7643:
shared with other extended family members. Extended families are made up of various individuals and families who have shared responsibilities within the community. This extended family is one of the core aspects of every
African community. "An African will refer to an older person as auntie or uncle. Siblings of parents will be called father or mother rather than uncle and aunt. Cousins will be called brother or sister". This system can be very difficult for outsiders to understand; however, it is no less important. "Also reflecting their communal ethic, Africans are reluctant to stand out in a crowd or to appear different from their neighbors or colleagues, a result of social pressure to avoid offense to group standards and traditions." Women also have a very important role in African culture because they take care of the house and children. Traditionally, in many cultures "men do the heavy work of clearing and ploughing the land, women sow the seeds, tend the fields, harvest the crops, haul the water, and bear the major burden for growing the family's food". Despite their work in the fields, women are expected to be subservient to men in some African cultures. "When young women migrate to cities, this imbalance between the sexes, as well as financial need, often causes young women of lower economic status, who lack education and job training, to have sexual relationships with older men who are established in their work or profession and can afford to support a girlfriend or two".
6484:, with 80% of the total world's annual mine production and 88% of the world's platinum reserve. Sub-Saharan Africa produces 33% of the world's bauxite, with Guinea as the major supplier. Zambia is a major producer of copper. The Democratic Republic of Congo is a major source of coltan. Production from DR Congo is very small, but the country has 80% of the proven reserves in Africa, which are 80% of those worldwide. Sub-Saharan Africa is a major producer of gold, producing up to 30% of global production. Major suppliers are South Africa, Ghana, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Guinea, and Mali. South Africa had been first in the world in terms of gold production since 1905, but in 2007 it moved to second place, according to GFMS, the precious metals consultancy. Uranium is major commodity from the region. Significant suppliers are Niger, Namibia, and South Africa. Namibia was the number one supplier from sub-Saharan Africa in 2008. The region produces 49% of the world's
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children) in the region benefit from school meal programs, and about 82% of the funding for these programs is provided by governments. Nonetheless, a lot must yet happen for this region to catch up. The statistics show that the literacy rate for sub-Saharan Africa was 65% in 2017. In other words, one-third of the people aged 15 and above were unable to read and write. The comparative figure for 1984 was an illiteracy rate of 49%. In 2017, only about 22% of
Africans were internet users at all, according to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
6802:
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47:
6496:. All reasons for this global scramble come from the reserves' economic benefits. Transportation cost is low and no pipelines have to be laid as in Central Asia. Almost all reserves are offshore, so political turmoil within the host country will not directly interfere with operations. Sub-Saharan oil is viscous, with a very low sulfur content. This quickens the refining process and effectively reduces costs. New sources of oil are being located in sub-Saharan Africa more frequently than anywhere else. Of all new sources of oil,
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7702:. Sub-Saharan African art is meant to be experienced in three dimensions, not two. A house is meant to be experienced from all angles. Third, art is meant to be performed. Sub-Saharan Africans have a specific name for masks. The name incorporates the sculpture, the dance, and the spirit that incorporates the mask. The name denotes all three elements. Fourth, art that serves a practical function. The artist and craftsman are not separate. A sculpture shaped like a hand can be used as a stool. Fifth, the use of
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7711:, a British art historian, has compared it to the logarithmic mapping of natural growth by biologist D'Arcy Thompson. Lastly, sub-Saharan African art is visually abstract, instead of naturalistic. Sub-Saharan African art represents spiritual notions, social norms, ideas, values, etc. An artist might exaggerate the head of a sculpture in relation to the body not because he does not know anatomy but because he wants to illustrate that the head is the seat of knowledge and wisdom.
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6758:, the private sector represents the majority of capital expenditure. Overall, aid, the private sector and non-OECD financiers between them exceed state spending. The private sector spending alone equals state capital expenditure, though the majority is focused on ICT infrastructure investments. External financing increased from $ 7 billion (2002) to $ 27 billion (2009). China, in particular, has emerged as an important investor.
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7079:(UNAIDS), the number of HIV positive people in Africa receiving anti-retro viral treatment in 2012 was over seven times the number receiving treatment in 2005, with an almost 1 million added in the last year alone. The number of AIDS-related deaths in sub-Saharan Africa in 2011 was 33 per cent less than the number in 2005. The number of new HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa in 2011 was 25 per cent less than the number in 2001.
6939:
education. In Rwanda, the first year of secondary school was attached to primary education in 2009, which significantly increased the number of pupils enrolled at this level of education. In 2012, the primary completion rate (PCR) – which measures the proportion of children reaching the final year of primary school – was 70%, meaning that more than three out of ten children entering primary school do not reach the final primary year.
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Niger, for example, the number of children entering school increased by more than three-and-a-half times between 1999 and 2011. In
Ethiopia, over the same period, over 8.5 million more children were admitted to primary school. The net rate of first-year access in sub-Saharan Africa has thus risen by 19 points in 12 years, from 58% in 1999 to 77% in 2011. Despite the considerable efforts, the latest available data from the
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13523:: Angola, Benin, Burundi, Burkina Faso, the Central African Republic, Cameroon, Chad, the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, the Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, and Zambia
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6829:, the South African Minister of Science and Technology, even with the drain enrollments in sub-Saharan African universities tripled between 1991 and 2005, expanding at an annual rate of 8.7%, which is one of the highest regional growth rates in the world. In the last 10 to 15 years interest in pursuing university-level degrees abroad has increased.
7143:. The healthcare system has five levels of providers: health posts which are first-level primary care for rural areas, health centers and clinics, district hospitals, regional hospitals, and tertiary hospitals. These programs are funded by the government of Ghana, financial credits, Internally Generated Fund (IGF), and Donors-pooled Health Fund.
8635:. The most talented sub-Saharan African football players find themselves courted and sought after by European leagues. There are currently more than 1000 Africans playing for European clubs. Sub-Saharan Africans have found themselves the target of racism by European fans. FIFA has been trying hard to crack down on racist outburst during games.
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and percentages of
Christians, Muslims and those who practice indigenous religions. The Western Journal of Black Studies, Vol 29, Number 2, June 2005. Discusses the estimations of various almanacs and encyclopedium, placing Britannica's estimate as the most agreed figure. Notes the figure presented at the
6333:(AfDB) and the EU-Africa Infrastructure Trust Fund. These projects must be sustainable, involve a cross-border dimension and/or have a regional impact, involve public and private capital, contribute to poverty alleviation and economic development, and involve at least one country in sub-Saharan Africa.
12859:
Peter
Mitchell et al., The Oxford Handbook of African Archeology (2013), p. 855: "The relatively recent discovery of extensive walled settlements at the transition from the Neolithic to the Early Iron Age in the Chad Basin (Magnavita et al., 2006) indicates what enormous sites and processes may still
6859:
levels of sub-Saharan Africa and Africa, in general, were higher than numeracy levels in South Asia. In the 1940s more than 75% of the population of sub-Saharan Africa was numerate. The numeracy of the West
African countries, Benin and Ghana, was even higher with more than 80% of the population being
6396:
Television is the second major source of information. Because of power shortages, the spread of television viewing has been limited. Eight per cent have television, a total of 62 million. Those in the television industry view the region as an untapped green market. Digital television and pay for
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is cited by
Morehouse University as giving the mid-1990s figure of 278,250,800 Muslims in Africa, but still as 40.8% of the total. These numbers are estimates and remain a matter of conjecture. See Amadu Jacky Kaba. The spread of Christianity and Islam in Africa: a survey and analysis of the numbers
6556:
Sub-Saharan Africa has more variety of grains than anywhere in the world. Between 13,000 and 11,000 BCE wild grains began to be collected as a source of food in the cataract region of the Nile, south of Egypt. The collecting of wild grains as source of food spread to Syria, parts of Turkey, and
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ancient Arabic geography had quite a fixed pattern in listing the countries from the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean: These are al-Misr (Egypt) – al-Muqurra (or other designations for Nubian kingdoms) – al-Habasha (Abyssinia) – Barbara (Berber, i.e. the Somali coast) – Zanj (Azania, i.e. the country of
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languages, is rhythmic and centered around the drum. Sub-Saharan music is polyrhythmic, usually consisting of multiple rhythms in one composition. Dance involves moving multiple body parts. These aspects of sub-Saharan music has been transferred to the new world by enslaved sub-Saharan
Africans and
6942:
Literacy rates have gone up in sub-Saharan Africa, and internet access has improved considerably. At least 39 countries in sub-Saharan Africa have some large-scale school feeding programs, which can improve access to education. In aggregate, 16% of school-age children (and 25% of primary school-age
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increased by 5% per year in sub-Saharan Africa, with major variations between countries, with percentages varying from 1.8% in
Cameroon to over 6% in Burundi. As of 2015, governments in sub-Saharan Africa spend on average 18% of their total budget on education, against 15% in the rest of the world.
6920:
in 2000, with the aim of achieving universal schooling (MDG2) and eliminating gender disparities, especially in primary and secondary education (MDG3). Since the World
Education Forum in Dakar, considerable efforts have been made to respond to these demographic challenges in terms of education. The
6305:
Because of rising prices in commodities such as coal and oil, thermal sources of energy are proving to be too expensive for power generation. Sub-Saharan Africa has the potential to generate 1,750 TWh of energy, of which only 7% has been explored. The failure to exploit its full energy potential is
8509:
In Southern Africa one finds numerous uses of animal hide and skins for clothing. The Ndau in central Mozambique and the Shona mix hide with barkcloth and cotton cloth. Cotton cloth is referred to as machira. Xhosa, Tswana, Sotho, and Swazi also made extensive use of hides. Hides come from cattle,
7642:
Sub-Saharan Africa is diverse, with many communities, villages, and cities, each with their own beliefs and traditions. Traditional African Societies are communal, they believe that the needs of the many far outweigh an individual's needs and achievements. Essentially, an individual's keep must be
6938:
estimates that, for 2012, there were still 57.8 million children who were not in school. Of these, 29.6 million were in sub-Saharan Africa alone, a figure which has not changed for several years. Many sub-Saharan countries have notably included the first year of secondary school in basic
6309:
African governments are taking advantage of the readily available water resources to broaden their energy mix. Hydro Turbine Markets in sub-Saharan Africa generated revenues of $ 120.0 million in 2007 and was estimated to reach $ 425.0 million. Asian countries, notably China, India, and
2217:
According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects, the population of sub-Saharan Africa was 1.1 billion in 2019. The current growth rate is 2.3%. The UN predicts for the region a population between 2 and 2.5 billion by 2050 with a population density of 80 per km compared to 170
6317:
electrical potential. Six hundred million people could be served with electricity based on its photovoltaic potential. In 2003, China promised to train 10,000 technicians from Africa and other developing countries in the use of solar energy technologies over the next five years. Training African
1517:
Archeological finds in Central Africa provide evidence of human settlement that may date back over 10,000 years. According to Zangato and Holl, there is evidence of iron-smelting in the Central African Republic and Cameroon that may date back to 3,000 to 2,500 BCE. Extensive walled sites and
6863:
Higher diversity in Sub-Saharan African countries has been found to lead to a poorer economy. Researchers have argued that this is because of ethnic favoritism in their politics. Sub-Saharan leaders are more likely to provide better resources to their coethnic groups when in power. A study found
6933:
produced multiple results in sub-Saharan Africa. The greatest advance was in access to primary education, which governments had made their absolute priority. The number of children in a primary school in sub-Saharan Africa thus rose from 82 million in 1999 to 136.4 million in 2011. In
6780:
Less than 40% of rural Africans live within two kilometers of an all-season road, the lowest level of rural accessibility in the developing world. Spending on roads averages just below 2% of GDP with varying degree among countries. This compares with 1% of GDP that is typical in industrialised
6674:
says Africa has the potential to become an agricultural superbloc if it can unlock the wealth of the savannahs by allowing farmers to use their land as collateral for credit. There is such international interest in sub-Saharan agriculture, that the World Bank increased its financing of African
6737:
In Africa, it is argued that in order to meet the MDGs, infrastructure investments would need to reach about 15% of GDP (around $ 93 billion a year). Currently, the source of financing varies significantly across sectors. Some sectors are dominated by state spending, others by overseas
6679:
highlighted a new farmland buying frenzy caused by growing population, scarce water supplies and climate change. Chinese interests bought up large swathes of Senegal to supply it with sesame. Aggressive moves by China, South Korea, and Gulf states to buy vast tracts of agricultural land in
6310:
Japan, are playing an active role in power projects across the African continent. The majority of these power projects are hydro-based because of China's vast experience in the construction of hydro-power projects and part of the Energy & Power Growth Partnership Services programme.
1674:. Nubia in her greatest phase is considered sub-Saharan Africa's oldest urban civilisation. Nubia was a major source of gold for the ancient world. Nubians built famous structures and numerous pyramids. Sudan, the site of ancient Nubia, has more pyramids than anywhere else in the world.
7788:
7599:
Sub-Saharan traditional divination systems display great sophistication. For example, the bamana sand divination uses well established symbolic codes that can be reproduced using four bits or marks. A binary system of one or two marks are combined. Random outcomes are generated using a
7798:
Traditional sub-Saharan African music is as diverse as the region's various populations. The common perception of sub-Saharan African music is that it is rhythmic music centered around the drums. This is partially true. A large part of sub-Saharan music, mainly among speakers of
7422:
Traditional religions in sub-Saharan Africa often display complex ontology, cosmology and metaphysics. Mythologies, for example, demonstrated the difficulty fathers of creation had in bringing about order from chaos. Order is what is right and natural and any deviation is chaos.
7107:
is another challenge, with more than half of maternal deaths in the world occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there has generally been progress here as well, as a number of countries in the region have halved their levels of maternal mortality since 1990. Additionally, the
7452:
6781:
countries, and 2–3% of GDP found in fast-growing emerging economies. Although the level of expenditure is high relative to the size of Africa's economies, it remains small in absolute terms, with low-income countries spending an average of about US$ 7 per capita per year.
6864:
that, on average, children of the favored ethnic group are 2.25% more likely to attend primary school and 1.80% more likely to complete primary school. A 1% increase in GDP is associated with a 1.5% increase in the ethnic favoritism effect on primary school attendance.
5903:
Sub-Saharan Africa was severely harmed when government revenue declined from 22% of GDP in 2011 to 17% in 2021. 15 African nations were (or are) at significant risk of debt, and 7 were (2021) in financial crisis according to the IMF. The region went on to receive IMF
16124:
Land-based manganese resources are large but irregularly distributed; those of the United States are very low grade and have potentially high extraction costs. South Africa accounts for about 80% of the world's identified manganese resources, and Ukraine accounts for
1245:
After the Sahara became a desert, it did not present a totally impenetrable barrier for travelers between north and south because of the application of animal husbandry towards carrying water, food, and supplies across the desert. Prior to the introduction of the
2153:. It was later returned to the Dutch in 1803, but soon afterward the Dutch East India Company declared bankruptcy, and the Dutch (now under French control) and the British found themselves at war again. The British captured the Dutch possession yet again at the
7103:, is also endemic to parts of the region. More than 99% of people affected by the illness worldwide live in 31 countries therein. In response, the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) was launched in 1995 with the aim of controlling the disease.
8725:
have produced many notable long-distance athletes. Each country has federations that identify and cultivate top talent. Athletes from Ethiopia and Kenya hold, save for two exceptions, all the men's outdoor records for Olympic distance events from 800m to the
15787:
18988:
7047:, resulting in more efficient and equitable provision of services. A comprehensive approach strategy was extended to all areas of health care, with subsequent improvement in the health care indicators and improvement in health care efficiency and cost.
1407:
in the 11th century. Nri was famous for having a priest-king who wielded no military power. Nri was a rare African state which was a haven for freed slaves and outcasts who sought refuge in their territory. Other major states included the kingdoms of
18056:
6491:
Sub-Saharan Africa has been the focus of an intense race for oil by the West, China, India, and other emerging economies, even though it holds only 10% of proven oil reserves, less than the Middle East. This race has been referred to as the second
1564:
in southeast Congo came about under a king whose political authority derived from religious, spiritual legitimacy. The kingdom controlled agriculture and regional trade of salt and iron from the north and copper from the Zambian/Congo copper belt.
8391:
Like most of the world, sub-Saharan Africans have adopted Western-style clothing. In some countries like Zambia, used Western clothing has flooded markets, causing great angst in the retail community. Sub-Saharan Africa boasts its own traditional
5871:
As of 2011, Africa is one of the fastest developing regions in the world. Six of the world's ten fastest-growing economies over the previous decade were situated below the Sahara, with the remaining four in East and Central Asia. According to the
8758:
in this region has been identified as having the ability to create jobs and improve the economy. South Africa, Namibia, Mauritius, Botswana, Ghana, Cape Verde, Tanzania and Kenya have been identified as having well developed tourism industries.
6659:
and global warming. As of right now Sub-Saharan Africa has degraded land covering one million square kilometres. Biotechnology has been advocated to create high yield, pest and environmentally resistant crops in the hands of small farmers. The
6725:
Infrastructure investments contributed to Africa's growth, and increased investment is necessary to maintain growth and tackle poverty. The returns to investment in infrastructure are very significant, with on average 30–40% returns for
1572:
in the 16th century. The ruling dynasty centralised authority among the Lunda under the Mwata Yamyo or Mwaant Yaav. The Mwata Yamyo's legitimacy, like that of the Luba king, came from being viewed as a spiritual religious guardian. This
17941:
However, Southern Africa is predominantly Christian. According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, as of mid-2002, there were 376,453,000 Christians, 329,869,000 Muslims and 98,734,000 people who practiced traditional religions in Africa.
15337:
6306:
largely due to significant underinvestment, as at least four times as much (approximately $ 23 billion a year) and what is currently spent is invested in operating high cost power systems and not on expanding the infrastructure.
5879:
In 2019, 424 million people in sub-Saharan Africa were reportedly living in severe poverty. In 2022, 460 million people—an increase of 36 million in only three years—were anticipated to be living in extreme poverty as a result of the
7372:-speakers is a belief in a creator god or higher deity, along with ancestor spirits, territorial spirits, evil caused by human ill will and neglecting ancestor spirits, and priests of territorial spirits. New world religions such as
327:, though the organization states that "the assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories."
17244:
Onambele, Luc; Ortega-Leon, Wilfrido; Guillen-Aguinaga, Sara; Forjaz, Maria JoĂŁo; Yoseph, Amanuel; Guillen-Aguinaga, Laura; Alas-Brun, Rosa; Arnedo-Pena, Alberto; Aguinaga-Ontoso, Ines; Guillen-Grima, Francisco (12 October 2022).
18913:
6867:
Sub-Saharan African countries spent an average of 0.3% of their GDP on science and technology in 2007. This represents an increase from US$ 1.8 billion in 2002 to US$ 2.8 billion in 2007, a 50% increase in spending.
6282:
As of 2009, 50% of Africa was rural with no access to electricity. In 2021, Africa generated 889 TWh of electricity, amounting to 3.13% of the global market share. Many countries were (as of 2009) affected by power shortages.
7706:
or non-linear scaling. The shape of the whole is the shape of the parts at different scales. Before the discovery of fractal geometry, Leopold Sedar Senghor, Senegal's first president, referred to this as "dynamic symmetry".
17840:
15878:
6654:
Agriculture represents 20% to 30% of GDP and 50% of exports. In some cases, 60% to 90% of the labor force are employed in agriculture. Most agricultural activity is subsistence farming. This has made agricultural activity
1324:
is a major migration movement that originated in West Central Africa (possibly around Cameroon) around 2500 BCE, reaching East and Central Africa by 1000 BCE and Southern Africa by the early centuries CE.
17542:
11592:
15155:
Africa, Volume 1 of Cities of the world: a compilation of current information on cultural, geographical, and political conditions in the countries and cities of six continents, based on the Department of State's "post
12137:
West Africa may be taken as the country stretching from Senegal in the west, to the Cameroons in the east; sometimes it has been called the central and western Sudan, the Bilad as-SĹ«dan, 'Land of the Blacks', of the
13740:
6344:
with a five-year goal of improving energy access for at least two million people in sub-Saharan Africa. It has so far invested around $ 45 million to renewable energy projects in 13 countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
14077:"The Zaghawa is one of the major divisions of the Beri peoples who live in western Sudan and eastern Chad, and their language, also called Zaghawa, belongs to the Saharan branch of the Nilo-Saharan language group."
15784:
13174:
Chami, Felix A. 2002. "The Egypto-Graeco-Romans and Paanchea/Azania: sailing in the Erythraean Sea." From: Red Sea Trade and Travel. The British Museum. Sunday 6 October 2002. Organised by The Society for Arabian
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6675:
agricultural programs to $ 1.3 billion in the 2011 fiscal year. Recently, there has been a trend to purchase large tracts of land in sub-Sahara for agricultural use by developing countries. Early in 2009,
821:
extends across all of Africa at a latitude of about 10° to 15° N. Countries that include parts of the Sahara Desert proper in their northern territories and parts of the Sahel in their southern region include
13491:
7431:
is also neither simple or linear. It defines duality, the material and immaterial, male and female, heaven and earth. Common principles of being and becoming are widespread: Among the Dogon, the principle of
18060:
6557:
Iran by the eleventh millennium BCE. By the tenth and ninth millennia southwest Asians domesticated their wild grains, wheat, and barley after the notion of collecting wild grains spread from the Nile.
7066:
worldwide. In response, a number of initiatives have been launched to educate the public on HIV/AIDS. Among these are combination prevention programmes, considered to be the most effective initiative, the
5876:, the economic growth rate in the region had risen to 4.7% in 2013. This continued rise was attributed to increasing investment in infrastructure and resources as well as steady expenditure per household.
17095:
8447:, kitenge is known as Chitenge. One of the unique materials, which is not a fiber and is used to make clothing is barkcloth, an innovation of the Baganda people of Uganda. It came from the Mutuba tree (
1577:
or system of divine kings was spread to most of central Africa by rivals in kingship migrating and forming new states. Many new states received legitimacy by claiming descent from the Lunda dynasties.
1997:
referenced in early Greek and Chinese writings from 50 CE to 500 CE. These early writings perhaps document the first wave of Bantu settlers to reach Southeast Africa during their migration.
7866:
Modern sub-Saharan African music has been influenced by music from the New World (Jazz, Salsa, Rhythm and Blues etc.) vice versa being influenced by enslaved sub-Saharan Africans. Popular styles are
17423:
8835:), and a largely Arabized native Nubian population that represents the majority at 70% hence its inclusion in North Africa, but geographically and culturally Sudan is part of Sub Saharan Africa.
1455:, the British expanded their influence into the Nigerian interior. In 1885, British claims to a West African sphere of influence received international recognition, and in the following year the
16965:
523:, the Saharan and sub-Saharan regions of Africa have been separated by the extremely harsh climate of the sparsely populated Sahara, forming an effective barrier that is interrupted only by the
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branch of Afroasiatic is centered in the Horn, and is also spoken in the Nile Valley and parts of the African Great Lakes region. Additionally, the Semitic branch of the family, in the form of
15333:
1985:
The earliest Bantu inhabitants of the Southeast coast of Kenya and Tanzania encountered by these later Arab and Persian settlers have been variously identified with the trading settlements of
16718:
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Casson, Lionel (1989). The Periplus Maris Erythraei. Lionel Casson. (Translation by H. Frisk, 1927, with updates and improvements and detailed notes). Princeton, Princeton University Press.
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17478:
17475:"UNAIDS reports more than 7 million people now on HIV treatment across Africa—with nearly 1 million added in the last year—while new HIV infections and deaths from AIDS continue to fall"
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889:
757:
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The percentage of residences with access to electricity in sub-Saharan Africa is the lowest in the world. In some remote regions, fewer than one in every 20 households has electricity.
1219:
developed in Southern and East Africa by around 350,000 to 260,000 years ago and gradually migrated across the continent in waves. Between 50,000 and 60,000 years ago, their expansion
18848:
As can be seen: 800m is Kenya; 5000m is Ethiopia; 10000m is Ethiopia; marathon is Kenya. The two exceptions are the 1500m and 3000m steeplechase records, though the latter is held by
445:(UN). This is considered a non-standardized geographical region with the number of countries included varying from 46 to 48 depending on the organization describing the region (e.g.
17831:
12548:
8579:. In 2000 Cameroon maintained the continent's supremacy by winning the title too. Momentous achievements for sub-Saharan African football. Famous sub-Saharan football stars include
1463:. In 1900, the company's territory came under the control of the British government, which moved to consolidate its hold over the area of modern Nigeria. On 1 January 1901, Nigeria
4666:") have long been present. The San evince unique physical traits, and are the indigenous people of southern Africa. Pygmies are the pre-Bantu indigenous peoples of Central Africa.
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17535:
11596:
4608:, which covers a greater geographic area than the rest of the family. Bantu speakers represent the majority of inhabitants in southern, central and southeastern Africa, though
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1894:, the mainstream position held within the scientific community, all humans originate from either Southeast Africa or the Horn of Africa. During the first millennium CE,
441:
that are situated fully in that specified region, the term may also include polities that only have part of their territory located in that region, per the definition of the
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is the first world champion to come out of sub-Saharan Africa. Countries such as Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa have produced numerous professional world champions such as
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8843:
only include a band of the Sahel along their southern borders. All other African countries have at least significant portions of their territory within sub-Saharan Africa.
1270:
conquered Egypt in 525 BCE, although large herds did not become common enough in North Africa for camels to be the pack animal of choice for the trans-saharan trade.
438:
16559:
15463:
11990:
7091:
is an endemic illness in sub-Saharan Africa, where the majority of malaria cases and deaths worldwide occur. Routine immunization has been introduced in order to prevent
18144:
15068:
14196:
8510:
sheep, goat, and elephant. Leopard skins were coveted and were a symbol of kingship in Zulu society. Skins were tanned to form leather, dyed, and embedded with beads.
6722:(MDGs). Infrastructure investments and maintenance can be very expensive, especially in such as areas as landlocked, rural and sparsely populated countries in Africa.
12808:
13483:
7604:
recursive process. It is analogous to a digital circuit but can be reproduced on any surface with one or two marks. This system is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa.
16809:
15998:
17390:
16044:
15909:
15438:
13713:
13435:
13406:
2259:
18717:"Prestige Panel [Democratic Republic of Congo; Kuba peoples] (1999.522.15) | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | the Metropolitan Museum of Art"
16943:
16307:
16693:
15386:
6261:
16308:"From the SelectedWorks of Maheta Matteo: From "Blood Diamond" to "Blood Coltan": Should International Corporations Pay the Price for the Rape of the DR Congo?"
15045:
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19894:
17087:
16778:
8506:
In Central Africa, the Kuba people developed raffia cloth from the raffia plant fibers. It was widely used in the region. Barkcloth was also extensively used.
19054:
16444:
National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Science and Technology for International Development (1996). Lost Crops of Africa: Grains. National Academy Press,
15968:
19147:, Agence Française de Développement, Agence universitaire de la Francophonie, Orange & UNESCO, Agence Française de Développement & UNESCO.
16831:
16524:
13553:
18944:
6361:
In 2007, Radio was the major source of information in sub-Saharan Africa. Average coverage stands at more than a third of the population. Countries such as
16108:
18968:
17416:
16245:
15814:
15219:
15130:
13665:
8279:
Traditional Southern African cuisine surrounds meat. Traditional society typically focused on raising sheep, goats, and especially cattle. Dishes include
1234:, pottery was independently invented in West Africa, with the earliest pottery there dating to about 9,400 BC from central Mali. It spread throughout the
1017:
17623:
Verguet S, Jassat W, Hedberg C, Tollman S, Jamison DT, Hofman KJ (February 2012). "Measles control in Sub-Saharan Africa: South Africa as a case study".
14518:
2222:
18039:
16282:
15724:
928:
forests, grasslands, and shrublands are found in the high mountains and mountain ranges of eastern Africa, from the Ethiopian Highlands to South Africa.
16969:
15847:
14337:
6742:(ODA) and yet others by private investors. In sub-Saharan Africa, the state spends around $ 9.4 billion out of a total of $ 24.9 billion. In
1568:
Rival kingship factions which split from the Luba Kingdom later moved among the Lunda people, marrying into its elite and laying the foundation of the
17989:
15489:
11631:"The designation sub-Saharan Africa is commonly used to indicate all of Africa except northern Africa, with the Sudan included in sub-Saharan Africa."
7698:
Although sub-Saharan African art is very diverse, there are some common themes. One is the use of the human figure. Second, there is a preference for
1584:
existed from the Atlantic west to the Kwango river to the east. During the 15th century, the Bakongo farming community was united with its capital at
21183:
20953:
20759:
20529:
16178:
15590:
15104:
13954:
13535:(2009). Africa Development Indicators 2008/2009: From the World Bank Africa Database African Development Indicators. World Bank Publications, p. 28,
9127:
7839:
Some forms of sub-Saharan African music use strings, horns, and very little poly-rhythms. Music from the eastern Sahel and along the Nile, among the
6689:
641:
The geographers drew an explicit ethnographic distinction between the Sudan region and its analogue Zanj, from the area to their extreme east on the
16992:
Agence Française de Développement, Agence universitaire de la Francophonie, Orange, & UNESCO. (2015). Digital Services for Education in Africa.
16715:
13609:
18342:
461:(AU) uses a different regional breakdown, recognizing all 55 member states on the continent—grouping them into five distinct and standard regions.
17575:
16428:
8082:
Southeast African cuisine, especially those of the Swahili people, reflects its Islamic, geographical Indian Ocean cultural links. Dishes include
1118:. They were tool users rather than tool manufacturers. The next major evolutionary step occurred around 2.3 million BCE, when primitive
20335:
20105:
18229:
17773:
17474:
16632:
16590:
18884:
17717:
15514:
13257:
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6840:. However, literacy rates in sub-Saharan Africa vary significantly between countries. The highest registered literacy rate in the region is in
4500:
branch are mainly spoken in the north, with its speech area extending into the Sahel (northern Mauritania, northern Mali, northern Niger). The
16023:
15649:
15360:
12233:
7388:
speakers is the belief in Divinity; evil is caused by divine judgement and retribution; prophets as middlemen between Divinity and man. Among
4580:
family is the largest in the world in terms of the number of languages (1,436) it contains. The vast majority of languages of this family are
18179:
18007:
11886:
8710:
is an international body which oversees cricket in African countries. South Africa and Zimbabwe have their own governing bodies. In 2003 the
281:
18867:
18691:
18669:
18469:
17507:
16141:
12019:
11908:
7043:, and helped reshape the health policy of sub-Saharan Africa. The new strategy dramatically increased accessibility through community-based
1157:(upright man) evolved 1.5 million years ago. Some of the earlier representatives of this species were small-brained and used primitive
1096:
at a time when Africa was drying up, with savanna encroaching on forested areas. This occurred 10 million to 5 million years ago.
14549:
13821:
13189:
12119:
the "blacks"). Correspondingly almost all these terms (or as I believe: all of them!) also appear in ancient and medieval Chinese geography
8924:
7695:
at the Cape in South Africa, dated 77,000 years. Sub-Saharan Africa has some of the oldest and most varied style of rock art in the world.
6964:
6318:
technicians to use solar power is part of the China-Africa science and technology cooperation agreement signed by Chinese science minister
6313:
With electrification numbers, sub-Saharan Africa with access to the Sahara and being in the tropical zones has massive potential for solar
2276:
936:
870:
17368:
14695:
14365:
6916:, provided the opportunity to reiterate and reinforce these goals. This initiative contributed to having education made a priority of the
4465:, Afroasiatic has the oldest documented history of any language family in the world. Egyptian was recorded as early as 3200 BCE. The
19208:
17355:
Knippenberg R, Alihonou E, Soucat A, et al. (June 1997). "Implementation of the Bamako Initiative: strategies in Benin and Guinea".
15197:
14892:
14849:
14771:
14625:
11698:
6952:
6480:. A 2001 estimate is that 42% of the world's reserves of chromium may be found in South Africa. South Africa is the largest producer of
6326:
932:
18716:
18643:
17296:
15013:
14974:
14935:
14810:
14714:
11710:
8555:
Football (soccer) is the most popular sport in sub-Saharan Africa. Sub-Saharan men are its main patrons. Major competitions include the
6278:
Energy sources in sub-Saharan Africa. Fossil fuels and hydroelectric power make up the largest share of sub-Saharan African electricity.
19076:
18548:"African Influences in Modern Art | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art"
14673:
14642:
14568:
14221:
14156:
13983:
8145:, pork and non-fish seafood are avoided by Christians and Muslims. Dairy products and all meats are avoided during lent by Ethiopians.
7076:
6747:
6664:
is a strong advocate and donor to this cause. Biotechnology and GM crops have met resistance both by natives and environmental groups.
1227:
had spread to all corners of the world. This dispersal of the human species is suggested by linguistic, cultural and genetic evidence.
21098:
20674:
19028:
18804:
18746:
17969:
14606:
14587:
13925:
13893:
13796:
Schneider, Edgar Werner and Kortmann, Bernd(2004). A handbook of varieties of English: a multimedia reference tool, Volume 1. Berlin:
13367:
Roland Oliver, et al. "Africa South of the Equator," in Africa Since 1800. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 24–25.
12421:
Scerri, Eleanor M. L.; Thomas, Mark G.; Manica, Andrea; Gunz, Philipp; Stock, Jay T.; Stringer, Chris; Grove, Matt; Groucutt, Huw S.;
20938:
20514:
16997:
16489:"Large scale land investments, household displacement and the effect on land degradation in semiarid agro-pastoral areas of Ethiopia"
14418:
14087:
11004:
1428:, whose power lasted between the 15th and 19th century. Their dominance reached as far as the well-known city of Eko which was named
18826:
14738:
14442:
6393:
outside of South Africa has been limited where it is exorbitantly expensive. Access to the internet via cell phones is on the rise.
2286:
13165:
Chami, F. A. (1999). "The Early Iron Age on Mafia island and its relationship with the mainland." Azania Vol. XXXIV 1999, pp. 1–10.
11268:
1436:-speaking people of Benin are known for their famous bronze casting and rich coral, wealth, ancient science and technology and the
20250:
15303:
13516:
12043:
van Zinderen-Bakker, E.M. (14 April 1962). "A Late-Glacial and Post-Glacial Climatic Correlation between East Africa and Europe".
20090:
17694:
17665:
17601:
7396:, the belief in one's own gods but accepting the existence of other gods; evil here is caused by malevolent spirits. The Semitic
5343:
2193:
1947:
that emerged from these exchanges evinces many Arab and Islamic influences not seen in traditional Bantu culture, as do the many
18551:
18521:
17448:
17018:
15540:
7149:, which was first identified in 1976, occasionally occurs in outbreaks in tropical regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. The 2013–2016
4340:
20958:
20875:
20534:
20451:
20027:
18268:
16546:
16333:
13779:
Peek, Philip M. and Yankah, Kwesi (2004). African folklore: an encyclopedia. London: (Routledge) Taylor & Francis, p. 205,
13639:
12173:
Jonah Blank, Mullahs on the mainframe: Islam and modernity among the Daudi Bohras, (University of Chicago Press, 2001), p. 163.
11941:
10373:
8807:. Nevertheless, some international organisations include Sudan as part of North Africa. Although a long-standing member of the
1891:
557:
18128:
16739:
16211:
14116:
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18577:
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17036:
16872:
16449:
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15370:
15191:
15007:
14968:
14886:
14804:
14012:
13846:
13805:
13699:
13540:
13337:
12875:
12636:
11856:
11831:
11808:
11785:
11762:
7068:
5397:
981:
is at Africa's southern tip, and is home to diverse subtropical and temperate forests, woodlands, grasslands, and shrublands.
18772:
17946:
16466:
13343:
13300:
13234:
13210:
Miller, J. Innes. 1969. Chapter 8: "The Cinnamon Route". In: The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire. Oxford: University Press.
13025:
11842:
1122:
were used to scavenge the carcasses of animals killed by other predators, both for their meat and their marrow. In hunting,
20110:
12828:
9388:
7770:
7150:
6341:
5858:, private-sector investment portfolios, and remittances – began to exceed official development assistance.
5465:
509:
16714:
Ken Gwilliam, Vivien Foster, Rodrigo Archondo-Callao, Cecilia Briceño-Garmendia, Alberto Nogales, and Kavita Sethi(2008).
16363:
12010:"Sahara's Abrupt Desertification Started By Changes In Earth's Orbit, Accelerated By Atmospheric And Vegetation Feedbacks"
11909:"Sahara's Abrupt Desertification Started by Changes in Earth's Orbit, Accelerated by Atmospheric and Vegetation Feedbacks"
11619:"Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic other groupings"
6274:
19448:
16801:
15615:
11940:
Claussen, Mark; Kubatzki, Claudia; Brovkin, Victor; Ganopolski, Andrey; Hoelzmann, Philipp; Pachur, Hans-Joachim (1999).
8576:
7054:
A world map illustrating the proportion of population aged 15-49 infected with HIV in 2019. HIV is endemic especially in
1529:
Trade and improved agricultural techniques supported more sophisticated societies, leading to the early civilizations of
1092:
locomotion and freed hands, giving them a crucial advantage enabling them to live in both forested areas and on the open
442:
17751:
17394:
16040:
15901:
13717:
11731:
9112:
8503:. Adire is a type of Yoruba cloth that is starch resistant. Raffia cloth and barkcloth are also utilised in the region.
19010:
17331:
16939:
16685:
16311:
15990:
15565:
15280:
11848:
320:
17:
14300:
13583:
13461:
12556:
7408:
is non-theistic but a belief in a Spirit or Power of existence which can be tapped in a trance-dance; trance-healers.
6900:
in 1990, delegates from 155 countries and representatives of some 150 organizations gathered with the goal to promote
6258:
4496:
within Africa is principally concentrated in North Africa and the Horn of Africa. Languages belonging to the family's
1741:, Aksum was deeply involved in the trade network between India and the Mediterranean. Growing from the proto-Aksumite
19117:
18613:
18593:
18414:
18362:
18328:
18239:
18074:
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13325:
Societies, religion, and history: central-east Tanzanians and the world they created, c. 200 BCE to 1800 CE
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12694:
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12615:
12300:
12283:
12263:
12104:
8643:
6661:
866:
16770:
14484:
13118:
Daniel Don Nanjira, African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy: From Antiquity to the 21st Century, ABC-CLIO, 2010, p. 114
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11666:
700:
In the 19th and 20th centuries, the populations south of the Sahara were divided into three broad ancestral groups:
15412:
9019:
8567:
is a competition of 16 national teams from various African countries held every two years. South Africa hosted the
6746:, SSA states represent almost all spending; in transport and energy a majority of investment is state spending; in
6518:
2386:
1762:
907:
806:
513:
485:
18936:
16841:
16520:
13561:
13429:"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100"
6329:(NEPAD) is developing an integrated, continent-wide energy strategy. This has been funded by, amongst others, the
20785:
19201:
17144:"Neglected Tropical Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: Review of Their Prevalence, Distribution, and Disease Burden"
16101:
15253:
6935:
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amount of funds raised has been decisive. Between 1999 and 2010, public spending on education as a percentage of
6560:
Numerous crops have been domesticated in the region and spread to other parts of the world. These crops included
2254:
184:
18443:
16604:
15387:"Africa might have dodged a bullet, but systemic warnings abound for poverty reduction efforts on the continent"
8240:
and fufu are eaten in the region. Central African cuisine is very starchy and spicy hot. Dominant crops include
20973:
20549:
19774:
19468:
19180:
18965:
16234:
15870:
15807:
15795:
15227:
15126:
14878:
14874:
Hidden Innovation: Policy, Industry and the Creative Sector (Creative Economy and Innovation Culture Se Series)
14127:
13669:
13258:"The Peoples of the West from the Weilue: A Third Century Chinese Account Composed between 239 and 265 CE"
12572:
11754:
8653:
6707:
2173:. During the 1950s and early 1960s, most sub-Saharan African nations achieved independence from colonial rule.
2070:, whose language incorporates certain linguistic traits from the earlier Khoisan inhabitants. They reached the
2000:
Between the 14th and 15th centuries, large medieval Southeast African kingdoms and states emerged, such as the
1179:
mastered the art of making fire. They were the first hominids to leave Africa, going on to colonize the entire
16271:
16067:
15839:
15699:
14514:
7368:. Traditional African religions can be broken down into linguistic cultural groups, with common themes. Among
1749:
4th century BCE), it rose to prominence by the 1st century CE. The Aksumites constructed monolithic
20832:
20828:
20361:
19789:
19286:
14334:
7349:
4662:
of Southern Africa, the distinct people known as Bushmen (also "San", closely related to, but distinct from "
4344:
219:
19174:
9096:
8656:
governs rugby games in the region. South Africa is a major force in the game and won the Rugby World Cup in
2806:
2209:
1761:, established in the 12th century, built churches out of solid rock. These rock-hewn structures include the
21224:
20125:
19914:
19371:
18088:
16167:
15100:
13587:
7907:
7774:
7343:
7213:
7178:
6917:
6767:
6719:
6656:
2158:
1502:
548:
469:
458:
13962:
8236:
Central African cuisine connects with all major regions of sub-Saharan Africa: Its cuisine reflects that.
1416:
in the western block of Nigeria which became prominent about 700–900 and 1400 respectively, and center of
21229:
21219:
20841:
20408:
20404:
19161:
19158:
From Chaos to Cohesion: A Regional Approach to Security, Stability, and Development in Sub-Saharan Africa
17755:
13841:
Bellwood, Peter S.(2005). First farmers: the origins of agricultural societies. Wiley-Blackwell, p. 218,
13617:
12893:
Shillington, Kevin(2005). History of Africa, Rev. 2nd Ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 138–39, 142,
8707:
7970:
is very diverse. A lot of regional overlapping occurs, but there are dominant elements region by region.
7120:(FGM). Somalia, Guinea, Djibouti, Sierra Leone and Mali have the highest prevalence of FGM in the world.
7072:
7005:
6960:
6929:
In the years immediately after the Dakar Forum, the efforts made by the African States towards achieving
6901:
5885:
2281:
1052:
16662:
8468:
In West Africa, again cotton is the material of choice. In the Sahel and other parts of West Africa the
7739:
7308:). West Africa is the only subregion of sub-Saharan Africa which has a Muslim majority population, and
6821:
countries, predominantly in Europe, the United States and Canada. This has been described as an African
1250:, the use of oxen, mule, and horses for desert crossing was common, and trade routes followed chains of
21234:
21013:
20868:
20589:
20444:
20020:
19749:
19194:
17865:
16425:
16384:
Ghazvinian, John (2008). Untapped: The Scramble for Africa's Oil. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, pp. 1–16,
12628:
8876:
8519:
7352:
are also commonly practiced across sub-Saharan Africa, with these religions being especially common in
6881:
5917:
4620:
groups, respectively, can also be found in those regions. Bantu-speakers can also be found in parts of
2169:
in southeastern South Africa. The small kingdom gained world fame during and after their defeat in the
2024:
1522:, Chad. The area is located approximately 60 km (37 mi) southwest of Lake Chad, and has been
1040:
1007:
708:
in the Horn of Africa and Sahel related to those in North Africa, who spoke languages belonging to the
13554:"Country Comparison :: GDP - per capita (PPP) — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency"
6289:
1885:
1262:
being a major economic force for its establishment. It is thought that the camel was first brought to
1126:
was most likely not capable of competing with large predators and was more prey than hunter, although
21123:
21113:
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16889:
13329:
13261:
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9195:
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8484:
of Ghana and Ivory Coast, from silk of the various moth species in West Africa. Kente comes from the
7369:
7136:
7117:
7032:
5896:
in 2012 to 50% of gross domestic product in 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic caused it to rise to 57% of
5339:
5191:
5084:
4946:
4910:
4809:
4742:
4577:
2138:
1492:
999:
536:
450:
16890:"Does the Leader's Ethnicity Matter? Ethnic Favoritism, Education, and Health in Sub-Saharan Africa"
7947:
7691:, eastern Morocco. The second-oldest abstract form of art, and the oldest rock art, is found in the
917:
In East Africa, woodlands, savannas, and grasslands are found in the equatorial zone, including the
21128:
21018:
20948:
20704:
20594:
20524:
20165:
18299:
18167:
17567:
16020:
13381:
12315:"Southern African ancient genomes estimate modern human divergence to 350,000 to 260,000 years ago"
12225:
11800:
9179:
7939:
7082:
6550:
6337:
6330:
5461:
2470:
2134:
2126:
1928:
On the coastal section of Southeast Africa, a mixed Bantu community developed through contact with
1705:
1220:
1076:, early hominid skull anatomy was similar to that of their close cousins, the great African forest
18014:
17219:
17065:
School Meal Programs Around the World: Results from the 2021 Global Survey of School Meal Programs
12953:
Mokhtar (editor), AnciGent Civilizations of Africa Vo. II, General History of Africa, UNESCO, 1990
11878:
8319:(milky beer). Influences from the Indian and Malay communities can be seen in its use of curries,
7943:
6796:
5854:
In the mid-2010s, private capital flew to sub-Saharan Africa – primarily from the
21188:
21108:
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20509:
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19884:
18862:
18699:
18665:
18465:
18106:
17885:"Ebola Virus Disease in West Africa — The First 9 Months of the Epidemic and Forward Projections"
14999:
The Land/Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone of West and Central Africa Estuaries of the World
14546:
12278:
Shillington, Kevin(2005). History of Africa, Rev. 2nd Ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 2–3,
12009:
11916:
11728:"Centre for Marketing, Information and Advisory Services for Fishery Products in the Arab Region"
8462:
8404:
7327:
5149:
5129:
4509:
4438:
2238:
1845:
1714:
1202:, was the first and most primitive hominid to ever live outside Africa, many scientists consider
1044:
1036:
20815:
19129:
17965:, as being an outlier. On rates of growth, Islam and Pentecostal Christianity are highest, see:
16194:
About 42% of world reserves and about 75% of the world reserve base are located in South Africa.
14362:
13818:
13185:
8411:
cloth that comes in rectangular shapes, made of pure cotton, and put together to make clothing.
6984:
2015:
During the early 1960s, the Southeast African nations achieved independence from colonial rule.
1032:
21063:
20639:
20280:
20170:
20100:
19401:
14692:
14622:
12668:
Shillington, Kevin(2005). History of Africa, Rev. 2nd Ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 47,
12096:
Afrikas Horn: Akten der Ersten Internationalen Littmann-Konferenz 2. bis 5. Mai 2002 in MĂĽnchen
11514:
11484:
11454:
11424:
11394:
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11040:
9379:
7389:
7385:
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5893:
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4404:
2182:
1825:
In the Middle Ages several powerful Somali empires dominated the region's trade, including the
1783:
1625:
1377:
1344:
figure. There were a number of medieval empires of the southern Sahara and the Sahel, based on
1279:
1199:
1003:
995:
725:
520:
197:
15181:
14872:
14833:
14755:
12647:
Davidson, Basil. Africa History, Themes and Outlines, revised and expanded edition. New York:
12295:
Shillington, Kevin(2005). History of Africa, Rev. 2nd Ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 3,
12094:
11748:
11694:
10930:
is often not considered part of sub-Saharan Africa, as it is considered part of North Africa.
7926:. New World styles like Salsa, R&B/Rap, Reggae, and Zouk also have widespread popularity.
5494:
which flows through the city. The city is popularly referred to as the Green City in the Sun.
21163:
21138:
20988:
20983:
20963:
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20714:
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20539:
20504:
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20225:
20210:
20195:
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20085:
20013:
19826:
19784:
19779:
19694:
19557:
19376:
19296:
19291:
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18627:
17300:
15307:
14997:
14958:
14919:
14794:
14711:
14565:
13513:
12368:
12364:"Deciphering African late middle Pleistocene hominin diversity and the origin of our species"
12155:, Randall Lee Pouwels, The History of Islam in Africa, (Ohio University Press, 2000), p. 255.
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978:
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789:(green and yellow), and more desert or semi-desert regions, centered on Namibia and Botswana.
774:
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532:
512:
applies the "sub-Saharan" classification to 46 of Africa's 55 countries, excluding Djibouti,
383:
20391:
18323:, (2002). The Civilizations of Africa. Charlottesville: University of Virginia, pp. 102–03,
16407:, (2002). The Civilization of Africa. University of Virginia Press: Charlottesville, p. 98,
14793:
John Hartley; Jason Potts; Terry Flew; Stuart Cunningham; Michael Keane; John Banks (2012).
14670:
14646:
14392:
14229:
14164:
13991:
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Akinwumi Ogundiran, Power and Landscape in Atlantic West Africa: Archaeological Perspectives
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is most reflective of Sahelian architecture and is the largest adobe building in the world.
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Sport's great rivalries: Kenya vs. Ethiopia, and a one-sided battle (at least on the track)
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Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica Book of the Year 2003. Encyclopædia Britannica, (2003)
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8657:
8556:
7637:
6711:
2226:
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city-state flourished from 250 BCE to 900 CE and was influential to the development of the
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14415:
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12627:
Collins, Robert O. and Burns, James. M(2007). A History of Sub-saharan Africa. Cambridge:
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8545:
7778:
5412:. It is one of the fastest-growing cities in the world, and also one of the most populous
1768:
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were responsible for most of the slaves exported from modern-day Nigeria, selling them to
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stretching along the southern coast of West Africa and across most of Central Africa (the
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12427:"Did Our Species Evolve in Subdivided Populations across Africa, and Why Does It Matter?"
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and African counterparts during premier Wen Jiabao's visit to Ethiopia in December 2003.
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was the first African commander in history to use cannon warfare on the continent during
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18608:, (2002). The Civilizations of Africa. Charlottesville: University of Virginia, p. 103,
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Somali Sultanate: The Geledi City-state Over 150 Years - Virginia Luling (2002) Page 229
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According to the CIA, low global literacy rates are concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa,
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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spanned the southern Sahara, south Arabia and the Sahel along the western shore of the
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culture. The Yoruba built massive mud walls around their cities, the most famous being
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Eglash, Ron: "African Fractals: Modern computing and indigenous design." Rutgers 1999
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15464:"For Sub-Saharan Africa, Coronavirus Crisis Calls for Policies for Greater Resilience"
15413:"Extreme poverty rises in West Africa due to COVID-19 pandemic | World Food Programme"
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Brown, Keith and Ogilvie, Sarah(2008). Concise encyclopedia of languages of the world
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Ian S. Markham,(A World Religions Reader. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1996.)
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17718:"Opinion | A brutal custom : Join forces to banish the mutilation of women"
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West African cuisine can be described as starchy, flavorfully spicey. Dishes include
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5460:, which is the wealthiest province in South Africa. While Johannesburg is not one of
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16337:
16021:"Can You Hear Me Now?"How Cell Phones are Transforming Markets in Sub-Saharan Africa
1306:
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20285:
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20190:
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16968:(Press release). Department of Science and Technology. 22 June 2006. Archived from
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16207:
14282:
14131:
14117:"Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007: Population and Housing Census Results"
13747:
13643:
13072:
13064:
13048:
12850:, citing Magnavita 2004; Magnavita et al. 2004, 2006; Magnavita and Schleifer 2004.
12820:
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12511:
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12446:
12393:
12385:
12334:
12195:
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12060:
11986:
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11964:
11557:
11549:
10327:
10115:
10077:
9972:
9929:
9925:
9865:
9810:
9780:
9776:
9595:
9479:
9441:
9397: Geographic East Africa, including the UN subregion and East African Community
8612:
8563:, a competition primarily for the national cup winner of each African country. The
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in the world is a shell necklace, dated to 82,000 years, in the Cave of Pigeons in
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7335:
7125:
7021:
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5312:
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4921:
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1972:
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and weakened larger prey such as cubs and older animals. The tools were classed as
1100:
778:
669:
625:
508:) are all geographically considered to be part of sub-Saharan Africa. Overall, the
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259:
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14792:
14023:
14022:. South East Consortium for International Development. 31 May 2006. Archived from
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8372:
5829:. The reason given is: The most recent data in this section seems to be from 2015.
1329:
46:
20295:
20205:
20095:
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19704:
19689:
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18885:"Tourism in Africa : Harnessing Tourism for Growth and Improved Livelihoods"
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18193:
Okwu AS (1979). "Life, Death, Reincarnation, and Traditional Healing in Africa".
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15791:
15490:"The Search for Sustainable Solutions to Debt Accumulation in Sub-Saharan Africa"
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respectively. In 2012, sub-Saharan Africa also constituted in absolute terms the
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7135:, most health care is provided by the government and largely administered by the
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sub-Saharan Africa could soon be limited by a new global international protocol.
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2129:. For most of the 17th and 18th centuries, the slowly expanding settlement was a
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1944:
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208:
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17752:"Commemorating International Day of Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation"
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Only six African countries are not geopolitically a part of sub-Saharan Africa:
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18270:
Black God: The Afroasiatic Roots of the Jewish, Christian, and Muslim Religions
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16359:
15179:
13053:"A Geographically Explicit Genetic Model of Worldwide Human-Settlement History"
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In East Africa, one finds extensive use of cotton clothing. Shemma, shama, and
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originated in Guinea, later spreading to neighboring Liberia and Sierra Leone.
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705:
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609:
446:
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379:
363:
324:
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12706:
Breunig, Peter. 2014. Nok: African Sculpture in Archaeological Context: p. 21.
11797:
The Struggle Over Eritrea, 1962-1978: War and Revolution in the Horn of Africa
8851:
8307:). Crops utilised are sorghum, maize (corn), pumpkin beans, leafy greens, and
4686:
rivers of Central Africa and Southeast Africa. They are principally spoken by
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became the first European to reach the southernmost tip of Africa. In 1652, a
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launched the colonization of the planet by modern humans. By 10,000 BCE,
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19515:
19487:
19391:
17759:
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17341:
16633:"Twenty-First-Century Land Grabs: Accumulation by Agricultural Dispossession"
16079:
15736:
14123:
13526:
13520:
13282:
12458:
12164:
Sven Rubenson, The survival of Ethiopian independence, (Tsehai, 2003), p. 30.
12014:
11535:
11378:
11130:
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10448:
10248:
9968:
9635:
9104:
9073:
8824:
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4715:
4699:
4654:
4589:
4521:
4400:
4369:
4030:
2166:
2087:
2063:
2055:
1968:
1940:
1914:
1865:
1758:
1597:
1574:
1417:
1143:
1066:
690:
678:
621:
164:
100:
19217:
17263:
16501:
Bowden, Rob (2007). Africa South of the Sahara. Coughlan Publishing: p. 37,
12824:
12719:, revised and expanded edition. New York: Simon & Schuster, pp. 87–107,
12585:
12570:
Jesse, Friederike (2010). "Early Pottery in Northern Africa - An Overview".
12515:
12339:
12314:
8628:
8624:
8620:
8458:
8272:). Widespread spicy hot fish cuisine is one of the differentiating aspects.
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2198:
2062:
speakers. They slowly moved south, and the earliest ironworks in modern-day
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19577:
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19406:
19344:
19134:
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Bowden, Rob(2007). Africa South of the Sahara. Coughlan Publishing: p. 40,
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Integrating Traditional Healing Practices into Counseling and Psychotherapy
17918:
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10.1002/(SICI)1099-1751(199706)12:1+<S29::AID-HPM465>3.0.CO;2-U
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for the sixth time, which is the current record for a sub-Saharan team. In
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The visual abstraction of African art was very influential in the works of
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in sub-Saharan Africa increased from 40 years in 1960 to 61 years in 2017.
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range of hills, and is the centre of a large-scale gold and diamond trade.
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traders, leading to the development of the mixed Arab, Persian and African
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The African Genius, An Introduction to African Social and Cultural History
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17900:
15069:"This Is Africa's New Biggest City: Lagos, Nigeria, Population 21 Million"
11942:"Simulation of an Abrupt Change in Saharan Vegetation in the Mid-Holocene"
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Generally, traditional African religions are united by an ancient complex
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and the radical reduction of illiteracy before the end of the decade. The
4508:, is widely spoken in the parts of Africa that are within the Arab world.
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Finance in Africa - Navigating the financial landscape in turbulent times
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14924:. Routledge Critical Introductions to Urbanism and the City. p. 71.
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late 19th / early 20th centuries. Female (left) and male Vertical styles.
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1289:
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1111:
966:
lie in Southern Africa, and are surrounded by semi-deserts including the
925:
782:
617:
594:
481:
473:
434:
426:
343:
92:
18231:
Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa: An Encyclopedia
12593:
10976:
9360:
8714:
was held in South Africa, first time it was held in sub-Saharan Africa.
7747:
7656:
7373:
7326:
majority. In 2012, sub-Saharan Africa constituted in absolute terms the
4512:
are also spoken in parts of the Horn of Africa (Ethiopia, Eritrea). The
19859:
19833:
19669:
19659:
19649:
19597:
19582:
19547:
19463:
19281:
19249:
19109:
18214:
16916:
16554:
15616:"Electricity Production Data | World Electricity Statistics | Enerdata"
15439:"COVID-19 and Africa: Socio-economic implications and policy responses"
13260:. Translated by Hill, John E. Section 15 and notes. Archived from
11823:
11292:
11182:
11174:
11054:
10771:
10699:
10671:
10588:
9334:
8836:
8804:
8680:
8580:
8356:
8300:
8292:
8220:
8202:
7860:
7393:
7361:
7301:
7261:
7228:
7075:'s outreach programs. According to a 2013 special report issued by the
6837:
6755:
6743:
6699:
6585:
6366:
6350:
6319:
5873:
4691:
4658:
for trade between the different peoples in southeastern Africa. In the
4609:
4557:
4385:
4102:
3922:
3850:
3514:
3430:
3304:
2234:
2114:
2099:
2079:
1994:
1979:
1906:, and the latter now account for three-quarters of Kenya's population.
1413:
1384:
1341:
1130:
likely did steal eggs from nests and may have been able to catch small
1018:
List of kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa § List of African kingdoms
948:
823:
781:
of Central and West Africa (blue). Southern Africa has a transition to
497:
477:
454:
339:
230:
20853:
20429:
15249:
9151:
8419:, but are of a thicker cloth, and have an edging only on a long side.
7843:, made extensive use of strings and horns in ancient times. Among the
7062:
In 2011, sub-Saharan Africa was home to 69% of all people living with
7050:
4548:, appear to have moved to their current locations not long before the
2066:
are believed to date from around 1050. The southernmost group was the
2054:-using agriculturists and herdsmen, were already present south of the
1955:. With its original speech community centered on the coastal parts of
1340:
of Nigeria (lasting from 1,500 BCE to 200 CE) is known from a type of
720:
for Africa south of the Sahara), who spoke languages belonging to the
358:
Simplified climatic map of Africa: sub-Saharan Africa consists of the
19929:
19849:
19719:
19396:
19381:
19359:
18910:"South Africa: Political Issues: Constitution: Provincial Government"
18427:
17568:"Life expectancy at birth, total (years) - Sub-Saharan Africa | Data"
16716:
Africa infrastructure country diagnostic, Roads in Sub-Saharan Africa
12492:"The genetic structure and history of Africans and African Americans"
12064:
10985:
10822:
10663:
10357:
10160:
10005:
9711:
9505:
9369:
8990:
8866:
8760:
8638:
8571:, a first for a sub-Saharan country. In 2010, Cameroon played in the
8328:
8269:
8034:
7833:
7699:
7424:
7315:
7100:
6833:
6643:
6473:
6461:
6409:
6390:
6298:
5784:
5514:
5502:
5438:; it is a regionally important economic centre. It is located on the
5159:
4649:
4601:
4478:
4365:
3388:
2146:
2142:
1948:
1830:
1718:
1667:
1589:
1180:
1172:
1171:
eventually developed a more complex stone tool technology called the
1077:
918:
888:
can be found much more in the interior, contrasting with savanna and
655:
634:("Country of the Blacks"), which was situated in the vicinity of the
540:
140:
96:
20005:
19186:
18694:[Proclamation 2005: Barcloth making in Uganda] (in French).
18397:
18206:
14831:
12889:
12887:
12885:
12254:
Shillington, Kevin(2005). History of Africa, Rev. 2nd Ed. New York:
8068:
7782:
6638:
19674:
19664:
19535:
19259:
19055:"Transparency International - The Global Anti-Corruption Coalition"
17802:"Numbers of women circumcised in Africa: The Production of a Total"
17064:
16966:"South Africa's Investment in Research and Development on the Rise"
15725:"More than half of sub-Saharan Africans lack access to electricity"
13068:
12793:
Komé-Kribi: Rescue Archaeology Along the Chad-Cameroon Oil Pipeline
11251:
11152:
10950:
10892:
10826:
10743:
10635:
10510:
10440:
10432:
10271:
10055:
9943:
9857:
9849:
9802:
9794:
9658:
9419:
9143:
9028:
8828:
8727:
8718:
8428:
8261:
8257:
8225:
8194:
8150:
8115:
8107:
8042:
8018:
7982:
7919:
7899:
7879:
7703:
7688:
7428:
7365:
7297:
7289:
7253:
7252:. There are also Muslim majorities in parts of the Horn of Africa (
7063:
6897:
6860:
numerate. In contrast, numeracy in South Asia was only around 50%.
6856:
6841:
6810:
6667:
Cash crops include cotton, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar, and tobacco.
6613:
6526:
6485:
6481:
6477:
6453:
6441:
6437:
6433:
6405:
6382:
6374:
5861:
5688:
5592:
5506:
5453:
5435:
5421:
4663:
4633:
4553:
4541:
4533:
3682:
3598:
3178:
3094:
3010:
2848:
2428:
2095:
2035:
1960:
1956:
1922:
1799:
1776:
1742:
1734:
1259:
971:
952:
758:
List of tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregions
539:
between North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa that dates back to the
493:
391:
152:
148:
124:
18692:"Proclamation 2005: La fabrication des tissus d'Ă©corce en Ouganda"
18666:"Intangible Heritage Home –- intangible heritage – Culture Sector"
18343:"Animism: Foundation of Traditional Healing in Sub-Saharan Africa"
17506:. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. 2013. Archived from
16584:
16582:
16580:
15931:
14913:
14835:
Cultures and Globalization: Cities, Cultural Policy and Governance
7863:
is extensive use of string instruments with emphasis on footwork.
7859:. Dancing involves swaying body movements and footwork. Among the
4411:
1641:
593:
Geographers historically divided the region into several distinct
19552:
19510:
19441:
19254:
17251:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
14048:
13402:
12882:
12274:
12272:
11939:
11468:
11356:
11212:
11144:
11122:
11032:
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10735:
10574:
10549:
10535:
10518:
10471:
10319:
10200:
10178:
10147:
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9892:
9743:
9729:
9698:
9587:
9548:
9497:
8977:
8788:
8784:
8772:
8755:
8668:. Africa is also allotted one guaranteed qualifying place in the
8496:
8440:
8412:
8340:
8332:
8316:
8308:
8304:
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8229:
8099:
8076:
8062:
8058:
8050:
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7792:
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7412:
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7309:
7293:
7281:
7257:
7092:
7088:
7001:
6913:
6772:
6561:
6522:
6510:
6449:
6429:
6386:
6378:
5760:
5723:
5712:
5579:
5498:
5475:
5457:
5382:
4773:
4751:
4687:
4617:
4474:
4469:
branch was recorded as early as 2900 BCE in the form of the
4426:
4174:
4066:
3472:
3262:
3220:
3136:
3052:
2722:
2344:
2083:
2082:
was a medieval kingdom (c. 1250–1629), which existed between the
2009:
2005:
2001:
1895:
1803:
1738:
1730:
1710:
1649:
1605:
1432:
by the Portuguese traders and other early European settlers. The
1135:
1103:
1093:
1081:
850:
777:
of the Sahel and areas surrounding semi-deserts (orange) and the
729:
701:
650:
642:
566:
562:
501:
489:
264:
179:
144:
120:
80:
19062:
19029:"Where We Work | U.S. Agency for International Development"
18629:
Ethnic Diversity in Eastern Africa: Opportunities and Challenges
18077:. Central Intelligence Agency. 12 June 2024 – via CIA.gov.
17029:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
16626:
16624:
16622:
15515:"Africa's Rapid Economic Growth Hasn't Fully Closed Income Gaps"
13363:
13361:
11595:. Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project. Archived from
11506:
7787:
7451:
5434:
is the former capital of, as well as the most populous city in,
4524:
in West Africa (Niger, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Cameroon, and Chad).
4380:
2058:
by the 4th or 5th century displacing and absorbing the original
1909:
1475:, the foremost world power at the time. Nigeria was granted its
302:
Definition of "sub-Saharan Africa" as used in the statistics of
19944:
19904:
19679:
19562:
19264:
19221:
18695:
17028:
16577:
15700:"Access to electricity – SDG7: Data and Projections – Analysis"
13830:
Khoisan languages and linguistics: the Riezlern symposium 2003.
13104:
Swahili Origins: Swahili Culture & the Shungwaya Phenomenon
12490:
Tishkoff SA, Reed FA, Friedlaender FR, et al. (May 2009).
12131:
International Association for the History of Religions (1959),
11643:"Afrotropical ecozone: boundaries, characteristics, biomes ..."
11446:
11416:
11386:
11114:
11062:
10900:
10864:
10856:
10707:
10627:
10557:
10404:
10395:
10311:
10280:
10240:
10231:
10156:
10026:
9921:
9900:
9772:
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9707:
9667:
9627:
9618:
9579:
9526:
9298:
9187:
9065:
9056:
8986:
8949:
8940:
8812:
8473:
8444:
8436:
8424:
8344:
8336:
8320:
8288:
8245:
8214:
8201:
from banana or millet. Cooking techniques include roasting and
8190:
8174:
8170:
8158:
8127:
8054:
8046:
8006:
7978:
7915:
7875:
7867:
7829:
7319:
7269:
7036:
6989:
6694:
6632:
6593:
6573:
6569:
6546:
6514:
6457:
6445:
5747:
5651:
5640:
5627:
5510:
5401:
5363:
5353:
4505:
3994:
3640:
3346:
2890:
2764:
2302:
2229:
greater than 4 in 2008. All are above the world average except
1990:
1986:
1929:
1645:
1609:
1388:
1369:
1314:
1239:
944:
694:
418:
414:
347:
160:
156:
136:
132:
108:
104:
16400:
16398:
12269:
11667:"Political definition of 'Major regions', according to the UN"
8766:
7455:
4361:
Map showing the traditional language families spoken in Africa
2237:. More than 40% of the population in sub-Saharan countries is
19949:
19592:
17024:
16619:
15591:"Sub-Saharan Africa: A New Shock and Little Room to Maneuver"
14957:
Kerstin Pinther; Larissa Förster; Christian Hanussek (2012).
13358:
12425:; Rightmire, G. Philip; d’Errico, Francesco (1 August 2018).
11476:
11438:
11284:
11220:
11194:
11092:
11084:
10942:
10927:
10192:
10047:
9540:
9411:
9326:
8840:
8780:
8776:
8722:
8420:
8416:
8384:
8348:
8284:
8280:
8237:
8162:
8146:
8131:
8103:
8095:
8091:
8083:
8072:
7998:
7986:
7883:
7809:
7323:
7305:
7277:
7249:
7203:
7132:
7124:, the most extreme form of FGM, is concentrated primarily in
6909:
6601:
6589:
6469:
6465:
6362:
6336:
Renewable Energy Performance Platform was established by the
5771:
5699:
5568:
5479:
5425:
5409:
5405:
5378:
5357:
4645:
4625:
4613:
4486:
4138:
3958:
3724:
2932:
2680:
2638:
2242:
1964:
1811:
1787:
1750:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1497:
1429:
1396:
1373:
1263:
1251:
1247:
1235:
1089:
967:
959:
839:
831:
818:
798:
754:
Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
713:
505:
359:
331:
312:
128:
88:
84:
15304:"Rethinking Financing for Development in Sub-Saharan Africa"
15180:
Loretta Lees; Hyun Bang Shin; Ernesto LĂłpez Morales (2015).
13819:"On external genealogical relationships of the Khoe family".
12248:
8559:, a competition for the best clubs on the continent and the
8435:
are some of the African countries where kitenge is worn. In
8377:
8153:
is used to make ugali, a popular dish with different names.
6373:
boast almost 100% penetration. Only five countries—Burundi,
5908:
of $ 23 billion in 2021 to assist critical public spending.
1424:. Another prominent kingdom in southwestern Nigeria was the
716:
in most of the rest of the subcontinent (hence, the toponym
581:
573:" phase, during which larger lakes and more rivers existed.
480:, and most North African states are likewise members of the
19542:
19364:
19077:"U.N. doubles force in turbulent South Sudan [UPDATE 2"
18830:
18522:">TARA – Trust for African Rock Art: Rock Art in Africa"
17622:
17477:. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. 21 May 2013.
17357:
The International Journal of Health Planning and Management
17247:"Maternal Mortality in Africa: Regional Trends (2000–2017)"
16495:
16395:
15642:"Africa's energy problems threatens growth, says Nepad CEO"
15566:"Growing Together The IMF and African Low-Income Countries"
15183:
Global Gentrifications: Uneven Development and Displacement
14491:. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. 2009. Archived from
13714:"Recensement général de la population et de l'habitat 2004"
12809:"On the Iron Front: New Evidence from North-Central Africa"
11498:
11408:
10098:
9462:
9218:
8901:
8832:
8500:
8400:
8312:
8249:
8208:
8198:
8166:
8154:
8135:
8119:
8030:
8014:
7974:
7957:
7813:
7339:
7273:
7040:
6818:
6671:
6597:
6577:
6530:
6425:
5855:
4819:
4683:
4431:
4341:
Writing systems of Africa § Indigenous writing systems
4246:
3766:
2512:
2051:
1932:
1861:
1857:
835:
827:
630:
620:), or sometimes extending from the coast of West Africa to
528:
527:
in Sudan, though navigation on the Nile was blocked by the
524:
116:
19997:
14228:, Central Intelligence Agency, 16 May 2023, archived from
14163:, Central Intelligence Agency, 16 May 2023, archived from
14094:, Central Intelligence Agency, 23 May 2023, archived from
13990:, Central Intelligence Agency, 16 May 2023, archived from
13961:, Central Intelligence Agency, 16 May 2023, archived from
13932:, Central Intelligence Agency, 16 May 2023, archived from
13900:, Central Intelligence Agency, 16 May 2023, archived from
13871:, Central Intelligence Agency, 22 May 2023, archived from
13642:. National Bureau of Statistics. June 2010. Archived from
12863:
8161:
or canjeero (Somali) bread. Other important foods include
7312:
has the largest Muslim population in sub-Saharan Africa.
4725:
Major languages of Africa by region, family and number of
2218:
for Western Europe, 140 for Asia and 30 for the Americas.
2133:
possession. In 1795, the Dutch colony was captured by the
939:
are transition zones between the tropical forests and the
18429:
Into Africa: a guide to Sub-Saharan culture and diversity
17354:
16740:"Developed nations should invest in African universities"
16142:"Harnessing Sub-Saharan Africa's Critical Mineral Wealth"
15902:"China to train developing nations in solar technologies"
13046:
8811:, Sudan has around 30% non-Arab populations in the west (
8488:
6844:(90.7%; 2003 est.), while the lowest literacy rate is in
5540:
worldpopulationreview.com 2022 City Population estimates.
5428:, one of the largest and busiest ports on the continent.
2213:
Fertility rates and life expectancy in sub-Saharan Africa
1409:
17883:
WHO Ebola Response Team; et al. (16 October 2014).
17833:
Public Health and Education Spending in Ghana in 1992-98
16068:"Competition increases for pay TV in sub-Saharan Africa"
13692:
Concise Encyclopedias of Language and Linguistics Series
13436:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
13407:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
13283:
Evelyne Jone Rich; Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein (1971).
12489:
8763:
and the surrounding area is very popular with tourists.
8138:, but is rarely eaten since meat is viewed as a luxury.
6871:
4604:
are not. A major branch of the Niger–Congo languages is
4311:(Ease of Doing Business Rank June 2008 through May 2009)
1440:, which is the largest man-made structure in the world.
15961:"Radio the Chief Medium for News in Sub-Saharan Africa"
13458:"World Population Prospects 2019 – Population Division"
13227:
Klein, Martin A.; Wesley Johnson, G. (8 January 2010).
8311:. Beverages include ting (fermented sorghum or maize),
7952:
5490:, which translates to "cool water", a reference to the
1383:
In the forest zone, several states and empires such as
19895:
List of countries where Arabic is an official language
17493:
15932:"About | Renewable Energy Performance Platform (REPP)"
15639:
14996:
Salif Diop; Jean-Paul Barusseau; Cyr Descamps (2014).
13832:
Quellen zur Khoisan-Forschung 17. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe.
12420:
11621:. United Nations Statistics Division. 11 February 2013
6714:
represents one of the most significant limitations to
1175:. Potentially the first hominid to engage in hunting,
813:. It has a dry winter season and a wet summer season.
597:
sections based on each area's respective inhabitants.
19106:
Taking Action to Reduce Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa
17774:"Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Global Concern"
17467:
16435:
KillerPlants.com, Plants That Change History Archive.
12806:
18419:
17811:. United States Agency for International Development
17023:(in English, Arabic, Chinese, French, and Spanish).
13817:
GĂĽldemann, Tom and Edward D. Elderkin (forthcoming)
11525:
1592:. Other significant states and peoples included the
1147:
first appeared in the fossil record in Africa. From
873:
lie between the savannas and the equatorial forests.
769:
of Africa, showing the ecological break between the
284:
in 2019, the sub-Saharan population was 1.1 billion.
18572:Alexandre, Marc(1998). World Bank Publication: DC.
16686:"Global protocol could limit Sub-Saharan land grab"
16279:
U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries
16269:
16242:
U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries
15277:"Not to be Missed: Nairobi 'Green City in the Sun'"
15093:
13226:
13099:
12042:
8339:. European influences can be seen in cuisines like
8193:. Beverages are coffee (domesticated in Ethiopia),
7131:National health systems vary between countries. In
6353:are among the energy methods used in the projects.
2223:
list of countries and territories by fertility rate
2165:was a Southern African tribal state in what is now
1856:, whose military dominance forced governors of the
390:. The numbers shown correspond to the dates of all
17685:
17683:
16733:
16731:
15991:"Africa calling: Cellphone usage sees record rise"
15785:Mapping the new infrastructure financing landscape
13828:In Brenzinger, Matthias and Christa König (eds.),
13321:
13129:
13101:
12789:
12213:Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics Part 12: V. 12
8126:are used, especially among Muslims. Meat includes
5925:(with other key actors of African or oil economy)
4516:branch is distributed in Central and West Africa.
4445:Sub-Saharan Africa contains over 1,500 languages.
1560:into Central Africa, during the 14th century, the
773:of North Africa and the Horn of Africa (red), the
468:, which is instead grouped with the definition of
18711:
18709:
18392:. Little, Brown and Company: Boston, pp. 168–80.
17142:Hotez, Peter J.; Kamath, Aruna (25 August 2009).
17067:(Report). Global Child Nutrition Foundation. 2022
16099:
14870:
14745:. CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
14721:. CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
14702:. CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
14680:. CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
14594:. CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
14556:. CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
14449:. CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
14425:. CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
14395:. CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
14372:. CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
14344:. CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
14283:"20 million people can speak Luganda - linguists"
13484:"Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | Data"
12306:
9128:Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa
8495:which means basket. It is sometimes used to make
6690:Water supply and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa
6509:Sub-Saharan Africa is a key player in the global
5497:Other major cities in sub-Saharan Africa include
4706:peoples and in West and Central Africa among the
1967: – a seaboard referred to as the
21211:
19144:Digital Services for Education in Africa
18625:
17830:Canagarajah, Sudharshan; Ye, Xiao (April 2001).
17536:"UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2012"
17085:
16940:"Africa Analysis: Progress on science spending?"
16867:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 328–329.
13434:("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)").
13376:M. Martin, Phyllis and O'Meara, Patrick (1995).
12555:. Swiss Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from
12549:"Swiss archaeologist digs up West Africa's past"
7288:), as well as significant Muslim communities in
6996:Health challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa include
18582:
18425:
18045:(Report). Pew Research Center. 27 January 2011.
17967:The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions
17680:
17530:
17528:
17501:"Special Report: How Africa Turned AIDS Around"
16802:"African brain drain: is there an alternative?"
16728:
16418:
15212:
14832:Helmut K Anheier; Yudhishthir Raj Isar (2012).
14666:
14664:
14616:
14542:
14540:
14538:
14536:
14388:
14386:
14384:
14382:
14380:
14378:
12202:, (East African Publishing House: 1974), p. 104
8451:). In Madagascar a type of draped cloth called
7808:can be seen in its influence on music forms as
7240:African countries below the Sahara are largely
6424:The region is a major exporter to the world of
4690:peoples and are also spoken in Sudan among the
4520:, its most widely spoken language, serves as a
4319:Starting a Business June 2008 through May 2009)
743:
18706:
18130:The Civilizations of Africa: A History to 1800
17749:
15954:
15952:
15151:
15101:"Lagos and Its Potentials for Economic Growth"
15060:
14688:
14686:
14466:, Central Intelligence Agency, 6 February 2023
14358:
14356:
14354:
14352:
14350:
14264:, Central Intelligence Agency, 7 February 2023
12971:Shaping of Somali society Lee Cassanelli pg.92
12874:sfn error: no target: CITEREFAppiahGates2010 (
11640:
8803:, which also makes up the largest bloc of the
8577:1996 Nigeria won the Olympic gold for football
4330:
693:were referred to by medieval Arab and ancient
663:or Abyssinians, who were the forebears of the
20869:
20445:
20021:
19202:
19013:. CDCdevelopmentSolutions.org. Archived from
18122:
18120:
17956:World Christian Encyclopedia, summarised here
17829:
17451:. Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation. Archived from
15359:Bank, European Investment (19 October 2022).
15218:
15066:
14705:
14559:
14411:
14409:
14407:
14405:
14403:
14401:
14068:
13920:
13918:
13380:. 3rd edition, Bloomington and Indianapolis:
13289:. Random House School Division. p. 124.
13047:Liu, Hua; Prugnolle, Franck; Manica, Andrea;
12841:
12740:The Early History of the Akan States of Ghana
10382:SADC (Southern African Development Community)
6817:Forty per cent of African scientists live in
5536:Largest cities or towns in Sub Saharan Africa
5377:Sub-Saharan Africa has several large cities.
4552:. In Southern Africa, their speakers are the
4481:) and circa 2500 BCE in the form of the
464:The term serves as a grouping counterpart to
19133: This article incorporates text from a
17525:
16887:
16165:
15675:"Access to energy is Africa development key"
14731:
14729:
14727:
14661:
14533:
14435:
14433:
14431:
14375:
14252:
14250:
14248:
14246:
13315:
12355:
8925:Economic Community of Central African States
8396:. Cotton seems to be the dominant material.
7993:. Ingredients are of native starchy tubers,
6965:Educational technology in sub-Saharan Africa
6517:and hosting about 50%of its reserves in the
6389:—still have a penetration of less than 10%.
1753:to cover the graves of their kings, such as
1596:, producers of the famous raffia cloth, the
1189:. Although some recent writers suggest that
413:is the area and regions of the continent of
17750:Feldman-Jacobs, Charlotte (February 2009).
17656:
17654:
17141:
17020:Youth and skills: putting education to work
16232:
15949:
15899:
15640:Creamer Media Reporter (12 November 2009).
14757:African Cities Driving the NEPAD Initiative
14683:
14597:
14578:
14452:
14347:
14330:
14328:
14326:
14214:
14109:
14072:Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East
14013:"Memories of Utopia – Infoshop, World Bank"
13976:
13421:
12869:
12361:
12313:Schlebusch; et al. (3 November 2017).
12215:, (Kessinger Publishing, LLC: 2003), p. 490
12148:
12146:
11750:The Arab World: Society, Culture, and State
8767:List of countries and regional organisation
6953:History of science and technology in Africa
6521:(DRC). The region also harbors significant
6472:, collectively supplies over 60% of global
4678:are concentrated in the upper parts of the
4532:The several families lumped under the term
1206:to be an early and primitive member of the
20876:
20862:
20452:
20438:
20028:
20014:
19209:
19195:
18632:. Twaweza Communications. pp. 78–79.
18117:
18040:The Future of the Global Muslim Population
16888:Franck, Raphaël; Rainer, Ilia (May 2012).
16589:Saul, John J.; Leys, Colin (1 July 1999).
16140:Chen, Wenjie; Laws, Athene; Valckx, Nico.
16139:
14950:
14398:
13915:
13886:
13859:
13857:
13855:
13127:
13008:Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (25 February 2003).
12736:
12312:
7384:, would be derived from this world. Among
7328:world's third largest Christian population
7077:Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
6855:formation was able to determine, that the
5468:. The city is located in the mineral-rich
974:grasslands lie to the east of the deserts.
18626:Njogu, K.; Ngeta, K.; Wanjau, M. (2010).
18426:Richmond, Yale; Gestrin, Phyllis (2009).
18107:"National Profiles | World Religion"
18089:"National Profiles | World Religion"
18057:"Religions in South Sudan | PEW-GRF"
17984:
17982:
17908:
17449:"Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation: What we do"
17272:
17262:
17169:
17159:
16683:
16591:"Sub-Saharan Africa in Global Capitalism"
15779:
15777:
15775:
15773:
14724:
14428:
14243:
14080:
13947:
13076:
12540:
12523:
12466:
12397:
12338:
12099:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 130.
12088:
12086:
12084:
12082:
11976:
11840:
11685:
11005:Economic Community of West African States
8520:History of theatre § African theatre
7458:divination and its four digit binary code
6946:
6513:market, producing over 70%of the world's
4648:and other Middle Eastern and South Asian
1886:History of Africa § Southeast Africa
861:) stretch from the Atlantic Ocean to the
793:Sub-Saharan Africa has a wide variety of
659:or Abyssinia, which was inhabited by the
19031:. Usaid.gov. 29 May 2012. Archived from
18340:
17651:
17321:
16937:
16738:Gabara, Nthambeleni (12 November 2009).
16588:
16175:U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook
16135:
16133:
15771:
15769:
15767:
15765:
15763:
15761:
15759:
15757:
15755:
15753:
15669:
15667:
15541:"Sub-Saharan Africa: Living on The Edge"
15487:
15301:
15274:
15159:. Gale Research International, Limited.
14323:
13738:
13001:
12910:
12790:Philippe Lavachery; et al. (2012).
12205:
12200:Zamani: A Survey of East African History
12158:
12143:
11771:
11269:West African Economic and Monetary Union
10975:
10347:
9359:
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8637:
8457:
8376:
8276:is sometimes used as a meat substitute.
8207:
8067:
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7786:
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7404:is comparable to the latter world view.
7227:
7049:
6983:
6875:
6800:
6771:
6693:
6637:
6540:
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6327:New Partnership for Africa's Development
6288:
6273:
5860:
5362:
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4425:
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4379:
4364:
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2208:
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1982:as a consequence of these interactions.
1908:
1767:
1709:
1640:
1518:settlements have recently been found in
1496:
1395:arose in the 18th century in modern-day
1305:
1258:was in full motion by 500 BCE with
1254:that were strung across the desert. The
1060:
937:Southern Congolian forest–savanna mosaic
871:Northern Congolian forest–savanna mosaic
761:
580:
353:
330:
294:
20883:
20459:
19137:work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA (
18349:, SAGE Publications, pp. 124–137,
18300:"A Conversation with Christopher Ehret"
18266:
18227:
18168:"A Conversation with Christopher Ehret"
18000:
17013:
17011:
17009:
16768:
16630:
16205:
16065:
15958:
15173:
14632:. CIA World Factbook. 20 November 2014.
14613:. CIA World Factbook. 20 November 2014.
14575:. CIA World Factbook. 20 November 2014.
14517:. The Language Journal. 22 April 2012.
14049:"SSI Finance – Loans and lending guide"
13852:
13255:
13007:
12700:
12563:
12546:
12362:Mounier, Aurélien; Lahr, Marta (2019).
11774:Resource Conflict in the Horn of Africa
11746:
7336:world's third largest Muslim population
7099:("river blindness"), a common cause of
6268:, World Facts Book > Oil exporters.
5478:is the capital and the largest city of
5344:Genetic history of the African diaspora
2194:List of African countries by population
736:, who spoke languages belonging to the
681:"), which was inhabited by the Eastern
476:and North Africa) as it is part of the
14:
21212:
19998:Articles related to Sub-Saharan Africa
19164:and U.S. Army War College Press, 2013.
19083:from the original on 30 September 2015
18987:. Web.worldbank.org. 27 October 2006.
18937:"'Nubian monkey' song and Arab racism"
18298:Ehret, Christopher (5 November 2004).
17979:
17839:. World Bank Publication. p. 21.
17715:
17697:from the original on 30 September 2015
17391:"Manageable Bamako Initiative schemes"
16987:
16985:
16983:
16981:
16979:
16737:
16184:from the original on 10 September 2015
14186:"Report on minority groups in Somalia"
13395:
13057:The American Journal of Human Genetics
12962:Oman in history By Peter Vine Page 324
12176:
12092:
12079:
11817:
11794:
10374:Southern African Development Community
8652:is popular in sub-Saharan Africa. The
7260:) and in the Sahel and Sudan regions (
2245:, with the exception of South Africa.
2221:Sub-Saharan African countries top the
1892:recent African origin of modern humans
1459:was chartered under the leadership of
1368:. They built stone structures like in
1213:The fossil and genetic evidence shows
1183:, and perhaps later on giving rise to
51:Geographical map of sub-Saharan Africa
20857:
20433:
20035:
20009:
19996:
19940:Portuguese-speaking African countries
19216:
19190:
18947:from the original on 8 September 2013
18934:
18874:, The Science of Sport, 14 July 2008.
18775:from the original on 18 November 2009
18672:from the original on 12 November 2009
18646:from the original on 21 December 2019
18297:
18186:
18165:
18126:
17604:from the original on 3 September 2014
17441:
17086:Alphonce Shiundu (2 September 2018).
16862:
16781:from the original on 12 November 2020
16771:"How severe is Africa's Brain Drain?"
16696:from the original on 8 September 2013
16518:
16251:from the original on 24 November 2018
16130:
16047:from the original on 26 December 2009
15971:from the original on 17 November 2009
15750:
15664:
15340:from the original on 1 September 2014
14852:from the original on 14 December 2020
14521:from the original on 5 September 2015
13322:Rhonda M. Gonzales (30 August 2009).
13192:from the original on 23 December 2017
13188:. Depts.washington.edu. 23 May 2004.
13028:from the original on 16 December 2019
12569:
12167:
11725:
11713:from the original on 19 November 2016
10128:
8017:, usually in the Sahel. Oils include
7740:History of architecture § Africa
7661:Ceramic art § Sub-Saharan Africa
7069:abstinence, be faithful, use a condom
6872:Major progress in access to education
6710:, the lack of infrastructure in many
5424:has the highest GDP, and also houses
1443:In the 18th century, the Oyo and the
931:South of the equatorial forests, the
437:. Geopolitically, in addition to the
18916:from the original on 18 January 2016
18502:from the original on 30 January 2009
18492:"'Oldest' prehistoric art unearthed"
18371:from the original on 31 October 2019
18248:from the original on 5 December 2020
18192:
18166:Ehret, Christopher (November 2004).
18147:from the original on 26 January 2021
17578:from the original on 30 October 2019
17481:from the original on 7 December 2018
17297:"User fees for health: a background"
17098:from the original on 1 February 2019
17006:
16799:
16469:from the original on 7 November 2009
16270:Daniel L. Edelstein (January 2009).
16001:from the original on 25 October 2009
15912:from the original on 3 November 2009
15358:
15302:Pugliese, Jessica (2 January 2014).
15133:from the original on 5 November 2015
13711:
13590:from the original on 12 January 2019
12236:from the original on 20 January 2018
12189:
10343:
8795:(claimed by Morocco); they form the
8256:, and sometimes exotic meats called
8025:(Sahel). One finds recipes that mix
7771:Sub-Saharan African music traditions
7151:Western African Ebola virus epidemic
6596:. Other domesticated crops included
6342:United Nations Environment Programme
5811:
4560:(Bushmen), in Southeast Africa, the
2225:with 40 of the highest 50, all with
1670:" ("land of the burnt face") by the
1167:. The brain later grew in size, and
1141:Roughly 1.8 million years ago,
1099:By 3 million years ago several
608:("Land of the Blacks") for the vast
18935:Malik, Nesrine (23 November 2009).
18852:, who was born and raised in Kenya.
18771:. AllAfrica.com. 16 November 2009.
18446:from the original on 1 October 2018
18182:from the original on 24 April 2018.
17889:The New England Journal of Medicine
17548:from the original on 5 October 2014
16976:
16938:Nordling, Linda (29 October 2009).
16684:Mathiason, Nick (2 November 2009).
16310:. Works.bepress.com. Archived from
15314:from the original on 6 January 2014
15107:from the original on 9 October 2015
14895:from the original on 8 January 2020
14796:Key Concepts in Creative Industries
13865:"Congo, Democratic Republic of the"
12717:Africa History, Themes and Outlines
11818:Fegley, Randall (1995). "Eritrea".
9830:
8846:
8248:, chillis, and okra. Meats include
7948:History of the potato § Africa
7440:(becoming), and among the Bambara,
7244:, while those above the Sahara, in
6400:
5911:
5462:South Africa's three capital cities
1875:
1033:History of Africa § Prehistory
943:belt that spans the continent from
24:
19150:
18991:from the original on 30 March 2010
18861:Tucker, Ross and Dugas, Jonathan.
18837:from the original on 8 August 2013
18807:from the original on 10 April 2009
18795:"European Soccer's Racism Problem"
18472:from the original on 27 March 2019
18468:. ScienceDaily.com. 18 June 2007.
17716:Bonino, Emma (15 September 2004).
17668:from the original on 16 March 2014
17429:from the original on 27 March 2014
17220:"Onchocerciasis (river blindness)"
16769:Firsing, Scott (18 January 2016).
16519:Evans, Ambrose (12 October 2009).
16214:from the original on 12 March 2013
16100:Lisa A. Corathers (January 2009).
15820:from the original on 7 August 2020
15648:. Engineering News. Archived from
15256:from the original on 26 April 2015
15200:from the original on 30 March 2021
15081:from the original on 30 March 2021
15016:from the original on 30 March 2021
14977:from the original on 30 March 2021
14938:from the original on 30 March 2021
14813:from the original on 30 March 2021
14774:from the original on 30 March 2021
14515:"The Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania"
13811:
13741:"Berber Languages and Linguistics"
13616:. World Bank. 2010. Archived from
12989:Sudan Notes and Records – 147
12935:from the original on 30 March 2021
12547:Bradley, Simon (18 January 2007).
12414:
11996:from the original on 8 August 2017
11889:from the original on 11 April 2020
11849:American University in Cairo Press
11772:Markakis, John (23 January 1998).
11747:Barakat, Halim (14 October 1993).
11701:from the original on 28 July 2017.
11641:ecosostenibile (2 February 2023).
7944:History of breakfast § Africa
6797:History of education § Africa
6476:, and is also a major exporter of
5400:, and the second-most populous in
5333:
4453:With the exception of the extinct
2018:
1658:, covered by present-day northern
1526:to the first millennium BCE.
321:United Nations Statistics Division
25:
21246:
19168:
18554:from the original on 18 June 2018
18059:. 2 December 2018. Archived from
17846:from the original on 6 March 2014
16946:from the original on 14 June 2013
16897:American Political Science Review
16631:Magdoff, Fred (1 November 2013).
16366:from the original on 26 June 2010
16288:from the original on 4 March 2016
16114:from the original on 4 March 2016
15959:English, Cynthia (23 June 2008).
15881:from the original on 28 July 2020
15840:"Nuclear Vs Solar Energy, Which?"
15279:. pulseafrica.com. Archived from
15127:"Africa's biggest shipping ports"
14760:. UN-HABITAT. 2006. p. 202.
13739:Lafkioui, Mena B. (24 May 2018).
13464:from the original on 15 June 2020
13403:"World Population Prospects 2022"
13346:from the original on 10 June 2016
13237:from the original on 27 June 2020
13186:"Weilue: The Peoples of the West"
13014:. Scarecrow Press. p. xxix.
12771:from the original on 23 June 2011
12610:, Houghton Mifflin Books. p. 16.
12608:The Encyclopedia of World History
12431:Trends in Ecology & Evolution
12135:, Leiden: EJ Brill, p. 131,
12022:from the original on 7 March 2014
11844:Music and Media in the Arab World
11734:from the original on 8 March 2016
11593:"Sub-Saharan Africa Demographics"
10366: geographic, including above
8403:are types of Ethiopian clothing.
7744:Megalith § African megaliths
6683:
6662:Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
6627:Domesticated animals include the
4722:is also a member of this family.
2241:than 15 years old, as well as in
2102:. Its old capital was located at
2012:kingdoms of Uganda and Tanzania.
1786:, city-states flourished such as
1677:
1486:
1106:species had developed throughout
585:Ethnographic map of Africa, from
439:African countries and territories
27:Region south of the Sahara Desert
21184:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
20954:Democratic Republic of the Congo
20760:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
20530:Democratic Republic of the Congo
20336:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
20106:Democratic Republic of the Congo
19128:
19069:
19047:
19021:
19003:
18977:
18959:
18928:
18902:
18877:
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18787:
18761:
18749:from the original on 20 May 2009
18735:
18684:
18658:
18619:
18599:
18566:
18540:
18524:. 6 January 2009. Archived from
18514:
18484:
18458:
18403:
18382:
18334:
18314:
18291:
18287:from the original on 3 May 2016.
18260:
18221:
18159:
18099:
18081:
18067:
18049:
18032:
18008:"The Global Religious Landscape"
17925:
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17858:
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17709:
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17560:
17409:
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17212:
17198:WHO | Regional Office for Africa
17186:
17148:PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
17135:
17110:
17092:D+C, development and cooperation
17079:
17057:
16958:
16931:
16881:
16856:
16824:
16812:from the original on 11 May 2020
16793:
16775:London School of Economics Blogs
16762:
16746:. BuaNews Online. Archived from
16725:. World Bank and the SSATP: p. 4
16708:
16677:
16565:from the original on 25 May 2014
16539:
16527:from the original on 25 May 2014
16512:
16481:
16455:
16438:
16378:
16352:
16326:
16300:
16263:
16226:
16199:
16159:
16093:
16059:
16033:
16030:, Center for Global Development.
16013:
15983:
15924:
15893:
15868:
15862:
15850:from the original on 20 May 2013
15832:
15800:
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15692:
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15507:
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15379:
15352:
15326:
15295:
15268:
15242:
15220:"Major urban areas - population"
15145:
15119:
15048:from the original on 19 May 2019
15028:
14989:
14907:
14864:
14825:
14786:
14748:
14635:
14507:
14477:
14293:
13494:from the original on 8 July 2016
13303:from the original on 10 May 2016
13230:Perspectives on the African past
13011:Historical Dictionary of Somalia
12807:É. Zangato; A.F.C. Holl (2010).
11542:
11528:
11491:
11461:
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9020:Democratic Republic of the Congo
9012:
8970:
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8476:style of clothing are featured.
7503:(Senegal, Gambia and Mauritania)
6892:At the World Conference held in
6730:(ICT) investments, over 40% for
6706:According to researchers at the
5816:
4536:include languages indigenous to
4239:
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2387:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2379:
2337:
2295:
2145:as a major port on the route to
1763:Church of St. George at Lalibela
1049:Horn of Africa § Prehistory
921:ecosystem in Tanzania and Kenya.
807:Democratic Republic of the Congo
486:member states of the Arab League
45:
18432:. Boston: Intercultural Press.
17691:"WHO | Maternal mortality"
16865:A history of the global economy
16208:"Platinum: The Rich Man's Gold"
16066:Pfanner, Eric (6 August 2007).
15036:"What Makes Lagos a Model City"
14645:. BB Portuguese. Archived from
14485:"Population and Housing Census"
14275:
14178:
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14062:
14041:
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13835:
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12621:
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12036:
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7638:Southeast Africa § Culture
7186:Religion in Sub Saharan Africa
6936:UNESCO Institute for Statistics
5392:. The city, with its adjoining
5348:
4669:
2176:
2094:in the territory of modern-day
1882:Southeast Africa § History
576:
569:periods are associated with a "
484:. However, while they are also
19775:Guinean Forests of West Africa
18550:. Metmuseum.org. 2 June 2014.
18341:Vontress, Clemmont E. (2005),
18013:. Pewforum.org. Archived from
16043:. MG.co.za. 23 December 2009.
15900:Hepeng, Jia (20 August 2004).
15796:Overseas Development Institute
15783:Christian K.M. Kingombe 2011.
15336:. World Bank. 29 August 2014.
15129:. Businesstech. 8 March 2015.
15067:John Campbell (10 July 2012).
14879:University of Queensland Press
14128:United Nations Population Fund
13752:10.1093/OBO/9780199772810-0219
13460:. Esa.un.org. 28 August 2019.
13272:– via Silk Road Seattle.
12813:Journal of African Archaeology
12737:Meyerowitz, Eva L. R. (1975).
12573:Journal of African Archaeology
11978:11858/00-001M-0000-0013-FBE4-E
11931:
11915:. 12 July 1999. Archived from
11901:
11871:
11841:Frishkopf, Michael A. (2010).
11755:University of California Press
11659:
11634:
11611:
11585:
8654:Confederation of African Rugby
8546:History of games § Africa
7779:History of music § Africa
7634:Southern Africa § Culture
6734:generation and 80% for roads.
6708:Overseas Development Institute
6536:
4571:
4448:
2141:. The British intended to use
2042:: Tower in the Great Enclosure
1619:
1273:
1088:. However, they had adopted a
849:South of the Sahel, a belt of
600:Commentators in Arabic in the
394:artifacts associated with the
274:
13:
1:
19790:Guinean forest-savanna mosaic
19287:Cameroonian Highlands forests
19011:"CDCdevelopmentSolutions.org"
18827:"Men's outdoor world records"
18273:. Syracuse University Press.
17637:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.123
16800:Ngwé, Luc (24 January 2018).
15813:. Us-cdn.creamermedia.co.za.
15186:. Policy Press. p. 315.
12980:Futuh Al Habash Shibab ad Din
12184:The Last Great Muslim Empires
11578:
8706:Cricket has a following. The
7676:
7630:Horn of Africa § Culture
7622:Central Africa § Culture
7350:Traditional African religions
6988:The Komfo Anokye Hospital in
6809:'s Earth Science building in
4640:, a Bantu language with many
4345:List of African ethnic groups
2187:
1971: – the Bantu
1746:
1684:Horn of Africa § History
1479:in 1960 during the period of
1026:
809:in particular are considered
649:. In modern-day Ethiopia and
19915:Middle East and North Africa
19372:East African montane forests
19139:license statement/permission
17990:"Region: Sub-Saharan Africa"
17161:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000412
16651:10.14452/MR-065-06-2013-10_1
16523:. Tradeafrica.blogspot.com.
16426:What was the cotton of Kush?
16336:. MBendi.com. Archived from
16233:E. Lee Bray (January 2009).
15365:. European Investment Bank.
15334:"Africa's impressive growth"
14963:. Jacana Media. p. 18.
13286:Africa: Tradition and Change
13100:James De Vere Allen (1993).
11949:Geophysical Research Letters
11820:World Bibliographical Series
10926:Depending on classification
8065:are all cooking techniques.
7908:Democratic Republic of Congo
7851:, there is extensive use of
7775:Rhythm in Sub-Saharan Africa
7344:Middle East and North Africa
7296:, and on the Swahili Coast (
7179:African traditional religion
7116:, which pledges to prohibit
7031:conference organized by the
6923:gross national product (GNP)
6918:Millennium Development Goals
6784:
6768:Category:Transport in Africa
6761:
6720:Millennium Development Goals
6657:vulnerable to climate change
6642:The Naute Fruit Farm at the
6519:Democratic Republic of Congo
5456:capital and largest city in
5398:the most populous in Nigeria
2050:-speaking peoples, who were
1372:, but mainly constructed in
970:region of South Africa. The
744:Climate zones and ecoregions
7:
19162:Strategic Studies Institute
18228:Stanton, Andrea L. (2012).
18195:Issue: A Journal of Opinion
18133:. James Currey Publishers.
18127:Ehret, Christopher (2002).
17976:, Foreign Policy, May 2007.
17756:Population Reference Bureau
17662:"WHO | Onchocerciasis"
13610:"Rankings - Doing Business"
13584:"Research – CPI – Overview"
13256:Yu Huan (September 2004) .
13132:The Rough Guide to Tanzania
12911:Thompson, Lloyd A. (1989).
11521:
9932:(unofficial, lingua franca)
9783:(unofficial, lingua franca)
9113:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe dobra
8708:African Cricket Association
8675:Boxing is a popular sport.
8362:
7968:Sub-Saharan African cuisine
7791:A traditional polyrhythmic
7156:
7073:Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation
7006:neglected tropical diseases
6961:Mobile technology in Africa
6902:universal primary education
6506:are in sub-Saharan Africa.
6464:. South Africa, along with
5886:Russian invasion of Ukraine
5237:(Ghana, Ivory Coast): 20–25
4544:, though some, such as the
4331:Languages and ethnic groups
4290:Literacy (Male/Female 2006)
1890:According to the theory of
1836:and fortress building, the
1230:During the 11th millennium
1053:Prehistoric Southern Africa
697:geographers, respectively.
561:) left Africa to penetrate
366:in the north (yellow), the
10:
21251:
19099:
17118:"Fact sheet about malaria"
16465:. WorldDefenseReview.com.
16424:Vandaveer, Chelsie(2006).
15871:"Blog: Battle of the Bots"
14871:Stuart Cunningham (2013).
14643:"The Future of Portuguese"
14335:"Central African Republic"
13640:"National Literacy Survey"
13614:The Doing Business Project
12629:Cambridge University Press
12451:10.1016/j.tree.2018.05.005
12390:10.1038/s41467-019-11213-w
10921:
9389:Central African Federation
8877:Central African Federation
8749:
8543:
8528:
8517:
8513:
8415:are similar to kangas and
8373:Folk costume § Africa
8366:
8149:(corn) is a major staple.
7933:
7929:
7756:
7737:
7650:
7626:East Africa § Culture
7618:West Africa § Culture
7611:
7607:
7160:
7112:in July 2003 ratified the
6973:
6950:
6908:, held ten years later in
6882:University of Antananarivo
6794:
6788:
6765:
6687:
5923:Oil production by country
5918:Mineral industry of Africa
5915:
5847:
5807:
5527:
5482:. The name comes from the
5370:
5337:
4733:
4592:. However, others such as
4527:
4334:
4326:(Press Freedom Index 2009)
2191:
2180:
2028:
2025:History of Southern Africa
2022:
1879:
1687:
1681:
1634:
1623:
1501:Fictionalised portrait of
1490:
1283:
1277:
1041:Prehistoric Central Africa
1030:
1011:
1008:History of Southern Africa
989:
985:
747:
689:, as the ancestors of the
667:. In northern Somalia was
315:, classified as a part of
21197:
21172:
20891:
20773:
20748:
20467:
20349:
20324:
20043:
20003:
19842:
19730:
19685:Indian Ocean coastal belt
19623:
19496:
19315:
19228:
17322:Godfrey., Mugoti (2009).
16909:10.1017/S0003055412000172
15790:18 September 2012 at the
15646:www.engineeringnews.co.za
14960:Afropolis: City Media Art
13746:. Oxford Bibliographies.
13668:. Cia.gov. Archived from
13330:Columbia University Press
12606:Stearns, Peter N. (2001)
9343:Central African CFA franc
9307:Central African CFA franc
9271:Central African CFA franc
9235:Central African CFA franc
9196:Central African CFA franc
9160:Central African CFA franc
8730:. Famous runners include
8633:Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang
8550:
8212:This meal, consisting of
7538:Bambuti (Pygmy) mythology
7118:female genital mutilation
7033:World Health Organization
6969:
6397:service are on the rise.
6256:
5825:This section needs to be
5340:Genetic history of Africa
4304:(Human Development Index)
2139:French Revolutionary Wars
1493:History of Central Africa
1403:, was established by the
1065:Stone chopping tool from
1000:History of Central Africa
537:an evident genetic divide
386:" south coast (olive) of
270:
257:
247:
239:
228:
217:
206:
195:
190:
178:
170:
76:
44:
37:
20939:Central African Republic
20515:Central African Republic
20091:Central African Republic
18912:. BBC. 29 October 2014.
18388:Davidson, Basil (1969).
18267:Baldick, Julian (1998).
17949:12 November 2010 at the
16463:"WorldDefenseReview.com"
15679:European Investment Bank
15002:. Springer. p. 66.
13955:"Congo, Republic of the"
13382:Indiana University Press
13136:. Rough Guides Limited.
12687:Atlas of African History
12232:. Cambridge University.
11801:Hoover Institution Press
11646:An Eco-sustainable World
9180:Central African Republic
8557:African Champions League
8539:
7940:List of African cuisines
7752:
7083:Life expectancy at birth
6356:
6338:European Investment Bank
6331:African Development Bank
5464:, it is the seat of the
4492:The distribution of the
4279:(2016, 2017 (PPP, US$ ))
2471:Central African Republic
2127:Dutch East India Company
1706:Ethiopian historiography
1630:
1588:, under the king title,
1391:and others emerged. The
612:(an expression denoting
510:UN Development Programme
411:Non-Mediterranean Africa
69: Sub-Saharan Africa
19885:Guineo-Congolian region
19141:). Text taken from
18971:3 December 2013 at the
18304:World History Connected
18172:World History Connected
17972:25 January 2010 at the
17264:10.3390/ijerph192013146
17000:13 October 2020 at the
16547:"Africa Regional Brief"
16431:14 January 2010 at the
15995:The Mail & Guardian
15488:Mukhopadhyay, Abhijit.
15152:Brian Rajewski (1998).
14717:20 January 2021 at the
14698:1 February 2021 at the
14676:4 February 2021 at the
14628:10 January 2021 at the
14609:26 January 2021 at the
14590:4 February 2021 at the
14552:10 January 2021 at the
14445:26 January 2021 at the
14368:12 January 2021 at the
14340:10 January 2021 at the
12870:Appiah & Gates 2010
12825:10.3213/1612-1651-10153
12586:10.3213/1612-1651-10171
12516:10.1126/science.1172257
12340:10.1126/science.aao6266
12186:, (Brill: 1997), p. 174
12093:Raunig, Walter (2005).
11695:"League of Arab States"
10356: Southern Africa (
10035:Sudan & South Sudan
7480:Dahomey (Fon) mythology
7318:is the only country in
6718:and achievement of the
6545:Agricultural fields in
5888:. Sub-Saharan Africa's
5448:is the largest city in
4510:South Semitic languages
2270:Trans (Rank/Score)
2117:was established at the
1798:that competed with the
1313:sculpture, terracotta,
1045:Prehistoric East Africa
1037:Prehistoric West Africa
890:moist broadleaf forests
19175:African People website
18745:. Goafrica.about.com.
16206:Vronsky (1 May 1997).
16019:Aker, Jenny C.(2008).
14571:9 January 2021 at the
14130:. 2007. Archived from
14069:John A. Shoup (2011).
12685:McEvedy, Colin (1980)
12182:F.R.C. Bagley et al.,
11795:Erlikh, Ḥagai (1983).
11515:West African CFA franc
11485:West African CFA franc
11455:West African CFA franc
11425:West African CFA franc
11395:West African CFA franc
11365:West African CFA franc
11331:West African CFA franc
11301:West African CFA franc
11193:(UM) (sometimes, like
11041:West African CFA franc
10999:
10984: Western Africa (
10378:
9399:
9380:East African Community
9368: Eastern Africa (
8881:
8646:
8465:
8388:
8359:(sugar syrup cookie).
8295:(fermented cornmeal),
8233:
8224:(stew), is typical of
8079:
7964:
7795:
7680:
7646:
7459:
7237:
7167:Christianity in Africa
7059:
6993:
6980:Demographics of Africa
6947:Science and technology
6889:
6814:
6807:University of Botswana
6777:
6703:
6651:
6553:
6421:
6302:
6279:
5906:Special Drawing Rights
5898:gross domestic product
5894:gross domestic product
5868:
5373:Urbanization in Africa
5368:
5360:
4676:Nilo-Saharan languages
4442:
4423:
4408:
4393:
4377:
4362:
4286:(Life Expectancy 2006)
2214:
2206:
2183:Demographics of Africa
2064:KwaZulu-Natal Province
2043:
1925:
1864:to pay tribute to the
1779:
1733:. Located in northern
1722:
1666:, was referred to as "
1652:
1648:of the Nubian Emperor
1626:History of East Africa
1514:
1449:European slave traders
1378:Great Mosque of Djenne
1317:
1280:History of West Africa
1069:
1004:History of East Africa
996:History of West Africa
884:along the coast but a
859:East Sudanian savannas
790:
604:used the general term
590:
516:, Somalia, and Sudan.
417:that lie south of the
399:
370:(light green) and the
351:
328:
21099:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
20959:Republic of the Congo
20675:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
20535:Republic of the Congo
20251:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
20111:Republic of the Congo
19827:West Sudanian savanna
19785:Lower Guinean forests
19780:Upper Guinean forests
19695:Cape Floristic Region
19558:Cataracts of the Nile
19377:Eastern Arc Mountains
19297:Congolian rainforests
19292:East Sudanian savanna
19112:Publications (1997),
18870:20 April 2010 at the
18355:10.4135/9781452231648
17901:10.1056/NEJMoa1411100
17866:"Ebola virus disease"
17417:"World Aids Day 2012"
16362:. World-Nuclear.org.
16281:. Minerals.usgs.gov.
16244:. Minerals.usgs.gov.
16235:"Bauxite and Alumina"
16177:. Minerals.usgs.gov.
16166:John F. Papp (2001).
16107:. Minerals.usgs.gov.
15620:yearbook.enerdata.net
15308:Brookings Institution
14838:. SAGE. p. 118.
14741:30 March 2021 at the
14421:30 March 2021 at the
13824:25 March 2009 at the
13438:, Population Division
13409:, Population Division
12767:. Countrystudies.us.
12369:Nature Communications
11197:, considered part of
10979:
10844:11 official languages
10351:
9363:
9255:Republic of the Congo
9097:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
8865: Middle Africa (
8854:
8641:
8565:Africa Cup of Nations
8544:Further information:
8535:List of African films
8529:Further information:
8518:Further information:
8461:
8380:
8367:Further information:
8343:(dried beef strips),
8218:and several kinds of
8211:
8071:
7955:
7934:Further information:
7790:
7767:African popular music
7757:Further information:
7748:Tumulus § Africa
7738:Further information:
7668:
7657:Pottery § Africa
7651:Further information:
7612:Further information:
7454:
7231:
7161:Further information:
7141:Ghana Health Services
7053:
6987:
6974:Further information:
6951:Further information:
6906:World Education Forum
6879:
6804:
6795:Further information:
6775:
6697:
6641:
6544:
6408:
6391:Broadband penetration
6295:Athlone Power Station
6292:
6277:
5864:
5371:Further information:
5366:
5356:
4815:Kordofanian languages
4729:speakers in millions:
4494:Afroasiatic languages
4429:
4414:
4399:
4383:
4368:
4360:
4335:Further information:
2807:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2555:Republic of the Congo
2212:
2201:
2192:Further information:
2076:Eastern Cape Province
2038:
2029:Further information:
1951:members of the Bantu
1912:
1904:moved into the region
1880:Further information:
1860:north of the city of
1771:
1713:
1688:Further information:
1644:
1635:Further information:
1500:
1309:
1284:Further information:
1064:
1031:Further information:
1012:Further information:
979:Cape Floristic Region
886:hot semi-arid climate
844:hot semi-arid climate
811:megadiverse countries
775:hot semi-arid climate
765:
748:Further information:
584:
533:the river's cataracts
357:
334:
298:
20885:Languages of Africa
20461:Geography of Africa
19481:Zanzibar Archipelago
19449:Indian Ocean islands
19059:www.transparency.org
18702:on 12 November 2009.
17961:5 March 2016 at the
17762:on 13 February 2010.
17598:"WHO | Malaria"
16994:Savoirs communs, 17.
16863:Baten, Jörg (2016).
16721:18 July 2011 at the
16314:on 30 September 2015
16026:4 March 2016 at the
15731:. 13 November 2019.
14799:. SAGE. p. 47.
13666:"The World Factbook"
13646:on 17 September 2015
13586:. Transparency.org.
12919:Taylor & Francis
12831:on 26 December 2013.
12743:. Red Candle Press.
12649:Simon & Schuster
12230:Cambridge Dictionary
11969:10.1029/1999GL900494
11826:. p. mxxxviii.
11599:on 11 September 2022
11260:Sierra Leonean leone
10107:South Sudanese pound
9471:South Sudanese pound
8910:South Sudanese pound
8859: Central Africa
8744:John Cheruiyot Korir
8037:(sweet or sour) and
7248:, are predominantly
6712:developing countries
5466:Constitutional Court
5414:urban agglomerations
4403:women and children (
4276:GDP per Capita (PPP)
2267:GDP per Capita (PPP)
2155:Battle of Blaauwberg
1829:, which excelled in
1469:British protectorate
624:. Its equivalent in
587:Meyers Blitz-Lexikon
565:and beyond. African
372:tropical rainforests
252:Over 1,000 languages
21225:Geography of Africa
21174:States with limited
20750:States with limited
20326:States with limited
19900:Mediterranean Basin
19880:Greater Middle East
19417:Ethiopian Highlands
19325:African Great Lakes
19183:– BBC World Service
19181:The Story of Africa
18803:. 2 December 2005.
18723:on 17 February 2009
18498:. 10 January 2002.
18063:on 2 December 2018.
17994:Pew Research Center
17363:(Suppl 1): S29–47.
17303:on 28 November 2006
17194:"Tuberculosis (TB)"
16844:on 24 November 2016
16750:on 23 February 2012
16603:(3). Archived from
16360:"World-Nuclear.org"
15997:. 23 October 2009.
15521:. 21 September 2022
15393:. 28 September 2022
15391:blogs.worldbank.org
14914:Lisa Benton-Short;
13720:on 6 September 2017
13712:Maaroufi, Youssef.
13694:. Elsevier, p. 12,
13128:Jens Finke (2010).
12860:await recognition."
12842:J. Cameron Monroe.
12508:2009Sci...324.1035T
12443:2018TEcoE..33..582S
12382:2019NatCo..10.3406M
12331:2017Sci...358..652S
12057:1962Natur.194..201V
11961:1999GeoRL..26.2037C
11568:Geography of Africa
11191:Mauritanian ouguiya
8754:The development of
8569:2010 FIFA World Cup
7783:Dance § Africa
7501:Serer creation myth
7487:(Nigeria, Cameroon)
7330:, after Europe and
7147:Ebola virus disease
6791:Education in Africa
6494:Scramble for Africa
6264:12 May 2012 at the
5926:
5416:. Lagos is a major
4720:Old Nubian language
4337:Languages of Africa
4297:(Transparency 2009)
2264:Literacy (M/F)
2115:victualling station
1941:Swahili City States
1702:History of Djibouti
1690:History of Ethiopia
1457:Royal Niger Company
1364:and the subsequent
1346:trans-Saharan trade
1256:trans-saharan trade
1057:African archaeology
1022:African archaeology
912:African Great Lakes
904:tropical rainforest
894:Ethiopian Highlands
863:Ethiopian Highlands
282:UNHCR Global Trends
21230:Historical regions
21220:Sub-Saharan Africa
20037:History of Africa
19960:Sub-Saharan Africa
19865:Commonwealth realm
19474:Northern Highlands
19422:Dahlak Archipelago
19160:". Carlisle, Pa.:
19035:on 17 October 2011
18528:on 30 January 2010
18466:"ScienceDaily.com"
18020:on 25 January 2017
17996:. 27 January 2011.
17722:The New York Times
17572:data.worldbank.org
17513:on 10 October 2017
17455:on 16 January 2013
17088:"More must happen"
16210:. Gold-Eagle.com.
16072:The New York Times
15077:. Washington D.C.
15044:. 7 January 2014.
15041:The New York Times
14495:on 2 February 2014
14464:The World Factbook
14262:The World Factbook
14226:The World Factbook
14202:on 21 October 2013
14161:The World Factbook
14092:The World Factbook
13988:The World Factbook
13959:The World Factbook
13930:The World Factbook
13898:The World Factbook
13869:The World Factbook
13761:on 3 February 2023
13564:on 14 January 2020
13488:data.worldbank.org
12256:Palgrave Macmillan
11000:
10967:Arabic and English
10835:South African rand
10797:Seychellois Creole
10716:Mozambican metical
10379:
10289:Tanzanian shilling
9676:Tanzanian shilling
9400:
8882:
8732:Haile Gebrselassie
8647:
8644:Namibia rugby team
8480:is created by the
8466:
8389:
8369:Clothing in Africa
8234:
8080:
7965:
7853:string instruments
7796:
7681:
7532:Bushongo mythology
7460:
7398:Abrahamic religion
7238:
7214:Traditional faiths
7175:Hinduism in Africa
7163:Religion in Africa
7137:Ministry of Health
7105:Maternal mortality
7071:campaign, and the
7060:
7018:maternal mortality
6998:HIV/AIDS in Africa
6994:
6976:HIV/AIDS in Africa
6957:Internet in Africa
6890:
6815:
6778:
6728:telecommunications
6704:
6652:
6554:
6422:
6303:
6280:
5922:
5869:
5369:
5361:
4443:
4424:
4409:
4394:
4378:
4363:
2289: (RANK/MARK)
2215:
2207:
2203:Population density
2044:
1926:
1902:-speaking peoples
1780:
1755:King Ezana's Stele
1723:
1698:History of Eritrea
1694:History of Somalia
1653:
1515:
1318:
1070:
882:hot desert climate
842:. The Sahel has a
791:
787:temperate climates
771:hot desert climate
750:Afrotropical realm
591:
545:Sahara pump theory
403:Sub-Saharan Africa
400:
382:(yellow) and the "
352:
329:
240: • Other
220:Traditional faiths
39:Sub-Saharan Africa
18:Sub Saharan Africa
21235:Regions of Africa
21207:
21206:
21201:
21200:
20974:Equatorial Guinea
20851:
20850:
20777:other territories
20550:Equatorial Guinea
20427:
20426:
20353:other territories
20126:Equatorial Guinea
19990:
19989:
19890:Islands of Africa
19870:Equatorial Africa
19822:Inner Niger Delta
19610:Tibesti Mountains
19469:Central Highlands
19355:Virunga Mountains
19350:Rift Valley lakes
19340:Great Rift Valley
19335:East African Rift
19302:OuaddaĂŻ highlands
19156:Chido, Diane E. "
19065:on 13 April 2012.
18639:978-9966-7244-8-9
18606:Christopher Ehret
18578:978-0-8213-4195-7
18439:978-1-931930-91-8
18321:Christopher Ehret
18280:978-0-8156-0522-5
18140:978-0-85255-475-3
17937:978-0-85229-956-2
17895:(16): 1481–1495.
17397:on 8 October 2007
17038:978-92-3-104240-9
16874:978-1-107-10470-9
16450:978-0-309-04990-0
16405:Christopher Ehret
16390:978-0-15-603372-5
15846:. 24 March 2006.
15419:. 20 January 2022
15372:978-92-861-5382-2
15193:978-1-447-3134-89
15009:978-3-319-0638-81
14970:978-1-431-4032-57
14921:Cities and Nature
14916:John Rennie Short
14888:978-0-702-2509-89
14806:978-1-446-2028-90
13847:978-0-631-20566-1
13806:978-3-11-017532-5
13798:Walter de Gruyter
13700:978-0-08-087774-7
13541:978-0-8213-7787-1
13519:5 August 2012 at
13512:According to the
13339:978-0-231-14242-7
13049:Balloux, François
12914:Romans and blacks
12765:"The Slave Trade"
12715:Davidson, Basil.
12637:978-0-521-86746-7
12502:(5930): 1035–44.
12325:(6363): 652–655.
11858:978-9-774-1629-30
11833:978-1-851-0924-51
11822:. Vol. 181.
11810:978-0-817-9760-26
11787:978-0-803-9884-77
11764:978-0-520-0790-76
11573:History of Africa
10909:Zimbabwean dollar
10799:, English, French
10788:Seychellois rupee
10260:, French, English
9647:, French, English
9291:Equatorial Guinea
9085:, French, English
8712:Cricket World Cup
8585:Emmanuel Adebayor
8561:Confederation Cup
8355:, and crueler or
8347:(stews of maize,
8283:(barbecue meat),
8112:pomegranate juice
8094:. Spices such as
8005:. Grains include
7960:accompanied with
7716:modernist artists
7614:Culture of Africa
7587:Tumbuka mythology
7565:(Kenya, Tanzania)
7544:Lugbara mythology
7474:Ashanti mythology
7222: Others (4%)
7045:healthcare reform
7039:, the capital of
7029:Bamako Initiative
6272:
6271:
5892:rose from 28% of
5882:COVID-19 pandemic
5850:Economy of Africa
5846:
5845:
5804:
5803:
5381:is a city in the
5331:
5330:
5263:(West Africa): 40
4652:, developed as a
4630:Equatorial Guinea
4471:Akkadian language
4273:
4272:
2597:Equatorial Guinea
2125:on behalf of the
2119:Cape of Good Hope
2031:Kingdom of Mutapa
1838:Sultanate of Adal
1614:Kingdom of Ndongo
1524:radiocarbon dated
1461:Sir George Goldie
1186:Homo floresiensis
1101:australopithecine
992:History of Africa
865:. The more humid
376:Equatorial Africa
368:tropical savannas
293:
292:
16:(Redirected from
21242:
20892:Sovereign states
20878:
20871:
20864:
20855:
20854:
20838:
20837:(United Kingdom)
20833:Tristan da Cunha
20829:Ascension Island
20821:
20808:
20799:
20775:Dependencies and
20468:Sovereign states
20454:
20447:
20440:
20431:
20430:
20414:
20413:(United Kingdom)
20409:Tristan da Cunha
20405:Ascension Island
20397:
20384:
20375:
20351:Dependencies and
20044:Sovereign states
20030:
20023:
20016:
20007:
20006:
19994:
19993:
19982:Zambezian region
19970:Sudanian savanna
19955:Southeast Africa
19935:Northeast Africa
19920:Miombo woodlands
19795:Guinea Highlands
19459:Lamu Archipelago
19437:Gulf of Tadjoura
19211:
19204:
19197:
19188:
19187:
19132:
19093:
19092:
19090:
19088:
19073:
19067:
19066:
19061:. Archived from
19051:
19045:
19044:
19042:
19040:
19025:
19019:
19018:
19017:on 20 June 2010.
19007:
19001:
19000:
18998:
18996:
18981:
18975:
18963:
18957:
18956:
18954:
18952:
18932:
18926:
18925:
18923:
18921:
18906:
18900:
18899:
18897:
18895:
18889:
18881:
18875:
18859:
18853:
18846:
18844:
18842:
18823:
18817:
18816:
18814:
18812:
18791:
18785:
18784:
18782:
18780:
18765:
18759:
18758:
18756:
18754:
18739:
18733:
18732:
18730:
18728:
18719:. Archived from
18713:
18704:
18703:
18698:. Archived from
18688:
18682:
18681:
18679:
18677:
18662:
18656:
18655:
18653:
18651:
18623:
18617:
18603:
18597:
18586:
18580:
18570:
18564:
18563:
18561:
18559:
18544:
18538:
18537:
18535:
18533:
18518:
18512:
18511:
18509:
18507:
18488:
18482:
18481:
18479:
18477:
18462:
18456:
18455:
18453:
18451:
18423:
18417:
18407:
18401:
18386:
18380:
18379:
18378:
18376:
18338:
18332:
18318:
18312:
18311:
18295:
18289:
18288:
18264:
18258:
18257:
18255:
18253:
18225:
18219:
18218:
18190:
18184:
18183:
18163:
18157:
18156:
18154:
18152:
18124:
18115:
18114:
18103:
18097:
18096:
18085:
18079:
18078:
18071:
18065:
18064:
18053:
18047:
18046:
18044:
18036:
18030:
18029:
18027:
18025:
18019:
18012:
18004:
17998:
17997:
17986:
17977:
17929:
17923:
17922:
17912:
17880:
17874:
17873:
17862:
17856:
17855:
17853:
17851:
17845:
17838:
17827:
17821:
17820:
17818:
17816:
17806:
17798:
17792:
17791:
17789:
17787:
17778:
17770:
17764:
17763:
17758:. Archived from
17747:
17741:
17740:
17738:
17736:
17713:
17707:
17706:
17704:
17702:
17687:
17678:
17677:
17675:
17673:
17658:
17649:
17648:
17620:
17614:
17613:
17611:
17609:
17594:
17588:
17587:
17585:
17583:
17564:
17558:
17557:
17555:
17553:
17547:
17540:
17532:
17523:
17522:
17520:
17518:
17512:
17505:
17497:
17491:
17490:
17488:
17486:
17471:
17465:
17464:
17462:
17460:
17445:
17439:
17438:
17436:
17434:
17428:
17421:
17413:
17407:
17406:
17404:
17402:
17393:. Archived from
17387:
17381:
17380:
17352:
17346:
17345:
17319:
17313:
17312:
17310:
17308:
17299:. Archived from
17293:
17287:
17286:
17276:
17266:
17241:
17235:
17234:
17232:
17230:
17216:
17210:
17209:
17207:
17205:
17190:
17184:
17183:
17173:
17163:
17139:
17133:
17132:
17130:
17128:
17114:
17108:
17107:
17105:
17103:
17083:
17077:
17076:
17074:
17072:
17061:
17055:
17054:
17052:
17050:
17041:. Archived from
17015:
17004:
16989:
16974:
16973:
16972:on 27 July 2011.
16962:
16956:
16955:
16953:
16951:
16935:
16929:
16928:
16894:
16885:
16879:
16878:
16860:
16854:
16853:
16851:
16849:
16840:. Archived from
16828:
16822:
16821:
16819:
16817:
16797:
16791:
16790:
16788:
16786:
16766:
16760:
16759:
16757:
16755:
16735:
16726:
16712:
16706:
16705:
16703:
16701:
16681:
16675:
16674:
16672:
16670:
16661:. Archived from
16628:
16617:
16616:
16614:
16612:
16586:
16575:
16574:
16572:
16570:
16564:
16551:
16543:
16537:
16536:
16534:
16532:
16516:
16510:
16499:
16493:
16492:
16485:
16479:
16478:
16476:
16474:
16459:
16453:
16442:
16436:
16422:
16416:
16402:
16393:
16382:
16376:
16375:
16373:
16371:
16356:
16350:
16349:
16347:
16345:
16330:
16324:
16323:
16321:
16319:
16304:
16298:
16297:
16295:
16293:
16287:
16276:
16267:
16261:
16260:
16258:
16256:
16250:
16239:
16230:
16224:
16223:
16221:
16219:
16203:
16197:
16196:
16191:
16189:
16183:
16172:
16163:
16157:
16156:
16154:
16152:
16137:
16128:
16127:
16121:
16119:
16113:
16106:
16097:
16091:
16090:
16088:
16086:
16063:
16057:
16056:
16054:
16052:
16037:
16031:
16017:
16011:
16010:
16008:
16006:
15987:
15981:
15980:
15978:
15976:
15956:
15947:
15946:
15944:
15942:
15928:
15922:
15921:
15919:
15917:
15897:
15891:
15890:
15888:
15886:
15866:
15860:
15859:
15857:
15855:
15836:
15830:
15829:
15827:
15825:
15819:
15812:
15804:
15798:
15781:
15748:
15747:
15745:
15743:
15721:
15715:
15714:
15712:
15710:
15696:
15690:
15689:
15687:
15685:
15671:
15662:
15661:
15659:
15657:
15637:
15631:
15630:
15628:
15626:
15612:
15606:
15605:
15603:
15601:
15587:
15581:
15580:
15578:
15576:
15562:
15556:
15555:
15553:
15551:
15537:
15531:
15530:
15528:
15526:
15511:
15505:
15504:
15502:
15500:
15485:
15479:
15478:
15476:
15474:
15460:
15454:
15453:
15451:
15449:
15435:
15429:
15428:
15426:
15424:
15409:
15403:
15402:
15400:
15398:
15383:
15377:
15376:
15356:
15350:
15349:
15347:
15345:
15330:
15324:
15323:
15321:
15319:
15299:
15293:
15292:
15290:
15288:
15283:on 28 April 2007
15272:
15266:
15265:
15263:
15261:
15246:
15240:
15239:
15237:
15235:
15226:. Archived from
15216:
15210:
15209:
15207:
15205:
15177:
15171:
15170:
15149:
15143:
15142:
15140:
15138:
15123:
15117:
15116:
15114:
15112:
15097:
15091:
15090:
15088:
15086:
15064:
15058:
15057:
15055:
15053:
15032:
15026:
15025:
15023:
15021:
14993:
14987:
14986:
14984:
14982:
14954:
14948:
14947:
14945:
14943:
14911:
14905:
14904:
14902:
14900:
14868:
14862:
14861:
14859:
14857:
14829:
14823:
14822:
14820:
14818:
14790:
14784:
14783:
14781:
14779:
14752:
14746:
14733:
14722:
14709:
14703:
14690:
14681:
14668:
14659:
14658:
14656:
14654:
14639:
14633:
14620:
14614:
14601:
14595:
14582:
14576:
14563:
14557:
14544:
14531:
14530:
14528:
14526:
14511:
14505:
14504:
14502:
14500:
14481:
14475:
14474:
14473:
14471:
14456:
14450:
14437:
14426:
14413:
14396:
14390:
14373:
14360:
14345:
14332:
14321:
14320:
14318:
14316:
14307:. Archived from
14297:
14291:
14290:
14279:
14273:
14272:
14271:
14269:
14254:
14241:
14240:
14239:
14237:
14218:
14212:
14211:
14209:
14207:
14201:
14195:. Archived from
14190:
14182:
14176:
14175:
14174:
14172:
14153:
14147:
14146:
14144:
14142:
14136:
14121:
14113:
14107:
14106:
14105:
14103:
14084:
14078:
14076:
14066:
14060:
14059:
14057:
14055:
14045:
14039:
14038:
14036:
14034:
14028:
14017:
14009:
14003:
14002:
14001:
13999:
13980:
13974:
13973:
13972:
13970:
13951:
13945:
13944:
13943:
13941:
13922:
13913:
13912:
13911:
13909:
13890:
13884:
13883:
13882:
13880:
13861:
13850:
13839:
13833:
13815:
13809:
13794:
13788:
13777:
13771:
13770:
13768:
13766:
13760:
13754:. Archived from
13745:
13736:
13730:
13729:
13727:
13725:
13716:. Archived from
13709:
13703:
13688:
13682:
13681:
13679:
13677:
13662:
13656:
13655:
13653:
13651:
13636:
13630:
13629:
13627:
13625:
13606:
13600:
13599:
13597:
13595:
13580:
13574:
13573:
13571:
13569:
13560:. Archived from
13550:
13544:
13533:
13524:
13510:
13504:
13503:
13501:
13499:
13480:
13474:
13473:
13471:
13469:
13454:
13448:
13447:
13445:
13443:
13433:
13425:
13419:
13418:
13416:
13414:
13399:
13393:
13374:
13368:
13365:
13356:
13355:
13353:
13351:
13319:
13313:
13312:
13310:
13308:
13280:
13274:
13273:
13271:
13269:
13264:on 15 March 2005
13253:
13247:
13246:
13244:
13242:
13224:
13218:
13208:
13202:
13201:
13199:
13197:
13182:
13176:
13172:
13166:
13163:
13157:
13154:
13148:
13147:
13135:
13125:
13119:
13116:
13110:
13109:
13107:
13097:
13091:
13090:
13080:
13044:
13038:
13037:
13035:
13033:
13005:
12999:
12996:
12990:
12987:
12981:
12978:
12972:
12969:
12963:
12960:
12954:
12951:
12945:
12944:
12942:
12940:
12908:
12902:
12891:
12880:
12879:
12867:
12861:
12857:
12851:
12849:
12839:
12833:
12832:
12827:. Archived from
12804:
12798:
12797:
12787:
12781:
12780:
12778:
12776:
12761:
12755:
12754:
12734:
12728:
12713:
12707:
12704:
12698:
12683:
12677:
12666:
12660:
12645:
12639:
12625:
12619:
12604:
12598:
12597:
12567:
12561:
12560:
12559:on 6 March 2012.
12553:SWI swissinfo.ch
12544:
12538:
12537:
12527:
12487:
12481:
12480:
12470:
12423:Timmermann, Axel
12418:
12412:
12411:
12401:
12359:
12353:
12352:
12342:
12310:
12304:
12293:
12287:
12276:
12267:
12252:
12246:
12245:
12243:
12241:
12222:
12216:
12211:James Hastings,
12209:
12203:
12196:Bethwell A. Ogot
12193:
12187:
12180:
12174:
12171:
12165:
12162:
12156:
12153:Nehemia Levtzion
12150:
12141:
12140:
12128:
12122:
12121:
12115:
12113:
12090:
12077:
12076:
12065:10.1038/194201a0
12051:(4824): 201–03.
12040:
12034:
12031:
12029:
12027:
12018:. 12 July 1999.
12005:
12003:
12001:
11995:
11980:
11946:
11935:
11929:
11928:
11926:
11924:
11905:
11899:
11898:
11896:
11894:
11875:
11869:
11866:
11865:on 28 July 2020.
11861:. Archived from
11837:
11814:
11791:
11768:
11743:
11741:
11739:
11722:
11720:
11718:
11702:
11689:
11683:
11682:
11680:
11678:
11673:on 20 April 2010
11669:. Archived from
11663:
11657:
11656:
11654:
11652:
11638:
11632:
11630:
11628:
11626:
11615:
11609:
11608:
11606:
11604:
11589:
11558:African diaspora
11552:
11550:Geography portal
11547:
11546:
11545:
11538:
11533:
11532:
11531:
11497:
11495:
11494:
11467:
11465:
11464:
11437:
11435:
11434:
11407:
11405:
11404:
11377:
11375:
11374:
11343:
11341:
11340:
11313:
11311:
11310:
11283:
11281:
11280:
11242:
11240:
11239:
11211:
11209:
11208:
11173:
11171:
11170:
11143:
11141:
11140:
11113:
11111:
11110:
11083:
11081:
11080:
11053:
11051:
11050:
11019:
11017:
11016:
10993:
10983:
10941:
10939:
10938:
10891:
10889:
10888:
10855:
10853:
10852:
10809:
10807:
10806:
10790:(Re/Rs /-)
10770:
10768:
10767:
10734:
10732:
10731:
10698:
10696:
10695:
10682:(Re/Rs /-)
10662:
10660:
10659:
10626:
10624:
10623:
10587:
10585:
10584:
10548:
10546:
10545:
10509:
10507:
10506:
10499:, Arabic, French
10470:
10468:
10467:
10431:
10429:
10428:
10398:(also in ECCAS)
10394:
10392:
10391:
10371:
10365:
10355:
10328:Ugandan shilling
10310:
10308:
10307:
10270:
10268:
10267:
10234:(also in ECCAS)
10230:
10228:
10227:
10191:
10189:
10188:
10150:(also in ECCAS)
10146:
10144:
10143:
10129:Southeast Africa
10089:
10087:
10086:
10046:
10044:
10043:
9996:
9994:
9993:
9942:
9940:
9939:
9891:
9889:
9888:
9866:Djiboutian franc
9848:
9846:
9845:
9831:Northeast Africa
9811:Djiboutian franc
9793:
9791:
9790:
9742:
9740:
9739:
9701:(also in ECCAS)
9697:
9695:
9694:
9657:
9655:
9654:
9621:(also in ECCAS)
9617:
9615:
9614:
9596:Ugandan shilling
9578:
9576:
9575:
9539:
9537:
9536:
9516:(So.Sh /-)
9496:
9494:
9493:
9453:
9451:
9450:
9410:
9408:
9407:
9396:
9386:
9377:
9367:
9325:
9323:
9322:
9289:
9287:
9286:
9253:
9251:
9250:
9217:
9215:
9214:
9178:
9176:
9175:
9142:
9140:
9139:
9095:
9093:
9092:
9055:
9053:
9052:
9018:
9016:
9015:
8976:
8974:
8973:
8939:
8937:
8936:
8892:
8890:
8889:
8874:
8864:
8858:
8717:Over the years,
8613:Bruce Grobbelaar
8531:Cinema of Africa
8449:Ficus natalensis
8157:is used to make
8033:. Beverages are
7857:pentatonic scale
7849:Northeast Africa
7818:rhythm and blues
7728:Jacques Lipchitz
7678:
7576:Khoisan religion
7557:Akamba mythology
7551:Southeast Africa
7526:Lotuko mythology
7509:(Nigeria, Benin)
7507:Yoruba mythology
7417:ancestor worship
7232:Distribution of
7221:
7211:
7201:
7191:
7126:Northeast Africa
7022:infant mortality
6551:Eastern Province
6505:
6504:
6500:
6401:Oil and minerals
5927:
5921:
5912:Energy and power
5841:
5838:
5832:
5820:
5819:
5812:
5537:
5525:
5524:
5420:in Africa; this
5418:financial centre
5217:(Nigeria): 30–35
4941:Southeast Africa
4732:
4731:
4727:primary language
4485:of northeastern
4483:Eblaite language
4473:of Mesopotamia (
4459:language isolate
4435:European African
4349:African diaspora
4245:
4243:
4242:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4029:
4027:
4026:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3009:
3007:
3006:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2273:Life (Exp.)
2248:
2247:
2123:Jan van Riebeeck
1973:Swahili language
1876:Southeast Africa
1854:Geledi Sultanate
1850:Ethiopian Empire
1840:, whose General
1827:Ajuran Sultanate
1810:for the wealthy
1773:Fasilides Castle
1748:
1637:History of Sudan
1582:Kingdom of Kongo
1451:. Following the
1426:Kingdom of Benin
1348:, including the
1298:Kingdom of Benin
964:Kalahari Deserts
779:tropical climate
626:Southeast Africa
535:. There is also
421:. These include
374:(dark green) of
285:
278:
191:Religions (2020)
68:
62:
57: The Sahara
56:
49:
35:
34:
21:
21250:
21249:
21245:
21244:
21243:
21241:
21240:
21239:
21210:
21209:
21208:
21203:
21202:
21193:
21177:
21175:
21168:
20887:
20882:
20852:
20847:
20846:
20836:
20819:
20806:
20797:
20778:
20776:
20769:
20753:
20751:
20744:
20463:
20458:
20428:
20423:
20422:
20412:
20395:
20382:
20373:
20354:
20352:
20345:
20329:
20327:
20320:
20039:
20034:
19999:
19991:
19986:
19977:Tropical Africa
19838:
19726:
19705:Kalahari Desert
19690:Albany thickets
19655:Succulent Karoo
19619:
19521:Atlas Mountains
19492:
19311:
19224:
19215:
19171:
19153:
19151:Further reading
19102:
19097:
19096:
19086:
19084:
19075:
19074:
19070:
19053:
19052:
19048:
19038:
19036:
19027:
19026:
19022:
19009:
19008:
19004:
18994:
18992:
18985:"Worldbank.org"
18983:
18982:
18978:
18973:Wayback Machine
18964:
18960:
18950:
18948:
18933:
18929:
18919:
18917:
18908:
18907:
18903:
18893:
18891:
18890:. Worldbank.org
18887:
18883:
18882:
18878:
18872:Wayback Machine
18860:
18856:
18850:Stephen Cherono
18847:
18840:
18838:
18825:
18824:
18820:
18810:
18808:
18793:
18792:
18788:
18778:
18776:
18769:"AllAfrica.com"
18767:
18766:
18762:
18752:
18750:
18741:
18740:
18736:
18726:
18724:
18715:
18714:
18707:
18690:
18689:
18685:
18675:
18673:
18664:
18663:
18659:
18649:
18647:
18640:
18624:
18620:
18604:
18600:
18587:
18583:
18571:
18567:
18557:
18555:
18546:
18545:
18541:
18531:
18529:
18520:
18519:
18515:
18505:
18503:
18490:
18489:
18485:
18475:
18473:
18464:
18463:
18459:
18449:
18447:
18440:
18424:
18420:
18408:
18404:
18387:
18383:
18374:
18372:
18365:
18339:
18335:
18319:
18315:
18296:
18292:
18281:
18265:
18261:
18251:
18249:
18242:
18226:
18222:
18207:10.2307/1166258
18191:
18187:
18164:
18160:
18150:
18148:
18141:
18125:
18118:
18111:www.thearda.com
18105:
18104:
18100:
18093:www.thearda.com
18087:
18086:
18082:
18075:"Guinea-Bissau"
18073:
18072:
18068:
18055:
18054:
18050:
18042:
18038:
18037:
18033:
18023:
18021:
18017:
18010:
18006:
18005:
18001:
17988:
17987:
17980:
17974:Wayback Machine
17963:Wayback Machine
17951:Wayback Machine
17940:
17930:
17926:
17881:
17877:
17864:
17863:
17859:
17849:
17847:
17843:
17836:
17828:
17824:
17814:
17812:
17804:
17800:
17799:
17795:
17785:
17783:
17776:
17772:
17771:
17767:
17748:
17744:
17734:
17732:
17714:
17710:
17700:
17698:
17689:
17688:
17681:
17671:
17669:
17660:
17659:
17652:
17631:(9): 1594–600.
17621:
17617:
17607:
17605:
17596:
17595:
17591:
17581:
17579:
17566:
17565:
17561:
17551:
17549:
17545:
17538:
17534:
17533:
17526:
17516:
17514:
17510:
17503:
17499:
17498:
17494:
17484:
17482:
17473:
17472:
17468:
17458:
17456:
17447:
17446:
17442:
17432:
17430:
17426:
17419:
17415:
17414:
17410:
17400:
17398:
17389:
17388:
17384:
17353:
17349:
17334:
17320:
17316:
17306:
17304:
17295:
17294:
17290:
17242:
17238:
17228:
17226:
17218:
17217:
17213:
17203:
17201:
17192:
17191:
17187:
17140:
17136:
17126:
17124:
17116:
17115:
17111:
17101:
17099:
17084:
17080:
17070:
17068:
17063:
17062:
17058:
17048:
17046:
17045:on 22 July 2023
17039:
17017:
17016:
17007:
17002:Wayback Machine
16990:
16977:
16964:
16963:
16959:
16949:
16947:
16936:
16932:
16892:
16886:
16882:
16875:
16861:
16857:
16847:
16845:
16830:
16829:
16825:
16815:
16813:
16798:
16794:
16784:
16782:
16767:
16763:
16753:
16751:
16736:
16729:
16723:Wayback Machine
16713:
16709:
16699:
16697:
16682:
16678:
16668:
16666:
16629:
16620:
16610:
16608:
16587:
16578:
16568:
16566:
16562:
16549:
16545:
16544:
16540:
16530:
16528:
16517:
16513:
16500:
16496:
16487:
16486:
16482:
16472:
16470:
16461:
16460:
16456:
16443:
16439:
16433:Wayback Machine
16423:
16419:
16403:
16396:
16383:
16379:
16369:
16367:
16358:
16357:
16353:
16343:
16341:
16332:
16331:
16327:
16317:
16315:
16306:
16305:
16301:
16291:
16289:
16285:
16274:
16268:
16264:
16254:
16252:
16248:
16237:
16231:
16227:
16217:
16215:
16204:
16200:
16187:
16185:
16181:
16170:
16164:
16160:
16150:
16148:
16138:
16131:
16117:
16115:
16111:
16104:
16098:
16094:
16084:
16082:
16064:
16060:
16050:
16048:
16039:
16038:
16034:
16028:Wayback Machine
16018:
16014:
16004:
16002:
15989:
15988:
15984:
15974:
15972:
15957:
15950:
15940:
15938:
15930:
15929:
15925:
15915:
15913:
15898:
15894:
15884:
15882:
15867:
15863:
15853:
15851:
15838:
15837:
15833:
15823:
15821:
15817:
15810:
15808:"Creamer Media"
15806:
15805:
15801:
15792:Wayback Machine
15782:
15751:
15741:
15739:
15723:
15722:
15718:
15708:
15706:
15698:
15697:
15693:
15683:
15681:
15673:
15672:
15665:
15655:
15653:
15638:
15634:
15624:
15622:
15614:
15613:
15609:
15599:
15597:
15589:
15588:
15584:
15574:
15572:
15564:
15563:
15559:
15549:
15547:
15539:
15538:
15534:
15524:
15522:
15513:
15512:
15508:
15498:
15496:
15486:
15482:
15472:
15470:
15462:
15461:
15457:
15447:
15445:
15437:
15436:
15432:
15422:
15420:
15411:
15410:
15406:
15396:
15394:
15385:
15384:
15380:
15373:
15357:
15353:
15343:
15341:
15332:
15331:
15327:
15317:
15315:
15300:
15296:
15286:
15284:
15273:
15269:
15259:
15257:
15248:
15247:
15243:
15233:
15231:
15217:
15213:
15203:
15201:
15194:
15178:
15174:
15167:
15150:
15146:
15136:
15134:
15125:
15124:
15120:
15110:
15108:
15103:. 2 July 2015.
15099:
15098:
15094:
15084:
15082:
15065:
15061:
15051:
15049:
15034:
15033:
15029:
15019:
15017:
15010:
14994:
14990:
14980:
14978:
14971:
14955:
14951:
14941:
14939:
14932:
14912:
14908:
14898:
14896:
14889:
14881:. p. 163.
14869:
14865:
14855:
14853:
14846:
14830:
14826:
14816:
14814:
14807:
14791:
14787:
14777:
14775:
14768:
14754:
14753:
14749:
14743:Wayback Machine
14734:
14725:
14719:Wayback Machine
14710:
14706:
14700:Wayback Machine
14691:
14684:
14678:Wayback Machine
14669:
14662:
14652:
14650:
14641:
14640:
14636:
14630:Wayback Machine
14621:
14617:
14611:Wayback Machine
14602:
14598:
14592:Wayback Machine
14583:
14579:
14573:Wayback Machine
14564:
14560:
14554:Wayback Machine
14545:
14534:
14524:
14522:
14513:
14512:
14508:
14498:
14496:
14483:
14482:
14478:
14469:
14467:
14458:
14457:
14453:
14447:Wayback Machine
14438:
14429:
14423:Wayback Machine
14414:
14399:
14391:
14376:
14370:Wayback Machine
14361:
14348:
14342:Wayback Machine
14333:
14324:
14314:
14312:
14299:
14298:
14294:
14281:
14280:
14276:
14267:
14265:
14256:
14255:
14244:
14235:
14233:
14220:
14219:
14215:
14205:
14203:
14199:
14188:
14184:
14183:
14179:
14170:
14168:
14155:
14154:
14150:
14140:
14138:
14137:on 5 March 2009
14134:
14119:
14115:
14114:
14110:
14101:
14099:
14086:
14085:
14081:
14067:
14063:
14053:
14051:
14047:
14046:
14042:
14032:
14030:
14029:on 6 April 2012
14026:
14015:
14011:
14010:
14006:
13997:
13995:
13982:
13981:
13977:
13968:
13966:
13953:
13952:
13948:
13939:
13937:
13924:
13923:
13916:
13907:
13905:
13892:
13891:
13887:
13878:
13876:
13863:
13862:
13853:
13840:
13836:
13826:Wayback Machine
13816:
13812:
13795:
13791:
13787:, 9780415939331
13778:
13774:
13764:
13762:
13758:
13743:
13737:
13733:
13723:
13721:
13710:
13706:
13689:
13685:
13675:
13673:
13664:
13663:
13659:
13649:
13647:
13638:
13637:
13633:
13623:
13621:
13620:on 7 April 2010
13608:
13607:
13603:
13593:
13591:
13582:
13581:
13577:
13567:
13565:
13552:
13551:
13547:
13534:
13527:
13511:
13507:
13497:
13495:
13482:
13481:
13477:
13467:
13465:
13456:
13455:
13451:
13441:
13439:
13431:
13427:
13426:
13422:
13412:
13410:
13401:
13400:
13396:
13375:
13371:
13366:
13359:
13349:
13347:
13340:
13332:. p. 222.
13320:
13316:
13306:
13304:
13297:
13281:
13277:
13267:
13265:
13254:
13250:
13240:
13238:
13225:
13221:
13209:
13205:
13195:
13193:
13184:
13183:
13179:
13173:
13169:
13164:
13160:
13155:
13151:
13144:
13126:
13122:
13117:
13113:
13098:
13094:
13045:
13041:
13031:
13029:
13022:
13006:
13002:
12997:
12993:
12988:
12984:
12979:
12975:
12970:
12966:
12961:
12957:
12952:
12948:
12938:
12936:
12929:
12909:
12905:
12892:
12883:
12873:
12868:
12864:
12858:
12854:
12840:
12836:
12805:
12801:
12788:
12784:
12774:
12772:
12763:
12762:
12758:
12751:
12735:
12731:
12714:
12710:
12705:
12701:
12684:
12680:
12667:
12663:
12646:
12642:
12626:
12622:
12605:
12601:
12568:
12564:
12545:
12541:
12488:
12484:
12419:
12415:
12360:
12356:
12311:
12307:
12294:
12290:
12277:
12270:
12253:
12249:
12239:
12237:
12224:
12223:
12219:
12210:
12206:
12194:
12190:
12181:
12177:
12172:
12168:
12163:
12159:
12151:
12144:
12129:
12125:
12111:
12109:
12107:
12091:
12080:
12041:
12037:
12025:
12023:
12008:
11999:
11997:
11993:
11955:(14): 2037–40.
11944:
11936:
11932:
11922:
11920:
11919:on 7 March 2014
11907:
11906:
11902:
11892:
11890:
11877:
11876:
11872:
11859:
11834:
11811:
11788:
11778:SAGE Publishing
11765:
11737:
11735:
11716:
11714:
11705:
11693:
11690:
11686:
11676:
11674:
11665:
11664:
11660:
11650:
11648:
11639:
11635:
11624:
11622:
11617:
11616:
11612:
11602:
11600:
11591:
11590:
11586:
11581:
11548:
11543:
11541:
11534:
11529:
11527:
11524:
11492:
11490:
11462:
11460:
11432:
11430:
11402:
11400:
11372:
11370:
11338:
11336:
11308:
11306:
11278:
11276:
11237:
11235:
11206:
11204:
11168:
11166:
11161:Liberian dollar
11138:
11136:
11108:
11106:
11078:
11076:
11048:
11046:
11014:
11012:
10998:
10991:
10989:
10981:
10974:
10936:
10934:
10924:
10886:
10884:
10850:
10848:
10804:
10802:
10765:
10763:
10752:Namibian dollar
10729:
10727:
10693:
10691:
10680:Mauritian rupee
10657:
10655:
10644:Malawian kwacha
10621:
10619:
10605:Malagasy ariary
10582:
10580:
10543:
10541:
10527:Swazi lilangeni
10504:
10502:
10465:
10463:
10426:
10424:
10389:
10387:
10377:
10369:
10367:
10363:
10361:
10353:
10346:
10344:Southern Africa
10305:
10303:
10291:(TSh. /=)
10274:(also in SADC)
10265:
10263:
10225:
10223:
10209:Kenyan shilling
10186:
10184:
10170:Burundian franc
10141:
10139:
10131:
10084:
10082:
10074:Sudanese Arabic
10041:
10039:
10014:Somali shilling
9991:
9989:
9937:
9935:
9886:
9884:
9843:
9841:
9833:
9788:
9786:
9737:
9735:
9721:Burundian franc
9692:
9690:
9661:(also in SADC)
9652:
9650:
9612:
9610:
9573:
9571:
9557:Kenyan shilling
9534:
9532:
9514:Somali shilling
9491:
9489:
9448:
9446:
9438:Sudanese Arabic
9405:
9403:
9398:
9394:
9392:
9384:
9382:
9375:
9373:
9365:
9358:
9320:
9318:
9315:Spanish, French
9284:
9282:
9248:
9246:
9212:
9210:
9173:
9171:
9168:English, French
9137:
9135:
9090:
9088:
9050:
9048:
9037:Congolese franc
9022:(also in SADC)
9013:
9011:
9000:Burundian franc
8971:
8969:
8943:(also in SADC)
8934:
8932:
8887:
8885:
8880:
8872:
8870:
8862:
8860:
8856:
8849:
8801:Northern Africa
8769:
8752:
8736:Kenenisa Bekele
8670:Rugby World Cup
8553:
8548:
8542:
8537:
8527:
8522:
8516:
8375:
8365:
7950:
7936:African cuisine
7932:
7785:
7759:Music of Africa
7755:
7750:
7736:
7663:
7649:
7640:
7610:
7570:Southern Africa
7563:Masai mythology
7559:(eastern Kenya)
7520:Dinka mythology
7346:respectively.
7234:Islam in Africa
7226:
7225:
7224:
7223:
7219:
7217:
7209:
7207:
7199:
7197:
7189:
7181:
7171:Islam in Africa
7159:
7114:Maputo Protocol
7056:Southern Africa
6982:
6972:
6967:
6949:
6874:
6825:. According to
6799:
6793:
6787:
6770:
6764:
6740:development aid
6716:economic growth
6692:
6686:
6582:black-eyed peas
6539:
6529:, the DRC, and
6502:
6498:
6497:
6403:
6359:
6301:, South Africa
6266:Wayback Machine
6227:Af: Ivory Coast
5924:
5920:
5914:
5890:government debt
5852:
5842:
5836:
5833:
5830:
5821:
5817:
5810:
5805:
5542:
5541:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5375:
5351:
5346:
5338:Main articles:
5336:
5334:Genetic history
5079:Southern Africa
4672:
4660:Kalahari Desert
4574:
4550:Bantu expansion
4538:Southern Africa
4530:
4451:
4355:
4333:
4240:
4238:
4204:
4202:
4168:
4166:
4132:
4130:
4096:
4094:
4060:
4058:
4024:
4022:
3988:
3986:
3952:
3950:
3916:
3914:
3880:
3878:
3844:
3842:
3802:
3800:
3760:
3758:
3718:
3716:
3676:
3674:
3634:
3632:
3592:
3590:
3550:
3548:
3508:
3506:
3466:
3464:
3424:
3422:
3382:
3380:
3340:
3338:
3298:
3296:
3256:
3254:
3214:
3212:
3172:
3170:
3130:
3128:
3088:
3086:
3046:
3044:
3004:
3002:
2968:
2966:
2926:
2924:
2884:
2882:
2842:
2840:
2800:
2798:
2758:
2756:
2716:
2714:
2674:
2672:
2632:
2630:
2590:
2588:
2548:
2546:
2506:
2504:
2464:
2462:
2422:
2420:
2380:
2378:
2338:
2336:
2296:
2294:
2205:in Africa, 2006
2196:
2190:
2185:
2179:
2159:Sir David Blair
2157:, commanded by
2111:Bartolomeu Dias
2092:Southern Africa
2046:Settlements of
2033:
2027:
2021:
2019:Southern Africa
1945:Swahili culture
1888:
1878:
1846:Adal's conquest
1784:ancient Somalia
1708:
1686:
1680:
1639:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1558:Bantu Migration
1505:, queen of the
1495:
1489:
1471:as part of the
1453:Napoleonic Wars
1445:Aro confederacy
1322:Bantu expansion
1304:
1282:
1276:
1059:
1029:
1024:
1014:African empires
1010:
990:Main articles:
988:
941:miombo woodland
900:Tropical Africa
760:
746:
734:Southern Africa
675:Bilad al-Barbar
602:medieval period
579:
504:(and sometimes
431:Southern Africa
396:Bantu expansion
388:Southern Africa
378:, and the arid
307:
300:Combined green:
289:
288:
279:
275:
72:
71:
70:
66:
64:
63: The Sahel
60:
58:
54:
40:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
21248:
21238:
21237:
21232:
21227:
21222:
21205:
21204:
21199:
21198:
21195:
21194:
21192:
21191:
21186:
21180:
21178:
21173:
21170:
21169:
21167:
21166:
21161:
21156:
21151:
21146:
21141:
21136:
21131:
21126:
21121:
21116:
21111:
21106:
21101:
21096:
21091:
21086:
21081:
21076:
21071:
21066:
21061:
21056:
21051:
21046:
21041:
21036:
21031:
21026:
21021:
21016:
21011:
21006:
21001:
20996:
20991:
20986:
20981:
20976:
20971:
20966:
20961:
20956:
20951:
20946:
20941:
20936:
20931:
20926:
20921:
20916:
20911:
20906:
20901:
20895:
20893:
20889:
20888:
20881:
20880:
20873:
20866:
20858:
20849:
20848:
20845:
20844:
20842:Western Sahara
20839:
20822:
20809:
20800:
20786:Canary Islands
20782:
20781:
20779:
20774:
20771:
20770:
20768:
20767:
20762:
20756:
20754:
20749:
20746:
20745:
20743:
20742:
20737:
20732:
20727:
20722:
20717:
20712:
20707:
20702:
20697:
20692:
20687:
20682:
20677:
20672:
20667:
20662:
20657:
20652:
20647:
20642:
20637:
20632:
20627:
20622:
20617:
20612:
20607:
20602:
20597:
20592:
20587:
20582:
20577:
20572:
20567:
20562:
20557:
20552:
20547:
20542:
20537:
20532:
20527:
20522:
20517:
20512:
20507:
20502:
20497:
20492:
20487:
20482:
20477:
20471:
20469:
20465:
20464:
20457:
20456:
20449:
20442:
20434:
20425:
20424:
20421:
20420:
20418:Western Sahara
20415:
20398:
20385:
20376:
20362:Canary Islands
20358:
20357:
20355:
20350:
20347:
20346:
20344:
20343:
20338:
20332:
20330:
20325:
20322:
20321:
20319:
20318:
20313:
20308:
20303:
20298:
20293:
20288:
20283:
20278:
20273:
20268:
20263:
20258:
20253:
20248:
20243:
20238:
20233:
20228:
20223:
20218:
20213:
20208:
20203:
20198:
20193:
20188:
20183:
20178:
20173:
20168:
20163:
20158:
20153:
20148:
20143:
20138:
20133:
20128:
20123:
20118:
20113:
20108:
20103:
20098:
20093:
20088:
20083:
20078:
20073:
20068:
20063:
20058:
20053:
20047:
20045:
20041:
20040:
20033:
20032:
20025:
20018:
20010:
20004:
20001:
20000:
19988:
19987:
19985:
19984:
19979:
19974:
19973:
19972:
19965:Sudan (region)
19962:
19957:
19952:
19947:
19942:
19937:
19932:
19927:
19922:
19917:
19912:
19907:
19902:
19897:
19892:
19887:
19882:
19877:
19872:
19867:
19862:
19857:
19852:
19846:
19844:
19840:
19839:
19837:
19836:
19831:
19830:
19829:
19824:
19819:
19809:
19808:
19807:
19802:
19800:Gulf of Guinea
19797:
19792:
19787:
19782:
19777:
19767:
19762:
19757:
19752:
19747:
19742:
19736:
19734:
19728:
19727:
19725:
19724:
19723:
19722:
19715:Cape Peninsula
19712:
19710:Okavango Delta
19707:
19702:
19700:Skeleton Coast
19697:
19692:
19687:
19682:
19677:
19672:
19667:
19662:
19657:
19652:
19647:
19646:
19645:
19640:
19629:
19627:
19621:
19620:
19618:
19617:
19615:Western Sahara
19612:
19607:
19606:
19605:
19600:
19595:
19590:
19588:Nuba Mountains
19585:
19580:
19575:
19570:
19565:
19560:
19555:
19550:
19540:
19539:
19538:
19533:
19528:
19523:
19518:
19508:
19506:Eastern Desert
19502:
19500:
19494:
19493:
19491:
19490:
19485:
19484:
19483:
19478:
19477:
19476:
19471:
19461:
19456:
19454:Comoro Islands
19446:
19445:
19444:
19439:
19434:
19429:
19427:Hanish Islands
19424:
19419:
19414:
19412:Danakil Desert
19409:
19404:
19399:
19394:
19387:Horn of Africa
19384:
19379:
19374:
19369:
19368:
19367:
19362:
19357:
19352:
19347:
19342:
19337:
19332:
19330:Albertine Rift
19321:
19319:
19313:
19312:
19310:
19309:
19307:Ennedi Plateau
19304:
19299:
19294:
19289:
19284:
19279:
19274:
19269:
19268:
19267:
19257:
19252:
19247:
19246:
19245:
19243:Gulf of Guinea
19234:
19232:
19226:
19225:
19214:
19213:
19206:
19199:
19191:
19185:
19184:
19178:
19170:
19169:External links
19167:
19166:
19165:
19152:
19149:
19126:
19125:
19122:
19121:
19101:
19098:
19095:
19094:
19068:
19046:
19020:
19002:
18976:
18958:
18927:
18901:
18876:
18854:
18818:
18800:Deutsche Welle
18786:
18760:
18734:
18705:
18683:
18657:
18638:
18618:
18598:
18581:
18565:
18539:
18513:
18483:
18457:
18438:
18418:
18402:
18381:
18363:
18333:
18313:
18290:
18279:
18259:
18240:
18220:
18185:
18158:
18139:
18116:
18098:
18080:
18066:
18048:
18031:
17999:
17978:
17924:
17875:
17857:
17822:
17793:
17765:
17742:
17708:
17679:
17650:
17615:
17589:
17559:
17524:
17492:
17466:
17440:
17422:. Unaids.org.
17408:
17382:
17347:
17333:978-1435728905
17332:
17326:. : Lulu Com.
17314:
17288:
17236:
17211:
17185:
17134:
17109:
17078:
17056:
17037:
17005:
16975:
16957:
16942:. scidev.net.
16930:
16903:(2): 294–325.
16880:
16873:
16855:
16823:
16792:
16761:
16744:buanews.gov.za
16727:
16707:
16676:
16665:on 31 May 2014
16638:Monthly Review
16618:
16607:on 31 May 2014
16596:Monthly Review
16576:
16538:
16521:"Blogspot.com"
16511:
16494:
16480:
16454:
16437:
16417:
16394:
16377:
16351:
16340:on 10 May 2006
16325:
16299:
16262:
16225:
16198:
16158:
16129:
16092:
16058:
16032:
16012:
15982:
15948:
15923:
15892:
15875:Science Friday
15861:
15831:
15799:
15749:
15716:
15691:
15663:
15652:on 4 June 2013
15632:
15607:
15582:
15557:
15532:
15506:
15480:
15455:
15430:
15404:
15378:
15371:
15351:
15325:
15294:
15275:Pulse Africa.
15267:
15250:"Johannesburg"
15241:
15211:
15192:
15172:
15165:
15144:
15118:
15092:
15059:
15027:
15008:
14988:
14969:
14949:
14930:
14906:
14887:
14863:
14844:
14824:
14805:
14785:
14766:
14747:
14723:
14704:
14682:
14660:
14634:
14615:
14596:
14577:
14558:
14547:"South Africa"
14532:
14506:
14489:www.knbs.or.ke
14476:
14451:
14427:
14397:
14374:
14346:
14322:
14311:on 25 May 2023
14292:
14274:
14242:
14232:on 24 May 2023
14213:
14177:
14167:on 24 May 2023
14148:
14108:
14098:on 24 May 2023
14079:
14075:. p. 333.
14061:
14040:
14004:
13994:on 24 May 2023
13975:
13965:on 24 May 2023
13946:
13936:on 24 May 2023
13914:
13904:on 24 May 2023
13885:
13875:on 24 May 2023
13851:
13834:
13810:
13800:, pp. 867–68,
13789:
13772:
13731:
13704:
13683:
13672:on 28 May 2014
13657:
13631:
13601:
13575:
13545:
13525:
13505:
13475:
13449:
13420:
13394:
13369:
13357:
13338:
13314:
13295:
13275:
13248:
13219:
13203:
13177:
13167:
13158:
13149:
13142:
13120:
13111:
13092:
13069:10.1086/505436
13063:(2): 230–237.
13039:
13020:
13000:
12991:
12982:
12973:
12964:
12955:
12946:
12927:
12921:. p. 57.
12903:
12881:
12872:, p. 254.
12862:
12852:
12848:. p. 316.
12834:
12799:
12782:
12756:
12749:
12729:
12708:
12699:
12678:
12661:
12640:
12620:
12599:
12580:(2): 219–238.
12562:
12539:
12482:
12437:(8): 582–594.
12413:
12354:
12305:
12288:
12268:
12247:
12226:"black Africa"
12217:
12204:
12188:
12175:
12166:
12157:
12142:
12123:
12105:
12078:
12035:
12033:
12032:
12006:
11930:
11900:
11883:UNDP in Africa
11879:"About Africa"
11870:
11868:
11867:
11857:
11851:. p. 61.
11838:
11832:
11815:
11809:
11803:. p. 59.
11792:
11786:
11780:. p. 39.
11769:
11763:
11757:. p. 80.
11744:
11723:
11703:
11684:
11658:
11633:
11610:
11583:
11582:
11580:
11577:
11576:
11575:
11570:
11565:
11560:
11554:
11553:
11539:
11523:
11520:
11519:
11518:
11488:
11458:
11428:
11398:
11368:
11334:
11304:
11273:
11272:
11264:
11263:
11233:
11230:Nigerian naira
11202:
11164:
11134:
11104:
11074:
11071:Gambian dalasi
11044:
11009:
11008:
10990:
10980:
10973:
10970:
10969:
10968:
10959:Sudanese pound
10923:
10920:
10919:
10918:
10882:
10873:Zambian kwacha
10846:
10800:
10761:
10725:
10689:
10653:
10617:
10578:
10539:
10500:
10488:Comorian franc
10461:
10422:
10413:Angolan kwanza
10384:
10383:
10368:
10362:
10352:
10345:
10342:
10341:
10340:
10330:(USh /=)
10301:
10261:
10221:
10211:(KSh /=)
10182:
10136:
10135:
10130:
10127:
10126:
10125:
10124:
10123:
10080:
10064:Sudanese pound
10032:
10031:
10030:
9987:
9960:Ethiopian birr
9933:
9909:Eritrean nakfa
9882:
9837:Horn of Africa
9832:
9829:
9828:
9827:
9784:
9760:Eritrean nakfa
9733:
9688:
9678:(TSh /=)
9648:
9608:
9598:(USh /=)
9569:
9559:(KSh /=)
9530:
9487:
9444:
9428:Sudanese pound
9393:
9383:
9374:
9364:
9357:
9354:
9353:
9352:
9316:
9280:
9244:
9243:French, Arabic
9208:
9169:
9132:
9131:
9123:
9122:
9086:
9059:(also in EAC)
9046:
9009:
8980:(also in EAC)
8967:
8958:Angolan kwanza
8929:
8928:
8920:
8919:
8871:
8861:
8855:
8848:
8847:Central Africa
8845:
8823:), far north (
8793:Western Sahara
8768:
8765:
8751:
8748:
8689:Gerrie Coetzee
8609:Jay-Jay Okocha
8593:Michael Essien
8552:
8549:
8541:
8538:
8526:
8523:
8515:
8512:
8394:clothing style
8387:cloth patterns
8364:
8361:
8143:Horn of Africa
7989:, foutou, and
7931:
7928:
7754:
7751:
7735:
7732:
7648:
7645:
7609:
7606:
7597:
7596:
7595:(South Africa)
7593:Zulu mythology
7590:
7584:
7581:Lozi mythology
7578:
7572:
7571:
7567:
7566:
7560:
7553:
7552:
7548:
7547:
7541:
7535:
7529:
7523:
7516:
7515:
7514:Central Africa
7511:
7510:
7504:
7497:Serer religion
7494:
7491:Igbo mythology
7488:
7485:Efik mythology
7482:
7477:
7471:
7469:Akan mythology
7465:
7464:
7218:
7208:
7198:
7188:
7184:
7183:
7182:
7158:
7155:
7097:Onchocerciasis
7014:onchocerciasis
6971:
6968:
6948:
6945:
6873:
6870:
6789:Main article:
6786:
6783:
6776:Road in Rwanda
6763:
6760:
6685:
6684:Infrastructure
6682:
6538:
6535:
6402:
6399:
6358:
6355:
6270:
6269:
6254:
6253:
6250:
6247:
6244:
6241:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6228:
6225:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6212:
6209:
6205:
6204:
6201:
6198:
6195:
6192:
6188:
6187:
6184:
6181:
6178:
6175:
6171:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6162:
6161:Af: Sth Africa
6159:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6146:
6143:
6139:
6138:
6135:
6132:
6129:
6125:
6124:
6121:
6118:
6115:
6112:
6108:
6107:
6104:
6101:
6098:
6095:
6091:
6090:
6087:
6084:
6081:
6078:
6074:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6065:
6062:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6049:
6046:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6033:
6030:
6026:
6025:
6022:
6019:
6016:
6013:
6009:
6008:
6005:
6002:
5999:
5996:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5983:
5980:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5967:
5964:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5951:
5948:
5944:
5943:
5940:
5937:
5934:
5931:
5916:Main article:
5913:
5910:
5848:Main article:
5844:
5843:
5824:
5822:
5815:
5809:
5806:
5802:
5801:
5798:
5793:
5790:
5787:
5782:
5778:
5777:
5774:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5758:
5754:
5753:
5750:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5734:
5730:
5729:
5726:
5721:
5718:
5715:
5710:
5706:
5705:
5702:
5697:
5694:
5691:
5686:
5682:
5681:
5678:
5673:
5670:
5667:
5662:
5658:
5657:
5654:
5649:
5646:
5643:
5638:
5634:
5633:
5630:
5625:
5622:
5619:
5614:
5610:
5609:
5606:
5601:
5598:
5595:
5590:
5586:
5585:
5582:
5577:
5574:
5571:
5566:
5562:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5544:
5543:
5539:
5534:
5531:
5528:
5523:
5350:
5347:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5327:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5316:
5310:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5291:
5290:
5274:
5273:
5272:
5271:
5270:
5264:
5253:
5252:
5251:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5226:
5225:
5224:
5218:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5188:
5187:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5177:
5176:
5165:
5164:
5163:
5147:
5146:
5145:
5139:
5133:
5130:Northern Sotho
5127:
5121:
5115:
5109:
5103:
5097:
5081:
5080:
5075:
5074:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5044:
5038:
5032:
5021:
5020:
5019:
5014:
5008:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4972:
4966:
4960:
4943:
4942:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4919:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4880:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4870:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4851:
4834:
4833:
4832:Horn of Africa
4828:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4823:
4822:
4807:
4806:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4789:
4778:
4777:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4760:
4754:
4739:
4738:
4737:Central Africa
4671:
4668:
4622:Central Africa
4573:
4570:
4546:Khoi languages
4529:
4526:
4450:
4447:
4332:
4329:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4141:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4105:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4033:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3839:
3838:
3835:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3811:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3755:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3587:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3167:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2291:
2290:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2260:Area (km)
2257:
2252:
2189:
2186:
2181:Main article:
2178:
2175:
2171:Anglo-Zulu War
2104:Great Zimbabwe
2040:Great Zimbabwe
2023:Main article:
2020:
2017:
1975:contains many
1959:(particularly
1953:Swahili people
1877:
1874:
1727:Axumite Empire
1682:Main article:
1679:
1678:Horn of Africa
1676:
1632:
1629:
1624:Main article:
1621:
1618:
1556:Following the
1491:Main article:
1488:
1487:Central Africa
1485:
1481:decolonization
1473:British Empire
1438:Walls of Benin
1422:Sungbo's Eredo
1401:Kingdom of Nri
1393:Ashanti Empire
1358:Songhai Empire
1302:Kingdom of Nri
1294:Songhay Empire
1278:Main article:
1275:
1272:
1268:Persian Empire
1116:Central Africa
1028:
1025:
987:
984:
983:
982:
975:
956:
929:
922:
915:
910:) west of the
897:
878:Horn of Africa
874:
847:
745:
742:
728:families; and
677:("Land of the
647:Horn of Africa
606:bilâd as-sûdân
578:
575:
443:United Nations
423:Central Africa
380:Kalahari Basin
364:Horn of Africa
325:Eastern Africa
309:Lighter green:
304:United Nations
291:
290:
287:
286:
272:
271:
268:
267:
262:
255:
254:
249:
245:
244:
241:
237:
236:
233:
226:
225:
222:
215:
214:
211:
204:
203:
200:
193:
192:
188:
187:
182:
176:
175:
172:
168:
167:
78:
74:
73:
65:
59:
53:
52:
50:
42:
41:
38:
31:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
21247:
21236:
21233:
21231:
21228:
21226:
21223:
21221:
21218:
21217:
21215:
21196:
21190:
21187:
21185:
21182:
21181:
21179:
21171:
21165:
21162:
21160:
21157:
21155:
21152:
21150:
21147:
21145:
21142:
21140:
21137:
21135:
21132:
21130:
21127:
21125:
21122:
21120:
21117:
21115:
21112:
21110:
21107:
21105:
21102:
21100:
21097:
21095:
21092:
21090:
21087:
21085:
21082:
21080:
21077:
21075:
21072:
21070:
21067:
21065:
21062:
21060:
21057:
21055:
21052:
21050:
21047:
21045:
21042:
21040:
21037:
21035:
21032:
21030:
21027:
21025:
21022:
21020:
21017:
21015:
21014:Guinea-Bissau
21012:
21010:
21007:
21005:
21002:
21000:
20997:
20995:
20992:
20990:
20987:
20985:
20982:
20980:
20977:
20975:
20972:
20970:
20967:
20965:
20962:
20960:
20957:
20955:
20952:
20950:
20947:
20945:
20942:
20940:
20937:
20935:
20932:
20930:
20927:
20925:
20922:
20920:
20917:
20915:
20912:
20910:
20907:
20905:
20902:
20900:
20897:
20896:
20894:
20890:
20886:
20879:
20874:
20872:
20867:
20865:
20860:
20859:
20856:
20843:
20840:
20834:
20830:
20826:
20823:
20817:
20813:
20810:
20804:
20801:
20795:
20791:
20787:
20784:
20783:
20780:
20772:
20766:
20763:
20761:
20758:
20757:
20755:
20747:
20741:
20738:
20736:
20733:
20731:
20728:
20726:
20723:
20721:
20718:
20716:
20713:
20711:
20708:
20706:
20703:
20701:
20698:
20696:
20693:
20691:
20688:
20686:
20683:
20681:
20678:
20676:
20673:
20671:
20668:
20666:
20663:
20661:
20658:
20656:
20653:
20651:
20648:
20646:
20643:
20641:
20638:
20636:
20633:
20631:
20628:
20626:
20623:
20621:
20618:
20616:
20613:
20611:
20608:
20606:
20603:
20601:
20598:
20596:
20593:
20591:
20590:Guinea-Bissau
20588:
20586:
20583:
20581:
20578:
20576:
20573:
20571:
20568:
20566:
20563:
20561:
20558:
20556:
20553:
20551:
20548:
20546:
20543:
20541:
20538:
20536:
20533:
20531:
20528:
20526:
20523:
20521:
20518:
20516:
20513:
20511:
20508:
20506:
20503:
20501:
20498:
20496:
20493:
20491:
20488:
20486:
20483:
20481:
20478:
20476:
20473:
20472:
20470:
20466:
20462:
20455:
20450:
20448:
20443:
20441:
20436:
20435:
20432:
20419:
20416:
20410:
20406:
20402:
20399:
20393:
20389:
20386:
20380:
20377:
20371:
20367:
20363:
20360:
20359:
20356:
20348:
20342:
20339:
20337:
20334:
20333:
20331:
20323:
20317:
20314:
20312:
20309:
20307:
20304:
20302:
20299:
20297:
20294:
20292:
20289:
20287:
20284:
20282:
20279:
20277:
20274:
20272:
20269:
20267:
20264:
20262:
20259:
20257:
20254:
20252:
20249:
20247:
20244:
20242:
20239:
20237:
20234:
20232:
20229:
20227:
20224:
20222:
20219:
20217:
20214:
20212:
20209:
20207:
20204:
20202:
20199:
20197:
20194:
20192:
20189:
20187:
20184:
20182:
20179:
20177:
20174:
20172:
20169:
20167:
20166:Guinea-Bissau
20164:
20162:
20159:
20157:
20154:
20152:
20149:
20147:
20144:
20142:
20139:
20137:
20134:
20132:
20129:
20127:
20124:
20122:
20119:
20117:
20114:
20112:
20109:
20107:
20104:
20102:
20099:
20097:
20094:
20092:
20089:
20087:
20084:
20082:
20079:
20077:
20074:
20072:
20069:
20067:
20064:
20062:
20059:
20057:
20054:
20052:
20049:
20048:
20046:
20042:
20038:
20031:
20026:
20024:
20019:
20017:
20012:
20011:
20008:
20002:
19995:
19983:
19980:
19978:
19975:
19971:
19968:
19967:
19966:
19963:
19961:
19958:
19956:
19953:
19951:
19948:
19946:
19943:
19941:
19938:
19936:
19933:
19931:
19928:
19926:
19923:
19921:
19918:
19916:
19913:
19911:
19908:
19906:
19903:
19901:
19898:
19896:
19893:
19891:
19888:
19886:
19883:
19881:
19878:
19876:
19873:
19871:
19868:
19866:
19863:
19861:
19858:
19856:
19853:
19851:
19848:
19847:
19845:
19843:Macro-regions
19841:
19835:
19832:
19828:
19825:
19823:
19820:
19818:
19815:
19814:
19813:
19810:
19806:
19803:
19801:
19798:
19796:
19793:
19791:
19788:
19786:
19783:
19781:
19778:
19776:
19773:
19772:
19771:
19770:Guinea region
19768:
19766:
19765:Cape Mesurado
19763:
19761:
19758:
19756:
19753:
19751:
19748:
19746:
19743:
19741:
19738:
19737:
19735:
19733:
19729:
19721:
19718:
19717:
19716:
19713:
19711:
19708:
19706:
19703:
19701:
19698:
19696:
19693:
19691:
19688:
19686:
19683:
19681:
19678:
19676:
19673:
19671:
19668:
19666:
19663:
19661:
19658:
19656:
19653:
19651:
19648:
19644:
19641:
19639:
19636:
19635:
19634:
19631:
19630:
19628:
19626:
19622:
19616:
19613:
19611:
19608:
19604:
19601:
19599:
19596:
19594:
19591:
19589:
19586:
19584:
19581:
19579:
19576:
19574:
19571:
19569:
19566:
19564:
19561:
19559:
19556:
19554:
19551:
19549:
19546:
19545:
19544:
19541:
19537:
19534:
19532:
19531:Gibraltar Arc
19529:
19527:
19526:Barbary Coast
19524:
19522:
19519:
19517:
19516:Ancient Libya
19514:
19513:
19512:
19509:
19507:
19504:
19503:
19501:
19499:
19495:
19489:
19488:Swahili coast
19486:
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17200:. 21 May 2024
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15230:on 4 May 2012
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14649:on 2 May 2012
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14363:"South Sudan"
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12015:Science Daily
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11730:. Infosamak.
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11707:"Arab States"
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11536:Africa portal
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10832:
10828:
10824:
10820:
10817:
10816:
10812:
10801:
10798:
10795:
10794:
10789:
10786:
10785:
10781:
10778:
10777:
10773:
10762:
10759:
10758:
10753:
10750:
10749:
10745:
10742:
10741:
10737:
10726:
10723:
10722:
10717:
10714:
10713:
10709:
10706:
10705:
10701:
10690:
10687:
10686:
10681:
10678:
10677:
10673:
10670:
10669:
10665:
10654:
10651:
10650:
10645:
10642:
10641:
10637:
10634:
10633:
10629:
10618:
10615:
10612:
10611:
10606:
10603:
10602:
10598:
10595:
10594:
10590:
10579:
10576:
10573:
10572:
10567:
10564:
10563:
10559:
10556:
10555:
10551:
10540:
10537:
10534:
10533:
10528:
10525:
10524:
10520:
10517:
10516:
10512:
10501:
10498:
10495:
10494:
10489:
10486:
10485:
10481:
10478:
10477:
10473:
10462:
10459:
10456:
10455:
10450:
10449:Botswana pula
10447:
10446:
10442:
10439:
10438:
10434:
10423:
10420:
10419:
10414:
10411:
10410:
10406:
10403:
10402:
10397:
10386:
10385:
10381:
10380:
10375:
10359:
10350:
10338:
10335:
10334:
10329:
10326:
10325:
10321:
10318:
10317:
10313:
10302:
10299:
10296:
10295:
10290:
10287:
10286:
10282:
10279:
10278:
10273:
10262:
10259:
10256:
10255:
10250:
10249:Rwandan franc
10247:
10246:
10242:
10239:
10238:
10233:
10222:
10219:
10216:
10215:
10210:
10207:
10206:
10202:
10199:
10198:
10194:
10183:
10180:
10177:
10176:
10171:
10168:
10167:
10162:
10158:
10155:
10154:
10149:
10138:
10137:
10133:
10132:
10121:
10117:
10114:
10113:
10108:
10105:
10104:
10100:
10097:
10096:
10092:
10081:
10079:
10075:
10071:
10070:
10065:
10062:
10061:
10057:
10054:
10053:
10049:
10038:
10037:
10036:
10033:
10028:
10024:
10021:
10020:
10015:
10012:
10011:
10007:
10004:
10003:
9999:
9988:
9986:
9982:
9978:
9974:
9970:
9967:
9966:
9961:
9958:
9957:
9953:
9950:
9949:
9945:
9934:
9931:
9927:
9923:
9919:
9916:
9915:
9910:
9907:
9906:
9902:
9899:
9898:
9894:
9883:
9880:
9876:
9873:
9872:
9867:
9864:
9863:
9859:
9856:
9855:
9851:
9840:
9839:
9838:
9835:
9834:
9825:
9821:
9818:
9817:
9812:
9809:
9808:
9804:
9801:
9800:
9796:
9785:
9782:
9778:
9774:
9770:
9767:
9766:
9761:
9758:
9757:
9753:
9750:
9749:
9745:
9734:
9731:
9728:
9727:
9722:
9719:
9718:
9713:
9709:
9706:
9705:
9700:
9689:
9686:
9683:
9682:
9677:
9674:
9673:
9669:
9666:
9665:
9660:
9649:
9646:
9643:
9642:
9637:
9636:Rwandan franc
9634:
9633:
9629:
9626:
9625:
9620:
9609:
9606:
9603:
9602:
9597:
9594:
9593:
9589:
9586:
9585:
9581:
9570:
9567:
9564:
9563:
9558:
9555:
9554:
9550:
9547:
9546:
9542:
9531:
9528:
9524:
9521:
9520:
9515:
9512:
9511:
9507:
9504:
9503:
9499:
9488:
9485:
9481:
9478:
9477:
9472:
9469:
9468:
9464:
9461:
9460:
9456:
9445:
9443:
9439:
9435:
9434:
9429:
9426:
9425:
9421:
9418:
9417:
9413:
9402:
9401:
9390:
9381:
9371:
9362:
9350:
9349:
9344:
9341:
9340:
9336:
9333:
9332:
9328:
9317:
9314:
9313:
9308:
9305:
9304:
9300:
9297:
9296:
9292:
9281:
9278:
9277:
9272:
9269:
9268:
9264:
9261:
9260:
9256:
9245:
9242:
9241:
9236:
9233:
9232:
9228:
9225:
9224:
9220:
9209:
9206:
9203:
9202:
9197:
9194:
9193:
9189:
9186:
9185:
9181:
9170:
9167:
9166:
9161:
9158:
9157:
9153:
9150:
9149:
9145:
9134:
9133:
9129:
9125:
9124:
9120:
9119:
9114:
9111:
9110:
9106:
9103:
9102:
9098:
9087:
9084:
9081:
9080:
9075:
9074:Rwandan franc
9072:
9071:
9067:
9064:
9063:
9058:
9047:
9044:
9043:
9038:
9035:
9034:
9030:
9027:
9026:
9021:
9010:
9007:
9006:
9001:
8998:
8997:
8992:
8988:
8985:
8984:
8979:
8968:
8965:
8964:
8959:
8956:
8955:
8951:
8948:
8947:
8942:
8931:
8930:
8926:
8922:
8921:
8917:
8916:
8911:
8908:
8907:
8903:
8900:
8899:
8895:
8884:
8883:
8878:
8868:
8853:
8844:
8842:
8838:
8834:
8830:
8827:) and south (
8826:
8822:
8818:
8814:
8810:
8806:
8802:
8798:
8794:
8790:
8786:
8782:
8778:
8774:
8764:
8762:
8757:
8747:
8745:
8741:
8737:
8733:
8729:
8724:
8720:
8715:
8713:
8709:
8704:
8702:
8698:
8697:Azumah Nelson
8694:
8690:
8686:
8682:
8678:
8677:Battling Siki
8673:
8671:
8667:
8663:
8659:
8655:
8651:
8645:
8640:
8636:
8634:
8630:
8626:
8622:
8618:
8614:
8610:
8606:
8602:
8598:
8597:Didier Drogba
8594:
8590:
8586:
8582:
8578:
8574:
8570:
8566:
8562:
8558:
8547:
8536:
8532:
8525:Film industry
8521:
8511:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8498:
8494:
8490:
8487:
8483:
8479:
8475:
8471:
8464:
8460:
8456:
8454:
8450:
8446:
8442:
8438:
8434:
8430:
8426:
8422:
8418:
8414:
8410:
8406:
8402:
8397:
8395:
8386:
8383:
8379:
8374:
8370:
8360:
8358:
8354:
8351:, tomatoes),
8350:
8346:
8342:
8338:
8334:
8330:
8326:
8322:
8318:
8314:
8310:
8306:
8302:
8298:
8297:milk products
8294:
8290:
8286:
8282:
8277:
8275:
8271:
8267:
8263:
8259:
8255:
8251:
8247:
8243:
8239:
8231:
8227:
8223:
8222:
8217:
8216:
8210:
8206:
8204:
8200:
8196:
8192:
8188:
8184:
8183:chili peppers
8180:
8176:
8172:
8168:
8164:
8160:
8156:
8152:
8148:
8144:
8139:
8137:
8133:
8129:
8125:
8121:
8117:
8113:
8109:
8105:
8101:
8097:
8093:
8089:
8085:
8078:
8074:
8070:
8066:
8064:
8060:
8056:
8052:
8048:
8044:
8040:
8036:
8032:
8028:
8024:
8020:
8016:
8012:
8008:
8004:
8000:
7996:
7992:
7988:
7984:
7980:
7976:
7971:
7969:
7963:
7959:
7954:
7949:
7945:
7941:
7937:
7927:
7925:
7921:
7917:
7913:
7909:
7905:
7901:
7897:
7893:
7889:
7885:
7881:
7877:
7873:
7869:
7864:
7862:
7858:
7854:
7850:
7846:
7845:Afro-Asiatics
7842:
7837:
7835:
7831:
7827:
7823:
7822:rock and roll
7819:
7815:
7811:
7806:
7802:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7780:
7776:
7772:
7768:
7764:
7763:African dance
7760:
7749:
7745:
7741:
7731:
7729:
7725:
7724:Henri Matisse
7721:
7720:Pablo Picasso
7717:
7712:
7710:
7705:
7701:
7696:
7694:
7690:
7686:
7675:
7672:
7667:
7662:
7658:
7654:
7644:
7639:
7635:
7631:
7627:
7623:
7619:
7615:
7605:
7603:
7594:
7591:
7588:
7585:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7573:
7569:
7568:
7564:
7561:
7558:
7555:
7554:
7550:
7549:
7545:
7542:
7539:
7536:
7533:
7530:
7528:(South Sudan)
7527:
7524:
7522:(South Sudan)
7521:
7518:
7517:
7513:
7512:
7508:
7505:
7502:
7498:
7495:
7492:
7489:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7466:
7462:
7461:
7457:
7453:
7449:
7447:
7443:
7439:
7435:
7430:
7426:
7420:
7418:
7414:
7409:
7407:
7403:
7399:
7395:
7392:-speakers is
7391:
7387:
7383:
7379:
7375:
7371:
7367:
7363:
7359:
7358:Guinea Bissau
7355:
7351:
7347:
7345:
7341:
7337:
7333:
7332:Latin America
7329:
7325:
7321:
7317:
7313:
7311:
7307:
7303:
7299:
7295:
7291:
7287:
7283:
7279:
7275:
7271:
7267:
7263:
7259:
7255:
7251:
7247:
7243:
7235:
7230:
7215:
7205:
7195:
7187:
7180:
7176:
7172:
7168:
7164:
7154:
7152:
7148:
7144:
7142:
7138:
7134:
7129:
7127:
7123:
7119:
7115:
7111:
7110:African Union
7106:
7102:
7098:
7094:
7090:
7086:
7084:
7080:
7078:
7074:
7070:
7065:
7057:
7052:
7048:
7046:
7042:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7027:In 1987, the
7025:
7023:
7019:
7015:
7011:
7007:
7003:
6999:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6977:
6966:
6962:
6958:
6954:
6944:
6940:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6924:
6919:
6915:
6911:
6907:
6903:
6899:
6895:
6888:, Madagascar
6887:
6883:
6878:
6869:
6865:
6861:
6858:
6854:
6853:human capital
6849:
6847:
6843:
6839:
6835:
6830:
6828:
6827:Naledi Pandor
6824:
6820:
6812:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6792:
6782:
6774:
6769:
6759:
6757:
6753:
6749:
6745:
6741:
6735:
6733:
6729:
6723:
6721:
6717:
6713:
6709:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6681:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6658:
6649:
6645:
6640:
6636:
6634:
6630:
6625:
6623:
6619:
6615:
6611:
6607:
6603:
6599:
6595:
6591:
6587:
6583:
6579:
6575:
6571:
6567:
6563:
6558:
6552:
6548:
6543:
6534:
6532:
6528:
6524:
6520:
6516:
6512:
6507:
6495:
6489:
6487:
6483:
6479:
6475:
6471:
6467:
6463:
6459:
6455:
6451:
6447:
6443:
6439:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6419:
6418:Plateau State
6415:
6411:
6407:
6398:
6394:
6392:
6388:
6384:
6380:
6376:
6372:
6368:
6364:
6354:
6352:
6348:
6343:
6339:
6334:
6332:
6328:
6323:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6307:
6300:
6296:
6291:
6287:
6284:
6276:
6267:
6263:
6260:
6255:
6251:
6248:
6245:
6242:
6239:
6238:
6235:
6232:
6229:
6226:
6223:
6222:
6219:
6216:
6213:
6210:
6207:
6206:
6202:
6199:
6196:
6193:
6190:
6189:
6185:
6182:
6179:
6176:
6173:
6172:
6169:
6166:
6163:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6153:
6150:
6147:
6144:
6141:
6140:
6136:
6133:
6130:
6127:
6126:
6122:
6119:
6116:
6114:Af: Eq.Guinea
6113:
6110:
6109:
6105:
6102:
6099:
6096:
6093:
6092:
6088:
6085:
6082:
6079:
6076:
6075:
6072:
6069:
6066:
6063:
6060:
6059:
6056:
6053:
6050:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6040:
6037:
6034:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6023:
6020:
6017:
6014:
6011:
6010:
6006:
6003:
6000:
5997:
5994:
5993:
5990:
5987:
5984:
5982:Ar: Saudi Arb
5981:
5978:
5977:
5974:
5971:
5968:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5958:
5955:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5941:
5938:
5935:
5932:
5929:
5928:
5919:
5909:
5907:
5901:
5899:
5895:
5891:
5887:
5883:
5877:
5875:
5867:
5863:
5859:
5857:
5851:
5840:
5828:
5823:
5814:
5813:
5799:
5797:
5796:Port Harcourt
5794:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5665:Dar es Salaam
5663:
5660:
5659:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5612:
5611:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5588:
5587:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5545:
5526:
5522:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5495:
5493:
5492:Nairobi River
5489:
5488:Enkare Nyrobi
5485:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5471:
5470:Witwatersrand
5467:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5441:
5440:Swahili coast
5437:
5433:
5432:Dar es Salaam
5429:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5384:
5380:
5374:
5365:
5359:
5355:
5345:
5341:
5320:
5317:
5314:
5311:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5298:
5295:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5275:
5268:
5265:
5262:
5259:
5258:
5257:
5254:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5241:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5208:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5198:
5195:
5194:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5169:
5166:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5151:
5150:Indo-European
5148:
5143:
5140:
5137:
5134:
5131:
5128:
5125:
5122:
5119:
5116:
5113:
5110:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5090:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5048:
5045:
5042:
5039:
5036:
5033:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5025:
5022:
5018:
5015:
5012:
5009:
5006:
5003:
5002:
5001:
4997:
4994:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4981:
4976:
4973:
4970:
4967:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4913:: <1
4912:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4885:: <1
4884:
4881:
4874:
4871:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4860:
4855:
4852:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4811:
4808:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4764:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4748:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4730:
4728:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4656:
4655:lingua franca
4651:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4632:and southern
4631:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4525:
4523:
4522:lingua franca
4519:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4446:
4440:
4439:Indo-European
4436:
4433:
4428:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4391:
4387:
4382:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4359:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4328:
4327:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4298:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4284:
4280:
4277:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4237:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4201:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4165:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4129:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4093:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4057:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4031:Guinea-Bissau
4021:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3985:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3949:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3877:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3611:
3608:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2211:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2184:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2167:KwaZulu-Natal
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2056:Limpopo River
2053:
2049:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1969:Swahili Coast
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1915:Tongoni Ruins
1911:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1759:Zagwe dynasty
1756:
1752:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1662:and southern
1661:
1657:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1627:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1598:Eastern Lunda
1595:
1591:
1587:
1586:M'banza-Kongo
1583:
1578:
1576:
1575:imperial cult
1571:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1330:Djenné-Djenno
1326:
1323:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1238:and southern
1237:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1221:out of Africa
1218:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1149:Homo ergaster
1146:
1145:
1144:Homo ergaster
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1072:According to
1068:
1067:Olduvai Gorge
1063:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
980:
976:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
927:
923:
920:
916:
913:
909:
905:
901:
898:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
820:
816:
815:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
795:climate zones
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
767:Climate zones
764:
759:
755:
751:
741:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
671:
666:
662:
658:
657:
652:
648:
645:coast in the
644:
639:
637:
633:
632:
627:
623:
622:Western Sudan
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
598:
596:
588:
583:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
559:
554:
550:
547:explains how
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
519:Since around
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
462:
460:
459:African Union
457:, etc.). The
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
397:
393:
389:
385:
384:Mediterranean
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
356:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
305:
301:
297:
283:
277:
273:
269:
266:
263:
261:
256:
253:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
232:
229: •
227:
223:
221:
218: •
216:
212:
210:
207: •
205:
201:
199:
196: •
194:
189:
186:
183:
181:
177:
174:1,137,938,708
173:
169:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
101:Dar es Salaam
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
79:
75:
48:
43:
36:
30:
19:
21124:South Africa
21114:Sierra Leone
20919:Burkina Faso
20825:Saint Helena
20796:
20700:South Africa
20690:Sierra Leone
20495:Burkina Faso
20401:Saint Helena
20372:
20276:South Africa
20266:Sierra Leone
20071:Burkina Faso
19959:
19925:Mittelafrika
19875:Françafrique
19740:Pepper Coast
19578:Middle Egypt
19432:Gulf of Aden
19407:Danakil Alps
19345:Gregory Rift
19143:
19135:free content
19127:
19105:
19087:29 September
19085:. Retrieved
19071:
19063:the original
19058:
19049:
19039:29 September
19037:. Retrieved
19033:the original
19023:
19015:the original
19005:
18993:. Retrieved
18979:
18961:
18949:. Retrieved
18941:The Guardian
18940:
18930:
18920:29 September
18918:. Retrieved
18904:
18894:29 September
18892:. Retrieved
18879:
18863:
18857:
18839:. Retrieved
18821:
18809:. Retrieved
18798:
18789:
18777:. Retrieved
18763:
18751:. Retrieved
18737:
18725:. Retrieved
18721:the original
18700:the original
18686:
18674:. Retrieved
18660:
18648:. Retrieved
18628:
18621:
18601:
18584:
18568:
18558:29 September
18556:. Retrieved
18542:
18530:. Retrieved
18526:the original
18516:
18504:. Retrieved
18495:
18486:
18474:. Retrieved
18460:
18448:. Retrieved
18428:
18421:
18405:
18389:
18384:
18373:, retrieved
18346:
18336:
18316:
18307:
18303:
18293:
18269:
18262:
18250:. Retrieved
18230:
18223:
18201:(3): 19–24.
18198:
18194:
18188:
18175:
18171:
18161:
18149:. Retrieved
18129:
18110:
18101:
18092:
18083:
18069:
18061:the original
18051:
18034:
18022:. Retrieved
18015:the original
18002:
17993:
17927:
17892:
17888:
17878:
17869:
17860:
17848:. Retrieved
17832:
17825:
17813:. Retrieved
17808:
17796:
17784:. Retrieved
17780:
17768:
17760:the original
17745:
17733:. Retrieved
17721:
17711:
17701:29 September
17699:. Retrieved
17672:29 September
17670:. Retrieved
17628:
17624:
17618:
17608:29 September
17606:. Retrieved
17592:
17580:. Retrieved
17571:
17562:
17550:. Retrieved
17517:29 September
17515:. Retrieved
17508:the original
17495:
17485:29 September
17483:. Retrieved
17469:
17457:. Retrieved
17453:the original
17443:
17433:29 September
17431:. Retrieved
17411:
17399:. Retrieved
17395:the original
17385:
17360:
17356:
17350:
17324:Africa (a-z)
17323:
17317:
17305:. Retrieved
17301:the original
17291:
17254:
17250:
17239:
17227:. Retrieved
17223:
17214:
17202:. Retrieved
17197:
17188:
17151:
17147:
17137:
17125:. Retrieved
17121:
17112:
17100:. Retrieved
17091:
17081:
17069:. Retrieved
17059:
17047:. Retrieved
17043:the original
17019:
16993:
16970:the original
16960:
16948:. Retrieved
16933:
16900:
16896:
16883:
16864:
16858:
16846:. Retrieved
16842:the original
16837:CIA Factbook
16835:
16826:
16814:. Retrieved
16805:
16795:
16783:. Retrieved
16774:
16764:
16752:. Retrieved
16748:the original
16743:
16710:
16698:. Retrieved
16690:The Guardian
16689:
16679:
16667:. Retrieved
16663:the original
16642:
16636:
16609:. Retrieved
16605:the original
16600:
16594:
16567:. Retrieved
16553:
16541:
16529:. Retrieved
16514:
16497:
16483:
16471:. Retrieved
16457:
16440:
16420:
16380:
16368:. Retrieved
16354:
16342:. Retrieved
16338:the original
16334:"MBendi.com"
16328:
16318:29 September
16316:. Retrieved
16312:the original
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15824:29 September
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15678:
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15650:the original
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15095:
15085:23 September
15083:. Retrieved
15074:The Atlantic
15072:
15062:
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14795:
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14776:. Retrieved
14756:
14750:
14707:
14693:"The Gambia"
14651:. Retrieved
14647:the original
14637:
14623:"Mozambique"
14618:
14599:
14580:
14561:
14525:29 September
14523:. Retrieved
14509:
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14313:. Retrieved
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13734:
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13707:
13691:
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13676:29 September
13674:. Retrieved
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13660:
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13634:
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13618:the original
13613:
13604:
13594:29 September
13592:. Retrieved
13578:
13566:. Retrieved
13562:the original
13557:
13548:
13514:CIA Factbook
13508:
13496:. Retrieved
13487:
13478:
13466:. Retrieved
13452:
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13423:
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13397:
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13268:17 September
13266:. Retrieved
13262:the original
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13229:
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13194:. Retrieved
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13030:. Retrieved
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12913:
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12785:
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12126:
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12110:. Retrieved
12095:
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12038:
12024:. Retrieved
12013:
11998:. Retrieved
11952:
11948:
11933:
11921:. Retrieved
11917:the original
11913:ScienceDaily
11912:
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11891:. Retrieved
11882:
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11863:the original
11843:
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11749:
11736:. Retrieved
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11687:
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11671:the original
11661:
11649:. Retrieved
11645:
11636:
11623:. Retrieved
11613:
11603:11 September
11601:. Retrieved
11597:the original
11587:
11563:Black people
11510:
11509:
11502:
11501:
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11479:
11472:
11471:
11450:
11449:
11442:
11441:
11420:
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11360:
11359:
11353:Yamoussoukro
11348:
11347:
11326:
11325:
11318:
11317:
11315:Burkina Faso
11296:
11295:
11288:
11287:
11255:
11254:
11247:
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11244:Sierra Leone
11224:
11223:
11216:
11215:
11199:North Africa
11186:
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11117:
11096:
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11029:Yamoussoukro
11024:
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10986:UN subregion
10963:
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10954:
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10946:
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10913:
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10859:
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10830:
10829:
10819:Bloemfontein
10814:
10813:
10811:South Africa
10792:
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10783:
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10775:
10774:
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10747:
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10666:
10648:
10647:
10639:
10638:
10631:
10630:
10609:
10608:
10600:
10599:
10597:Antananarivo
10592:
10591:
10570:
10569:
10566:Lesotho loti
10561:
10560:
10553:
10552:
10531:
10530:
10522:
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10492:
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10408:
10407:
10400:
10399:
10358:UN subregion
10332:
10331:
10323:
10322:
10315:
10314:
10293:
10292:
10284:
10283:
10276:
10275:
10253:
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10236:
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10213:
10212:
10204:
10203:
10196:
10195:
10174:
10173:
10165:
10164:
10152:
10151:
10118:and Arabic (
10111:
10110:
10102:
10101:
10094:
10093:
10068:
10067:
10059:
10058:
10051:
10050:
10034:
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9561:
9560:
9552:
9551:
9544:
9543:
9518:
9517:
9509:
9508:
9501:
9500:
9482:and Arabic (
9475:
9474:
9466:
9465:
9458:
9457:
9432:
9431:
9423:
9422:
9415:
9414:
9370:UN subregion
9347:
9346:
9338:
9337:
9330:
9329:
9311:
9310:
9302:
9301:
9294:
9293:
9275:
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9266:
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8944:
8914:
8913:
8905:
8904:
8897:
8896:
8867:UN subregion
8797:UN subregion
8770:
8753:
8716:
8705:
8701:Jake Matlala
8693:Samuel Peter
8685:Hogan Bassey
8674:
8648:
8617:Samuel Eto'o
8605:Nwankwo Kanu
8554:
8508:
8505:
8492:
8467:
8398:
8390:
8353:French wines
8325:pickled fish
8278:
8235:
8219:
8213:
8197:, fermented
8187:coconut milk
8179:leafy greens
8140:
8081:
7972:
7966:
7924:South Africa
7865:
7841:Nilo-Saharan
7838:
7805:Nilo-Saharan
7797:
7734:Architecture
7713:
7709:William Fagg
7697:
7693:Blombos Cave
7685:abstract art
7682:
7641:
7598:
7448:(becoming).
7445:
7444:(being) and
7441:
7437:
7436:(being) and
7433:
7421:
7410:
7406:San religion
7390:Afro-Asiatic
7386:Nilo-Saharan
7348:
7314:
7286:Burkina Faso
7266:Sierra Leone
7246:North Africa
7239:
7194:Christianity
7185:
7145:
7130:
7122:Infibulation
7087:
7081:
7061:
7035:was held in
7026:
7010:tuberculosis
6995:
6941:
6928:
6891:
6886:Antananarivo
6866:
6862:
6851:Research on
6850:
6831:
6816:
6779:
6752:water supply
6736:
6724:
6705:
6677:George Soros
6669:
6666:
6653:
6648:Keetmanshoop
6626:
6606:African rice
6592:, and pearl
6566:castor beans
6559:
6555:
6525:deposits in
6508:
6490:
6423:
6395:
6371:South Africa
6360:
6335:
6324:
6315:photovoltaic
6312:
6308:
6304:
6285:
6281:
6194:Af: Cameroon
6131:Af: DR Congo
5902:
5878:
5870:
5866:Johannesburg
5853:
5834:
5826:
5676:Antananarivo
5617:Johannesburg
5496:
5487:
5474:
5452:. It is the
5450:South Africa
5446:Johannesburg
5444:
5430:
5376:
5349:Major cities
5297:Nilo-Saharan
5277:Afro-Asiatic
5204:(Nigeria): 7
5024:Nilo-Saharan
4983:Austronesian
4883:Nilo-Saharan
4838:Afro-Asiatic
4781:Nilo-Saharan
4724:
4673:
4670:Nilo-Saharan
4653:
4624:such as the
4575:
4531:
4491:
4452:
4444:
4405:Nilo-Saharan
4353:Black people
4325:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4282:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4211:Sierra Leone
3809:Burkina Faso
3557:South Africa
2231:South Africa
2220:
2216:
2177:Demographics
2163:Zulu Kingdom
2108:
2068:Xhosa people
2045:
2014:
1999:
1984:
1927:
1889:
1858:Omani empire
1824:
1781:
1757:. The later
1724:
1654:
1594:Kuba Kingdom
1579:
1570:Lunda Empire
1567:
1562:Luba Kingdom
1555:
1528:
1516:
1477:independence
1442:
1382:
1366:Bornu Empire
1362:Kanem Empire
1350:Ghana Empire
1334:Ghana Empire
1327:
1319:
1286:Ghana Empire
1244:
1229:
1225:Homo sapiens
1224:
1216:Homo sapiens
1214:
1212:
1207:
1204:H. georgicus
1203:
1196:
1192:H. georgicus
1190:
1184:
1176:
1168:
1162:
1161:, much like
1154:Homo erectus
1152:
1148:
1142:
1140:
1127:
1123:
1098:
1074:paleontology
1071:
924:Distinctive
902:encompasses
803:South Africa
792:
726:Nilo-Saharan
718:Black Africa
717:
699:
686:
682:
674:
668:
660:
654:
640:
629:
610:Sudan region
605:
599:
595:ethnographic
592:
586:
577:Nomenclature
558:Homo sapiens
556:
518:
466:North Africa
463:
410:
406:
402:
401:
335:
317:North Africa
308:
306:institutions
299:
276:
198:Christianity
113:Johannesburg
77:Major cities
29:
21176:recognition
21129:South Sudan
21019:Ivory Coast
20752:recognition
20705:South Sudan
20595:Ivory Coast
20328:recognition
20281:South Sudan
20171:Ivory Coast
19910:Middle East
19855:Afromontane
19817:Niger Delta
19812:Niger Basin
19805:Dahomey Gap
19760:Cape Palmas
19755:Ivory Coast
19750:Slave Coast
19603:Upper Egypt
19573:Lower Nubia
19568:Lower Egypt
19543:Nile Valley
19277:Congo Basin
19272:Pool Malebo
19079:. UPI.com.
18995:15 November
18811:26 December
18779:26 December
18753:26 December
18743:"About.com"
18727:17 November
18676:17 November
18650:30 November
18532:21 November
18476:28 February
17870:www.who.int
17809:DHS Program
17735:12 February
17693:. Who.int.
17664:. Who.int.
17600:. Who.int.
17401:28 December
17307:28 December
17224:www.who.int
17154:(8): e412.
17122:www.who.int
17071:12 February
16917:10419/96093
16669:12 February
16611:12 February
16531:15 November
16473:13 November
16370:20 December
16344:20 December
16102:"Manganese"
16085:12 February
16051:27 December
16005:12 February
15975:12 February
15916:14 November
15885:12 February
15854:12 February
15625:19 February
15417:www.wfp.org
15234:18 November
14470:12 February
14268:12 February
14054:12 February
13650:5 September
13558:www.cia.gov
13468:22 December
13032:15 February
12819:(1): 7–23.
12376:(1): 3406.
12026:28 February
11726:Infosamak.
11717:20 November
11677:15 December
11345:Ivory Coast
11323:Ouagadougou
11021:Ivory Coast
10972:West Africa
10258:Kinyarwanda
10120:Juba Arabic
10091:South Sudan
9952:Addis Ababa
9645:Kinyarwanda
9484:Juba Arabic
9455:South Sudan
9356:East Africa
9263:Brazzaville
9083:Kinyarwanda
8894:South Sudan
8809:Arab League
8740:Paul Tergat
8601:Roger Milla
8589:George Weah
8482:Akan people
8478:Kente cloth
8433:South Sudan
8244:, cassava,
8088:sukuma wiki
8039:millet beer
8023:shea butter
7962:peanut soup
7956:A plate of
7892:Ivory Coast
7801:Niger–Congo
7683:The oldest
7653:African art
7463:West Africa
7370:Niger–Congo
7354:South Sudan
6846:South Sudan
6823:brain drain
6813:, Botswana
6732:electricity
6698:Skyline of
6646:outside of
6629:guinea fowl
6622:raffia palm
6537:Agriculture
6414:Jos Plateau
6347:Solar power
6080:Af: Tunisia
6032:Af: Algeria
6015:Af: Nigeria
5737:Addis Ababa
5519:Addis Ababa
5394:conurbation
5256:Senegambian
5210:Volta–Niger
5197:Benue–Congo
5192:Niger–Congo
5186:West Africa
5085:Niger–Congo
4996:Niger-Congo
4947:Niger–Congo
4911:Niger–Congo
4810:Niger–Congo
4757:Kinyarwanda
4743:Niger–Congo
4578:Niger–Congo
4572:Niger–Congo
4463:Mesopotamia
4449:Afroasiatic
4420:Afroasiatic
4374:Niger-Congo
4283:Life (Exp.)
3887:Ivory Coast
3777:32.7%/15.9%
3735:47.9%/42.3%
3693:92.7%/86.2%
3609:80.9%/78.3%
3525:91.4%/92.3%
3483:86.8%/83.6%
3399:88.2%/80.5%
3315:76.5%/65.3%
3273:73.7%/90.3%
3189:80.4%/81.8%
3081:175/115,50
2975:South Sudan
2943:79.6%/60.8%
2901:76.8%/57.7%
2859:77.5%/62.2%
2817:92.2%/77.9%
2775:71.4%/59.8%
2733:84.4%/72.7%
2727:174,507,539
2691:77.7%/70.2%
2649:88.5%/79.7%
2607:93.4%/80.3%
2565:90.5%/79.0%
2523:40.8%/12.8%
2481:64.8%/33.5%
2397:80.9%/54.1%
2355:67.3%/52.2%
2313:82.9%/54.2%
2137:during the
2074:in today's
1870:Ahmed Yusuf
1842:Ahmed Gurey
1834:engineering
1620:East Africa
1354:Mali Empire
1338:Nok culture
1290:Mali Empire
1274:West Africa
1159:stone tools
1120:stone tools
926:Afromontane
783:subtropical
722:Niger-Congo
710:Afroasiatic
636:Great Lakes
618:West Africa
555:(including
482:Arab League
474:Middle East
435:West Africa
427:East Africa
344:Arab League
342:in Africa (
340:Arab states
323:instead of
231:No religion
93:Addis Ababa
21214:Categories
21189:Somaliland
21109:Seychelles
21074:Mozambique
21059:Mauritania
21044:Madagascar
20999:The Gambia
20934:Cape Verde
20807:(Portugal)
20765:Somaliland
20685:Seychelles
20650:Mozambique
20635:Mauritania
20620:Madagascar
20575:The Gambia
20510:Cape Verde
20383:(Portugal)
20341:Somaliland
20261:Seychelles
20226:Mozambique
20211:Mauritania
20196:Madagascar
20151:The Gambia
20086:Cape Verde
19860:Arab world
19834:Yorubaland
19745:Gold Coast
19670:Maputaland
19660:Nama Karoo
19650:Thembuland
19598:The Sudans
19583:Nile Delta
19548:Nile Delta
19464:Madagascar
19282:Chad Basin
19250:Cape Lopez
19177:(archived)
19110:World Bank
18966:Towson.edu
18943:. London.
18841:26 October
18668:. UNESCO.
18375:2 November
18252:20 October
18151:20 October
17582:30 October
17102:3 February
16816:2 December
16785:2 December
16754:16 October
16692:. London.
16555:World Bank
16292:19 October
16218:19 October
16188:19 October
16168:"Chromium"
16118:19 October
16041:"MG.co.za"
15965:Gallup.com
15906:scidev.net
15794:. London:
15656:14 October
15600:28 October
15575:28 October
15550:28 October
15525:28 October
15499:28 October
15473:28 October
15468:World Bank
15448:28 October
15423:28 October
15397:28 October
15137:26 October
15111:26 October
14712:"Cameroon"
14566:"Botswana"
14499:14 October
14305:Ethnologue
14301:"Malagasy"
14287:New Vision
14206:14 October
14193:somraf.org
14141:14 October
14033:14 October
13384:, p. 156,
12939:20 October
12000:29 October
11824:Clio Press
11709:. UNESCO.
11579:References
11293:Porto-Novo
11183:Nouakchott
11175:Mauritania
11055:The Gambia
10772:Seychelles
10724:Portuguese
10700:Mozambique
10672:Port Louis
10589:Madagascar
10421:Portuguese
10029:(official)
9881:(official)
9826:(official)
9529:(official)
9335:Libreville
9121:Portuguese
8966:Portuguese
8837:Mauritania
8805:Arab World
8681:Dick Tiger
8629:Sadio Mané
8625:Yaya Touré
8621:Kolo Touré
8581:Abedi Pele
8357:koeksister
8329:fish stews
8301:buttermilk
8203:marinating
7394:henotheism
7362:Mozambique
7322:to have a
7302:Mozambique
7262:the Gambia
7236:by country
6838:South Asia
6766:See also:
6756:sanitation
6744:irrigation
6700:Libreville
6688:See also:
6650:, Namibia
6586:watermelon
6420:, Nigeria
6367:Seychelles
6351:hydropower
6320:Xu Guanhua
6246:10,780,400
6243:Af: Africa
6137:2008 est.
6089:Australia
6048:Af: Angola
5953:85,540,000
5874:World Bank
5837:April 2021
5800:3,324,694
5776:3,326,001
5752:3,630,326
5728:3,651,919
5704:3,652,029
5680:3,669,900
5656:3,756,445
5632:3,926,645
5621:11,061,878
5608:4,219,209
5597:17,071,000
5584:4,336,670
5573:21,320,000
5454:provincial
5173:Portuguese
4664:Hottentots
4650:loan words
4584:, such as
4372:drummers (
4179:12,855,153
4143:17,129,076
4103:Mauritania
3999:10,057,975
3963:24,200,000
3891:20,617,068
3851:Cape Verde
3813:15,730,977
3771:12,666,987
3711:136/46,50
3687:11,392,629
3645:11,862,740
3627:144/52,50
3561:59,899,991
3515:Seychelles
3435:21,669,278
3431:Mozambique
3351:14,268,711
3333:134/45,83
3309:19,625,000
3305:Madagascar
3165:164/77,50
3123:140/49,00
3099:85,237,338
3039:110/31,00
2961:148/54,00
2937:31,894,000
2895:32,369,558
2853:44,928,923
2793:157/64,67
2769:10,473,282
2751:112/34,24
2685:39,002,772
2667:129/43,50
2625:158/65,50
2583:116/34,25
2541:132/44,50
2517:10,329,208
2457:109/30,50
2433:18,879,301
2415:146/53,50
2391:68,692,542
2373:103/29,00
2331:132/58,43
2307:18,498,000
2255:Population
2235:Seychelles
2188:Population
2100:Mozambique
2090:rivers of
2080:Monomotapa
2072:Fish River
1995:Menouthias
1980:loan-words
1852:, and the
1715:Stone city
1612:, and the
1385:Bono State
1342:terracotta
1266:after the
1208:H. erectus
1200:descendant
1197:H. habilis
1177:H. erectus
1169:H. erectus
1164:H. habilis
1128:H. habilis
1124:H. habilis
1086:chimpanzee
1027:Prehistory
949:Mozambique
824:Mauritania
571:Wet Sahara
498:Mauritania
478:Arab world
455:World Bank
171:Population
21064:Mauritius
20640:Mauritius
20216:Mauritius
19930:Negroland
19850:Aethiopia
19720:False Bay
19397:Al-Habash
19382:Serengeti
19360:Kavirondo
17850:29 August
17730:0362-4331
17342:946180025
16848:29 August
16659:144627886
16080:0362-4331
15737:0013-0613
15344:29 August
15318:5 January
14671:"Senegal"
14393:"Nigeria"
14222:"Somalia"
14157:"Eritrea"
14020:secid.org
13984:"Burundi"
13568:2 January
13241:10 August
12689:, p. 44.
12651:, p. 54,
12631:, p. 62,
12459:0169-5347
12073:186244151
11738:30 August
10823:Cape Town
10664:Mauritius
10577:, English
10538:, English
10460:, English
10339:, English
10300:, English
10220:, English
10161:Bujumbura
10006:Mogadishu
9712:Bujumbura
9687:, English
9607:, English
9568:, English
9506:Mogadishu
9391:(defunct)
9227:N'Djamena
8991:Bujumbura
8879:(defunct)
8761:Cape Town
8573:World Cup
8455:is worn.
8270:crocodile
8242:plantains
8226:Ethiopian
8035:palm wine
7834:rap music
7700:sculpture
7493:(Nigeria)
7425:Cosmology
7382:Candomblé
7316:Mauritius
7242:Christian
7101:blindness
6834:West Asia
6785:Education
6762:Transport
6644:Naute Dam
6614:kola nuts
6474:manganese
6462:manganese
6412:from the
6410:Phenakite
6299:Cape Town
6233:2008 est.
6211:E: France
6200:2008 est.
6183:2008 est.
6167:2007 est.
6151:2007 est.
6145:Af: Gabon
6120:2007 est.
6103:2007 est.
6097:Af: Sudan
6086:2007 est.
6070:2007 est.
6067:1,845,000
6064:Af: Egypt
6054:2008 est.
6051:1,910,000
6038:2007 est.
6035:2,173,000
6021:2011 est.
6018:2,352,000
6004:2008 est.
6001:4,725,000
5998:As: Libya
5988:2008 est.
5985:9,200,000
5972:2007 est.
5969:9,980,000
5966:E: Russia
5956:2007 est.
5900:in 2021.
5789:4,800,954
5785:Cape Town
5765:5,118,844
5741:5,227,794
5717:5,515,794
5693:6,160,327
5669:7,404,689
5645:8,952,496
5515:Mogadishu
5503:Cape Town
5175:: 14
5160:Afrikaans
4932:dialects)
4926:Bravanese
4765:: 5+
4759:: 12
4602:Kiswahili
4479:Babylonia
4251:7,154,237
4215:6,190,280
4146:1,267,000
4110:1,030,700
4107:3,359,185
4071:4,128,572
4035:1,647,000
3927:1,782,893
3774:1,240,000
3753:97/26,75
3729:8,791,832
3669:97/26,75
3603:1,123,913
3564:1,219,912
3543:72/16,00
3477:2,108,665
3459:82/19,00
3417:51/14,00
3393:1,284,264
3389:Mauritius
3375:62/15,50
3291:99/27,50
3267:2,130,819
3249:82/19,00
3207:62/15,50
3183:1,990,876
3141:9,832,017
3105:50%/28.8%
3102:1,127,127
3057:5,647,168
2979:8,260,490
2940:1,886,068
2919:86/21,50
2877:NA/15,50
2709:96/25,00
2643:1,514,993
2601:1,110,000
2559:3,700,000
2520:1,284,000
2499:80/17,75
2475:4,511,488
2439:77%/59.8%
2394:2,345,410
2349:8,988,091
2310:1,246,700
2282:EODBR/SAB
2147:Australia
2143:Cape Town
2109:In 1487,
1949:Afro-Arab
1917:south of
1831:hydraulic
1804:Parthians
1721:, Somalia
1719:Gondershe
1668:Aethiopia
1590:Manikongo
1210:species.
1181:Old World
1173:Acheulean
919:Serengeti
880:includes
656:Al-Habash
541:Neolithic
407:Subsahara
258:Internet
248:Languages
141:Mogadishu
97:Cape Town
21164:Zimbabwe
21139:Tanzania
20989:Ethiopia
20984:Eswatini
20964:Djibouti
20929:Cameroon
20914:Botswana
20831: /
20827: /
20820:(France)
20814: /
20792: /
20788: /
20740:Zimbabwe
20715:Tanzania
20565:Ethiopia
20560:Eswatini
20540:Djibouti
20505:Cameroon
20490:Botswana
20407: /
20403: /
20396:(France)
20390: /
20368: /
20364: /
20316:Zimbabwe
20291:Tanzania
20141:Ethiopia
20136:Eswatini
20116:Djibouti
20081:Cameroon
20066:Botswana
19675:Highveld
19665:Bushveld
19633:Rhodesia
19536:Ifriqiya
19402:Barbaria
19260:Igboland
19081:Archived
18989:Archived
18969:Archived
18945:Archived
18914:Archived
18868:Archived
18835:Archived
18831:iaaf.org
18805:Archived
18773:Archived
18747:Archived
18670:Archived
18644:Archived
18552:Archived
18500:Archived
18496:BBC News
18470:Archived
18444:Archived
18398:70-80751
18369:archived
18285:Archived
18246:Archived
18234:. SAGE.
18180:Archived
18145:Archived
17970:Archived
17959:Archived
17947:Archived
17919:25244186
17841:Archived
17695:Archived
17666:Archived
17645:22230581
17602:Archived
17576:Archived
17543:Archived
17479:Archived
17424:Archived
17377:10173105
17283:36293727
17180:19707588
17096:Archived
17031:. 2012.
16998:Archived
16950:23 April
16944:Archived
16925:15227415
16810:Archived
16779:Archived
16719:Archived
16694:Archived
16560:Archived
16525:Archived
16467:Archived
16429:Archived
16364:Archived
16283:Archived
16272:"Copper"
16246:Archived
16212:Archived
16179:Archived
16109:Archived
16045:Archived
16024:Archived
15999:Archived
15969:Archived
15910:Archived
15879:Archived
15848:Archived
15844:Redorbit
15815:Archived
15788:Archived
15338:Archived
15312:Archived
15254:Archived
15198:Archived
15156:reports"
15131:Archived
15105:Archived
15079:Archived
15052:16 March
15046:Archived
15014:Archived
14975:Archived
14936:Archived
14918:(2013).
14893:Archived
14850:Archived
14811:Archived
14772:Archived
14739:Archived
14715:Archived
14696:Archived
14674:Archived
14653:11 April
14626:Archived
14607:Archived
14604:"Zambia"
14588:Archived
14585:"Malawi"
14569:Archived
14550:Archived
14519:Archived
14460:"Uganda"
14443:Archived
14419:Archived
14366:Archived
14338:Archived
13926:"Angola"
13894:"Rwanda"
13822:Archived
13588:Archived
13517:Archived
13492:Archived
13462:Archived
13344:Archived
13301:Archived
13235:Archived
13190:Archived
13087:16826514
13051:(2006).
13026:Archived
12933:Archived
12769:Archived
12594:43135518
12534:19407144
12477:30007846
12408:31506422
12349:28971970
12258:, p. 2,
12240:13 March
12234:Archived
12020:Archived
11991:Archived
11893:15 March
11887:Archived
11732:Archived
11711:Archived
11699:Archived
11651:9 August
11522:See also
11252:Freetown
11153:Monrovia
11003:ECOWAS (
10951:Khartoum
10893:Zimbabwe
10827:Pretoria
10780:Victoria
10744:Windhoek
10636:Lilongwe
10616:, French
10614:Malagasy
10511:Eswatini
10497:Comorian
10441:Gaborone
10433:Botswana
10272:Tanzania
10181:, French
10159:(former
10072:Arabic (
10056:Khartoum
10016:(So.Sh)
9985:Tigrinya
9944:Ethiopia
9918:Tigrinya
9858:Djibouti
9850:Djibouti
9803:Djibouti
9795:Djibouti
9769:Tigrinya
9732:, French
9710:(former
9659:Tanzania
9436:Arabic (
9420:Khartoum
9207:, French
9144:Cameroon
9105:São Tomé
9029:Kinshasa
8989:(former
8829:Kordofan
8728:marathon
8719:Ethiopia
8429:Tanzania
8413:Kitenges
8382:The Akan
8363:Clothing
8274:Mushroom
8262:antelope
8258:bushmeat
8232:cuisine.
8230:Eritrean
8195:chai tea
8191:tomatoes
8173:, rice,
8151:Cornmeal
8116:cardamon
8108:cinnamon
8043:Roasting
8019:palm oil
7999:cocoyams
7983:couscous
7920:Mbaqanga
7900:Cameroon
7880:Highlife
7855:and the
7704:fractals
7689:Taforalt
7589:(Malawi)
7583:(Zambia)
7429:ontology
7374:SanterĂa
7366:Cameroon
7342:and the
7338:, after
7298:Tanzania
7290:Ethiopia
7254:Djibouti
7157:Religion
7064:HIV/AIDS
6992:, Ghana
6898:Thailand
6857:numeracy
6842:Zimbabwe
6811:Gaborone
6631:and the
6618:oil palm
6527:Zimbabwe
6511:minerals
6486:diamonds
6482:platinum
6478:chromium
6454:iron ore
6442:antimony
6438:vanadium
6434:chromium
6383:Ethiopia
6375:Djibouti
6340:and the
6262:Archived
6257:Source:
6186:Germany
6177:Af: Chad
6123:Vietnam
6106:Ecuador
5950:W: World
5942:Like...
5884:and the
5689:Khartoum
5593:Kinshasa
5507:Kinshasa
5436:Tanzania
5422:megacity
5383:Nigerian
5367:Kinshasa
5155:Germanic
5136:Chichewa
5047:Kalenjin
5000:Ubangian
4988:Malagasy
4862:Cushitic
4854:Tigrinya
4769:Tshiluba
4634:Cameroon
4554:Khoikhoi
4542:Tanzania
4534:Khoi-San
4502:Cushitic
4455:Sumerian
4437:family (
3795:38/8,00
3683:Zimbabwe
3599:Eswatini
3585:33/8,50
3501:35/9,00
3179:Botswana
3095:Ethiopia
3011:Djibouti
2849:Tanzania
2429:Cameroon
2403:162/11.9
2096:Zimbabwe
1961:Zanzibar
1957:Tanzania
1923:Tanzania
1808:Axumites
1800:Sabaeans
1792:Mosyllon
1777:Ethiopia
1745:period (
1743:Iron Age
1735:Ethiopia
1547:Baguirmi
1513:kingdoms
1352:and the
1260:Carthage
1108:Southern
972:Bushveld
953:Tanzania
805:and the
740:family.
712:family;
687:Barbaroi
638:region.
521:3900 BCE
494:Djibouti
392:Iron Age
362:and the
180:Demonyms
153:Windhoek
149:Pretoria
125:Kinshasa
21149:Tunisia
21119:Somalia
21104:Senegal
21089:Nigeria
21079:Namibia
21069:Morocco
21034:Liberia
21029:Lesotho
20979:Eritrea
20949:Comoros
20924:Burundi
20899:Algeria
20816:RĂ©union
20812:Mayotte
20803:Madeira
20798:(Spain)
20794:Melilla
20725:Tunisia
20695:Somalia
20680:Senegal
20665:Nigeria
20655:Namibia
20645:Morocco
20610:Liberia
20605:Lesotho
20555:Eritrea
20525:Comoros
20500:Burundi
20475:Algeria
20392:RĂ©union
20388:Mayotte
20379:Madeira
20374:(Spain)
20370:Melilla
20301:Tunisia
20271:Somalia
20256:Senegal
20241:Nigeria
20231:Namibia
20221:Morocco
20186:Liberia
20181:Lesotho
20131:Eritrea
20101:Comoros
20076:Burundi
20051:Algeria
19553:Bashmur
19511:Maghreb
19442:Red Sea
19255:Mayombe
19230:Central
19218:Regions
19100:Sources
18951:9 April
18506:9 April
18215:1166258
17939:p. 306
17910:4235004
17815:30 July
17786:30 July
17625:Vaccine
17274:9602585
17171:2727001
17049:22 July
16832:"World"
16700:9 April
15287:14 June
15224:cia.gov
14416:"Niger"
14258:"Kenya"
14088:"Sudan"
13724:26 July
13498:21 July
13442:17 July
13413:17 July
13175:Studies
13078:1559480
12525:2947357
12504:Bibcode
12496:Science
12468:6092560
12439:Bibcode
12399:6736881
12378:Bibcode
12327:Bibcode
12319:Science
12053:Bibcode
11987:6463581
11957:Bibcode
11923:7 March
11625:20 July
11469:Senegal
11357:Abidjan
11267:UEMOA (
11213:Nigeria
11145:Liberia
11123:Conakry
11033:Abidjan
10996:Maghreb
10917:English
10881:English
10760:English
10736:Namibia
10688:English
10652:English
10575:Sesotho
10568:(L)(M)
10550:Lesotho
10536:SiSwati
10529:(L)(E)
10519:Mbabane
10472:Comoros
10337:Swahili
10320:Kampala
10298:Swahili
10218:Swahili
10201:Nairobi
10179:Kirundi
10148:Burundi
10116:English
10078:English
10066:(ÂŁSd.)
9998:Somalia
9973:Amharic
9930:English
9926:Italian
9911:(Nfk) '
9893:Eritrea
9781:English
9777:Italian
9762:(Nfk) '
9744:Eritrea
9730:Kirundi
9699:Burundi
9685:Swahili
9605:Swahili
9588:Kampala
9566:Swahili
9549:Nairobi
9498:Somalia
9480:English
9442:English
9345:(FCFA)
9309:(FCFA)
9273:(FCFA)
9237:(FCFA)
9198:(FCFA)
9162:(FCFA)
9152:Yaoundé
9126:CEMAC (
8978:Burundi
8923:ECCAS (
8918:English
8821:Zaghawa
8817:Masalit
8789:Tunisia
8785:Morocco
8773:Algeria
8756:tourism
8750:Tourism
8514:Theater
8497:dashiki
8441:Namibia
8409:Swahili
8345:potjies
8341:biltong
8333:chutney
8321:sambals
8317:chibuku
8309:cabbage
8305:yoghurt
8266:warthog
8254:chicken
8246:peanuts
8171:lentils
8141:In the
8100:saffron
8077:cabbage
8063:spicing
8059:mashing
8051:boiling
8011:sorghum
8003:cassava
7930:Cuisine
7912:Kizomba
7906:in the
7904:Soukous
7896:Makossa
7888:Zoblazo
7872:Senegal
7793:kalimba
7674:Chiwara
7671:Bambara
7608:Culture
7602:fractal
7546:(Congo)
7540:(Congo)
7534:(Congo)
7476:(Ghana)
7413:animism
7402:Judaism
7310:Nigeria
7294:Eritrea
7282:Senegal
7258:Somalia
7250:Islamic
7093:measles
7089:Malaria
7002:malaria
6914:Senegal
6894:Jomtien
6848:(27%).
6702:, Gabon
6562:sorghum
6523:lithium
6501:⁄
6450:bauxite
6430:uranium
6387:Somalia
6379:Eritrea
6259:CIA.gov
6252:Russia
6203:France
6180:156,000
6164:199,100
6148:243,900
6134:261,000
6117:368,500
6100:466,100
6083:664,000
6024:Norway
5827:updated
5808:Economy
5761:Nairobi
5724:Kampala
5713:Abidjan
5580:Yaounde
5499:Abidjan
5486:phrase
5476:Nairobi
5458:Gauteng
5313:Songhai
5302:Saharan
5168:Romance
5124:Umbundu
5063:Shilluk
4957:Swahili
4922:Swahili
4875:: 30–35
4869:: 10–15
4848:Amharic
4843:Semitic
4803:Masalit
4798:Zaghawa
4774:Kirundi
4752:Lingala
4708:Songhai
4704:Zaghawa
4696:Masalit
4688:Nilotic
4646:Persian
4638:Swahili
4618:Nilotic
4562:Sandawe
4528:Khoisan
4475:Assyria
4467:Semitic
4418:women (
4390:Khoisan
4182:196,712
4175:Senegal
4074:111,369
4067:Liberia
4002:245,857
3966:238,535
3894:322,463
3858:322,462
3855:499,000
3834:150/116
3816:274,200
3792:156/139
3783:111/2.8
3750:172/155
3741:106/2.9
3732:112,620
3708:159/155
3699:146/2.2
3690:390,580
3648:752,614
3624:115/158
3480:825,418
3473:Namibia
3447:130/2.5
3438:801,590
3372:132/128
3354:118,480
3312:587,041
3288:130/131
3263:Lesotho
3246:162/168
3237:143/2.3
3225:752,438
3221:Comoros
3186:600,370
3153:180/1.1
3144:637,657
3137:Somalia
3111:120/2.7
3078:175/181
3069:126/2.6
3060:121,320
3053:Eritrea
3036:163/177
3027:111/2.8
3015:516,055
2982:619,745
2958:154/118
2949:176/1.5
2916:112/129
2907:130/2.5
2898:236,040
2874:131/120
2865:126/2.6
2856:945,087
2832:180/140
2823:111/2.8
2811:212,679
2748:131/120
2739:136/2.7
2730:923,768
2723:Nigeria
2697:146/2.2
2688:582,650
2664:158/152
2655:106/2.9
2646:267,667
2622:170/178
2613:168/1.8
2571:162/1.9
2562:342,000
2538:178/182
2529:175/1.6
2496:183/159
2487:158/2.8
2478:622,984
2454:171/174
2445:146/2.2
2436:475,440
2412:182/152
2370:176/130
2361:168/1.8
2345:Burundi
2328:172/171
2251:Country
2239:younger
2135:British
2088:Limpopo
2084:Zambezi
2060:Khoisan
2010:Karagwe
2006:Bunyoro
2002:Buganda
1937:Persian
1896:Nilotic
1868:Sultan
1848:of the
1822:trade.
1739:Eritrea
1731:Red Sea
1650:Taharqa
1606:Burundi
1543:Shilluk
1511:Matamba
1136:Oldowan
1104:hominid
1094:savanna
1090:bipedal
1082:gorilla
986:History
933:Western
892:in the
867:Guinean
851:savanna
738:Khoisan
730:Khoisan
714:Negroes
706:Semites
702:Hamites
691:Somalis
683:Baribah
679:Berbers
673:or the
670:Barbara
665:Habesha
651:Eritrea
643:Red Sea
614:Central
567:pluvial
563:Eurasia
502:Somalia
490:Comoros
319:by the
265:.africa
185:African
145:Nairobi
121:Kampala
81:Abidjan
21159:Zambia
21154:Uganda
21094:Rwanda
21049:Malawi
21009:Guinea
20904:Angola
20835:
20818:
20805:
20735:Zambia
20730:Uganda
20670:Rwanda
20625:Malawi
20585:Guinea
20480:Angola
20411:
20394:
20381:
20311:Zambia
20306:Uganda
20246:Rwanda
20201:Malawi
20161:Guinea
20056:Angola
19945:Sahara
19905:MENASA
19680:Fynbos
19563:Darfur
19265:Mbaise
19222:Africa
19116:
18696:UNESCO
18636:
18612:
18592:
18576:
18450:9 June
18436:
18413:
18396:
18361:
18327:
18277:
18238:
18213:
18137:
17935:
17917:
17907:
17781:UNICEF
17728:
17643:
17552:13 May
17459:27 May
17375:
17340:
17330:
17281:
17271:
17229:22 May
17204:22 May
17178:
17168:
17127:22 May
17035:
16923:
16871:
16806:UNESCO
16657:
16505:
16448:
16411:
16388:
16151:13 May
16078:
15941:7 June
15742:7 June
15735:
15709:7 June
15684:7 June
15369:
15260:25 May
15204:4 July
15190:
15163:
15020:4 July
15006:
14981:4 July
14967:
14942:4 July
14928:
14899:4 July
14885:
14856:4 July
14842:
14817:4 July
14803:
14778:4 July
14764:
14736:"Mali"
14440:"Chad"
14315:25 May
14236:25 May
14171:25 May
14102:25 May
13998:25 May
13969:25 May
13940:25 May
13908:25 May
13879:25 May
13845:
13804:
13783:
13765:25 May
13698:
13624:25 May
13539:
13432:(XSLX)
13388:
13378:Africa
13350:9 June
13336:
13307:9 June
13293:
13214:
13140:
13085:
13075:
13018:
12925:
12897:
12775:9 June
12747:
12723:
12693:
12672:
12655:
12635:
12614:
12592:
12532:
12522:
12475:
12465:
12457:
12406:
12396:
12347:
12299:
12282:
12262:
12112:9 June
12103:
12071:
12045:Nature
11985:
11855:
11830:
11807:
11784:
11761:
11496:
11466:
11447:Niamey
11436:
11417:Bamako
11406:
11387:Bissau
11376:
11342:
11312:
11282:
11241:
11210:
11172:
11142:
11115:Guinea
11112:
11082:
11063:Banjul
11052:
11018:
10994:
10992:
10982:
10961:(SDG)
10940:
10901:Harare
10890:
10865:Lusaka
10857:Zambia
10854:
10808:
10769:
10754:(N$ )
10733:
10718:(MTn)
10708:Maputo
10697:
10661:
10628:Malawi
10625:
10607:(Ar.)
10586:
10558:Maseru
10547:
10508:
10480:Moroni
10469:
10458:Tswana
10430:
10405:Luanda
10396:Angola
10393:
10376:(SADC)
10372:
10370:
10364:
10354:
10312:Uganda
10309:
10281:Dodoma
10269:
10241:Kigali
10232:Rwanda
10229:
10190:
10172:(FBu)
10157:Gitega
10145:
10088:
10076:) and
10045:
10027:Arabic
10023:Somali
9995:
9983:, and
9981:Somali
9941:
9922:Arabic
9914:lang.'
9901:Asmara
9890:
9879:French
9875:Arabic
9868:(Fdj)
9847:
9824:French
9820:Arabic
9813:(Fdj)
9792:
9773:Arabic
9765:lang.'
9752:Asmara
9741:
9723:(FBu)
9708:Gitega
9696:
9668:Dodoma
9656:
9628:Kigali
9619:Rwanda
9616:
9580:Uganda
9577:
9538:
9527:Arabic
9523:Somali
9495:
9452:
9440:) and
9430:(ÂŁS.)
9409:
9395:
9387:
9385:
9378:
9376:
9366:
9351:French
9324:
9299:Malabo
9288:
9279:French
9252:
9216:
9188:Bangui
9177:
9141:
9094:
9066:Kigali
9057:Rwanda
9054:
9045:French
9017:
9008:French
9002:(FBu)
8987:Gitega
8975:
8950:Luanda
8941:Angola
8938:
8891:
8875:
8873:
8863:
8857:
8825:Nubian
8813:Darfur
8742:, and
8551:Sports
8493:kenten
8474:kaftan
8470:boubou
8463:Kangas
8445:Zambia
8437:Malawi
8431:, and
8425:Uganda
8349:onions
8337:samosa
8335:, and
8289:bogobe
8215:injera
8189:, and
8175:banana
8159:injera
8134:, and
8128:cattle
8122:, and
8104:cloves
8090:, and
8061:, and
8055:frying
8047:baking
8013:, and
8007:millet
8001:, and
7979:kenkey
7946:, and
7918:, and
7916:Angola
7876:Gambia
7868:Mbalax
7830:reggae
7781:, and
7746:, and
7726:, and
7659:, and
7636:, and
7380:, and
7364:, and
7320:Africa
7270:Guinea
7220:
7212:
7210:
7202:
7200:
7192:
7190:
7177:, and
7037:Bamako
6990:Kumasi
6970:Health
6963:, and
6633:donkey
6620:, and
6594:millet
6574:cotton
6570:coffee
6547:Rwanda
6515:cobalt
6460:, and
6458:copper
6446:coltan
6385:, and
6369:, and
6230:54,400
6214:71,400
6197:87,400
5936:bb/day
5748:Kumasi
5652:Ibadan
5641:Luanda
5628:Douala
5532:
5529:
5511:Luanda
5484:Maasai
5404:after
5402:Africa
5307:Kanuri
5282:Chadic
5221:Yoruba
5202:Ibibio
5162:: 7–10
5118:Tswana
5068:Maasai
5029:Kanuri
4963:Gikuyu
4959:: 5–10
4930:Bajuni
4917:Zigula
4899:Kunama
4867:Somali
4786:Nubian
4718:. The
4716:Kanuri
4700:Nubian
4642:Arabic
4616:, and
4594:Fulani
4586:Yoruba
4514:Chadic
4506:Arabic
4498:Berber
4401:Maasai
4370:Yoruba
4351:, and
4259:1,700
4254:56,785
4244:
4218:71,740
4208:
4187:3,500
4172:
4151:1,200
4136:
4115:4,500
4100:
4079:1,300
4064:
4038:36,125
4028:
3995:Guinea
3992:
3971:4,700
3956:
3935:2,600
3930:11,295
3923:Gambia
3920:
3899:3,900
3884:
3863:7,000
3848:
3825:79/3.6
3806:
3764:
3722:
3680:
3657:99/3.0
3641:Zambia
3638:
3615:79/3.6
3612:11,089
3606:17,363
3596:
3573:55/4.7
3570:13,600
3554:
3540:111/81
3531:54/4.8
3528:29,300
3519:87,476
3512:
3498:66/123
3489:56/4.5
3486:11,200
3470:
3456:135/96
3428:
3405:42/5.4
3402:22,300
3386:
3363:89/3.3
3347:Malawi
3344:
3330:134/12
3321:99/3.0
3302:
3279:89/3.3
3270:30,355
3260:
3218:
3195:37/5.6
3192:17,000
3176:
3134:
3120:107/93
3092:
3050:
3018:23,000
3008:
2972:
2930:
2891:Uganda
2888:
2846:
2804:
2781:89/3.3
2772:26,338
2765:Rwanda
2762:
2720:
2706:95/124
2678:
2652:18,100
2636:
2610:37,400
2604:28,051
2594:
2552:
2510:
2468:
2426:
2384:
2352:27,830
2342:
2303:Angola
2300:
2161:. The
1991:Azania
1987:Rhapta
1977:Arabic
1963:) and
1943:. The
1930:Muslim
1884:, and
1866:Somali
1751:stelae
1704:, and
1672:Greeks
1646:Sphinx
1610:Rwanda
1549:, and
1507:Ndongo
1503:Nzinga
1465:became
1418:Yoruba
1399:. The
1389:Akwamu
1376:. The
1370:Tichit
1360:, the
1336:. The
1315:Louvre
1300:, and
1240:Sahara
1114:, and
1055:, and
1020:, and
1006:, and
945:Angola
838:, and
799:biomes
756:; and
661:Habash
589:(1932)
543:. The
500:, and
488:, the
472:(i.e.
433:, and
419:Sahara
415:Africa
348:UNESCO
161:Maputo
157:Dodoma
137:Lusaka
133:Luanda
109:Harare
105:Durban
67:
61:
55:
21134:Sudan
21084:Niger
21039:Libya
21024:Kenya
21004:Ghana
20994:Gabon
20969:Egypt
20909:Benin
20790:Ceuta
20710:Sudan
20660:Niger
20615:Libya
20600:Kenya
20580:Ghana
20570:Gabon
20545:Egypt
20485:Benin
20366:Ceuta
20286:Sudan
20236:Niger
20191:Libya
20176:Kenya
20156:Ghana
20146:Gabon
20121:Egypt
20061:Benin
19950:Sahel
19643:South
19638:North
19625:South
19593:Nubia
19498:North
18888:(PDF)
18211:JSTOR
18178:(1).
18043:(PDF)
18024:7 May
18018:(PDF)
18011:(PDF)
17844:(PDF)
17837:(PDF)
17805:(PDF)
17777:(PDF)
17546:(PDF)
17539:(PDF)
17511:(PDF)
17504:(PDF)
17427:(PDF)
17420:(PDF)
17025:Paris
16921:S2CID
16893:(PDF)
16655:S2CID
16645:(6).
16569:7 May
16563:(PDF)
16550:(PDF)
16286:(PDF)
16275:(PDF)
16249:(PDF)
16238:(PDF)
16182:(PDF)
16171:(PDF)
16112:(PDF)
16105:(PDF)
15818:(PDF)
15811:(PDF)
14200:(PDF)
14189:(PDF)
14135:(PDF)
14120:(PDF)
14027:(PDF)
14016:(PDF)
13759:(PDF)
13744:(PDF)
12590:JSTOR
12138:Arabs
12133:Numen
12069:S2CID
11994:(PDF)
11983:S2CID
11945:(PDF)
11517:(CFA)
11487:(CFA)
11477:Dakar
11457:(CFA)
11439:Niger
11427:(CFA)
11397:(CFA)
11367:(CFA)
11333:(CFA)
11303:(CFA)
11285:Benin
11221:Abuja
11195:Sudan
11163:(L$ )
11103:(GH₵)
11093:Accra
11085:Ghana
11043:(CFA)
10964:lang.
10943:Sudan
10928:Sudan
10922:Sudan
10914:lang.
10911:($ )
10878:lang.
10875:(ZK)
10840:lang.
10793:lang.
10757:lang.
10721:lang.
10685:lang.
10649:lang.
10646:(MK)
10610:lang.
10571:lang.
10532:lang.
10493:lang.
10490:(FC)
10454:lang.
10418:lang.
10415:(Kz)
10333:lang.
10294:lang.
10254:lang.
10251:(RF)
10214:lang.
10193:Kenya
10175:lang.
10112:lang.
10069:lang.
10048:Sudan
10019:lang.
9977:Oromo
9965:lang.
9962:(Br)
9871:lang.
9816:lang.
9726:lang.
9681:lang.
9641:lang.
9638:(RF)
9601:lang.
9562:lang.
9541:Kenya
9519:lang.
9476:lang.
9433:lang.
9412:Sudan
9348:lang.
9327:Gabon
9312:lang.
9276:lang.
9240:lang.
9205:Sango
9201:lang.
9165:lang.
9118:lang.
9115:(Db)
9079:lang.
9076:(RF)
9042:lang.
9039:(FC)
9005:lang.
8963:lang.
8960:(Kz)
8915:lang.
8841:Niger
8781:Libya
8777:Egypt
8723:Kenya
8650:Rugby
8540:Games
8491:word
8453:lamba
8421:Kenya
8417:kikoy
8405:Kanga
8385:Kente
8285:sadza
8281:braai
8238:Ugali
8163:enset
8147:Maize
8136:goats
8132:sheep
8096:curry
8092:halva
8084:ugali
8073:Ugali
7991:banku
7987:garri
7884:Ghana
7826:salsa
7810:samba
7753:Music
7718:like
7442:Pemba
7438:Nummo
7378:Vodun
7324:Hindu
7306:Kenya
7278:Niger
7206:(31%)
7204:Islam
7196:(62%)
7133:Ghana
6910:Dakar
6602:enset
6590:gourd
6470:Ghana
6466:Gabon
6363:Gabon
6357:Media
6007:Iran
5856:BRICs
5772:Dakar
5700:Abuja
5569:Lagos
5560:Pop.
5555:Rank
5552:Pop.
5547:Rank
5480:Kenya
5426:Apapa
5410:Egypt
5406:Cairo
5396:, is
5390:Lagos
5386:state
5379:Lagos
5358:Lagos
5319:Zarma
5287:Hausa
5267:Wolof
5142:Makua
5112:Sotho
5106:Shona
5100:Xhosa
5089:Bantu
5070:: 1–2
5053:Dinka
5043:: 3–4
5017:Zande
5013:: 1–2
5011:Banda
5005:Gbaya
4990:: 20+
4975:Luhya
4969:Ganda
4951:Bantu
4894:Anuak
4889:Gumuz
4873:Oromo
4850:: 20+
4763:Kongo
4747:Bantu
4712:Zarma
4680:Chari
4626:Gabon
4614:Pygmy
4606:Bantu
4598:Wolof
4582:tonal
4566:Hadza
4518:Hausa
4487:Syria
4461:) of
4388:man (
4308:EODBR
4294:Trans
4223:1,600
4139:Niger
4043:1,900
4007:2,200
3959:Ghana
3831:0.331
3822:1,900
3819:25.3%
3789:0.359
3780:2,200
3747:0.427
3738:2,300
3725:Benin
3705:0.376
3696:2,300
3666:90/94
3663:0.430
3654:4,000
3621:0.608
3582:34/67
3579:0.619
3537:0.773
3495:0.625
3453:0.322
3444:1,300
3414:17/10
3411:0.728
3396:2,040
3369:0.400
3360:1,200
3327:0.480
3318:1,600
3285:0.450
3276:3,300
3243:0.433
3234:1,600
3228:2,170
3204:45/83
3201:0.633
3117:0.363
3108:2,200
3075:0.349
3066:1,600
3033:0.430
3024:3,600
2987:1,600
2955:0.408
2952:62.57
2946:4,300
2933:Sudan
2913:0.446
2904:2,400
2871:0.466
2862:3,200
2829:0.509
2820:3,200
2814:1,001
2790:67/11
2787:0.429
2778:2,100
2745:0.504
2736:5,900
2703:0.519
2694:3,500
2681:Kenya
2661:0.674
2639:Gabon
2619:0.537
2577:0.533
2535:0.328
2526:2,300
2493:0.343
2451:0.482
2442:3,700
2409:0.286
2367:0.316
2325:0.486
2319:168/2
2316:6,800
2243:Sudan
2151:India
2131:Dutch
2048:Bantu
1965:Kenya
1919:Tanga
1900:Bantu
1820:Roman
1816:Greco
1796:Malao
1788:Opone
1664:Egypt
1660:Sudan
1656:Nubia
1631:Sudan
1602:Bemba
1551:Wadai
1539:Bornu
1535:Kanem
1520:Zilum
1430:Lagos
1397:Ghana
1374:adobe
1264:Egypt
1252:oases
1248:camel
1236:Sahel
968:Karoo
960:Namib
908:Congo
853:(the
840:Sudan
832:Niger
819:Sahel
695:Greek
553:fauna
549:flora
506:Sudan
409:, or
360:Sahel
313:Sudan
213:31.4%
209:Islam
202:62.0%
165:Jinja
129:Lagos
89:Accra
85:Abuja
32:Place
21144:Togo
21054:Mali
20944:Chad
20720:Togo
20630:Mali
20520:Chad
20296:Togo
20206:Mali
20096:Chad
19732:West
19365:Zanj
19317:East
19114:ISBN
19089:2015
19041:2015
18997:2009
18953:2010
18922:2015
18896:2015
18843:2013
18813:2009
18781:2009
18755:2009
18729:2009
18678:2009
18652:2017
18634:ISBN
18610:ISBN
18590:ISBN
18574:ISBN
18560:2015
18534:2009
18508:2010
18478:2018
18452:2016
18434:ISBN
18411:ISBN
18394:LCCN
18377:2019
18359:ISBN
18325:ISBN
18310:(1).
18275:ISBN
18254:2020
18236:ISBN
18153:2020
18135:ISBN
18026:2020
17933:ISBN
17915:PMID
17852:2014
17817:2024
17788:2024
17737:2023
17726:ISSN
17703:2015
17674:2015
17641:PMID
17610:2015
17584:2019
17554:2013
17519:2015
17487:2015
17461:2013
17435:2015
17403:2006
17373:PMID
17338:OCLC
17328:ISBN
17309:2006
17279:PMID
17231:2024
17206:2024
17176:PMID
17129:2024
17104:2019
17073:2023
17051:2023
17033:ISBN
16952:2010
16869:ISBN
16850:2014
16818:2020
16787:2020
16756:2015
16702:2010
16671:2023
16613:2023
16571:2012
16533:2009
16503:ISBN
16475:2009
16446:ISBN
16409:ISBN
16386:ISBN
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