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implementations of the original SNOBOL 4 language too), although it is possible to achieve the same power without them. Part of this power comes from the side effects that it is possible to produce during the pattern matching operation, including saving numerous intermediate/tentative matching results and the ability to invoke user-written functions during the pattern match which can perform nearly any desired processing, and then influence the ongoing direction the interrupted pattern match takes, or even to indeed change the pattern itself during the matching operation. Patterns can be saved like any other first-class data item, and can be concatenated, used within other patterns, and used to create very complex and sophisticated pattern expressions. It is possible to write, for example, a SNOBOL4 pattern which matches "a complete name and international postal mailing address", which is well beyond anything that is practical to even attempt using regular expressions.
396:
1000:(which is why it was named SITBOL). Students were given sections to implement (in PDP-10 assembler) and the entire semester was focused on implementing SITBOL. It was over 80% complete by the end of the semester and was subsequently completed by Professor Gimpel and several students over the summer. SITBOL was a full-featured, high-performance SNOBOL4 interpreter.
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Several implementations are currently available. Macro SNOBOL4 in C written by Phil Budne is a free, open source implementation, capable of running on almost any platform. Catspaw, Inc provided a commercial implementation of the SNOBOL4 language for many different computer platforms, including DOS,
561:
Complex SNOBOL patterns can do things that would be impractical or impossible using the more primitive regular expressions used in most other pattern-matching languages. Some of this power derives from the so-called "SPITBOL extensions" (which have since been incorporated in basically all modern
356:
As SNOBOL3 became more popular, the authors received more and more requests for extensions to the language. They also began to receive complaints about incompatibility and bugs in versions that they hadn't written. To address this and to take advantage of the new computers being introduced in the
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A SNOBOL pattern can be very simple or extremely complex. A simple pattern is just a text string (e.g. "ABCD"), but a complex pattern may be a large structure describing, for example, the complete grammar of a computer language. It is possible to implement a language interpreter in SNOBOL almost
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can be an absolute branch or a conditional branch dependent upon the success or failure of the subject evaluation, the pattern evaluation, the pattern match, the object evaluation or the final assignment. It can also be a transfer to code created and compiled by the program itself during a run.
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The SPITBOL implementation also introduced a number of features which, while not using traditional structured programming keywords, nevertheless can be used to provide many of the equivalent capabilities normally thought of as "structured programming", most notably nested if/then/else type
331:. It had a simple syntax, only one datatype, the string, no functions, and no declarations and very little error control. However, despite its simplicity and its "personal" nature its use began to spread to other groups. As a result, the authors decided to extend it and tidy it up.
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anguage, the SIL. This very much improved the portability of the language by making it relatively easy to port the virtual machine which hosted the translator by recreating its virtual instructions on any machine which included a macro assembler or indeed a high level language.
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Macintosh, Sun, RS/6000, and others, and these implementations are now available free from
Catspaw. Minnesota SNOBOL4, by Viktors Berstis, the closest PC implementation to the original IBM mainframe version (even including Fortran-like FORMAT statement support) is also free.
970:. The original implementation was on an IBM 7090 at Bell Labs, Holmdel, N.J. SNOBOL4 was specifically designed for portability; the first implementation was started on an IBM 7094 in 1966 but completed on an IBM 360 in 1967. It was rapidly ported to many other platforms.
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SNOBOL was rewritten to add functions, both standard and user-defined, and the result was released as SNOBOL3. SNOBOL3 became quite popular and was rewritten for other computers than the IBM 7090 by other programmers. As a result, several incompatible dialects arose.
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expression of it, with few changes. Creating a macro assembler and an interpreter for a completely theoretical piece of hardware could take as little as a few hundred lines, with a new instruction being added with a single line.
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to allow improved portability across computers. The SNOBOL4 language translator was still written in assembly language. However the macro features of the assembler were used to define the virtual machine instructions of the
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constructs. These features have since been added to most recent SNOBOL4 implementations. After many years as a commercial product, in April 2009 SPITBOL was released as free software under the
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That made it clear that we needed another name!! We sat and talked and drank coffee and shot rubber bands and after much too much time someone said — most likely Ralph — "We don't have a
299:, but regular expressions, unlike SNOBOL4 patterns, are not recursive, which gives a distinct computational advantage to SNOBOL4 patterns. (Recursive expressions did appear in
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SNOBOL4 was quite widely taught in larger U.S. universities in the late 1960s and early 1970s and was widely used in the 1970s and 1980s as a text manipulation language in the
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The initial SNOBOL language was created as a tool to be used by its authors to work with the symbolic manipulation of polynomials. It was written in assembly language for the
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382:, which were used extensively in the initial SNOBOL implementation. In 1969, McIlroy influenced the language again by insisting on addition of the table type to SNOBOL4.
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and more powerful than regular expressions. The "regular expressions" in current versions of AWK and Perl are in fact extensions of regular expressions in the
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Compiler comes with a package (GNAT.Spitbol) that implements all of the
Spitbol string manipulation semantics. This can be called from within an Ada program.
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a data type whose values can be manipulated in all ways permitted to any other data type in the programming language) and by providing operators for pattern
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is a free and open source BSD-licensed port of the original Bell Labs SNOBOL4 to systems with a C compiler, and includes SPITBOL and Blocks enhancements.
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adds block-structured constructs to the SNOBOL4 language. Snocone is a self-contained programming language, rather than a proper superset of SNOBOL4.
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261:. In addition SNOBOL4 strings generated during execution can be treated as programs and either interpreted or compiled and executed (as in the
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SNOBOL is distinctive in format and programming style, which are radically different from contemporary procedural languages such as
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SNOBOL2 did exist but it was a short-lived intermediate development version without user-defined functions and was never released.
495:. SNOBOL4's programmer-defined data type facility was advanced at the time—it is similar to the records of the earlier
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that he named SITBOL. He used the design as the basis of a graduate class in string processing that he taught that year at
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was quite slow, and in 1972 James Gimpel of Bell Labs, Holmdel, N.J. designed a native implementation of SNOBOL4 for the
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According to Dave Farber, he, Griswold and
Polonsky "finally arrived at the name Symbolic EXpression Interpreter SEXI."
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late 1960s, the decision was taken to develop SNOBOL4 with many extra datatypes and features but based on a
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All went well until one day I was submitting a batch job to assemble the system and as normal on my JOB
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Ierusalimschy, Roberto; de
Figueiredo, Luiz Henrique; Celes, Waldemar (2007), "The evolution of Lua",
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1487:, Computing Center, University of Michigan, June 1979, pages 99-120. Retrieved 1 September 2014.
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The machine-independent language SIL arose as a generalization of string manipulation macros by
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One of the Comp Center girls looked at it and said, "That's what you think" in a humorous way.
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because of the difficulty in implementing some of its very high-level features, but there is a
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1075:— the first card in the deck, I, in BTL standards, punched my job and my name — SEXI Farber.
491:(associative arrays), and also allows the programmer to define additional data types and new
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of finding a name". All of us yelled at once, "WE GOT IT — SNOBOL" in the spirit of all the
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1040:. Snostorm was used at the eight to fifteen sites that ran MTS. It was also available at
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249:. SNOBOL4 patterns are a type of object and admit various manipulations, much like later
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SNOBOL4 stands apart from most programming languages of its era by having patterns as a
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1237:"Dr. Dobb's: Programs That Transform Their Own Source Code; or: the Snobol Foot Joke"
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Proceedings of the third ACM SIGPLAN conference on
History of programming languages
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A simple program to ask for a user's name and then use it in an output sentence...
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SNOBOL4 pattern-matching uses a backtracking algorithm similar to that used in the
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1499:, Andrew Koenig, USENIX (Portland, Oregon), June 1985. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
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SNOBOL4 has been implemented using C to recreate the virtual machine instructions.
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was designed and implemented during the 1970s by Fred G. Swartz for use under the
1724:"Oral history interview with Ralph E. Griswold — discusses development of SNOBOL"
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This article is about the programming language. For the cleaning product, see
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Catspaw, Inc. offers implementations of and commercial support for SNOBOL4
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222:-oriented languages developed during the 1950s and 1960s; others included
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For a small brief taste of what SNOBOL4 is about try this online compiler
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and Ivan P. Polonsky, culminating in SNOBOL4. It was one of a number of
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WORTH READING Knowledge entry on SNOBOL — the TRUE story NOT Wikipedias
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424:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1197:"A theory of discrete patterns and their implementation in SNOBOL4"
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978:
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1739:. Minneapolis: Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota.
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String and List
Processing in SNOBOL4: Techniques and Applications
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SNOBOL stores variables, strings and data structures in a single
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In the 1980s and 1990s, its use faded as newer languages such as
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1511:(Dave Farber, Interesting People mailing list, 26 December 2008)
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SNOBOL4+: The SNOBOL4 Language for the
Personal Computer User
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of "SNOBOL" are 'String
Oriented Symbolic Language' or (as a
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To continue requesting input until no more is forthcoming...
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1737:"Charles Hall Collection on the SNOBOL Programming Language"
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Belzer, Jack; Holzman, Albert G.; Kent, Allen, eds. (1979).
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1017:(MTS) provided pattern matching based on SNOBOL4 patterns.
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David J. Farber, Ralph E. Griswold, Ivan P. Polonsky, and
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199:("StriNg Oriented and symBOlic Language") is a series of
176:
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Griswold, Ralph E.; Poage, J.F.; Polonsky, I.P. (1968).
804:"until you press return without giving it one"
795:"This program will ask you for personal names"
1089:. We then stretched our mind to find what it stood for.
528:
Each of the five elements is optional. In general, the
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1299:Griswold, Ralph E.; Hanson, David R. (April 1977).
592:The "Hello, World!" program might be as follows...
540:is present, any matched portion is replaced by the
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1443:, University of Michigan Computing Center, 1986.
1542:Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology
1366:"A history of the SNOBOL programming languages"
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573:, which provides pattern-like constructs via
1468:"The MINNESOTA SNOBOL4 Programming Language"
651:To choose between three possible outputs...
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506:All SNOBOL command lines are of the form
440:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Text-string-oriented programming language
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1544:. Vol. 13. CRC Press. p. 173.
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1604:republished Salida, CO: Catspaw, 1986 (
1101:) 'StriNg Oriented symBOlic Language'.
1028:features, a SNOBOL preprocessor called
1765:Pattern matching programming languages
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1672:
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946:The classic implementation was on the
463:SNOBOL4 supports a number of built-in
303:, though, released in December 2007.)
287:fashionable. SNOBOL4 patterns subsume
1770:Programming languages created in 1962
1678:Snobol Programming for the Humanities
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283:made string manipulation by means of
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1785:Text-oriented programming languages
1722:Griswold, Ralph E. (25 July 1990).
1618:The Macro Implementation of SNOBOL4
1441:Introduction to the MTS file editor
1341:The Macro Implementation of SNOBOL4
587:
385:
203:developed between 1962 and 1967 at
137:https://www.regressive.org/snobol4/
13:
1775:SNOBOL programming language family
1562:
1497:"The Snocone Programming Language"
1454:"SNOBOL4.ORG -- SNOBOL4 Resources"
988:The classic implementation on the
941:
749:"How nice to meet you, "
291:grammars, which are equivalent to
14:
1811:
1695:
973:It is normally implemented as an
1795:Homoiconic programming languages
1637:The SNOBOL4 Programming Language
1418:History of Programming Languages
870:"Please give me name "
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1749:Try It Online (Snobol4/CSNOBOL)
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1514:
1502:
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1420:. Academic Press. p. 784.
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1195:Gimpel, J. F. (February 1973).
1116:Snowball (programming language)
998:Stevens Institute of Technology
544:via rules for replacement. The
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1024:Although SNOBOL itself has no
773:"Oh. It's you, "
662:"What is your name?"
622:"What is your name?"
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265:function of other languages).
1:
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1131:Unicon (programming language)
1044:(UCL) between 1982 and 1984.
966:and machine comprehension of
933:" names requested."
1521:Computers and the humanities
1485:MTS Volume 9: SNOBOL4 in MTS
950:; it has been used to study
257:whose patterns are known as
7:
1654:Griswold, Ralph E. (1975).
1616:Griswold, Ralph E. (1972).
1111:Icon (programming language)
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420:the claims made and adding
115:; 57 years ago
90:; 62 years ago
10:
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1780:Assembly language software
1730:, University of Minnesota.
1280:"Recursive Regex Tutorial"
1057:GNU General Public License
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18:
1728:Charles Babbage Institute
1588:Gimpel, James F. (1976).
1201:Communications of the ACM
1083:Snowball's chance in hell
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1042:University College London
603:"Hello, World!"
306:The later SL5 (1977) and
251:object-oriented languages
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1034:Michigan Terminal System
1015:Michigan Terminal System
1013:The file editor for the
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1569:Emmer, Mark B. (1985).
1165:10.1145/1238844.1238846
960:artificial intelligence
640:"Thank you, "
532:is matched against the
503:programming languages.
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1038:University of Michigan
1026:structured programming
927:"Finished. "
471:and limited precision
1790:Programming languages
1590:Algorithms in SNOBOL4
1414:Wexelblat, Richard L.
1385:10.1145/960118.808393
1318:10.1145/954654.954658
1214:10.1145/361952.361960
1069:
511:label subject pattern
293:context-free grammars
235:first-class data type
201:programming languages
1301:"An Overview of SL5"
1680:. Clarendon Press.
1373:ACM SIGPLAN Notices
1305:ACM SIGPLAN Notices
1239:. Dobbscodetalk.com
964:machine translation
314:-like structuring.
285:regular expressions
259:regular expressions
85:First appeared
28:
1261:. perldoc.perl.org
405:possibly contains
26:
1658:. Prentice Hall.
1639:. Prentice Hall.
1573:. Prentice Hall.
1339:See Chapter 1 of
1257:Contact details.
968:natural languages
849:"Name "
582:garbage-collected
567:logic programming
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407:original research
297:traditional sense
208:Bell Laboratories
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113:SNOBOL4 / 1967
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553:directly from a
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422:inline citations
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386:SNOBOL4 features
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53:Designed by
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1402:on 2019-03-02.
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1397:the original
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1308:
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473:real numbers
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46:unstructured
1526::158, 1967.
1047:Snocone by
975:interpreter
430:August 2020
318:Development
247:alternation
220:text-string
1759:Categories
1481:"SNOSTORM"
1285:2017-03-19
1265:2011-12-04
1243:2011-12-04
1137:References
1095:backronyms
467:, such as
465:data types
414:improve it
270:humanities
255:JavaScript
171:Influenced
42:procedural
38:Imperative
1592:. Wiley.
952:compilers
930:NameCount
873:NameCount
852:NameCount
834:NameCount
828:NameCount
807:NameCount
569:language
536:. If the
493:functions
418:verifying
301:Perl 5.10
79:Bell Labs
73:Developer
1702:CSNOBOL4
1676:(1985).
1538:"SNOBOL"
1364:(1978).
1327:38692673
1259:"perlre"
1223:17059429
1121:Snostorm
1105:See also
1030:Snostorm
979:compiler
861:GETINPUT
819:GETINPUT
776:Username
752:Username
728:Username
695:Username
674:Username
665:Username
643:Username
625:Username
546:transfer
523:transfer
481:patterns
469:integers
329:IBM 7090
253:such as
205:AT&T
151:SNOBOL,
33:Paradigm
1393:5413577
1126:SPITBOL
1093:Common
534:pattern
530:subject
477:strings
454:Fortran
412:Please
352:SNOBOL4
343:SNOBOL3
335:SNOBOL2
323:SNOBOL1
179:, SL5,
153:SPITBOL
133:Website
118: (
93: (
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994:PDP-10
990:PDP-10
981:, the
958:, and
948:PDP-10
921:OUTPUT
864:OUTPUT
843:OUTPUT
798:OUTPUT
789:OUTPUT
767:OUTPUT
743:OUTPUT
719:OUTPUT
656:OUTPUT
634:OUTPUT
616:OUTPUT
597:OUTPUT
584:heap.
571:Prolog
542:object
538:object
517:object
501:Pascal
489:tables
487:, and
485:arrays
366:NOBOL
197:SNOBOL
143:Major
27:SNOBOL
1400:(PDF)
1389:S2CID
1369:(PDF)
1323:S2CID
1219:S2CID
1179:S2CID
1157:(PDF)
915:AGAIN
888:INPUT
825:AGAIN
671:INPUT
631:INPUT
497:COBOL
458:ALGOL
312:ALGOL
224:COMIT
165:COMIT
1682:ISBN
1660:ISBN
1641:ISBN
1622:ISBN
1606:ISBN
1594:ISBN
1575:ISBN
1546:ISBN
1422:ISBN
1169:ISBN
1073:card
1005:Gnat
1003:The
764:HATE
740:LOVE
710:HATE
689:LOVE
575:DCGs
456:and
308:Icon
281:Perl
279:and
263:eval
245:and
239:i.e.
228:TRAC
226:and
181:Icon
120:1967
95:1962
88:1962
64:and
1715:at
1381:doi
1313:doi
1209:doi
1161:doi
1008:Ada
936:END
894:LEN
779:END
758:END
734:END
716:MEH
646:END
606:END
416:by
289:BNF
277:AWK
210:by
189:Lua
177:AWK
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