:
669:), emended from
668:
667:
662:
661:
651:
642:
636:
590:of earless owls
550:means 'scream',
513:
495:
482:John of Damascus
438:, vultures, and
254:
248:
247:
192:
191:
107:
106:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1685:
1618:
1592:Primary sources
1588:
1583:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1550:
1537:
1533:
1512:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1488:
1484:
1475:
1471:
1465:Oliphant (1913)
1463:
1459:
1453:Oliphant (1913)
1443:
1439:
1433:Oliphant (1913)
1424:
1419:Hercules Furens
1416:
1415:
1411:
1395:The spot is by
1394:
1390:
1382:
1378:
1364:
1360:
1354:Oliphant (1913)
1343:
1339:
1333:Oliphant (1913)
1330:
1326:
1320:Oliphant (1913)
1313:
1309:
1301:
1297:
1283:
1279:
1273:Oliphant (1913)
1271:
1267:
1258:
1254:
1248:Oliphant (1913)
1245:
1238:
1222:
1218:
1210:
1206:
1200:Oliphant (1913)
1198:
1194:
1174:
1170:
1162:
1155:
1149:Oliphant (1913)
1147:
1138:
1130:
1126:
1118:
1111:
1093:Oliphant (1913)
1091:
1087:
1081:Oliphant (1913)
1079:
1075:
1069:Oliphant (1913)
1067:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1046:
1042:
1028:
1012:
1008:
989:
980:
974:Oliphant (1913)
972:
968:
960:
956:
950:Oliphant (1913)
939:
930:
924:Oliphant (1913)
917:
910:
904:Oliphant (1913)
891:
887:
873:
857:
846:
831:
822:
818:
813:
808:
807:
802:
798:
781:
777:
764:
760:
751:
747:
742:
738:
732:Oliphant (1913)
725:
721:
708:
704:
696:, preserved by
687:
683:
652:
645:
637:
633:
628:
606:
524:The Latin term
522:
504:) in his entry
488:(Greek plural:
464:
452:Hercules Furens
432:
367:
341:
295:
287:anthropophagism
261:
173:
167:
162:
126:Natural History
96:
78:
73:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1807:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1766:
1765:
1753:10.2307/282549
1736:
1717:10.2307/284396
1700:
1689:
1683:
1662:
1661:
1646:
1629:
1616:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1570:
1559:
1548:
1531:
1506:
1494:
1482:
1469:
1457:
1455:, p. 138.
1437:
1409:
1388:
1376:
1358:
1346:Metamporphosis
1337:
1335:, p. 137.
1324:
1307:
1295:
1277:
1265:
1252:
1236:
1216:
1214:, p. 315.
1204:
1192:
1168:
1166:, p. 319.
1153:
1151:, p. 135.
1136:
1124:
1122:, p. 180.
1109:
1085:
1073:
1071:, p. 134.
1061:
1052:
1048:Verheyk (1774)
1040:
1026:
1006:
978:
966:
962:Celoria (1992)
954:
946:Celoria (1992)
928:
908:
906:, p. 136.
885:
871:
844:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
806:
805:
796:
775:
758:
754:figurative use
745:
736:
734:, p. 134 n. 4.
719:
715:mammary glands
702:
681:
643:
630:
629:
627:
624:
623:
622:
617:
612:
605:
602:
578:strzyga/stryha
521:
518:
506:Perī Stryggōn
463:
460:
431:
428:
366:
363:
340:
337:
294:
291:
260:
257:
215:In this Greek
166:
163:
161:
158:
105:στρίξ, στριγός
95:
92:
77:
74:
72:
69:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1806:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1690:
1686:
1684:9780300229042
1680:
1676:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1617:9780415068963
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1563:
1557:
1552:
1546:, p. 144
1545:
1544:Lawson (1910)
1541:
1535:
1529:, p. 178
1528:
1527:Lawson (1910)
1524:
1521:), in Migne,
1519:περί Στρυγγῶν
1516:
1510:
1503:
1502:Lawson (1910)
1498:
1491:
1486:
1479:
1473:
1466:
1461:
1454:
1451:28, cited by
1450:
1446:
1441:
1434:
1429:
1428:
1427:Six Tragedies
1421:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1385:
1384:Hutton (2017)
1380:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1356:, p. 137
1355:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1334:
1328:
1322:, p. 137
1321:
1317:
1311:
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1250:, p. 144
1249:
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1225:
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1213:
1208:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1178:
1172:
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1158:
1150:
1145:
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1141:
1134:, p. 69.
1133:
1132:Hutton (2017)
1128:
1121:
1120:Lawson (1910)
1116:
1114:
1106:
1105:Middle comedy
1102:
1098:
1097:Theodor Bergk
1094:
1089:
1082:
1077:
1070:
1065:
1056:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1037:9780307783974
1034:
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1027:9780307783974
1023:
1019:
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905:
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895:
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882:9781134556250
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872:9781134556250
868:
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772:
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723:
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512:περί Στρυγγῶν
509:
503:
499:
491:
487:
483:
479:
478:
473:
469:
459:
457:
453:
449:
446:according to
445:
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211:
207:
202:
200:
196:
195:metamorphosis
186:
182:
181:Metamorphoses
178:
175:According to
172:
157:
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151:
147:
142:
140:
136:
132:
128:
127:
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118:
113:
111:
101:
91:
89:
88:
83:
68:
66:
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61:metamorphosis
58:
54:
50:
46:
38:
33:
26:
21:
1744:
1740:
1708:
1704:
1694:
1673:
1664:
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1651:
1637:
1607:
1591:
1590:
1573:
1562:
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1522:
1509:
1497:
1485:
1477:
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1460:
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1367:
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1345:
1340:
1327:
1310:
1298:
1284:
1280:
1268:
1260:
1255:
1227:
1219:
1207:
1195:
1189:note, p. 171
1187:, p. 57 and
1182:
1171:
1127:
1088:
1076:
1064:
1055:
1043:
1016:
1009:
1002:
998:
992:
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957:
941:
919:
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893:
888:
861:
840:Riley (1851)
834:
799:
778:
771:Roman Empire
761:
748:
739:
722:
705:
694:Ornithologia
693:
688:The myth is
684:
670:
654:
634:
591:
582:
561:
555:
551:
547:
539:
535:
531:
530:
525:
523:
505:
501:
497:
485:
484:equated the
475:
465:
451:
439:
435:
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423:
415:
411:
406:
404:
385:
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368:
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328:
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308:
298:
296:
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278:
275:metaphorized
268:
262:
240:
236:
232:
228:
220:
214:
206:Ornithologia
205:
203:
184:
180:
174:
149:
145:
143:
125:
116:
114:
99:
97:
85:
81:
79:
52:
48:
44:
42:
1492:, ch. 7.42.
1352:. Cited by
1350:translation
1234:, p. 214ff.
769:before the
568:and of the
496:) with the
477:Etymologiae
468:Middle Ages
450:'s tragedy
392:love potion
110:origin myth
71:Description
1773:Categories
1627:0415068967
1578:DEX Online
1567:DEX Online
1556:DEX Online
892:The Latin
838:VI. 131–,
811:References
709:Since the
676:ϛύξ / στύξ
552:strigoaică
544:stregheria
434:There are
430:Underworld
396:Propertius
375:curse-word
354:Trimalchio
317:complexion
297:In Ovid's
199:Polyphonte
171:Polyphonte
169:See also:
1183:Pseudolus
1003:, xi.232.
996:, xi.95.
816:Citations
728:Aristotle
598:barn owls
498:gelloudes
349:Satyricon
346:'s novel
344:Petronius
339:Satyricon
270:Pseudolus
267:' comedy
1789:Vampires
1286:mălĕdīco
1050:, p. 140
640:canities
604:See also
584:Linnaeus
566:barn owl
500:(pl. of
486:stiriges
462:Medieval
444:Tartarus
252:strigula
193:) was a
135:Titinius
131:lactates
94:Behavior
47:(plural
1606:(ed.).
1449:Fabulae
1445:Hyginus
1397:Cocytus
1316:Canidia
1101:Plautus
792:Kalends
788:arbutus
638:Latin:
574:shtriga
562:Strigăt
557:strigoi
548:strigăt
472:Isidore
436:striges
416:striges
407:striges
384:in his
358:striges
321:striges
309:striges
307:), the
283:striges
279:striges
277:as the
265:Plautus
246:στρίγλα
154:witches
150:striges
146:striges
123:in his
65:witches
53:strixes
49:striges
1761:282549
1759:
1734:284396
1732:
1725:284396
1723:
1681:
1625:
1614:
1344:Ovid,
1261:nervus
1035:
1024:
880:
869:
784:lintel
767:Latium
653:Greek
615:Lilith
536:striga
532:Strega
526:striga
387:Epodes
382:Horace
371:curses
325:Cranae
313:Procas
183:, the
139:garlic
1757:JSTOR
1730:JSTOR
1721:JSTOR
1602:. In
1515:Greek
1368:Fasti
1232:Fasti
1228:Fasti
835:Fasti
690:Boios
666:ϛρίγξ
660:στρίξ
655:strīx
610:Lamia
593:Strix
588:genus
540:witch
508:Greek
502:gello
490:Greek
412:Fasti
400:Medea
333:Janus
329:spina
300:Fasti
241:strix
237:strix
233:strīx
229:strīx
221:strīx
210:Boios
190:στρίξ
185:strīx
121:Pliny
117:strix
100:strīx
87:Fasti
82:strix
45:strix
1679:ISBN
1623:ISBN
1612:ISBN
1478:styx
1401:moat
1033:ISBN
1022:ISBN
899:ater
894:atra
878:ISBN
867:ISBN
671:styx
440:bubo
405:The
305:8 AD
217:myth
115:The
98:The
80:The
43:The
1749:doi
1713:doi
1709:127
1657:216
1405:Dis
1318:":
1185:820
711:bat
692:'s
663:or
474:'s
289:).
208:by
197:of
179:'s
51:or
1775::
1755:.
1745:44
1743:.
1719:.
1707:.
1640:.
1517::
1447:,
1239:^
1156:^
1139:^
1112:^
981:^
931:^
911:^
847:^
823:^
679:).
646:^
600:.
580:.
510::
492::
398:.
255:.
1763:.
1751::
1727:.
1715::
1687:.
1659:.
1620:.
1372:4
1293:.
1030:.
896:(
875:.
773:.
756:.
717:.
673:(
657:(
514:)
303:(
187:(
102:(
39:.
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